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341,000 | 16,801,278 | 2,684 | A semiconductor device includes a first substrate in which a first region and a second region are defined, a first stack structure with first gate electrodes displaced and stacked sequentially on the first substrate, a second stack structure with second gate electrodes displaced and stacked sequentially on the first stack structure, a junction layer disposed between the first stack structure and the second stack structure, a first interlayer insulating layer disposed on a side surface of the first stack structure, a second interlayer insulating layer covering the second stack structure, a first channel hole that penetrates through structure(s) and/or layer(s) and a second channel hole that penetrates through structure(s) and/or layer(s). A height of the second portion of the first channel hole in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction is less than a height of the second portion of the second channel hole in the second direction. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a first substrate in which a first region and a second region are defined; a first stack structure comprising a plurality of first gate electrodes which are displaced and stacked sequentially on the first substrate, lengths of the plurality of first gate electrodes in a first direction decrease in proportion to distance of the first gate electrodes away from the first substrate of the second region; a second stack structure comprising a plurality of second gate electrodes which are displaced and stacked sequentially on the first stack structure; a junction layer disposed between the first stack structure and the second stack structure; a first interlayer insulating layer disposed on a side surface of the first stack structure; a second interlayer insulating layer covering the second stack structure; a first channel hole comprising a first portion penetrating through the first stack structure, a second portion penetrating through the junction layer and a third portion penetrating through the second stack structure on the first substrate of the first region; and a second channel hole comprising a first portion penetrating through the first stack structure, a second portion penetrating through the first interlayer insulating layer and a third portion penetrating through the second interlayer insulating layer on the first substrate of the second region, wherein a height of the second portion of the first channel hole in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction is less than a height of the second portion of the second channel hole in the second direction. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a dummy gate electrode disposed between the junction layer and the second stack structure. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein the dummy gate electrode is protruded farther in the first direction compared to each of the plurality of first gate electrodes. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein the dummy gate electrode comprises the same material as that of each of the plurality of first gate electrodes. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a width of the second portion of the first channel hole is more than a width of the third portion of the first channel hole. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a width of the second portion of the second channel hole is more than a width of the third portion of the second channel hole. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the junction layer comprises the same material as that of the first interlayer insulating layer. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the junction layer is in contact with the second stack structure. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a second substrate disposed on a lower portion of the first substrate and comprising a peripheral transistor and a lower connection wire electrically connected with the peripheral transistor. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a conductive line displaced from the first channel hole on the first substrate of the first region and penetrating through the first stack structure, the junction layer and the second stack structure. 11. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a first substrate in which a first region and a second region are defined; a first stack structure comprising a plurality of first gate electrodes which are displaced and stacked sequentially on the first substrate, lengths of the plurality of first gate electrodes in a first direction decrease in proportion to distance of the first gate electrodes away from the first substrate of the second region; a dummy gate electrode disposed on the first stack structure; a second stack structure comprising a plurality of second gate electrodes which are displaced and stacked sequentially on the dummy gate electrode; a junction layer disposed between the first stack structure and the dummy gate electrode; a first interlayer insulating layer disposed on a side surface of the first stack structure; a second interlayer insulating layer covering the second stack structure and the dummy gate electrode; a first channel hole penetrating through the first stack structure, the junction layer, the dummy gate electrode and the second stack structure on the first substrate of the first region; and a second channel hole penetrating through the first stack structure, the first interlayer insulating layer, the dummy gate electrode, and the second interlayer insulating layer on the first substrate of the second region. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the first channel hole comprises a first portion penetrating through the first stack structure and a second portion penetrating through the junction layer,
the second channel hole comprises a first portion penetrating through the first stack structure and a second portion penetrating through the first interlayer insulating layer, and wherein a height of the second portion of the first channel hole in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction is less than a height of the second channel hole in the second direction. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 11, further comprising:
a first conductive pad disposed within the first channel hole; a second conductive pad disposed within the second channel hole; and a bit line disposed on the first conductive pad, electrically connected with the first conductive pad, and electrically insulated from the second conductive pad. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the second channel hole is not in contact with the second stack structure. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 11, further comprising a second substrate disposed on a lower portion of the first substrate and comprising a peripheral transistor and a lower connection wire electrically connected with the peripheral transistor. 16. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate in which a first region and a second region are defined; a first stack structure comprising a plurality of first gate electrodes which are displaced and stacked sequentially on the substrate; a second stack structure comprising a plurality of second gate electrodes which are displaced and stacked sequentially on the first stack structure; a junction layer disposed between the first stack structure and the second stack structure; a first interlayer insulating layer disposed on a side surface of the first stack structure; a second interlayer insulating layer covering the second stack structure; a first channel hole comprising a first portion penetrating through the first stack structure, a second portion penetrating through the junction layer and a third portion penetrating through the second stack structure on the substrate of the first region; and a second channel hole comprising a first portion penetrating through the first stack structure, a second portion penetrating through the first interlayer insulating layer and a third portion penetrating through the second interlayer insulating layer on the substrate of the second region, wherein the second channel hole is not in contact with the second stack structure, and a width of the second portion of the first channel hole is more than a width of the third portion of the first channel hole. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 16, wherein lengths of the plurality of first gate electrodes in a first direction decrease in proportion to distances of the first gate electrodes away from the substrate of the second region. 18. The semiconductor device of claim 17, wherein a height of the second portion of the first channel hole in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction is less than a height of the second channel hole in the second direction. 19. The semiconductor device of claim 16, further comprising a dummy gate electrode disposed between the junction layer and the second stack structure. 20. The semiconductor device of claim 16, wherein a width of the second portion of the second channel hole is more than a width of the third portion of the second channel hole. | A semiconductor device includes a first substrate in which a first region and a second region are defined, a first stack structure with first gate electrodes displaced and stacked sequentially on the first substrate, a second stack structure with second gate electrodes displaced and stacked sequentially on the first stack structure, a junction layer disposed between the first stack structure and the second stack structure, a first interlayer insulating layer disposed on a side surface of the first stack structure, a second interlayer insulating layer covering the second stack structure, a first channel hole that penetrates through structure(s) and/or layer(s) and a second channel hole that penetrates through structure(s) and/or layer(s). A height of the second portion of the first channel hole in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction is less than a height of the second portion of the second channel hole in the second direction.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a first substrate in which a first region and a second region are defined; a first stack structure comprising a plurality of first gate electrodes which are displaced and stacked sequentially on the first substrate, lengths of the plurality of first gate electrodes in a first direction decrease in proportion to distance of the first gate electrodes away from the first substrate of the second region; a second stack structure comprising a plurality of second gate electrodes which are displaced and stacked sequentially on the first stack structure; a junction layer disposed between the first stack structure and the second stack structure; a first interlayer insulating layer disposed on a side surface of the first stack structure; a second interlayer insulating layer covering the second stack structure; a first channel hole comprising a first portion penetrating through the first stack structure, a second portion penetrating through the junction layer and a third portion penetrating through the second stack structure on the first substrate of the first region; and a second channel hole comprising a first portion penetrating through the first stack structure, a second portion penetrating through the first interlayer insulating layer and a third portion penetrating through the second interlayer insulating layer on the first substrate of the second region, wherein a height of the second portion of the first channel hole in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction is less than a height of the second portion of the second channel hole in the second direction. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a dummy gate electrode disposed between the junction layer and the second stack structure. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein the dummy gate electrode is protruded farther in the first direction compared to each of the plurality of first gate electrodes. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein the dummy gate electrode comprises the same material as that of each of the plurality of first gate electrodes. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a width of the second portion of the first channel hole is more than a width of the third portion of the first channel hole. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a width of the second portion of the second channel hole is more than a width of the third portion of the second channel hole. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the junction layer comprises the same material as that of the first interlayer insulating layer. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the junction layer is in contact with the second stack structure. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a second substrate disposed on a lower portion of the first substrate and comprising a peripheral transistor and a lower connection wire electrically connected with the peripheral transistor. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising a conductive line displaced from the first channel hole on the first substrate of the first region and penetrating through the first stack structure, the junction layer and the second stack structure. 11. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a first substrate in which a first region and a second region are defined; a first stack structure comprising a plurality of first gate electrodes which are displaced and stacked sequentially on the first substrate, lengths of the plurality of first gate electrodes in a first direction decrease in proportion to distance of the first gate electrodes away from the first substrate of the second region; a dummy gate electrode disposed on the first stack structure; a second stack structure comprising a plurality of second gate electrodes which are displaced and stacked sequentially on the dummy gate electrode; a junction layer disposed between the first stack structure and the dummy gate electrode; a first interlayer insulating layer disposed on a side surface of the first stack structure; a second interlayer insulating layer covering the second stack structure and the dummy gate electrode; a first channel hole penetrating through the first stack structure, the junction layer, the dummy gate electrode and the second stack structure on the first substrate of the first region; and a second channel hole penetrating through the first stack structure, the first interlayer insulating layer, the dummy gate electrode, and the second interlayer insulating layer on the first substrate of the second region. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the first channel hole comprises a first portion penetrating through the first stack structure and a second portion penetrating through the junction layer,
the second channel hole comprises a first portion penetrating through the first stack structure and a second portion penetrating through the first interlayer insulating layer, and wherein a height of the second portion of the first channel hole in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction is less than a height of the second channel hole in the second direction. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 11, further comprising:
a first conductive pad disposed within the first channel hole; a second conductive pad disposed within the second channel hole; and a bit line disposed on the first conductive pad, electrically connected with the first conductive pad, and electrically insulated from the second conductive pad. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the second channel hole is not in contact with the second stack structure. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 11, further comprising a second substrate disposed on a lower portion of the first substrate and comprising a peripheral transistor and a lower connection wire electrically connected with the peripheral transistor. 16. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate in which a first region and a second region are defined; a first stack structure comprising a plurality of first gate electrodes which are displaced and stacked sequentially on the substrate; a second stack structure comprising a plurality of second gate electrodes which are displaced and stacked sequentially on the first stack structure; a junction layer disposed between the first stack structure and the second stack structure; a first interlayer insulating layer disposed on a side surface of the first stack structure; a second interlayer insulating layer covering the second stack structure; a first channel hole comprising a first portion penetrating through the first stack structure, a second portion penetrating through the junction layer and a third portion penetrating through the second stack structure on the substrate of the first region; and a second channel hole comprising a first portion penetrating through the first stack structure, a second portion penetrating through the first interlayer insulating layer and a third portion penetrating through the second interlayer insulating layer on the substrate of the second region, wherein the second channel hole is not in contact with the second stack structure, and a width of the second portion of the first channel hole is more than a width of the third portion of the first channel hole. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 16, wherein lengths of the plurality of first gate electrodes in a first direction decrease in proportion to distances of the first gate electrodes away from the substrate of the second region. 18. The semiconductor device of claim 17, wherein a height of the second portion of the first channel hole in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction is less than a height of the second channel hole in the second direction. 19. The semiconductor device of claim 16, further comprising a dummy gate electrode disposed between the junction layer and the second stack structure. 20. The semiconductor device of claim 16, wherein a width of the second portion of the second channel hole is more than a width of the third portion of the second channel hole. | 2,600 |
341,001 | 16,801,289 | 2,684 | Provided is a chair-type massage machine including an arm treatment portion. The arm treatment portion includes an arm insertion groove part that is open at an upper part thereof and an expansion/contraction part that is disposed in the arm insertion groove part and expands and contracts. The arm insertion groove part includes a placement surface, a pair of inner side surfaces that are disposed on an upper side of the placement surface, and an inclined side surface that is disposed so as to be continuous with an upper end of the inner side surface as one of the pair of inner side surfaces and is inclined at an upper part thereof toward the inner side surface as the other of the pair of inner side surfaces. The expansion/contraction part as at least one of expansion/contraction parts is at least partly disposed along the inclined side surface. | 1. A chair-type massage machine comprising an arm treatment portion that treats an arm,
wherein the arm treatment portion includes:
an arm insertion groove part that is capable of housing the arm therein and is open at an upper part thereof; and
one or a plurality of expansion/contraction parts that are disposed in the arm insertion groove part and are capable of alternately expanding or contracting by use of air,
the arm insertion groove part includes:
a placement surface on which the arm is placed;
a pair of inner side surfaces that are disposed on an upper side of the placement surface and face each other around the arm placed on the placement surface; and
an inclined side surface that is disposed so as to be continuous with an upper end of one of the pair of inner side surfaces and is inclined toward the other of the pair of inner side surfaces along an upward direction, and
at least one of the expansion/contraction parts is at least partly disposed along the inclined side surface. 2. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the expansion/contraction parts is formed by overlaying on each other a plurality of bag bodies that are capable of alternately expanding or contracting by use of air. 3. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 1, wherein
the at least one of the expansion/contraction parts disposed along the inclined side surface is disposed also along the one of the pair of inner side surfaces, and a part of the at least one of the expansion/contraction parts, which is disposed along the inclined side surface, is configured to expand more largely than a part of the at least one of the expansion/contraction parts, which is disposed along the one of the pair of inner side surfaces. 4. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the expansion/contraction parts is at least partly disposed along the one of the pair of inner side surfaces. 5. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the expansion/contraction parts is at least partly disposed along the other of the pair of inner side surfaces. 6. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the expansion/contraction parts is at least partly disposed along the placement surface. 7. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the expansion/contraction parts is fixed at least at a lower end part thereof to the arm insertion groove part. 8. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 1, wherein
the other of the pair of inner side surfaces bulges outward at an intermediate part thereof in an up-down direction as viewed from inside of the arm insertion groove part. | Provided is a chair-type massage machine including an arm treatment portion. The arm treatment portion includes an arm insertion groove part that is open at an upper part thereof and an expansion/contraction part that is disposed in the arm insertion groove part and expands and contracts. The arm insertion groove part includes a placement surface, a pair of inner side surfaces that are disposed on an upper side of the placement surface, and an inclined side surface that is disposed so as to be continuous with an upper end of the inner side surface as one of the pair of inner side surfaces and is inclined at an upper part thereof toward the inner side surface as the other of the pair of inner side surfaces. The expansion/contraction part as at least one of expansion/contraction parts is at least partly disposed along the inclined side surface.1. A chair-type massage machine comprising an arm treatment portion that treats an arm,
wherein the arm treatment portion includes:
an arm insertion groove part that is capable of housing the arm therein and is open at an upper part thereof; and
one or a plurality of expansion/contraction parts that are disposed in the arm insertion groove part and are capable of alternately expanding or contracting by use of air,
the arm insertion groove part includes:
a placement surface on which the arm is placed;
a pair of inner side surfaces that are disposed on an upper side of the placement surface and face each other around the arm placed on the placement surface; and
an inclined side surface that is disposed so as to be continuous with an upper end of one of the pair of inner side surfaces and is inclined toward the other of the pair of inner side surfaces along an upward direction, and
at least one of the expansion/contraction parts is at least partly disposed along the inclined side surface. 2. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the expansion/contraction parts is formed by overlaying on each other a plurality of bag bodies that are capable of alternately expanding or contracting by use of air. 3. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 1, wherein
the at least one of the expansion/contraction parts disposed along the inclined side surface is disposed also along the one of the pair of inner side surfaces, and a part of the at least one of the expansion/contraction parts, which is disposed along the inclined side surface, is configured to expand more largely than a part of the at least one of the expansion/contraction parts, which is disposed along the one of the pair of inner side surfaces. 4. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the expansion/contraction parts is at least partly disposed along the one of the pair of inner side surfaces. 5. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the expansion/contraction parts is at least partly disposed along the other of the pair of inner side surfaces. 6. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the expansion/contraction parts is at least partly disposed along the placement surface. 7. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the expansion/contraction parts is fixed at least at a lower end part thereof to the arm insertion groove part. 8. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 1, wherein
the other of the pair of inner side surfaces bulges outward at an intermediate part thereof in an up-down direction as viewed from inside of the arm insertion groove part. | 2,600 |
341,002 | 16,801,254 | 2,684 | A system for nucleic acid sequencing includes a machine-readable memory and a processor configured to execute machine-readable instructions. The instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the system to expose template polynucleotide strands in a plurality of defined spaces of a sensor array to a series of flows of nucleotide species, the series comprising a sequence of random flows; and obtain, for each of the series of flows of nucleotide species, a signal indicative of how many nucleotide incorporations occurred for that particular flow to determine a predicted sequence of nucleotides corresponding to the template polynucleotide strands. | 1. A system for nucleic acid sequencing, comprising:
a machine-readable memory; and a processor configured to execute machine-readable instructions, which, when executed by the processor, cause the system to:
expose template polynucleotide strands in a plurality of defined spaces of a sensor array to a series of flows of nucleotide species, the series comprising a sequence of random flows; and
obtain, for each of the series of flows of nucleotide species, a signal indicative of how many nucleotide incorporations occurred for that particular flow to determine a predicted sequence of nucleotides corresponding to the template polynucleotide strands. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the series further comprises a flow ordering comprising includes all possible distinct dimer pairs of four nucleotide species. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the series further comprises:
a flow of N followed immediately by a flow of X, wherein X and N represent different nucleotide species, and immediately after the flow of X or elsewhere in the ordering, a flow of N followed immediately by a flow of Y, wherein Y represents a nucleotide species different from both X and N. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the series further comprises:
a flow of X followed immediately by a flow of N, wherein X and N represent different nucleotide species, and a flow of Y followed immediately by a flow of N, wherein Y represents a nucleotide species different from both X and N. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the series further comprises:
a first flow ordering in which a first nucleotide species, a second nucleotide species, and a third nucleotide species are flowed at least twice before a fourth nucleotide species is flowed. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the series further comprises a second flow ordering in which the second nucleotide species, the third nucleotide species, and the fourth nucleotide species are flowed at least twice before the first nucleotide species is flowed. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the series further comprises a third flow ordering in which the first nucleotide species, the third nucleotide species, and the fourth nucleotide species are flowed at least twice before the second nucleotide species is flowed. 8. A method for nucleic acid sequencing, the method comprising:
exposing template polynucleotide strands in a plurality of defined spaces of a sensor array to a series of flows of nucleotide species, the series comprising a sequence of random flows; and obtaining, for each of the series of flows of nucleotide species, a signal indicative of how many nucleotide incorporations occurred for that particular flow to determine a predicted sequence of nucleotides corresponding to the template polynucleotide strands. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the series further comprises a flow ordering comprising includes all possible distinct dimer pairs of four nucleotide species. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the series further comprises:
a flow of N followed immediately by a flow of X, wherein X and N represent different nucleotide species, and immediately after the flow of X or elsewhere in the ordering, a flow of N followed immediately by a flow of Y, wherein Y represents a nucleotide species different from both X and N. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the series further comprises:
a flow of X followed immediately by a flow of N, wherein X and N represent different nucleotide species, and a flow of Y followed immediately by a flow of N, wherein Y represents a nucleotide species different from both X and N. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the series further comprises:
a first flow ordering in which a first nucleotide species, a second nucleotide species, and a third nucleotide species are flowed at least twice before a fourth nucleotide species is flowed. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the series further comprises a second flow ordering in which the second nucleotide species, the third nucleotide species, and the fourth nucleotide species are flowed at least twice before the first nucleotide species is flowed. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the series further comprises a third flow ordering in which the first nucleotide species, the third nucleotide species, and the fourth nucleotide species are flowed at least twice before the second nucleotide species is flowed. 15. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method for nucleic acid sequencing comprising:
exposing template polynucleotide strands, sequencing primers, and polymerases in a plurality of defined spaces of a sensor array to a series of flows of nucleotide species, the series comprising a sequence of random flows; and obtaining, for each of the series of flows of nucleotide species, a signal indicative of how many nucleotide incorporations occurred for that particular flow to determine a predicted sequence of nucleotides corresponding to the template polynucleotide strands. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the series further comprises a flow ordering comprising includes all possible distinct dimer pairs of four nucleotide species. 17. The non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the series further comprises:
a flow of N followed immediately by a flow of X, wherein X and N represent different nucleotide species, and immediately after the flow of X or elsewhere in the ordering, a flow of N followed immediately by a flow of Y, wherein Y represents a nucleotide species different from both X and N. 18. The non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the series further comprises:
a flow of X followed immediately by a flow of N, wherein X and N represent different nucleotide species, and a flow of Y followed immediately by a flow of N, wherein Y represents a nucleotide species different from both X and N. 19. The non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the series further comprises:
a first flow ordering in which a first nucleotide species, a second nucleotide species, and a third nucleotide species are flowed at least twice before a fourth nucleotide species is flowed. 20. The non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the series further comprises a second flow ordering in which the second nucleotide species, the third nucleotide species, and the fourth nucleotide species are flowed at least twice before the first nucleotide species is flowed. | A system for nucleic acid sequencing includes a machine-readable memory and a processor configured to execute machine-readable instructions. The instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the system to expose template polynucleotide strands in a plurality of defined spaces of a sensor array to a series of flows of nucleotide species, the series comprising a sequence of random flows; and obtain, for each of the series of flows of nucleotide species, a signal indicative of how many nucleotide incorporations occurred for that particular flow to determine a predicted sequence of nucleotides corresponding to the template polynucleotide strands.1. A system for nucleic acid sequencing, comprising:
a machine-readable memory; and a processor configured to execute machine-readable instructions, which, when executed by the processor, cause the system to:
expose template polynucleotide strands in a plurality of defined spaces of a sensor array to a series of flows of nucleotide species, the series comprising a sequence of random flows; and
obtain, for each of the series of flows of nucleotide species, a signal indicative of how many nucleotide incorporations occurred for that particular flow to determine a predicted sequence of nucleotides corresponding to the template polynucleotide strands. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the series further comprises a flow ordering comprising includes all possible distinct dimer pairs of four nucleotide species. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the series further comprises:
a flow of N followed immediately by a flow of X, wherein X and N represent different nucleotide species, and immediately after the flow of X or elsewhere in the ordering, a flow of N followed immediately by a flow of Y, wherein Y represents a nucleotide species different from both X and N. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the series further comprises:
a flow of X followed immediately by a flow of N, wherein X and N represent different nucleotide species, and a flow of Y followed immediately by a flow of N, wherein Y represents a nucleotide species different from both X and N. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the series further comprises:
a first flow ordering in which a first nucleotide species, a second nucleotide species, and a third nucleotide species are flowed at least twice before a fourth nucleotide species is flowed. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the series further comprises a second flow ordering in which the second nucleotide species, the third nucleotide species, and the fourth nucleotide species are flowed at least twice before the first nucleotide species is flowed. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the series further comprises a third flow ordering in which the first nucleotide species, the third nucleotide species, and the fourth nucleotide species are flowed at least twice before the second nucleotide species is flowed. 8. A method for nucleic acid sequencing, the method comprising:
exposing template polynucleotide strands in a plurality of defined spaces of a sensor array to a series of flows of nucleotide species, the series comprising a sequence of random flows; and obtaining, for each of the series of flows of nucleotide species, a signal indicative of how many nucleotide incorporations occurred for that particular flow to determine a predicted sequence of nucleotides corresponding to the template polynucleotide strands. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the series further comprises a flow ordering comprising includes all possible distinct dimer pairs of four nucleotide species. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the series further comprises:
a flow of N followed immediately by a flow of X, wherein X and N represent different nucleotide species, and immediately after the flow of X or elsewhere in the ordering, a flow of N followed immediately by a flow of Y, wherein Y represents a nucleotide species different from both X and N. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the series further comprises:
a flow of X followed immediately by a flow of N, wherein X and N represent different nucleotide species, and a flow of Y followed immediately by a flow of N, wherein Y represents a nucleotide species different from both X and N. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the series further comprises:
a first flow ordering in which a first nucleotide species, a second nucleotide species, and a third nucleotide species are flowed at least twice before a fourth nucleotide species is flowed. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the series further comprises a second flow ordering in which the second nucleotide species, the third nucleotide species, and the fourth nucleotide species are flowed at least twice before the first nucleotide species is flowed. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the series further comprises a third flow ordering in which the first nucleotide species, the third nucleotide species, and the fourth nucleotide species are flowed at least twice before the second nucleotide species is flowed. 15. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method for nucleic acid sequencing comprising:
exposing template polynucleotide strands, sequencing primers, and polymerases in a plurality of defined spaces of a sensor array to a series of flows of nucleotide species, the series comprising a sequence of random flows; and obtaining, for each of the series of flows of nucleotide species, a signal indicative of how many nucleotide incorporations occurred for that particular flow to determine a predicted sequence of nucleotides corresponding to the template polynucleotide strands. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the series further comprises a flow ordering comprising includes all possible distinct dimer pairs of four nucleotide species. 17. The non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the series further comprises:
a flow of N followed immediately by a flow of X, wherein X and N represent different nucleotide species, and immediately after the flow of X or elsewhere in the ordering, a flow of N followed immediately by a flow of Y, wherein Y represents a nucleotide species different from both X and N. 18. The non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the series further comprises:
a flow of X followed immediately by a flow of N, wherein X and N represent different nucleotide species, and a flow of Y followed immediately by a flow of N, wherein Y represents a nucleotide species different from both X and N. 19. The non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the series further comprises:
a first flow ordering in which a first nucleotide species, a second nucleotide species, and a third nucleotide species are flowed at least twice before a fourth nucleotide species is flowed. 20. The non-transitory machine readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the series further comprises a second flow ordering in which the second nucleotide species, the third nucleotide species, and the fourth nucleotide species are flowed at least twice before the first nucleotide species is flowed. | 2,600 |
341,003 | 16,801,274 | 2,684 | A computer program product includes a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith. The program instructions perform a method of: determining first information based on a vehicle image included in an image, determining whether the vehicle is a booked vehicle based on the first information, and providing, with a user, second information when the vehicle is determined to be the booked vehicle, the second information indicating that the vehicle is the booked vehicle. | 1. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions to perform a method of:
determining first information based on a vehicle image included in an image; determining whether the vehicle is a booked vehicle based on the first information; and providing, with a user, second information when the vehicle is determined to be the booked vehicle, the second information indicating that the vehicle is the booked vehicle. 2. The computer program product according to claim 1, wherein
the vehicle is determined to be the booked vehicle when a comparison information matches the first information or when there is a predetermined association between the comparison information and the first information. 3. The computer program product according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprising:
providing, with the user, third information when a predetermined stop location of the vehicle is included in the image, the third information indicating the predetermined stop location. 4. The computer program product according to claim 1, wherein
the first information is determined when an information presentation unit provided on the vehicle is included in the image. 5. The computer program product according to claim 1, the method further comprising:
transferring, to the vehicle, a request information to ride on the vehicle when the vehicle is determined to be the booked vehicle. 6. The computer program product according to claim 1, the method further comprising:
displaying the vehicle image and the second information on a screen of a computer, wherein a position of the second information on the screen is determined based on the position of a position of the vehicle image on the screen. 7. The computer program product according to claim 6, wherein
on the screen, at least a part of the second information is superimposed on at least a part of the vehicle image. 8. A computer-implemented method comprising:
determining first information based on a vehicle image included in an image; determining whether the vehicle is a booked vehicle based on the first information; and providing, with a user, second information when the vehicle is determined to be the booked vehicle, the second information indicating that the vehicle is the booked vehicle. 9. The computer-implemented method according to claim 8, wherein
the vehicle is determined to be the booked vehicle when a comparison information matches the first information or when there is a predetermined association between the comparison information and the first information. 10. The computer-implemented method according to claim 8, wherein the method further comprising:
providing, with the user, third information when a predetermined stop location of the vehicle is included in the image, the third information indicating the predetermined stop location. 11. The computer-implemented method according to claim 8, wherein
the first information is determined when an information presentation unit provided on the vehicle is included in the image. 12. The computer-implemented method according to claim 8, the method further comprising:
transferring, to the vehicle, a request information to ride on the vehicle when the vehicle is determined to be the booked vehicle. 13. The computer-implemented method according to claim 8, the method further comprising:
displaying the vehicle image and the second information on a screen of a computer, wherein a position of the second information on the screen is determined based on the position of a position of the vehicle image on the screen. 14. The computer-implemented method according to claim 13, wherein
on the screen, at least a part of the second information is superimposed on at least a part of the vehicle image. | A computer program product includes a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith. The program instructions perform a method of: determining first information based on a vehicle image included in an image, determining whether the vehicle is a booked vehicle based on the first information, and providing, with a user, second information when the vehicle is determined to be the booked vehicle, the second information indicating that the vehicle is the booked vehicle.1. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions to perform a method of:
determining first information based on a vehicle image included in an image; determining whether the vehicle is a booked vehicle based on the first information; and providing, with a user, second information when the vehicle is determined to be the booked vehicle, the second information indicating that the vehicle is the booked vehicle. 2. The computer program product according to claim 1, wherein
the vehicle is determined to be the booked vehicle when a comparison information matches the first information or when there is a predetermined association between the comparison information and the first information. 3. The computer program product according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprising:
providing, with the user, third information when a predetermined stop location of the vehicle is included in the image, the third information indicating the predetermined stop location. 4. The computer program product according to claim 1, wherein
the first information is determined when an information presentation unit provided on the vehicle is included in the image. 5. The computer program product according to claim 1, the method further comprising:
transferring, to the vehicle, a request information to ride on the vehicle when the vehicle is determined to be the booked vehicle. 6. The computer program product according to claim 1, the method further comprising:
displaying the vehicle image and the second information on a screen of a computer, wherein a position of the second information on the screen is determined based on the position of a position of the vehicle image on the screen. 7. The computer program product according to claim 6, wherein
on the screen, at least a part of the second information is superimposed on at least a part of the vehicle image. 8. A computer-implemented method comprising:
determining first information based on a vehicle image included in an image; determining whether the vehicle is a booked vehicle based on the first information; and providing, with a user, second information when the vehicle is determined to be the booked vehicle, the second information indicating that the vehicle is the booked vehicle. 9. The computer-implemented method according to claim 8, wherein
the vehicle is determined to be the booked vehicle when a comparison information matches the first information or when there is a predetermined association between the comparison information and the first information. 10. The computer-implemented method according to claim 8, wherein the method further comprising:
providing, with the user, third information when a predetermined stop location of the vehicle is included in the image, the third information indicating the predetermined stop location. 11. The computer-implemented method according to claim 8, wherein
the first information is determined when an information presentation unit provided on the vehicle is included in the image. 12. The computer-implemented method according to claim 8, the method further comprising:
transferring, to the vehicle, a request information to ride on the vehicle when the vehicle is determined to be the booked vehicle. 13. The computer-implemented method according to claim 8, the method further comprising:
displaying the vehicle image and the second information on a screen of a computer, wherein a position of the second information on the screen is determined based on the position of a position of the vehicle image on the screen. 14. The computer-implemented method according to claim 13, wherein
on the screen, at least a part of the second information is superimposed on at least a part of the vehicle image. | 2,600 |
341,004 | 16,801,181 | 2,684 | The present disclosure relates to a display panel, a display screen, and a terminal device. The display panel includes a substrate, a first pixel electrode overlaying the substrate, a pixel definition layer overlaying a side of the first pixel electrode away from the substrate and including a plurality of pixel openings to expose a surface of the first pixel electrode, and a first type of separation pillar disposed on the pixel definition layer. A width of the first type of separation pillar changes continuously or intermittently in an extending direction thereof. The extending direction of the first type of separation pillar is parallel to the substrate. The width is a dimension of a projection of the first type of separation pillar on the substrate in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the first type of separation pillar. | 1. A display panel, comprising:
a substrate; a first pixel electrode overlaying the substrate; a pixel definition layer overlaying a side of the first pixel electrode away from the substrate and comprising a plurality of pixel openings to expose a portion of a surface of the first pixel electrode; and a plurality of first type of separation pillars disposed on a side of the pixel definition layer away from the first pixel electrode, wherein a width of one of the first type of separation pillars changes continuously or intermittently in an extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars, and the extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars is parallel to the substrate, the width being a dimension of a projection of one of the first type of separation pillars on the substrate in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of the first type of separation pillars is arranged in parallel on the substrate. 3. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the display panel is a passive-matrix organic light-emitting diode (PMOLED) display panel. 4. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first pixel electrode comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, silver-doped indium tin oxide, and silver-doped indium zinc oxide. 5. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of second type of separation pillars, wherein one of the second type of separation pillars comprises a strip shape, and the first type of separation pillars and the second type of separation pillars are disposed alternately. 6. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of first type of separation pillars comprises a bottom surface in contact with the pixel definition layer and a top surface positioned opposite to the bottom surface; in the direction perpendicular to the extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars, a width of the top surface is greater than or equal to a width of the bottom surface; and the top surface has a changing width along the extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars. 7. The display panel according to claim 6, wherein at least one of two side edges of the top surface of one of the first type of separation pillars extending along the extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars comprises a shape of at least one of a polyline segment, an arc, a semicircle, and a wave. 8. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein the bottom surface is parallel to the top surface, and a shape of the bottom surface is substantially the same as a shape of the top surface. 9. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of first type of separation pillars further comprises two side surfaces connected to the top surface and the bottom surface, and a projection of each of the side surfaces on the substrate coincides with a projection of the side edge on the substrate. 10. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein the shape of the side edge is formed by connecting a plurality of semicircular edges having the same opening direction, and one of the edges comprises an opening facing a sub-pixel area. 11. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein a projection of one of the pixel openings on the substrate is a pattern unit or at least two pattern units connected to one another, and the pattern unit comprises a circular shape, elliptical shape, or dumbbell shape. 12. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising a light emitting structure layer disposed on a side of the first pixel electrode away from the substrate and a second pixel electrode disposed on a side of the light emitting structure layer away from the first pixel electrode, an extending direction of the first pixel electrode being perpendicular to an extending direction of the second pixel electrode. 13. The display panel according to claim 12, wherein the second pixel electrode is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, silver-doped indium tin oxide, and silver-doped indium zinc oxide. 14. A display screen, comprising:
a first display area configured to display a picture; and the display panel according to claim 1 disposed in the first display area. 15. The display screen according to claim 14, further comprising a second display area adjacent to the first display area, and a second display panel disposed on the second display area, the display panel being a PMOLED display panel or an active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) display panel, and the second display panel being an AMOLED display panel. 16. The display screen according to claim 15, wherein a light transmittance of the first display area is greater than a light transmittance of the second display area. 17. The display screen according to claim 15, wherein a light transmittance of the first display area is the same as a light transmittance of the second display area. 18. A display terminal, comprising:
a device body having a device area; and the display screen according to claim 14 disposed on the device body; wherein the device area is located under the first display area, and a photosensitive device is disposed in the device area. 19. The display terminal according to claim 18, wherein the device area is a notched area, the photosensitive device comprises a camera or a light sensor. | The present disclosure relates to a display panel, a display screen, and a terminal device. The display panel includes a substrate, a first pixel electrode overlaying the substrate, a pixel definition layer overlaying a side of the first pixel electrode away from the substrate and including a plurality of pixel openings to expose a surface of the first pixel electrode, and a first type of separation pillar disposed on the pixel definition layer. A width of the first type of separation pillar changes continuously or intermittently in an extending direction thereof. The extending direction of the first type of separation pillar is parallel to the substrate. The width is a dimension of a projection of the first type of separation pillar on the substrate in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the first type of separation pillar.1. A display panel, comprising:
a substrate; a first pixel electrode overlaying the substrate; a pixel definition layer overlaying a side of the first pixel electrode away from the substrate and comprising a plurality of pixel openings to expose a portion of a surface of the first pixel electrode; and a plurality of first type of separation pillars disposed on a side of the pixel definition layer away from the first pixel electrode, wherein a width of one of the first type of separation pillars changes continuously or intermittently in an extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars, and the extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars is parallel to the substrate, the width being a dimension of a projection of one of the first type of separation pillars on the substrate in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of the first type of separation pillars is arranged in parallel on the substrate. 3. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the display panel is a passive-matrix organic light-emitting diode (PMOLED) display panel. 4. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first pixel electrode comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, silver-doped indium tin oxide, and silver-doped indium zinc oxide. 5. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of second type of separation pillars, wherein one of the second type of separation pillars comprises a strip shape, and the first type of separation pillars and the second type of separation pillars are disposed alternately. 6. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of first type of separation pillars comprises a bottom surface in contact with the pixel definition layer and a top surface positioned opposite to the bottom surface; in the direction perpendicular to the extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars, a width of the top surface is greater than or equal to a width of the bottom surface; and the top surface has a changing width along the extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars. 7. The display panel according to claim 6, wherein at least one of two side edges of the top surface of one of the first type of separation pillars extending along the extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars comprises a shape of at least one of a polyline segment, an arc, a semicircle, and a wave. 8. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein the bottom surface is parallel to the top surface, and a shape of the bottom surface is substantially the same as a shape of the top surface. 9. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of first type of separation pillars further comprises two side surfaces connected to the top surface and the bottom surface, and a projection of each of the side surfaces on the substrate coincides with a projection of the side edge on the substrate. 10. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein the shape of the side edge is formed by connecting a plurality of semicircular edges having the same opening direction, and one of the edges comprises an opening facing a sub-pixel area. 11. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein a projection of one of the pixel openings on the substrate is a pattern unit or at least two pattern units connected to one another, and the pattern unit comprises a circular shape, elliptical shape, or dumbbell shape. 12. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising a light emitting structure layer disposed on a side of the first pixel electrode away from the substrate and a second pixel electrode disposed on a side of the light emitting structure layer away from the first pixel electrode, an extending direction of the first pixel electrode being perpendicular to an extending direction of the second pixel electrode. 13. The display panel according to claim 12, wherein the second pixel electrode is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, silver-doped indium tin oxide, and silver-doped indium zinc oxide. 14. A display screen, comprising:
a first display area configured to display a picture; and the display panel according to claim 1 disposed in the first display area. 15. The display screen according to claim 14, further comprising a second display area adjacent to the first display area, and a second display panel disposed on the second display area, the display panel being a PMOLED display panel or an active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) display panel, and the second display panel being an AMOLED display panel. 16. The display screen according to claim 15, wherein a light transmittance of the first display area is greater than a light transmittance of the second display area. 17. The display screen according to claim 15, wherein a light transmittance of the first display area is the same as a light transmittance of the second display area. 18. A display terminal, comprising:
a device body having a device area; and the display screen according to claim 14 disposed on the device body; wherein the device area is located under the first display area, and a photosensitive device is disposed in the device area. 19. The display terminal according to claim 18, wherein the device area is a notched area, the photosensitive device comprises a camera or a light sensor. | 2,600 |
341,005 | 16,801,261 | 2,684 | The present disclosure relates to a display panel, a display screen, and a terminal device. The display panel includes a substrate, a first pixel electrode overlaying the substrate, a pixel definition layer overlaying a side of the first pixel electrode away from the substrate and including a plurality of pixel openings to expose a surface of the first pixel electrode, and a first type of separation pillar disposed on the pixel definition layer. A width of the first type of separation pillar changes continuously or intermittently in an extending direction thereof. The extending direction of the first type of separation pillar is parallel to the substrate. The width is a dimension of a projection of the first type of separation pillar on the substrate in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the first type of separation pillar. | 1. A display panel, comprising:
a substrate; a first pixel electrode overlaying the substrate; a pixel definition layer overlaying a side of the first pixel electrode away from the substrate and comprising a plurality of pixel openings to expose a portion of a surface of the first pixel electrode; and a plurality of first type of separation pillars disposed on a side of the pixel definition layer away from the first pixel electrode, wherein a width of one of the first type of separation pillars changes continuously or intermittently in an extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars, and the extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars is parallel to the substrate, the width being a dimension of a projection of one of the first type of separation pillars on the substrate in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of the first type of separation pillars is arranged in parallel on the substrate. 3. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the display panel is a passive-matrix organic light-emitting diode (PMOLED) display panel. 4. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first pixel electrode comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, silver-doped indium tin oxide, and silver-doped indium zinc oxide. 5. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of second type of separation pillars, wherein one of the second type of separation pillars comprises a strip shape, and the first type of separation pillars and the second type of separation pillars are disposed alternately. 6. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of first type of separation pillars comprises a bottom surface in contact with the pixel definition layer and a top surface positioned opposite to the bottom surface; in the direction perpendicular to the extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars, a width of the top surface is greater than or equal to a width of the bottom surface; and the top surface has a changing width along the extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars. 7. The display panel according to claim 6, wherein at least one of two side edges of the top surface of one of the first type of separation pillars extending along the extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars comprises a shape of at least one of a polyline segment, an arc, a semicircle, and a wave. 8. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein the bottom surface is parallel to the top surface, and a shape of the bottom surface is substantially the same as a shape of the top surface. 9. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of first type of separation pillars further comprises two side surfaces connected to the top surface and the bottom surface, and a projection of each of the side surfaces on the substrate coincides with a projection of the side edge on the substrate. 10. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein the shape of the side edge is formed by connecting a plurality of semicircular edges having the same opening direction, and one of the edges comprises an opening facing a sub-pixel area. 11. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein a projection of one of the pixel openings on the substrate is a pattern unit or at least two pattern units connected to one another, and the pattern unit comprises a circular shape, elliptical shape, or dumbbell shape. 12. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising a light emitting structure layer disposed on a side of the first pixel electrode away from the substrate and a second pixel electrode disposed on a side of the light emitting structure layer away from the first pixel electrode, an extending direction of the first pixel electrode being perpendicular to an extending direction of the second pixel electrode. 13. The display panel according to claim 12, wherein the second pixel electrode is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, silver-doped indium tin oxide, and silver-doped indium zinc oxide. 14. A display screen, comprising:
a first display area configured to display a picture; and the display panel according to claim 1 disposed in the first display area. 15. The display screen according to claim 14, further comprising a second display area adjacent to the first display area, and a second display panel disposed on the second display area, the display panel being a PMOLED display panel or an active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) display panel, and the second display panel being an AMOLED display panel. 16. The display screen according to claim 15, wherein a light transmittance of the first display area is greater than a light transmittance of the second display area. 17. The display screen according to claim 15, wherein a light transmittance of the first display area is the same as a light transmittance of the second display area. 18. A display terminal, comprising:
a device body having a device area; and the display screen according to claim 14 disposed on the device body; wherein the device area is located under the first display area, and a photosensitive device is disposed in the device area. 19. The display terminal according to claim 18, wherein the device area is a notched area, the photosensitive device comprises a camera or a light sensor. | The present disclosure relates to a display panel, a display screen, and a terminal device. The display panel includes a substrate, a first pixel electrode overlaying the substrate, a pixel definition layer overlaying a side of the first pixel electrode away from the substrate and including a plurality of pixel openings to expose a surface of the first pixel electrode, and a first type of separation pillar disposed on the pixel definition layer. A width of the first type of separation pillar changes continuously or intermittently in an extending direction thereof. The extending direction of the first type of separation pillar is parallel to the substrate. The width is a dimension of a projection of the first type of separation pillar on the substrate in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the first type of separation pillar.1. A display panel, comprising:
a substrate; a first pixel electrode overlaying the substrate; a pixel definition layer overlaying a side of the first pixel electrode away from the substrate and comprising a plurality of pixel openings to expose a portion of a surface of the first pixel electrode; and a plurality of first type of separation pillars disposed on a side of the pixel definition layer away from the first pixel electrode, wherein a width of one of the first type of separation pillars changes continuously or intermittently in an extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars, and the extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars is parallel to the substrate, the width being a dimension of a projection of one of the first type of separation pillars on the substrate in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of the first type of separation pillars is arranged in parallel on the substrate. 3. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the display panel is a passive-matrix organic light-emitting diode (PMOLED) display panel. 4. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first pixel electrode comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, silver-doped indium tin oxide, and silver-doped indium zinc oxide. 5. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of second type of separation pillars, wherein one of the second type of separation pillars comprises a strip shape, and the first type of separation pillars and the second type of separation pillars are disposed alternately. 6. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of first type of separation pillars comprises a bottom surface in contact with the pixel definition layer and a top surface positioned opposite to the bottom surface; in the direction perpendicular to the extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars, a width of the top surface is greater than or equal to a width of the bottom surface; and the top surface has a changing width along the extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars. 7. The display panel according to claim 6, wherein at least one of two side edges of the top surface of one of the first type of separation pillars extending along the extending direction of one of the first type of separation pillars comprises a shape of at least one of a polyline segment, an arc, a semicircle, and a wave. 8. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein the bottom surface is parallel to the top surface, and a shape of the bottom surface is substantially the same as a shape of the top surface. 9. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of first type of separation pillars further comprises two side surfaces connected to the top surface and the bottom surface, and a projection of each of the side surfaces on the substrate coincides with a projection of the side edge on the substrate. 10. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein the shape of the side edge is formed by connecting a plurality of semicircular edges having the same opening direction, and one of the edges comprises an opening facing a sub-pixel area. 11. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein a projection of one of the pixel openings on the substrate is a pattern unit or at least two pattern units connected to one another, and the pattern unit comprises a circular shape, elliptical shape, or dumbbell shape. 12. The display panel according to claim 1, further comprising a light emitting structure layer disposed on a side of the first pixel electrode away from the substrate and a second pixel electrode disposed on a side of the light emitting structure layer away from the first pixel electrode, an extending direction of the first pixel electrode being perpendicular to an extending direction of the second pixel electrode. 13. The display panel according to claim 12, wherein the second pixel electrode is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, silver-doped indium tin oxide, and silver-doped indium zinc oxide. 14. A display screen, comprising:
a first display area configured to display a picture; and the display panel according to claim 1 disposed in the first display area. 15. The display screen according to claim 14, further comprising a second display area adjacent to the first display area, and a second display panel disposed on the second display area, the display panel being a PMOLED display panel or an active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) display panel, and the second display panel being an AMOLED display panel. 16. The display screen according to claim 15, wherein a light transmittance of the first display area is greater than a light transmittance of the second display area. 17. The display screen according to claim 15, wherein a light transmittance of the first display area is the same as a light transmittance of the second display area. 18. A display terminal, comprising:
a device body having a device area; and the display screen according to claim 14 disposed on the device body; wherein the device area is located under the first display area, and a photosensitive device is disposed in the device area. 19. The display terminal according to claim 18, wherein the device area is a notched area, the photosensitive device comprises a camera or a light sensor. | 2,600 |
341,006 | 16,801,290 | 1,626 | Described herein are compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. Compounds described herein are useful for inhibiting arginine methyltransferase activity. Methods of using the compounds for treating arginine methyltransferase-mediated disorders are also described. | 1-75. (canceled) 76. A compound of Formula (II): 77. The compound or salt of claim 76, wherein R3 is C1-4 alkyl. 78. The compound or salt of claim 77, wherein R3 is methyl. 79. The compound or salt of claim 76, wherein R4 is hydrogen. 80. The compound or salt of claim 76, wherein R5 is hydrogen. 81. The compound or salt of claim 76, wherein Rx is methyl. 82. The compound or salt of claim 76, wherein RW is substituted cyclohexyl. 83. The compound or salt of claim 76, wherein RW is optionally substituted heterocyclyl. 84. The compound or salt of claim 83, wherein the heterocyclyl is monocyclic or bicyclic. 85. The compound of claim 76, wherein R3 is methyl, R4 is hydrogen, R5 is hydrogen, Rx is methyl, and RW is substituted cyclohexyl. 86. The compound or salt of claim 76, selected from the group consisting of: 87. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 76, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 88. A method of inhibiting an arginine methyl transferase (RMT) comprising contacting a cell with an effective amount of a compound of claim 76, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 89. A method of modulating gene expression or transcription comprising contacting a cell with an effective amount of a compound of claim 76, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 90. A method of treating a RMT-mediated disorder, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 76, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 91. The method of claim 90, wherein the RMT-mediated disorder is a PRMT1-mediated disorder, a PRMT6-mediated disorder, a PRMT3-mediated disorder, a PRMT8-mediated disorder, or a CARM1-mediated disorder. 92. The method of claim 91, wherein the disorder is a proliferative disorder, a neurological disorder, a muscular dystrophy, an autoimmune disorder, a vascular disorder, or a metabolic disorder. 93. The method of claim 91, wherein the disorder is diabetes mellitus, kidney failure, coronary heart disease, oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 94. The method of claim 91, wherein the disorder is cancer. 95. The method of claim 94, wherein the cancer is breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colon cancer, bladder cancer, lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), leukemia, or acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). | Described herein are compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. Compounds described herein are useful for inhibiting arginine methyltransferase activity. Methods of using the compounds for treating arginine methyltransferase-mediated disorders are also described.1-75. (canceled) 76. A compound of Formula (II): 77. The compound or salt of claim 76, wherein R3 is C1-4 alkyl. 78. The compound or salt of claim 77, wherein R3 is methyl. 79. The compound or salt of claim 76, wherein R4 is hydrogen. 80. The compound or salt of claim 76, wherein R5 is hydrogen. 81. The compound or salt of claim 76, wherein Rx is methyl. 82. The compound or salt of claim 76, wherein RW is substituted cyclohexyl. 83. The compound or salt of claim 76, wherein RW is optionally substituted heterocyclyl. 84. The compound or salt of claim 83, wherein the heterocyclyl is monocyclic or bicyclic. 85. The compound of claim 76, wherein R3 is methyl, R4 is hydrogen, R5 is hydrogen, Rx is methyl, and RW is substituted cyclohexyl. 86. The compound or salt of claim 76, selected from the group consisting of: 87. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 76, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 88. A method of inhibiting an arginine methyl transferase (RMT) comprising contacting a cell with an effective amount of a compound of claim 76, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 89. A method of modulating gene expression or transcription comprising contacting a cell with an effective amount of a compound of claim 76, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 90. A method of treating a RMT-mediated disorder, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 76, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 91. The method of claim 90, wherein the RMT-mediated disorder is a PRMT1-mediated disorder, a PRMT6-mediated disorder, a PRMT3-mediated disorder, a PRMT8-mediated disorder, or a CARM1-mediated disorder. 92. The method of claim 91, wherein the disorder is a proliferative disorder, a neurological disorder, a muscular dystrophy, an autoimmune disorder, a vascular disorder, or a metabolic disorder. 93. The method of claim 91, wherein the disorder is diabetes mellitus, kidney failure, coronary heart disease, oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 94. The method of claim 91, wherein the disorder is cancer. 95. The method of claim 94, wherein the cancer is breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colon cancer, bladder cancer, lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), leukemia, or acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). | 1,600 |
341,007 | 16,801,302 | 1,626 | There are described a method, apparatus, and kit for validating an upgrade to a data acquisition system (DAS). The method comprises acquiring measurement data from a composite part using an upgraded DAS, the composite part representing a family of parts and having features from different parts of the family of parts incorporated thereon; comparing the measurement data to reference data defining tolerances for the measurement data; and validating the upgrade to the DAS based on the comparing of the measurement data to the reference data. | 1. A method for validating an upgrade to a data acquisition system (DAS), the method comprising:
acquiring measurement data from a composite part using an upgraded DAS, the composite part representing a family of parts and having features from different parts of the family of parts incorporated thereon; comparing the measurement data to reference data defining tolerances for the measurement data; and validating the upgrade to the DAS based on the comparing of the measurement data to the reference data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference data is obtained from the composite part on at least one non-upgraded DAS. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the reference data is an average of data acquired from a plurality of the at least one non-upgraded DAS. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the reference data is an average of data acquired from the at least one non-upgraded DAS over a plurality of data acquisition cycles. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the upgrade is a software upgrade to the DAS. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the upgrade is a hardware upgrade to the DAS. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein validating the upgrade comprises issuing a pass signal when the measurement data is within the tolerances. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the composite part has a known defect, and wherein validating the upgrade comprises issuing a pass signal when the known defect is detected. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the features corresponds to a complex feature of the family of parts. 10. An apparatus for validating an upgrade to a data acquisition system (DAS), the system comprising:
a processing unit; and a non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon program code executable by the processing unit for:
acquiring measurement data from a composite part using an upgraded DAS, the composite part representing a family of parts and having features from different parts of the family of parts incorporated thereon;
comparing the measurement data to reference data defining tolerances for the measurement data; and
validating the upgrade to the DAS based on the comparing of the measurement data to the reference data. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the reference data is obtained from the composite part on at least one non-upgraded DAS. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the reference data is an average of data acquired from a plurality of the at least one non-upgraded DAS. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the reference data is an average of data acquired from the at least one non-upgraded DAS over a plurality of data acquisition cycles. 14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the upgrade is a software upgrade to the DAS. 15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the upgrade is a hardware upgrade to the DAS. 16. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein validating the upgrade comprises issuing a pass signal when the measurement data is within the tolerances. 17. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the composite part has a known defect, and wherein validating the upgrade comprises issuing a pass signal when the known defect is detected. 18. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein at least one of the features corresponds to a complex feature of the family of parts. 19. A kit for validating an upgrade to a data acquisition system, the kit comprising:
a composite part representing a family of parts and having features from different parts of the family of parts incorporated thereon; and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon program code executable by a processing unit for:
acquiring measurement data from the composite part using an upgraded DAS;
comparing the measurement data to reference data defining tolerances for the measurement data; and
validating the upgrade to the DAS based on the comparing of the measurement data to the reference data. 20. The kit of claim 10, wherein at least one of the features corresponds to a complex feature of the family of parts. | There are described a method, apparatus, and kit for validating an upgrade to a data acquisition system (DAS). The method comprises acquiring measurement data from a composite part using an upgraded DAS, the composite part representing a family of parts and having features from different parts of the family of parts incorporated thereon; comparing the measurement data to reference data defining tolerances for the measurement data; and validating the upgrade to the DAS based on the comparing of the measurement data to the reference data.1. A method for validating an upgrade to a data acquisition system (DAS), the method comprising:
acquiring measurement data from a composite part using an upgraded DAS, the composite part representing a family of parts and having features from different parts of the family of parts incorporated thereon; comparing the measurement data to reference data defining tolerances for the measurement data; and validating the upgrade to the DAS based on the comparing of the measurement data to the reference data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference data is obtained from the composite part on at least one non-upgraded DAS. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the reference data is an average of data acquired from a plurality of the at least one non-upgraded DAS. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the reference data is an average of data acquired from the at least one non-upgraded DAS over a plurality of data acquisition cycles. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the upgrade is a software upgrade to the DAS. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the upgrade is a hardware upgrade to the DAS. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein validating the upgrade comprises issuing a pass signal when the measurement data is within the tolerances. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the composite part has a known defect, and wherein validating the upgrade comprises issuing a pass signal when the known defect is detected. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the features corresponds to a complex feature of the family of parts. 10. An apparatus for validating an upgrade to a data acquisition system (DAS), the system comprising:
a processing unit; and a non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon program code executable by the processing unit for:
acquiring measurement data from a composite part using an upgraded DAS, the composite part representing a family of parts and having features from different parts of the family of parts incorporated thereon;
comparing the measurement data to reference data defining tolerances for the measurement data; and
validating the upgrade to the DAS based on the comparing of the measurement data to the reference data. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the reference data is obtained from the composite part on at least one non-upgraded DAS. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the reference data is an average of data acquired from a plurality of the at least one non-upgraded DAS. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the reference data is an average of data acquired from the at least one non-upgraded DAS over a plurality of data acquisition cycles. 14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the upgrade is a software upgrade to the DAS. 15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the upgrade is a hardware upgrade to the DAS. 16. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein validating the upgrade comprises issuing a pass signal when the measurement data is within the tolerances. 17. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the composite part has a known defect, and wherein validating the upgrade comprises issuing a pass signal when the known defect is detected. 18. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein at least one of the features corresponds to a complex feature of the family of parts. 19. A kit for validating an upgrade to a data acquisition system, the kit comprising:
a composite part representing a family of parts and having features from different parts of the family of parts incorporated thereon; and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon program code executable by a processing unit for:
acquiring measurement data from the composite part using an upgraded DAS;
comparing the measurement data to reference data defining tolerances for the measurement data; and
validating the upgrade to the DAS based on the comparing of the measurement data to the reference data. 20. The kit of claim 10, wherein at least one of the features corresponds to a complex feature of the family of parts. | 1,600 |
341,008 | 16,801,286 | 1,654 | A compound of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and individual enantiomers or diastereomers thereof. Compositions and methods useful for treatment or suppression of diseases, developmental delays and symptoms related to oxidative stress. | 1. A compound selected from: 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (III) (methyl (2S) -2-{[(2S)-1-[(2S,3E,5S)-2-benzyl-5-{[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}-7-methyloct-3-enoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}-5-({[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)pentanoate) : 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXVIII) (tert-butyl N-[(4S,5E,7S)-7-benzyl-8-[(2S)-2-{[(1S) -1-carbamoyl-4-({[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino-)butyl]carbamoyl}pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-methyl-8-oxooct-5-en-4-yl]carbamate) 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXIX) ((2S)-2-{[(2S)-1-[2S,3E,5S)-2-benzyl-5-{[tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}-7-methyloct-3-enoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}-5-({[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)pentanoate): 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXX) (propan-2-yl (2S)-2-{[2S)-1-[2S,3E,5S)-2-benzyl-5-{[tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}-7-methyloct-3-enoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}-5-({[(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)pentanoate): 6. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXI) (propan-2-yl (2S)-2-{[(2S)-1-[2S,3E,5S)-2-benzyl-5-{[tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}-7-methyloct-3-enoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}-6-({[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)hexanoate): 7. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXII) (propan-2-{[2S)-1-[(2S,3E,5S)-2-benzyl-5-{[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}-7-methyloct-3-enoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}-6-[(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)formamido]-hexanoate): 8. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXIII) ((2R)-2-{[(2S)-1-[(2S,3E,5S) -2-benzyl-5-{[tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}-7-methyloct-3-enoyl] pyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}-6-{[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)hexanoate): 9. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXIV) ((2R) -2-{[2S) -1-[(2S,3E,5S)-2-benzyl-5-{[tert-butoxy) carbonyl]amino}-7-methyloct-3-enoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}-6-({[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)hexanoic acid): 10. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXV) (tert-butyl N-[4S,5E,7S)-7-benzyl-8-[(2S)-2-{[(1S) -1-(diethylcarbamoyl)-4-({[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)-butyl]carbamoyl}pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-methyl-8-oxooct-5-en-4-yl]carbamate): 11. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXVI) (tert-butyl N-[(4S,5E,7S)-7-benzyl-8-[(2S) -2-{[(1S) -1-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-5-({[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)pentyl]-carbamoyl}pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-methyl-8-oxooct-5-en-4-yl]carbamate): 12. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXVII) (tert-butyl N-[(4S,5E,7S)-7-benzyl-8-[(2S)-2-{[(1S)-5-({[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)-1-[(propan-2-yl)carbamoyl]pentyl]carbamoyl}pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-methyl-8-oxooct-5-en-4-yl]carbamate: 13. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXVIII) ((S)-methyl 2-((S)-2-((S)-1-((2S,5S,E)-2-benzyl-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-methyloct-3-enoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanamido)-5-((((1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)pentanoate: 14. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXIX) ((S)-methyl 2-((S) -2-((S)-1-((2S,5S,E)-2-benzyl-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino) -7-methyloct-3-enoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanamido)-5-((((1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)pentanoate): 15. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXXIV) (tert-butyl N-[(4S,5E,7S)-7-benzyl-8-[(2S)-2-{[(1S)-4-({[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)-1-[(propan-2-yl)carbamoyl]butyl]carbamoyl}pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-methyl-8-oxooct-5-en-4-yl]carbamate): 16. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXXV) (tert-butyl N-[(4S,5E,7S)-7-benzyl-8-[(2S)-2-{[(1S)-4-({[(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)-1-[(propan-2-yl)carbamoyl]butyl]carbamoyl}pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-methyl-8-oxooct-5-en-4-yl]carbamate: 17. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXXVI) ((S)-cyclohexyl 2-((R)-1-((2S,5S,E)-2-benzyl-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-methyloct-3-enoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)-6-((((1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)hexanoate: 18. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXXVII) (tert-butyl N-[(4S,5E,7S)-7-benzyl-8-[(2S)-2-{[(1S)-1-{[(1S)-4-({[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)-1-[(propan-2-yl)carbamoyl]butyl]carbamoyl}-2-methylpropyl]carbamoyl}pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-methyl-8-oxooct-5-en-4-yl]carbamate): 19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 20. A method of treating acute kidney injury in a patient comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 21. A method of treating acute kidney injury in a patient comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 19. | A compound of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and individual enantiomers or diastereomers thereof. Compositions and methods useful for treatment or suppression of diseases, developmental delays and symptoms related to oxidative stress.1. A compound selected from: 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (III) (methyl (2S) -2-{[(2S)-1-[(2S,3E,5S)-2-benzyl-5-{[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}-7-methyloct-3-enoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}-5-({[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)pentanoate) : 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXVIII) (tert-butyl N-[(4S,5E,7S)-7-benzyl-8-[(2S)-2-{[(1S) -1-carbamoyl-4-({[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino-)butyl]carbamoyl}pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-methyl-8-oxooct-5-en-4-yl]carbamate) 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXIX) ((2S)-2-{[(2S)-1-[2S,3E,5S)-2-benzyl-5-{[tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}-7-methyloct-3-enoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}-5-({[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)pentanoate): 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXX) (propan-2-yl (2S)-2-{[2S)-1-[2S,3E,5S)-2-benzyl-5-{[tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}-7-methyloct-3-enoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}-5-({[(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)pentanoate): 6. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXI) (propan-2-yl (2S)-2-{[(2S)-1-[2S,3E,5S)-2-benzyl-5-{[tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}-7-methyloct-3-enoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}-6-({[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)hexanoate): 7. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXII) (propan-2-{[2S)-1-[(2S,3E,5S)-2-benzyl-5-{[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}-7-methyloct-3-enoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}-6-[(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)formamido]-hexanoate): 8. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXIII) ((2R)-2-{[(2S)-1-[(2S,3E,5S) -2-benzyl-5-{[tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino}-7-methyloct-3-enoyl] pyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}-6-{[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)hexanoate): 9. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXIV) ((2R) -2-{[2S) -1-[(2S,3E,5S)-2-benzyl-5-{[tert-butoxy) carbonyl]amino}-7-methyloct-3-enoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]formamido}-6-({[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)hexanoic acid): 10. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXV) (tert-butyl N-[4S,5E,7S)-7-benzyl-8-[(2S)-2-{[(1S) -1-(diethylcarbamoyl)-4-({[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)-butyl]carbamoyl}pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-methyl-8-oxooct-5-en-4-yl]carbamate): 11. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXVI) (tert-butyl N-[(4S,5E,7S)-7-benzyl-8-[(2S) -2-{[(1S) -1-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-5-({[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)pentyl]-carbamoyl}pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-methyl-8-oxooct-5-en-4-yl]carbamate): 12. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXVII) (tert-butyl N-[(4S,5E,7S)-7-benzyl-8-[(2S)-2-{[(1S)-5-({[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)-1-[(propan-2-yl)carbamoyl]pentyl]carbamoyl}pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-methyl-8-oxooct-5-en-4-yl]carbamate: 13. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXVIII) ((S)-methyl 2-((S)-2-((S)-1-((2S,5S,E)-2-benzyl-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-methyloct-3-enoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanamido)-5-((((1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)pentanoate: 14. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXIX) ((S)-methyl 2-((S) -2-((S)-1-((2S,5S,E)-2-benzyl-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino) -7-methyloct-3-enoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanamido)-5-((((1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)pentanoate): 15. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXXIV) (tert-butyl N-[(4S,5E,7S)-7-benzyl-8-[(2S)-2-{[(1S)-4-({[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)-1-[(propan-2-yl)carbamoyl]butyl]carbamoyl}pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-methyl-8-oxooct-5-en-4-yl]carbamate): 16. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXXV) (tert-butyl N-[(4S,5E,7S)-7-benzyl-8-[(2S)-2-{[(1S)-4-({[(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)-1-[(propan-2-yl)carbamoyl]butyl]carbamoyl}pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-methyl-8-oxooct-5-en-4-yl]carbamate: 17. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXXVI) ((S)-cyclohexyl 2-((R)-1-((2S,5S,E)-2-benzyl-5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-7-methyloct-3-enoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)-6-((((1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)hexanoate: 18. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (XXXXVII) (tert-butyl N-[(4S,5E,7S)-7-benzyl-8-[(2S)-2-{[(1S)-1-{[(1S)-4-({[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)-1-[(propan-2-yl)carbamoyl]butyl]carbamoyl}-2-methylpropyl]carbamoyl}pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-methyl-8-oxooct-5-en-4-yl]carbamate): 19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 20. A method of treating acute kidney injury in a patient comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 21. A method of treating acute kidney injury in a patient comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 19. | 1,600 |
341,009 | 16,801,294 | 1,654 | A novel synthetic crystalline molecular sieve material, designated SSZ-115, is provided. SSZ-115 can be synthesized using 1-methyl-1-[5-(trimethylammonio)pentyl]pyrrolidinium dications as a structure directing agent. SSZ-115 may be used in organic compound conversion reactions and sorptive processes. | 1. A molecular sieve having, in its calcined form, a powder X-ray diffraction pattern substantially the same as shown in FIG. 3. 2. The molecular sieve of claim 1, and having a composition comprising the molar relationship:
Al2O3:(n)SiO2 3. The molecular sieve of claim 1, and having a composition comprising the molar relationship:
Al2O3:(n)SiO2 4. A molecular sieve having, in its as-synthesized form, a powder X-ray diffraction pattern substantially the same as shown in FIG. 1. 5. The molecular sieve of claim 4, having a chemical composition comprising the following molar relationship: 6. The molecular sieve of claim 4, having a chemical composition comprising the following molar relationship: 7. A method of synthesizing the molecular sieve of claim 4, the method comprising:
(a) providing a reaction mixture comprising:
(1) a source of silicon oxide;
(2) a source of aluminum oxide;
(3) a source of a Group 1 or Group 2 metal (M);
(4) a structure directing agent (Q) comprising 1-methyl-1-[5-(trimethylammonio)pentyl]pyrrolidinium dications;
(5) a source of hydroxide ions; and
(6) water; and
(b) subjecting the reaction mixture to crystallization conditions sufficient to form crystals of the molecular sieve. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the reaction mixture has a composition, in terms of molar ratios, as follows: 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the reaction mixture has a composition, in terms of molar ratios, as follows: 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the crystallization conditions include a temperature of from 125° C. to 200° C. 11. A process for converting a feedstock comprising an organic compound to a conversion product, the process comprising contacting the feedstock at organic compound conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising the molecular sieve of claim 1. | A novel synthetic crystalline molecular sieve material, designated SSZ-115, is provided. SSZ-115 can be synthesized using 1-methyl-1-[5-(trimethylammonio)pentyl]pyrrolidinium dications as a structure directing agent. SSZ-115 may be used in organic compound conversion reactions and sorptive processes.1. A molecular sieve having, in its calcined form, a powder X-ray diffraction pattern substantially the same as shown in FIG. 3. 2. The molecular sieve of claim 1, and having a composition comprising the molar relationship:
Al2O3:(n)SiO2 3. The molecular sieve of claim 1, and having a composition comprising the molar relationship:
Al2O3:(n)SiO2 4. A molecular sieve having, in its as-synthesized form, a powder X-ray diffraction pattern substantially the same as shown in FIG. 1. 5. The molecular sieve of claim 4, having a chemical composition comprising the following molar relationship: 6. The molecular sieve of claim 4, having a chemical composition comprising the following molar relationship: 7. A method of synthesizing the molecular sieve of claim 4, the method comprising:
(a) providing a reaction mixture comprising:
(1) a source of silicon oxide;
(2) a source of aluminum oxide;
(3) a source of a Group 1 or Group 2 metal (M);
(4) a structure directing agent (Q) comprising 1-methyl-1-[5-(trimethylammonio)pentyl]pyrrolidinium dications;
(5) a source of hydroxide ions; and
(6) water; and
(b) subjecting the reaction mixture to crystallization conditions sufficient to form crystals of the molecular sieve. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the reaction mixture has a composition, in terms of molar ratios, as follows: 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the reaction mixture has a composition, in terms of molar ratios, as follows: 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the crystallization conditions include a temperature of from 125° C. to 200° C. 11. A process for converting a feedstock comprising an organic compound to a conversion product, the process comprising contacting the feedstock at organic compound conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising the molecular sieve of claim 1. | 1,600 |
341,010 | 16,801,298 | 1,654 | A welded structural assembly and method, in one form, includes an upper substrate, a lower substrate adjacent the upper substrate, a fastener, and a sealing member. The fastener includes a shank portion, a first head portion, and a second head portion. The shank portion extends through the upper substrate and into the lower substrate. The shank is welded to the lower substrate. The first head portion has an outer periphery and an underside. The second head portion is frangibly coupled to the first head portion. The sealing member is disposed under the first head portion between the upper substrate and the first head portion. The sealing member contacts the underside and extends beyond the outer periphery such that the sealing member extends radially outward beyond all points of the first head portion. | 1. A welded structural assembly comprising:
an upper substrate; a lower substrate disposed adjacent the upper substrate; a fastener including a shank portion, a first head portion, and a second head portion, the shank portion extending through the upper substrate and into the lower substrate, wherein the shank is welded to the lower substrate, the first head portion having an outer periphery and an underside, the second head portion being frangibly coupled to the first head portion; and a sealing member disposed under the first head portion between the upper substrate and the first head portion, the sealing member contacting the underside and extending beyond the outer periphery such that the sealing member extends radially outward beyond all points of the first head portion. 2. The welded structural assembly according to claim 1, wherein the sealing member is selected from the group consisting of a thermoplastic polymer, lead, foam, a wax-dipped fiber mat, a non-ferrous metal, and paper. 3. The welded structural assembly according to claim 1, wherein the sealing member is a strip of tape. 4. The welded structural assembly according to claim 1, wherein an upper side of the first head portion is flat. 5. The welded structural assembly according to claim 1, wherein the underside of the first head portion extends normal to a shank of the fastener. 6. The welded structural assembly according to claim 1, wherein the second head portion defines a break-neck that couples the second head portion to an upper side of the first head portion, the break-neck having a diameter less than a diameter of an outer perimeter of the first head portion. 7. The welded structural assembly according to claim 6, wherein the diameter of the break-neck is less than a diameter of an outer perimeter of the second head portion. 8. The welded structural assembly according to claim 1, wherein the second head portion includes a tool engagement portion configured to engage a rotary tool to be rotated about an axis of the fastener. 9. The welded structural assembly according to claim 1, wherein the upper substrate is one of an aluminum material or a magnesium material, and the lower substrate is a steel material. 10. A method of joining an upper substrate and a lower substrate comprising the steps of:
providing a sealing member between a first head portion of a fastener and the upper substrate; and rotary friction welding the fastener such that a shank of the fastener extends through the upper substrate and is welded to the lower substrate and simultaneously forming the sealing member under the first head portion such that the sealing member extends radially outward beyond all points of the first head portion. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the sealing member is a material that is cured by heat from the rotary friction welding step during installation of the fastener. 12. The method according to claim 10 further comprising curing the sealing member with a heat source separate from the rotary friction welding. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the heat source separate from the rotary friction welding is heated air flowing through an installation tool. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein the heat source separate from the rotary friction welding is induction heating of the fastener and sealing element prior to installation. 15. The method according to claim 10 wherein the step of rotary friction welding the fastener includes rotating a tool engagement portion of the fastener with rotary tool and surrounding the first head portion with a lateral tooling barrier that limits the sealing member from extending beyond a predetermined diameter that is radially outward of all points of the first head portion. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the fastener includes a second head portion frangibly coupled to the first head portion and the method further comprises shearing the second head portion off from the first head portion. 17. A method of joining an upper substrate and a lower substrate comprising the steps of:
providing a sealing member between a first head portion of a fastener and the upper substrate, the upper substrate being between the sealing member and the lower substrate; engaging and rotating a second head portion of the fastener with a rotary tool until a shank of the fastener is rotary friction welded to at least the lower substrate and the sealing member extends radially outward beyond all points of the first head portion; and breaking the second head portion off from the first head portion. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein sheering the second head portion includes applying torque to the second head portion with the tool. 19. The method according to claim 17, wherein the tool includes a lateral barrier that limits the sealing member from extending beyond a predetermined diameter that is radially outward of all points of the first head portion. 20. The method according to claim 17, wherein the first head portion is substantially flat after breaking the second head portion off. | A welded structural assembly and method, in one form, includes an upper substrate, a lower substrate adjacent the upper substrate, a fastener, and a sealing member. The fastener includes a shank portion, a first head portion, and a second head portion. The shank portion extends through the upper substrate and into the lower substrate. The shank is welded to the lower substrate. The first head portion has an outer periphery and an underside. The second head portion is frangibly coupled to the first head portion. The sealing member is disposed under the first head portion between the upper substrate and the first head portion. The sealing member contacts the underside and extends beyond the outer periphery such that the sealing member extends radially outward beyond all points of the first head portion.1. A welded structural assembly comprising:
an upper substrate; a lower substrate disposed adjacent the upper substrate; a fastener including a shank portion, a first head portion, and a second head portion, the shank portion extending through the upper substrate and into the lower substrate, wherein the shank is welded to the lower substrate, the first head portion having an outer periphery and an underside, the second head portion being frangibly coupled to the first head portion; and a sealing member disposed under the first head portion between the upper substrate and the first head portion, the sealing member contacting the underside and extending beyond the outer periphery such that the sealing member extends radially outward beyond all points of the first head portion. 2. The welded structural assembly according to claim 1, wherein the sealing member is selected from the group consisting of a thermoplastic polymer, lead, foam, a wax-dipped fiber mat, a non-ferrous metal, and paper. 3. The welded structural assembly according to claim 1, wherein the sealing member is a strip of tape. 4. The welded structural assembly according to claim 1, wherein an upper side of the first head portion is flat. 5. The welded structural assembly according to claim 1, wherein the underside of the first head portion extends normal to a shank of the fastener. 6. The welded structural assembly according to claim 1, wherein the second head portion defines a break-neck that couples the second head portion to an upper side of the first head portion, the break-neck having a diameter less than a diameter of an outer perimeter of the first head portion. 7. The welded structural assembly according to claim 6, wherein the diameter of the break-neck is less than a diameter of an outer perimeter of the second head portion. 8. The welded structural assembly according to claim 1, wherein the second head portion includes a tool engagement portion configured to engage a rotary tool to be rotated about an axis of the fastener. 9. The welded structural assembly according to claim 1, wherein the upper substrate is one of an aluminum material or a magnesium material, and the lower substrate is a steel material. 10. A method of joining an upper substrate and a lower substrate comprising the steps of:
providing a sealing member between a first head portion of a fastener and the upper substrate; and rotary friction welding the fastener such that a shank of the fastener extends through the upper substrate and is welded to the lower substrate and simultaneously forming the sealing member under the first head portion such that the sealing member extends radially outward beyond all points of the first head portion. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the sealing member is a material that is cured by heat from the rotary friction welding step during installation of the fastener. 12. The method according to claim 10 further comprising curing the sealing member with a heat source separate from the rotary friction welding. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the heat source separate from the rotary friction welding is heated air flowing through an installation tool. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein the heat source separate from the rotary friction welding is induction heating of the fastener and sealing element prior to installation. 15. The method according to claim 10 wherein the step of rotary friction welding the fastener includes rotating a tool engagement portion of the fastener with rotary tool and surrounding the first head portion with a lateral tooling barrier that limits the sealing member from extending beyond a predetermined diameter that is radially outward of all points of the first head portion. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the fastener includes a second head portion frangibly coupled to the first head portion and the method further comprises shearing the second head portion off from the first head portion. 17. A method of joining an upper substrate and a lower substrate comprising the steps of:
providing a sealing member between a first head portion of a fastener and the upper substrate, the upper substrate being between the sealing member and the lower substrate; engaging and rotating a second head portion of the fastener with a rotary tool until a shank of the fastener is rotary friction welded to at least the lower substrate and the sealing member extends radially outward beyond all points of the first head portion; and breaking the second head portion off from the first head portion. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein sheering the second head portion includes applying torque to the second head portion with the tool. 19. The method according to claim 17, wherein the tool includes a lateral barrier that limits the sealing member from extending beyond a predetermined diameter that is radially outward of all points of the first head portion. 20. The method according to claim 17, wherein the first head portion is substantially flat after breaking the second head portion off. | 1,600 |
341,011 | 16,801,310 | 2,872 | A cover for a display screen is disclosed herein. The cover includes a lens layer and a protective layer. The cover is for attachment to a display screen of an electronic device, particularly a cell phone. The lens layer includes a corrective means such as a prescription lens configured to assist users in viewing their phone screen without glasses/lenses. | 1. A cover for a display screen, the cover being for use by users with at least one eye having a refractive error, the cover comprising:
a lens layer including a front lens surface and a rear lens surface configured for attachment to the display screen, the lens layer being made from a first transparent material, the lens layer structurally configured to focus light into the at least one eye of the user at an optical power corresponding to a predetermined vision prescription of the user so as to substantially correct the refractive error of the at least one eye of the user when the user is viewing the display screen through the cover; and a protective layer including a front protective surface and a rear protective surface, the rear protective surface being fixedly attached to the front lens surface of the lens layer, the protective layer being made from a second transparent material so as to not impede a clarity of the lens layer. 2. The cover of claim 1, wherein the first transparent material and the second transparent material are made of a lightweight material capable of building an electrostatic charge so as to attach the rear lens surface to the display screen via static electricity. 3. The cover of claim 1, wherein the rear lens surface includes an adhesive thereon to adhesively attach the rear lens surface to the display screen. 4. The cover of claim 1, wherein the predetermined vision prescription of the user includes a measurement in diopters. 5. The cover of claim 1, wherein the predetermined vision prescription of the user includes one of a far point and near point of the user. 6. The cover of claim 4, wherein the optical power is generated based on the predetermined vision prescription of the user. 7. The cover of claim 1, wherein the optical power is generated based on the predetermined vision prescription of the user and a distance range between the at least one eye of the user and the display screen during use. 8. The cover of claim 6, wherein a curvature of the lens layer is determined by the predetermined vision prescription of the user. 9. The cover of claim 8, wherein the lens front surface has a first curvature and wherein the lens rear surface has a second curvature. 10. The cover of claim 9, wherein the first curvature and the second curvature are the same. 11. The cover of claim 9, wherein the first curvature and the second curvature are different. 12. The cover of claim 11, wherein a difference in curvature between the first curvature and the second curvature is determined by the predetermined vision prescription of the user. 13. The cover of claim 12, wherein the difference in curvature between the first curvature and the second curvature determines the optical power of the lens layer. 14. The cover of claim 13, wherein the user is farsighted, and wherein the first curvature and the second curvature are configured to converge light into the at least one eye of the user. 15. The cover of claim 13, wherein the user is nearsighted, and wherein the first curvature and the second curvature are configured to diverge light into the at least one eye of the user. 16. A cover for a display screen, the cover being for use by users with at least one eye having a refractive error, the cover comprising:
a lens layer including a front lens surface and a rear lens surface configured for attachment to the display screen, the lens layer being made from a first transparent material, the lens layer structurally configured to focus light into the at least one eye of the user at an optical power corresponding to a predetermined vision prescription of the user so as to substantially correct the refractive error of the at least one eye of the user when the user is viewing the display screen through the cover; and a protective layer including a front protective surface and a rear protective surface, the rear protective surface being fixedly attached to the front lens surface of the lens layer, the protective layer being made from a second transparent material so as to not impede a clarity of the lens layer; and wherein the first transparent material and the second transparent material are made of a lightweight material capable of building an electrostatic charge so as to attach the rear lens surface to the display screen via static electricity; wherein a curvature of the lens layer is determined by the predetermined vision prescription of the user; wherein the lens front surface has a first curvature and wherein the lens rear surface has a second curvature; wherein a difference in curvature between the first curvature and the second curvature is determined by the predetermined vision prescription of the user; wherein the user is farsighted, and wherein the first curvature and the second curvature are configured to converge light into the at least one eye of the user; and wherein the user is nearsighted, and wherein the first curvature and the second curvature are configured to diverge light into the at least one eye of the user. 17. The cover of claim 16, further comprising set of instructions;
wherein the cover is arranged as a kit. 18. The cover of claim 17, wherein the kit includes at least two said covers having different optical powers. 19. A method of creating a cover for a display screen, the cover being for use by users with at least one eye having a refractive error, the method comprising:
providing the cover including: a lens layer including a front lens surface and a rear lens surface configured for attachment to the display screen, the lens layer being made from a first transparent material, the lens layer structurally configured to focus light into the at least one eye of the user at an optical power corresponding to a predetermined vision prescription of the user so as to substantially correct the refractive error of the at least one eye of the user when the user is viewing the display screen through the cover; and a protective layer including a front protective surface and a rear protective surface, the rear protective surface being fixedly attached to the front lens surface of the lens layer, the protective layer being made from a second transparent material so as to not impede a clarity of the lens layer; determining the predetermined vision prescription of the user; generating the optical power based on at least the predetermined vision prescription of the user; creating the lens layer with the optical power; creating the protective layer; and fixedly attaching the rear protective surface of the protective layer to the front lens surface of the lens layer to create the cover, the cover having a size substantially equal to the display screen. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the optical power is generated based on a comparison between the predetermined vision prescription of the user and a distance range between the at least one eye of the user and the display screen during use. | A cover for a display screen is disclosed herein. The cover includes a lens layer and a protective layer. The cover is for attachment to a display screen of an electronic device, particularly a cell phone. The lens layer includes a corrective means such as a prescription lens configured to assist users in viewing their phone screen without glasses/lenses.1. A cover for a display screen, the cover being for use by users with at least one eye having a refractive error, the cover comprising:
a lens layer including a front lens surface and a rear lens surface configured for attachment to the display screen, the lens layer being made from a first transparent material, the lens layer structurally configured to focus light into the at least one eye of the user at an optical power corresponding to a predetermined vision prescription of the user so as to substantially correct the refractive error of the at least one eye of the user when the user is viewing the display screen through the cover; and a protective layer including a front protective surface and a rear protective surface, the rear protective surface being fixedly attached to the front lens surface of the lens layer, the protective layer being made from a second transparent material so as to not impede a clarity of the lens layer. 2. The cover of claim 1, wherein the first transparent material and the second transparent material are made of a lightweight material capable of building an electrostatic charge so as to attach the rear lens surface to the display screen via static electricity. 3. The cover of claim 1, wherein the rear lens surface includes an adhesive thereon to adhesively attach the rear lens surface to the display screen. 4. The cover of claim 1, wherein the predetermined vision prescription of the user includes a measurement in diopters. 5. The cover of claim 1, wherein the predetermined vision prescription of the user includes one of a far point and near point of the user. 6. The cover of claim 4, wherein the optical power is generated based on the predetermined vision prescription of the user. 7. The cover of claim 1, wherein the optical power is generated based on the predetermined vision prescription of the user and a distance range between the at least one eye of the user and the display screen during use. 8. The cover of claim 6, wherein a curvature of the lens layer is determined by the predetermined vision prescription of the user. 9. The cover of claim 8, wherein the lens front surface has a first curvature and wherein the lens rear surface has a second curvature. 10. The cover of claim 9, wherein the first curvature and the second curvature are the same. 11. The cover of claim 9, wherein the first curvature and the second curvature are different. 12. The cover of claim 11, wherein a difference in curvature between the first curvature and the second curvature is determined by the predetermined vision prescription of the user. 13. The cover of claim 12, wherein the difference in curvature between the first curvature and the second curvature determines the optical power of the lens layer. 14. The cover of claim 13, wherein the user is farsighted, and wherein the first curvature and the second curvature are configured to converge light into the at least one eye of the user. 15. The cover of claim 13, wherein the user is nearsighted, and wherein the first curvature and the second curvature are configured to diverge light into the at least one eye of the user. 16. A cover for a display screen, the cover being for use by users with at least one eye having a refractive error, the cover comprising:
a lens layer including a front lens surface and a rear lens surface configured for attachment to the display screen, the lens layer being made from a first transparent material, the lens layer structurally configured to focus light into the at least one eye of the user at an optical power corresponding to a predetermined vision prescription of the user so as to substantially correct the refractive error of the at least one eye of the user when the user is viewing the display screen through the cover; and a protective layer including a front protective surface and a rear protective surface, the rear protective surface being fixedly attached to the front lens surface of the lens layer, the protective layer being made from a second transparent material so as to not impede a clarity of the lens layer; and wherein the first transparent material and the second transparent material are made of a lightweight material capable of building an electrostatic charge so as to attach the rear lens surface to the display screen via static electricity; wherein a curvature of the lens layer is determined by the predetermined vision prescription of the user; wherein the lens front surface has a first curvature and wherein the lens rear surface has a second curvature; wherein a difference in curvature between the first curvature and the second curvature is determined by the predetermined vision prescription of the user; wherein the user is farsighted, and wherein the first curvature and the second curvature are configured to converge light into the at least one eye of the user; and wherein the user is nearsighted, and wherein the first curvature and the second curvature are configured to diverge light into the at least one eye of the user. 17. The cover of claim 16, further comprising set of instructions;
wherein the cover is arranged as a kit. 18. The cover of claim 17, wherein the kit includes at least two said covers having different optical powers. 19. A method of creating a cover for a display screen, the cover being for use by users with at least one eye having a refractive error, the method comprising:
providing the cover including: a lens layer including a front lens surface and a rear lens surface configured for attachment to the display screen, the lens layer being made from a first transparent material, the lens layer structurally configured to focus light into the at least one eye of the user at an optical power corresponding to a predetermined vision prescription of the user so as to substantially correct the refractive error of the at least one eye of the user when the user is viewing the display screen through the cover; and a protective layer including a front protective surface and a rear protective surface, the rear protective surface being fixedly attached to the front lens surface of the lens layer, the protective layer being made from a second transparent material so as to not impede a clarity of the lens layer; determining the predetermined vision prescription of the user; generating the optical power based on at least the predetermined vision prescription of the user; creating the lens layer with the optical power; creating the protective layer; and fixedly attaching the rear protective surface of the protective layer to the front lens surface of the lens layer to create the cover, the cover having a size substantially equal to the display screen. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the optical power is generated based on a comparison between the predetermined vision prescription of the user and a distance range between the at least one eye of the user and the display screen during use. | 2,800 |
341,012 | 16,801,284 | 1,781 | The present invention is to provide a hard coating layered optical film, comprising a poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) base film and a hard coating layer thereon. The hard coating layer comprises a (meth)acrylate composition and an initiator, wherein the (meth)acrylate composition comprises a urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer of functionalities from 6 to 15, at least one (meth)acrylate monomer of functionalities from 3 to 6 and at least one (meth)acrylate monomer of functionalities less than 3, wherein the molecular weight of the (meth)urethane acrylate oligomer of functionalities from 6 to 15 is ranging between 1,000 to 4,500. The hard coating layer of the hard coating layered optical film can be further coated with a functional layer, such as a low reflection layer to form an anti-reflection hard coating layered optical film. The hard coating layer can optionally comprise micro-particles to generate an anti-glare hard coating film. The anti-glare hard coating film can be further coated with a functional layer, such as a low reflection layer to form an anti-reflection anti-glare hard coating layered optical film. | 1-13. (canceled) 14. A hard coating film comprising a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) base film and an antiglare hard coating layer formed thereon, wherein the antiglare hard coating layer comprises a (meth)acrylate composition, an initiator, silica nanoparticles, organic microparticles and a leveling agent, wherein the (meth)acrylate composition comprises:
a urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer with a functionality of 6 to 15 and a molecular weight ranging between 1,000 and 4,500; at least one (meth)acrylate monomer with a functionality of 3 to 6; and at least one (meth)acrylate monomer with functionality of less than 3. 15. The hard coating film as claimed in claim 14, wherein the surface roughness of the hard coating film has a mean spacing between peaks (Sm) of between 20 μm and 50 μm, an arithmetic mean deviation of surface (Ra) of between 0.03 μm to 0.09 μm, a largest peak to valley height (Ry) of between 0.25 μm and 0.60 μm, a ten-point mean roughness (Rz) of between 0.15 μm and 0.50 μm and a root mean square slope (PΔq) of between 0.5° and 1.6°. 16. The hard coating film as claimed in claim 14, further comprising:
a low refractive layer formed on the antiglare hard coating layer, wherein the low refractive layer comprises: a binder resin; a plurality of hollow silica nanoparticles; an initiator; and a leveling agent; wherein the leveling agent comprises a perfluoropolyether group-containing (meth)acrylic-modified organosilicone; wherein the reflectivity of the hard coating film is ranging between 1.2% and 1.4%. 17. The hard coating film as claimed in claim 16, wherein the surface roughness of the hard coating film has a mean spacing between peaks (Sm) of between 20 μm and 90 μm, an arithmetic mean deviation of surface (Ra) of between 0.03 μm and 0.07 μm, a largest peak to valley height (Ry) of between 0.15 μm to 0.40 μm, and a ten-point mean roughness (Rz) of between 0.10 μm to 0.50 μm. 18-19. (canceled) 20. The hard coating film as claimed in claim 14, wherein the (meth)acrylate composition comprises:
35 to 50 weight parts of the urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer with a functionality of 6 to 15; 12 to 20 weight parts of the at least one (meth)acrylate monomer with a functionality of 3 to 6; and 1.5 to 12 weight parts of the at least one (meth)acrylate monomer with a functionality of less than 3. 21. The hard coating film as claimed in claim 14, wherein the urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer with a functionality of 6 to 15 is an aliphatic urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer. 22. The hard coating film as claimed in claim 14, wherein the (meth)acrylate monomer with a functionality of 3 to 6 is selected from one of the group consisting of pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate (DPP(M)A), dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate (DPH(M)A), trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate (TMPT(M)A), ditrimethylolpropane tetra(meth)acrylate (DTMPT(M)A) and pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate (PET(M)A), or combinations thereof. 23. The hard coating film as claimed in claim 14, wherein the (meth)acrylate monomer with a functionality of less than 3 is selected from one of a group consisting of 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate (2-EH(M)A), 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate (2-HE(M)A), 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate (2-HP(M)A), 2-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate(2-HB(M)A), 2-butoxyethyl (meth)acrylate), 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate (HDD(M)A), cyclic trimethylolpropane formal (meth)acrylate (CTF(M)A), 2-phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate (PHE(M)A), tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate (THF(M)A), lauryl (meth)acrylate (L(M)A), diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate (DEGD(M)A), dipropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate (DPGD(M)A), tripropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate (TPGD(M)A) and isobornyl (meth)acrylate, or combinations thereof. 24. The hard coating film as claimed in claim 14, wherein the initiator is selected from at least one of the group consisting of acetophenones, diphenylketones, propiophenones, benzophenones, α-hydroxyketones and fluorenylphosphine oxides. | The present invention is to provide a hard coating layered optical film, comprising a poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) base film and a hard coating layer thereon. The hard coating layer comprises a (meth)acrylate composition and an initiator, wherein the (meth)acrylate composition comprises a urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer of functionalities from 6 to 15, at least one (meth)acrylate monomer of functionalities from 3 to 6 and at least one (meth)acrylate monomer of functionalities less than 3, wherein the molecular weight of the (meth)urethane acrylate oligomer of functionalities from 6 to 15 is ranging between 1,000 to 4,500. The hard coating layer of the hard coating layered optical film can be further coated with a functional layer, such as a low reflection layer to form an anti-reflection hard coating layered optical film. The hard coating layer can optionally comprise micro-particles to generate an anti-glare hard coating film. The anti-glare hard coating film can be further coated with a functional layer, such as a low reflection layer to form an anti-reflection anti-glare hard coating layered optical film.1-13. (canceled) 14. A hard coating film comprising a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) base film and an antiglare hard coating layer formed thereon, wherein the antiglare hard coating layer comprises a (meth)acrylate composition, an initiator, silica nanoparticles, organic microparticles and a leveling agent, wherein the (meth)acrylate composition comprises:
a urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer with a functionality of 6 to 15 and a molecular weight ranging between 1,000 and 4,500; at least one (meth)acrylate monomer with a functionality of 3 to 6; and at least one (meth)acrylate monomer with functionality of less than 3. 15. The hard coating film as claimed in claim 14, wherein the surface roughness of the hard coating film has a mean spacing between peaks (Sm) of between 20 μm and 50 μm, an arithmetic mean deviation of surface (Ra) of between 0.03 μm to 0.09 μm, a largest peak to valley height (Ry) of between 0.25 μm and 0.60 μm, a ten-point mean roughness (Rz) of between 0.15 μm and 0.50 μm and a root mean square slope (PΔq) of between 0.5° and 1.6°. 16. The hard coating film as claimed in claim 14, further comprising:
a low refractive layer formed on the antiglare hard coating layer, wherein the low refractive layer comprises: a binder resin; a plurality of hollow silica nanoparticles; an initiator; and a leveling agent; wherein the leveling agent comprises a perfluoropolyether group-containing (meth)acrylic-modified organosilicone; wherein the reflectivity of the hard coating film is ranging between 1.2% and 1.4%. 17. The hard coating film as claimed in claim 16, wherein the surface roughness of the hard coating film has a mean spacing between peaks (Sm) of between 20 μm and 90 μm, an arithmetic mean deviation of surface (Ra) of between 0.03 μm and 0.07 μm, a largest peak to valley height (Ry) of between 0.15 μm to 0.40 μm, and a ten-point mean roughness (Rz) of between 0.10 μm to 0.50 μm. 18-19. (canceled) 20. The hard coating film as claimed in claim 14, wherein the (meth)acrylate composition comprises:
35 to 50 weight parts of the urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer with a functionality of 6 to 15; 12 to 20 weight parts of the at least one (meth)acrylate monomer with a functionality of 3 to 6; and 1.5 to 12 weight parts of the at least one (meth)acrylate monomer with a functionality of less than 3. 21. The hard coating film as claimed in claim 14, wherein the urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer with a functionality of 6 to 15 is an aliphatic urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer. 22. The hard coating film as claimed in claim 14, wherein the (meth)acrylate monomer with a functionality of 3 to 6 is selected from one of the group consisting of pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate (DPP(M)A), dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate (DPH(M)A), trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate (TMPT(M)A), ditrimethylolpropane tetra(meth)acrylate (DTMPT(M)A) and pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate (PET(M)A), or combinations thereof. 23. The hard coating film as claimed in claim 14, wherein the (meth)acrylate monomer with a functionality of less than 3 is selected from one of a group consisting of 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate (2-EH(M)A), 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate (2-HE(M)A), 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate (2-HP(M)A), 2-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate(2-HB(M)A), 2-butoxyethyl (meth)acrylate), 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate (HDD(M)A), cyclic trimethylolpropane formal (meth)acrylate (CTF(M)A), 2-phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate (PHE(M)A), tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate (THF(M)A), lauryl (meth)acrylate (L(M)A), diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate (DEGD(M)A), dipropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate (DPGD(M)A), tripropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate (TPGD(M)A) and isobornyl (meth)acrylate, or combinations thereof. 24. The hard coating film as claimed in claim 14, wherein the initiator is selected from at least one of the group consisting of acetophenones, diphenylketones, propiophenones, benzophenones, α-hydroxyketones and fluorenylphosphine oxides. | 1,700 |
341,013 | 16,801,262 | 1,781 | The invention relates to a viral expression construct and related viral vector and composition and to their use wherein said construct and vector comprise elements a) and b): | 1. A method for preventing, delaying, reverting, curing and/or treating a diabetes using a viral expression construct wherein said viral expression construct comprises the elements a) and b):
a) a nucleotide sequence encoding an insulin operably linked to a first promoter, b) a nucleotide sequence encoding a glucokinase operably linked to a second promoter and said viral expression construct comprising at least one of elements c), d) and e): c) the first and the second promoters are positioned in reverse orientation within the expression construct, d) the first and the second promoters are positioned in reverse orientation within the expression construct and are located adjacent to each other and e) the first promoter is a CMV promoter. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said CMV promoter is a mini CMV promoter. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said viral expression construct comprises elements a), b) and d) or wherein said construct comprises elements a), b) and e) wherein the first promoter is a mini CMV promoter. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said viral expression construct is such that, the first promoter is a CMV promoter, and/or the second promoter is a RSV promoter. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said viral expression construct comprises an additional sequence selected from the group consisting of: ITRs, SV40 polyadenylation signal, SV40 enhancer sequence, bGH polyadenylation signal and SV40 polyadenylation signal and enhancer sequence. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the viral expression construct is represented by a nucleotide sequence comprising SEQ ID NO: 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 27 or 29 or a sequence having at least 60% identity with SEQ ID NO: 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 27 or 29. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said viral expression construct is comprised in a viral vector and said viral vector is a retrovirus vector, an adenovirus vector, an adeno-associated virus vector, a herpesvirus vector, a polyoma virus vector or a vaccinia virus vector. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein said viral vector is an adeno-associated virus vector. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the adeno-associated virus vector is an AAV1 vector. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the viral expression construct or viral vector is comprised in a composition. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein said composition is a pharmaceutical composition. | The invention relates to a viral expression construct and related viral vector and composition and to their use wherein said construct and vector comprise elements a) and b):1. A method for preventing, delaying, reverting, curing and/or treating a diabetes using a viral expression construct wherein said viral expression construct comprises the elements a) and b):
a) a nucleotide sequence encoding an insulin operably linked to a first promoter, b) a nucleotide sequence encoding a glucokinase operably linked to a second promoter and said viral expression construct comprising at least one of elements c), d) and e): c) the first and the second promoters are positioned in reverse orientation within the expression construct, d) the first and the second promoters are positioned in reverse orientation within the expression construct and are located adjacent to each other and e) the first promoter is a CMV promoter. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said CMV promoter is a mini CMV promoter. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said viral expression construct comprises elements a), b) and d) or wherein said construct comprises elements a), b) and e) wherein the first promoter is a mini CMV promoter. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said viral expression construct is such that, the first promoter is a CMV promoter, and/or the second promoter is a RSV promoter. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said viral expression construct comprises an additional sequence selected from the group consisting of: ITRs, SV40 polyadenylation signal, SV40 enhancer sequence, bGH polyadenylation signal and SV40 polyadenylation signal and enhancer sequence. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the viral expression construct is represented by a nucleotide sequence comprising SEQ ID NO: 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 27 or 29 or a sequence having at least 60% identity with SEQ ID NO: 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 27 or 29. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said viral expression construct is comprised in a viral vector and said viral vector is a retrovirus vector, an adenovirus vector, an adeno-associated virus vector, a herpesvirus vector, a polyoma virus vector or a vaccinia virus vector. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein said viral vector is an adeno-associated virus vector. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the adeno-associated virus vector is an AAV1 vector. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the viral expression construct or viral vector is comprised in a composition. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein said composition is a pharmaceutical composition. | 1,700 |
341,014 | 16,801,311 | 2,833 | An accessory for an electrical receptacle on a towing vehicle provides a housing configured to mate with the receptacle. Terminals in the receptacle and the housing electrically connect to provide power to electronic components in the housing. The electronic components connect to a USB port exposed through the housing so a user may power USB devices from the electrical receptacle on the towing vehicle. | 1. An accessory for a cowing vehicle having an electrical receptacle wherein the electrical receptacle includes a constantly electrically energized terminal and a ground terminal, the accessory comprising
a housing having a first end configured to be received in the electrical receptacle and a second end having an end cap providing a slot opening through the second housing end; a fitting, in the first housing end, including a pair of spaced conductive terminals configured to make electrical connection with the energized terminal and the ground terminal when the housing is received in the electrical receptacle; and an electronics module in the housing having
leads electrically connected to the conductive terminals on the fitting,
electronic components powered through the leads and configured to convert an input vehicle voltage into an output voltage compatible with a USB enabled device, and
a USB port connected to the electrical components and configured to deliver the output, voltage to a USB enabled device, the USB port being accessible through the slot opening through the end cap of the second housing end;
the housing including projections extending into an interior of the housing configured to captivate, stabilize and immobilize the electronic module. 2. The accessory of claim 1 wherein the fitting, module and slot in the end cap are linearly aligned. 3. The accessory of claim 1 wherein the housing and end cap are of one unitary piece. 4. The accessory of claim 1 wherein the housing comprises two mirror image halves and an end cap secured to the mirror image halves. 5. The accessory of claim 1 wherein the output voltage is 5 volt direct current. 6. The accessory of claim 1 wherein the end cap provides only one slot opening through the second housing end and wherein there is only one USB port exposed through the slot. | An accessory for an electrical receptacle on a towing vehicle provides a housing configured to mate with the receptacle. Terminals in the receptacle and the housing electrically connect to provide power to electronic components in the housing. The electronic components connect to a USB port exposed through the housing so a user may power USB devices from the electrical receptacle on the towing vehicle.1. An accessory for a cowing vehicle having an electrical receptacle wherein the electrical receptacle includes a constantly electrically energized terminal and a ground terminal, the accessory comprising
a housing having a first end configured to be received in the electrical receptacle and a second end having an end cap providing a slot opening through the second housing end; a fitting, in the first housing end, including a pair of spaced conductive terminals configured to make electrical connection with the energized terminal and the ground terminal when the housing is received in the electrical receptacle; and an electronics module in the housing having
leads electrically connected to the conductive terminals on the fitting,
electronic components powered through the leads and configured to convert an input vehicle voltage into an output voltage compatible with a USB enabled device, and
a USB port connected to the electrical components and configured to deliver the output, voltage to a USB enabled device, the USB port being accessible through the slot opening through the end cap of the second housing end;
the housing including projections extending into an interior of the housing configured to captivate, stabilize and immobilize the electronic module. 2. The accessory of claim 1 wherein the fitting, module and slot in the end cap are linearly aligned. 3. The accessory of claim 1 wherein the housing and end cap are of one unitary piece. 4. The accessory of claim 1 wherein the housing comprises two mirror image halves and an end cap secured to the mirror image halves. 5. The accessory of claim 1 wherein the output voltage is 5 volt direct current. 6. The accessory of claim 1 wherein the end cap provides only one slot opening through the second housing end and wherein there is only one USB port exposed through the slot. | 2,800 |
341,015 | 16,801,296 | 2,833 | A method of multi-sensor data fusion includes determining a plurality of first data sets using a plurality of sensors, each of the first data sets being associated with a respective one of a plurality of sensor coordinate systems, and each of the sensor coordinate systems being defined in dependence of a respective one of a plurality of mounting positions for the sensors; transforming the first data sets into a plurality of second data sets using a transformation rule, each of the second data sets being associated with a unified coordinate system, the unified coordinate system being defined in dependence of at least one predetermined reference point; and determining at least one fused data set by fusing the second data sets. | 1. A method of multi-sensor data fusion, the method comprising:
determining a plurality of first data sets using a plurality of sensors, each of the first data sets being associated with a respective one of a plurality of sensor coordinate systems, each of the sensor coordinate systems being defined in dependence on a respective one of a plurality of mounting positions of the sensors; transforming the first data sets into a plurality of second data sets using a transformation rule, each of the second data sets being associated with a unified coordinate system, the unified coordinate system being defined in dependence on at least one predetermined reference point; and determining at least one fused data set by fusing the second data sets. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the transformation rule comprises a plurality of predetermined coordinate transformations for transforming data values between the respective one of the sensor coordinate systems and the unified coordinate system, wherein the plurality of predetermined coordinate transformations are based on fixed relationships between the mounting positions and the at least one reference point, wherein the mounting positions and the at least one reference point are defined in dependence on a vehicle, and wherein the reference point is located on a predetermined part of the vehicle and the mounting positions are located at a plurality of parts of the vehicle. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the transformation rule comprises a mapping rule, the mapping rule includes
at least one definition of a plurality of first positions for the respective one of the sensor coordinate systems,
a definition of a plurality of second positions for the unified coordinate system, and
a mapping of each of the second positions to at least some of the first positions, and
wherein transforming a respective one of the first data sets comprises determining, for each of the second positions, a target value for the respective second data set on the basis of a plurality of source values of the respective first data set, the source values being located at first positions that are mapped to the respective second position according to the mapping rule. 4. The method as claimed in claim 3,
wherein the first positions correspond to cells of a first regular grid, the first regular grid being adapted to the respective one of the sensor coordinate systems, and/or wherein the second positions correspond to cells of a second regular grid, the second regular grid being adapted to the unified coordinate system. 5. The method as claimed in claim 3,
wherein the transformation rule comprises an interpolation rule, the interpolation rule being differentiable, wherein determining the target value comprises an interpolation from the source values, and wherein the interpolation is a bilinear interpolation. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the first data sets is associated with a sensor coordinate system that is a Polar coordinate system, and wherein the unified coordinate system is a Cartesian coordinate system. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein determining of the first data sets comprises:
acquiring a plurality of raw data sets using the plurality of sensors, and extracting the first data sets based on the raw data sets, wherein the first data sets are extracted from the raw data sets by at least one first neural network or portions of a first global neural network, wherein the at least one first neural network or the first global neural network is a first convolutional neural network. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein, before the fusing, the second data sets are processed by at least one second neural network or portions of a second global neural network, wherein the at least one second neural network or the second global neural network is a second convolutional neural network, and wherein the at least one fused data set is processed to extract semantic information. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fused data set is used for automated control of a vehicle. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fusing comprises stacking together at least some of the second data sets and then further processing the at least some of the second data sets by a third convolutional neural network. 11. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second data sets are associated with a plurality of feature types, wherein the fusing comprises determining groups of the second data sets by stacking at least some of the second data sets or portions thereof per feature type, wherein each group of the second data sets is processed by at least one fourth neural network or portions of a fourth global neural network, wherein the at least one fourth neural network or the fourth global neural network is a fourth convolutional neural network. 12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the method or portions thereof are performed by a fifth neural network, comprising a fifth convolutional neural network. 13. A method for training a neural network for multi-sensor data fusion using a gradient-based training method, comprising the following steps:
processing a gradient by a plurality of neural networks or a plurality of portions of a neural network, and transforming the gradient between two adjacent ones of the neural networks or portions of the neural network using a predetermined transformation rule. 14. A device for multi-sensor data fusion configured to perform the method according to claim 1, the device comprising:
an input for receiving data sets from a plurality of sensors, and an output for providing the fused data set or an information determined based on the fused data set. 15. A vehicle comprising the device as claimed in claim 14,
wherein the vehicle comprises the plurality of sensors mounted on the vehicle at a plurality of mounting positions and a control unit connected to the sensors, and wherein the control unit is configured to control the vehicle in dependence on at least one fused data set determined by the device. | A method of multi-sensor data fusion includes determining a plurality of first data sets using a plurality of sensors, each of the first data sets being associated with a respective one of a plurality of sensor coordinate systems, and each of the sensor coordinate systems being defined in dependence of a respective one of a plurality of mounting positions for the sensors; transforming the first data sets into a plurality of second data sets using a transformation rule, each of the second data sets being associated with a unified coordinate system, the unified coordinate system being defined in dependence of at least one predetermined reference point; and determining at least one fused data set by fusing the second data sets.1. A method of multi-sensor data fusion, the method comprising:
determining a plurality of first data sets using a plurality of sensors, each of the first data sets being associated with a respective one of a plurality of sensor coordinate systems, each of the sensor coordinate systems being defined in dependence on a respective one of a plurality of mounting positions of the sensors; transforming the first data sets into a plurality of second data sets using a transformation rule, each of the second data sets being associated with a unified coordinate system, the unified coordinate system being defined in dependence on at least one predetermined reference point; and determining at least one fused data set by fusing the second data sets. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the transformation rule comprises a plurality of predetermined coordinate transformations for transforming data values between the respective one of the sensor coordinate systems and the unified coordinate system, wherein the plurality of predetermined coordinate transformations are based on fixed relationships between the mounting positions and the at least one reference point, wherein the mounting positions and the at least one reference point are defined in dependence on a vehicle, and wherein the reference point is located on a predetermined part of the vehicle and the mounting positions are located at a plurality of parts of the vehicle. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the transformation rule comprises a mapping rule, the mapping rule includes
at least one definition of a plurality of first positions for the respective one of the sensor coordinate systems,
a definition of a plurality of second positions for the unified coordinate system, and
a mapping of each of the second positions to at least some of the first positions, and
wherein transforming a respective one of the first data sets comprises determining, for each of the second positions, a target value for the respective second data set on the basis of a plurality of source values of the respective first data set, the source values being located at first positions that are mapped to the respective second position according to the mapping rule. 4. The method as claimed in claim 3,
wherein the first positions correspond to cells of a first regular grid, the first regular grid being adapted to the respective one of the sensor coordinate systems, and/or wherein the second positions correspond to cells of a second regular grid, the second regular grid being adapted to the unified coordinate system. 5. The method as claimed in claim 3,
wherein the transformation rule comprises an interpolation rule, the interpolation rule being differentiable, wherein determining the target value comprises an interpolation from the source values, and wherein the interpolation is a bilinear interpolation. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the first data sets is associated with a sensor coordinate system that is a Polar coordinate system, and wherein the unified coordinate system is a Cartesian coordinate system. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein determining of the first data sets comprises:
acquiring a plurality of raw data sets using the plurality of sensors, and extracting the first data sets based on the raw data sets, wherein the first data sets are extracted from the raw data sets by at least one first neural network or portions of a first global neural network, wherein the at least one first neural network or the first global neural network is a first convolutional neural network. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1,
wherein, before the fusing, the second data sets are processed by at least one second neural network or portions of a second global neural network, wherein the at least one second neural network or the second global neural network is a second convolutional neural network, and wherein the at least one fused data set is processed to extract semantic information. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fused data set is used for automated control of a vehicle. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fusing comprises stacking together at least some of the second data sets and then further processing the at least some of the second data sets by a third convolutional neural network. 11. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second data sets are associated with a plurality of feature types, wherein the fusing comprises determining groups of the second data sets by stacking at least some of the second data sets or portions thereof per feature type, wherein each group of the second data sets is processed by at least one fourth neural network or portions of a fourth global neural network, wherein the at least one fourth neural network or the fourth global neural network is a fourth convolutional neural network. 12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the method or portions thereof are performed by a fifth neural network, comprising a fifth convolutional neural network. 13. A method for training a neural network for multi-sensor data fusion using a gradient-based training method, comprising the following steps:
processing a gradient by a plurality of neural networks or a plurality of portions of a neural network, and transforming the gradient between two adjacent ones of the neural networks or portions of the neural network using a predetermined transformation rule. 14. A device for multi-sensor data fusion configured to perform the method according to claim 1, the device comprising:
an input for receiving data sets from a plurality of sensors, and an output for providing the fused data set or an information determined based on the fused data set. 15. A vehicle comprising the device as claimed in claim 14,
wherein the vehicle comprises the plurality of sensors mounted on the vehicle at a plurality of mounting positions and a control unit connected to the sensors, and wherein the control unit is configured to control the vehicle in dependence on at least one fused data set determined by the device. | 2,800 |
341,016 | 16,801,301 | 3,733 | A golf bag includes a collapsible sub-assembly including a divider top and a base, a plurality of first snap-fit connectors provided around a portion of an outer perimeter of the divider top, and a flat having a divider top end opposite a base end, an interior side, and an exterior side. The flat includes a plurality of second snap-fit connectors provided along a portion of the divider top end. The flat attaches to the sub-assembly by mating snap-fit engagement of the plurality of first snap-fit connectors around the divider top with the plurality of second snap-fit connectors along the divider top end. | 1. A golf bag comprising:
a sub-assembly including a base, a flat, a divider top, and a leg mounting bracket coupled to the divider top; a stand assembly comprising a pair of legs coupled to a pair of leg end caps; a pair of pins, configured to couple the stand assembly to the sub-assembly; wherein:
the stand assembly is connected to the sub-assembly when the pair of leg end caps is coupled to the leg mounting bracket by the pair of pins;
the pair of pins comprises a first pin and a second pin;
the pair of legs comprise a first leg and a second leg;
the first leg pivots about a first pivot axis that extends through a center of the first pin;
the second leg pivots about a second pivot axis that extends through a center of the second pin. 2. The golf bag of claim 1, wherein:
the leg mounting bracket comprises a first leg anchor and a second leg anchor; and the first leg is pivotally coupled to the first leg anchor and the second leg is pivotally coupled to the second leg anchor. 3. The golf bag of claim 2, wherein the pair of pins provide a snap-fit connection between the pair of leg end caps and the first leg anchor and the second leg anchor. 4. The golf bag of claim 3, wherein:
a first leg anchor comprises a pair of slots and a pair of grooves; a first leg end cap of the pair of leg end caps comprises a pair of protrusions, the pair of protrusions having a pair of openings, each opening extending through each protrusion; the first leg anchor is configured to receive the first leg end cap; the pair of grooves is configured to receive the pair of protrusions; the pair of slots is aligned with the pair of openings when the pair of protrusions is received by the pair of grooves; the pair of slots and the pair of openings are configured to receive the first pin, such that the first pivot axis extends through a center of each slot and a center of each opening. 5. The golf bag of claim 4, wherein:
a second leg anchor comprises a second pair of slots and a second pair of grooves; a second leg end cap of the pair of leg end caps comprises a second pair of protrusions, the second pair of protrusions having a second pair of openings, each opening extending through each protrusion; the second leg anchor is configured to receive the second leg end cap; the second pair of grooves is configured to receive the second pair of protrusions; the second pair of slots is aligned with the second pair of openings when the second pair of protrusions is received by the second pair of grooves; the second pair of slots and the second pair of openings are configured to receive the second pin, such that the second pivot axis extends through a center of each slot and a center of each opening. 6. The golf bag of claim 2, wherein each slot of the pair of slots extends completely through the first leg anchor. 7. The golf bag of claim 2, wherein each slot of the pair of slots comprises a size that is approximately the same as a size of each opening of the pair of openings. 8. The golf bag of claim 1, wherein the leg mounting bracket is integrally formed with the divider top. 9. The golf bag of claim 1, wherein the leg mounting bracket is attached to the divider top by rivets. 10. The golf bag of claim 1, wherein the leg mounting bracket has a curved shape that compliments an outer ring of the divider top. 11. The golf bag of claim 1, wherein:
the stand assembly can take on a retracted configuration or an extended configuration; the legs are folded towards the base in the retracted configuration; and the legs are deployed away from the base in the extended configuration, to form a tripod that allows the golf bag to be placed in a free standing position. 12. The golf bag of claim 11, wherein:
the stand assembly further comprises a pair of springs, coupled respectively to the pair of legs; the pair of springs can further couple to the base and assist in extending the pair of legs to transition the stand assembly from the retracted configuration to the extended configuration. 13. The golf bag of claim 11, wherein when the stand assembly is disconnected from the sub-assembly, the sub-assembly is configured to be collapsible. 14. The golf bag of claim 1, further comprising a stay hingedly connected to the divider top. 15. The golf bag of claim 14, wherein the divider top is configured to pivot relative to the stay by up to 90 degrees. 16. The golf bag of claim 1, wherein the stay is hingedly connected to the base. 17. The golf bag of claim 16, wherein the base is configured to pivot relative to the stay by up to 90 degrees. 18. The golf bag of claim 1, further comprising at least one pocket removably attached to the flat. 19. The golf bag of claim 1, wherein the flat defines at least one aperture, the at least one aperture configured to receive one of the leg anchors. 20. The golf bag self-assembly kit comprising:
a box; a sub-assembly including a base, a flat, a divider top, and a leg mounting bracket coupled to the divider top; a stand assembly comprising a pair of legs coupled to a pair of leg end caps; a pair of pins, configured to couple the stand assembly to the sub-assembly; wherein: | A golf bag includes a collapsible sub-assembly including a divider top and a base, a plurality of first snap-fit connectors provided around a portion of an outer perimeter of the divider top, and a flat having a divider top end opposite a base end, an interior side, and an exterior side. The flat includes a plurality of second snap-fit connectors provided along a portion of the divider top end. The flat attaches to the sub-assembly by mating snap-fit engagement of the plurality of first snap-fit connectors around the divider top with the plurality of second snap-fit connectors along the divider top end.1. A golf bag comprising:
a sub-assembly including a base, a flat, a divider top, and a leg mounting bracket coupled to the divider top; a stand assembly comprising a pair of legs coupled to a pair of leg end caps; a pair of pins, configured to couple the stand assembly to the sub-assembly; wherein:
the stand assembly is connected to the sub-assembly when the pair of leg end caps is coupled to the leg mounting bracket by the pair of pins;
the pair of pins comprises a first pin and a second pin;
the pair of legs comprise a first leg and a second leg;
the first leg pivots about a first pivot axis that extends through a center of the first pin;
the second leg pivots about a second pivot axis that extends through a center of the second pin. 2. The golf bag of claim 1, wherein:
the leg mounting bracket comprises a first leg anchor and a second leg anchor; and the first leg is pivotally coupled to the first leg anchor and the second leg is pivotally coupled to the second leg anchor. 3. The golf bag of claim 2, wherein the pair of pins provide a snap-fit connection between the pair of leg end caps and the first leg anchor and the second leg anchor. 4. The golf bag of claim 3, wherein:
a first leg anchor comprises a pair of slots and a pair of grooves; a first leg end cap of the pair of leg end caps comprises a pair of protrusions, the pair of protrusions having a pair of openings, each opening extending through each protrusion; the first leg anchor is configured to receive the first leg end cap; the pair of grooves is configured to receive the pair of protrusions; the pair of slots is aligned with the pair of openings when the pair of protrusions is received by the pair of grooves; the pair of slots and the pair of openings are configured to receive the first pin, such that the first pivot axis extends through a center of each slot and a center of each opening. 5. The golf bag of claim 4, wherein:
a second leg anchor comprises a second pair of slots and a second pair of grooves; a second leg end cap of the pair of leg end caps comprises a second pair of protrusions, the second pair of protrusions having a second pair of openings, each opening extending through each protrusion; the second leg anchor is configured to receive the second leg end cap; the second pair of grooves is configured to receive the second pair of protrusions; the second pair of slots is aligned with the second pair of openings when the second pair of protrusions is received by the second pair of grooves; the second pair of slots and the second pair of openings are configured to receive the second pin, such that the second pivot axis extends through a center of each slot and a center of each opening. 6. The golf bag of claim 2, wherein each slot of the pair of slots extends completely through the first leg anchor. 7. The golf bag of claim 2, wherein each slot of the pair of slots comprises a size that is approximately the same as a size of each opening of the pair of openings. 8. The golf bag of claim 1, wherein the leg mounting bracket is integrally formed with the divider top. 9. The golf bag of claim 1, wherein the leg mounting bracket is attached to the divider top by rivets. 10. The golf bag of claim 1, wherein the leg mounting bracket has a curved shape that compliments an outer ring of the divider top. 11. The golf bag of claim 1, wherein:
the stand assembly can take on a retracted configuration or an extended configuration; the legs are folded towards the base in the retracted configuration; and the legs are deployed away from the base in the extended configuration, to form a tripod that allows the golf bag to be placed in a free standing position. 12. The golf bag of claim 11, wherein:
the stand assembly further comprises a pair of springs, coupled respectively to the pair of legs; the pair of springs can further couple to the base and assist in extending the pair of legs to transition the stand assembly from the retracted configuration to the extended configuration. 13. The golf bag of claim 11, wherein when the stand assembly is disconnected from the sub-assembly, the sub-assembly is configured to be collapsible. 14. The golf bag of claim 1, further comprising a stay hingedly connected to the divider top. 15. The golf bag of claim 14, wherein the divider top is configured to pivot relative to the stay by up to 90 degrees. 16. The golf bag of claim 1, wherein the stay is hingedly connected to the base. 17. The golf bag of claim 16, wherein the base is configured to pivot relative to the stay by up to 90 degrees. 18. The golf bag of claim 1, further comprising at least one pocket removably attached to the flat. 19. The golf bag of claim 1, wherein the flat defines at least one aperture, the at least one aperture configured to receive one of the leg anchors. 20. The golf bag self-assembly kit comprising:
a box; a sub-assembly including a base, a flat, a divider top, and a leg mounting bracket coupled to the divider top; a stand assembly comprising a pair of legs coupled to a pair of leg end caps; a pair of pins, configured to couple the stand assembly to the sub-assembly; wherein: | 3,700 |
341,017 | 16,801,306 | 3,733 | A light emission control device includes a first detection circuit, a second detection circuit, and a light emission control circuit. The first detection circuit detects a first potential difference that is a potential difference between both ends of a first resistor. The second detection circuit detects a second potential difference that is a potential difference between both ends of a second resistor. The light emission control circuit outputs a first control signal for controlling turning on/off of the first switching element and a second control signal for controlling turning on/off of the second switching element. The light emission control circuit performs a stop process of making at least one of the first control signal and the second control signal inactive, when the first potential difference is detected to be smaller than a first threshold value and the second potential difference is detected to be larger than a second threshold value. | 1. A light emission control device for controlling a first switching element and a second switching element of a light source circuit including a light emission element, a first resistor, and the first switching element provided in series between a first power source node and a first node, and an inductor, the second switching element, and a second resistor provided in series between the first node and a second power source node, the light emission control device comprising:
a first detection circuit detecting a first potential difference that is a potential difference between both ends of the first resistor; a second detection circuit detecting a second potential difference that is a potential difference between both ends of the second resistor; and a light emission control circuit outputting a first control signal for controlling turning on/off of the first switching element and a second control signal for controlling turning on/off of the second switching element, wherein the light emission control circuit performs a stop process of making at least one of the first control signal and the second control signal inactive, when the first detection circuit detects that the first potential difference is smaller than a first threshold value and the second detection circuit detects that the second potential difference is larger than a second threshold value. 2. The light emission control device according to claim 1, wherein
the light emission control circuit performs a restart process of increasing a current flowing through the second switching element after stopping the current, when the second detection circuit detects that the second potential difference is larger than the second threshold value. 3. The light emission control device according to claim 2, wherein
the light emission control circuit performs the stop process after the restart process. 4. The light emission control device according to claim 3, wherein
the light emission control circuit performs the stop process, when the first detection circuit detects that the first potential difference is smaller than the first threshold value and the second detection circuit detects that the second potential difference is larger than the second threshold value, after the restart process. 5. The light emission control device according to claim 3, wherein
the light emission control circuit performs the stop process when the restart process is performed a predetermined number of times of twice or more. 6. The light emission control device according to claim 1, wherein
the light emission control circuit determines that both ends of the first resistor are short-circuited, when the first detection circuit detects that the first potential difference is smaller than the first threshold value, and the second detection circuit detects that the second potential difference is larger than the second threshold value. 7. The light emission control device according to claim 1, wherein
the light emission control circuit determines that an overcurrent flows through the light emission element, when the first detection circuit detects that the first potential difference is larger than a third threshold value. 8. The light emission control device according to claim 1, wherein
the light emission control circuit determines that an overcurrent flows through the second switching element, when the second detection circuit detects that the second potential difference is larger than the second threshold value. 9. The light emission control device according to claim 1, wherein
the light emission control circuit includes a current detection circuit detecting a current flowing through the light emission element based on the first potential difference, the first detection circuit detects the first potential difference based on a current detection result of the current detection circuit, and the light emission control circuit performs PWM control on the second control signal based on the current detection result and the second potential difference. 10. A light source device comprising:
the light emission control device according to claim 1; and the light source circuit. 11. The light source device according to claim 10, wherein
the first resistor is coupled between the first power source node and one end of the light emission element, the first switching element is coupled between the other end of the light emission element and one end of the inductor, the second switching element is coupled between the other end of the inductor and one end of the second resistor, and the other end of the second resistor is coupled to the second power source node. 12. A projection-type video display apparatus comprising:
the light source device according to claim 10; and a processing device that controls the light source device. 13. A light emission control device for controlling a first switching element and a second switching element of a light source, the light source including a light emission element, a first resistor, and the first switching element provided in series between a first power source node and a first node, and an inductor, the second switching element, and a second resistor provided in series between the first node and a second power source node, the light emission control device comprising:
a first detection circuit detecting a first potential difference that is difference between a potential of one end of the first transistor and a potential of another end of the first transistor; a second detection circuit detecting a second potential difference that is difference between a potential of one end of the second transistor and a potential of another end of the second transistor; and a light emission control circuit outputting a first control signal for controlling the first switching element and a second control signal for controlling the second switching element, wherein the light emission control circuit performs a stop process of making at least one of the first control signal and the second control signal inactive, when the first detection circuit detects that the first potential difference is smaller than a first threshold value and the second detection circuit detects that the second potential difference is larger than a second threshold value. | A light emission control device includes a first detection circuit, a second detection circuit, and a light emission control circuit. The first detection circuit detects a first potential difference that is a potential difference between both ends of a first resistor. The second detection circuit detects a second potential difference that is a potential difference between both ends of a second resistor. The light emission control circuit outputs a first control signal for controlling turning on/off of the first switching element and a second control signal for controlling turning on/off of the second switching element. The light emission control circuit performs a stop process of making at least one of the first control signal and the second control signal inactive, when the first potential difference is detected to be smaller than a first threshold value and the second potential difference is detected to be larger than a second threshold value.1. A light emission control device for controlling a first switching element and a second switching element of a light source circuit including a light emission element, a first resistor, and the first switching element provided in series between a first power source node and a first node, and an inductor, the second switching element, and a second resistor provided in series between the first node and a second power source node, the light emission control device comprising:
a first detection circuit detecting a first potential difference that is a potential difference between both ends of the first resistor; a second detection circuit detecting a second potential difference that is a potential difference between both ends of the second resistor; and a light emission control circuit outputting a first control signal for controlling turning on/off of the first switching element and a second control signal for controlling turning on/off of the second switching element, wherein the light emission control circuit performs a stop process of making at least one of the first control signal and the second control signal inactive, when the first detection circuit detects that the first potential difference is smaller than a first threshold value and the second detection circuit detects that the second potential difference is larger than a second threshold value. 2. The light emission control device according to claim 1, wherein
the light emission control circuit performs a restart process of increasing a current flowing through the second switching element after stopping the current, when the second detection circuit detects that the second potential difference is larger than the second threshold value. 3. The light emission control device according to claim 2, wherein
the light emission control circuit performs the stop process after the restart process. 4. The light emission control device according to claim 3, wherein
the light emission control circuit performs the stop process, when the first detection circuit detects that the first potential difference is smaller than the first threshold value and the second detection circuit detects that the second potential difference is larger than the second threshold value, after the restart process. 5. The light emission control device according to claim 3, wherein
the light emission control circuit performs the stop process when the restart process is performed a predetermined number of times of twice or more. 6. The light emission control device according to claim 1, wherein
the light emission control circuit determines that both ends of the first resistor are short-circuited, when the first detection circuit detects that the first potential difference is smaller than the first threshold value, and the second detection circuit detects that the second potential difference is larger than the second threshold value. 7. The light emission control device according to claim 1, wherein
the light emission control circuit determines that an overcurrent flows through the light emission element, when the first detection circuit detects that the first potential difference is larger than a third threshold value. 8. The light emission control device according to claim 1, wherein
the light emission control circuit determines that an overcurrent flows through the second switching element, when the second detection circuit detects that the second potential difference is larger than the second threshold value. 9. The light emission control device according to claim 1, wherein
the light emission control circuit includes a current detection circuit detecting a current flowing through the light emission element based on the first potential difference, the first detection circuit detects the first potential difference based on a current detection result of the current detection circuit, and the light emission control circuit performs PWM control on the second control signal based on the current detection result and the second potential difference. 10. A light source device comprising:
the light emission control device according to claim 1; and the light source circuit. 11. The light source device according to claim 10, wherein
the first resistor is coupled between the first power source node and one end of the light emission element, the first switching element is coupled between the other end of the light emission element and one end of the inductor, the second switching element is coupled between the other end of the inductor and one end of the second resistor, and the other end of the second resistor is coupled to the second power source node. 12. A projection-type video display apparatus comprising:
the light source device according to claim 10; and a processing device that controls the light source device. 13. A light emission control device for controlling a first switching element and a second switching element of a light source, the light source including a light emission element, a first resistor, and the first switching element provided in series between a first power source node and a first node, and an inductor, the second switching element, and a second resistor provided in series between the first node and a second power source node, the light emission control device comprising:
a first detection circuit detecting a first potential difference that is difference between a potential of one end of the first transistor and a potential of another end of the first transistor; a second detection circuit detecting a second potential difference that is difference between a potential of one end of the second transistor and a potential of another end of the second transistor; and a light emission control circuit outputting a first control signal for controlling the first switching element and a second control signal for controlling the second switching element, wherein the light emission control circuit performs a stop process of making at least one of the first control signal and the second control signal inactive, when the first detection circuit detects that the first potential difference is smaller than a first threshold value and the second detection circuit detects that the second potential difference is larger than a second threshold value. | 3,700 |
341,018 | 16,801,264 | 3,733 | A battery state estimating apparatus as an embodiment of the present invention includes a state estimator, a power estimator, and a determiner. The state estimator estimates a state of a battery. The power estimator estimates first power amount charged/discharged by the battery within a charging/discharging period, based on the state. The determiner compares the first power amount with second power amount inputted/outputted to/from the battery within the charging/discharging period and thereby determines validity of the state. | 1. A battery state estimating apparatus comprising:
a state estimator configured to estimate a state of a battery; a power estimator configured to estimate first power amount charged/discharged by the battery within a charging/discharging period, based on the state; and a determiner configured to compare the first power amount with second power amount inputted/outputted to/from the battery within the charging/discharging period and thereby determine validity of the state. 2. The battery state estimating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the state estimator calculates one or more parameters that represent the state based on first measurement data that represents at least a voltage and a current of the battery within the charging/discharging period; and the state estimator estimates the first power amount based on any of the parameters. 3. The battery state estimating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein:
the state estimator calculates a first graph that represents a relationship between a charge amount and a voltage of the battery, based on any of the parameters; and the power estimator calculates the first power amount based on the first graph. 4. The battery state estimating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein:
the state estimator calculates an initial charge amount and mass of each of positive electrode and negative electrode of the battery based on the first measurement data; the state estimator calculates a second graph that represents a relationship between the charge amount and an open circuit voltage of the battery, based on the calculated initial charge amount and mass of each of the positive electrode and negative electrode of the battery; and the state estimator calculates the first graph based on the second graph. 5. The battery state estimating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the determiner calculates the second power amount based on second measurement data on an alternating current inputted/outputted to/from a converter that converts an alternating current to a direct current. 6. The battery state estimating apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the determiner determines a malfunction of the battery or the converter based on a determination result of the validity. 7. A battery state estimating method comprising:
estimating a state of a battery; estimating first power amount charged/discharged by the battery within a charging/discharging period, based on the state; and comparing the first power amount with second power amount inputted/outputted to/from the battery within the charging/discharging period and thereby determining validity of the state. 8. A non-transitory computer readable medium having a program for causing a computer to execute:
estimating a state of a battery; estimating first power amount charged/discharged by the battery within a charging/discharging period, based on the state; and comparing the first power amount with second power amount inputted/outputted to/from the battery within the charging/discharging period and thereby determining validity of the state. 9. A control circuit comprising:
a state estimator configured to estimate a state of a battery; a power estimator configured to estimate first power amount charged/discharged by the battery within a charging/discharging period, based on the state; and a determiner configured to compare the first power amount with second power amount inputted/outputted to/from the battery within the charging/discharging period and thereby determine validity of the state. 10. A power storage system comprising:
a battery; a battery state estimating apparatus configured to estimate a state of a battery; a converter configured to convert a direct current to an alternating current; and an alternating current measuring apparatus configured to measure an alternating current inputted/outputted to/from the converter, wherein the battery state estimating apparatus includes:
a state estimator configured to estimate a state of the battery,
a power estimator configured to estimate first power amount charged/discharged by the battery within a charging/discharging period, based on the state, and
a determiner configured to compare the first power amount with second power amount of the alternating current inputted/outputted to/from the converter within the charging/discharging period and thereby determine validity of the state. | A battery state estimating apparatus as an embodiment of the present invention includes a state estimator, a power estimator, and a determiner. The state estimator estimates a state of a battery. The power estimator estimates first power amount charged/discharged by the battery within a charging/discharging period, based on the state. The determiner compares the first power amount with second power amount inputted/outputted to/from the battery within the charging/discharging period and thereby determines validity of the state.1. A battery state estimating apparatus comprising:
a state estimator configured to estimate a state of a battery; a power estimator configured to estimate first power amount charged/discharged by the battery within a charging/discharging period, based on the state; and a determiner configured to compare the first power amount with second power amount inputted/outputted to/from the battery within the charging/discharging period and thereby determine validity of the state. 2. The battery state estimating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
the state estimator calculates one or more parameters that represent the state based on first measurement data that represents at least a voltage and a current of the battery within the charging/discharging period; and the state estimator estimates the first power amount based on any of the parameters. 3. The battery state estimating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein:
the state estimator calculates a first graph that represents a relationship between a charge amount and a voltage of the battery, based on any of the parameters; and the power estimator calculates the first power amount based on the first graph. 4. The battery state estimating apparatus according to claim 3, wherein:
the state estimator calculates an initial charge amount and mass of each of positive electrode and negative electrode of the battery based on the first measurement data; the state estimator calculates a second graph that represents a relationship between the charge amount and an open circuit voltage of the battery, based on the calculated initial charge amount and mass of each of the positive electrode and negative electrode of the battery; and the state estimator calculates the first graph based on the second graph. 5. The battery state estimating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the determiner calculates the second power amount based on second measurement data on an alternating current inputted/outputted to/from a converter that converts an alternating current to a direct current. 6. The battery state estimating apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the determiner determines a malfunction of the battery or the converter based on a determination result of the validity. 7. A battery state estimating method comprising:
estimating a state of a battery; estimating first power amount charged/discharged by the battery within a charging/discharging period, based on the state; and comparing the first power amount with second power amount inputted/outputted to/from the battery within the charging/discharging period and thereby determining validity of the state. 8. A non-transitory computer readable medium having a program for causing a computer to execute:
estimating a state of a battery; estimating first power amount charged/discharged by the battery within a charging/discharging period, based on the state; and comparing the first power amount with second power amount inputted/outputted to/from the battery within the charging/discharging period and thereby determining validity of the state. 9. A control circuit comprising:
a state estimator configured to estimate a state of a battery; a power estimator configured to estimate first power amount charged/discharged by the battery within a charging/discharging period, based on the state; and a determiner configured to compare the first power amount with second power amount inputted/outputted to/from the battery within the charging/discharging period and thereby determine validity of the state. 10. A power storage system comprising:
a battery; a battery state estimating apparatus configured to estimate a state of a battery; a converter configured to convert a direct current to an alternating current; and an alternating current measuring apparatus configured to measure an alternating current inputted/outputted to/from the converter, wherein the battery state estimating apparatus includes:
a state estimator configured to estimate a state of the battery,
a power estimator configured to estimate first power amount charged/discharged by the battery within a charging/discharging period, based on the state, and
a determiner configured to compare the first power amount with second power amount of the alternating current inputted/outputted to/from the converter within the charging/discharging period and thereby determine validity of the state. | 3,700 |
341,019 | 16,801,282 | 3,733 | An optical-pumping magnetometer intended to measure an ambient magnetic field. It comprises: an arrangement for illuminating a cell filled with an atomic gas with a pump beam and an AC Stark effect beam propagating collinearly or almost collinearly in the cell, the pump beam being tuned to an atomic transition line, modulated by a first modulator by way of a first modulation frequency (fm1) and polarised linearly in a polarisation direction that can be turned by a polarisation rotator, the AC Stark effect beam being offset from the atomic transition line, modulated by a second modulator by way of a second modulation frequency (fm2) and polarised circularly, a first control circuit acting on the polarisation rotator in order to keep a constant angle (β) between the polarisation direction of the pump beam and the ambient magnetic field, a second control circuit acting on the first and second modulator in order to keep the first and second modulation frequency at the Larmor frequency of the atomic gas or at one of the harmonics thereof. | 1. An optically-pumped magnetometer intended to measure an ambient magnetic field, comprising:
means for illuminating a cell filled with an atomic gas with a pump beam and an AC Stark effect beam, the pump beam being tuned to an atomic transition line, modulated by a first modulator at a first modulation frequency and linearly polarised in a polarisation direction that can be turned by a polarisation rotator, the AC Stark effect beam being offset from the atomic transition line, modulated by a second modulator at a second modulation frequency and polarised circularly, a first control circuit acting on the polarisation rotator in order to keep a constant angle between the polarisation direction of the pump beam and the ambient magnetic field, a second control circuit acting on the first and second modulator in order to keep the first and second modulation frequency at the Larmor frequency of the atomic gas or at one of the harmonics thereof. 2. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 1, wherein the pump beam and the AC Stark effect beam propagate collinearly in the cell. 3. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 2, wherein said means for illuminating the cell comprise an assembly of linear polarisation maintenance fibres in which the pump beam and the AC Stark effect beam are injected and a collimator at the output of said assembly for collimating the pump beam and the AC Stark effect beam in the direction of the cell. 4. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 3, wherein the pump beam and the AC Stark effect beam have in said assembly parallel propagation directions and polarisation directions forming an angle of 45° between them. 5. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 4, wherein said means for illuminating the cell further comprise a quarter-wave plate interposed between the collimator and the cell, neutral axes of the quarter-wave plate being at 45° from the linear polarisation direction of the AC Stark effect beam in said assembly. 6. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 5, wherein the polarisation rotator is interposed between the quarter-wave plate and the cell. 7. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 1, wherein the pump beam and the AC Stark effect beam propagate in opposite directions in the cell. 8. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 7, wherein the pump beam and the AC Stark effect beam have in the cell propagation directions forming between them a non-zero angle of less than 3°. 9. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 1, wherein the first modulator performs an intensity or polarisation modulation of the pump beam and the first modulation frequency is slaved to twice the Larmor frequency. 10. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 1, wherein the first modulator performs a wavelength modulation of the pump beam. 11. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 10, wherein the pump beam is tuned to the centre of the atomic transition line and the first modulation frequency is slaved to the Larmor frequency. 12. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 10, wherein the pump beam is tuned to half-way up the atomic transition line and the first modulation frequency is slaved to twice the Larmor frequency. 13. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 1, wherein the second modulator performs an intensity modulation of the AC Stark effect beam and the second modulation frequency is slaved to the Larmor frequency. 14. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 1, wherein the first control circuit performs a synchronous detection at the Larmor frequency and the second control circuit performs a synchronous detection at twice the Larmor frequency. | An optical-pumping magnetometer intended to measure an ambient magnetic field. It comprises: an arrangement for illuminating a cell filled with an atomic gas with a pump beam and an AC Stark effect beam propagating collinearly or almost collinearly in the cell, the pump beam being tuned to an atomic transition line, modulated by a first modulator by way of a first modulation frequency (fm1) and polarised linearly in a polarisation direction that can be turned by a polarisation rotator, the AC Stark effect beam being offset from the atomic transition line, modulated by a second modulator by way of a second modulation frequency (fm2) and polarised circularly, a first control circuit acting on the polarisation rotator in order to keep a constant angle (β) between the polarisation direction of the pump beam and the ambient magnetic field, a second control circuit acting on the first and second modulator in order to keep the first and second modulation frequency at the Larmor frequency of the atomic gas or at one of the harmonics thereof.1. An optically-pumped magnetometer intended to measure an ambient magnetic field, comprising:
means for illuminating a cell filled with an atomic gas with a pump beam and an AC Stark effect beam, the pump beam being tuned to an atomic transition line, modulated by a first modulator at a first modulation frequency and linearly polarised in a polarisation direction that can be turned by a polarisation rotator, the AC Stark effect beam being offset from the atomic transition line, modulated by a second modulator at a second modulation frequency and polarised circularly, a first control circuit acting on the polarisation rotator in order to keep a constant angle between the polarisation direction of the pump beam and the ambient magnetic field, a second control circuit acting on the first and second modulator in order to keep the first and second modulation frequency at the Larmor frequency of the atomic gas or at one of the harmonics thereof. 2. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 1, wherein the pump beam and the AC Stark effect beam propagate collinearly in the cell. 3. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 2, wherein said means for illuminating the cell comprise an assembly of linear polarisation maintenance fibres in which the pump beam and the AC Stark effect beam are injected and a collimator at the output of said assembly for collimating the pump beam and the AC Stark effect beam in the direction of the cell. 4. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 3, wherein the pump beam and the AC Stark effect beam have in said assembly parallel propagation directions and polarisation directions forming an angle of 45° between them. 5. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 4, wherein said means for illuminating the cell further comprise a quarter-wave plate interposed between the collimator and the cell, neutral axes of the quarter-wave plate being at 45° from the linear polarisation direction of the AC Stark effect beam in said assembly. 6. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 5, wherein the polarisation rotator is interposed between the quarter-wave plate and the cell. 7. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 1, wherein the pump beam and the AC Stark effect beam propagate in opposite directions in the cell. 8. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 7, wherein the pump beam and the AC Stark effect beam have in the cell propagation directions forming between them a non-zero angle of less than 3°. 9. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 1, wherein the first modulator performs an intensity or polarisation modulation of the pump beam and the first modulation frequency is slaved to twice the Larmor frequency. 10. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 1, wherein the first modulator performs a wavelength modulation of the pump beam. 11. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 10, wherein the pump beam is tuned to the centre of the atomic transition line and the first modulation frequency is slaved to the Larmor frequency. 12. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 10, wherein the pump beam is tuned to half-way up the atomic transition line and the first modulation frequency is slaved to twice the Larmor frequency. 13. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 1, wherein the second modulator performs an intensity modulation of the AC Stark effect beam and the second modulation frequency is slaved to the Larmor frequency. 14. The optically-pumped magnetometer according to claim 1, wherein the first control circuit performs a synchronous detection at the Larmor frequency and the second control circuit performs a synchronous detection at twice the Larmor frequency. | 3,700 |
341,020 | 16,801,288 | 3,733 | A pixel array includes a plurality of pixels. Each of the pixels includes a photoelectric element formed on a substrate and that generates charge from light, and a pixel circuit formed between the photoelectric element and the substrate and that outputs a digital signal value based on an amount of the generated charge. The pixel circuit includes a floating diffusion formed in the substrate and that stores the charge therein, a vertical pixel electrode that connects the floating diffusion to the photoelectric element and extends in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, an analog-to-digital converter that converts an electric potential of the floating diffusion into the digital signal value, and a memory element that stores the digital signal value. | 1. A pixel array comprising a plurality of pixels, wherein each of the plurality of pixels comprises:
a photoelectric element formed on a substrate and configured to generate charge from light; and a pixel circuit formed between the photoelectric element and the substrate, and configured to output a digital signal value based on an amount of the generated charge, wherein the pixel circuit comprises a floating diffusion formed in the substrate and configured to store the charge therein, a vertical pixel electrode configured to connect the floating diffusion to the photoelectric element, the vertical pixel electrode extending in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, an analog-to-digital converter configured to convert an electric potential of the floating diffusion into the digital signal value, and a memory element configured to store the digital signal value. 2. The pixel array of claim 1, wherein the photoelectric element is any one of a quantum dot photodiode, an organic photoconductive film, and a perovskite photodiode, and does not include silicon material. 3. The pixel array of claim 1, wherein the vertical pixel electrode comprises a metal material. 4. The pixel array of claim 1, wherein the memory element is located at a same level as at least a portion of the vertical pixel electrode. 5. The pixel array of claim 1, wherein the pixel circuit further comprises a reset transistor including the floating diffusion as one electrode, the reset transistor being configured to provide a reset potential to the floating diffusion during a reset operation,
wherein the memory element is formed at a same level as the reset transistor. 6. The pixel array of claim 1, wherein the pixel circuit further comprises a reset transistor including the floating diffusion as one electrode, the reset transistor being configured to provide a reset potential to the floating diffusion during a reset operation,
wherein the analog-to-digital converter converts the reset potential into a digital reset value during the reset operation. 7. The pixel array of claim 6, wherein the memory element is configured to store a value corresponding to the digital reset value during the reset operation. 8. An image sensor comprising a pixel array including pixels arranged in a matrix form in a plurality of row lines and a plurality of column lines, wherein each of the pixels comprises:
a photoelectric element configured to generate charge in proportion to intensity of incident light; and a pixel circuit, the pixel circuit comprising a floating diffusion formed in a substrate, shorted with the photoelectric element, and configured to store the charge therein, a reset transistor configured to provide a reset potential to the floating diffusion during a reset operation, an analog-to-digital converter configured to generate a digital reset value based on the reset potential during the reset operation, and a memory element configured to store the digital reset value during the reset operation. 9. The image sensor of claim 8, wherein a transistor is not located between the floating diffusion and the photoelectric element. 10. The image sensor of claim 8, wherein the floating diffusion is connected to the photoelectric element by a conductive interconnection comprising a metal material. 11. The image sensor of claim 8, wherein the pixel circuit further comprises a driver transistor configured to generate a signal potential according to an electric potential of the floating diffusion, and
wherein the analog-to-digital converter is configured to convert the signal potential into a digital signal value during a sampling operation. 12. The image sensor of claim 11, wherein the memory element is configured to store the digital signal value during the sampling operation. 13. The image sensor of claim 12, further comprising:
a row driver configured to drive all the row lines during each of a first frame period and a second frame period that is subsequent to the first frame period; and a readout circuit configured to read the digital reset value and the digital signal value from the memory element. 14. The image sensor of claim 13, wherein the pixels comprise a first pixel, and wherein the readout circuit is configured to compare a digital reset value of the first frame period of the first pixel with a digital signal value of the second frame period of the first pixel. 15. The image sensor of claim 8, wherein the photoelectric element is any one of a quantum dot photodiode, an organic photoconductive film, and a perovskite photodiode, and does not include silicon material. 16. The image sensor of claim 8, wherein the memory element is any one of a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a static RAM (SRAM), a phase-change RAM (PRAM), a spin transfer torque-magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM), and a resistive RAM (ReRAM). 17. An image sensor comprising:
a pixel array comprising pixels arranged in a matrix form in a plurality of row lines and a plurality of column lines; a sensor circuit configured to drive the pixel array; and an image processor configured to control the sensor circuit and generate an image, wherein each of the pixels comprises a photoelectric element configured to generate charge in proportion to intensity of incident light, and a pixel circuit, wherein the pixel circuit comprises a floating diffusion formed in a substrate and configured to store the charge generated by the photoelectric element therein, a vertical pixel electrode configured to connect the photoelectric element to the floating diffusion, a reset transistor configured to provide a reset potential to the floating diffusion during a reset operation, a driver transistor configured to generate a signal potential according to an electric potential of the floating diffusion, an analog-to-digital converter configured to convert the signal potential into a digital signal value during a sampling operation and generate a digital reset value based on the reset potential during the reset operation, and a memory element configured to store the digital signal value during the sampling operation and store the digital reset value during the reset operation. 18. The image sensor of claim 17, further comprising:
a row driver configured to drive all the row lines during each of a first frame period and a second frame period that is subsequent to the first frame period; and a readout circuit configured to read the digital reset value and the digital signal value from the memory element. 19. The image sensor of claim 18, wherein the pixels comprise a first pixel, and wherein the readout circuit compares a digital reset value of the first frame period of the first pixel with a digital signal value of the second frame period of the first pixel. 20. The image sensor of claim 17, wherein the vertical pixel electrode comprises a metal material. | A pixel array includes a plurality of pixels. Each of the pixels includes a photoelectric element formed on a substrate and that generates charge from light, and a pixel circuit formed between the photoelectric element and the substrate and that outputs a digital signal value based on an amount of the generated charge. The pixel circuit includes a floating diffusion formed in the substrate and that stores the charge therein, a vertical pixel electrode that connects the floating diffusion to the photoelectric element and extends in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, an analog-to-digital converter that converts an electric potential of the floating diffusion into the digital signal value, and a memory element that stores the digital signal value.1. A pixel array comprising a plurality of pixels, wherein each of the plurality of pixels comprises:
a photoelectric element formed on a substrate and configured to generate charge from light; and a pixel circuit formed between the photoelectric element and the substrate, and configured to output a digital signal value based on an amount of the generated charge, wherein the pixel circuit comprises a floating diffusion formed in the substrate and configured to store the charge therein, a vertical pixel electrode configured to connect the floating diffusion to the photoelectric element, the vertical pixel electrode extending in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, an analog-to-digital converter configured to convert an electric potential of the floating diffusion into the digital signal value, and a memory element configured to store the digital signal value. 2. The pixel array of claim 1, wherein the photoelectric element is any one of a quantum dot photodiode, an organic photoconductive film, and a perovskite photodiode, and does not include silicon material. 3. The pixel array of claim 1, wherein the vertical pixel electrode comprises a metal material. 4. The pixel array of claim 1, wherein the memory element is located at a same level as at least a portion of the vertical pixel electrode. 5. The pixel array of claim 1, wherein the pixel circuit further comprises a reset transistor including the floating diffusion as one electrode, the reset transistor being configured to provide a reset potential to the floating diffusion during a reset operation,
wherein the memory element is formed at a same level as the reset transistor. 6. The pixel array of claim 1, wherein the pixel circuit further comprises a reset transistor including the floating diffusion as one electrode, the reset transistor being configured to provide a reset potential to the floating diffusion during a reset operation,
wherein the analog-to-digital converter converts the reset potential into a digital reset value during the reset operation. 7. The pixel array of claim 6, wherein the memory element is configured to store a value corresponding to the digital reset value during the reset operation. 8. An image sensor comprising a pixel array including pixels arranged in a matrix form in a plurality of row lines and a plurality of column lines, wherein each of the pixels comprises:
a photoelectric element configured to generate charge in proportion to intensity of incident light; and a pixel circuit, the pixel circuit comprising a floating diffusion formed in a substrate, shorted with the photoelectric element, and configured to store the charge therein, a reset transistor configured to provide a reset potential to the floating diffusion during a reset operation, an analog-to-digital converter configured to generate a digital reset value based on the reset potential during the reset operation, and a memory element configured to store the digital reset value during the reset operation. 9. The image sensor of claim 8, wherein a transistor is not located between the floating diffusion and the photoelectric element. 10. The image sensor of claim 8, wherein the floating diffusion is connected to the photoelectric element by a conductive interconnection comprising a metal material. 11. The image sensor of claim 8, wherein the pixel circuit further comprises a driver transistor configured to generate a signal potential according to an electric potential of the floating diffusion, and
wherein the analog-to-digital converter is configured to convert the signal potential into a digital signal value during a sampling operation. 12. The image sensor of claim 11, wherein the memory element is configured to store the digital signal value during the sampling operation. 13. The image sensor of claim 12, further comprising:
a row driver configured to drive all the row lines during each of a first frame period and a second frame period that is subsequent to the first frame period; and a readout circuit configured to read the digital reset value and the digital signal value from the memory element. 14. The image sensor of claim 13, wherein the pixels comprise a first pixel, and wherein the readout circuit is configured to compare a digital reset value of the first frame period of the first pixel with a digital signal value of the second frame period of the first pixel. 15. The image sensor of claim 8, wherein the photoelectric element is any one of a quantum dot photodiode, an organic photoconductive film, and a perovskite photodiode, and does not include silicon material. 16. The image sensor of claim 8, wherein the memory element is any one of a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a static RAM (SRAM), a phase-change RAM (PRAM), a spin transfer torque-magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM), and a resistive RAM (ReRAM). 17. An image sensor comprising:
a pixel array comprising pixels arranged in a matrix form in a plurality of row lines and a plurality of column lines; a sensor circuit configured to drive the pixel array; and an image processor configured to control the sensor circuit and generate an image, wherein each of the pixels comprises a photoelectric element configured to generate charge in proportion to intensity of incident light, and a pixel circuit, wherein the pixel circuit comprises a floating diffusion formed in a substrate and configured to store the charge generated by the photoelectric element therein, a vertical pixel electrode configured to connect the photoelectric element to the floating diffusion, a reset transistor configured to provide a reset potential to the floating diffusion during a reset operation, a driver transistor configured to generate a signal potential according to an electric potential of the floating diffusion, an analog-to-digital converter configured to convert the signal potential into a digital signal value during a sampling operation and generate a digital reset value based on the reset potential during the reset operation, and a memory element configured to store the digital signal value during the sampling operation and store the digital reset value during the reset operation. 18. The image sensor of claim 17, further comprising:
a row driver configured to drive all the row lines during each of a first frame period and a second frame period that is subsequent to the first frame period; and a readout circuit configured to read the digital reset value and the digital signal value from the memory element. 19. The image sensor of claim 18, wherein the pixels comprise a first pixel, and wherein the readout circuit compares a digital reset value of the first frame period of the first pixel with a digital signal value of the second frame period of the first pixel. 20. The image sensor of claim 17, wherein the vertical pixel electrode comprises a metal material. | 3,700 |
341,021 | 16,801,300 | 3,632 | A signaling device for defining a space between parked vehicles. The signaling device comprises a vehicle attachment component, an extendable component, and a warning component. The vehicle attachment component is configured to engage a vehicle window. The extendable component comprises rotatable and telescoping arms for defining the space between the vehicles when the rotatable and telescoping arms are extended. The warning component alerts others of the defined space. A method of using the signaling device to define a space between parked vehicles is also disclosed. | 1. A signaling device for use with a vehicle, the signaling device comprising:
a vehicle attachment component; an extendable component pivotally connected to the vehicle attachment component; and; a warning component attached to the extendable component. 2. The signaling device of claim 1, wherein the vehicle attachment component is attachable to a window of the vehicle. 3. The signaling device of claim 1, wherein the extendable component is at least partially telescoping. 4. The signaling device of claim 1, wherein the extendable component rotates horizontally away from the vehicle. 5. The signaling device of claim 1, wherein the warning component comprises at least one visual indicator. 6. The signaling device of claim 1, wherein the warning component is a flag. 7. A signaling device for use with a vehicle, the signaling device comprising:
a vehicle attachment component; an extendable component pivotally connected to the vehicle attachment component, the extendable component comprising a first arm and a second arm pivotally connected to the first arm; and; a warning component attached to the second arm of the extendable component. 8. The signaling device of claim 7, wherein the vehicle attachment component comprises a slot. 9. The signaling device of claim 8, wherein the slot comprises a window engaging element. 10. The signaling device of claim 7, wherein the vehicle attachment component comprises a swivel connector for connecting the vehicle component to the first arm. 11. The signaling device of claim 7, wherein the first arm is a fixed length. 12. The signaling device of claim 7, wherein the first arm rotates perpendicularly outward from the vehicle attachment component. 13. The signaling device of claim 7, wherein the first arm and the second arm are pivotally connected via a second swivel connector. 14. The signaling device of claim 7, wherein the second arm rotates outward approximately 180 degrees from the first arm. 15. The signaling device of claim 7, wherein the second arm comprises a plurality of telescoping sections. 16. The signaling device of claim 7, wherein the warning component comprises at least one visual indicator. 17. The signaling device of claim 16, wherein the at least one visual indicator is pictorial. 18. The signaling device of claim 16, wherein the at least one visual indicator is reflective. 19. A method of defining a space between parked vehicles comprising the steps of:
installing a signaling device between a window and a window frame of a vehicle; rotating a first arm of an extendable component of the signaling device approximately 90 degrees outward; and rotating a second arm of the extendable component approximately 180 degrees from the first arm. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the signaling device further comprises a warning component configured to alert a second vehicle not to park too close to the vehicle when the signaling assembly is deployed. | A signaling device for defining a space between parked vehicles. The signaling device comprises a vehicle attachment component, an extendable component, and a warning component. The vehicle attachment component is configured to engage a vehicle window. The extendable component comprises rotatable and telescoping arms for defining the space between the vehicles when the rotatable and telescoping arms are extended. The warning component alerts others of the defined space. A method of using the signaling device to define a space between parked vehicles is also disclosed.1. A signaling device for use with a vehicle, the signaling device comprising:
a vehicle attachment component; an extendable component pivotally connected to the vehicle attachment component; and; a warning component attached to the extendable component. 2. The signaling device of claim 1, wherein the vehicle attachment component is attachable to a window of the vehicle. 3. The signaling device of claim 1, wherein the extendable component is at least partially telescoping. 4. The signaling device of claim 1, wherein the extendable component rotates horizontally away from the vehicle. 5. The signaling device of claim 1, wherein the warning component comprises at least one visual indicator. 6. The signaling device of claim 1, wherein the warning component is a flag. 7. A signaling device for use with a vehicle, the signaling device comprising:
a vehicle attachment component; an extendable component pivotally connected to the vehicle attachment component, the extendable component comprising a first arm and a second arm pivotally connected to the first arm; and; a warning component attached to the second arm of the extendable component. 8. The signaling device of claim 7, wherein the vehicle attachment component comprises a slot. 9. The signaling device of claim 8, wherein the slot comprises a window engaging element. 10. The signaling device of claim 7, wherein the vehicle attachment component comprises a swivel connector for connecting the vehicle component to the first arm. 11. The signaling device of claim 7, wherein the first arm is a fixed length. 12. The signaling device of claim 7, wherein the first arm rotates perpendicularly outward from the vehicle attachment component. 13. The signaling device of claim 7, wherein the first arm and the second arm are pivotally connected via a second swivel connector. 14. The signaling device of claim 7, wherein the second arm rotates outward approximately 180 degrees from the first arm. 15. The signaling device of claim 7, wherein the second arm comprises a plurality of telescoping sections. 16. The signaling device of claim 7, wherein the warning component comprises at least one visual indicator. 17. The signaling device of claim 16, wherein the at least one visual indicator is pictorial. 18. The signaling device of claim 16, wherein the at least one visual indicator is reflective. 19. A method of defining a space between parked vehicles comprising the steps of:
installing a signaling device between a window and a window frame of a vehicle; rotating a first arm of an extendable component of the signaling device approximately 90 degrees outward; and rotating a second arm of the extendable component approximately 180 degrees from the first arm. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the signaling device further comprises a warning component configured to alert a second vehicle not to park too close to the vehicle when the signaling assembly is deployed. | 3,600 |
341,022 | 16,801,291 | 3,632 | Aspects of the invention include receiving a request from an initiator channel on an initiator node to initiate a secure communication with a responder channel on a responder node. The receiving is at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the initiator node. A security association is created at the LKM between the initiator node and the responder node. An identifier of a shared key assigned for communication between the initiator node and the responder node is obtained, and a message requesting initialization of the secure communication between the initiator channel and the responder channel is built. The message includes the identifier of the shared key. The message is sent to the initiator channel. | 1. A computer program product for facilitating processing in a computing environment, the computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage medium readable by one or more processing circuits and storing instructions for performing operations comprising:
receiving a request from an initiator channel on an initiator node to initiate a secure communication with a responder channel on a responder node, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the initiator node;
creating a security association at the LKM between the initiator node and the responder node;
obtaining an identifier of a shared key assigned for communication between the initiator node and the responder node;
building a message requesting initialization of the secure communication between the initiator channel and the responder channel, the message comprising the identifier of the shared key; and
sending the message to the initiator channel. 2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise the initiator channel sending the message to the responder channel. 3. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the sending the message to the responder channel is via a storage area network (SAN). 4. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the message further comprises an initiator nonce and an initiator security parameter index (SPI) generated by the LKM for the secure communication. 5. The computer program product of claim 4, wherein encryption and decryption of data sent between the initiator and responder channels is based at least in part on the initiator nonce and the initiator SPI. 6. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the obtaining the identifier of the shared key comprises requesting creation of the shared key by a server that is remote from the initiator node and the responder node, and the identifier of the shared key is received from the server in response to the server requesting creation of the shared key. 7. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise receiving the shared key assigned for communication between the initiator node and the responder node. 8. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the shared key is used for secure communications between all channels on the initiator and responder nodes. 9. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein encryption and decryption of data sent between the initiator and responder channels is based at least in part on the shared key. 10. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the shared key is unique in the computing environment to secure communications between the initiator node and the responder node. 11. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the initiator node is a host computer and the LKM executes in a logical partition of the host computer. 12. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the responder node is a host computer or a storage array. 13. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the message sent to the initiator channel is unencrypted. 14. A computer-implemented method of facilitating processing within a computing environment, the computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving a request from an initiator channel on an initiator node to initiate a secure communication with a responder channel on a responder node, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the initiator node; creating a security association at the LKM between the initiator node and the responder node; obtaining an identifier of a shared key assigned for communication between the initiator node and the responder node; building a message requesting initialization of the secure communication between the initiator channel and the responder channel, the message comprising the identifier of the shared key; and sending the message to the initiator channel. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the method further comprises the initiator channel sending the message to the responder channel. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the message further comprises an initiator nonce and an initiator security parameter index (SPI) generated by the LKM for the secure communication. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 16, wherein encryption and decryption of data sent between the initiator and responder channels is based at least in part on the initiator nonce and the initiator SPI. 18. A computer system for facilitating processing within a computing environment, the computer system comprising:
an initiator node; and a plurality of initiator channels coupled to the initiator node, wherein the computer system is configured to perform operations comprising:
receiving a request from an initiator channel of the plurality of initiator channels to initiate a secure communication with a responder channel on a responder node, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the initiator node;
creating a security association at the LKM between the initiator node and the responder node;
obtaining an identifier of a shared key assigned for communication between the initiator node and the responder node;
building a message requesting initialization of the secure communication between the initiator channel and the responder channel, the message comprising the identifier of the shared key; and
sending the message to the initiator channel. 19. The computer system of claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise the initiator channel sending the message to the responder channel. 20. The computer-system of claim 18, wherein the message further comprises an initiator nonce and an initiator security parameter index (SPI) generated by the LKM for the secure communication, and the encryption and decryption of data sent between the initiator and responder channels is based at least in part on the initiator nonce and the initiator SPI. | Aspects of the invention include receiving a request from an initiator channel on an initiator node to initiate a secure communication with a responder channel on a responder node. The receiving is at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the initiator node. A security association is created at the LKM between the initiator node and the responder node. An identifier of a shared key assigned for communication between the initiator node and the responder node is obtained, and a message requesting initialization of the secure communication between the initiator channel and the responder channel is built. The message includes the identifier of the shared key. The message is sent to the initiator channel.1. A computer program product for facilitating processing in a computing environment, the computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage medium readable by one or more processing circuits and storing instructions for performing operations comprising:
receiving a request from an initiator channel on an initiator node to initiate a secure communication with a responder channel on a responder node, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the initiator node;
creating a security association at the LKM between the initiator node and the responder node;
obtaining an identifier of a shared key assigned for communication between the initiator node and the responder node;
building a message requesting initialization of the secure communication between the initiator channel and the responder channel, the message comprising the identifier of the shared key; and
sending the message to the initiator channel. 2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise the initiator channel sending the message to the responder channel. 3. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the sending the message to the responder channel is via a storage area network (SAN). 4. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the message further comprises an initiator nonce and an initiator security parameter index (SPI) generated by the LKM for the secure communication. 5. The computer program product of claim 4, wherein encryption and decryption of data sent between the initiator and responder channels is based at least in part on the initiator nonce and the initiator SPI. 6. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the obtaining the identifier of the shared key comprises requesting creation of the shared key by a server that is remote from the initiator node and the responder node, and the identifier of the shared key is received from the server in response to the server requesting creation of the shared key. 7. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise receiving the shared key assigned for communication between the initiator node and the responder node. 8. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the shared key is used for secure communications between all channels on the initiator and responder nodes. 9. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein encryption and decryption of data sent between the initiator and responder channels is based at least in part on the shared key. 10. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the shared key is unique in the computing environment to secure communications between the initiator node and the responder node. 11. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the initiator node is a host computer and the LKM executes in a logical partition of the host computer. 12. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the responder node is a host computer or a storage array. 13. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the message sent to the initiator channel is unencrypted. 14. A computer-implemented method of facilitating processing within a computing environment, the computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving a request from an initiator channel on an initiator node to initiate a secure communication with a responder channel on a responder node, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the initiator node; creating a security association at the LKM between the initiator node and the responder node; obtaining an identifier of a shared key assigned for communication between the initiator node and the responder node; building a message requesting initialization of the secure communication between the initiator channel and the responder channel, the message comprising the identifier of the shared key; and sending the message to the initiator channel. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the method further comprises the initiator channel sending the message to the responder channel. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the message further comprises an initiator nonce and an initiator security parameter index (SPI) generated by the LKM for the secure communication. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 16, wherein encryption and decryption of data sent between the initiator and responder channels is based at least in part on the initiator nonce and the initiator SPI. 18. A computer system for facilitating processing within a computing environment, the computer system comprising:
an initiator node; and a plurality of initiator channels coupled to the initiator node, wherein the computer system is configured to perform operations comprising:
receiving a request from an initiator channel of the plurality of initiator channels to initiate a secure communication with a responder channel on a responder node, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the initiator node;
creating a security association at the LKM between the initiator node and the responder node;
obtaining an identifier of a shared key assigned for communication between the initiator node and the responder node;
building a message requesting initialization of the secure communication between the initiator channel and the responder channel, the message comprising the identifier of the shared key; and
sending the message to the initiator channel. 19. The computer system of claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise the initiator channel sending the message to the responder channel. 20. The computer-system of claim 18, wherein the message further comprises an initiator nonce and an initiator security parameter index (SPI) generated by the LKM for the secure communication, and the encryption and decryption of data sent between the initiator and responder channels is based at least in part on the initiator nonce and the initiator SPI. | 3,600 |
341,023 | 16,801,299 | 3,632 | A method can be used to synchronize time between nodes of a converter device for high voltage power conversion. The method is performed in a first node of the converter device and includes receiving a time reference from a second node of the converter device, obtaining a delay value for receiving time references from the second node, determining a compensated time by adding the delay value to the time reference, and setting a clock in the first node to be the compensated time. | 1. A method for synchronizing time between a plurality of nodes of a converter device for high voltage power conversion, the method being performed in a first node of the converter device and comprising:
receiving a time reference from a second node of the converter device; obtaining a delay value for receiving time references from the second node; determining a compensated time by adding the delay value to the time reference; and setting a clock in the first node to be the compensated time. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising sending the compensated time as a time reference to a third node of the converter device. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the delay value considers both a communication delay and a processing delay. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of time references in the converter device is based on a master clock source. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein all time references in the converter device are based on the master clock source. 6. A computer readable medium storing computer program code which, when run on the first node causes the first node to perform the method of claim 1. 7. A first node for synchronizing time between a plurality of nodes of a converter device for high voltage power conversion, the first node being one of the plurality of nodes, the first node comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the first node to: receive a time reference from a second node of the plurality of nodes; obtain a delay value for receiving time references from the second node; determine a compensated time by adding the delay value to the time reference; and set a clock in the first node to be the compensated time. 8. The first node according to claim 7, wherein the instructions further cause the first node to send the compensated time as a time reference to a third node of the plurality of nodes. 9. The first node according to claim 7, wherein the delay value considers both a communication delay and a processing delay. 10. The first node according to claim 7, wherein a plurality of time references in the converter device are based on a master clock source. 11. The first node according to claim 10, wherein all time references in the converter device are based on the master clock source. 12. A converter arm comprising:
a plurality of converter cells, wherein at least one of the converter cells comprises a plurality of semiconductor switches, an energy storage element and at least three signal connections arranged to control a conducting state of the plurality of semiconductor switches; wherein at least one converter cell is connected to receive a signal from at least three entities via the signal connections, wherein at least two of the three entities are neighboring converter cells, and each converter cell is arranged to forward, as long as the signal has not been received before, a signal to all connected neighboring converter cells via the signal connections. 13. The converter arm according to claim 12, further comprising a shortcut connection between two non-neighboring converter cells wherein the non-neighboring converter cells each comprise at least four signal connections. 14. The converter arm according to claim 12, wherein each converter cell is arranged to detect a blocking message supplied to the signal connections separately from other messages supplied to the signal connections, wherein the blocking message instructs the converter cell to turn off all semiconductor switches of the converter cell. 15. The converter arm according to claim 14, wherein each converter cell is arranged to detect and forward the blocking message without fully decoding a signal comprising the blocking message. 16. The converter arm according to claim 12, wherein four of the converter cells are directly connected to a main controller that is arranged to generate signals to control the conducting state of the plurality of semiconductor switches of the converter cells. 17. The converter arm according to claim 16, wherein the converter cells directly connected to the main controller are connected to only two neighboring converter cells, and any converter cells not directly connected to the main controller are connected to three neighboring converter cells. 18. The converter arm according to claim 12, wherein each converter cell comprises a cell controller and wherein the signal connections of each converter cell are connected to the cell controller, wherein the cell controller is arranged to control the semiconductor switches of the converter cell via respective gate units arranged to condition signals for the semiconductor switches. 19. The converter arm according to claim 12, wherein each converter cell comprises an auxiliary power input, each auxiliary power input being arranged to power control functions of the respective converter cell without charging the energy storage element of the respective converter cell. 20. The converter arm according to claim 19, further comprising at least one battery connected to the auxiliary power inputs of the converter cells. 21. The converter arm according to claim 20, wherein each converter cell comprises a battery connected to its auxiliary power input. 22. The converter arm according to claim 12, wherein each one of the signal connections is a bidirectional connection. 23. The converter arm according to claim 12, wherein each one of the signal connections is arranged to communicate via optical connections. 24. A converter device for converting power in at least one direction between an alternating current and a direct current, the converter device comprising a converter arm according to claim 12. 25. A converter device for converting power in at least one direction between an alternating current and a direct current, the converter device comprising a plurality of phase legs connected in parallel between terminals of a DC connection, wherein each phase leg comprises a converter arm according to claim 12. | A method can be used to synchronize time between nodes of a converter device for high voltage power conversion. The method is performed in a first node of the converter device and includes receiving a time reference from a second node of the converter device, obtaining a delay value for receiving time references from the second node, determining a compensated time by adding the delay value to the time reference, and setting a clock in the first node to be the compensated time.1. A method for synchronizing time between a plurality of nodes of a converter device for high voltage power conversion, the method being performed in a first node of the converter device and comprising:
receiving a time reference from a second node of the converter device; obtaining a delay value for receiving time references from the second node; determining a compensated time by adding the delay value to the time reference; and setting a clock in the first node to be the compensated time. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising sending the compensated time as a time reference to a third node of the converter device. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the delay value considers both a communication delay and a processing delay. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of time references in the converter device is based on a master clock source. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein all time references in the converter device are based on the master clock source. 6. A computer readable medium storing computer program code which, when run on the first node causes the first node to perform the method of claim 1. 7. A first node for synchronizing time between a plurality of nodes of a converter device for high voltage power conversion, the first node being one of the plurality of nodes, the first node comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the first node to: receive a time reference from a second node of the plurality of nodes; obtain a delay value for receiving time references from the second node; determine a compensated time by adding the delay value to the time reference; and set a clock in the first node to be the compensated time. 8. The first node according to claim 7, wherein the instructions further cause the first node to send the compensated time as a time reference to a third node of the plurality of nodes. 9. The first node according to claim 7, wherein the delay value considers both a communication delay and a processing delay. 10. The first node according to claim 7, wherein a plurality of time references in the converter device are based on a master clock source. 11. The first node according to claim 10, wherein all time references in the converter device are based on the master clock source. 12. A converter arm comprising:
a plurality of converter cells, wherein at least one of the converter cells comprises a plurality of semiconductor switches, an energy storage element and at least three signal connections arranged to control a conducting state of the plurality of semiconductor switches; wherein at least one converter cell is connected to receive a signal from at least three entities via the signal connections, wherein at least two of the three entities are neighboring converter cells, and each converter cell is arranged to forward, as long as the signal has not been received before, a signal to all connected neighboring converter cells via the signal connections. 13. The converter arm according to claim 12, further comprising a shortcut connection between two non-neighboring converter cells wherein the non-neighboring converter cells each comprise at least four signal connections. 14. The converter arm according to claim 12, wherein each converter cell is arranged to detect a blocking message supplied to the signal connections separately from other messages supplied to the signal connections, wherein the blocking message instructs the converter cell to turn off all semiconductor switches of the converter cell. 15. The converter arm according to claim 14, wherein each converter cell is arranged to detect and forward the blocking message without fully decoding a signal comprising the blocking message. 16. The converter arm according to claim 12, wherein four of the converter cells are directly connected to a main controller that is arranged to generate signals to control the conducting state of the plurality of semiconductor switches of the converter cells. 17. The converter arm according to claim 16, wherein the converter cells directly connected to the main controller are connected to only two neighboring converter cells, and any converter cells not directly connected to the main controller are connected to three neighboring converter cells. 18. The converter arm according to claim 12, wherein each converter cell comprises a cell controller and wherein the signal connections of each converter cell are connected to the cell controller, wherein the cell controller is arranged to control the semiconductor switches of the converter cell via respective gate units arranged to condition signals for the semiconductor switches. 19. The converter arm according to claim 12, wherein each converter cell comprises an auxiliary power input, each auxiliary power input being arranged to power control functions of the respective converter cell without charging the energy storage element of the respective converter cell. 20. The converter arm according to claim 19, further comprising at least one battery connected to the auxiliary power inputs of the converter cells. 21. The converter arm according to claim 20, wherein each converter cell comprises a battery connected to its auxiliary power input. 22. The converter arm according to claim 12, wherein each one of the signal connections is a bidirectional connection. 23. The converter arm according to claim 12, wherein each one of the signal connections is arranged to communicate via optical connections. 24. A converter device for converting power in at least one direction between an alternating current and a direct current, the converter device comprising a converter arm according to claim 12. 25. A converter device for converting power in at least one direction between an alternating current and a direct current, the converter device comprising a plurality of phase legs connected in parallel between terminals of a DC connection, wherein each phase leg comprises a converter arm according to claim 12. | 3,600 |
341,024 | 16,801,281 | 3,632 | A UV-curable ink jet ink composition includes: 10.00% by mass or more and 60.00% by mass or less, relative to a total mass of the ink composition, of a compound represented by formula (A); 10.00% by mass or more and 50.00% by mass or less, relative to the total mass of the ink composition, of one or more monofunctional monomers having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a cyclic ether group; 0.05% by mass or more and 0.50% by mass or less, relative to the total mass of the ink composition, of one or more fluorescent brighteners including a compound represented by formula (b1), (b2), (b3), or (b4); and 3.00% by mass or more and 8.00% by mass or less, relative to the total mass of the ink composition, of one or more acylphosphine oxide polymerization initiators. | 1. A UV-curable ink jet ink composition comprising:
10.00% by mass or more and 60.00% by mass or less, relative to a total mass of the ink composition, of a compound represented by the following formula (A):
CH2═CR1—COOR2—O—CH═CH—R3 (A)
wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R2 is a divalent organic residue having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and R3 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic residue having 1 to 11 carbon atoms; 10.00% by mass or more and 50.00% by mass or less, relative to the total mass of the ink composition, of one or more monofunctional monomers having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a cyclic ether group; 0.05% by mass or more and 0.50% by mass or less, relative to the total mass of the ink composition, of one or more fluorescent brighteners including a compound represented by the following formula (b1), (b2), (b3), or (b4): 2. The UV-curable ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, wherein the monofunctional monomers having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a cyclic ether group include isobornyl (meth) acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal (meth)acrylate, or 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl (meth) acrylate. 3. The UV-curable ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, further comprising:
5.00% by mass or more and 40.00% by mass or less, relative to the total mass of the ink composition, of a monomer having a hydroxy group. 4. The UV-curable ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, wherein the fluorescent brighteners include a compound represented by the formula (b1) or (b2). 5. The UV-curable ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, wherein the fluorescent brighteners include a compound represented by the formula (b1). 6. The UV-curable ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, wherein the acylphosphine oxide polymerization initiators include a bisacylphosphine oxide polymerization initiator. 7. The UV-curable ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, further comprising:
3.00% by mass or more and 10.00% by mass or less, relative to the total mass of the ink composition, of a urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer. 8. The UV-curable ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, further comprising a colored colorant. 9. The UV-curable ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, further comprising a sensitizer having a molecular weight of 700 or more. 10. An ink jet recording method comprising:
a discharge step of discharging the UV-curable ink jet ink composition according to claim 1 onto a recording medium from a head; and a curing step of curing the UV-curable ink jet ink composition attached to the recording medium by irradiating with UV from a UV light-emitting diode having a peak wavelength within a range of 360 nm or more and 420 nm or less. | A UV-curable ink jet ink composition includes: 10.00% by mass or more and 60.00% by mass or less, relative to a total mass of the ink composition, of a compound represented by formula (A); 10.00% by mass or more and 50.00% by mass or less, relative to the total mass of the ink composition, of one or more monofunctional monomers having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a cyclic ether group; 0.05% by mass or more and 0.50% by mass or less, relative to the total mass of the ink composition, of one or more fluorescent brighteners including a compound represented by formula (b1), (b2), (b3), or (b4); and 3.00% by mass or more and 8.00% by mass or less, relative to the total mass of the ink composition, of one or more acylphosphine oxide polymerization initiators.1. A UV-curable ink jet ink composition comprising:
10.00% by mass or more and 60.00% by mass or less, relative to a total mass of the ink composition, of a compound represented by the following formula (A):
CH2═CR1—COOR2—O—CH═CH—R3 (A)
wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R2 is a divalent organic residue having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and R3 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic residue having 1 to 11 carbon atoms; 10.00% by mass or more and 50.00% by mass or less, relative to the total mass of the ink composition, of one or more monofunctional monomers having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a cyclic ether group; 0.05% by mass or more and 0.50% by mass or less, relative to the total mass of the ink composition, of one or more fluorescent brighteners including a compound represented by the following formula (b1), (b2), (b3), or (b4): 2. The UV-curable ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, wherein the monofunctional monomers having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a cyclic ether group include isobornyl (meth) acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal (meth)acrylate, or 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl (meth) acrylate. 3. The UV-curable ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, further comprising:
5.00% by mass or more and 40.00% by mass or less, relative to the total mass of the ink composition, of a monomer having a hydroxy group. 4. The UV-curable ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, wherein the fluorescent brighteners include a compound represented by the formula (b1) or (b2). 5. The UV-curable ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, wherein the fluorescent brighteners include a compound represented by the formula (b1). 6. The UV-curable ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, wherein the acylphosphine oxide polymerization initiators include a bisacylphosphine oxide polymerization initiator. 7. The UV-curable ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, further comprising:
3.00% by mass or more and 10.00% by mass or less, relative to the total mass of the ink composition, of a urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer. 8. The UV-curable ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, further comprising a colored colorant. 9. The UV-curable ink jet ink composition according to claim 1, further comprising a sensitizer having a molecular weight of 700 or more. 10. An ink jet recording method comprising:
a discharge step of discharging the UV-curable ink jet ink composition according to claim 1 onto a recording medium from a head; and a curing step of curing the UV-curable ink jet ink composition attached to the recording medium by irradiating with UV from a UV light-emitting diode having a peak wavelength within a range of 360 nm or more and 420 nm or less. | 3,600 |
341,025 | 16,801,283 | 3,632 | An apparatus for determining a validity of a bio-information estimation model includes a data acquirer interface configured to acquire an in vivo spectrum of an object, and acquire bio-information and a concentration of a main component which are estimated based on the in vivo spectrum and a bio-information estimation model; and a processor configured to acquire a residual spectrum of the acquired in vivo spectrum based on the acquired in vivo spectrum, the acquired bio-information, and the acquired concentration of the main component, determine a similarity between the acquired residual spectrum and a reference residual spectrum, and determine the validity of the bio-information estimation model based on the determined similarity. | 1. An apparatus for determining a validity of a bio-information estimation model, comprising:
a data acquirer interface configured to acquire an in vivo spectrum of an object, and acquire bio-information and a concentration of a main component which are estimated based on the in vivo spectrum and the bio-information estimation model; and a processor configured to acquire a residual spectrum of the acquired in vivo spectrum based on the acquired in vivo spectrum, the acquired bio-information, and the acquired concentration of the main component, determine a similarity between the acquired residual spectrum and a reference residual spectrum, and determine the validity of the bio-information estimation model based on the determined similarity. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to reconstruct an in vivo spectrum based on the acquired in vivo spectrum, the acquired bio-information, and the acquired concentration of the main component, and acquire the residual spectrum based on the reconstructed in vivo spectrum and the acquired in vivo spectrum. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to acquire the residual spectrum by subtracting the reconstructed in vivo spectrum from the acquired in vivo spectrum. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the bio-information comprises information on a concentration of an analyte, the analyte comprising at least one of glucose, triglyceride, urea, uric acid, lactate, proteins, cholesterols, antioxidants, and ethanol. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to select, as the reference residual spectrum, a residual spectrum of an in vivo spectrum that is measured prior to measuring the acquired in vivo spectrum. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine that the bio-information estimation model is invalid based on a comparison between the determined similarity and a predetermined reference value. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine the validity of the bio-information estimation model further based on a size of a vector representing the acquired residual spectrum. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the bio-information estimation model is based on a net analyte signal (NAS) algorithm. 9. An apparatus for determining a validity of a bio-information estimation model, comprising:
a data acquirer interface configured to acquire an in vivo spectrum of an object, and acquire bio-information and a concentration of a main component which are estimated based on the in vivo spectrum and the bio-information estimation model; and a processor configured to acquire a residual spectrum of the acquired in vivo spectrum based on the acquired in vivo spectrum, the acquired bio-information, and the acquired concentration of the main component and determine the validity of the bio-information estimation model by based on a change in shape of the residual spectrum over time. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to reconstruct an in vivo spectrum based on the acquired in vivo spectrum, the acquired bio-information, and the acquired concentration of the main component and acquire the residual spectrum based on the reconstructed in vivo spectrum and the acquired in vivo spectrum. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to acquire the residual spectrum by subtracting the reconstructed in vivo spectrum from the acquired in vivo spectrum. 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the bio-information comprises information on a concentration of an analyte, the analyte comprising at least one of glucose, triglyceride, urea, uric acid, lactate, proteins, cholesterols, antioxidants, and ethanol. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to determine that the bio-information estimation model is invalid based on the change in shape of the residual spectrum over time exceeding a predetermined reference value. 14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to determine the change in shape of the residual spectrum based on a similarity between the acquired residual spectrum and a reference residual spectrum. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to select, as the reference residual spectrum, a residual spectrum of an in vivo spectrum that is measured prior to measuring the acquired in vivo spectrum. 16. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to determine the validity of the bio-information estimation model further based on a size of a vector representing the acquired residual spectrum. 17. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the bio-information estimation model is based on a NAS algorithm. 18. A method of determining a validity of a bio-information estimation model, comprising:
acquiring an in vivo spectrum of an object, and acquiring bio-information and a concentration of a main component which are estimated based on the in vivo spectrum and the bio-information estimation model; acquiring a residual spectrum of the acquired in vivo spectrum based on the acquired in vivo spectrum, the acquired bio-information, and the acquired concentration of the main component; determining a similarity between the acquired in vivo spectrum and a reference residual spectrum; and determining the validity of the bio-information estimation model based on the determined similarity. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the acquiring the residual spectrum comprises reconstructing an in vivo spectrum based on the acquired in vivo spectrum, the acquired bio-information, and the acquired concentration of the main component, and acquiring the residual spectrum based on the reconstructed in vivo spectrum and the acquired in vivo spectrum. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the acquiring the residual spectrum comprises acquiring the residual spectrum by subtracting the reconstructed in vivo spectrum from the acquired in vivo spectrum. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein the bio-information comprises information on a concentration of an analyte, the analyte comprising at least one of glucose, triglyceride, urea, uric acid, lactate, proteins, cholesterols, antioxidants, and ethanol. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein the determining the validity comprises selecting, as the reference residual spectrum, a residual spectrum of an in vivo spectrum that is measured prior to measuring the acquired in vivo spectrum. 23. The method of claim 18, wherein the determining the validity comprises determining that the bio-information estimation model is invalid based on the determined similarity being smaller than a predetermined reference value. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the determining the validity comprises determining the validity of the bio-information estimation model further based on a size of a vector representing the acquired residual spectrum. 25. The method of claim 18, wherein the bio-information estimation model is based on a NAS algorithm. 26. A method of determining a validity of a bio-information estimation model, comprising:
acquiring an in vivo spectrum of an object, and acquiring bio-information and a concentration of a main component which are estimated based on the in vivo spectrum and the bio-information estimation model; acquiring a residual spectrum of the acquired in vivo spectrum based on the acquired in vivo spectrum, the acquired bio-information, and the acquired concentration of the main component; and determining the validity of the bio-information estimation model based on a change in shape of the residual spectrum over time. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the acquiring the residual spectrum comprises reconstructing an in vivo spectrum based on the acquired in vivo spectrum, the acquired bio-information, and the acquired concentration of the main component and acquiring the residual spectrum based on the reconstructed in vivo spectrum and the acquired in vivo spectrum. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the acquiring the residual spectrum comprises acquiring the residual spectrum by subtracting the reconstructed in vivo spectrum from the acquired in vivo spectrum. 29. The method of claim 26, wherein the bio-information comprises information on a concentration of an analyte, the analyte comprising at least one of glucose, triglyceride, urea, uric acid, lactate, proteins, cholesterols, antioxidants, and ethanol. 30. The method of claim 26, wherein the determining the validity of the bio-information estimation model comprises determining that the bio-information estimation model is invalid based on the change in shape of the residual spectrum over time exceeding a predetermined reference value. 31. The method of claim 26, wherein the determining the validity comprises determining the change in shape of the residual spectrum over time based on a similarity between the acquired residual spectrum and a reference residual spectrum. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the determining the validity comprises selecting, as the reference residual spectrum, a residual spectrum of an in vivo spectrum that is measured prior to measuring the acquired in vivo spectrum. 33. The method of claim 26, wherein the determining the validity of the bio-information estimation model comprises determining the validity of the bio-information estimation model further based on a size of a vector representing the acquired residual spectrum. 34. The method of claim 26, wherein the bio-information estimation model is based on a NAS algorithm. 35. A method of determining a validity of a bio-information estimation model, comprising:
acquiring an in vivo spectrum of an object; acquiring a residual spectrum of the acquired in vivo spectrum based on the bio-information estimation model; determining a similarity between the acquired residual spectrum and a reference residual spectrum; and determining the validity of the bio-information estimation model based on the determined similarity. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the bio-information estimation model is based on a NAS algorithm. 37. The method of claim 35, wherein the acquiring the residual spectrum comprises estimating bio-information of the object and a concentration of a main component based on the acquired in vivo spectrum and the bio-information estimation model, reconstructing an in vivo spectrum based on the acquired in vivo spectrum, the estimated bio-information, and the estimated concentration of the main component, and acquiring the residual spectrum based on the reconstructed in vivo spectrum and the acquired in vivo spectrum. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the acquiring the residual spectrum comprises acquiring the residual spectrum by subtracting the reconstructed in vivo spectrum from the acquired in vivo spectrum. | An apparatus for determining a validity of a bio-information estimation model includes a data acquirer interface configured to acquire an in vivo spectrum of an object, and acquire bio-information and a concentration of a main component which are estimated based on the in vivo spectrum and a bio-information estimation model; and a processor configured to acquire a residual spectrum of the acquired in vivo spectrum based on the acquired in vivo spectrum, the acquired bio-information, and the acquired concentration of the main component, determine a similarity between the acquired residual spectrum and a reference residual spectrum, and determine the validity of the bio-information estimation model based on the determined similarity.1. An apparatus for determining a validity of a bio-information estimation model, comprising:
a data acquirer interface configured to acquire an in vivo spectrum of an object, and acquire bio-information and a concentration of a main component which are estimated based on the in vivo spectrum and the bio-information estimation model; and a processor configured to acquire a residual spectrum of the acquired in vivo spectrum based on the acquired in vivo spectrum, the acquired bio-information, and the acquired concentration of the main component, determine a similarity between the acquired residual spectrum and a reference residual spectrum, and determine the validity of the bio-information estimation model based on the determined similarity. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to reconstruct an in vivo spectrum based on the acquired in vivo spectrum, the acquired bio-information, and the acquired concentration of the main component, and acquire the residual spectrum based on the reconstructed in vivo spectrum and the acquired in vivo spectrum. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to acquire the residual spectrum by subtracting the reconstructed in vivo spectrum from the acquired in vivo spectrum. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the bio-information comprises information on a concentration of an analyte, the analyte comprising at least one of glucose, triglyceride, urea, uric acid, lactate, proteins, cholesterols, antioxidants, and ethanol. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to select, as the reference residual spectrum, a residual spectrum of an in vivo spectrum that is measured prior to measuring the acquired in vivo spectrum. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine that the bio-information estimation model is invalid based on a comparison between the determined similarity and a predetermined reference value. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine the validity of the bio-information estimation model further based on a size of a vector representing the acquired residual spectrum. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the bio-information estimation model is based on a net analyte signal (NAS) algorithm. 9. An apparatus for determining a validity of a bio-information estimation model, comprising:
a data acquirer interface configured to acquire an in vivo spectrum of an object, and acquire bio-information and a concentration of a main component which are estimated based on the in vivo spectrum and the bio-information estimation model; and a processor configured to acquire a residual spectrum of the acquired in vivo spectrum based on the acquired in vivo spectrum, the acquired bio-information, and the acquired concentration of the main component and determine the validity of the bio-information estimation model by based on a change in shape of the residual spectrum over time. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to reconstruct an in vivo spectrum based on the acquired in vivo spectrum, the acquired bio-information, and the acquired concentration of the main component and acquire the residual spectrum based on the reconstructed in vivo spectrum and the acquired in vivo spectrum. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to acquire the residual spectrum by subtracting the reconstructed in vivo spectrum from the acquired in vivo spectrum. 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the bio-information comprises information on a concentration of an analyte, the analyte comprising at least one of glucose, triglyceride, urea, uric acid, lactate, proteins, cholesterols, antioxidants, and ethanol. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to determine that the bio-information estimation model is invalid based on the change in shape of the residual spectrum over time exceeding a predetermined reference value. 14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to determine the change in shape of the residual spectrum based on a similarity between the acquired residual spectrum and a reference residual spectrum. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to select, as the reference residual spectrum, a residual spectrum of an in vivo spectrum that is measured prior to measuring the acquired in vivo spectrum. 16. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to determine the validity of the bio-information estimation model further based on a size of a vector representing the acquired residual spectrum. 17. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the bio-information estimation model is based on a NAS algorithm. 18. A method of determining a validity of a bio-information estimation model, comprising:
acquiring an in vivo spectrum of an object, and acquiring bio-information and a concentration of a main component which are estimated based on the in vivo spectrum and the bio-information estimation model; acquiring a residual spectrum of the acquired in vivo spectrum based on the acquired in vivo spectrum, the acquired bio-information, and the acquired concentration of the main component; determining a similarity between the acquired in vivo spectrum and a reference residual spectrum; and determining the validity of the bio-information estimation model based on the determined similarity. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the acquiring the residual spectrum comprises reconstructing an in vivo spectrum based on the acquired in vivo spectrum, the acquired bio-information, and the acquired concentration of the main component, and acquiring the residual spectrum based on the reconstructed in vivo spectrum and the acquired in vivo spectrum. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the acquiring the residual spectrum comprises acquiring the residual spectrum by subtracting the reconstructed in vivo spectrum from the acquired in vivo spectrum. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein the bio-information comprises information on a concentration of an analyte, the analyte comprising at least one of glucose, triglyceride, urea, uric acid, lactate, proteins, cholesterols, antioxidants, and ethanol. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein the determining the validity comprises selecting, as the reference residual spectrum, a residual spectrum of an in vivo spectrum that is measured prior to measuring the acquired in vivo spectrum. 23. The method of claim 18, wherein the determining the validity comprises determining that the bio-information estimation model is invalid based on the determined similarity being smaller than a predetermined reference value. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the determining the validity comprises determining the validity of the bio-information estimation model further based on a size of a vector representing the acquired residual spectrum. 25. The method of claim 18, wherein the bio-information estimation model is based on a NAS algorithm. 26. A method of determining a validity of a bio-information estimation model, comprising:
acquiring an in vivo spectrum of an object, and acquiring bio-information and a concentration of a main component which are estimated based on the in vivo spectrum and the bio-information estimation model; acquiring a residual spectrum of the acquired in vivo spectrum based on the acquired in vivo spectrum, the acquired bio-information, and the acquired concentration of the main component; and determining the validity of the bio-information estimation model based on a change in shape of the residual spectrum over time. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the acquiring the residual spectrum comprises reconstructing an in vivo spectrum based on the acquired in vivo spectrum, the acquired bio-information, and the acquired concentration of the main component and acquiring the residual spectrum based on the reconstructed in vivo spectrum and the acquired in vivo spectrum. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the acquiring the residual spectrum comprises acquiring the residual spectrum by subtracting the reconstructed in vivo spectrum from the acquired in vivo spectrum. 29. The method of claim 26, wherein the bio-information comprises information on a concentration of an analyte, the analyte comprising at least one of glucose, triglyceride, urea, uric acid, lactate, proteins, cholesterols, antioxidants, and ethanol. 30. The method of claim 26, wherein the determining the validity of the bio-information estimation model comprises determining that the bio-information estimation model is invalid based on the change in shape of the residual spectrum over time exceeding a predetermined reference value. 31. The method of claim 26, wherein the determining the validity comprises determining the change in shape of the residual spectrum over time based on a similarity between the acquired residual spectrum and a reference residual spectrum. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the determining the validity comprises selecting, as the reference residual spectrum, a residual spectrum of an in vivo spectrum that is measured prior to measuring the acquired in vivo spectrum. 33. The method of claim 26, wherein the determining the validity of the bio-information estimation model comprises determining the validity of the bio-information estimation model further based on a size of a vector representing the acquired residual spectrum. 34. The method of claim 26, wherein the bio-information estimation model is based on a NAS algorithm. 35. A method of determining a validity of a bio-information estimation model, comprising:
acquiring an in vivo spectrum of an object; acquiring a residual spectrum of the acquired in vivo spectrum based on the bio-information estimation model; determining a similarity between the acquired residual spectrum and a reference residual spectrum; and determining the validity of the bio-information estimation model based on the determined similarity. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the bio-information estimation model is based on a NAS algorithm. 37. The method of claim 35, wherein the acquiring the residual spectrum comprises estimating bio-information of the object and a concentration of a main component based on the acquired in vivo spectrum and the bio-information estimation model, reconstructing an in vivo spectrum based on the acquired in vivo spectrum, the estimated bio-information, and the estimated concentration of the main component, and acquiring the residual spectrum based on the reconstructed in vivo spectrum and the acquired in vivo spectrum. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the acquiring the residual spectrum comprises acquiring the residual spectrum by subtracting the reconstructed in vivo spectrum from the acquired in vivo spectrum. | 3,600 |
341,026 | 16,801,309 | 3,632 | A hydrogel that adheres to the surface of materials is provided by using as constituent elements a water-soluble main chain monomer, crosslinking agent, polymerization initiator, and adhesive monomer having at least a catechol group in a side chain. | 1. A composition for preparing adhesive hydrogel including
a water-soluble main chain monomer, a crosslinking agent, a polymerization initiator, an adhesive monomer having a catechol group in a side chain, and water, wherein the adhesive monomer is added in a proportion of 5% or more to the total number of mol of the main chain monomer and the adhesive monomer, and wherein all of the catechol groups of the adhesive monomer can participate in adhesion to a substrate and the hydrogel has a structure in which the catechol groups are present in the polymer in a free state. 2. The composition for preparing adhesive hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive monomer is added in a proportion of 8% or more to the total number of mol of the main chain monomer and the adhesive monomer. 3. The composition for preparing adhesive hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the catechol group is derived from DOPA or a derivative thereof. 4. The composition for preparing adhesive hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble main chain monomer is a vinyl group-containing monomer. 5. The composition for preparing adhesive hydrogel according to claim 1, further comprising an electrolyte and/or a polar solvent. 6. The composition for preparing adhesive hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the crosslinking agent is a crosslinking agent capable of introducing a three-dimensional crosslinked structure by polymerizable double bonds. 7. An adhesive comprising the composition for preparing adhesive hydrogel according to claim 1. 8. The adhesive according to claim 7, which is used as:
a one-component adhesive wherein the water-soluble main chain monomer, crosslinking agent, polymerization initiator, and adhesive monomer are included in one component, or a two-component adhesive wherein the water-soluble main chain monomer, crosslinking agent, and adhesive monomer are included in a first component and the polymerization initiator is included in a second component. 9. A method of (i) adhering bone, teeth, or soft tissues, or (ii) of adhering bone, teeth, or soft tissue and a medical member,
with the adhesive of claim 7 in a medical field. 10. The method of adhering according to claim 9, wherein the medical member is a sensor electrode, a stimulation electrode, or an implant. 11. A method of applying an amount of the composition of claim 1 onto a ship bottom effective to antifoul paint. 12. A method of coating a base material with an amount of the composition of claim 1 effective to lubricate the top of the base material. 13. A method of applying an amount of the composition of claim 1 onto a base material effective to antifoul the base material. 14. An adhesive hydrogel including
water, a water-soluble main chain monomer, and a crosslinking agent and an adhesive monomer having a catechol group in a side chain, wherein the adhesive monomer is added in a proportion of 5% or more to the total number of mol of the main chain monomer and the adhesive monomer, and wherein all of the catechol groups of the adhesive monomer can participate in adhesion to a substrate and the hydrogel has a structure in which the catechol groups are present in the polymer in a free state. 15. The adhesive hydrogel according to claim 14, wherein the adhesive monomer is added in a proportion of 8% or more to the total number of mol of the main chain monomer and the adhesive monomer. 16. The adhesive hydrogel according to claim 14, wherein the catechol group is derived from DOPA or a derivative thereof. 17. The adhesive hydrogel according to claim 14, wherein the water-soluble main chain monomer is a vinyl group-containing monomer. 18. The adhesive hydrogel according to claim 14, further comprising an electrolyte and/or polar solvent. 19. The adhesive hydrogel according to claim 14, wherein the crosslinking agent is a crosslinking agent capable of introducing a three-dimensional crosslinked structure by polymerizable double bonds. 20. A method of adhering biological materials, or of adhering biological materials and a biological member, with the adhesive hydrogel of claim 14. 21. A method for synthesizing an adhesive hydrogel including (i) a step of preparing a prepolymer aqueous solution containing a composition of claim 1, and (ii) a polymerization initiation step for conducting a polymerization initiation reaction in the prepolymer aqueous solution. 22. An adhesive containing an adhesive hydrogel of claim 14, said adhesive used as:
a one-component adhesive where the water-soluble main monomer, crosslinking agent, polymerization initiator, and adhesive monomer are included in one component or a two-component adhesive where the water-soluble main monomer, crosslinking agent, and adhesive monomer are included in a first component and the polymerization initiator is included in a second component. 23. A method of (i) adhering bone, teeth, or soft tissues, or (ii) of adhering bone, teeth, or soft tissue and a medical member,
with the adhesive hydrogel of claim 14 in a medical field. 24. The method of adhering according to claim 23, wherein the medical member is a sensor electrode, a stimulation electrode, or an implant. 25. A method of applying an amount of the adhesive hydrogel of claim 14 onto a ship bottom effective to antifoul paint. 26. A method of coating a base material with an amount of the adhesive hydrogel of claim 14 effective to lubricate the top of the base material. 27. A method of applying an amount of the adhesive hydrogel of claim 14 onto a base material effective to antifoul the base material. 28. A composition for preparing adhesive hydrogel including a water-soluble main chain monomer, a crosslinking agent, a polymerization initiator, an adhesive monomer having a catechol group in a side chain, and water, provided that any inorganic nano-silicate in not included. 29. An adhesive hydrogel including water, a water-soluble main chain monomer, a crosslinking agent and an adhesive monomer having a catechol group in a side chain, provided that any inorganic nano-silicate in not included. 30. The composition for preparing adhesive hydrogel according to claim 28, substantially composed of a water-soluble main chain monomer, a crosslinking agent, a polymerization initiator, an adhesive monomer having a catechol group in a side chain, agents which is used to make buffer action in the adhesive hydrogel and water, and wherein the adhesive monomer is added in a proportion of 5% or more to the total number of mol of the main chain monomer and the adhesive monomer. 31. The adhesive hydrogel according to claim 29, substantially composed of water, a water-soluble main chain monomer, a crosslinking agent and an adhesive monomer having a catechol group in a side chain, and agents which is used to make buffer action in the adhesive hydrogel, and wherein the adhesive monomer is added in a proportion of 5% or more to the total number of mol of the main chain monomer and the adhesive monomer. | A hydrogel that adheres to the surface of materials is provided by using as constituent elements a water-soluble main chain monomer, crosslinking agent, polymerization initiator, and adhesive monomer having at least a catechol group in a side chain.1. A composition for preparing adhesive hydrogel including
a water-soluble main chain monomer, a crosslinking agent, a polymerization initiator, an adhesive monomer having a catechol group in a side chain, and water, wherein the adhesive monomer is added in a proportion of 5% or more to the total number of mol of the main chain monomer and the adhesive monomer, and wherein all of the catechol groups of the adhesive monomer can participate in adhesion to a substrate and the hydrogel has a structure in which the catechol groups are present in the polymer in a free state. 2. The composition for preparing adhesive hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive monomer is added in a proportion of 8% or more to the total number of mol of the main chain monomer and the adhesive monomer. 3. The composition for preparing adhesive hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the catechol group is derived from DOPA or a derivative thereof. 4. The composition for preparing adhesive hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble main chain monomer is a vinyl group-containing monomer. 5. The composition for preparing adhesive hydrogel according to claim 1, further comprising an electrolyte and/or a polar solvent. 6. The composition for preparing adhesive hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the crosslinking agent is a crosslinking agent capable of introducing a three-dimensional crosslinked structure by polymerizable double bonds. 7. An adhesive comprising the composition for preparing adhesive hydrogel according to claim 1. 8. The adhesive according to claim 7, which is used as:
a one-component adhesive wherein the water-soluble main chain monomer, crosslinking agent, polymerization initiator, and adhesive monomer are included in one component, or a two-component adhesive wherein the water-soluble main chain monomer, crosslinking agent, and adhesive monomer are included in a first component and the polymerization initiator is included in a second component. 9. A method of (i) adhering bone, teeth, or soft tissues, or (ii) of adhering bone, teeth, or soft tissue and a medical member,
with the adhesive of claim 7 in a medical field. 10. The method of adhering according to claim 9, wherein the medical member is a sensor electrode, a stimulation electrode, or an implant. 11. A method of applying an amount of the composition of claim 1 onto a ship bottom effective to antifoul paint. 12. A method of coating a base material with an amount of the composition of claim 1 effective to lubricate the top of the base material. 13. A method of applying an amount of the composition of claim 1 onto a base material effective to antifoul the base material. 14. An adhesive hydrogel including
water, a water-soluble main chain monomer, and a crosslinking agent and an adhesive monomer having a catechol group in a side chain, wherein the adhesive monomer is added in a proportion of 5% or more to the total number of mol of the main chain monomer and the adhesive monomer, and wherein all of the catechol groups of the adhesive monomer can participate in adhesion to a substrate and the hydrogel has a structure in which the catechol groups are present in the polymer in a free state. 15. The adhesive hydrogel according to claim 14, wherein the adhesive monomer is added in a proportion of 8% or more to the total number of mol of the main chain monomer and the adhesive monomer. 16. The adhesive hydrogel according to claim 14, wherein the catechol group is derived from DOPA or a derivative thereof. 17. The adhesive hydrogel according to claim 14, wherein the water-soluble main chain monomer is a vinyl group-containing monomer. 18. The adhesive hydrogel according to claim 14, further comprising an electrolyte and/or polar solvent. 19. The adhesive hydrogel according to claim 14, wherein the crosslinking agent is a crosslinking agent capable of introducing a three-dimensional crosslinked structure by polymerizable double bonds. 20. A method of adhering biological materials, or of adhering biological materials and a biological member, with the adhesive hydrogel of claim 14. 21. A method for synthesizing an adhesive hydrogel including (i) a step of preparing a prepolymer aqueous solution containing a composition of claim 1, and (ii) a polymerization initiation step for conducting a polymerization initiation reaction in the prepolymer aqueous solution. 22. An adhesive containing an adhesive hydrogel of claim 14, said adhesive used as:
a one-component adhesive where the water-soluble main monomer, crosslinking agent, polymerization initiator, and adhesive monomer are included in one component or a two-component adhesive where the water-soluble main monomer, crosslinking agent, and adhesive monomer are included in a first component and the polymerization initiator is included in a second component. 23. A method of (i) adhering bone, teeth, or soft tissues, or (ii) of adhering bone, teeth, or soft tissue and a medical member,
with the adhesive hydrogel of claim 14 in a medical field. 24. The method of adhering according to claim 23, wherein the medical member is a sensor electrode, a stimulation electrode, or an implant. 25. A method of applying an amount of the adhesive hydrogel of claim 14 onto a ship bottom effective to antifoul paint. 26. A method of coating a base material with an amount of the adhesive hydrogel of claim 14 effective to lubricate the top of the base material. 27. A method of applying an amount of the adhesive hydrogel of claim 14 onto a base material effective to antifoul the base material. 28. A composition for preparing adhesive hydrogel including a water-soluble main chain monomer, a crosslinking agent, a polymerization initiator, an adhesive monomer having a catechol group in a side chain, and water, provided that any inorganic nano-silicate in not included. 29. An adhesive hydrogel including water, a water-soluble main chain monomer, a crosslinking agent and an adhesive monomer having a catechol group in a side chain, provided that any inorganic nano-silicate in not included. 30. The composition for preparing adhesive hydrogel according to claim 28, substantially composed of a water-soluble main chain monomer, a crosslinking agent, a polymerization initiator, an adhesive monomer having a catechol group in a side chain, agents which is used to make buffer action in the adhesive hydrogel and water, and wherein the adhesive monomer is added in a proportion of 5% or more to the total number of mol of the main chain monomer and the adhesive monomer. 31. The adhesive hydrogel according to claim 29, substantially composed of water, a water-soluble main chain monomer, a crosslinking agent and an adhesive monomer having a catechol group in a side chain, and agents which is used to make buffer action in the adhesive hydrogel, and wherein the adhesive monomer is added in a proportion of 5% or more to the total number of mol of the main chain monomer and the adhesive monomer. | 3,600 |
341,027 | 16,801,305 | 3,632 | A semiconductor device may include a semiconductor substrate, and a superlattice on the semiconductor substrate and including a plurality of stacked groups of layers. Each group of layers of the superlattice may include a plurality of stacked base semiconductor monolayers defining a base semiconductor portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent base semiconductor portions. A first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer may be constrained within the crystal lattice of a first pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions and comprise a first non-semiconductor material, and a second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer may be constrained within the crystal lattice of a second pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions and comprise a second non-semiconductor material different than the first non-semiconductor material. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; and a superlattice on the semiconductor substrate and comprising a plurality of stacked groups of layers, with each group of layers of the superlattice comprising a plurality of stacked base semiconductor monolayers defining a base semiconductor portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent base semiconductor portions; wherein a first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a first pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a first non-semiconductor material, and wherein a second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a second pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a second non-semiconductor material different than the first non-semiconductor material. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1 wherein the first non-semiconductor material comprises oxygen and nitrogen. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1 wherein the second non-semiconductor material comprises at least one of carbon and oxygen. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1 wherein a third at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a third pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a third non-semiconductor material different than the first and second non-semiconductor materials. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1 wherein the first non-semiconductor material comprises nitrogen, and wherein the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer is above the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer in the superlattice. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1 wherein a base semiconductor portion between the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer and the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer comprises a carbon dopant. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1 wherein the base semiconductor monolayers comprise silicon. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1 further comprising spaced apart source and drain regions defining a channel within the superlattice, and a gate overlying the channel. 9. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; and a superlattice on the semiconductor substrate and comprising a plurality of stacked groups of layers, with each group of layers of the superlattice comprising a plurality of stacked base silicon monolayers defining a base silicon portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent base silicon portions; wherein a first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a first pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a first non-semiconductor material, wherein a second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a second pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a second non-semiconductor material different than the first non-semiconductor material, and wherein the first non-semiconductor material comprises oxygen and nitrogen. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 9 wherein the second non-semiconductor material comprises at least one of carbon and oxygen. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 9 wherein a third at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a third pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a third non-semiconductor material different than the first and second non-semiconductor materials. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 9 wherein the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer is above the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer in the superlattice. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 9 wherein a base silicon portion between the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer and the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer comprises a carbon dopant. 14. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; and a superlattice on the semiconductor substrate and comprising a plurality of stacked groups of layers, with each group of layers of the superlattice comprising a plurality of stacked base silicon monolayers defining a base silicon portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent base silicon portions; wherein a first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a first pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a first non-semiconductor material, wherein a second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a second pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a second non-semiconductor material different than the first non-semiconductor material, and wherein the second non-semiconductor material comprises at least one of oxygen and carbon. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 14 wherein a third at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a third pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a third non-semiconductor material different than the first and second non-semiconductor materials. 16. The semiconductor device of claim 14 wherein the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer is above the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer in the superlattice. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 14 wherein a base silicon portion between the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer and the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer comprises a carbon dopant. 18. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; and a superlattice on the semiconductor substrate and comprising a plurality of stacked groups of layers, with each group of layers of the superlattice comprising a plurality of stacked base semiconductor monolayers defining a base semiconductor portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent base semiconductor portions; wherein a first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a first pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a first non-semiconductor material, a second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a second pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a second non-semiconductor material different than the first non-semiconductor material, the first non-semiconductor material comprising oxygen and nitrogen, and the second non-semiconductor material comprising at least one of carbon and oxygen; wherein a base semiconductor portion between the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer and the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer comprises a carbon dopant. 19. The semiconductor device of claim 18 wherein a third at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a third pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a third non-semiconductor material different than the first and second non-semiconductor materials. 20. The semiconductor device of claim 18 wherein the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer is above the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer in the superlattice. 21. The semiconductor device of claim 18 wherein the base semiconductor monolayers comprise silicon. | A semiconductor device may include a semiconductor substrate, and a superlattice on the semiconductor substrate and including a plurality of stacked groups of layers. Each group of layers of the superlattice may include a plurality of stacked base semiconductor monolayers defining a base semiconductor portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent base semiconductor portions. A first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer may be constrained within the crystal lattice of a first pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions and comprise a first non-semiconductor material, and a second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer may be constrained within the crystal lattice of a second pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions and comprise a second non-semiconductor material different than the first non-semiconductor material.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; and a superlattice on the semiconductor substrate and comprising a plurality of stacked groups of layers, with each group of layers of the superlattice comprising a plurality of stacked base semiconductor monolayers defining a base semiconductor portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent base semiconductor portions; wherein a first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a first pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a first non-semiconductor material, and wherein a second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a second pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a second non-semiconductor material different than the first non-semiconductor material. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1 wherein the first non-semiconductor material comprises oxygen and nitrogen. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1 wherein the second non-semiconductor material comprises at least one of carbon and oxygen. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1 wherein a third at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a third pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a third non-semiconductor material different than the first and second non-semiconductor materials. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1 wherein the first non-semiconductor material comprises nitrogen, and wherein the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer is above the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer in the superlattice. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1 wherein a base semiconductor portion between the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer and the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer comprises a carbon dopant. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1 wherein the base semiconductor monolayers comprise silicon. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1 further comprising spaced apart source and drain regions defining a channel within the superlattice, and a gate overlying the channel. 9. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; and a superlattice on the semiconductor substrate and comprising a plurality of stacked groups of layers, with each group of layers of the superlattice comprising a plurality of stacked base silicon monolayers defining a base silicon portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent base silicon portions; wherein a first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a first pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a first non-semiconductor material, wherein a second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a second pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a second non-semiconductor material different than the first non-semiconductor material, and wherein the first non-semiconductor material comprises oxygen and nitrogen. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 9 wherein the second non-semiconductor material comprises at least one of carbon and oxygen. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 9 wherein a third at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a third pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a third non-semiconductor material different than the first and second non-semiconductor materials. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 9 wherein the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer is above the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer in the superlattice. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 9 wherein a base silicon portion between the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer and the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer comprises a carbon dopant. 14. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; and a superlattice on the semiconductor substrate and comprising a plurality of stacked groups of layers, with each group of layers of the superlattice comprising a plurality of stacked base silicon monolayers defining a base silicon portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent base silicon portions; wherein a first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a first pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a first non-semiconductor material, wherein a second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a second pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a second non-semiconductor material different than the first non-semiconductor material, and wherein the second non-semiconductor material comprises at least one of oxygen and carbon. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 14 wherein a third at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a third pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a third non-semiconductor material different than the first and second non-semiconductor materials. 16. The semiconductor device of claim 14 wherein the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer is above the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer in the superlattice. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 14 wherein a base silicon portion between the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer and the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer comprises a carbon dopant. 18. A semiconductor device comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; and a superlattice on the semiconductor substrate and comprising a plurality of stacked groups of layers, with each group of layers of the superlattice comprising a plurality of stacked base semiconductor monolayers defining a base semiconductor portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent base semiconductor portions; wherein a first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a first pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a first non-semiconductor material, a second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a second pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a second non-semiconductor material different than the first non-semiconductor material, the first non-semiconductor material comprising oxygen and nitrogen, and the second non-semiconductor material comprising at least one of carbon and oxygen; wherein a base semiconductor portion between the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer and the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer comprises a carbon dopant. 19. The semiconductor device of claim 18 wherein a third at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a third pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a third non-semiconductor material different than the first and second non-semiconductor materials. 20. The semiconductor device of claim 18 wherein the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer is above the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer in the superlattice. 21. The semiconductor device of claim 18 wherein the base semiconductor monolayers comprise silicon. | 3,600 |
341,028 | 16,801,316 | 3,632 | A method checks a functionality of a solenoid valve for a brake system in a motor vehicle. The solenoid valve includes an armature and a coil. The armature, on actuation of the solenoid valve, is moved by a magnetic field of the coil, reducing an air gap of the solenoid valve defined by a position of the armature. The method includes measuring an electric current during the actuation of the solenoid valve, analysing a characteristic of the electric current during the actuation of the solenoid valve, and assessing the functionality of the solenoid valve based on the analysis of the characteristic of the electric current. | 1. A method for checking a functionality of a solenoid valve for a hydraulic brake system in a motor vehicle, the solenoid valve including an armature and a coil, the method comprising:
moving the armature, on actuation of the solenoid valve, by a magnetic field of the coil to reduce an air gap of the solenoid valve defined by a position of the armature; measuring an electric current during the actuation of the solenoid valve; analysing a characteristic of the measured electric current during the actuation of the solenoid valve; and assessing a functionality of the solenoid valve based on the analysis of the characteristic of the electric current. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
preventing activation of a pressure generator for the hydraulic brake system in order to check the functionality of the solenoid valve. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
assessing the solenoid valve as functional when the characteristic of the electric current during the actuation fulfils a defined condition. 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising:
assessing the solenoid valve as non-functional when the characteristic of the electric current during the actuation fails to fulfil the defined condition. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
determining a rate of variation of the measured electric current in order to analyse the characteristic of the electric current. 6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising:
assessing the solenoid valve as functional when the rate of variation fulfils a defined condition. 5. hod according to claim 5, further comprising:
assessing the solenoid valve as functional when the rate of variation forms a sign reversal. 8. The method according to claim 5, further comprising:
assessing the solenoid valve as functional when the rate of variation attains a defined threshold value following a sign reversal. 9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
checking the functionality at a start of an automated drive function of the motor vehicle and/or during performance of the automated drive function of the motor vehicle. 10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
performing a defined measure based on the assessment of the functionality of the solenoid valve. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein a device performs the method. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein a computer program performs the method. | A method checks a functionality of a solenoid valve for a brake system in a motor vehicle. The solenoid valve includes an armature and a coil. The armature, on actuation of the solenoid valve, is moved by a magnetic field of the coil, reducing an air gap of the solenoid valve defined by a position of the armature. The method includes measuring an electric current during the actuation of the solenoid valve, analysing a characteristic of the electric current during the actuation of the solenoid valve, and assessing the functionality of the solenoid valve based on the analysis of the characteristic of the electric current.1. A method for checking a functionality of a solenoid valve for a hydraulic brake system in a motor vehicle, the solenoid valve including an armature and a coil, the method comprising:
moving the armature, on actuation of the solenoid valve, by a magnetic field of the coil to reduce an air gap of the solenoid valve defined by a position of the armature; measuring an electric current during the actuation of the solenoid valve; analysing a characteristic of the measured electric current during the actuation of the solenoid valve; and assessing a functionality of the solenoid valve based on the analysis of the characteristic of the electric current. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
preventing activation of a pressure generator for the hydraulic brake system in order to check the functionality of the solenoid valve. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
assessing the solenoid valve as functional when the characteristic of the electric current during the actuation fulfils a defined condition. 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising:
assessing the solenoid valve as non-functional when the characteristic of the electric current during the actuation fails to fulfil the defined condition. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
determining a rate of variation of the measured electric current in order to analyse the characteristic of the electric current. 6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising:
assessing the solenoid valve as functional when the rate of variation fulfils a defined condition. 5. hod according to claim 5, further comprising:
assessing the solenoid valve as functional when the rate of variation forms a sign reversal. 8. The method according to claim 5, further comprising:
assessing the solenoid valve as functional when the rate of variation attains a defined threshold value following a sign reversal. 9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
checking the functionality at a start of an automated drive function of the motor vehicle and/or during performance of the automated drive function of the motor vehicle. 10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
performing a defined measure based on the assessment of the functionality of the solenoid valve. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein a device performs the method. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein a computer program performs the method. | 3,600 |
341,029 | 16,801,314 | 3,632 | Catalyst deactivating agents and compositions containing catalyst deactivating agents are disclosed. These catalyst deactivating agents can be used in methods of controlling polymerization reactions, methods of terminating polymerization reactions, methods of operating polymerization reactors, and methods of transitioning between catalyst systems. | 1-23. (canceled) 24. A composition comprising:
isobutane; and a catalyst deactivating agent comprising a natural source oil, a siloxane, or a combination thereof. 25. The composition of claim 24, wherein:
the catalyst deactivating agent comprises the natural source oil; and the natural source oil comprises a tallow oil, an olive oil, a peanut oil, a castor bean oil, a sunflower oil, a sesame oil, a poppy seed oil, a palm oil, an almond seed oil, a hazelnut oil, a rapeseed oil, a canola oil, a soybean oil, a corn oil, a safflower oil, a cottonseed oil, a camelina oil, a flaxseed oil, a walnut oil, or any combination thereof. 26. The composition of claim 24, wherein:
the catalyst deactivating agent comprises the natural source oil; and the natural source oil comprises a soybean oil, a corn oil, a canola oil, a castor bean oil, or any combination thereof. 27. The composition of claim 24, wherein:
the catalyst deactivating agent comprises the natural source oil; and the natural source oil comprises a corn oil. 28. The composition of claim 24, wherein:
the catalyst deactivating agent comprises the siloxane; and the siloxane has the formula: 29. The composition of claim 28, wherein:
each R independently is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, phenyl, or benzyl; and the siloxane has a viscosity in a range from 2 to 2,500 cSt at 25° C. 30. The composition of claim 24, wherein:
the catalyst deactivating agent comprises the siloxane; and the siloxane comprises a polydimethylsiloxane. 31. The composition of claim 30, wherein the polydimethylsiloxane has a viscosity in a range from 2 to 1,000 cSt at 25° C. 32. The composition of claim 24, wherein the catalyst deactivating agent:
has a boiling point of at least 100° C.; is miscible with a C3 to C10 hydrocarbon solvent; and is a liquid throughout a temperature range of 20° C. to 80° C. 33. The composition of claim 24, wherein the catalyst deactivating agent:
has a boiling point of at least 120° C.; is miscible with isobutane; and is a liquid throughout a temperature range of −20° C. to 100° C. 34. The composition of claim 24, wherein a weight ratio of isobutane to the catalyst deactivating agent is in a range from about 1000:1 to about 1:100. 35. The composition of claim 24, wherein a weight ratio of isobutane to the catalyst deactivating agent is in a range from about 100:1 to about 1:10. 36. A composition comprising:
a hydrocarbon solvent having from 3 to 18 carbon atoms; and a catalyst deactivating agent comprising a siloxane characterized by a viscosity in a range from 2 to 5,000 cSt at 25° C. 37. The composition of claim 36, wherein the siloxane comprises a polydimethylsiloxane. 38. The composition of claim 36, wherein the viscosity is in a range from 2 to 500 cSt at 25° C. 39. The composition of claim 36, wherein a weight ratio of the hydrocarbon solvent to the siloxane is in a range from about 100:1 to about 1:10. 40. The composition of claim 36, wherein the hydrocarbon solvent comprises propane, isobutane, n-butane, n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane, n-hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, methylcyclohexane, methylcycloheptane, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, or a mixture thereof. 41. A composition comprising:
a hydrocarbon solvent comprising cyclohexane, cycloheptane, methylcyclohexane, methylcycloheptane, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, or a mixture thereof; and a catalyst deactivating agent comprising a natural source oil, wherein the natural source oil comprises a tallow oil, an olive oil, a peanut oil, a castor bean oil, a sunflower oil, a sesame oil, a poppy seed oil, a palm oil, an almond seed oil, a hazelnut oil, a rapeseed oil, a canola oil, a soybean oil, a corn oil, a safflower oil, a cottonseed oil, a camelina oil, a flaxseed oil, a walnut oil, or any combination thereof. 42. The composition of claim 41, wherein the natural source oil comprises a soybean oil, a corn oil, a canola oil, a castor bean oil, or any combination thereof. 43. The composition of claim 41, wherein a weight ratio of the hydrocarbon solvent to the natural source oil is in a range from about 500:1 to about 1:50. | Catalyst deactivating agents and compositions containing catalyst deactivating agents are disclosed. These catalyst deactivating agents can be used in methods of controlling polymerization reactions, methods of terminating polymerization reactions, methods of operating polymerization reactors, and methods of transitioning between catalyst systems.1-23. (canceled) 24. A composition comprising:
isobutane; and a catalyst deactivating agent comprising a natural source oil, a siloxane, or a combination thereof. 25. The composition of claim 24, wherein:
the catalyst deactivating agent comprises the natural source oil; and the natural source oil comprises a tallow oil, an olive oil, a peanut oil, a castor bean oil, a sunflower oil, a sesame oil, a poppy seed oil, a palm oil, an almond seed oil, a hazelnut oil, a rapeseed oil, a canola oil, a soybean oil, a corn oil, a safflower oil, a cottonseed oil, a camelina oil, a flaxseed oil, a walnut oil, or any combination thereof. 26. The composition of claim 24, wherein:
the catalyst deactivating agent comprises the natural source oil; and the natural source oil comprises a soybean oil, a corn oil, a canola oil, a castor bean oil, or any combination thereof. 27. The composition of claim 24, wherein:
the catalyst deactivating agent comprises the natural source oil; and the natural source oil comprises a corn oil. 28. The composition of claim 24, wherein:
the catalyst deactivating agent comprises the siloxane; and the siloxane has the formula: 29. The composition of claim 28, wherein:
each R independently is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, phenyl, or benzyl; and the siloxane has a viscosity in a range from 2 to 2,500 cSt at 25° C. 30. The composition of claim 24, wherein:
the catalyst deactivating agent comprises the siloxane; and the siloxane comprises a polydimethylsiloxane. 31. The composition of claim 30, wherein the polydimethylsiloxane has a viscosity in a range from 2 to 1,000 cSt at 25° C. 32. The composition of claim 24, wherein the catalyst deactivating agent:
has a boiling point of at least 100° C.; is miscible with a C3 to C10 hydrocarbon solvent; and is a liquid throughout a temperature range of 20° C. to 80° C. 33. The composition of claim 24, wherein the catalyst deactivating agent:
has a boiling point of at least 120° C.; is miscible with isobutane; and is a liquid throughout a temperature range of −20° C. to 100° C. 34. The composition of claim 24, wherein a weight ratio of isobutane to the catalyst deactivating agent is in a range from about 1000:1 to about 1:100. 35. The composition of claim 24, wherein a weight ratio of isobutane to the catalyst deactivating agent is in a range from about 100:1 to about 1:10. 36. A composition comprising:
a hydrocarbon solvent having from 3 to 18 carbon atoms; and a catalyst deactivating agent comprising a siloxane characterized by a viscosity in a range from 2 to 5,000 cSt at 25° C. 37. The composition of claim 36, wherein the siloxane comprises a polydimethylsiloxane. 38. The composition of claim 36, wherein the viscosity is in a range from 2 to 500 cSt at 25° C. 39. The composition of claim 36, wherein a weight ratio of the hydrocarbon solvent to the siloxane is in a range from about 100:1 to about 1:10. 40. The composition of claim 36, wherein the hydrocarbon solvent comprises propane, isobutane, n-butane, n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane, n-hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, methylcyclohexane, methylcycloheptane, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, or a mixture thereof. 41. A composition comprising:
a hydrocarbon solvent comprising cyclohexane, cycloheptane, methylcyclohexane, methylcycloheptane, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, or a mixture thereof; and a catalyst deactivating agent comprising a natural source oil, wherein the natural source oil comprises a tallow oil, an olive oil, a peanut oil, a castor bean oil, a sunflower oil, a sesame oil, a poppy seed oil, a palm oil, an almond seed oil, a hazelnut oil, a rapeseed oil, a canola oil, a soybean oil, a corn oil, a safflower oil, a cottonseed oil, a camelina oil, a flaxseed oil, a walnut oil, or any combination thereof. 42. The composition of claim 41, wherein the natural source oil comprises a soybean oil, a corn oil, a canola oil, a castor bean oil, or any combination thereof. 43. The composition of claim 41, wherein a weight ratio of the hydrocarbon solvent to the natural source oil is in a range from about 500:1 to about 1:50. | 3,600 |
341,030 | 16,801,317 | 3,632 | A chair-type massage machine includes a main body on which a person to be treated is to be seated, a holding part at least part of which is placed inside a container recess to hold a first operation unit, and a moving mechanism for moving the holding part. The holding part is reciprocatably moved between a first position in which the first operation unit is contained in the container recess and a second position in which the first operation unit is exposed. The chair-type massage machine further includes a second operation unit for moving the holding part. | 1. A chair-type massage machine comprising:
a main body on which a person to be treated is to be seated; a first operation unit for accepting an input operation made by the person to be treated; a container recess formed in the main body and capable of containing the first operation unit; a holding part at least part of which is placed inside the container recess to hold the first operation unit; a moving mechanism for moving the holding part; and a second operation unit which is placed on the main body and which, based on an operation by the person to be treated, instructs the moving mechanism to execute movement of the holding part, wherein the holding part is reciprocatably movable by the moving mechanism between a first position in which at least part of the first operation unit is contained inside the container recess and a second position in which the first operation unit is exposed out of the container recess at a ratio larger than that of the first position. 2. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 1, wherein
the moving mechanism includes a biasing part placed in the container recess to bias the holding part in a direction directed from the first position toward the second position, the second operation unit includes a lock part placed in the container recess to restrict movement of the holding part set in the first position, and when the second operation unit is operated, the lock part derestricts movement of the holding part. 3. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 1, wherein
the moving mechanism includes an electric actuator enabled to reciprocatably move the holding part between the first position and the second position, and when the second operation unit is operated, the moving mechanism either moves the holding part, which is in the first position, to the second position, or moves the holding part, which is in the second position, to the first position. 4. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 3, further comprising
a detection unit for detecting a seating of the person to be treated, wherein the moving mechanism is enabled to move the holding part to the second position when the detection unit detects a seating of the person to be treated. 5. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 3, wherein
the main body with the person to be treated seated thereon is changeable between a sitting position in which an upper-half body of the person to be treated is raised up and a lying position in which the upper-half body of the person to be treated is tilted backward, and the moving mechanism is enabled to move the holding part toward the second position for a transition of the main body from the sitting position to the lying position, and to move the holding part toward the first position for a transition of the main body to the sitting position. 6. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 3, wherein
the moving mechanism stops the holding part at a third position which is an intermediate position between the first position and the second position. 7. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 1, wherein
the main body includes: an armrest part which is placed beside a seat part for holding buttocks and thighs of the person to be treated and which is enabled to hold a forearm of the person to be treated, and a backrest part for holding an upper-half body of the person to be treated, wherein the container recess is formed either in an upper face of the armrest part or in a front face of a lateral portion of the backrest part. | A chair-type massage machine includes a main body on which a person to be treated is to be seated, a holding part at least part of which is placed inside a container recess to hold a first operation unit, and a moving mechanism for moving the holding part. The holding part is reciprocatably moved between a first position in which the first operation unit is contained in the container recess and a second position in which the first operation unit is exposed. The chair-type massage machine further includes a second operation unit for moving the holding part.1. A chair-type massage machine comprising:
a main body on which a person to be treated is to be seated; a first operation unit for accepting an input operation made by the person to be treated; a container recess formed in the main body and capable of containing the first operation unit; a holding part at least part of which is placed inside the container recess to hold the first operation unit; a moving mechanism for moving the holding part; and a second operation unit which is placed on the main body and which, based on an operation by the person to be treated, instructs the moving mechanism to execute movement of the holding part, wherein the holding part is reciprocatably movable by the moving mechanism between a first position in which at least part of the first operation unit is contained inside the container recess and a second position in which the first operation unit is exposed out of the container recess at a ratio larger than that of the first position. 2. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 1, wherein
the moving mechanism includes a biasing part placed in the container recess to bias the holding part in a direction directed from the first position toward the second position, the second operation unit includes a lock part placed in the container recess to restrict movement of the holding part set in the first position, and when the second operation unit is operated, the lock part derestricts movement of the holding part. 3. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 1, wherein
the moving mechanism includes an electric actuator enabled to reciprocatably move the holding part between the first position and the second position, and when the second operation unit is operated, the moving mechanism either moves the holding part, which is in the first position, to the second position, or moves the holding part, which is in the second position, to the first position. 4. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 3, further comprising
a detection unit for detecting a seating of the person to be treated, wherein the moving mechanism is enabled to move the holding part to the second position when the detection unit detects a seating of the person to be treated. 5. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 3, wherein
the main body with the person to be treated seated thereon is changeable between a sitting position in which an upper-half body of the person to be treated is raised up and a lying position in which the upper-half body of the person to be treated is tilted backward, and the moving mechanism is enabled to move the holding part toward the second position for a transition of the main body from the sitting position to the lying position, and to move the holding part toward the first position for a transition of the main body to the sitting position. 6. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 3, wherein
the moving mechanism stops the holding part at a third position which is an intermediate position between the first position and the second position. 7. The chair-type massage machine according to claim 1, wherein
the main body includes: an armrest part which is placed beside a seat part for holding buttocks and thighs of the person to be treated and which is enabled to hold a forearm of the person to be treated, and a backrest part for holding an upper-half body of the person to be treated, wherein the container recess is formed either in an upper face of the armrest part or in a front face of a lateral portion of the backrest part. | 3,600 |
341,031 | 16,801,292 | 3,632 | A tip assembly includes a tip including a body having a narrow tip portion, a broad attachment portion that defines a concave surface, an interior disposed between the broad attachment portion and the narrow tip portion, and a cavity that leads from the concave surface toward the interior. A retention bolt that is heated includes a tapered region, and a shaft extending from the tapered region, terminating at an externally threaded end. The cavity of the tip is at least partially complimentarily shaped to the tapered region of the retention bolt. | 1. A compactor wheel assembly comprising:
a hub including an annular configuration that defines a radial direction, a circumferential direction, an axis of rotation, and an aperture extending radially through the hub; a tip that defines an exterior, an interior, and a cavity that extends from the interior to the exterior that is aligned with the aperture of the hub; and a heated or cooled retention bolt disposed in the cavity of the tip that extends from the cavity of the tip through the aperture of the hub; wherein the retention bolt includes an enlarged end that is disposed in the cavity, and the cavity includes an enlarged interior portion that is configured to receive the enlarged end of the retention bolt. 2. The compactor wheel assembly of claim 1, wherein the enlarged end of the retention bolt includes a tapered portion and the enlarged interior portion of the cavity includes an interior tapered portion. 3. The compactor wheel assembly of claim 2 wherein the retention bolt further comprises an elliptical shaft portion and the cavity includes at least partially an interior elliptical portion extending from the enlarged interior portion to the exterior of the tip, and the elliptical shaft portion extends radially inwardly through the at least partially interior elliptical portion of the cavity of the tip and through the hub. 4. The compactor wheel assembly of claim 3 wherein the elliptical shaft portion terminates at a cylindrical free end that is disposed radially inwardly of the hub. 5. The compactor wheel assembly of claim 3 wherein the cylindrical free end includes an externally threaded portion and further comprises a nut threaded onto the externally threaded portion. 6. The compactor wheel assembly of claim 5 further comprising a load washer disposed radially between the hub and the nut. 7. The compactor wheel assembly of claim 4 further comprising a heat transfer element disposed in the cylindrical free end of the retention bolt. 8. The compactor wheel assembly of claim 7 wherein the heat transfer element is an induction heating element and further comprising an electrical conduit connected to the induction heating element. 9. A tip assembly comprising:
a tip including a body comprising a narrow tip portion, a broad attachment portion that defines a concave surface, an interior disposed between the broad attachment portion and the narrow tip portion, and a cavity that leads from the concave surface toward the interior; and a retention bolt including an enlarged end and a shaft extending from the enlarged end terminating at an externally threaded end; wherein the cavity of the tip is configured to receive the enlarged end of the retention bolt, and the retention bolt is configured to be heated. 10. The tip assembly of claim 9 wherein the enlarged end includes a hex head or a tapered head. 11. The tip assembly of claim 10 wherein the cavity includes a concave non-surface of revolution and the shaft includes a convex non-surface of revolution that is complimentarily shaped to the concave non-surface of revolution of the cavity, and the concave non-surface of revolution of the cavity extends to the concave surface of the tip. 12. The tip assembly of claim 11 further comprising a nut that is configured to be threaded onto the externally threaded end of the retention bolt. 13. The tip assembly of claim 12 further comprising a load washer configured to receive the shaft of the retention bolt. 14. The tip assembly of claim 11 wherein the cavity of the tip has a tapered slot and the retention bolt is attached to the tip such that the tapered head of the retention bolt is disposed in the tapered slot of the cavity of the tip and the shaft of the retention bolt is disposed proximate to the concave non-surface of revolution of the cavity of the tip. 15. The tip assembly of claim 9 further comprising an induction heat element that is disposed in the externally threaded end of the retention bolt. 16. A method for attaching a tip to a compactor wheel assembly comprising:
attaching a retention fastener to a tip; inserting the retention fastener through a hub; and heating or cooling a component of the compactor wheel assembly. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the step of heating or cooling a component of the compactor wheel assembly includes heating the retention fastener to lengthen the retention fastener. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising torquing a nut on a threaded end of the retention fastener. 19. The method of claim 18 further comprising ceasing to heat the retention fastener to allow the retention fastener to contract. 20. The method of claim 16 wherein the step of heating or cooling a component of the compactor wheel assembly includes cooling the tip. 21. A retention bolt comprises:
an enlarged end and a shaft extending from the enlarged end terminating at an externally threaded end; and a heat transfer element contacting the externally threaded end. 22. A tip comprises:
a body including
a narrow tip portion;
a broad attachment portion that defines a concave surface;
an interior disposed between the broad attachment portion and the narrow tip portion;
a cavity that leads from the concave surface toward the interior, the cavity having an enlarged portion. | A tip assembly includes a tip including a body having a narrow tip portion, a broad attachment portion that defines a concave surface, an interior disposed between the broad attachment portion and the narrow tip portion, and a cavity that leads from the concave surface toward the interior. A retention bolt that is heated includes a tapered region, and a shaft extending from the tapered region, terminating at an externally threaded end. The cavity of the tip is at least partially complimentarily shaped to the tapered region of the retention bolt.1. A compactor wheel assembly comprising:
a hub including an annular configuration that defines a radial direction, a circumferential direction, an axis of rotation, and an aperture extending radially through the hub; a tip that defines an exterior, an interior, and a cavity that extends from the interior to the exterior that is aligned with the aperture of the hub; and a heated or cooled retention bolt disposed in the cavity of the tip that extends from the cavity of the tip through the aperture of the hub; wherein the retention bolt includes an enlarged end that is disposed in the cavity, and the cavity includes an enlarged interior portion that is configured to receive the enlarged end of the retention bolt. 2. The compactor wheel assembly of claim 1, wherein the enlarged end of the retention bolt includes a tapered portion and the enlarged interior portion of the cavity includes an interior tapered portion. 3. The compactor wheel assembly of claim 2 wherein the retention bolt further comprises an elliptical shaft portion and the cavity includes at least partially an interior elliptical portion extending from the enlarged interior portion to the exterior of the tip, and the elliptical shaft portion extends radially inwardly through the at least partially interior elliptical portion of the cavity of the tip and through the hub. 4. The compactor wheel assembly of claim 3 wherein the elliptical shaft portion terminates at a cylindrical free end that is disposed radially inwardly of the hub. 5. The compactor wheel assembly of claim 3 wherein the cylindrical free end includes an externally threaded portion and further comprises a nut threaded onto the externally threaded portion. 6. The compactor wheel assembly of claim 5 further comprising a load washer disposed radially between the hub and the nut. 7. The compactor wheel assembly of claim 4 further comprising a heat transfer element disposed in the cylindrical free end of the retention bolt. 8. The compactor wheel assembly of claim 7 wherein the heat transfer element is an induction heating element and further comprising an electrical conduit connected to the induction heating element. 9. A tip assembly comprising:
a tip including a body comprising a narrow tip portion, a broad attachment portion that defines a concave surface, an interior disposed between the broad attachment portion and the narrow tip portion, and a cavity that leads from the concave surface toward the interior; and a retention bolt including an enlarged end and a shaft extending from the enlarged end terminating at an externally threaded end; wherein the cavity of the tip is configured to receive the enlarged end of the retention bolt, and the retention bolt is configured to be heated. 10. The tip assembly of claim 9 wherein the enlarged end includes a hex head or a tapered head. 11. The tip assembly of claim 10 wherein the cavity includes a concave non-surface of revolution and the shaft includes a convex non-surface of revolution that is complimentarily shaped to the concave non-surface of revolution of the cavity, and the concave non-surface of revolution of the cavity extends to the concave surface of the tip. 12. The tip assembly of claim 11 further comprising a nut that is configured to be threaded onto the externally threaded end of the retention bolt. 13. The tip assembly of claim 12 further comprising a load washer configured to receive the shaft of the retention bolt. 14. The tip assembly of claim 11 wherein the cavity of the tip has a tapered slot and the retention bolt is attached to the tip such that the tapered head of the retention bolt is disposed in the tapered slot of the cavity of the tip and the shaft of the retention bolt is disposed proximate to the concave non-surface of revolution of the cavity of the tip. 15. The tip assembly of claim 9 further comprising an induction heat element that is disposed in the externally threaded end of the retention bolt. 16. A method for attaching a tip to a compactor wheel assembly comprising:
attaching a retention fastener to a tip; inserting the retention fastener through a hub; and heating or cooling a component of the compactor wheel assembly. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the step of heating or cooling a component of the compactor wheel assembly includes heating the retention fastener to lengthen the retention fastener. 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising torquing a nut on a threaded end of the retention fastener. 19. The method of claim 18 further comprising ceasing to heat the retention fastener to allow the retention fastener to contract. 20. The method of claim 16 wherein the step of heating or cooling a component of the compactor wheel assembly includes cooling the tip. 21. A retention bolt comprises:
an enlarged end and a shaft extending from the enlarged end terminating at an externally threaded end; and a heat transfer element contacting the externally threaded end. 22. A tip comprises:
a body including
a narrow tip portion;
a broad attachment portion that defines a concave surface;
an interior disposed between the broad attachment portion and the narrow tip portion;
a cavity that leads from the concave surface toward the interior, the cavity having an enlarged portion. | 3,600 |
341,032 | 16,801,303 | 3,632 | Computing clusters can be automatically configured according to some aspects described herein. For example, a system can receive configuration datasets from instantiated objects in a management cluster. The configuration datasets can be for configuring target objects in managed clusters, where the managed clusters are separate from the management cluster. The system can then configure the target objects within each of the managed clusters based on the configuration datasets. | 1. A system comprising:
a processor; and a memory comprising instructions that are executable by the processor for causing the processor to:
receive a plurality of configuration datasets from a plurality of instantiated objects in a management cluster, the plurality of configuration datasets being for configuring a plurality of target objects in a plurality of managed clusters separate from the management cluster; and
configure the plurality of target objects within each managed cluster among the plurality of managed clusters based on the plurality of configuration datasets. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein each instantiated object among the plurality of instantiated objects includes a respective configuration dataset for configuring a respective target object among the plurality of target objects within one or more managed clusters. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the memory further comprises instructions that are executable by the processor for causing the processor to:
concurrently configure the plurality of target objects within a managed cluster among the plurality of managed clusters by applying the plurality of configuration datasets in parallel to the plurality of target objects within the managed cluster. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the memory further comprises instructions that are executable by the processor for causing the processor to:
receive a message from an event service in the management cluster; detect an event based on the message, the event being associated with an instantiated object among the plurality of instantiated objects, the instantiated object including a configuration dataset for configuring a target object among the plurality of target objects; and based on detecting the event, reconfigure the target object in the plurality of managed clusters. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the event is a change event triggered by a modification of the configuration dataset, and wherein the target object is reconfigured in the plurality of clusters based on the modification to the configuration dataset. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the memory further comprises instructions that are executable by the processor for causing the processor to, in response to detecting the change event:
determine a first hashed value associated with a first version of the configuration dataset; determine a second hashed value associated with a second version of the configuration dataset; determine that the first hashed value is different than the second hashed value; and based on determining that the first hashed value is different than the second hashed value, reconfigure the target object in the plurality of managed clusters. 7. The system of claim 4, wherein the event is a removal event triggered by a removal of the instantiated object from the management cluster, and wherein the target object is reconfigured in the plurality of managed clusters to remove a configuration setting previously applied to the target object as a result of the instantiated object. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the memory further comprises instructions that are executable by the processor for causing the processor to:
determine that a predefined time interval has passed, the predefined time interval being associated with a target object among the plurality of target objects; and in response to determining that the predefined time interval has passed, reconfigure the target object within the plurality of managed clusters based on a corresponding configuration dataset among the plurality of configuration datasets. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the memory further comprises instructions that are executable by the processor for causing the processor to configure the plurality of target objects within a managed cluster among the plurality of managed clusters by:
determining a plurality of application programming interface (API) requests based on the plurality of configuration datasets; and transmitting the plurality of API requests to an API of the managed cluster, the managed cluster being operable to configure the plurality of target objects in response to receiving the API requests. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the memory further comprises instructions that are executable by the processor for causing the processor to:
receive a first configuration dataset from a first instantiated object of the plurality of instantiated objects; and generate a second instantiated object within the management cluster based on the first configuration dataset, the second instantiated object including a second configuration dataset for configuring a target object in the plurality of managed clusters. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein an instantiated object among the plurality of instantiated objects includes sensitive information for configuring a target object among the plurality of target objects, and wherein the memory further comprises instructions that are executable by the processor for causing the processor to:
determine a subset of managed clusters authorized to access the sensitive information from among the plurality of managed clusters; and transmit the sensitive information only to the subset of managed clusters for causing the subset of managed clusters to configure the target object using the sensitive information. 12. A method comprising:
receiving, by a processor, a plurality of configuration datasets from a plurality of instantiated objects in a management cluster, the plurality of configuration datasets being for configuring a plurality of target objects in a plurality of managed clusters separate from the management cluster; and configuring, by the processor, the plurality of target objects within each managed cluster among the plurality of managed clusters based on the plurality of configuration datasets. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
concurrently configuring the plurality of target objects within a managed cluster among the plurality of managed clusters by applying the plurality of configuration datasets in parallel to the plurality of target objects within the managed cluster. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
detecting an event associated with an instantiated object among the plurality of instantiated objects, the instantiated object including a configuration dataset for configuring a target object among the plurality of target objects; and based on detecting the event, reconfiguring the target object in the plurality of managed clusters. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the event is a change event triggered by a modification of the configuration dataset, and wherein the target object is reconfigured in the plurality of clusters based on the modification to the configuration dataset. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising, in response to detecting the change event:
determining a first hashed value associated with a first version of the configuration dataset; determining a second hashed value associated with a second version of the configuration dataset; determining that the first hashed value is different than the second hashed value; and based on determining that the first hashed value is different than the second hashed value, reconfiguring the target object in the plurality of managed clusters. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the event is a removal event triggered by a removal of the instantiated object from the management cluster, and wherein the target object is reconfigured in the plurality of managed clusters to remove a configuration setting previously applied to the target object as a result of the instantiated object. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
determining that a predefined time interval has passed since a target object among the plurality of target objects was last configured in the plurality of managed clusters; and in response to determining that the predefined time interval has passed, reconfiguring the target object within the plurality of managed clusters based on a corresponding configuration dataset among the plurality of configuration datasets. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein an instantiated object among the plurality of instantiated objects includes sensitive information for configuring a target object among the plurality of target objects, and further comprising:
determining a subset of managed clusters authorized to access the sensitive information from among the plurality of managed clusters; and transmitting the sensitive information only to the subset of managed clusters for causing the subset of managed clusters to configure the target object using the sensitive information. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program code that is executable by a processor for causing the processor to:
receive a plurality of configuration datasets from a plurality of instantiated objects in a management cluster, the plurality of configuration datasets being for configuring a plurality of target objects in a plurality of managed clusters separate from the management cluster; and configure the plurality of target objects within each managed cluster among the plurality of managed clusters based on the plurality of configuration datasets. | Computing clusters can be automatically configured according to some aspects described herein. For example, a system can receive configuration datasets from instantiated objects in a management cluster. The configuration datasets can be for configuring target objects in managed clusters, where the managed clusters are separate from the management cluster. The system can then configure the target objects within each of the managed clusters based on the configuration datasets.1. A system comprising:
a processor; and a memory comprising instructions that are executable by the processor for causing the processor to:
receive a plurality of configuration datasets from a plurality of instantiated objects in a management cluster, the plurality of configuration datasets being for configuring a plurality of target objects in a plurality of managed clusters separate from the management cluster; and
configure the plurality of target objects within each managed cluster among the plurality of managed clusters based on the plurality of configuration datasets. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein each instantiated object among the plurality of instantiated objects includes a respective configuration dataset for configuring a respective target object among the plurality of target objects within one or more managed clusters. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the memory further comprises instructions that are executable by the processor for causing the processor to:
concurrently configure the plurality of target objects within a managed cluster among the plurality of managed clusters by applying the plurality of configuration datasets in parallel to the plurality of target objects within the managed cluster. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the memory further comprises instructions that are executable by the processor for causing the processor to:
receive a message from an event service in the management cluster; detect an event based on the message, the event being associated with an instantiated object among the plurality of instantiated objects, the instantiated object including a configuration dataset for configuring a target object among the plurality of target objects; and based on detecting the event, reconfigure the target object in the plurality of managed clusters. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the event is a change event triggered by a modification of the configuration dataset, and wherein the target object is reconfigured in the plurality of clusters based on the modification to the configuration dataset. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the memory further comprises instructions that are executable by the processor for causing the processor to, in response to detecting the change event:
determine a first hashed value associated with a first version of the configuration dataset; determine a second hashed value associated with a second version of the configuration dataset; determine that the first hashed value is different than the second hashed value; and based on determining that the first hashed value is different than the second hashed value, reconfigure the target object in the plurality of managed clusters. 7. The system of claim 4, wherein the event is a removal event triggered by a removal of the instantiated object from the management cluster, and wherein the target object is reconfigured in the plurality of managed clusters to remove a configuration setting previously applied to the target object as a result of the instantiated object. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the memory further comprises instructions that are executable by the processor for causing the processor to:
determine that a predefined time interval has passed, the predefined time interval being associated with a target object among the plurality of target objects; and in response to determining that the predefined time interval has passed, reconfigure the target object within the plurality of managed clusters based on a corresponding configuration dataset among the plurality of configuration datasets. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the memory further comprises instructions that are executable by the processor for causing the processor to configure the plurality of target objects within a managed cluster among the plurality of managed clusters by:
determining a plurality of application programming interface (API) requests based on the plurality of configuration datasets; and transmitting the plurality of API requests to an API of the managed cluster, the managed cluster being operable to configure the plurality of target objects in response to receiving the API requests. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the memory further comprises instructions that are executable by the processor for causing the processor to:
receive a first configuration dataset from a first instantiated object of the plurality of instantiated objects; and generate a second instantiated object within the management cluster based on the first configuration dataset, the second instantiated object including a second configuration dataset for configuring a target object in the plurality of managed clusters. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein an instantiated object among the plurality of instantiated objects includes sensitive information for configuring a target object among the plurality of target objects, and wherein the memory further comprises instructions that are executable by the processor for causing the processor to:
determine a subset of managed clusters authorized to access the sensitive information from among the plurality of managed clusters; and transmit the sensitive information only to the subset of managed clusters for causing the subset of managed clusters to configure the target object using the sensitive information. 12. A method comprising:
receiving, by a processor, a plurality of configuration datasets from a plurality of instantiated objects in a management cluster, the plurality of configuration datasets being for configuring a plurality of target objects in a plurality of managed clusters separate from the management cluster; and configuring, by the processor, the plurality of target objects within each managed cluster among the plurality of managed clusters based on the plurality of configuration datasets. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
concurrently configuring the plurality of target objects within a managed cluster among the plurality of managed clusters by applying the plurality of configuration datasets in parallel to the plurality of target objects within the managed cluster. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
detecting an event associated with an instantiated object among the plurality of instantiated objects, the instantiated object including a configuration dataset for configuring a target object among the plurality of target objects; and based on detecting the event, reconfiguring the target object in the plurality of managed clusters. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the event is a change event triggered by a modification of the configuration dataset, and wherein the target object is reconfigured in the plurality of clusters based on the modification to the configuration dataset. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising, in response to detecting the change event:
determining a first hashed value associated with a first version of the configuration dataset; determining a second hashed value associated with a second version of the configuration dataset; determining that the first hashed value is different than the second hashed value; and based on determining that the first hashed value is different than the second hashed value, reconfiguring the target object in the plurality of managed clusters. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the event is a removal event triggered by a removal of the instantiated object from the management cluster, and wherein the target object is reconfigured in the plurality of managed clusters to remove a configuration setting previously applied to the target object as a result of the instantiated object. 18. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
determining that a predefined time interval has passed since a target object among the plurality of target objects was last configured in the plurality of managed clusters; and in response to determining that the predefined time interval has passed, reconfiguring the target object within the plurality of managed clusters based on a corresponding configuration dataset among the plurality of configuration datasets. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein an instantiated object among the plurality of instantiated objects includes sensitive information for configuring a target object among the plurality of target objects, and further comprising:
determining a subset of managed clusters authorized to access the sensitive information from among the plurality of managed clusters; and transmitting the sensitive information only to the subset of managed clusters for causing the subset of managed clusters to configure the target object using the sensitive information. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising program code that is executable by a processor for causing the processor to:
receive a plurality of configuration datasets from a plurality of instantiated objects in a management cluster, the plurality of configuration datasets being for configuring a plurality of target objects in a plurality of managed clusters separate from the management cluster; and configure the plurality of target objects within each managed cluster among the plurality of managed clusters based on the plurality of configuration datasets. | 3,600 |
341,033 | 16,801,280 | 3,632 | Aspects of the invention include initializing a local key manager (LKM) on a node of a computing environment. The node includes a plurality of channels. The LKM is configured to provide a secure data transfer between the node and an other node of the computing environment. A connection is established, by the LKM, between the LKM and an external key manager (EKM) that stores a shared key for the node and the other node. In response to establishing the connection, the LKM registers security capabilities of the plurality of channels. The security capabilities are used by the LKM to provide the secure data transfer between the node and the other node. | 1. A computer program product for facilitating processing in a computing environment, the computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage medium readable by one or more processing circuits and storing instructions for performing operations comprising:
initializing a local key manager (LKM) on a node of the computing environment, the node comprising a plurality of channels, and the LKM configured to provide a secure data transfer between the node and an other node of the computing environment;
establishing, by the LKM a connection between the LKM and an external key manager (EKM) that stores a shared key for the node and the other node; and
in response to establishing the connection, registering, by the LKM, security capabilities of the plurality of channels, the security capabilities used by the LKM to provide the secure data transfer between the node and the other node. 2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the node is a host computer and the LKM executes in a logical partition of the host computer. 3. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the providing the secure data transfer comprises managing private keys for at least a subset of the plurality of channels. 4. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the establishing a connection comprises initiating a request to the EKM for the connection, the request comprising an authentication certificate assigned to the node. 5. The computer program product of claim 4, wherein the connection is established based at least in response to the EKM recognizing the authentication certificate. 6. The computer program product of claim 4, wherein the request is a key management interoperability protocol (KMIP) message that is sent via a transport layer security (TLS) session to the EKM 7. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the node is a host computer or a storage array. 8. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the other node is a host computer or a storage array. 9. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the channel is a host bus adapter (HBA). 10. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the LKM is further configured to provide a secure data transfer between two of the plurality of channels on the node. 11. A computer-implemented method of facilitating processing within a computing environment, the computer-implemented method comprising:
initializing a local key manager (LKM) on a node of the computing environment, the node comprising a plurality of channels, and the LKM configured to provide a secure data transfer between the node and an other node of the computing environment; establishing, by the LKM a connection between the LKM and an external key manager (EKM) that stores a shared key for the node and the other node; and in response to establishing the connection, registering, by the LKM, security capabilities of the plurality of channels, the security capabilities used by the LKM to provide the secure data transfer between the node and the other node. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the node is a host computer and the LKM executes in a logical partition of the host computer. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the providing the secure data transfer comprises managing private keys for at least a subset of the plurality of channels. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the establishing a connection comprises initiating a request to the EKM for the connection, the request comprising an authentication certificate assigned to the node. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the request is a key management interoperability protocol (KMIP) message that is sent via a transport layer security (TLS) session to the EKM 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the node is a host computer or a storage array. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the channel is a host bus adapter (HBA). 18. A computer system for facilitating processing within a computing environment, the computer system comprising:
a node; and a plurality of channels coupled to the node, wherein the computer system is configured to perform operations comprising:
initializing a local key manager (LKM) on the node, the node comprising a plurality of channels, and the LKM configured to provide a secure data transfer between the node and an other node;
establishing, by the LKM a connection between the LKM and an external key manager (EKM) that stores a shared key for the node and the other node; and
in response to establishing the connection, registering, by the LKM, security capabilities of the plurality of channels, the security capabilities used by the LKM to provide the secure data transfer between the node and the other node. 19. The computer system of claim 18, wherein the node is a host computer and the LKM executes in a logical partition of the host computer. 20. The computer system of claim 18, wherein the establishing a connection comprises initiating a request to the EKM for the connection, the request comprising an authentication certificate assigned to the node. | Aspects of the invention include initializing a local key manager (LKM) on a node of a computing environment. The node includes a plurality of channels. The LKM is configured to provide a secure data transfer between the node and an other node of the computing environment. A connection is established, by the LKM, between the LKM and an external key manager (EKM) that stores a shared key for the node and the other node. In response to establishing the connection, the LKM registers security capabilities of the plurality of channels. The security capabilities are used by the LKM to provide the secure data transfer between the node and the other node.1. A computer program product for facilitating processing in a computing environment, the computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage medium readable by one or more processing circuits and storing instructions for performing operations comprising:
initializing a local key manager (LKM) on a node of the computing environment, the node comprising a plurality of channels, and the LKM configured to provide a secure data transfer between the node and an other node of the computing environment;
establishing, by the LKM a connection between the LKM and an external key manager (EKM) that stores a shared key for the node and the other node; and
in response to establishing the connection, registering, by the LKM, security capabilities of the plurality of channels, the security capabilities used by the LKM to provide the secure data transfer between the node and the other node. 2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the node is a host computer and the LKM executes in a logical partition of the host computer. 3. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the providing the secure data transfer comprises managing private keys for at least a subset of the plurality of channels. 4. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the establishing a connection comprises initiating a request to the EKM for the connection, the request comprising an authentication certificate assigned to the node. 5. The computer program product of claim 4, wherein the connection is established based at least in response to the EKM recognizing the authentication certificate. 6. The computer program product of claim 4, wherein the request is a key management interoperability protocol (KMIP) message that is sent via a transport layer security (TLS) session to the EKM 7. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the node is a host computer or a storage array. 8. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the other node is a host computer or a storage array. 9. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the channel is a host bus adapter (HBA). 10. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the LKM is further configured to provide a secure data transfer between two of the plurality of channels on the node. 11. A computer-implemented method of facilitating processing within a computing environment, the computer-implemented method comprising:
initializing a local key manager (LKM) on a node of the computing environment, the node comprising a plurality of channels, and the LKM configured to provide a secure data transfer between the node and an other node of the computing environment; establishing, by the LKM a connection between the LKM and an external key manager (EKM) that stores a shared key for the node and the other node; and in response to establishing the connection, registering, by the LKM, security capabilities of the plurality of channels, the security capabilities used by the LKM to provide the secure data transfer between the node and the other node. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the node is a host computer and the LKM executes in a logical partition of the host computer. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the providing the secure data transfer comprises managing private keys for at least a subset of the plurality of channels. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the establishing a connection comprises initiating a request to the EKM for the connection, the request comprising an authentication certificate assigned to the node. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the request is a key management interoperability protocol (KMIP) message that is sent via a transport layer security (TLS) session to the EKM 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the node is a host computer or a storage array. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the channel is a host bus adapter (HBA). 18. A computer system for facilitating processing within a computing environment, the computer system comprising:
a node; and a plurality of channels coupled to the node, wherein the computer system is configured to perform operations comprising:
initializing a local key manager (LKM) on the node, the node comprising a plurality of channels, and the LKM configured to provide a secure data transfer between the node and an other node;
establishing, by the LKM a connection between the LKM and an external key manager (EKM) that stores a shared key for the node and the other node; and
in response to establishing the connection, registering, by the LKM, security capabilities of the plurality of channels, the security capabilities used by the LKM to provide the secure data transfer between the node and the other node. 19. The computer system of claim 18, wherein the node is a host computer and the LKM executes in a logical partition of the host computer. 20. The computer system of claim 18, wherein the establishing a connection comprises initiating a request to the EKM for the connection, the request comprising an authentication certificate assigned to the node. | 3,600 |
341,034 | 16,801,347 | 3,632 | A network node associated with a retail store receives digital images from customers who have initiated a customer transaction at a first location. The digital images are unique and are associated with the transaction. The transaction is then temporarily suspended. To resume the transaction, the customer provides information describing features of the previously provided digital image. The network node uses this information to locate the corresponding digital image, and thus, the corresponding suspended transaction, and to authenticate the customer to resume the transaction. Provided the customer is authenticated, the node resumes the suspended transaction. | 1. A method implemented at a network node of resuming a suspended retail customer transaction, the method comprising:
receiving a digital image from a customer at a first location, wherein the digital image is to be associated with a suspended customer transaction initiated by the customer at the first location; extracting feature information from the digital image for use in authenticating the customer based on an image analysis performed on the digital image; receiving information describing one or more features of the digital image, wherein the information is received from a device at second location different from the first location; authenticating the customer to resume the suspended customer transaction responsive to determining that the information received from the device at the second location matches the feature information extracted from the digital image to within a predetermined threshold; and resuming the suspended customer transaction responsive to authenticating the customer. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising determining whether the digital image received from the customer at the first location is unique from other digital images provided by other customers. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the digital image is unique responsive to determining that the digital image is not associated with any other currently suspended customer transactions. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the other currently suspended customer transactions comprise the currently suspended customer transactions in a predetermined geographical region. 5. The method of claim 3 wherein the other currently suspended customer transactions comprise customer transactions currently suspended across a retail enterprise. 6. The method of claim 2 wherein the digital image is unique responsive to determining that the digital image has not been associated with any other customer transactions for a predetermined amount of time. 7. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
associating the digital image with the customer transaction responsive to determining that the digital image is unique; and
requesting the customer to provide a different digital image to use for authentication responsive to determining that the digital image is not unique. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein authenticating the customer to resume the suspended customer transaction comprises authenticating the customer responsive to determining that an amount of the information received from the device at the second location matches a predetermined amount of the feature information extracted from the digital image. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein authenticating the customer to resume the suspended customer transaction comprises requesting additional authentication information from the customer responsive to determining that an amount of the information received from the device at the second location does not match a predetermined amount of the feature information extracted from the digital image. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein authenticating the customer to resume the suspended customer transaction comprises authenticating the customer based on the additional information. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the information received from the device at the second location is provided by the customer that provided the digital image. 12. A computing device configured to resume suspended retail customer transactions, the computing device comprising:
communications circuitry configured to communicate messages with one or more devices via a communications network; and processing circuitry communicatively connected to the communications circuitry and configured to:
receive a digital image from a customer at a first location, wherein the digital image is to be associated with a suspended customer transaction initiated by the customer at the first location;
extract feature information from the digital image for use in authenticating the customer based on an image analysis performed on the digital image;
receive information describing one or more features of the digital image from a device at second location different from the first location;
authenticate the customer to resume the suspended customer transaction responsive to determining that the information received from the device at the second location matches the feature information extracted from the digital image to within a predetermined threshold; and
resume the suspended customer transaction responsive to authenticating the customer. 13. The computing device of claim 12 wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to determine whether the digital image received from the customer at the first location is unique from other digital images provided by other customers. 14. The computing device of claim 13 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to determine that the digital image is unique responsive to determining that the digital image has not been associated with any other customer transactions for a predetermined amount of time. 15. The computing device of claim 13 wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:
associate the digital image with the customer transaction responsive to determining that the digital image is unique; and
request the customer to provide a different digital image to use for authentication responsive to determining that the digital image is not unique. 16. The computing device of claim 12 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to authenticate the customer responsive to determining that an amount of the information received from the device at the second location matches a predetermined amount of the feature information extracted from the digital image. 17. The computing device of claim 12 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to request additional authentication information from the customer responsive to determining that an amount of the information received from the device at the second location does not match a predetermined amount of the feature information extracted from the digital image. 18. The computing device of claim 17 wherein authenticating the customer to resume the suspended customer transaction comprises authenticating the customer based on the additional information. 19. The computing device of claim 12 wherein the information received from the device at the second location is provided by the customer that provided the digital image. 20. A computer readable medium storing program code that, when executed by a processing circuit of a computing device of a retail store, causes the computing device to:
receive a digital image from a customer at a first location, wherein the digital image is to be associated with a suspended customer transaction initiated by the customer at the first location; extract feature information from the digital image for use in authenticating the customer based on an image analysis performed on the digital image; receive information describing one or more features of the digital image from a device at second location different from the first location; authenticate the customer to resume the suspended customer transaction responsive to determining that the information received from the device at the second location matches the feature information extracted from the digital image to within a predetermined threshold; and resume the suspended customer transaction responsive to authenticating the customer. | A network node associated with a retail store receives digital images from customers who have initiated a customer transaction at a first location. The digital images are unique and are associated with the transaction. The transaction is then temporarily suspended. To resume the transaction, the customer provides information describing features of the previously provided digital image. The network node uses this information to locate the corresponding digital image, and thus, the corresponding suspended transaction, and to authenticate the customer to resume the transaction. Provided the customer is authenticated, the node resumes the suspended transaction.1. A method implemented at a network node of resuming a suspended retail customer transaction, the method comprising:
receiving a digital image from a customer at a first location, wherein the digital image is to be associated with a suspended customer transaction initiated by the customer at the first location; extracting feature information from the digital image for use in authenticating the customer based on an image analysis performed on the digital image; receiving information describing one or more features of the digital image, wherein the information is received from a device at second location different from the first location; authenticating the customer to resume the suspended customer transaction responsive to determining that the information received from the device at the second location matches the feature information extracted from the digital image to within a predetermined threshold; and resuming the suspended customer transaction responsive to authenticating the customer. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising determining whether the digital image received from the customer at the first location is unique from other digital images provided by other customers. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the digital image is unique responsive to determining that the digital image is not associated with any other currently suspended customer transactions. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the other currently suspended customer transactions comprise the currently suspended customer transactions in a predetermined geographical region. 5. The method of claim 3 wherein the other currently suspended customer transactions comprise customer transactions currently suspended across a retail enterprise. 6. The method of claim 2 wherein the digital image is unique responsive to determining that the digital image has not been associated with any other customer transactions for a predetermined amount of time. 7. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
associating the digital image with the customer transaction responsive to determining that the digital image is unique; and
requesting the customer to provide a different digital image to use for authentication responsive to determining that the digital image is not unique. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein authenticating the customer to resume the suspended customer transaction comprises authenticating the customer responsive to determining that an amount of the information received from the device at the second location matches a predetermined amount of the feature information extracted from the digital image. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein authenticating the customer to resume the suspended customer transaction comprises requesting additional authentication information from the customer responsive to determining that an amount of the information received from the device at the second location does not match a predetermined amount of the feature information extracted from the digital image. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein authenticating the customer to resume the suspended customer transaction comprises authenticating the customer based on the additional information. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the information received from the device at the second location is provided by the customer that provided the digital image. 12. A computing device configured to resume suspended retail customer transactions, the computing device comprising:
communications circuitry configured to communicate messages with one or more devices via a communications network; and processing circuitry communicatively connected to the communications circuitry and configured to:
receive a digital image from a customer at a first location, wherein the digital image is to be associated with a suspended customer transaction initiated by the customer at the first location;
extract feature information from the digital image for use in authenticating the customer based on an image analysis performed on the digital image;
receive information describing one or more features of the digital image from a device at second location different from the first location;
authenticate the customer to resume the suspended customer transaction responsive to determining that the information received from the device at the second location matches the feature information extracted from the digital image to within a predetermined threshold; and
resume the suspended customer transaction responsive to authenticating the customer. 13. The computing device of claim 12 wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to determine whether the digital image received from the customer at the first location is unique from other digital images provided by other customers. 14. The computing device of claim 13 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to determine that the digital image is unique responsive to determining that the digital image has not been associated with any other customer transactions for a predetermined amount of time. 15. The computing device of claim 13 wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:
associate the digital image with the customer transaction responsive to determining that the digital image is unique; and
request the customer to provide a different digital image to use for authentication responsive to determining that the digital image is not unique. 16. The computing device of claim 12 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to authenticate the customer responsive to determining that an amount of the information received from the device at the second location matches a predetermined amount of the feature information extracted from the digital image. 17. The computing device of claim 12 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to request additional authentication information from the customer responsive to determining that an amount of the information received from the device at the second location does not match a predetermined amount of the feature information extracted from the digital image. 18. The computing device of claim 17 wherein authenticating the customer to resume the suspended customer transaction comprises authenticating the customer based on the additional information. 19. The computing device of claim 12 wherein the information received from the device at the second location is provided by the customer that provided the digital image. 20. A computer readable medium storing program code that, when executed by a processing circuit of a computing device of a retail store, causes the computing device to:
receive a digital image from a customer at a first location, wherein the digital image is to be associated with a suspended customer transaction initiated by the customer at the first location; extract feature information from the digital image for use in authenticating the customer based on an image analysis performed on the digital image; receive information describing one or more features of the digital image from a device at second location different from the first location; authenticate the customer to resume the suspended customer transaction responsive to determining that the information received from the device at the second location matches the feature information extracted from the digital image to within a predetermined threshold; and resume the suspended customer transaction responsive to authenticating the customer. | 3,600 |
341,035 | 16,801,307 | 3,632 | A manufacturing device manufactures a stereoscopic object on the basis of manufacture information. The manufacturing device includes an output configured to display a given pattern on a stereoscopic object during manufacturing, an imager configured to generate an image of the stereoscopic object on which the given pattern is displayed; and a corrector configured to correct the manufacture information in accordance with shape information of the stereoscopic object based on the generated image. | 1. A manufacturing device that manufactures a stereoscopic object on the basis of manufacture information, the manufacturing device comprising:
an output configured to display a given pattern on a stereoscopic object during manufacturing; an imager configured to generate an image of the stereoscopic object on which the given pattern is displayed; and a corrector configured to correct the manufacture information in accordance with shape information of the stereoscopic object based on the generated image. 2. The manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein
the output emits light of a given pattern to the stereoscopic object. 3. The manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein
the output projects a given pattern onto the stereoscopic object. 4. The manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein the corrector
compares the shape information with the manufacture information to calculate an positional offset at each point on the stereoscopic object, the shape information being extracted from the image generated by the imager, and corrects the manufacture information on the basis of the calculated positional offset. 5. The manufacture information according to claim 4, further comprising
a controller configured to terminate manufacturing of the stereoscopic object when the positional offset calculated by the corrector is equal to or greater than a threshold value. 6. The manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein
the image includes three-dimensional shape information. 7. The manufacturing device according to claim 1, further comprising
a communication controller configured to communicate with another manufacturing device to control timing at which the another manufacturing device performs a manufacturing process. 8. The manufacturing device according to claim 7, wherein
the communication controller acquires, as correction information, second manufacture information corrected by the another manufacturing device, and the corrector corrects the manufacture information on the basis of the correction information and the shape information of the stereoscopic object based on the image. 9. The manufacturing device according to claim 1, further comprising
a communication controller configured to communicate with an information storage device, the information storage device that stores correction information for use in correcting the manufacture information, wherein the communication controller acquires the correction information from the information storage device, and the corrector corrects the manufacture information on the basis of the correction information and the shape information of the stereoscopic object based on the image. 10. The manufacturing device according to claim 1, further comprising
a communication controller configured to communicate with another manufacturing device, wherein the communication controller transmits, to the another manufacturing device, the manufacture information corrected by the corrector as the correction information. 11. A manufacturing system that manufactures a stereoscopic object on the basis of manufacture information, the manufacturing system comprising:
an output configured to display a given pattern on the stereoscopic object during manufacturing; an imager configured to generate an image of the stereoscopic object on which the pattern is displayed; and a corrector configured to correct the manufacture information in accordance with shape information of the stereoscopic object based on the generated image. 12. A manufacturing system comprising:
the manufacturing device according to claim 1; and an information processing device that transmits manufacture information to the manufacturing device, the manufacture information to be used in manufacturing a stereoscopic object. 13. A method to be executed by a manufacturing device for correcting manufacture information to be used in manufacturing of a stereoscopic object, the manufacturing device comprising an output, an imager, and a corrector,
the method comprising: displaying a given pattern on the stereoscopic object during manufacturing; generating an image of the stereoscopic object on which the pattern is displayed; and correcting the manufacture information in accordance with shape information of the stereoscopic object based on the generated image. | A manufacturing device manufactures a stereoscopic object on the basis of manufacture information. The manufacturing device includes an output configured to display a given pattern on a stereoscopic object during manufacturing, an imager configured to generate an image of the stereoscopic object on which the given pattern is displayed; and a corrector configured to correct the manufacture information in accordance with shape information of the stereoscopic object based on the generated image.1. A manufacturing device that manufactures a stereoscopic object on the basis of manufacture information, the manufacturing device comprising:
an output configured to display a given pattern on a stereoscopic object during manufacturing; an imager configured to generate an image of the stereoscopic object on which the given pattern is displayed; and a corrector configured to correct the manufacture information in accordance with shape information of the stereoscopic object based on the generated image. 2. The manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein
the output emits light of a given pattern to the stereoscopic object. 3. The manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein
the output projects a given pattern onto the stereoscopic object. 4. The manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein the corrector
compares the shape information with the manufacture information to calculate an positional offset at each point on the stereoscopic object, the shape information being extracted from the image generated by the imager, and corrects the manufacture information on the basis of the calculated positional offset. 5. The manufacture information according to claim 4, further comprising
a controller configured to terminate manufacturing of the stereoscopic object when the positional offset calculated by the corrector is equal to or greater than a threshold value. 6. The manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein
the image includes three-dimensional shape information. 7. The manufacturing device according to claim 1, further comprising
a communication controller configured to communicate with another manufacturing device to control timing at which the another manufacturing device performs a manufacturing process. 8. The manufacturing device according to claim 7, wherein
the communication controller acquires, as correction information, second manufacture information corrected by the another manufacturing device, and the corrector corrects the manufacture information on the basis of the correction information and the shape information of the stereoscopic object based on the image. 9. The manufacturing device according to claim 1, further comprising
a communication controller configured to communicate with an information storage device, the information storage device that stores correction information for use in correcting the manufacture information, wherein the communication controller acquires the correction information from the information storage device, and the corrector corrects the manufacture information on the basis of the correction information and the shape information of the stereoscopic object based on the image. 10. The manufacturing device according to claim 1, further comprising
a communication controller configured to communicate with another manufacturing device, wherein the communication controller transmits, to the another manufacturing device, the manufacture information corrected by the corrector as the correction information. 11. A manufacturing system that manufactures a stereoscopic object on the basis of manufacture information, the manufacturing system comprising:
an output configured to display a given pattern on the stereoscopic object during manufacturing; an imager configured to generate an image of the stereoscopic object on which the pattern is displayed; and a corrector configured to correct the manufacture information in accordance with shape information of the stereoscopic object based on the generated image. 12. A manufacturing system comprising:
the manufacturing device according to claim 1; and an information processing device that transmits manufacture information to the manufacturing device, the manufacture information to be used in manufacturing a stereoscopic object. 13. A method to be executed by a manufacturing device for correcting manufacture information to be used in manufacturing of a stereoscopic object, the manufacturing device comprising an output, an imager, and a corrector,
the method comprising: displaying a given pattern on the stereoscopic object during manufacturing; generating an image of the stereoscopic object on which the pattern is displayed; and correcting the manufacture information in accordance with shape information of the stereoscopic object based on the generated image. | 3,600 |
341,036 | 16,801,304 | 3,654 | A bicycle multi-gear cassette mountable to a wheel hub driver mechanism that includes truncated conical shell having a first opening proximate a small shell base and a second opening proximate a large shell base. The openings are coaxial with an axis of the shell. A plurality of toothed sprockets having different numbers of teeth are disposed on the shell and extend radially of the central axis. A torque load transmitting profile is configured on the shell proximate one of the small and large shell bases. A radial load transmitting profile is configured on the shell proximate one of the small and large shell bases. The shell, sprockets, and the load transmitting profiles embody a single piece. | 1. A bicycle multi-gear cassette mountable to a wheel hub, the cassette comprising:
a truncated conical shell having a first opening proximate a small shell base and a second opening proximate a large shell base, the first opening proximate the small shell base receiving the wheel hub, the truncated conical shell including:
a plurality of coaxial annular cylinders of variable diameter extending along an axis, and
a plurality of coaxial annular discs of variable diameter extending radially of the axis, the cylinders and discs alternatingly arranged in a stepped sequence;
a plurality of toothed sprockets having different numbers of teeth disposed on the shell and extending radially of the central axis; a torque load transmitting profile configured on the shell proximate one of the small and large shell bases; a first radial load transmitting profile configured on the shell proximate the large shell base transmitting radial load to the wheel hub; a cap member extending radially of the shell axis and non-rotatably disposed proximate the large shell base, the cap member including a third opening and disposed proximate the large shell base, the third opening receiving the wheel hub; a second radial load transmitting profile configured at the third opening transmitting radial load to the wheel hub; and a third radial load transmitting profile configured proximate the first opening and transmitting radial load to the wheel hub, wherein the shell, sprockets, and the first and third load transmitting profiles are a single-piece construction, 2. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 1, wherein the cap member is discrete from the shell. 3. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 2, wherein the torque load transmitting profile is configured on the shell proximate the large shell base, the cap member further comprising:
a second torque load transmitting profile configured at the third opening for transmitting torque load to the wheel hub. 4. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 1, wherein the torque load transmitting profile is configured on one of the discs and cylinders, and the first radial load transmitting profile is configured on one of the discs and cylinders. 5. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 1, wherein one of the plurality of annular cylinders has a thickness smaller than a thickness of a base of an adjoining sprocket and one of the plurality of annular discs has a thickness smaller than the thickness of the base of the adjoining sprocket. 6. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 1, wherein the truncated conical shell comprises a plurality of cone segments tapering relative to the shell axis. 7. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 6, wherein a plurality of the cone segments form an angle greater than 45 degrees relative to the shell axis. 8. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 7, wherein one of the plurality of cone segments has a thickness smaller than a thickness of a base of an adjoining sprocket. 9. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 1, wherein the shell has a thickness smaller than a thickness of a base of one of the plurality of sprockets. 10. A bicycle multi-gear cassette mountable to a wheel hub, the cassette comprising:
a truncated conical shell having a first opening proximate a small shell base and a second opening proximate a large shell base; a cap member extending radially of the shell axis coupled to the large shell base for transmitting load therebetween; a plurality of toothed sprockets of variable diameter disposed on the shell and extending radially of the axis, the cap member including a third opening coaxial with the shell axis for receiving the wheel hub, the first opening coaxial with the axis for receiving the wheel hub; a torque load transmitting profile configured at one of the first and third openings for transmitting torque load to the wheel hub; and a radial load transmitting profile configured at one of the first and third openings for transmitting radial load to the wheel hub, wherein the shell, sprockets and load transmitting profiles are a single-piece construction. 11. A bicycle multi-gear cassette mountable to a wheel hub, the cassette comprising:
truncated conical shell means having a first opening proximate a small shell base and a second opening proximate a large shell base, the first opening proximate the small shell base receiving the wheel hub; a plurality of toothed sprockets having different numbers of teeth disposed on the truncated conical shell means and extending radially of the central axis; torque load transmitting means configured on the truncated conical shell means proximate one of the small and large shell bases; and first radial load transmitting means configured on the truncated conical shell means proximate the large shell base transmitting radial load to the wheel hub; cap member means extending radially of the central axis and non-rotatably coupled to the radial load transmitting means proximate the large shell base, the cap member means including a third opening and arranged proximate the large shell base, the third opening receiving the wheel hub, second radial load transmitting means configured at the third opening transmitting radial load to the wheel hub; and third radial load transmitting means configured at the first opening and transmitting radial load to the wheel hub, wherein the truncated conical shell means, sprockets, and the first and third load transmitting means are a single-piece construction. 12. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 11,
wherein the cap member means is discrete from the truncated conical shell means. 13. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 12, wherein the torque transmitting means is configured on the shell proximate the large shell base, the cap member means further comprising:
second torque load transmitting means configured at the third opening for transmitting torque load to the wheel hub. 14. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 1, wherein the wheel hub includes a hub driver mechanism. 15. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 14, wherein the cap member is discrete from the shell. 16. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 15, wherein the torque load transmitting profile is configured on the shell proximate the large shell base, the cap member further comprising:
a second torque load transmitting profile configured at the third opening for transmitting torque load to the hub driver mechanism. | A bicycle multi-gear cassette mountable to a wheel hub driver mechanism that includes truncated conical shell having a first opening proximate a small shell base and a second opening proximate a large shell base. The openings are coaxial with an axis of the shell. A plurality of toothed sprockets having different numbers of teeth are disposed on the shell and extend radially of the central axis. A torque load transmitting profile is configured on the shell proximate one of the small and large shell bases. A radial load transmitting profile is configured on the shell proximate one of the small and large shell bases. The shell, sprockets, and the load transmitting profiles embody a single piece.1. A bicycle multi-gear cassette mountable to a wheel hub, the cassette comprising:
a truncated conical shell having a first opening proximate a small shell base and a second opening proximate a large shell base, the first opening proximate the small shell base receiving the wheel hub, the truncated conical shell including:
a plurality of coaxial annular cylinders of variable diameter extending along an axis, and
a plurality of coaxial annular discs of variable diameter extending radially of the axis, the cylinders and discs alternatingly arranged in a stepped sequence;
a plurality of toothed sprockets having different numbers of teeth disposed on the shell and extending radially of the central axis; a torque load transmitting profile configured on the shell proximate one of the small and large shell bases; a first radial load transmitting profile configured on the shell proximate the large shell base transmitting radial load to the wheel hub; a cap member extending radially of the shell axis and non-rotatably disposed proximate the large shell base, the cap member including a third opening and disposed proximate the large shell base, the third opening receiving the wheel hub; a second radial load transmitting profile configured at the third opening transmitting radial load to the wheel hub; and a third radial load transmitting profile configured proximate the first opening and transmitting radial load to the wheel hub, wherein the shell, sprockets, and the first and third load transmitting profiles are a single-piece construction, 2. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 1, wherein the cap member is discrete from the shell. 3. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 2, wherein the torque load transmitting profile is configured on the shell proximate the large shell base, the cap member further comprising:
a second torque load transmitting profile configured at the third opening for transmitting torque load to the wheel hub. 4. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 1, wherein the torque load transmitting profile is configured on one of the discs and cylinders, and the first radial load transmitting profile is configured on one of the discs and cylinders. 5. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 1, wherein one of the plurality of annular cylinders has a thickness smaller than a thickness of a base of an adjoining sprocket and one of the plurality of annular discs has a thickness smaller than the thickness of the base of the adjoining sprocket. 6. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 1, wherein the truncated conical shell comprises a plurality of cone segments tapering relative to the shell axis. 7. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 6, wherein a plurality of the cone segments form an angle greater than 45 degrees relative to the shell axis. 8. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 7, wherein one of the plurality of cone segments has a thickness smaller than a thickness of a base of an adjoining sprocket. 9. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 1, wherein the shell has a thickness smaller than a thickness of a base of one of the plurality of sprockets. 10. A bicycle multi-gear cassette mountable to a wheel hub, the cassette comprising:
a truncated conical shell having a first opening proximate a small shell base and a second opening proximate a large shell base; a cap member extending radially of the shell axis coupled to the large shell base for transmitting load therebetween; a plurality of toothed sprockets of variable diameter disposed on the shell and extending radially of the axis, the cap member including a third opening coaxial with the shell axis for receiving the wheel hub, the first opening coaxial with the axis for receiving the wheel hub; a torque load transmitting profile configured at one of the first and third openings for transmitting torque load to the wheel hub; and a radial load transmitting profile configured at one of the first and third openings for transmitting radial load to the wheel hub, wherein the shell, sprockets and load transmitting profiles are a single-piece construction. 11. A bicycle multi-gear cassette mountable to a wheel hub, the cassette comprising:
truncated conical shell means having a first opening proximate a small shell base and a second opening proximate a large shell base, the first opening proximate the small shell base receiving the wheel hub; a plurality of toothed sprockets having different numbers of teeth disposed on the truncated conical shell means and extending radially of the central axis; torque load transmitting means configured on the truncated conical shell means proximate one of the small and large shell bases; and first radial load transmitting means configured on the truncated conical shell means proximate the large shell base transmitting radial load to the wheel hub; cap member means extending radially of the central axis and non-rotatably coupled to the radial load transmitting means proximate the large shell base, the cap member means including a third opening and arranged proximate the large shell base, the third opening receiving the wheel hub, second radial load transmitting means configured at the third opening transmitting radial load to the wheel hub; and third radial load transmitting means configured at the first opening and transmitting radial load to the wheel hub, wherein the truncated conical shell means, sprockets, and the first and third load transmitting means are a single-piece construction. 12. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 11,
wherein the cap member means is discrete from the truncated conical shell means. 13. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 12, wherein the torque transmitting means is configured on the shell proximate the large shell base, the cap member means further comprising:
second torque load transmitting means configured at the third opening for transmitting torque load to the wheel hub. 14. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 1, wherein the wheel hub includes a hub driver mechanism. 15. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 14, wherein the cap member is discrete from the shell. 16. A bicycle multi-gear cassette according to claim 15, wherein the torque load transmitting profile is configured on the shell proximate the large shell base, the cap member further comprising:
a second torque load transmitting profile configured at the third opening for transmitting torque load to the hub driver mechanism. | 3,600 |
341,037 | 16,801,287 | 3,654 | A method for making a semiconductor device may include forming a superlattice on a semiconductor substrate and including a plurality of stacked groups of layers. Each group of layers of the superlattice may include a plurality of stacked base semiconductor monolayers defining a base semiconductor portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent base semiconductor portions. A first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer may be constrained within the crystal lattice of a first pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions and comprise a first non-semiconductor material, and a second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer may be constrained within the crystal lattice of a second pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions and comprise a second non-semiconductor material different than the first non-semiconductor material. | 1. A method for making a semiconductor device comprising:
forming a superlattice on a semiconductor substrate and comprising a plurality of stacked groups of layers, with each group of layers of the superlattice comprising a plurality of stacked base semiconductor monolayers defining a base semiconductor portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent base semiconductor portions; wherein a first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a first pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a first non-semiconductor material, and wherein a second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a second pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a second non-semiconductor material different than the first non-semiconductor material. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the first non-semiconductor material comprises oxygen and nitrogen. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the second non-semiconductor material comprises at least one of carbon and oxygen. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein a third at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a third pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a third non-semiconductor material different than the first and second non-semiconductor materials. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the first non-semiconductor material comprises nitrogen, and wherein the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer is above the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer in the superlattice. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein a base semiconductor portion between the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer and the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer comprises a carbon dopant. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the base semiconductor monolayers comprise silicon. 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising forming spaced apart source and drain regions defining a channel within the superlattice, and a gate overlying the channel. 9. A method for making a semiconductor device comprising:
forming a superlattice on a semiconductor substrate and comprising a plurality of stacked groups of layers, with each group of layers of the superlattice comprising a plurality of stacked base silicon monolayers defining a base silicon portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent base silicon portions; wherein a first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a first pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a first non-semiconductor material, wherein a second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a second pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a second non-semiconductor material different than the first non-semiconductor material, and wherein the first non-semiconductor material comprises oxygen and nitrogen. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the second non-semiconductor material comprises at least one of carbon and oxygen. 11. The method of claim 9 wherein a third at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a third pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a third non-semiconductor material different than the first and second non-semiconductor materials. 12. The method of claim 9 wherein the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer is above the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer in the superlattice. 13. The method of claim 9 wherein a base silicon portion between the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer and the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer comprises a carbon dopant. 14. A method for making a semiconductor device comprising:
forming a superlattice on a semiconductor substrate and comprising a plurality of stacked groups of layers, with each group of layers of the superlattice comprising a plurality of stacked base silicon monolayers defining a base silicon portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent base silicon portions; wherein a first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a first pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a first non-semiconductor material, wherein a second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a second pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a second non-semiconductor material different than the first non-semiconductor material, and wherein the second non-semiconductor material comprises at least one of oxygen and carbon. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein a third at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a third pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a third non-semiconductor material different than the first and second non-semiconductor materials. 16. The method of claim 14 wherein the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer is above the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer in the superlattice. 17. The method of claim 14 wherein a base silicon portion between the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer and the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer comprises a carbon dopant. 18. A method for making a semiconductor device comprising:
forming a superlattice on the semiconductor substrate and comprising a plurality of stacked groups of layers, with each group of layers of the superlattice comprising a plurality of stacked base semiconductor monolayers defining a base semiconductor portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent base semiconductor portions; wherein a first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a first pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a first non-semiconductor material, a second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a second pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a second non-semiconductor material different than the first non-semiconductor material, the first non-semiconductor material comprising oxygen and nitrogen, and the second non-semiconductor material comprising at least one of carbon and oxygen; wherein a base semiconductor portion between the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer and the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer comprises a carbon dopant. 19. The method of claim 18 wherein a third at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a third pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a third non-semiconductor material different than the first and second non-semiconductor materials. 20. The method of claim 18 wherein the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer is above the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer in the superlattice. 21. The method of claim 18 wherein the base semiconductor monolayers comprise silicon. | A method for making a semiconductor device may include forming a superlattice on a semiconductor substrate and including a plurality of stacked groups of layers. Each group of layers of the superlattice may include a plurality of stacked base semiconductor monolayers defining a base semiconductor portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent base semiconductor portions. A first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer may be constrained within the crystal lattice of a first pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions and comprise a first non-semiconductor material, and a second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer may be constrained within the crystal lattice of a second pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions and comprise a second non-semiconductor material different than the first non-semiconductor material.1. A method for making a semiconductor device comprising:
forming a superlattice on a semiconductor substrate and comprising a plurality of stacked groups of layers, with each group of layers of the superlattice comprising a plurality of stacked base semiconductor monolayers defining a base semiconductor portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent base semiconductor portions; wherein a first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a first pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a first non-semiconductor material, and wherein a second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a second pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a second non-semiconductor material different than the first non-semiconductor material. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the first non-semiconductor material comprises oxygen and nitrogen. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the second non-semiconductor material comprises at least one of carbon and oxygen. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein a third at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a third pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a third non-semiconductor material different than the first and second non-semiconductor materials. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the first non-semiconductor material comprises nitrogen, and wherein the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer is above the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer in the superlattice. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein a base semiconductor portion between the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer and the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer comprises a carbon dopant. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the base semiconductor monolayers comprise silicon. 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising forming spaced apart source and drain regions defining a channel within the superlattice, and a gate overlying the channel. 9. A method for making a semiconductor device comprising:
forming a superlattice on a semiconductor substrate and comprising a plurality of stacked groups of layers, with each group of layers of the superlattice comprising a plurality of stacked base silicon monolayers defining a base silicon portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent base silicon portions; wherein a first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a first pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a first non-semiconductor material, wherein a second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a second pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a second non-semiconductor material different than the first non-semiconductor material, and wherein the first non-semiconductor material comprises oxygen and nitrogen. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the second non-semiconductor material comprises at least one of carbon and oxygen. 11. The method of claim 9 wherein a third at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a third pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a third non-semiconductor material different than the first and second non-semiconductor materials. 12. The method of claim 9 wherein the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer is above the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer in the superlattice. 13. The method of claim 9 wherein a base silicon portion between the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer and the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer comprises a carbon dopant. 14. A method for making a semiconductor device comprising:
forming a superlattice on a semiconductor substrate and comprising a plurality of stacked groups of layers, with each group of layers of the superlattice comprising a plurality of stacked base silicon monolayers defining a base silicon portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent base silicon portions; wherein a first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a first pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a first non-semiconductor material, wherein a second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a second pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a second non-semiconductor material different than the first non-semiconductor material, and wherein the second non-semiconductor material comprises at least one of oxygen and carbon. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein a third at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a third pair of adjacent base silicon portions comprises a third non-semiconductor material different than the first and second non-semiconductor materials. 16. The method of claim 14 wherein the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer is above the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer in the superlattice. 17. The method of claim 14 wherein a base silicon portion between the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer and the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer comprises a carbon dopant. 18. A method for making a semiconductor device comprising:
forming a superlattice on the semiconductor substrate and comprising a plurality of stacked groups of layers, with each group of layers of the superlattice comprising a plurality of stacked base semiconductor monolayers defining a base semiconductor portion and at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within a crystal lattice of adjacent base semiconductor portions; wherein a first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a first pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a first non-semiconductor material, a second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a second pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a second non-semiconductor material different than the first non-semiconductor material, the first non-semiconductor material comprising oxygen and nitrogen, and the second non-semiconductor material comprising at least one of carbon and oxygen; wherein a base semiconductor portion between the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer and the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer comprises a carbon dopant. 19. The method of claim 18 wherein a third at least one non-semiconductor monolayer constrained within the crystal lattice of a third pair of adjacent base semiconductor portions comprises a third non-semiconductor material different than the first and second non-semiconductor materials. 20. The method of claim 18 wherein the first at least one non-semiconductor monolayer is above the second at least one non-semiconductor monolayer in the superlattice. 21. The method of claim 18 wherein the base semiconductor monolayers comprise silicon. | 3,600 |
341,038 | 16,801,349 | 3,654 | A pallet sled includes an upper frame including spaced-apart arms adapted to receive feet of a pallet therebetween. A lower frame supports the upper frame. A plurality of pivotable arms connect the lower frame to the upper frame. A handle is pivotably connected to the lower frame and the upper frame, such that pivoting the handle selectively raises and lowers the upper frame relative to the lower frame. | 1. A pallet sled comprising:
an upper frame having an upper surface; a lower frame supporting the upper frame; a plurality of pivotable arms connecting the lower frame to the upper frame; and a handle pivotably connected to the lower frame and the upper frame, such that pivoting the handle selectively raises and lowers the upper frame relative to the lower frame. 2. The pallet sled of claim 1 further including at least one ratchet plate connecting the lower frame to the handle, the at least one ratchet plate selectively reconfigurable relative to the handle to engage and to disengage the handle from the upper frame, such that the handle can raise and lower the upper frame by pivoting relative to the lower frame when the handle is engaged and such that the handle can pivot relative to the lower frame without raising or lowering the upper frame when the handle is disengaged. 3. The pallet sled of claim 2 further including an indexing bar movable between an engaged position in which the indexing bar engages the handle to the at least one ratchet plate and a disengaged position in which the handle is disengaged from the at last one ratchet plate. 4. The pallet sled of claim 3 wherein the at least one ratchet plate is pivotably secured directly to the lower frame and the upper frame. 5. The pallet sled of claim 4 wherein the indexing bar extends through elongated openings in a pair of vertical portions of the handle. 6. The pallet sled of claim 5 further including wheels supporting the lower frame. 7. The pallet sled of claim 2 wherein the at least one ratchet plate is pivotably secured to the lower frame and the upper frame. 8. The pallet sled of claim 7 wherein the at least one ratchet plate includes a low notch which is engaged to retain the upper frame in a low position, and wherein the at least one ratchet plate includes a high notch which is engaged to retain the upper frame in the lifted position. 9. The pallet sled of claim 1 in combination with a pallet having a plurality of feet supporting a deck, the plurality of feet received within the upper frame, the deck supported on the upper frame. 10. The pallet sled of claim 1 further including a ratchet plate connecting the lower frame to the upper frame, wherein the handle is configured to be selectively engaged or disengaged with the ratchet plate, such that pivoting the handle can raise and lower the upper frame relative to the lower frame when the handle is engaged with the ratchet plate. 11. The pallet sled of claim 1 further including a ratchet plate connecting the lower frame to the upper frame, a lower portion of the ratchet plate pivotably secured to the lower frame at an axis below the upper surface of the upper frame, a rearward outer portion pivotably connected to the upper frame. 12. A pallet sled comprising:
an upper frame having an upper surface; a lower frame supporting the upper frame; a pair of ratchet plates connecting the lower frame to the upper frame, the ratchet plates pivotable relative to the lower frame, wherein the ratchet plates are pivotable between a first position and a second position, wherein the upper frame is closer to the lower frame in the second position than in the first position; and a handle pivotably connected to the lower frame, wherein the handle is selectively engagable and disengagable with the ratchet plates, such that the handle can raise and lower the upper frame by pivoting relative to the lower frame when the handle is engaged and such that the handle can pivot relative to the lower frame without raising or lowering the upper frame when the handle is disengaged. 13. The pallet sled of claim 12 wherein the handle is configured to engage the ratchet plates in a first relative position between the handle and ratchet plates and a second relative position between the handle and ratchet plates. 14. The pallet sled of claim 13 further including an indexing bar movable between an engaged position in which the indexing bar engages the handle to at least one of the ratchet plates and a disengaged position in which the handle is disengaged from the at last one of the ratchet plates. 15. The pallet sled of claim 13 wherein the at least one ratchet plate is pivotably secured to the lower frame and to the upper frame. 16. The pallet sled of claim 14 wherein the indexing bar extends through elongated openings in a pair of vertical portions of the handle. 17. The pallet sled of claim 16 further including wheels supporting the lower frame. 18. The pallet sled of claim 17 in combination with a pallet having a plurality of feet supporting a deck, the plurality of feet received between spaced-apart arms of the upper frame, the deck supported on the upper frame. 19. A pallet sled comprising:
an upper frame; a lower frame supporting the upper frame; a ratchet plate pivotably connected to the lower frame and pivotably connected to the upper frame, wherein the ratchet plate is pivotable between a first position and a second position, wherein the upper frame is closer to the lower frame in the second position than in the first position; and a handle pivotably connected to the lower frame, wherein the handle is selectively engagable and disengagable with the ratchet plate, such that the handle can raise and lower the upper frame by pivoting relative to the lower frame when the handle is engaged and such that the handle can pivot relative to the lower frame without raising or lowering the upper frame when the handle is disengaged. 20. The pallet sled of claim 19 wherein the handle is pivotable about an axis parallel to the lower frame and wherein the ratchet plate is pivotable about an axis extending horizontally through the lower frame. | A pallet sled includes an upper frame including spaced-apart arms adapted to receive feet of a pallet therebetween. A lower frame supports the upper frame. A plurality of pivotable arms connect the lower frame to the upper frame. A handle is pivotably connected to the lower frame and the upper frame, such that pivoting the handle selectively raises and lowers the upper frame relative to the lower frame.1. A pallet sled comprising:
an upper frame having an upper surface; a lower frame supporting the upper frame; a plurality of pivotable arms connecting the lower frame to the upper frame; and a handle pivotably connected to the lower frame and the upper frame, such that pivoting the handle selectively raises and lowers the upper frame relative to the lower frame. 2. The pallet sled of claim 1 further including at least one ratchet plate connecting the lower frame to the handle, the at least one ratchet plate selectively reconfigurable relative to the handle to engage and to disengage the handle from the upper frame, such that the handle can raise and lower the upper frame by pivoting relative to the lower frame when the handle is engaged and such that the handle can pivot relative to the lower frame without raising or lowering the upper frame when the handle is disengaged. 3. The pallet sled of claim 2 further including an indexing bar movable between an engaged position in which the indexing bar engages the handle to the at least one ratchet plate and a disengaged position in which the handle is disengaged from the at last one ratchet plate. 4. The pallet sled of claim 3 wherein the at least one ratchet plate is pivotably secured directly to the lower frame and the upper frame. 5. The pallet sled of claim 4 wherein the indexing bar extends through elongated openings in a pair of vertical portions of the handle. 6. The pallet sled of claim 5 further including wheels supporting the lower frame. 7. The pallet sled of claim 2 wherein the at least one ratchet plate is pivotably secured to the lower frame and the upper frame. 8. The pallet sled of claim 7 wherein the at least one ratchet plate includes a low notch which is engaged to retain the upper frame in a low position, and wherein the at least one ratchet plate includes a high notch which is engaged to retain the upper frame in the lifted position. 9. The pallet sled of claim 1 in combination with a pallet having a plurality of feet supporting a deck, the plurality of feet received within the upper frame, the deck supported on the upper frame. 10. The pallet sled of claim 1 further including a ratchet plate connecting the lower frame to the upper frame, wherein the handle is configured to be selectively engaged or disengaged with the ratchet plate, such that pivoting the handle can raise and lower the upper frame relative to the lower frame when the handle is engaged with the ratchet plate. 11. The pallet sled of claim 1 further including a ratchet plate connecting the lower frame to the upper frame, a lower portion of the ratchet plate pivotably secured to the lower frame at an axis below the upper surface of the upper frame, a rearward outer portion pivotably connected to the upper frame. 12. A pallet sled comprising:
an upper frame having an upper surface; a lower frame supporting the upper frame; a pair of ratchet plates connecting the lower frame to the upper frame, the ratchet plates pivotable relative to the lower frame, wherein the ratchet plates are pivotable between a first position and a second position, wherein the upper frame is closer to the lower frame in the second position than in the first position; and a handle pivotably connected to the lower frame, wherein the handle is selectively engagable and disengagable with the ratchet plates, such that the handle can raise and lower the upper frame by pivoting relative to the lower frame when the handle is engaged and such that the handle can pivot relative to the lower frame without raising or lowering the upper frame when the handle is disengaged. 13. The pallet sled of claim 12 wherein the handle is configured to engage the ratchet plates in a first relative position between the handle and ratchet plates and a second relative position between the handle and ratchet plates. 14. The pallet sled of claim 13 further including an indexing bar movable between an engaged position in which the indexing bar engages the handle to at least one of the ratchet plates and a disengaged position in which the handle is disengaged from the at last one of the ratchet plates. 15. The pallet sled of claim 13 wherein the at least one ratchet plate is pivotably secured to the lower frame and to the upper frame. 16. The pallet sled of claim 14 wherein the indexing bar extends through elongated openings in a pair of vertical portions of the handle. 17. The pallet sled of claim 16 further including wheels supporting the lower frame. 18. The pallet sled of claim 17 in combination with a pallet having a plurality of feet supporting a deck, the plurality of feet received between spaced-apart arms of the upper frame, the deck supported on the upper frame. 19. A pallet sled comprising:
an upper frame; a lower frame supporting the upper frame; a ratchet plate pivotably connected to the lower frame and pivotably connected to the upper frame, wherein the ratchet plate is pivotable between a first position and a second position, wherein the upper frame is closer to the lower frame in the second position than in the first position; and a handle pivotably connected to the lower frame, wherein the handle is selectively engagable and disengagable with the ratchet plate, such that the handle can raise and lower the upper frame by pivoting relative to the lower frame when the handle is engaged and such that the handle can pivot relative to the lower frame without raising or lowering the upper frame when the handle is disengaged. 20. The pallet sled of claim 19 wherein the handle is pivotable about an axis parallel to the lower frame and wherein the ratchet plate is pivotable about an axis extending horizontally through the lower frame. | 3,600 |
341,039 | 16,801,338 | 2,425 | A seat cushion is provided. The seat cushion includes an upper pad, a lower pad, a support structure, a plurality of optical modules, and a processor. The upper pad includes a plurality of transparent areas. The lower pad is provided with a plurality of grooves to accommodate the optical modules. The support structure is connected between the upper pad and the lower pad. The optical modules are located below the upper pad and are disposed corresponding to the transparent areas. The optical modules respectively transmit sense signals and respectively receive feedback signals corresponding to the sense signals. The processor is coupled to the optical modules and is configured to collect optical signals. | 1. A seat cushion, comprising:
an upper pad, comprising a plurality of transparent areas; a plurality of optical modules, located below the upper pad and disposed corresponding to the transparent areas, wherein the optical modules are configured to respectively receive an optical signal. a lower pad, provided with a plurality of grooves to accommodate the optical modules; a support structure, connected between the upper pad and the lower pad; and a processor, coupled to the optical modules and configured to collect the optical signals. 2. The seat cushion according to claim 1, wherein the optical modules are optical sensors and respectively comprise a transmitter and a receiver, the transmitters are respectively configured to transmit sense signals to an object, and the receivers are respectively configured to receive the optical signals reflected by the object and corresponding to the sense signals. 3. The seat cushion according to claim 2, wherein the optical sensors are time of flight (TOF) sensors, the processor respectively detects a first flight time and a second flight time by using the TOF sensors as distance parameters between the TOF sensors and the object, where the first flight time is a time required by transmitting the sense signals from the transmitters to the object and the second flight time is a time required by reflecting the optical signals from the object to the optical modules. 4. The seat cushion according to claim 2, wherein the optical sensors are structured light sensors, the sense signals and the optical signals are patterns with specific shape, and the processor analyzes differences between the patterns of the sense signals and the patterns of the optical signals by using an algorithm, to obtain depth information between each of the structured light sensors and the object as distance parameters. 5. The seat cushion according to claim 2, wherein the optical sensors are proximity sensors, and the processor analyzes differences between light energy of the sense signals and light energy of the optical signals, to obtain distance parameters between the proximity sensors and the object. 6. The seat cushion according to claim 1, wherein the optical modules are stereo vision camera modules, and the optical signals are image information. 7. The seat cushion according to claim 6, wherein each of the stereo vision camera modules comprises two or more image capture elements, configured to capture the image information of an object from different angles, and the processor performs an operation on the image information by using a triangulation method to obtain distance parameters between the stereo vision camera modules and the object. 8. The seat cushion according to claim 1, further comprising:
a conversion circuit, comprises:
a plurality of amplification circuits, respectively coupled to the optical modules, to amplify the optical signals into a plurality of amplification signals; and
a plurality of analog-to-digital circuits, respectively coupled to the amplification circuits and the processor, to convert the amplification signals into a plurality of digital optical signals, and to transmit the digital optical signals to the processor. 9. The seat cushion according to claim 1, further comprising: a communications module, coupled to the processor, and configured to output the optical signals. 10. The seat cushion according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to perform the following steps:
analyzing the optical signals to generate detection information; receiving at least one piece of preset information; and comparing the detection information with the preset information, to generate an indication signal. 11. The seat cushion according to claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to perform the following steps:
analyzing the optical signals to obtain a plurality of distance parameters; and analyzing the distance parameters to obtain the detection information. 12. The seat cushion according to claim 11, wherein the detection information is a weight distribution model generated by analyzing the distance parameters. 13. The seat cushion according to claim 10, further comprising: a communications module, coupled to the processor and configured to output the indication signal. | A seat cushion is provided. The seat cushion includes an upper pad, a lower pad, a support structure, a plurality of optical modules, and a processor. The upper pad includes a plurality of transparent areas. The lower pad is provided with a plurality of grooves to accommodate the optical modules. The support structure is connected between the upper pad and the lower pad. The optical modules are located below the upper pad and are disposed corresponding to the transparent areas. The optical modules respectively transmit sense signals and respectively receive feedback signals corresponding to the sense signals. The processor is coupled to the optical modules and is configured to collect optical signals.1. A seat cushion, comprising:
an upper pad, comprising a plurality of transparent areas; a plurality of optical modules, located below the upper pad and disposed corresponding to the transparent areas, wherein the optical modules are configured to respectively receive an optical signal. a lower pad, provided with a plurality of grooves to accommodate the optical modules; a support structure, connected between the upper pad and the lower pad; and a processor, coupled to the optical modules and configured to collect the optical signals. 2. The seat cushion according to claim 1, wherein the optical modules are optical sensors and respectively comprise a transmitter and a receiver, the transmitters are respectively configured to transmit sense signals to an object, and the receivers are respectively configured to receive the optical signals reflected by the object and corresponding to the sense signals. 3. The seat cushion according to claim 2, wherein the optical sensors are time of flight (TOF) sensors, the processor respectively detects a first flight time and a second flight time by using the TOF sensors as distance parameters between the TOF sensors and the object, where the first flight time is a time required by transmitting the sense signals from the transmitters to the object and the second flight time is a time required by reflecting the optical signals from the object to the optical modules. 4. The seat cushion according to claim 2, wherein the optical sensors are structured light sensors, the sense signals and the optical signals are patterns with specific shape, and the processor analyzes differences between the patterns of the sense signals and the patterns of the optical signals by using an algorithm, to obtain depth information between each of the structured light sensors and the object as distance parameters. 5. The seat cushion according to claim 2, wherein the optical sensors are proximity sensors, and the processor analyzes differences between light energy of the sense signals and light energy of the optical signals, to obtain distance parameters between the proximity sensors and the object. 6. The seat cushion according to claim 1, wherein the optical modules are stereo vision camera modules, and the optical signals are image information. 7. The seat cushion according to claim 6, wherein each of the stereo vision camera modules comprises two or more image capture elements, configured to capture the image information of an object from different angles, and the processor performs an operation on the image information by using a triangulation method to obtain distance parameters between the stereo vision camera modules and the object. 8. The seat cushion according to claim 1, further comprising:
a conversion circuit, comprises:
a plurality of amplification circuits, respectively coupled to the optical modules, to amplify the optical signals into a plurality of amplification signals; and
a plurality of analog-to-digital circuits, respectively coupled to the amplification circuits and the processor, to convert the amplification signals into a plurality of digital optical signals, and to transmit the digital optical signals to the processor. 9. The seat cushion according to claim 1, further comprising: a communications module, coupled to the processor, and configured to output the optical signals. 10. The seat cushion according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to perform the following steps:
analyzing the optical signals to generate detection information; receiving at least one piece of preset information; and comparing the detection information with the preset information, to generate an indication signal. 11. The seat cushion according to claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to perform the following steps:
analyzing the optical signals to obtain a plurality of distance parameters; and analyzing the distance parameters to obtain the detection information. 12. The seat cushion according to claim 11, wherein the detection information is a weight distribution model generated by analyzing the distance parameters. 13. The seat cushion according to claim 10, further comprising: a communications module, coupled to the processor and configured to output the indication signal. | 2,400 |
341,040 | 16,801,342 | 2,425 | The present disclosure provides a speech translation terminal, a mobile terminal, a translation system, a translation method, and a translation device. The speech translation terminal includes a controller, a trigger button, a microphone set, a speaker, and a communication component. The trigger button is electrically coupled to the controller. The microphone set is electrically coupled to the controller, and configured to acquire first speech information after the trigger button is triggered. The speaker is electrically coupled to the controller, and configured to play second speech information under control of the controller. The second speech information is speech information translated from the first speech information. The controller is electrically coupled to the communication component, and configured to control the communication component to send the first speech information to a mobile terminal and receive the second speech information sent by the mobile terminal. | 1. A speech translation terminal, comprising a controller, one trigger button, a microphone set, a speaker, and a communication component;
the trigger button being electrically coupled to the controller; the microphone set being electrically coupled to the controller, and configured to acquire first speech information after the trigger button is triggered; the speaker being electrically coupled to the controller, and configured to play second speech information under control of the controller, wherein the second speech information is speech information translated from the first speech information; and the controller being electrically coupled to the communication component, and configured to control the communication component to send the first speech information to a mobile terminal, and to control the communication component to receive the second speech information sent by the mobile terminal. 2. The speech translation terminal according to claim 1, wherein the microphone set comprises two microphones, one microphone is configured to acquire speech data input by a user, and the other microphone is configured to acquire noise data,
the microphone set is further configured to: subtract and amplify the speech data and the noise data to obtain the first speech information. 3. The speech translation terminal according to claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to:
receive the first speech information acquired by the microphone set, and compress and packetize the first speech information; control the communication component to send compressed and packetized first speech information to the mobile terminal, and control the communication component to receive the second speech information sent by the mobile terminal; depacketize and decompress the second speech information; and control the speaker to play the depacketized and decompressed second speech information. 4. A mobile terminal, comprising a mobile communication component, and a mobile processor;
the mobile communication component being electrically coupled to the mobile processor, and configured to communicate with a speech translation terminal and a server; the mobile communication component being configured to receive first speech information sent by the speech translation terminal, and send the first speech information preprocessed by the mobile processor to the server, such that the server, according to a translation setting of the mobile processor, translates the preprocessed first speech information to obtain second speech information; the mobile communication component being further configured to receive the second speech information sent by the server, and send the second speech information to the speech translation terminal; the mobile processor being configured to preprocess the first speech information; and the mobile processor being further configured to generate translation setting information, and send the translation setting information to the server through the mobile communication component, such that the server determines the translation setting according to the translation setting information, and translates the preprocessed first speech information based on the translation setting to obtain the second speech information. 5. The mobile terminal according to claim 4, wherein in preprocessing the first speech information, the mobile processor is configured to:
perform an integrity check on the first speech information; decode the first speech information when the first speech information passes the integrity check; and send feedback to the speech translation terminal to cause the speech translation terminal to resend the first speech information, when the first speech information fails the integrity check. 6. The mobile terminal according to claim 4, wherein the translation setting comprises:
settings of mutual translation between a first language and a second language; or settings of translation from the first language to the second language. 7. A translation method, applicable to a speech translation terminal, wherein the speech translation terminal is configured to communicate with a mobile terminal, the method comprises:
acquiring first speech information; sending the first speech information to the mobile terminal, and receiving second speech information sent by the mobile terminal; wherein the second speech information is speech information translated from the first speech information; and playing the second speech information. 8. The translation method according to claim 7, wherein the second speech information is obtained by acts of:
preprocessing, by the mobile terminal, the first speech information; sending, by the mobile terminal, the preprocessed first speech information to a server; and translating, by the server, the preprocessed first speech information according to a translation setting of the mobile terminal. 9. The translation method according to claim 7, wherein acquiring the first speech information comprises:
acquiring speech data input by a user and noise data; and subtracting and amplifying the speech data and the noise data, to obtain the first speech information. 10. The translation method according to claim 7, wherein the method further comprises:
compressing and packetizing the first speech information, wherein sending the first speech information to the mobile terminal comprises: sending compressed and packetized first speech information to the mobile terminal, such that the mobile terminal preprocesses the compressed and packetized first speech information, and sends the preprocessed first speech information to a server, to cause the server to translate the preprocessed first speech information to obtain the second speech information according to a translation setting of the mobile terminal. 11. The translation method according to claim 7, wherein playing the second speech information comprises:
depacketizing and decompressing the second speech information; and playing the depacketized and decompressed second speech information. 12. The translation method according to claim 8, wherein the first speech information is preprocessed by the mobile terminal by acts of:
performing an integrity check on the first speech information; decoding the first speech information when the first speech information passes the integrity check; and sending feedback to the speech translation terminal to cause the speech translation terminal to resend the first speech information, when the first speech information fails the integrity check. 13. The translation method according to claim 10, wherein the translation setting comprises: settings of mutual translation between a first language and a second language, or settings of translation from the first language to the second language. | The present disclosure provides a speech translation terminal, a mobile terminal, a translation system, a translation method, and a translation device. The speech translation terminal includes a controller, a trigger button, a microphone set, a speaker, and a communication component. The trigger button is electrically coupled to the controller. The microphone set is electrically coupled to the controller, and configured to acquire first speech information after the trigger button is triggered. The speaker is electrically coupled to the controller, and configured to play second speech information under control of the controller. The second speech information is speech information translated from the first speech information. The controller is electrically coupled to the communication component, and configured to control the communication component to send the first speech information to a mobile terminal and receive the second speech information sent by the mobile terminal.1. A speech translation terminal, comprising a controller, one trigger button, a microphone set, a speaker, and a communication component;
the trigger button being electrically coupled to the controller; the microphone set being electrically coupled to the controller, and configured to acquire first speech information after the trigger button is triggered; the speaker being electrically coupled to the controller, and configured to play second speech information under control of the controller, wherein the second speech information is speech information translated from the first speech information; and the controller being electrically coupled to the communication component, and configured to control the communication component to send the first speech information to a mobile terminal, and to control the communication component to receive the second speech information sent by the mobile terminal. 2. The speech translation terminal according to claim 1, wherein the microphone set comprises two microphones, one microphone is configured to acquire speech data input by a user, and the other microphone is configured to acquire noise data,
the microphone set is further configured to: subtract and amplify the speech data and the noise data to obtain the first speech information. 3. The speech translation terminal according to claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to:
receive the first speech information acquired by the microphone set, and compress and packetize the first speech information; control the communication component to send compressed and packetized first speech information to the mobile terminal, and control the communication component to receive the second speech information sent by the mobile terminal; depacketize and decompress the second speech information; and control the speaker to play the depacketized and decompressed second speech information. 4. A mobile terminal, comprising a mobile communication component, and a mobile processor;
the mobile communication component being electrically coupled to the mobile processor, and configured to communicate with a speech translation terminal and a server; the mobile communication component being configured to receive first speech information sent by the speech translation terminal, and send the first speech information preprocessed by the mobile processor to the server, such that the server, according to a translation setting of the mobile processor, translates the preprocessed first speech information to obtain second speech information; the mobile communication component being further configured to receive the second speech information sent by the server, and send the second speech information to the speech translation terminal; the mobile processor being configured to preprocess the first speech information; and the mobile processor being further configured to generate translation setting information, and send the translation setting information to the server through the mobile communication component, such that the server determines the translation setting according to the translation setting information, and translates the preprocessed first speech information based on the translation setting to obtain the second speech information. 5. The mobile terminal according to claim 4, wherein in preprocessing the first speech information, the mobile processor is configured to:
perform an integrity check on the first speech information; decode the first speech information when the first speech information passes the integrity check; and send feedback to the speech translation terminal to cause the speech translation terminal to resend the first speech information, when the first speech information fails the integrity check. 6. The mobile terminal according to claim 4, wherein the translation setting comprises:
settings of mutual translation between a first language and a second language; or settings of translation from the first language to the second language. 7. A translation method, applicable to a speech translation terminal, wherein the speech translation terminal is configured to communicate with a mobile terminal, the method comprises:
acquiring first speech information; sending the first speech information to the mobile terminal, and receiving second speech information sent by the mobile terminal; wherein the second speech information is speech information translated from the first speech information; and playing the second speech information. 8. The translation method according to claim 7, wherein the second speech information is obtained by acts of:
preprocessing, by the mobile terminal, the first speech information; sending, by the mobile terminal, the preprocessed first speech information to a server; and translating, by the server, the preprocessed first speech information according to a translation setting of the mobile terminal. 9. The translation method according to claim 7, wherein acquiring the first speech information comprises:
acquiring speech data input by a user and noise data; and subtracting and amplifying the speech data and the noise data, to obtain the first speech information. 10. The translation method according to claim 7, wherein the method further comprises:
compressing and packetizing the first speech information, wherein sending the first speech information to the mobile terminal comprises: sending compressed and packetized first speech information to the mobile terminal, such that the mobile terminal preprocesses the compressed and packetized first speech information, and sends the preprocessed first speech information to a server, to cause the server to translate the preprocessed first speech information to obtain the second speech information according to a translation setting of the mobile terminal. 11. The translation method according to claim 7, wherein playing the second speech information comprises:
depacketizing and decompressing the second speech information; and playing the depacketized and decompressed second speech information. 12. The translation method according to claim 8, wherein the first speech information is preprocessed by the mobile terminal by acts of:
performing an integrity check on the first speech information; decoding the first speech information when the first speech information passes the integrity check; and sending feedback to the speech translation terminal to cause the speech translation terminal to resend the first speech information, when the first speech information fails the integrity check. 13. The translation method according to claim 10, wherein the translation setting comprises: settings of mutual translation between a first language and a second language, or settings of translation from the first language to the second language. | 2,400 |
341,041 | 16,801,332 | 3,715 | A smart safety kit includes one or more medical products, a container configured to receive the medical products therein, an interface coupled to the container, a processor, and a memory. The container and the medicals product are separate and distinct. The memory is coupled to the container and includes instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the interface to communicate step-by-step medical instructions for administering treatment to a patient with the medical products. | 1. A self-help, smart safety kit, comprising:
at least one medical product; a container configured to receive the at least one medical product therein, the container and the at least one medical product being separate and distinct; an interface coupled to the container, the interface configured to receive input from a user to enable the user to administer self-help treatment with the at least one medical product; a processor; and a memory coupled to the container and including executable instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the interface to:
receive input, through the interface of the container, from the user, to enable the user to administer self-help treatment with the at least one medical product; and
output step-by-step medical instructions through the interface of the container for treating the user with the at least one medical product, wherein the step-by-step medical instructions include self-help instructions so as to treat oneself. 2. The self-help, smart safety kit of claim 1, wherein the interface includes a display configured to output the step-by-step medical instructions. 3. The self-help, smart safety kit of claim 2, wherein the step-by-step medical instructions are output on the display with text, images, or combinations thereof. 4. The self-help, smart safety kit of claim 1, wherein the interface includes a speaker configured to output the step-by-step medical instructions. 5. The self-help, smart safety kit of claim 1, wherein the container includes a lid and a storage compartment, the lid configured to selectively enclose the at least one medical product within the storage compartment. 6. The self-help, smart safety kit of claim 5, wherein the lid is pivotally coupled to the storage compartment. 7. The self-help, smart safety kit of claim 5, wherein the lid is movable relative to the storage compartment from a closed position to an open position, the lid including a top surface and a bottom surface, the interface including a display, the bottom surface of the lid supporting the display such that the display is concealed when the lid is disposed in the closed position and exposed when the lid is disposed in the open position. 8. The self-help, smart safety kit of claim 1, further comprising a power supply that is operatively coupled to the processor to power the processor, the interface, the memory, or combinations thereof. 9. The self-help, smart safety kit of claim 1, wherein the at least one medical product includes a first independent medical product and a second independent medical product, wherein the container includes an insert that fits in a storage compartment of the container, the insert defines a first cavity and a second cavity, the first cavity is configured to removably support the first independent medical product therein and the second cavity configured to removably support the second independent medical product therein. 10. The self-help, smart safety kit of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to communicate with a remote network. 11. A method for facilitating medical treatment for a user with a self-help, smart safety kit, the method comprising:
removably supporting at least one independent medical product in a storage compartment of a container of the smart safety kit; receiving input, through an interface of the container, from the user to enable the user to administer self-help treatment with the at least one independent medical product; and outputting step-by-step medical instructions through the interface of the container for treating the user with the at least one independent medical product, wherein the step-by-step medical instructions include self-help instructions so as to treat oneself. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving an input from the user to communicate with the user. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising outputting at least one step of the step-by-step medical instructions in response to the input received from the user. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein outputting the step-by-step medical instructions through the interface of the container includes displaying the step-by-step medical instructions on a display of the interface. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein displaying the step-by-step medical instructions includes displaying text, images, or combinations thereof on the display. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein outputting the step-by-step medical instructions through the interface of the container includes emitting sound through a speaker of the interface. 17. The method of claim 11, outputting the step-by-step medical instructions through the interface of the container includes emitting sound through a speaker of the interface and displaying the step-by-step medical instructions on a display of the interface. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising electrically powering the interface. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising enabling the container to communicate with a remote network. 20. A self-help, smart safety kit, comprising:
at least one medical product; a container configured to receive the at least one medical product therein; and an interface coupled to the container, the interface configured to receive input from a user for communication with the user, wherein the container is configured to open based on biometrics, and wherein the container is further configured to activate the interface when the container is opened. 21. The self-help, smart safety kit of claim 20, wherein the biometrics include at least one of voice recognition, fingerprint, or retinal scan. | A smart safety kit includes one or more medical products, a container configured to receive the medical products therein, an interface coupled to the container, a processor, and a memory. The container and the medicals product are separate and distinct. The memory is coupled to the container and includes instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the interface to communicate step-by-step medical instructions for administering treatment to a patient with the medical products.1. A self-help, smart safety kit, comprising:
at least one medical product; a container configured to receive the at least one medical product therein, the container and the at least one medical product being separate and distinct; an interface coupled to the container, the interface configured to receive input from a user to enable the user to administer self-help treatment with the at least one medical product; a processor; and a memory coupled to the container and including executable instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the interface to:
receive input, through the interface of the container, from the user, to enable the user to administer self-help treatment with the at least one medical product; and
output step-by-step medical instructions through the interface of the container for treating the user with the at least one medical product, wherein the step-by-step medical instructions include self-help instructions so as to treat oneself. 2. The self-help, smart safety kit of claim 1, wherein the interface includes a display configured to output the step-by-step medical instructions. 3. The self-help, smart safety kit of claim 2, wherein the step-by-step medical instructions are output on the display with text, images, or combinations thereof. 4. The self-help, smart safety kit of claim 1, wherein the interface includes a speaker configured to output the step-by-step medical instructions. 5. The self-help, smart safety kit of claim 1, wherein the container includes a lid and a storage compartment, the lid configured to selectively enclose the at least one medical product within the storage compartment. 6. The self-help, smart safety kit of claim 5, wherein the lid is pivotally coupled to the storage compartment. 7. The self-help, smart safety kit of claim 5, wherein the lid is movable relative to the storage compartment from a closed position to an open position, the lid including a top surface and a bottom surface, the interface including a display, the bottom surface of the lid supporting the display such that the display is concealed when the lid is disposed in the closed position and exposed when the lid is disposed in the open position. 8. The self-help, smart safety kit of claim 1, further comprising a power supply that is operatively coupled to the processor to power the processor, the interface, the memory, or combinations thereof. 9. The self-help, smart safety kit of claim 1, wherein the at least one medical product includes a first independent medical product and a second independent medical product, wherein the container includes an insert that fits in a storage compartment of the container, the insert defines a first cavity and a second cavity, the first cavity is configured to removably support the first independent medical product therein and the second cavity configured to removably support the second independent medical product therein. 10. The self-help, smart safety kit of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to communicate with a remote network. 11. A method for facilitating medical treatment for a user with a self-help, smart safety kit, the method comprising:
removably supporting at least one independent medical product in a storage compartment of a container of the smart safety kit; receiving input, through an interface of the container, from the user to enable the user to administer self-help treatment with the at least one independent medical product; and outputting step-by-step medical instructions through the interface of the container for treating the user with the at least one independent medical product, wherein the step-by-step medical instructions include self-help instructions so as to treat oneself. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving an input from the user to communicate with the user. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising outputting at least one step of the step-by-step medical instructions in response to the input received from the user. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein outputting the step-by-step medical instructions through the interface of the container includes displaying the step-by-step medical instructions on a display of the interface. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein displaying the step-by-step medical instructions includes displaying text, images, or combinations thereof on the display. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein outputting the step-by-step medical instructions through the interface of the container includes emitting sound through a speaker of the interface. 17. The method of claim 11, outputting the step-by-step medical instructions through the interface of the container includes emitting sound through a speaker of the interface and displaying the step-by-step medical instructions on a display of the interface. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising electrically powering the interface. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising enabling the container to communicate with a remote network. 20. A self-help, smart safety kit, comprising:
at least one medical product; a container configured to receive the at least one medical product therein; and an interface coupled to the container, the interface configured to receive input from a user for communication with the user, wherein the container is configured to open based on biometrics, and wherein the container is further configured to activate the interface when the container is opened. 21. The self-help, smart safety kit of claim 20, wherein the biometrics include at least one of voice recognition, fingerprint, or retinal scan. | 3,700 |
341,042 | 16,801,312 | 3,715 | According to one embodiment, a semiconductor memory device includes a first stacked body in which a plurality of first conductive layers are stacked at intervals in a first direction above a semiconductor substrate; a second stacked body in which a plurality of second conductive layers are stacked at intervals in the first direction above the semiconductor substrate; and a first slit extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the first slit isolating the first stacked body and the second stacked body in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions. | 1. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first stacked body in which a plurality of first conductive layers are stacked at intervals in a first direction above a semiconductor substrate; a second stacked body in which a plurality of second conductive layers are stacked at intervals in the first direction above the semiconductor substrate; a first slit extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the first slit isolating the first stacked body and the second stacked body in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions; a first pillar group including a plurality of first pillars which penetrate the first stacked body in the first direction and are formed of a substantially identical material with a substantially identical cross-sectional area; and a second pillar group including a plurality of second pillars which penetrate the second stacked body in the first direction and are formed of a substantially identical material to the material of the first pillars with a substantially identical cross-sectional area to the cross-sectional area of the first pillars, the first stacked body including: a first area in which the first pillar group is not provided; a second area which neighbors the first area in the second direction and in which the first pillar group is provided; and a third area which neighbors the second area in the second direction and in which the first pillar group is provided, the third area being configured such that an intersection portion between the first pillar and the first conductive layer functions as a memory cell transistor, and the second stacked body including: a fourth area in which the second pillar group is not provided; a fifth area which neighbors the fourth area in the second direction and in which the second pillar group is provided; and a sixth area which neighbors the fifth area in the second direction and in which the second pillar group is provided, the sixth area being configured such that an intersection portion between the second pillar and the second conductive layer functions as a memory cell transistor, wherein the first pillar and the second pillar, which neighbor the first slit in the third direction, are provided in the third direction at positions which are included in the second and fifth areas and neighbor the first and fourth areas, and a distance to the first slit from the first pillar neighboring the first slit in the third direction and a distance to the first slit from the second pillar neighboring the first slit in the third direction are substantially identical, and the first pillar and the second pillar, which neighbor the first slit in the third direction, are provided in the third direction in the third and sixth areas, and a distance to the first slit from the first pillar neighboring the first slit in the third direction and a distance to the first slit from the second pillar neighboring the first slit in the third direction are different. 2. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein a distance between the first pillars, which are provided in the second area and in a row along the second direction varies in accordance with a distance from the third area. 3. The semiconductor memory device of claim 2, wherein a distance between the second pillars, which are provided in the fifth area and in another row along the second direction varies in accordance with a distance from the sixth area. 4. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein
a density of the first pillar group of the second area is different from a density of the first pillar group of the third area, and a density of the first pillar group of the second area is different from a density of the second pillar group of the fifth area. 5. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein a pitch in the second direction between the first pillars of the first pillar group of the second area gradually increases towards the first area. 6. The semiconductor memory device of claim 5, wherein a pitch in the second direction between the second pillars of the second pillar group of the fifth area gradually increases towards the fourth area. 7. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein the first pillar group disposed in a column included in the second area and neighboring the first area and the second pillar group disposed in the column included in the fifth group and neighboring the fourth area are arranged line-symmetric, with the first slit being interposed. 8. The semiconductor memory device of claim 7, wherein the first pillar group in the third area and the second pillar group in the sixth area are arranged asymmetric, with the first slit being interposed. 9. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1, further comprising:
a third pillar in the first area, the third pillar penetrating the first stacked body in the first direction and formed to include a material different from the material of the first pillars; and a fourth pillar in the fourth area, the fourth pillar penetrating the second stacked body in the first direction and formed to include a material different from the material of the second pillars. 10. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein each of the first pillars and the second pillars includes a core member provided in a central part thereof, a semiconductor layer surrounding a side surface of the core member, a first insulating film surrounding a side surface of the semiconductor layer, a second insulating film surrounding a side surface of the first insulating film, and a third insulating film surrounding a side surface of the second insulating film. 11. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first stacked body in which a plurality of first conductive layers are stacked at intervals in a first direction above a semiconductor substrate; a second stacked body in which a plurality of second conductive layers are stacked at intervals in the first direction above the semiconductor substrate; a first slit extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the first slit isolating the first stacked body and the second stacked body in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions; a first pillar group including a plurality of first pillars which penetrate the first stacked body in the first direction and are formed of a substantially identical material with a substantially identical cross-sectional area; and a second pillar group including a plurality of second pillars which penetrate the second stacked body in the first direction and are formed of a substantially identical material to the material of the first pillars with a substantially identical cross-sectional area to the cross-sectional area of the first pillars, the first stacked body including: a first area in which the first pillar group is not provided; a second area which neighbors the first area in the second direction and in which the first pillar group is provided; and a third area which neighbors the second area in the second direction and in which the first pillar group is provided, the third area being configured such that an intersection portion between the first pillar and the first conductive layer functions as a memory cell transistor, and the second stacked body including: a fourth area in which the second pillar group is not provided; a fifth area which neighbors the fourth area in the second direction and in which the second pillar group is provided; and a sixth area which neighbors the fifth area in the second direction and in which the second pillar group is provided, the sixth area being configured such that an intersection portion between the second pillar and the second conductive layer functions as a memory cell transistor, wherein the first pillar and the second pillar, which neighbor the first slit in the third direction, are provided in the third direction in the second and fifth areas, a distance to the first slit from the first pillar neighboring the first slit in the third direction is set as a first distance, and a distance to the first slit from the second pillar neighboring the first slit in the third direction is set as a second distance, the first pillar and the second pillar, which neighbor the first slit in the third direction, are provided in the third direction in the third and sixth areas, a distance to the first slit from the first pillar neighboring the first slit in the third direction is set as a third distance, and a distance to the first slit from the second pillar neighboring the first slit in the third direction is set as a fourth distance, and the third distance and the fourth distance are different, the third distance is less than the first distance, and the fourth distance is less than the second distance. 12. The semiconductor memory device of claim 11, wherein
the first pillars are not provided near the first slit in the second area, and the second pillars are not provided near the first slit in the fifth area. 13. The semiconductor memory device of claim 11, wherein
in the third area, the first pillars are provided in a row proximal to the first slit on a first side and along the second direction, in the second area, the first pillars are not provided in the row proximal to the first slit on the first side and along the second direction, in the sixth area, the second pillars are provided in a row proximal to the first slit on a second side and along the second direction, and in the fifth area, the second pillars are not provided in the row proximal to the first slit on the second side and along the second direction. 14. The semiconductor memory device of claim 11, further comprising:
a third pillar in the first area, the third pillar penetrating the first stacked body in the first direction and formed to include a material different from the material of the first pillars; and a fourth pillar in the fourth area, the fourth pillar penetrating the second stacked body in the first direction and formed to include a material different from the material of the second pillars. 15. The semiconductor memory device of claim 14, wherein
the first pillar and the third pillar have different cross-sectional areas, and the second pillar and the fourth pillar have different cross-sectional areas. 16. The semiconductor memory device of claim 11, further comprising:
a fifth pillar provided in an area which is near the first slit in the second area and in which the first pillars are not provided, the fifth pillar penetrating the first stacked body in the first direction and being formed to include a material different from the material of the first pillars; and a sixth pillar provided in an area which is near the first slit in the fifth area and in which the second pillars are not provided, the sixth pillar penetrating the second stacked body in the first direction and being formed to include a material different from the material of the second pillars. 17. The semiconductor memory device of claim 16, wherein each of the first pillar, the second pillar, the fifth pillar, and the sixth pillar is formed to have a substantially identical cross-sectional area. 18. The semiconductor memory device of claim 14, further comprising:
a fifth pillar provided in an area which is near the first slit in the second area and in which the first pillars are not provided, the fifth pillar penetrating the first stacked body in the first direction and being formed to include a material different from the material of the first pillars; and a sixth pillar provided in an area which is near the first slit in the fifth area and in which the second pillars are not provided, the sixth pillar penetrating the second stacked body in the first direction and being formed to include a material different from the material of the second pillars, each of the third to sixth pillars being formed of a substantially identical material. 19. The semiconductor memory device of claim 11, wherein the first pillar group in the third area and the second pillar group in the sixth area are arranged asymmetric, with the first slit being interposed. 20. The semiconductor memory device of claim 11, wherein each of the first pillars and the second pillars includes a core member provided in a central part thereof, a semiconductor layer surrounding a side surface of the core member, a first insulating film surrounding a side surface of the semiconductor layer, a second insulating film surrounding a side surface of the first insulating film, and a third insulating film surrounding a side surface of the second insulating film. | According to one embodiment, a semiconductor memory device includes a first stacked body in which a plurality of first conductive layers are stacked at intervals in a first direction above a semiconductor substrate; a second stacked body in which a plurality of second conductive layers are stacked at intervals in the first direction above the semiconductor substrate; and a first slit extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the first slit isolating the first stacked body and the second stacked body in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions.1. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first stacked body in which a plurality of first conductive layers are stacked at intervals in a first direction above a semiconductor substrate; a second stacked body in which a plurality of second conductive layers are stacked at intervals in the first direction above the semiconductor substrate; a first slit extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the first slit isolating the first stacked body and the second stacked body in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions; a first pillar group including a plurality of first pillars which penetrate the first stacked body in the first direction and are formed of a substantially identical material with a substantially identical cross-sectional area; and a second pillar group including a plurality of second pillars which penetrate the second stacked body in the first direction and are formed of a substantially identical material to the material of the first pillars with a substantially identical cross-sectional area to the cross-sectional area of the first pillars, the first stacked body including: a first area in which the first pillar group is not provided; a second area which neighbors the first area in the second direction and in which the first pillar group is provided; and a third area which neighbors the second area in the second direction and in which the first pillar group is provided, the third area being configured such that an intersection portion between the first pillar and the first conductive layer functions as a memory cell transistor, and the second stacked body including: a fourth area in which the second pillar group is not provided; a fifth area which neighbors the fourth area in the second direction and in which the second pillar group is provided; and a sixth area which neighbors the fifth area in the second direction and in which the second pillar group is provided, the sixth area being configured such that an intersection portion between the second pillar and the second conductive layer functions as a memory cell transistor, wherein the first pillar and the second pillar, which neighbor the first slit in the third direction, are provided in the third direction at positions which are included in the second and fifth areas and neighbor the first and fourth areas, and a distance to the first slit from the first pillar neighboring the first slit in the third direction and a distance to the first slit from the second pillar neighboring the first slit in the third direction are substantially identical, and the first pillar and the second pillar, which neighbor the first slit in the third direction, are provided in the third direction in the third and sixth areas, and a distance to the first slit from the first pillar neighboring the first slit in the third direction and a distance to the first slit from the second pillar neighboring the first slit in the third direction are different. 2. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein a distance between the first pillars, which are provided in the second area and in a row along the second direction varies in accordance with a distance from the third area. 3. The semiconductor memory device of claim 2, wherein a distance between the second pillars, which are provided in the fifth area and in another row along the second direction varies in accordance with a distance from the sixth area. 4. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein
a density of the first pillar group of the second area is different from a density of the first pillar group of the third area, and a density of the first pillar group of the second area is different from a density of the second pillar group of the fifth area. 5. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein a pitch in the second direction between the first pillars of the first pillar group of the second area gradually increases towards the first area. 6. The semiconductor memory device of claim 5, wherein a pitch in the second direction between the second pillars of the second pillar group of the fifth area gradually increases towards the fourth area. 7. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein the first pillar group disposed in a column included in the second area and neighboring the first area and the second pillar group disposed in the column included in the fifth group and neighboring the fourth area are arranged line-symmetric, with the first slit being interposed. 8. The semiconductor memory device of claim 7, wherein the first pillar group in the third area and the second pillar group in the sixth area are arranged asymmetric, with the first slit being interposed. 9. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1, further comprising:
a third pillar in the first area, the third pillar penetrating the first stacked body in the first direction and formed to include a material different from the material of the first pillars; and a fourth pillar in the fourth area, the fourth pillar penetrating the second stacked body in the first direction and formed to include a material different from the material of the second pillars. 10. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1, wherein each of the first pillars and the second pillars includes a core member provided in a central part thereof, a semiconductor layer surrounding a side surface of the core member, a first insulating film surrounding a side surface of the semiconductor layer, a second insulating film surrounding a side surface of the first insulating film, and a third insulating film surrounding a side surface of the second insulating film. 11. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first stacked body in which a plurality of first conductive layers are stacked at intervals in a first direction above a semiconductor substrate; a second stacked body in which a plurality of second conductive layers are stacked at intervals in the first direction above the semiconductor substrate; a first slit extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the first slit isolating the first stacked body and the second stacked body in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions; a first pillar group including a plurality of first pillars which penetrate the first stacked body in the first direction and are formed of a substantially identical material with a substantially identical cross-sectional area; and a second pillar group including a plurality of second pillars which penetrate the second stacked body in the first direction and are formed of a substantially identical material to the material of the first pillars with a substantially identical cross-sectional area to the cross-sectional area of the first pillars, the first stacked body including: a first area in which the first pillar group is not provided; a second area which neighbors the first area in the second direction and in which the first pillar group is provided; and a third area which neighbors the second area in the second direction and in which the first pillar group is provided, the third area being configured such that an intersection portion between the first pillar and the first conductive layer functions as a memory cell transistor, and the second stacked body including: a fourth area in which the second pillar group is not provided; a fifth area which neighbors the fourth area in the second direction and in which the second pillar group is provided; and a sixth area which neighbors the fifth area in the second direction and in which the second pillar group is provided, the sixth area being configured such that an intersection portion between the second pillar and the second conductive layer functions as a memory cell transistor, wherein the first pillar and the second pillar, which neighbor the first slit in the third direction, are provided in the third direction in the second and fifth areas, a distance to the first slit from the first pillar neighboring the first slit in the third direction is set as a first distance, and a distance to the first slit from the second pillar neighboring the first slit in the third direction is set as a second distance, the first pillar and the second pillar, which neighbor the first slit in the third direction, are provided in the third direction in the third and sixth areas, a distance to the first slit from the first pillar neighboring the first slit in the third direction is set as a third distance, and a distance to the first slit from the second pillar neighboring the first slit in the third direction is set as a fourth distance, and the third distance and the fourth distance are different, the third distance is less than the first distance, and the fourth distance is less than the second distance. 12. The semiconductor memory device of claim 11, wherein
the first pillars are not provided near the first slit in the second area, and the second pillars are not provided near the first slit in the fifth area. 13. The semiconductor memory device of claim 11, wherein
in the third area, the first pillars are provided in a row proximal to the first slit on a first side and along the second direction, in the second area, the first pillars are not provided in the row proximal to the first slit on the first side and along the second direction, in the sixth area, the second pillars are provided in a row proximal to the first slit on a second side and along the second direction, and in the fifth area, the second pillars are not provided in the row proximal to the first slit on the second side and along the second direction. 14. The semiconductor memory device of claim 11, further comprising:
a third pillar in the first area, the third pillar penetrating the first stacked body in the first direction and formed to include a material different from the material of the first pillars; and a fourth pillar in the fourth area, the fourth pillar penetrating the second stacked body in the first direction and formed to include a material different from the material of the second pillars. 15. The semiconductor memory device of claim 14, wherein
the first pillar and the third pillar have different cross-sectional areas, and the second pillar and the fourth pillar have different cross-sectional areas. 16. The semiconductor memory device of claim 11, further comprising:
a fifth pillar provided in an area which is near the first slit in the second area and in which the first pillars are not provided, the fifth pillar penetrating the first stacked body in the first direction and being formed to include a material different from the material of the first pillars; and a sixth pillar provided in an area which is near the first slit in the fifth area and in which the second pillars are not provided, the sixth pillar penetrating the second stacked body in the first direction and being formed to include a material different from the material of the second pillars. 17. The semiconductor memory device of claim 16, wherein each of the first pillar, the second pillar, the fifth pillar, and the sixth pillar is formed to have a substantially identical cross-sectional area. 18. The semiconductor memory device of claim 14, further comprising:
a fifth pillar provided in an area which is near the first slit in the second area and in which the first pillars are not provided, the fifth pillar penetrating the first stacked body in the first direction and being formed to include a material different from the material of the first pillars; and a sixth pillar provided in an area which is near the first slit in the fifth area and in which the second pillars are not provided, the sixth pillar penetrating the second stacked body in the first direction and being formed to include a material different from the material of the second pillars, each of the third to sixth pillars being formed of a substantially identical material. 19. The semiconductor memory device of claim 11, wherein the first pillar group in the third area and the second pillar group in the sixth area are arranged asymmetric, with the first slit being interposed. 20. The semiconductor memory device of claim 11, wherein each of the first pillars and the second pillars includes a core member provided in a central part thereof, a semiconductor layer surrounding a side surface of the core member, a first insulating film surrounding a side surface of the semiconductor layer, a second insulating film surrounding a side surface of the first insulating film, and a third insulating film surrounding a side surface of the second insulating film. | 3,700 |
341,043 | 16,801,340 | 3,715 | A technology is described for a repeater system. The repeater system can comprise a repeater and a power adaptor. The repeater can comprise a donor port, a server port, and one or more amplification and filtering paths coupled between the donor port and the server port. The power adaptor can be integrated with a server antenna. The integrated power adaptor can be configured to be coupled to a power supply and the server port to enable the repeater to receive power from the power supply and to communicate a signal between the server antenna and the server port. | 1. A repeater system comprising:
a repeater comprising:
a donor port;
a server port; and
one or more amplification and filtering paths coupled between the donor port and the server port; and
a cigarette lighter adaptor (CLA) integrated with a server antenna configured to be coupled to:
a CLA power supply; and
the server port to enable the repeater to receive power from the CLA power supply and to communicate a signal between the server antenna and the server port. 2. The repeater system of claim 1, wherein the integrated CLA is configured to provide power over coax (POC) to the repeater via the server port. 3. The repeater system of claim 1, wherein the integrated CLA further comprises:
an external server antenna port at the integrated CLA, wherein the external server antenna port is configured to be connected to an external server antenna. 4. The repeater system of claim 3, wherein the server antenna of the integrated CLA is disconnected from the server port of the repeater when the external server antenna is connected to the external server antenna port. 5. The repeater system of claim 3, wherein the integrated CLA further comprises:
one or more of a splitter, a directional coupler, or a tap configured to communicate the signal between:
the server antenna and the server port, and
the external server antenna and the external server antenna port. 6. The repeater system of claim 1, wherein the integrated CLA is configured to convert 12 volt (V) direct current (DC) power to 5 V DC power. 7. The repeater system of claim 1, wherein the integrated CLA further comprises one or more charging ports. 8. The repeater system of claim 1, wherein the donor port is configured to be connected to a donor antenna that is configured to be mounted to an external location on a vehicle. 9. A repeater system comprising:
a repeater comprising:
a donor port;
a server port;
one or more amplification and filtering paths coupled between the donor port and the server port; and
a cigarette lighter adaptor (CLA) configured to be connected to a CLA power supply to provide power over coax (POC) to an external server antenna enclosure; the external server antenna enclosure configured to provide POC to the server port of the repeater. 10. The repeater system of claim 9, wherein the external server antenna enclosure comprises an external server antenna configured to be coupled to the server port of the repeater. 11. The repeater system of claim 9, wherein the external server antenna enclosure further comprises:
a direct current (DC) power jack integrated with the external server antenna enclosure, wherein the DC power jack is configured to provide POC to the server port of the repeater. 12. The repeater system of claim 9, wherein the donor port is configured to be connected to a donor antenna and the donor antenna is configured to be mounted to an external location on a vehicle. 13. The repeater system of claim 9, wherein the integrated CLA further comprises one or more charging ports. 14. The repeater system of claim 9, wherein the CLA is integrated with an internal server antenna. 15. A repeater system comprising:
a repeater comprising:
a donor port;
a server port; and
one or more amplification and filtering paths coupled between the donor port and the server port; and
a power adaptor integrated with a server antenna configured to be coupled to:
a power source; and
the server port to enable the repeater to receive power from the power supply and to communicate a signal between the server antenna and the server port. 16. The repeater system of claim 15, wherein the integrated power adaptor is configured to provide power over coax (POC) to the repeater via the server port. 17. The repeater system of claim 15, wherein the integrated power adaptor further comprises:
an external server antenna port at the integrated power adaptor, wherein the external server antenna port is configured to be connected to an external server antenna. 18. The repeater system of claim 17, wherein the server antenna of the integrated power adaptor is disconnected from the server port of the repeater when the external server antenna is connected to the external server antenna port. 19. The repeater system of claim 17, wherein the integrated power adaptor further comprises:
one or more of a splitter, a directional coupler, or a tap configured to communicate the signal between:
the server antenna and the server port, and
the external server antenna and the external server antenna port. 20. The repeater system of claim 15, wherein the integrated power adaptor is configured to convert 12 volt (V) direct current (DC) power to 5 V DC power. 21. The repeater system of claim 15, wherein the integrated power adaptor further comprises one or more charging ports. 22. The repeater system of claim 15, wherein the donor port is configured to be connected to a donor antenna. 23. The repeater system of claim 22, wherein the donor antenna is configured to be coupled to an external location on a vehicle. 24. The repeater system of claim 15, wherein:
the power adaptor is one or more of:
a cigarette lighter adaptor (CLA); or
an on-board diagnostics (OBD) II port adaptor; and
the power source is one or more of:
a cigarette lighter adaptor (CLA) power supply or
an on-board diagnostics (OBD) II port power supply. 25. A repeater system comprising:
a repeater comprising:
a donor port;
a server port;
one or more amplification and filtering paths coupled between the donor port and the server port; and
a power adaptor configured to be connected to a power source to provide power over coax (POC) to an external server antenna enclosure; the external server antenna enclosure configured to provide POC to the server port of the repeater. 26. The repeater system of claim 25, wherein the external server antenna enclosure comprises one or more of:
an external server antenna configured to be coupled to the server port of the repeater; or a direct current (DC) power jack integrated with the external server antenna enclosure, wherein the DC power jack is configured to provide POC to the server port of the repeater. 27. The repeater system of claim 25, wherein the donor port is configured to be connected to a donor antenna that is configured to be coupled to an external location on a vehicle. 28. The repeater system of claim 25, wherein the power adaptor further comprises one or more charging ports. 29. The repeater system of claim 25, wherein the power adaptor is integrated with an internal server antenna. 30. The repeater system of claim 25, wherein:
the power adaptor is one or more of:
a cigarette lighter adaptor (CLA); or
an on-board diagnostics (OBD) II port adaptor; and
the power source is one or more of:
a cigarette lighter adaptor (CLA) power supply; or
an on-board diagnostics (OBD) II port power supply. | A technology is described for a repeater system. The repeater system can comprise a repeater and a power adaptor. The repeater can comprise a donor port, a server port, and one or more amplification and filtering paths coupled between the donor port and the server port. The power adaptor can be integrated with a server antenna. The integrated power adaptor can be configured to be coupled to a power supply and the server port to enable the repeater to receive power from the power supply and to communicate a signal between the server antenna and the server port.1. A repeater system comprising:
a repeater comprising:
a donor port;
a server port; and
one or more amplification and filtering paths coupled between the donor port and the server port; and
a cigarette lighter adaptor (CLA) integrated with a server antenna configured to be coupled to:
a CLA power supply; and
the server port to enable the repeater to receive power from the CLA power supply and to communicate a signal between the server antenna and the server port. 2. The repeater system of claim 1, wherein the integrated CLA is configured to provide power over coax (POC) to the repeater via the server port. 3. The repeater system of claim 1, wherein the integrated CLA further comprises:
an external server antenna port at the integrated CLA, wherein the external server antenna port is configured to be connected to an external server antenna. 4. The repeater system of claim 3, wherein the server antenna of the integrated CLA is disconnected from the server port of the repeater when the external server antenna is connected to the external server antenna port. 5. The repeater system of claim 3, wherein the integrated CLA further comprises:
one or more of a splitter, a directional coupler, or a tap configured to communicate the signal between:
the server antenna and the server port, and
the external server antenna and the external server antenna port. 6. The repeater system of claim 1, wherein the integrated CLA is configured to convert 12 volt (V) direct current (DC) power to 5 V DC power. 7. The repeater system of claim 1, wherein the integrated CLA further comprises one or more charging ports. 8. The repeater system of claim 1, wherein the donor port is configured to be connected to a donor antenna that is configured to be mounted to an external location on a vehicle. 9. A repeater system comprising:
a repeater comprising:
a donor port;
a server port;
one or more amplification and filtering paths coupled between the donor port and the server port; and
a cigarette lighter adaptor (CLA) configured to be connected to a CLA power supply to provide power over coax (POC) to an external server antenna enclosure; the external server antenna enclosure configured to provide POC to the server port of the repeater. 10. The repeater system of claim 9, wherein the external server antenna enclosure comprises an external server antenna configured to be coupled to the server port of the repeater. 11. The repeater system of claim 9, wherein the external server antenna enclosure further comprises:
a direct current (DC) power jack integrated with the external server antenna enclosure, wherein the DC power jack is configured to provide POC to the server port of the repeater. 12. The repeater system of claim 9, wherein the donor port is configured to be connected to a donor antenna and the donor antenna is configured to be mounted to an external location on a vehicle. 13. The repeater system of claim 9, wherein the integrated CLA further comprises one or more charging ports. 14. The repeater system of claim 9, wherein the CLA is integrated with an internal server antenna. 15. A repeater system comprising:
a repeater comprising:
a donor port;
a server port; and
one or more amplification and filtering paths coupled between the donor port and the server port; and
a power adaptor integrated with a server antenna configured to be coupled to:
a power source; and
the server port to enable the repeater to receive power from the power supply and to communicate a signal between the server antenna and the server port. 16. The repeater system of claim 15, wherein the integrated power adaptor is configured to provide power over coax (POC) to the repeater via the server port. 17. The repeater system of claim 15, wherein the integrated power adaptor further comprises:
an external server antenna port at the integrated power adaptor, wherein the external server antenna port is configured to be connected to an external server antenna. 18. The repeater system of claim 17, wherein the server antenna of the integrated power adaptor is disconnected from the server port of the repeater when the external server antenna is connected to the external server antenna port. 19. The repeater system of claim 17, wherein the integrated power adaptor further comprises:
one or more of a splitter, a directional coupler, or a tap configured to communicate the signal between:
the server antenna and the server port, and
the external server antenna and the external server antenna port. 20. The repeater system of claim 15, wherein the integrated power adaptor is configured to convert 12 volt (V) direct current (DC) power to 5 V DC power. 21. The repeater system of claim 15, wherein the integrated power adaptor further comprises one or more charging ports. 22. The repeater system of claim 15, wherein the donor port is configured to be connected to a donor antenna. 23. The repeater system of claim 22, wherein the donor antenna is configured to be coupled to an external location on a vehicle. 24. The repeater system of claim 15, wherein:
the power adaptor is one or more of:
a cigarette lighter adaptor (CLA); or
an on-board diagnostics (OBD) II port adaptor; and
the power source is one or more of:
a cigarette lighter adaptor (CLA) power supply or
an on-board diagnostics (OBD) II port power supply. 25. A repeater system comprising:
a repeater comprising:
a donor port;
a server port;
one or more amplification and filtering paths coupled between the donor port and the server port; and
a power adaptor configured to be connected to a power source to provide power over coax (POC) to an external server antenna enclosure; the external server antenna enclosure configured to provide POC to the server port of the repeater. 26. The repeater system of claim 25, wherein the external server antenna enclosure comprises one or more of:
an external server antenna configured to be coupled to the server port of the repeater; or a direct current (DC) power jack integrated with the external server antenna enclosure, wherein the DC power jack is configured to provide POC to the server port of the repeater. 27. The repeater system of claim 25, wherein the donor port is configured to be connected to a donor antenna that is configured to be coupled to an external location on a vehicle. 28. The repeater system of claim 25, wherein the power adaptor further comprises one or more charging ports. 29. The repeater system of claim 25, wherein the power adaptor is integrated with an internal server antenna. 30. The repeater system of claim 25, wherein:
the power adaptor is one or more of:
a cigarette lighter adaptor (CLA); or
an on-board diagnostics (OBD) II port adaptor; and
the power source is one or more of:
a cigarette lighter adaptor (CLA) power supply; or
an on-board diagnostics (OBD) II port power supply. | 3,700 |
341,044 | 16,801,341 | 3,786 | A human motion assistance device has upper back straps and is configured to attach to a user. A leg strap arrangement with lower back straps is configured to attach to the user. A differential assembly is connected between the upper back straps and lower back straps to reduce resistance of the upper torso harness and leg strap arrangement during gait. When crouching or lifting, the differential assembly transfers force to stretch and retract the upper torso harness and leg strap arrangement, which provides human motion assistance. The differential assembly can be implements as an x-bar, lever arm, pulley, gears, or tube. The leg strap arrangement has a knee pad adapted to cover a knee of the user. The knee pad opens along a segment. The upper torso harness has a shoulder strap and buckle. The leg strap arrangement is an elastic material. | 1. A human assistance device, comprising:
an upper torso harness configured to attach to a user; a differential assembly attached to the upper torso harness; and a leg strap arrangement attached to the differential assembly, wherein the upper torso harness and leg strap arrangement are passive. 2. The human assistance device of claim 1, wherein the differential assembly includes an x-bar, lever arm, pulley, gears, or tube. 3. The human assistance device of claim 1, wherein the differential assembly includes:
a first horizontal bar attached to the upper torso harness; a second horizontal bar attached to the leg strap arrangement; a first cable connected between the first horizontal bar and second horizontal bar; and a second cable connected between the first horizontal bar and second horizontal bar to cross over the first cable. 4. The human assistance device of claim 1, wherein the upper torso harness includes a shoulder strap and upper back straps connected to the differential assembly. 5. The human assistance device of claim 1, wherein the leg strap arrangement includes:
a lower back strap attached to the differential assembly; and a knee pad adapted to cover a knee of the user. 6. The human assistance device of claim 1, wherein the leg strap arrangement includes an elastic material. 7. A human assistance device, comprising:
an upper torso harness with upper back straps configured to attach to a user; a leg strap arrangement with lower back straps configured to attach to the user; and a differential assembly connected between the upper back straps and lower back straps to reduce resistance of the upper torso harness and leg strap arrangement during gait. 8. The human assistance device of claim 7, wherein the differential assembly includes an x-bar, lever arm, pulley, gears, or tube. 9. The human assistance device of claim 7, wherein the differential assembly includes:
a first horizontal bar attached to the upper back straps; a second horizontal bar attached to the lower back straps; a first cable connected between the first horizontal bar and second horizontal bar; and a second cable connected between the first horizontal bar and second horizontal bar to cross over the first cable. 10. The human assistance device of claim 7, wherein the leg strap arrangement includes a knee pad adapted to cover a knee of the user. 11. The human assistance device of claim 10, wherein the knee pad opens along a segment. 12. The human assistance device of claim 7, wherein the upper torso harness includes a shoulder strap and buckle. 13. The human assistance device of claim 7, wherein the leg strap arrangement includes an elastic material. 14. A method of making a human assistance device, comprising:
providing an upper torso harness with upper back straps configured to attach to a user; providing a leg strap arrangement with lower back straps configured to attach to a user; and providing a differential assembly connected between the upper back straps and lower back straps to reduce resistance of the upper torso harness and leg strap arrangement during gait. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the differential assembly includes an x-bar, lever arm, pulley, gears, or tube. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein providing the differential assembly includes:
providing a first horizontal bar attached to the upper back straps; providing a second horizontal bar attached to the lower back straps; providing a first cable connected between the first horizontal bar and second horizontal bar; and providing a second cable connected between the first horizontal bar and second horizontal bar to cross over the first cable. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein providing the leg strap arrangement includes providing a knee pad adapted to cover a knee of the user. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the knee pad opens along a segment. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein providing the upper torso harness includes providing a shoulder strap and buckle. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the leg strap arrangement includes an elastic material. | A human motion assistance device has upper back straps and is configured to attach to a user. A leg strap arrangement with lower back straps is configured to attach to the user. A differential assembly is connected between the upper back straps and lower back straps to reduce resistance of the upper torso harness and leg strap arrangement during gait. When crouching or lifting, the differential assembly transfers force to stretch and retract the upper torso harness and leg strap arrangement, which provides human motion assistance. The differential assembly can be implements as an x-bar, lever arm, pulley, gears, or tube. The leg strap arrangement has a knee pad adapted to cover a knee of the user. The knee pad opens along a segment. The upper torso harness has a shoulder strap and buckle. The leg strap arrangement is an elastic material.1. A human assistance device, comprising:
an upper torso harness configured to attach to a user; a differential assembly attached to the upper torso harness; and a leg strap arrangement attached to the differential assembly, wherein the upper torso harness and leg strap arrangement are passive. 2. The human assistance device of claim 1, wherein the differential assembly includes an x-bar, lever arm, pulley, gears, or tube. 3. The human assistance device of claim 1, wherein the differential assembly includes:
a first horizontal bar attached to the upper torso harness; a second horizontal bar attached to the leg strap arrangement; a first cable connected between the first horizontal bar and second horizontal bar; and a second cable connected between the first horizontal bar and second horizontal bar to cross over the first cable. 4. The human assistance device of claim 1, wherein the upper torso harness includes a shoulder strap and upper back straps connected to the differential assembly. 5. The human assistance device of claim 1, wherein the leg strap arrangement includes:
a lower back strap attached to the differential assembly; and a knee pad adapted to cover a knee of the user. 6. The human assistance device of claim 1, wherein the leg strap arrangement includes an elastic material. 7. A human assistance device, comprising:
an upper torso harness with upper back straps configured to attach to a user; a leg strap arrangement with lower back straps configured to attach to the user; and a differential assembly connected between the upper back straps and lower back straps to reduce resistance of the upper torso harness and leg strap arrangement during gait. 8. The human assistance device of claim 7, wherein the differential assembly includes an x-bar, lever arm, pulley, gears, or tube. 9. The human assistance device of claim 7, wherein the differential assembly includes:
a first horizontal bar attached to the upper back straps; a second horizontal bar attached to the lower back straps; a first cable connected between the first horizontal bar and second horizontal bar; and a second cable connected between the first horizontal bar and second horizontal bar to cross over the first cable. 10. The human assistance device of claim 7, wherein the leg strap arrangement includes a knee pad adapted to cover a knee of the user. 11. The human assistance device of claim 10, wherein the knee pad opens along a segment. 12. The human assistance device of claim 7, wherein the upper torso harness includes a shoulder strap and buckle. 13. The human assistance device of claim 7, wherein the leg strap arrangement includes an elastic material. 14. A method of making a human assistance device, comprising:
providing an upper torso harness with upper back straps configured to attach to a user; providing a leg strap arrangement with lower back straps configured to attach to a user; and providing a differential assembly connected between the upper back straps and lower back straps to reduce resistance of the upper torso harness and leg strap arrangement during gait. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the differential assembly includes an x-bar, lever arm, pulley, gears, or tube. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein providing the differential assembly includes:
providing a first horizontal bar attached to the upper back straps; providing a second horizontal bar attached to the lower back straps; providing a first cable connected between the first horizontal bar and second horizontal bar; and providing a second cable connected between the first horizontal bar and second horizontal bar to cross over the first cable. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein providing the leg strap arrangement includes providing a knee pad adapted to cover a knee of the user. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the knee pad opens along a segment. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein providing the upper torso harness includes providing a shoulder strap and buckle. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the leg strap arrangement includes an elastic material. | 3,700 |
341,045 | 16,801,328 | 3,786 | Disclosed are a mask treating apparatus and a mask treating method. The mask treating apparatus comprises a process chamber that receives a blank mask package inclusive of a blank mask and performs a process on the blank mask, an unpacking unit that is disposed in the process chamber and unpacks the blank mask package, and a laser marking unit that is disposed in the process chamber and irradiates a laser onto the blank mask to form a fiducial mark. | 1.-10. (canceled) 11. A mask treating method comprising:
creating on the blank mask a fiducial mark serving as a reference point to determine a defect position on the blank mask, wherein creating the fiducial mark comprises:
selecting one of a first mode and a second mode based on an uppermost layer of the blank mask;
irradiating a laser onto a first side of the blank mask to form the fiducial mark under the first mode; and
reversing the blank mask upside down and then irradiating the laser onto a second side of the blank mask to form the fiducial mark under the second mode. 12. The method of claim 11,
wherein the first mode is selected when metal is included in the uppermost layer, and wherein the second mode is selected when photoresist is included in the uppermost layer. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
providing a cleaning gas to perform a cleaning process on the blank mask under the first mode, wherein the cleaning gas comprises a clean dry air or a nitrogen gas. 14. The method of claim 13,
wherein the fiducial mark is formed simultaneously with performing the cleaning process under the first mode, and wherein the cleaning gas is provided downward inclined toward an edge of the blank mask. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
aligning the blank mask based on a location of the fiducial mark; determining the defect position on the blank mask in relation to the location of the fiducial mark; and patterning the blank mask by evading the defect position. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
providing a blank mask package that includes a blank mask; and unpacking the blank mask package to provide the blank mask. 17. The method of claim 11,
wherein the blank mask comprises a quartz substrate and a metal layer on the quartz substrate, and wherein the creating of the fiducial mark comprises creating the fiducial mark on the metal layer. 18. The method of claim 17,
wherein the blank mask further comprises a photoresist layer on the metal layer in the second mode, and wherein the irradiating of the laser comprises irradiating the laser through the quartz substrate onto the metal layer. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the laser is not directly provided to the photoresist layer. 20. A mask treating method comprising:
providing a blank mask package that includes a blank mask; unpacking the blank mask package to provide the blank mask; and creating on the blank mask a fiducial mark serving as a reference point to determine a defect position on the blank mask. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein creating the fiducial mark comprises:
selecting one of a first mode and a second mode based on an uppermost layer of the blank mask; irradiating a laser onto a first side of the blank mask to form the fiducial mark under the first mode; and reversing the blank mask upside down and then irradiating the laser onto a second side of the blank mask to form the fiducial mark under the second mode. 22. The method of claim 21,
wherein the first mode is selected when metal is included in the uppermost layer, and wherein the second mode is selected when photoresist is included in the uppermost layer. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
providing a cleaning gas to perform a cleaning process on the blank mask under the first mode, wherein the cleaning gas comprises a clean dry air or a nitrogen gas. 24. The method of claim 23,
wherein the fiducial mark is formed simultaneously with performing the cleaning process under the first mode, and wherein the cleaning gas is provided downward inclined toward an edge of the blank mask. 25. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
aligning the blank mask based on a location of the fiducial mark; determining the defect position on the blank mask in relation to the location of the fiducial mark; and patterning the blank mask by evading the defect position. 26. The method of claim 20,
wherein the blank mask comprises a quartz substrate and a metal layer on the quartz substrate, wherein the creating of the fiducial mark comprises creating the fiducial mark on the metal layer. 27. The method of claim 26,
wherein the blank mask further comprises a photoresist layer on the metal layer in a second mode, and wherein irradiating of a laser comprises irradiating the laser through the quartz substrate onto the metal layer. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the laser is not directly provided to the photoresist layer. | Disclosed are a mask treating apparatus and a mask treating method. The mask treating apparatus comprises a process chamber that receives a blank mask package inclusive of a blank mask and performs a process on the blank mask, an unpacking unit that is disposed in the process chamber and unpacks the blank mask package, and a laser marking unit that is disposed in the process chamber and irradiates a laser onto the blank mask to form a fiducial mark.1.-10. (canceled) 11. A mask treating method comprising:
creating on the blank mask a fiducial mark serving as a reference point to determine a defect position on the blank mask, wherein creating the fiducial mark comprises:
selecting one of a first mode and a second mode based on an uppermost layer of the blank mask;
irradiating a laser onto a first side of the blank mask to form the fiducial mark under the first mode; and
reversing the blank mask upside down and then irradiating the laser onto a second side of the blank mask to form the fiducial mark under the second mode. 12. The method of claim 11,
wherein the first mode is selected when metal is included in the uppermost layer, and wherein the second mode is selected when photoresist is included in the uppermost layer. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
providing a cleaning gas to perform a cleaning process on the blank mask under the first mode, wherein the cleaning gas comprises a clean dry air or a nitrogen gas. 14. The method of claim 13,
wherein the fiducial mark is formed simultaneously with performing the cleaning process under the first mode, and wherein the cleaning gas is provided downward inclined toward an edge of the blank mask. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
aligning the blank mask based on a location of the fiducial mark; determining the defect position on the blank mask in relation to the location of the fiducial mark; and patterning the blank mask by evading the defect position. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
providing a blank mask package that includes a blank mask; and unpacking the blank mask package to provide the blank mask. 17. The method of claim 11,
wherein the blank mask comprises a quartz substrate and a metal layer on the quartz substrate, and wherein the creating of the fiducial mark comprises creating the fiducial mark on the metal layer. 18. The method of claim 17,
wherein the blank mask further comprises a photoresist layer on the metal layer in the second mode, and wherein the irradiating of the laser comprises irradiating the laser through the quartz substrate onto the metal layer. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the laser is not directly provided to the photoresist layer. 20. A mask treating method comprising:
providing a blank mask package that includes a blank mask; unpacking the blank mask package to provide the blank mask; and creating on the blank mask a fiducial mark serving as a reference point to determine a defect position on the blank mask. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein creating the fiducial mark comprises:
selecting one of a first mode and a second mode based on an uppermost layer of the blank mask; irradiating a laser onto a first side of the blank mask to form the fiducial mark under the first mode; and reversing the blank mask upside down and then irradiating the laser onto a second side of the blank mask to form the fiducial mark under the second mode. 22. The method of claim 21,
wherein the first mode is selected when metal is included in the uppermost layer, and wherein the second mode is selected when photoresist is included in the uppermost layer. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
providing a cleaning gas to perform a cleaning process on the blank mask under the first mode, wherein the cleaning gas comprises a clean dry air or a nitrogen gas. 24. The method of claim 23,
wherein the fiducial mark is formed simultaneously with performing the cleaning process under the first mode, and wherein the cleaning gas is provided downward inclined toward an edge of the blank mask. 25. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
aligning the blank mask based on a location of the fiducial mark; determining the defect position on the blank mask in relation to the location of the fiducial mark; and patterning the blank mask by evading the defect position. 26. The method of claim 20,
wherein the blank mask comprises a quartz substrate and a metal layer on the quartz substrate, wherein the creating of the fiducial mark comprises creating the fiducial mark on the metal layer. 27. The method of claim 26,
wherein the blank mask further comprises a photoresist layer on the metal layer in a second mode, and wherein irradiating of a laser comprises irradiating the laser through the quartz substrate onto the metal layer. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the laser is not directly provided to the photoresist layer. | 3,700 |
341,046 | 16,801,366 | 3,786 | An improved rodent trap is provided for enticing and entrapping rodents in a humane fashion, and that permits the entrapped rodents to survive within the trap until they can be released into a suitable environment. The improved rodent trap is preferably comprised of a transparent or translucent enclosure having a removable lid, a one way, spring biased door, an air supply, and a food and water source contained therein to sustain the rodents during their period of captivity. The removable lid is preferably attached to the enclosure via a “F” shaped channel that is positioned on each of a front panel and opposing side panels. | 1. A rodent trap comprising:
an enclosure; a lid removably attached to the enclosure; a tunnel; and a trap door mechanism positioned within said tunnel. 2. The rodent trap of claim 1 further comprising a food tray and a water basin, wherein the water basin is fixedly attached to the enclosure. 3. The rodent trap of claim 1, wherein at least one of the enclosure and the lid are comprised of a transparent material. 4. The rodent trap of claim 1, wherein the enclosure is formed by a bottom panel, opposing side panels, a front panel and a back panel. 5. The rodent trap of claim 4, wherein the opposing side panels further comprise a “F” shaped channel for receipt of the lid. 6. The rodent trap of claim 4, wherein at least one of the lid, the opposing side panels, the front panel and the back panel further comprise at least one continuous opening therein to permit air to enter into the enclosure. 7. The rodent trap of claim 1, wherein the trap door mechanism further comprises a repositionable door and a spring. 8. The rodent trap of claim 1, wherein at least one of the enclosure and the lid are comprised of a translucent material. 9. A rodent trap comprising:
an enclosure having a pair of opposing “F” shaped channels; a lid removably positioned in the pair of opposing “F” shaped channels; a tunnel; and a trap door mechanism. 10. The rodent trap of claim 9 further comprising a food tray and a water basin, wherein the water basin is fixedly attached to the enclosure. 11. The rodent trap of claim 9, wherein at least one of the enclosure and the lid are comprised of a transparent material. 12. The rodent trap of claim 9, wherein the enclosure is formed by a bottom panel, opposing side panels, a front panel and a back panel. 13. The rodent trap of claim 12, wherein the each of the opposing “F” shaped channels are positioned on one of said opposing side panels. 14. The rodent trap of claim 12, wherein at least one of the lid, the opposing side panels, the front panel and the back panel further comprise at least one continuous opening therein to permit air to enter into the enclosure. 15. The rodent trap of claim 9, wherein the trap door mechanism further comprises a repositionable door and a spring. 16. The rodent trap of claim 9, wherein at least one of the enclosure and the lid are comprised of a translucent material. 17. The rodent trap of claim 9, wherein the lid further comprises a handle. 18. A rodent trap comprising:
an enclosure formed by a front panel, a back panel, a bottom and a pair of opposing side panels; a lid removably attached to the enclosure; a tunnel; a trap door mechanism; and a water basin. 19. The rodent trap of claim 18, wherein the each of the pair of opposing side panels and the front panel further comprise a “F” shaped channel, and further wherein each of the “F” shaped channels are in fluid communication with one another. 20. The rodent trap of claim 18, wherein the front panel has continuous opening formed therein for receipt of the tunnel, and further wherein at least one of the enclosure and the lid are comprised of a transparent or translucent material. | An improved rodent trap is provided for enticing and entrapping rodents in a humane fashion, and that permits the entrapped rodents to survive within the trap until they can be released into a suitable environment. The improved rodent trap is preferably comprised of a transparent or translucent enclosure having a removable lid, a one way, spring biased door, an air supply, and a food and water source contained therein to sustain the rodents during their period of captivity. The removable lid is preferably attached to the enclosure via a “F” shaped channel that is positioned on each of a front panel and opposing side panels.1. A rodent trap comprising:
an enclosure; a lid removably attached to the enclosure; a tunnel; and a trap door mechanism positioned within said tunnel. 2. The rodent trap of claim 1 further comprising a food tray and a water basin, wherein the water basin is fixedly attached to the enclosure. 3. The rodent trap of claim 1, wherein at least one of the enclosure and the lid are comprised of a transparent material. 4. The rodent trap of claim 1, wherein the enclosure is formed by a bottom panel, opposing side panels, a front panel and a back panel. 5. The rodent trap of claim 4, wherein the opposing side panels further comprise a “F” shaped channel for receipt of the lid. 6. The rodent trap of claim 4, wherein at least one of the lid, the opposing side panels, the front panel and the back panel further comprise at least one continuous opening therein to permit air to enter into the enclosure. 7. The rodent trap of claim 1, wherein the trap door mechanism further comprises a repositionable door and a spring. 8. The rodent trap of claim 1, wherein at least one of the enclosure and the lid are comprised of a translucent material. 9. A rodent trap comprising:
an enclosure having a pair of opposing “F” shaped channels; a lid removably positioned in the pair of opposing “F” shaped channels; a tunnel; and a trap door mechanism. 10. The rodent trap of claim 9 further comprising a food tray and a water basin, wherein the water basin is fixedly attached to the enclosure. 11. The rodent trap of claim 9, wherein at least one of the enclosure and the lid are comprised of a transparent material. 12. The rodent trap of claim 9, wherein the enclosure is formed by a bottom panel, opposing side panels, a front panel and a back panel. 13. The rodent trap of claim 12, wherein the each of the opposing “F” shaped channels are positioned on one of said opposing side panels. 14. The rodent trap of claim 12, wherein at least one of the lid, the opposing side panels, the front panel and the back panel further comprise at least one continuous opening therein to permit air to enter into the enclosure. 15. The rodent trap of claim 9, wherein the trap door mechanism further comprises a repositionable door and a spring. 16. The rodent trap of claim 9, wherein at least one of the enclosure and the lid are comprised of a translucent material. 17. The rodent trap of claim 9, wherein the lid further comprises a handle. 18. A rodent trap comprising:
an enclosure formed by a front panel, a back panel, a bottom and a pair of opposing side panels; a lid removably attached to the enclosure; a tunnel; a trap door mechanism; and a water basin. 19. The rodent trap of claim 18, wherein the each of the pair of opposing side panels and the front panel further comprise a “F” shaped channel, and further wherein each of the “F” shaped channels are in fluid communication with one another. 20. The rodent trap of claim 18, wherein the front panel has continuous opening formed therein for receipt of the tunnel, and further wherein at least one of the enclosure and the lid are comprised of a transparent or translucent material. | 3,700 |
341,047 | 16,801,322 | 3,786 | The disclosure includes compounds of Formula (I) wherein A, W, m, R5, R6, R7, and R8, are defined herein. Also disclosed is a method for treating a neoplastic disease with these compounds. | 1. A compound of Formula (I), or an N-oxide thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer, stereoisomer, or an isotopic form of said compound of Formula (I) or N-oxide thereof: 2. The compound according to claim 1 or an N-oxide thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer, stereoisomer, or an isotopic form thereof, wherein the compound is represented by Formula (II) 3. The compound according to claim 1 or an N-oxide thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer, stereoisomer, or an isotopic form thereof, wherein the compound is
(R)-2-methyl-2-(6-(3-methylmorpholino)-2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)propanenitrile,
(R)-4-(2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)-6-(1,1,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-3-methylmorpholine,
1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(6-((R)-3-methylmorpholino)-2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)propan-2-ol,
(R)-2-(6-(3-methylmorpholino)-2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)propan-2-ol, or
(R)-2-(6-(3-methylmorpholino)-2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)propan-2-amine. 4. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula (I) or an N-oxide thereof as defined in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer, stereoisomer, or an isotopic form of said compound of Formula (I) or an N-oxide thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier. 5. A method of treating a neoplastic disease, autoimmune disease, and inflammatory disorder, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or an N-oxide thereof as defined in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer, stereoisomer, or an isotopic form of said compound of Formula (I) or an N-oxide thereof. | The disclosure includes compounds of Formula (I) wherein A, W, m, R5, R6, R7, and R8, are defined herein. Also disclosed is a method for treating a neoplastic disease with these compounds.1. A compound of Formula (I), or an N-oxide thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer, stereoisomer, or an isotopic form of said compound of Formula (I) or N-oxide thereof: 2. The compound according to claim 1 or an N-oxide thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer, stereoisomer, or an isotopic form thereof, wherein the compound is represented by Formula (II) 3. The compound according to claim 1 or an N-oxide thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer, stereoisomer, or an isotopic form thereof, wherein the compound is
(R)-2-methyl-2-(6-(3-methylmorpholino)-2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)propanenitrile,
(R)-4-(2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)-6-(1,1,1-trifluoro-2-methylpropan-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-3-methylmorpholine,
1,1,1-trifluoro-2-(6-((R)-3-methylmorpholino)-2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)propan-2-ol,
(R)-2-(6-(3-methylmorpholino)-2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)propan-2-ol, or
(R)-2-(6-(3-methylmorpholino)-2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)propan-2-amine. 4. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula (I) or an N-oxide thereof as defined in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer, stereoisomer, or an isotopic form of said compound of Formula (I) or an N-oxide thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier. 5. A method of treating a neoplastic disease, autoimmune disease, and inflammatory disorder, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or an N-oxide thereof as defined in claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, tautomer, stereoisomer, or an isotopic form of said compound of Formula (I) or an N-oxide thereof. | 3,700 |
341,048 | 16,801,330 | 3,786 | A pump device includes a rotating body, a pump housing including a suction port and a discharge port, and a relief valve. In the pump device, a fluid is sucked from the suction port and discharged from the discharge port by rotation of the rotating body. The relief valve includes a valve body and a biasing member. The discharge port includes an one end in a direction in which the discharge port extends. The one end is shallower than a middle portion of the discharge port. The pump housing includes a relief flow path through which the fluid flows when the relief valve opens. The relief flow path is provided so as to be open to a groove bottom surface of the one end of the discharge port. | 1. A pump device, comprising:
a rotating body that is rotationally driven about a rotation axis; a pump housing including a suction port and a discharge port that are open to an accommodating chamber accommodating the rotating body, the suction port and the discharge port extending in a shape of an arc-shaped groove; and a relief valve that opens when a hydraulic pressure in the discharge port becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined value, wherein: in the pump device, a fluid is sucked from the suction port and discharged from the discharge port by rotation of the rotating body; the relief valve includes a valve body and a biasing member that biases the valve body in a valve closing direction; the discharge port includes an one end in a direction in which the discharge port extends, the one end being shallower than a middle portion of the discharge port; the pump housing includes a relief flow path through which the fluid flows when the relief valve opens, the relief flow path being provided so as to be open to a groove bottom surface of the one end of the discharge port; and the valve body and the biasing member of the relief valve and an opening of the relief flow path are arranged in a direction parallel to the rotation axis, the opening being provided in the groove bottom surface. 2. The pump device according to claim 1, wherein the rotating body defines a plurality of pump chambers on an outer peripheral side of the rotating body, each of the pump chambers having a capacity that changes with rotation of the rotating body, the pump device performs a pump operation in which the fluid flows from the suction port into each of the pump chambers in a suction stroke in which the capacity increases and the fluid flows from each of the pump chambers into the discharge port in a discharge stroke in which the capacity decreases, and the one end of the discharge port is an end that is one of both ends of the discharge port in the direction in which the discharge port extends and with which each of the pump chambers communicates in an initial stage of the discharge stroke. 3. The pump device according to claim 1, wherein the groove bottom surface of the discharge port is such a tilted surface that a depth of the discharge port in a direction parallel to the rotation axis gradually increases from the one end toward the middle portion. 4. The pump device according to claim 1, wherein the biasing member is a coil spring, and a direction in which the coil spring extends and contracts is substantially parallel to the rotation axis. 5. The pump device according to claim 1, wherein the pump housing includes a disc-shaped body portion including the suction port and the discharge port, a tubular portion including the relief flow path inside the tubular portion is provided in the body portion, the tubular portion accommodates the valve body and the biasing member, and the tubular portion is entirely located radially inward of an outer peripheral surface of the body portion when the pump housing is viewed in a direction of the rotation axis. 6. The pump device according to claim 4, further comprising an electric motor unit that rotationally drives the rotating body, wherein the rotating body is attached to an output rotating shaft of the electric motor unit, the coil spring is accommodated in a tubular portion provided in the pump housing, and the tubular portion is entirely located radially inward of an outer peripheral surface of the electric motor unit when the pump housing is viewed in a direction of the rotation axis. | A pump device includes a rotating body, a pump housing including a suction port and a discharge port, and a relief valve. In the pump device, a fluid is sucked from the suction port and discharged from the discharge port by rotation of the rotating body. The relief valve includes a valve body and a biasing member. The discharge port includes an one end in a direction in which the discharge port extends. The one end is shallower than a middle portion of the discharge port. The pump housing includes a relief flow path through which the fluid flows when the relief valve opens. The relief flow path is provided so as to be open to a groove bottom surface of the one end of the discharge port.1. A pump device, comprising:
a rotating body that is rotationally driven about a rotation axis; a pump housing including a suction port and a discharge port that are open to an accommodating chamber accommodating the rotating body, the suction port and the discharge port extending in a shape of an arc-shaped groove; and a relief valve that opens when a hydraulic pressure in the discharge port becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined value, wherein: in the pump device, a fluid is sucked from the suction port and discharged from the discharge port by rotation of the rotating body; the relief valve includes a valve body and a biasing member that biases the valve body in a valve closing direction; the discharge port includes an one end in a direction in which the discharge port extends, the one end being shallower than a middle portion of the discharge port; the pump housing includes a relief flow path through which the fluid flows when the relief valve opens, the relief flow path being provided so as to be open to a groove bottom surface of the one end of the discharge port; and the valve body and the biasing member of the relief valve and an opening of the relief flow path are arranged in a direction parallel to the rotation axis, the opening being provided in the groove bottom surface. 2. The pump device according to claim 1, wherein the rotating body defines a plurality of pump chambers on an outer peripheral side of the rotating body, each of the pump chambers having a capacity that changes with rotation of the rotating body, the pump device performs a pump operation in which the fluid flows from the suction port into each of the pump chambers in a suction stroke in which the capacity increases and the fluid flows from each of the pump chambers into the discharge port in a discharge stroke in which the capacity decreases, and the one end of the discharge port is an end that is one of both ends of the discharge port in the direction in which the discharge port extends and with which each of the pump chambers communicates in an initial stage of the discharge stroke. 3. The pump device according to claim 1, wherein the groove bottom surface of the discharge port is such a tilted surface that a depth of the discharge port in a direction parallel to the rotation axis gradually increases from the one end toward the middle portion. 4. The pump device according to claim 1, wherein the biasing member is a coil spring, and a direction in which the coil spring extends and contracts is substantially parallel to the rotation axis. 5. The pump device according to claim 1, wherein the pump housing includes a disc-shaped body portion including the suction port and the discharge port, a tubular portion including the relief flow path inside the tubular portion is provided in the body portion, the tubular portion accommodates the valve body and the biasing member, and the tubular portion is entirely located radially inward of an outer peripheral surface of the body portion when the pump housing is viewed in a direction of the rotation axis. 6. The pump device according to claim 4, further comprising an electric motor unit that rotationally drives the rotating body, wherein the rotating body is attached to an output rotating shaft of the electric motor unit, the coil spring is accommodated in a tubular portion provided in the pump housing, and the tubular portion is entirely located radially inward of an outer peripheral surface of the electric motor unit when the pump housing is viewed in a direction of the rotation axis. | 3,700 |
341,049 | 16,801,333 | 3,786 | A pump device includes a rotating body, a pump housing including a suction port and a discharge port, and a relief valve. In the pump device, a fluid is sucked from the suction port and discharged from the discharge port by rotation of the rotating body. The relief valve includes a valve body and a biasing member. The discharge port includes an one end in a direction in which the discharge port extends. The one end is shallower than a middle portion of the discharge port. The pump housing includes a relief flow path through which the fluid flows when the relief valve opens. The relief flow path is provided so as to be open to a groove bottom surface of the one end of the discharge port. | 1. A pump device, comprising:
a rotating body that is rotationally driven about a rotation axis; a pump housing including a suction port and a discharge port that are open to an accommodating chamber accommodating the rotating body, the suction port and the discharge port extending in a shape of an arc-shaped groove; and a relief valve that opens when a hydraulic pressure in the discharge port becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined value, wherein: in the pump device, a fluid is sucked from the suction port and discharged from the discharge port by rotation of the rotating body; the relief valve includes a valve body and a biasing member that biases the valve body in a valve closing direction; the discharge port includes an one end in a direction in which the discharge port extends, the one end being shallower than a middle portion of the discharge port; the pump housing includes a relief flow path through which the fluid flows when the relief valve opens, the relief flow path being provided so as to be open to a groove bottom surface of the one end of the discharge port; and the valve body and the biasing member of the relief valve and an opening of the relief flow path are arranged in a direction parallel to the rotation axis, the opening being provided in the groove bottom surface. 2. The pump device according to claim 1, wherein the rotating body defines a plurality of pump chambers on an outer peripheral side of the rotating body, each of the pump chambers having a capacity that changes with rotation of the rotating body, the pump device performs a pump operation in which the fluid flows from the suction port into each of the pump chambers in a suction stroke in which the capacity increases and the fluid flows from each of the pump chambers into the discharge port in a discharge stroke in which the capacity decreases, and the one end of the discharge port is an end that is one of both ends of the discharge port in the direction in which the discharge port extends and with which each of the pump chambers communicates in an initial stage of the discharge stroke. 3. The pump device according to claim 1, wherein the groove bottom surface of the discharge port is such a tilted surface that a depth of the discharge port in a direction parallel to the rotation axis gradually increases from the one end toward the middle portion. 4. The pump device according to claim 1, wherein the biasing member is a coil spring, and a direction in which the coil spring extends and contracts is substantially parallel to the rotation axis. 5. The pump device according to claim 1, wherein the pump housing includes a disc-shaped body portion including the suction port and the discharge port, a tubular portion including the relief flow path inside the tubular portion is provided in the body portion, the tubular portion accommodates the valve body and the biasing member, and the tubular portion is entirely located radially inward of an outer peripheral surface of the body portion when the pump housing is viewed in a direction of the rotation axis. 6. The pump device according to claim 4, further comprising an electric motor unit that rotationally drives the rotating body, wherein the rotating body is attached to an output rotating shaft of the electric motor unit, the coil spring is accommodated in a tubular portion provided in the pump housing, and the tubular portion is entirely located radially inward of an outer peripheral surface of the electric motor unit when the pump housing is viewed in a direction of the rotation axis. | A pump device includes a rotating body, a pump housing including a suction port and a discharge port, and a relief valve. In the pump device, a fluid is sucked from the suction port and discharged from the discharge port by rotation of the rotating body. The relief valve includes a valve body and a biasing member. The discharge port includes an one end in a direction in which the discharge port extends. The one end is shallower than a middle portion of the discharge port. The pump housing includes a relief flow path through which the fluid flows when the relief valve opens. The relief flow path is provided so as to be open to a groove bottom surface of the one end of the discharge port.1. A pump device, comprising:
a rotating body that is rotationally driven about a rotation axis; a pump housing including a suction port and a discharge port that are open to an accommodating chamber accommodating the rotating body, the suction port and the discharge port extending in a shape of an arc-shaped groove; and a relief valve that opens when a hydraulic pressure in the discharge port becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined value, wherein: in the pump device, a fluid is sucked from the suction port and discharged from the discharge port by rotation of the rotating body; the relief valve includes a valve body and a biasing member that biases the valve body in a valve closing direction; the discharge port includes an one end in a direction in which the discharge port extends, the one end being shallower than a middle portion of the discharge port; the pump housing includes a relief flow path through which the fluid flows when the relief valve opens, the relief flow path being provided so as to be open to a groove bottom surface of the one end of the discharge port; and the valve body and the biasing member of the relief valve and an opening of the relief flow path are arranged in a direction parallel to the rotation axis, the opening being provided in the groove bottom surface. 2. The pump device according to claim 1, wherein the rotating body defines a plurality of pump chambers on an outer peripheral side of the rotating body, each of the pump chambers having a capacity that changes with rotation of the rotating body, the pump device performs a pump operation in which the fluid flows from the suction port into each of the pump chambers in a suction stroke in which the capacity increases and the fluid flows from each of the pump chambers into the discharge port in a discharge stroke in which the capacity decreases, and the one end of the discharge port is an end that is one of both ends of the discharge port in the direction in which the discharge port extends and with which each of the pump chambers communicates in an initial stage of the discharge stroke. 3. The pump device according to claim 1, wherein the groove bottom surface of the discharge port is such a tilted surface that a depth of the discharge port in a direction parallel to the rotation axis gradually increases from the one end toward the middle portion. 4. The pump device according to claim 1, wherein the biasing member is a coil spring, and a direction in which the coil spring extends and contracts is substantially parallel to the rotation axis. 5. The pump device according to claim 1, wherein the pump housing includes a disc-shaped body portion including the suction port and the discharge port, a tubular portion including the relief flow path inside the tubular portion is provided in the body portion, the tubular portion accommodates the valve body and the biasing member, and the tubular portion is entirely located radially inward of an outer peripheral surface of the body portion when the pump housing is viewed in a direction of the rotation axis. 6. The pump device according to claim 4, further comprising an electric motor unit that rotationally drives the rotating body, wherein the rotating body is attached to an output rotating shaft of the electric motor unit, the coil spring is accommodated in a tubular portion provided in the pump housing, and the tubular portion is entirely located radially inward of an outer peripheral surface of the electric motor unit when the pump housing is viewed in a direction of the rotation axis. | 3,700 |
341,050 | 16,801,323 | 3,786 | A lightning grounding apparatus that includes a pivot arm and an electrical grounding element at the distal end of the pivot arm. An actuator is mechanically coupled to the pivot arm and configured to rotate the pivot arm about an axis so as to swing the distal end of the pivot arm between a retracted position and an extended position that is configured to make physical contact between the electrical grounding element and a surface of a structure to be grounded. A limit switch is provided that is mounted on the pivot arm, and is responsive to a position of a limit switch operating arm. The limit switch operating arm is configured to trip the limit switch in response to a predetermined amount of force against the distal end of the pivot arm resulting from physical contact being made between the electrical grounding element and the surface of the structure. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a pivot arm having a proximal end and a distal end; an electrical grounding element at the distal end of the pivot arm; an actuator mechanically coupled to the pivot arm and configured to rotate the pivot arm about an axis so as to swing the distal end of the pivot arm between a retracted position and an extended position to make physical contact between the electrical grounding element and a surface of a structure to be grounded; a limit switch; and a limit switch operating arm configured to trip the limit switch in response to a predetermined amount of force against the distal end of the pivot arm resulting from physical contact being made between the electrical grounding element and the surface of the structure. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pivot arm includes a first segment and a second segment, the first segment extending between the proximal end and an intermediate point of the pivot arm, the second segment extending between the intermediate point and the distal end, the first segment and the second segment attached to each other at the intermediate point in a hinge configuration such that the first segment and the second segment can pivot relative to each other. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the limit switch operating arm includes a first end and a second end, the first end connected to the first segment of the pivot arm, and the second end of the limit switch operating arm configured to abut the second segment of the pivot arm, wherein the predetermined amount of force causes the limit switch operating arm to rotate by an amount sufficient to trip the limit switch. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the actuator is a linear actuator having an actuator rod that is mechanically coupled to the proximal end of the pivot arm and is configured to move between a first actuator position placing the pivot arm in the retracted position and a second actuator position placing the pivot arm in the extended position. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, further including:
a support frame to which the linear actuator is configured to attached; first and second support arms extending above the support frame and spaced apart from each other; a bracket configured to attach to the first segment of the pivot arm, the bracket including first and second bracket arms extending on opposite sides of the first and second support arms, and a pivot connector mounted between the first and second support arms to rotate about a pin passing through the first and second support arms; and an actuator pivot attached to the pivot connector and to an actuator rod of the linear actuator, wherein the actuator pivot is configured to translate linear movement of the actuator rod between the first actuator position and the second actuator position to rotational movement of the pivot arm between the retracted position and the extended position. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, further including an actuator limit switch and an actuator limit switch operating arm coupled to the actuator pivot, wherein the actuator limit switch is configured to monitor movement of the actuator pivot. 7. The apparatus of claim 5, further including a mounting bracket to which the support frame is configured to attach, wherein the mounting bracket is configured to attach to an exterior wall of a passenger loading bridge so as to place the pivot arm in a position proximate an aircraft to be grounded when the passenger loading bridge is at a boarding door of an aircraft. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising at least one grounding strap electrically connected between the electrical grounding element and the mounting bracket. 9. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a control interface unit configured to control the actuator and connected to the limit switch. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising an electrical connection between the control interface unit and an operator control panel in the passenger loading bridge. 11. A system comprising:
a lightning grounding apparatus including:
a pivot arm having a proximal end and a distal end;
an electrical grounding element at the distal end of the pivot arm;
at least one grounding strap electrically connected to the electrical grounding element;
an actuator mechanically coupled to the pivot arm and configured to rotate the pivot arm about an axis so as to swing the distal end of the pivot arm between a retracted position and an extended position to make physical contact between the electrical grounding element and an exterior surface of an aircraft;
a limit switch;
a limit switch operating arm configured to trip the limit switch in response to a predetermined amount of force against the distal end of the pivot arm resulting from physical contact being made between the electrical grounding element and the exterior surface of the aircraft; and
a control interface unit configured to control the actuator and connected to the limit switch;
an operator control panel for a passenger loading bridge, the operator control panel being electrically connected to the control interface unit, the operator control panel including:
at least one control button to initiate operation of the actuator in order to move the pivot arm between the retracted position and the extended position; and
at least one indicator that is activated, based on a state of the limit switch, configured to visually or audibly indicate whether the electrical grounding element is in physical contact with the exterior surface of the aircraft. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the pivot arm includes a first segment and a second segment, the first segment extending between the proximal end and an intermediate point of the pivot arm, the second segment extending between the intermediate point and the distal end, the first segment and the second segment attached to each other at the intermediate point in a hinge configuration such that the first segment and the second segment can pivot relative to each other. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the limit switch operating arm includes a first end and a second end, the first end connected to the first segment of the pivot arm, and the second end of the limit switch operating arm configured to abut the second segment of the pivot arm, wherein the predetermined amount of force causes the limit switch operating arm to rotate by an amount sufficient to trip the limit switch. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the actuator is a linear actuator having an actuator rod that is mechanically coupled to the proximal end of the pivot arm and is configured to move between a first actuator position placing the pivot arm in the retracted position and a second actuator position placing the pivot arm in the extended position. 15. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
a support frame to which the linear actuator is configured to attached; first and second support arms extending above the support frame and spaced apart from each other; a bracket configured to attach to the first segment of the pivot arm, the bracket including first and second bracket arms extending on opposite sides of the first and second support arms, and a pivot connector mounted between the first and second support arms to rotate about a pin passing through the first and second support arms; and an actuator pivot attached to the pivot connector and to an actuator rod of the linear actuator, wherein the actuator pivot is configured to translate linear movement of the actuator rod between the first actuator position and the second actuator position to rotational movement of the pivot arm between the retracted position and the extended position. 16. The system of claim 15, further comprising a mounting bracket to which the support frame is configured to attach, wherein the mounting bracket is configured to attach to an exterior wall of the passenger loading bridge so as to place the pivot arm in a position proximate the aircraft when the passenger loading bridge is at a boarding door of an aircraft. 17. The system of claim 15, further comprising an actuator limit switch and an actuator limit switch operating arm coupled to the actuator pivot, wherein the actuator limit switch is configured to monitor movement of the actuator pivot. 18. A method comprising:
rotating a pivot arm from a retracted position to an extended position to make physical contact between an electrical grounding element on a distal end of the pivot arm and an exterior surface of an aircraft to be grounded; monitoring a state of a limit switch mounted on the pivot arm and configured to trip in response to a predetermined amount force against the distal end of the pivot arm resulting from physical contact being made between the electrical grounding element and the exterior surface of the aircraft; and based on the state of the limit switch, generating a visual and/or audible indication whether the electrical grounding element is in physical contact with the exterior surface of the aircraft. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein generating includes generating the visual and/or audible indication on an operator control console of a passenger loading bridge. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein activating includes selecting a control button or switch on the operator control console of the passenger loading bridge. | A lightning grounding apparatus that includes a pivot arm and an electrical grounding element at the distal end of the pivot arm. An actuator is mechanically coupled to the pivot arm and configured to rotate the pivot arm about an axis so as to swing the distal end of the pivot arm between a retracted position and an extended position that is configured to make physical contact between the electrical grounding element and a surface of a structure to be grounded. A limit switch is provided that is mounted on the pivot arm, and is responsive to a position of a limit switch operating arm. The limit switch operating arm is configured to trip the limit switch in response to a predetermined amount of force against the distal end of the pivot arm resulting from physical contact being made between the electrical grounding element and the surface of the structure.1. An apparatus comprising:
a pivot arm having a proximal end and a distal end; an electrical grounding element at the distal end of the pivot arm; an actuator mechanically coupled to the pivot arm and configured to rotate the pivot arm about an axis so as to swing the distal end of the pivot arm between a retracted position and an extended position to make physical contact between the electrical grounding element and a surface of a structure to be grounded; a limit switch; and a limit switch operating arm configured to trip the limit switch in response to a predetermined amount of force against the distal end of the pivot arm resulting from physical contact being made between the electrical grounding element and the surface of the structure. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pivot arm includes a first segment and a second segment, the first segment extending between the proximal end and an intermediate point of the pivot arm, the second segment extending between the intermediate point and the distal end, the first segment and the second segment attached to each other at the intermediate point in a hinge configuration such that the first segment and the second segment can pivot relative to each other. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the limit switch operating arm includes a first end and a second end, the first end connected to the first segment of the pivot arm, and the second end of the limit switch operating arm configured to abut the second segment of the pivot arm, wherein the predetermined amount of force causes the limit switch operating arm to rotate by an amount sufficient to trip the limit switch. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the actuator is a linear actuator having an actuator rod that is mechanically coupled to the proximal end of the pivot arm and is configured to move between a first actuator position placing the pivot arm in the retracted position and a second actuator position placing the pivot arm in the extended position. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, further including:
a support frame to which the linear actuator is configured to attached; first and second support arms extending above the support frame and spaced apart from each other; a bracket configured to attach to the first segment of the pivot arm, the bracket including first and second bracket arms extending on opposite sides of the first and second support arms, and a pivot connector mounted between the first and second support arms to rotate about a pin passing through the first and second support arms; and an actuator pivot attached to the pivot connector and to an actuator rod of the linear actuator, wherein the actuator pivot is configured to translate linear movement of the actuator rod between the first actuator position and the second actuator position to rotational movement of the pivot arm between the retracted position and the extended position. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, further including an actuator limit switch and an actuator limit switch operating arm coupled to the actuator pivot, wherein the actuator limit switch is configured to monitor movement of the actuator pivot. 7. The apparatus of claim 5, further including a mounting bracket to which the support frame is configured to attach, wherein the mounting bracket is configured to attach to an exterior wall of a passenger loading bridge so as to place the pivot arm in a position proximate an aircraft to be grounded when the passenger loading bridge is at a boarding door of an aircraft. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising at least one grounding strap electrically connected between the electrical grounding element and the mounting bracket. 9. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a control interface unit configured to control the actuator and connected to the limit switch. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising an electrical connection between the control interface unit and an operator control panel in the passenger loading bridge. 11. A system comprising:
a lightning grounding apparatus including:
a pivot arm having a proximal end and a distal end;
an electrical grounding element at the distal end of the pivot arm;
at least one grounding strap electrically connected to the electrical grounding element;
an actuator mechanically coupled to the pivot arm and configured to rotate the pivot arm about an axis so as to swing the distal end of the pivot arm between a retracted position and an extended position to make physical contact between the electrical grounding element and an exterior surface of an aircraft;
a limit switch;
a limit switch operating arm configured to trip the limit switch in response to a predetermined amount of force against the distal end of the pivot arm resulting from physical contact being made between the electrical grounding element and the exterior surface of the aircraft; and
a control interface unit configured to control the actuator and connected to the limit switch;
an operator control panel for a passenger loading bridge, the operator control panel being electrically connected to the control interface unit, the operator control panel including:
at least one control button to initiate operation of the actuator in order to move the pivot arm between the retracted position and the extended position; and
at least one indicator that is activated, based on a state of the limit switch, configured to visually or audibly indicate whether the electrical grounding element is in physical contact with the exterior surface of the aircraft. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the pivot arm includes a first segment and a second segment, the first segment extending between the proximal end and an intermediate point of the pivot arm, the second segment extending between the intermediate point and the distal end, the first segment and the second segment attached to each other at the intermediate point in a hinge configuration such that the first segment and the second segment can pivot relative to each other. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the limit switch operating arm includes a first end and a second end, the first end connected to the first segment of the pivot arm, and the second end of the limit switch operating arm configured to abut the second segment of the pivot arm, wherein the predetermined amount of force causes the limit switch operating arm to rotate by an amount sufficient to trip the limit switch. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the actuator is a linear actuator having an actuator rod that is mechanically coupled to the proximal end of the pivot arm and is configured to move between a first actuator position placing the pivot arm in the retracted position and a second actuator position placing the pivot arm in the extended position. 15. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
a support frame to which the linear actuator is configured to attached; first and second support arms extending above the support frame and spaced apart from each other; a bracket configured to attach to the first segment of the pivot arm, the bracket including first and second bracket arms extending on opposite sides of the first and second support arms, and a pivot connector mounted between the first and second support arms to rotate about a pin passing through the first and second support arms; and an actuator pivot attached to the pivot connector and to an actuator rod of the linear actuator, wherein the actuator pivot is configured to translate linear movement of the actuator rod between the first actuator position and the second actuator position to rotational movement of the pivot arm between the retracted position and the extended position. 16. The system of claim 15, further comprising a mounting bracket to which the support frame is configured to attach, wherein the mounting bracket is configured to attach to an exterior wall of the passenger loading bridge so as to place the pivot arm in a position proximate the aircraft when the passenger loading bridge is at a boarding door of an aircraft. 17. The system of claim 15, further comprising an actuator limit switch and an actuator limit switch operating arm coupled to the actuator pivot, wherein the actuator limit switch is configured to monitor movement of the actuator pivot. 18. A method comprising:
rotating a pivot arm from a retracted position to an extended position to make physical contact between an electrical grounding element on a distal end of the pivot arm and an exterior surface of an aircraft to be grounded; monitoring a state of a limit switch mounted on the pivot arm and configured to trip in response to a predetermined amount force against the distal end of the pivot arm resulting from physical contact being made between the electrical grounding element and the exterior surface of the aircraft; and based on the state of the limit switch, generating a visual and/or audible indication whether the electrical grounding element is in physical contact with the exterior surface of the aircraft. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein generating includes generating the visual and/or audible indication on an operator control console of a passenger loading bridge. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein activating includes selecting a control button or switch on the operator control console of the passenger loading bridge. | 3,700 |
341,051 | 16,801,297 | 3,786 | A position estimation device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is provided for estimating a self-position of a moving object device provided with one or more sensors for observing information related to movement. The position estimation device includes one or more hardware processors configured to: estimate a state amount representing a state of each of the one or more sensors based on an observation value of the corresponding sensor; calculate a confidence degree representing a degree of confidence of the state amount of each of the one or more sensors; select one or more target sensors from among the one or more sensors based on the confidence degree of the state amount of each of the one or more sensors; and estimate the self-position based on the observation value and the state amount of each of the selected one or more target sensors. | 1. A position estimation device provided for estimating a self-position of a moving object device provided with one or more sensors for observing information related to movement, the position estimation device comprising:
one or more hardware processors configured to:
estimate a state amount representing a state of each of the one or more sensors based on an observation value of the corresponding sensor;
calculate a confidence degree representing a degree of confidence of the state amount of each of the one or more sensors;
select one or more target sensors from among the one or more sensors based on the confidence degree of the state amount of each of the one or more sensors; and
estimate the self-position based on the observation value and the state amount of each of the selected one or more target sensors. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein
the moving object device is further provided with an image capturing device capturing an image of vicinity of the moving object device, and, when the one or more sensors include one or more target sensors whose confidence degrees are equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold, the one or more hardware processors
select, as the one or more target sensors from among the one or more sensors, one or more sensors whose confidence degrees of the state amounts are equal to or higher than the threshold, and
estimate the self-position at a target time based on
a captured image captured by the image capturing device at the target time,
the captured image at a past time before the target time,
the self-position at the past time, and
the observation value and the state amount of each of the selected one or more target sensors. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein, when the one or more sensors include none of the one or more sensors whose confidence degrees are equal to or higher than the threshold, the one or more hardware processors estimate the self-position at the target time based on the captured image at the target time, the captured image at the past time, and the self-position at the past time. 4. The device according to claim 2, wherein
the one or more hardware processors estimate, for each of the one or more sensors, the state amount with which a residual error is minimized, the residual error being obtained when the self-position at each of one or more the past times is substituted into a predetermined relational expression, and the relational expression is an equation for calculating the self-position at the target time based on the self-position at the past time, the observation value of a corresponding sensor, the state amount of the corresponding sensor, and a time difference between the past time and the target time. 5. The device according to claim 4, wherein the one or more hardware processors
estimate the state amount by a non-linear least-square method, acquire a covariance matrix of a plurality of different components of the estimated state amount, and calculate, as the confidence degree, reciprocal of a sum of diagonal components of the acquired covariance matrix. 6. The device according to claim 4, wherein
the moving object device further includes a second sensor for observing an observation value corresponding to the state amount, and the one or more hardware processors calculate the confidence degree by comparing the observation value of the second sensor with the estimated state amount. 7. The device according to claim 3, wherein
the self-position includes a translation component and a rotation component, the one or more sensors include an angular velocity sensor and an acceleration sensor, the angular velocity sensor measures the angular velocity of the moving object device at the target time, and the acceleration sensor measures the acceleration of the moving object device at the target time. 8. The device according to claim 7, wherein the one or more hardware processors
estimate, as the state amount of the angular velocity sensor, an angular velocity bias of the moving object device, and estimate, as the state amount of the acceleration sensor, the speed and gravitational acceleration of the moving object device and an acceleration bias of the moving object device. 9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the one or more hardware processors
estimate the self-position at the target time based on
a first scheme in which the self-position at the target time is estimated based on the captured image at the target time, the captured image at the past time, and the self-position at the past time,
a second scheme in which the self-position at the target time is estimated based on the captured image at the target time, the measured angular velocity, the estimated angular velocity bias, the captured image at the past time, and the self-position at the past time, or
a third scheme in which the self-position at the target time is estimated based on the captured image at the target time, the measured angular velocity, the estimated angular velocity bias, the measured acceleration, the estimated speed, the estimated gravitational acceleration, the estimated acceleration bias, the captured image at the past time, and the self-position at the past time,
select the first scheme when the confidence degree of the angular velocity bias is not equal to or higher than the threshold, select the second scheme when the confidence degree of the angular velocity bias is equal to or higher than the threshold and the confidence degree of the acceleration bias is not equal to or higher than the threshold, and select the third scheme when the confidence degree of the angular velocity bias and the confidence degree of the acceleration bias are both equal to or higher than the threshold. 10. The device according to claim 9, wherein, when the first scheme is selected, the one or more hardware processors
estimate the self-position at the target time based on the self-position at the past time, associate each of one or more feature points included in the captured image at the target time with a corresponding feature point included in the captured image at the past time based on the estimated self-position at the target time, and adjust the estimated self-position at the target time to minimize a reprojection error, the reprojection error representing an evaluation value of an error between a pixel position of each of the one or more feature points included in the captured image at the target time and a pixel position at which the corresponding feature point included in the captured image at the past time is reprojected onto the captured image at the target time based on the estimated self-position at the target time. 11. The device according to claim 10, wherein, when the second scheme is selected, the one or more hardware processors
estimate a translation component of the self-position at the target time based on a translation component of the self-position at the past time, estimate a rotation component of the self-position at the target time based on a rotation component of the self-position at the past time, the measured angular velocity, and the estimated angular velocity bias, associate each of one or more feature points included in the captured image at the target time with the corresponding feature point included in the captured image at the past time based on the estimated self-position at the target time, and adjust the estimated self-position at the target time to minimize a sum of the reprojection error and a first residual error in a rotation-component motion equation, the first residual error in the rotation-component motion equation representing an evaluation value of a residual error obtained when a rotation component of the self-position at the past time, the measured angular velocity, and the estimated angular velocity bias are substituted into the rotation-component motion equation. 12. The device according to claim 11, wherein, when the third scheme is selected, the one or more hardware processors
estimate the translation component of the self-position at the target time based on the translation component of the self-position at the past time, the measured acceleration, the estimated speed, the estimated gravitational acceleration, and the estimated acceleration bias, estimate the rotation component of the self-position at the target time based on the rotation component of the self-position at the past time, the measured angular velocity, and the estimated angular velocity bias, associate each of one or more feature points included in the captured image at the target time with the corresponding feature point included in the captured image at the past time based on the estimated self-position at the target time, and adjust the estimated self-position at the target time to minimize a sum of the reprojection error, the first residual error in the rotation-component motion equation, and a second residual error in a translation-component motion equation, the second residual error in the translation-component motion equation representing an evaluation value of a residual error obtained when the translation component of the self-position at the past time, the measured acceleration, the estimated speed, the estimated gravitational acceleration, and the estimated acceleration bias are substituted into the translation-component motion equation. 13. The device according to claim 12, wherein
the one or more hardware processors estimate the angular velocity bias with which the first residual error is minimized, the first residual error being obtained when the rotation component of the self-position at the past time is substituted into the rotation-component motion equation, and the rotation-component motion equation is expressed by Expression (1) below:
R(t+Δt)=R(t)×Exp((ω(t)−b g)Δt) (1)
where
R(t+Δt) represents the rotation component of the self-position at the target time,
R(t) represents the rotation component of the self-position at the past time,
ω(t) represents the measured angular velocity,
bg represents the angular velocity bias, and
Δt represents a time difference between the past time and the target time. 14. The device according to claim 13, wherein the one or more hardware processors
estimate the angular velocity bias by a non-linear least-square method by substituting the rotation component of the self-position at each of a plurality of the past times into the rotation-component motion equation, acquire a covariance matrix of an X-directional component, a Y-directional component, and a Z-directional component of the angular velocity bias, which are orthogonal to each other, and calculate, as the confidence degree of the angular velocity bias, reciprocal of a sum of diagonal components of the acquired covariance matrix. 15. The device according to claim 13, wherein
the one or more hardware processors estimate the speed, the gravitational acceleration, and the acceleration bias with which the second residual error is minimized, the second residual error being obtained when the translation component of the self-position at the past time is substituted into the translation-component motion equation, and the translation-component motion equation is expressed by Expressions (2) and (3) below:
p(t+Δt)=p(t)+v(t)×Δt+(½)×g×Δt 2+(½)×R(t)×(a(t)−b a)×Δt 2 (2)
v(t+Δt)=v(t)+g×Δt+R(t)×(a(t)−b a)×Δt (3)
where
(t+Δt) represents the translation component of the self-position at the target time,
p(t) represents the translation component of the self-position at the past time,
v(t) represents the speed,
Δt represents the time difference between the past time and the target time,
g represents the gravitational acceleration,
a(t) represents the measured acceleration,
ba represents the acceleration bias, and
(t+Δt) represents the speed at the target time. 16. The device according to claim 15, wherein the one or more hardware processors
estimate the acceleration bias by a non-linear least-square method by substituting the translation component of the self-position at each of a plurality of the past times into the translation-component motion equation, acquire a covariance matrix of an X-directional component, a Y-directional component, and a Z-directional component of the acceleration bias, which are orthogonal to each other, and calculate, as the confidence degree of the acceleration bias, reciprocal of a sum of diagonal components of the acquired covariance matrix. 17. The device according to claim 2, the one or more hardware processors
specify a motion kind of the moving object device based on a trajectory of the estimated self-position, determine whether a combination of the selected one or more target sensors corresponds to the specified motion kind, and determine that an anomaly has occurred when the combination does not correspond to the specified motion kind. 18. A moving-object control system comprising:
a position estimation device configured to estimate a self-position of a moving object device provided with one or more sensors for observing information related to movement; and a moving-object control device configured to control movement of the moving object device based on the estimated self-position, wherein the position estimation device
estimate a state amount representing a state of each of the one or more sensors based on an observation value of the corresponding sensor,
calculate a confidence degree representing a degree of confidence of the state amount of each of the one or more sensors,
select one or more target sensors from among the one or more sensors based on the confidence degree of the state amount of each of the one or more sensors, and
estimate the self-position based on the observation value and the state amount of each of the selected one or more target sensors. 19. A position estimation method implemented by a computer to estimate a self-position of a moving object device provided with one or more sensors for observing information related to movement, the method comprising:
estimating a state amount representing a state of each of the one or more sensors based on an observation value of the corresponding sensor; calculating a confidence degree representing a degree of confidence of the state amount of each of the one or more sensors; selecting one or more target sensors from among the one or more sensors based on the confidence degree of the state amount of each of the one or more sensors; and estimating the self-position based on the observation value and the state amount of each of the selected one or more target sensors. 20. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium on which an executable program is recorded, the program being executed by a computer to estimate a self-position of a moving object device provided with one or more sensors for observing information related to movement, the program instructing the computer to:
estimate a state amount representing a state of each of the one or more sensors based on an observation value of the corresponding sensor; calculate a confidence degree representing a degree of confidence of the state amount of each of the one or more sensors; select one or more target sensors from among the one or more sensors based on the confidence degree of the state amount of each of the one or more sensors; and estimate the self-position based on the observation value and the state amount of each of the selected one or more target sensors. | A position estimation device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is provided for estimating a self-position of a moving object device provided with one or more sensors for observing information related to movement. The position estimation device includes one or more hardware processors configured to: estimate a state amount representing a state of each of the one or more sensors based on an observation value of the corresponding sensor; calculate a confidence degree representing a degree of confidence of the state amount of each of the one or more sensors; select one or more target sensors from among the one or more sensors based on the confidence degree of the state amount of each of the one or more sensors; and estimate the self-position based on the observation value and the state amount of each of the selected one or more target sensors.1. A position estimation device provided for estimating a self-position of a moving object device provided with one or more sensors for observing information related to movement, the position estimation device comprising:
one or more hardware processors configured to:
estimate a state amount representing a state of each of the one or more sensors based on an observation value of the corresponding sensor;
calculate a confidence degree representing a degree of confidence of the state amount of each of the one or more sensors;
select one or more target sensors from among the one or more sensors based on the confidence degree of the state amount of each of the one or more sensors; and
estimate the self-position based on the observation value and the state amount of each of the selected one or more target sensors. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein
the moving object device is further provided with an image capturing device capturing an image of vicinity of the moving object device, and, when the one or more sensors include one or more target sensors whose confidence degrees are equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold, the one or more hardware processors
select, as the one or more target sensors from among the one or more sensors, one or more sensors whose confidence degrees of the state amounts are equal to or higher than the threshold, and
estimate the self-position at a target time based on
a captured image captured by the image capturing device at the target time,
the captured image at a past time before the target time,
the self-position at the past time, and
the observation value and the state amount of each of the selected one or more target sensors. 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein, when the one or more sensors include none of the one or more sensors whose confidence degrees are equal to or higher than the threshold, the one or more hardware processors estimate the self-position at the target time based on the captured image at the target time, the captured image at the past time, and the self-position at the past time. 4. The device according to claim 2, wherein
the one or more hardware processors estimate, for each of the one or more sensors, the state amount with which a residual error is minimized, the residual error being obtained when the self-position at each of one or more the past times is substituted into a predetermined relational expression, and the relational expression is an equation for calculating the self-position at the target time based on the self-position at the past time, the observation value of a corresponding sensor, the state amount of the corresponding sensor, and a time difference between the past time and the target time. 5. The device according to claim 4, wherein the one or more hardware processors
estimate the state amount by a non-linear least-square method, acquire a covariance matrix of a plurality of different components of the estimated state amount, and calculate, as the confidence degree, reciprocal of a sum of diagonal components of the acquired covariance matrix. 6. The device according to claim 4, wherein
the moving object device further includes a second sensor for observing an observation value corresponding to the state amount, and the one or more hardware processors calculate the confidence degree by comparing the observation value of the second sensor with the estimated state amount. 7. The device according to claim 3, wherein
the self-position includes a translation component and a rotation component, the one or more sensors include an angular velocity sensor and an acceleration sensor, the angular velocity sensor measures the angular velocity of the moving object device at the target time, and the acceleration sensor measures the acceleration of the moving object device at the target time. 8. The device according to claim 7, wherein the one or more hardware processors
estimate, as the state amount of the angular velocity sensor, an angular velocity bias of the moving object device, and estimate, as the state amount of the acceleration sensor, the speed and gravitational acceleration of the moving object device and an acceleration bias of the moving object device. 9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the one or more hardware processors
estimate the self-position at the target time based on
a first scheme in which the self-position at the target time is estimated based on the captured image at the target time, the captured image at the past time, and the self-position at the past time,
a second scheme in which the self-position at the target time is estimated based on the captured image at the target time, the measured angular velocity, the estimated angular velocity bias, the captured image at the past time, and the self-position at the past time, or
a third scheme in which the self-position at the target time is estimated based on the captured image at the target time, the measured angular velocity, the estimated angular velocity bias, the measured acceleration, the estimated speed, the estimated gravitational acceleration, the estimated acceleration bias, the captured image at the past time, and the self-position at the past time,
select the first scheme when the confidence degree of the angular velocity bias is not equal to or higher than the threshold, select the second scheme when the confidence degree of the angular velocity bias is equal to or higher than the threshold and the confidence degree of the acceleration bias is not equal to or higher than the threshold, and select the third scheme when the confidence degree of the angular velocity bias and the confidence degree of the acceleration bias are both equal to or higher than the threshold. 10. The device according to claim 9, wherein, when the first scheme is selected, the one or more hardware processors
estimate the self-position at the target time based on the self-position at the past time, associate each of one or more feature points included in the captured image at the target time with a corresponding feature point included in the captured image at the past time based on the estimated self-position at the target time, and adjust the estimated self-position at the target time to minimize a reprojection error, the reprojection error representing an evaluation value of an error between a pixel position of each of the one or more feature points included in the captured image at the target time and a pixel position at which the corresponding feature point included in the captured image at the past time is reprojected onto the captured image at the target time based on the estimated self-position at the target time. 11. The device according to claim 10, wherein, when the second scheme is selected, the one or more hardware processors
estimate a translation component of the self-position at the target time based on a translation component of the self-position at the past time, estimate a rotation component of the self-position at the target time based on a rotation component of the self-position at the past time, the measured angular velocity, and the estimated angular velocity bias, associate each of one or more feature points included in the captured image at the target time with the corresponding feature point included in the captured image at the past time based on the estimated self-position at the target time, and adjust the estimated self-position at the target time to minimize a sum of the reprojection error and a first residual error in a rotation-component motion equation, the first residual error in the rotation-component motion equation representing an evaluation value of a residual error obtained when a rotation component of the self-position at the past time, the measured angular velocity, and the estimated angular velocity bias are substituted into the rotation-component motion equation. 12. The device according to claim 11, wherein, when the third scheme is selected, the one or more hardware processors
estimate the translation component of the self-position at the target time based on the translation component of the self-position at the past time, the measured acceleration, the estimated speed, the estimated gravitational acceleration, and the estimated acceleration bias, estimate the rotation component of the self-position at the target time based on the rotation component of the self-position at the past time, the measured angular velocity, and the estimated angular velocity bias, associate each of one or more feature points included in the captured image at the target time with the corresponding feature point included in the captured image at the past time based on the estimated self-position at the target time, and adjust the estimated self-position at the target time to minimize a sum of the reprojection error, the first residual error in the rotation-component motion equation, and a second residual error in a translation-component motion equation, the second residual error in the translation-component motion equation representing an evaluation value of a residual error obtained when the translation component of the self-position at the past time, the measured acceleration, the estimated speed, the estimated gravitational acceleration, and the estimated acceleration bias are substituted into the translation-component motion equation. 13. The device according to claim 12, wherein
the one or more hardware processors estimate the angular velocity bias with which the first residual error is minimized, the first residual error being obtained when the rotation component of the self-position at the past time is substituted into the rotation-component motion equation, and the rotation-component motion equation is expressed by Expression (1) below:
R(t+Δt)=R(t)×Exp((ω(t)−b g)Δt) (1)
where
R(t+Δt) represents the rotation component of the self-position at the target time,
R(t) represents the rotation component of the self-position at the past time,
ω(t) represents the measured angular velocity,
bg represents the angular velocity bias, and
Δt represents a time difference between the past time and the target time. 14. The device according to claim 13, wherein the one or more hardware processors
estimate the angular velocity bias by a non-linear least-square method by substituting the rotation component of the self-position at each of a plurality of the past times into the rotation-component motion equation, acquire a covariance matrix of an X-directional component, a Y-directional component, and a Z-directional component of the angular velocity bias, which are orthogonal to each other, and calculate, as the confidence degree of the angular velocity bias, reciprocal of a sum of diagonal components of the acquired covariance matrix. 15. The device according to claim 13, wherein
the one or more hardware processors estimate the speed, the gravitational acceleration, and the acceleration bias with which the second residual error is minimized, the second residual error being obtained when the translation component of the self-position at the past time is substituted into the translation-component motion equation, and the translation-component motion equation is expressed by Expressions (2) and (3) below:
p(t+Δt)=p(t)+v(t)×Δt+(½)×g×Δt 2+(½)×R(t)×(a(t)−b a)×Δt 2 (2)
v(t+Δt)=v(t)+g×Δt+R(t)×(a(t)−b a)×Δt (3)
where
(t+Δt) represents the translation component of the self-position at the target time,
p(t) represents the translation component of the self-position at the past time,
v(t) represents the speed,
Δt represents the time difference between the past time and the target time,
g represents the gravitational acceleration,
a(t) represents the measured acceleration,
ba represents the acceleration bias, and
(t+Δt) represents the speed at the target time. 16. The device according to claim 15, wherein the one or more hardware processors
estimate the acceleration bias by a non-linear least-square method by substituting the translation component of the self-position at each of a plurality of the past times into the translation-component motion equation, acquire a covariance matrix of an X-directional component, a Y-directional component, and a Z-directional component of the acceleration bias, which are orthogonal to each other, and calculate, as the confidence degree of the acceleration bias, reciprocal of a sum of diagonal components of the acquired covariance matrix. 17. The device according to claim 2, the one or more hardware processors
specify a motion kind of the moving object device based on a trajectory of the estimated self-position, determine whether a combination of the selected one or more target sensors corresponds to the specified motion kind, and determine that an anomaly has occurred when the combination does not correspond to the specified motion kind. 18. A moving-object control system comprising:
a position estimation device configured to estimate a self-position of a moving object device provided with one or more sensors for observing information related to movement; and a moving-object control device configured to control movement of the moving object device based on the estimated self-position, wherein the position estimation device
estimate a state amount representing a state of each of the one or more sensors based on an observation value of the corresponding sensor,
calculate a confidence degree representing a degree of confidence of the state amount of each of the one or more sensors,
select one or more target sensors from among the one or more sensors based on the confidence degree of the state amount of each of the one or more sensors, and
estimate the self-position based on the observation value and the state amount of each of the selected one or more target sensors. 19. A position estimation method implemented by a computer to estimate a self-position of a moving object device provided with one or more sensors for observing information related to movement, the method comprising:
estimating a state amount representing a state of each of the one or more sensors based on an observation value of the corresponding sensor; calculating a confidence degree representing a degree of confidence of the state amount of each of the one or more sensors; selecting one or more target sensors from among the one or more sensors based on the confidence degree of the state amount of each of the one or more sensors; and estimating the self-position based on the observation value and the state amount of each of the selected one or more target sensors. 20. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium on which an executable program is recorded, the program being executed by a computer to estimate a self-position of a moving object device provided with one or more sensors for observing information related to movement, the program instructing the computer to:
estimate a state amount representing a state of each of the one or more sensors based on an observation value of the corresponding sensor; calculate a confidence degree representing a degree of confidence of the state amount of each of the one or more sensors; select one or more target sensors from among the one or more sensors based on the confidence degree of the state amount of each of the one or more sensors; and estimate the self-position based on the observation value and the state amount of each of the selected one or more target sensors. | 3,700 |
341,052 | 16,801,321 | 3,786 | A light source device includes: a first light emitting element that emits first wavelength band light; a fluorescence wheel including a fluorescence emission region with which fluorescence excited by the first wavelength band light is emitted as second wavelength band light; a second light emitting element that emits third wavelength band light; a combining unit that combines the first wavelength band light, the second wavelength band light, and the third wavelength band light; a color wheel; and a CPU that controls the first light emitting element, the second light emitting element, the fluorescence wheel, and the color wheel, wherein the CPU performs synchronization control on the fluorescence wheel and the color wheel, and performs control to shift a synchronization position of the color wheel with respect to the fluorescence wheel in accordance with an output mode. | 1. A light source device comprising:
a first light emitting element that emits first wavelength band light; a fluorescence wheel including a fluorescence emission region with which fluorescence excited by the first wavelength band light is emitted as second wavelength band light; a second light emitting element that emits third wavelength band light that is on a longer wavelength side than the second wavelength band light; a combining unit that combines the first wavelength band light, the second wavelength band light, and the third wavelength band light; a color wheel including a region with which the third wavelength band light and a part of the second wavelength band light on the long wavelength side are selected as fourth wavelength band light and a region that transmits visible light, the third wavelength band light and the part of the second wavelength band light being combined by the combining unit; and a CPU that controls the first light emitting element, the second light emitting element, the fluorescence wheel, and the color wheel to implement time-division emission of the first wavelength band light and the fourth wavelength band light, wherein the CPU performs synchronization control on the fluorescence wheel and the color wheel, and performs control to shift a synchronization position of the color wheel with respect to the fluorescence wheel in accordance with an output mode. 2. The light source device according to claim 1, wherein
the region that transmits the visible light is a second transmission region, and the region that selectively transmits the fourth wavelength band light is a third transmission region that also transmits the first wavelength band light. 3. The light source device according to claim 2, wherein
the CPU performs time-division control on a first output period in which the second transmission region of the color wheel is irradiated with the second wavelength band light, a second output period in which the second transmission region or the third transmission region of the color wheel is irradiated with the first wavelength band light, a third output period in which the third transmission region of the color wheel is irradiated with the second wavelength band light and the third wavelength band light, and a fourth output period in which the second transmission region or the third transmission region of the color wheel is irradiated with the second wavelength band light and the third wavelength band light. 4. The light source device according to claim 3, wherein
the second output period is equal to or longer than the fourth output period. 5. The light source device according to claim 3, wherein
the second output period is substantially as long as the fourth output period. 6. The light source device according to claim 2, wherein
the combining unit includes a first dichroic mirror that reflects a part of the second wavelength band light excluding light on a first long wavelength side and transmits the third wavelength band light, or transmits the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side and reflects the third wavelength band light to guide the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side and the third wavelength band light toward the color wheel. 7. The light source device according to claim 3, wherein
the combining unit includes a first dichroic mirror that reflects a part of the second wavelength band light excluding light on a first long wavelength side and transmits the third wavelength band light, or transmits the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side and reflects the third wavelength band light to guide the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side and the third wavelength band light toward the color wheel. 8. The light source device according to claim 4, wherein
the combining unit includes a first dichroic mirror that reflects a part of the second wavelength band light excluding light on a first long wavelength side and transmits the third wavelength band light, or transmits the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side and reflects the third wavelength band light to guide the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side and the third wavelength band light toward the color wheel. 9. The light source device according to claim 5, wherein
the combining unit includes a first dichroic mirror that reflects a part of the second wavelength band light excluding light on a first long wavelength side and transmits the third wavelength band light, or transmits the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side and reflects the third wavelength band light to guide the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side and the third wavelength band light toward the color wheel. 10. The light source device according to claim 6, wherein
the third transmission region of the color wheel transmits the third wavelength band light and a part of the second wavelength band light on a second long wavelength side on a shorter wavelength side than the first long wavelength side, among the third wavelength band light and the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side combined by the first dichroic mirror. 11. The light source device according to claim 7, wherein
the third transmission region of the color wheel transmits the third wavelength band light and a part of the second wavelength band light on a second long wavelength side on a shorter wavelength side than the first long wavelength side, among the third wavelength band light and the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side combined by the first dichroic mirror. 12. The light source device according to claim 8, wherein
the third transmission region of the color wheel transmits the third wavelength band light and a part of the second wavelength band light on a second long wavelength side on a shorter wavelength side than the first long wavelength side, among the third wavelength band light and the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side combined by the first dichroic mirror. 13. The light source device according to claim 9, wherein
the third transmission region of the color wheel transmits the third wavelength band light and a part of the second wavelength band light on a second long wavelength side on a shorter wavelength side than the first long wavelength side, among the third wavelength band light and the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side combined by the first dichroic mirror. 14. The light source device according to claim 1, wherein
the CPU switches between a plurality of the output modes different from each other in light source light emitted, by shifting a relative phase of the color wheel with respect to the fluorescence wheel one step at a time, that is, one of a plurality of divided movement angles at a time until a target movement angle is reached. 15. The light source device according to claim 14, wherein
the CPU shifts the phase of the color wheel to the target movement angle while confirming completion of shifting for each of the plurality of divided movement angles. 16. The light source device according to claim 1, wherein
the first light emitting element is a blue laser diode, the second light emitting element is a red light emitting diode, the first wavelength band light is blue wavelength band light, the second wavelength band light is green wavelength band light, and the third wavelength band light is red wavelength band light. 17. The light source device according to claim 1, wherein
yellow wavelength band light is obtained as a result of combining the second wavelength band light and the third wavelength band light. 18. A projection device comprising:
the light source device according to claim 1; a display element that generates image light; and a projection optical system that projects the image light, emitted from the display element, onto a screen, wherein the CPU controls the light source device and the display element. 19. A light source control method for a light source device including
a first light emitting element that emits first wavelength band light, a fluorescence wheel including a fluorescence emission region with which fluorescence excited by the first wavelength band light is emitted as second wavelength band light, a second light emitting element that emits third wavelength band light that is on a longer wavelength side than the second wavelength band light, a combining unit that combines the first wavelength band light, the second wavelength band light, and the third wavelength band light, a color wheel including a region with which the third wavelength band light and a part of the second wavelength band light on the long wavelength side are selected as fourth wavelength band light and a region that transmits visible light, the third wavelength band light and the part of the second wavelength band light being combined by the combining unit, and a CPU, the method comprising the step of: by the CPU, controlling the first light emitting element, the second light emitting element, the fluorescence wheel, and the color wheel to implement time-division emission of the first wavelength band light and the fourth wavelength band light, performing synchronization control on the fluorescence wheel and the color wheel, and performing control to shift a synchronization position of the color wheel with respect to the fluorescence wheel in accordance with an output mode. 20. The light source control method according to claim 19, further comprising the step of:
by the CPU, switching between a plurality of the output modes different from each other in light source light emitted, by shifting a relative phase of the color wheel with respect to the fluorescence wheel one step at a time, that is, one of a plurality of divided movement angles at a time until a target movement angle is reached. | A light source device includes: a first light emitting element that emits first wavelength band light; a fluorescence wheel including a fluorescence emission region with which fluorescence excited by the first wavelength band light is emitted as second wavelength band light; a second light emitting element that emits third wavelength band light; a combining unit that combines the first wavelength band light, the second wavelength band light, and the third wavelength band light; a color wheel; and a CPU that controls the first light emitting element, the second light emitting element, the fluorescence wheel, and the color wheel, wherein the CPU performs synchronization control on the fluorescence wheel and the color wheel, and performs control to shift a synchronization position of the color wheel with respect to the fluorescence wheel in accordance with an output mode.1. A light source device comprising:
a first light emitting element that emits first wavelength band light; a fluorescence wheel including a fluorescence emission region with which fluorescence excited by the first wavelength band light is emitted as second wavelength band light; a second light emitting element that emits third wavelength band light that is on a longer wavelength side than the second wavelength band light; a combining unit that combines the first wavelength band light, the second wavelength band light, and the third wavelength band light; a color wheel including a region with which the third wavelength band light and a part of the second wavelength band light on the long wavelength side are selected as fourth wavelength band light and a region that transmits visible light, the third wavelength band light and the part of the second wavelength band light being combined by the combining unit; and a CPU that controls the first light emitting element, the second light emitting element, the fluorescence wheel, and the color wheel to implement time-division emission of the first wavelength band light and the fourth wavelength band light, wherein the CPU performs synchronization control on the fluorescence wheel and the color wheel, and performs control to shift a synchronization position of the color wheel with respect to the fluorescence wheel in accordance with an output mode. 2. The light source device according to claim 1, wherein
the region that transmits the visible light is a second transmission region, and the region that selectively transmits the fourth wavelength band light is a third transmission region that also transmits the first wavelength band light. 3. The light source device according to claim 2, wherein
the CPU performs time-division control on a first output period in which the second transmission region of the color wheel is irradiated with the second wavelength band light, a second output period in which the second transmission region or the third transmission region of the color wheel is irradiated with the first wavelength band light, a third output period in which the third transmission region of the color wheel is irradiated with the second wavelength band light and the third wavelength band light, and a fourth output period in which the second transmission region or the third transmission region of the color wheel is irradiated with the second wavelength band light and the third wavelength band light. 4. The light source device according to claim 3, wherein
the second output period is equal to or longer than the fourth output period. 5. The light source device according to claim 3, wherein
the second output period is substantially as long as the fourth output period. 6. The light source device according to claim 2, wherein
the combining unit includes a first dichroic mirror that reflects a part of the second wavelength band light excluding light on a first long wavelength side and transmits the third wavelength band light, or transmits the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side and reflects the third wavelength band light to guide the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side and the third wavelength band light toward the color wheel. 7. The light source device according to claim 3, wherein
the combining unit includes a first dichroic mirror that reflects a part of the second wavelength band light excluding light on a first long wavelength side and transmits the third wavelength band light, or transmits the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side and reflects the third wavelength band light to guide the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side and the third wavelength band light toward the color wheel. 8. The light source device according to claim 4, wherein
the combining unit includes a first dichroic mirror that reflects a part of the second wavelength band light excluding light on a first long wavelength side and transmits the third wavelength band light, or transmits the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side and reflects the third wavelength band light to guide the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side and the third wavelength band light toward the color wheel. 9. The light source device according to claim 5, wherein
the combining unit includes a first dichroic mirror that reflects a part of the second wavelength band light excluding light on a first long wavelength side and transmits the third wavelength band light, or transmits the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side and reflects the third wavelength band light to guide the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side and the third wavelength band light toward the color wheel. 10. The light source device according to claim 6, wherein
the third transmission region of the color wheel transmits the third wavelength band light and a part of the second wavelength band light on a second long wavelength side on a shorter wavelength side than the first long wavelength side, among the third wavelength band light and the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side combined by the first dichroic mirror. 11. The light source device according to claim 7, wherein
the third transmission region of the color wheel transmits the third wavelength band light and a part of the second wavelength band light on a second long wavelength side on a shorter wavelength side than the first long wavelength side, among the third wavelength band light and the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side combined by the first dichroic mirror. 12. The light source device according to claim 8, wherein
the third transmission region of the color wheel transmits the third wavelength band light and a part of the second wavelength band light on a second long wavelength side on a shorter wavelength side than the first long wavelength side, among the third wavelength band light and the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side combined by the first dichroic mirror. 13. The light source device according to claim 9, wherein
the third transmission region of the color wheel transmits the third wavelength band light and a part of the second wavelength band light on a second long wavelength side on a shorter wavelength side than the first long wavelength side, among the third wavelength band light and the part of the second wavelength band light excluding the light on the first long wavelength side combined by the first dichroic mirror. 14. The light source device according to claim 1, wherein
the CPU switches between a plurality of the output modes different from each other in light source light emitted, by shifting a relative phase of the color wheel with respect to the fluorescence wheel one step at a time, that is, one of a plurality of divided movement angles at a time until a target movement angle is reached. 15. The light source device according to claim 14, wherein
the CPU shifts the phase of the color wheel to the target movement angle while confirming completion of shifting for each of the plurality of divided movement angles. 16. The light source device according to claim 1, wherein
the first light emitting element is a blue laser diode, the second light emitting element is a red light emitting diode, the first wavelength band light is blue wavelength band light, the second wavelength band light is green wavelength band light, and the third wavelength band light is red wavelength band light. 17. The light source device according to claim 1, wherein
yellow wavelength band light is obtained as a result of combining the second wavelength band light and the third wavelength band light. 18. A projection device comprising:
the light source device according to claim 1; a display element that generates image light; and a projection optical system that projects the image light, emitted from the display element, onto a screen, wherein the CPU controls the light source device and the display element. 19. A light source control method for a light source device including
a first light emitting element that emits first wavelength band light, a fluorescence wheel including a fluorescence emission region with which fluorescence excited by the first wavelength band light is emitted as second wavelength band light, a second light emitting element that emits third wavelength band light that is on a longer wavelength side than the second wavelength band light, a combining unit that combines the first wavelength band light, the second wavelength band light, and the third wavelength band light, a color wheel including a region with which the third wavelength band light and a part of the second wavelength band light on the long wavelength side are selected as fourth wavelength band light and a region that transmits visible light, the third wavelength band light and the part of the second wavelength band light being combined by the combining unit, and a CPU, the method comprising the step of: by the CPU, controlling the first light emitting element, the second light emitting element, the fluorescence wheel, and the color wheel to implement time-division emission of the first wavelength band light and the fourth wavelength band light, performing synchronization control on the fluorescence wheel and the color wheel, and performing control to shift a synchronization position of the color wheel with respect to the fluorescence wheel in accordance with an output mode. 20. The light source control method according to claim 19, further comprising the step of:
by the CPU, switching between a plurality of the output modes different from each other in light source light emitted, by shifting a relative phase of the color wheel with respect to the fluorescence wheel one step at a time, that is, one of a plurality of divided movement angles at a time until a target movement angle is reached. | 3,700 |
341,053 | 16,801,320 | 3,786 | A semiconductor storage device includes a memory array at which writing and reading of plural data are carried out, one pair of write registers that temporarily store write data that is to be written into the memory array, and one pair of read registers that temporarily store read data that is read-out from the memory array. | 1. A semiconductor storage device comprising:
a memory array at which writing and reading of a plurality of data are carried out; one pair of write registers that temporarily store write data that is to be written into the memory array; and one pair of read registers that temporarily store read data that is read-out from the memory array. 2. The semiconductor storage device of claim 1, further comprising:
a write control circuit that causes received write data to be alternately stored in the one pair of write registers per low address of the memory array; and a read control circuit that causes read data, which are read-out from the memory array with respect to input read addresses, to be alternately stored in the one pair of read registers per low address of the memory array. 3. The semiconductor storage device of claim 2, wherein the read control circuit selects and outputs read data corresponding to a read address, from the read register that stores read data that has been read-out from the memory array. 4. The semiconductor storage device of claim 1, further comprising:
a timing control circuit that controls such that timing of writing processing and timing of reading processing with respect to the memory array do not overlap. 5. The semiconductor storage device of claim 1, comprising:
a plurality of the memory arrays; a plurality of the one pair of write registers; and a plurality of the one pair of read registers. | A semiconductor storage device includes a memory array at which writing and reading of plural data are carried out, one pair of write registers that temporarily store write data that is to be written into the memory array, and one pair of read registers that temporarily store read data that is read-out from the memory array.1. A semiconductor storage device comprising:
a memory array at which writing and reading of a plurality of data are carried out; one pair of write registers that temporarily store write data that is to be written into the memory array; and one pair of read registers that temporarily store read data that is read-out from the memory array. 2. The semiconductor storage device of claim 1, further comprising:
a write control circuit that causes received write data to be alternately stored in the one pair of write registers per low address of the memory array; and a read control circuit that causes read data, which are read-out from the memory array with respect to input read addresses, to be alternately stored in the one pair of read registers per low address of the memory array. 3. The semiconductor storage device of claim 2, wherein the read control circuit selects and outputs read data corresponding to a read address, from the read register that stores read data that has been read-out from the memory array. 4. The semiconductor storage device of claim 1, further comprising:
a timing control circuit that controls such that timing of writing processing and timing of reading processing with respect to the memory array do not overlap. 5. The semiconductor storage device of claim 1, comprising:
a plurality of the memory arrays; a plurality of the one pair of write registers; and a plurality of the one pair of read registers. | 3,700 |
341,054 | 16,801,315 | 3,786 | Systems and methods of storing phase history, and enhancing and restoring phase accuracy for a embedded Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver include storing a phase history of the GNSS receiver output; determining an expected value of phase of the GNSS receiver output based on the phase history; and, responsive to a degradation of the GNSS receiver output, adjusting the GNSS receiver output utilizing the expected value of phase. The systems and method can further include, responsive to degradation being a loss of the GNSS receiver output, utilizing a holdover output from a physical frequency reference and with a phase adjusted based on the expected value of phase, and, responsive to the variation, utilizing the phase history to re-generate the GNSS receiver output for performance enhancement. | 1. A method of storing phase history, and enhancing and restoring phase accuracy in a fixed Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver output, the method comprising:
storing a phase history of the GNSS receiver output; determining an expected value of phase of the GNSS receiver output based on the phase history; and responsive to any of a variation and degradation of the GNSS receiver output, adjusting the GNSS receiver output utilizing the expected value of phase. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein
responsive to the degradation being a loss of the GNSS receiver output, the adjusting includes utilizing a holdover output from a physical frequency reference and with a phase adjusted based on the expected value of phase; and responsive to the variation, the adjusting includes utilizing the phase history to re-generate the GNSS receiver output for performance enhancement. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the physical frequency reference is any of a Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE) interface, a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) interface, a Building Integrated Timing Supply (BITS) clock, and an unbalanced physical interface having a frequency of about 10 Mhz and that is traceable to a Primary Reference Clock (PRC). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein, prior to the storing, the method includes receiving the GNSS receiver output, and the storing includes storing a previous GNSS receiver output. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the storing and the receiving is via a circuit including any of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and a Phase Lock Loop (PLL). 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the phase history includes a time value and one or more of a number of satellites, a position of the satellites, and a time interval. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the expected value of phase is an average value based on a number of satellites. 8. An apparatus connected to a fixed Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver system, the apparatus comprising circuitry configured to:
store a phase history of the GNSS receiver output, determine an expected value of phase of the GNSS receiver output based on the phase history, and adjust the GNSS receiver output utilizing the expected value of phase, responsive to any of a variation and degradation of the GNSS receiver output. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the circuitry is configured to use the phase history to enhance the GNSS receiver output responsive to the variation of GNSS receiver output while still in a lock state. 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the circuitry is configured to provide a holdover output from a physical frequency reference and with a phase adjusted based on the expected value of phase, responsive to the degradation being a loss of the GNSS receiver output. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the physical frequency reference is any of a Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE) interface, a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) interface, a Building Integrated Timing Supply (BITS) clock, and an unbalanced physical interface having a frequency of about 10 Mhz and that is traceable to a Primary Reference Clock (PRC). 12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the circuitry is configured to receive the GNSS receiver output prior to the phase history being stored, and the phase history that is stored includes a previous GNSS receiver output. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the circuitry includes any of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and a Phase Lock Loop (PLL). 14. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the phase history includes a time value and one or more of a number of satellites, a position of the satellites, and a time interval. 15. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the expected value of phase is an average value based on a number of satellites. 16. A fixed Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver system comprising:
a GNSS receiver connected to an antenna and configured to output a pulse at a predetermined frequency; and circuitry configured to
store a phase history of the output of the GNSS receiver,
determine an expected value of phase of the GNSS receiver based on the phase history, and
responsive to any of a variation and degradation of the GNSS receiver output, adjust the output of the GNSS receiver utilizing the expected value of phase. 17. The fixed GNSS receiver system of claim 16, further comprising
a physical frequency reference that is traceable to a Primary Reference Clock (PRC) or higher accuracy frequency clock, wherein the circuitry is configured to
responsive to the variation of the GNSS receiver output, utilize the phase history to re-generate the GNSS receiver output for performance enhancement, and
responsive to the degradation being a loss of the GNSS receiver output, utilize a holdover output from the physical frequency reference and with a phase adjusted based on the expected value of phase. 18. The fixed GNSS receiver system of claim 16, wherein the circuitry is configured to receive the GNSS receiver output, and store a previous GNSS receiver output. 19. The fixed GNSS receiver system of claim 16, wherein the circuitry includes any of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and a Phase Lock Loop (PLL). 20. The fixed GNSS receiver system of claim 16, wherein the phase history includes a time value and one or more of a number of satellites, a position of the satellites, and a time interval. | Systems and methods of storing phase history, and enhancing and restoring phase accuracy for a embedded Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver include storing a phase history of the GNSS receiver output; determining an expected value of phase of the GNSS receiver output based on the phase history; and, responsive to a degradation of the GNSS receiver output, adjusting the GNSS receiver output utilizing the expected value of phase. The systems and method can further include, responsive to degradation being a loss of the GNSS receiver output, utilizing a holdover output from a physical frequency reference and with a phase adjusted based on the expected value of phase, and, responsive to the variation, utilizing the phase history to re-generate the GNSS receiver output for performance enhancement.1. A method of storing phase history, and enhancing and restoring phase accuracy in a fixed Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver output, the method comprising:
storing a phase history of the GNSS receiver output; determining an expected value of phase of the GNSS receiver output based on the phase history; and responsive to any of a variation and degradation of the GNSS receiver output, adjusting the GNSS receiver output utilizing the expected value of phase. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein
responsive to the degradation being a loss of the GNSS receiver output, the adjusting includes utilizing a holdover output from a physical frequency reference and with a phase adjusted based on the expected value of phase; and responsive to the variation, the adjusting includes utilizing the phase history to re-generate the GNSS receiver output for performance enhancement. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the physical frequency reference is any of a Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE) interface, a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) interface, a Building Integrated Timing Supply (BITS) clock, and an unbalanced physical interface having a frequency of about 10 Mhz and that is traceable to a Primary Reference Clock (PRC). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein, prior to the storing, the method includes receiving the GNSS receiver output, and the storing includes storing a previous GNSS receiver output. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the storing and the receiving is via a circuit including any of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and a Phase Lock Loop (PLL). 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the phase history includes a time value and one or more of a number of satellites, a position of the satellites, and a time interval. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the expected value of phase is an average value based on a number of satellites. 8. An apparatus connected to a fixed Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver system, the apparatus comprising circuitry configured to:
store a phase history of the GNSS receiver output, determine an expected value of phase of the GNSS receiver output based on the phase history, and adjust the GNSS receiver output utilizing the expected value of phase, responsive to any of a variation and degradation of the GNSS receiver output. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the circuitry is configured to use the phase history to enhance the GNSS receiver output responsive to the variation of GNSS receiver output while still in a lock state. 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the circuitry is configured to provide a holdover output from a physical frequency reference and with a phase adjusted based on the expected value of phase, responsive to the degradation being a loss of the GNSS receiver output. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the physical frequency reference is any of a Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE) interface, a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) interface, a Building Integrated Timing Supply (BITS) clock, and an unbalanced physical interface having a frequency of about 10 Mhz and that is traceable to a Primary Reference Clock (PRC). 12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the circuitry is configured to receive the GNSS receiver output prior to the phase history being stored, and the phase history that is stored includes a previous GNSS receiver output. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the circuitry includes any of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and a Phase Lock Loop (PLL). 14. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the phase history includes a time value and one or more of a number of satellites, a position of the satellites, and a time interval. 15. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the expected value of phase is an average value based on a number of satellites. 16. A fixed Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver system comprising:
a GNSS receiver connected to an antenna and configured to output a pulse at a predetermined frequency; and circuitry configured to
store a phase history of the output of the GNSS receiver,
determine an expected value of phase of the GNSS receiver based on the phase history, and
responsive to any of a variation and degradation of the GNSS receiver output, adjust the output of the GNSS receiver utilizing the expected value of phase. 17. The fixed GNSS receiver system of claim 16, further comprising
a physical frequency reference that is traceable to a Primary Reference Clock (PRC) or higher accuracy frequency clock, wherein the circuitry is configured to
responsive to the variation of the GNSS receiver output, utilize the phase history to re-generate the GNSS receiver output for performance enhancement, and
responsive to the degradation being a loss of the GNSS receiver output, utilize a holdover output from the physical frequency reference and with a phase adjusted based on the expected value of phase. 18. The fixed GNSS receiver system of claim 16, wherein the circuitry is configured to receive the GNSS receiver output, and store a previous GNSS receiver output. 19. The fixed GNSS receiver system of claim 16, wherein the circuitry includes any of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and a Phase Lock Loop (PLL). 20. The fixed GNSS receiver system of claim 16, wherein the phase history includes a time value and one or more of a number of satellites, a position of the satellites, and a time interval. | 3,700 |
341,055 | 16,801,364 | 3,786 | An acoustic wave device includes a piezoelectric layer and an interdigital transducer disposed on the piezoelectric layer. The interdigital transducer primarily includes Al and includes an additive selected from a group consisting of Nd, Sc, and Ta, and a concentration of the additive in a region opposite to a piezoelectric-layer-side region of the interdigital transducer is higher than a concentration of the additive in the piezoelectric-layer-side region of the interdigital transducer. | 1. An acoustic wave device comprising:
a piezoelectric layer; and an interdigital transducer disposed on the piezoelectric layer; wherein the interdigital transducer primarily includes Al and includes an additive selected from a group consisting of Nd, Sc, and Ta; and a concentration of the additive in a region opposite to a piezoelectric-layer-side region of the interdigital transducer is higher than a concentration of the additive in the piezoelectric-layer-side region of the interdigital transducer. 2. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein a concentration of the additive varies continuously in a thickness direction of the interdigital transducer. 3. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein the additive is Nd. 4. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, further comprising a metal layer stacked on the interdigital transducer and made of a metal different from a metal of the interdigital transducer. 5. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric layer is made of a piezoelectric single crystal of LiNbO3 or LiTaO3. 6. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric layer is a piezoelectric thin film. 7. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, further comprising a close-contact layer between the interdigital transducer and the piezoelectric layer. 8. The acoustic wave device according to claim 7, wherein the close-contact layer is made of Ti, NiCr, or Cr. 9. The acoustic wave device according to claim 7, further comprising a metal layer defining an intermediate layer between the interdigital electrode and the close-contact layer. 10. An acoustic wave device comprising:
a piezoelectric layer; and an interdigital transducer disposed on the piezoelectric layer; wherein the interdigital transducer primarily includes Al and includes an additive selected from a group consisting of Nd, Sc, and Ta; and a concentration of the additive at a position at a distance of about 20% of a thickness of the interdigital transducer from a surface opposite to a piezoelectric-layer-side surface of the interdigital transducer is higher than a concentration of the additive at a position at a distance of about 80% of the thickness of the interdigital transducer from the surface opposite to the piezoelectric-layer-side surface of the interdigital transducer. 11. The acoustic wave device according to claim 10, wherein a concentration of the additive varies continuously in a thickness direction of the interdigital transducer. 12. The acoustic wave device according to claim 10, wherein the additive is Nd. 13. The acoustic wave device according to claim 10, further comprising a metal layer stacked on the interdigital transducer and made of a metal different from a metal of the interdigital transducer. 14. The acoustic wave device according to claim 10, wherein the piezoelectric layer is made of a piezoelectric single crystal of LiNbO3 or LiTaO3. 15. The acoustic wave device according to claim 10, wherein the piezoelectric layer is a piezoelectric thin film. 16. The acoustic wave device according to claim 10, further comprising a close-contact layer between the interdigital transducer and the piezoelectric layer. 17. The acoustic wave device according to claim 16, wherein the close-contact layer is made of Ti, NiCr, or Cr. 18. The acoustic wave device according to claim 16, further comprising a metal layer defining an intermediate layer between the interdigital electrode and the close-contact layer. | An acoustic wave device includes a piezoelectric layer and an interdigital transducer disposed on the piezoelectric layer. The interdigital transducer primarily includes Al and includes an additive selected from a group consisting of Nd, Sc, and Ta, and a concentration of the additive in a region opposite to a piezoelectric-layer-side region of the interdigital transducer is higher than a concentration of the additive in the piezoelectric-layer-side region of the interdigital transducer.1. An acoustic wave device comprising:
a piezoelectric layer; and an interdigital transducer disposed on the piezoelectric layer; wherein the interdigital transducer primarily includes Al and includes an additive selected from a group consisting of Nd, Sc, and Ta; and a concentration of the additive in a region opposite to a piezoelectric-layer-side region of the interdigital transducer is higher than a concentration of the additive in the piezoelectric-layer-side region of the interdigital transducer. 2. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein a concentration of the additive varies continuously in a thickness direction of the interdigital transducer. 3. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein the additive is Nd. 4. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, further comprising a metal layer stacked on the interdigital transducer and made of a metal different from a metal of the interdigital transducer. 5. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric layer is made of a piezoelectric single crystal of LiNbO3 or LiTaO3. 6. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric layer is a piezoelectric thin film. 7. The acoustic wave device according to claim 1, further comprising a close-contact layer between the interdigital transducer and the piezoelectric layer. 8. The acoustic wave device according to claim 7, wherein the close-contact layer is made of Ti, NiCr, or Cr. 9. The acoustic wave device according to claim 7, further comprising a metal layer defining an intermediate layer between the interdigital electrode and the close-contact layer. 10. An acoustic wave device comprising:
a piezoelectric layer; and an interdigital transducer disposed on the piezoelectric layer; wherein the interdigital transducer primarily includes Al and includes an additive selected from a group consisting of Nd, Sc, and Ta; and a concentration of the additive at a position at a distance of about 20% of a thickness of the interdigital transducer from a surface opposite to a piezoelectric-layer-side surface of the interdigital transducer is higher than a concentration of the additive at a position at a distance of about 80% of the thickness of the interdigital transducer from the surface opposite to the piezoelectric-layer-side surface of the interdigital transducer. 11. The acoustic wave device according to claim 10, wherein a concentration of the additive varies continuously in a thickness direction of the interdigital transducer. 12. The acoustic wave device according to claim 10, wherein the additive is Nd. 13. The acoustic wave device according to claim 10, further comprising a metal layer stacked on the interdigital transducer and made of a metal different from a metal of the interdigital transducer. 14. The acoustic wave device according to claim 10, wherein the piezoelectric layer is made of a piezoelectric single crystal of LiNbO3 or LiTaO3. 15. The acoustic wave device according to claim 10, wherein the piezoelectric layer is a piezoelectric thin film. 16. The acoustic wave device according to claim 10, further comprising a close-contact layer between the interdigital transducer and the piezoelectric layer. 17. The acoustic wave device according to claim 16, wherein the close-contact layer is made of Ti, NiCr, or Cr. 18. The acoustic wave device according to claim 16, further comprising a metal layer defining an intermediate layer between the interdigital electrode and the close-contact layer. | 3,700 |
341,056 | 16,801,359 | 3,786 | An imaging device including a condenser lens and an image sensor is provided. The image sensor is configured to sense light penetrating the condenser lens and includes a pixel matrix, an opaque layer, a plurality of microlenses and an infrared filter layer. The pixel matrix includes a plurality of infrared pixels, a plurality of first pixels and a plurality of second pixels. The opaque layer covers upon a first region of the first pixels and a second region of the second pixels, wherein the first region and the second region are mirror-symmetrically arranged in a first direction. The plurality of microlenses is arranged upon the pixel matrix. The infrared filter layer covers upon the infrared pixels. | 1. An imaging device, comprising:
a condenser lens; and an image sensor configured to sense light penetrating the condenser lens, the image sensor comprising:
a pixel matrix comprising a plurality of unblocked pixels, a plurality of first pixels and a plurality of second pixels;
an opaque layer covering upon a first region, which is a part of each first pixel, and upon a second region, which is a part of each second pixel, but not covering upon the unblocked pixels, wherein the first region and the second region are symmetrically arranged in a first direction, and uncovered regions of the first pixels and the second pixels are arranged to be larger at a pixel edge than at a pixel center; and
a plurality of microlenses arranged upon the pixel matrix. 2. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the pixel matrix further comprises a plurality of third pixels and a plurality of fourth pixels, the opaque layer further covers upon a third region, which is a part of each third pixel, and upon a fourth region, which is a part of each fourth pixel, and the third region and the fourth region are symmetrically arranged in a second direction. 3. The imaging device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first region, the second region, the third region and the fourth region are 5% to 95% of an area of a single pixel. 4. The imaging device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the third pixels and the fourth pixels are arranged at a part of pixel rows of the pixel matrix. 5. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein one first pixel having the first region covered by the opaque layer and one second pixel having the second region covered by the opaque layer are two adjacent pixels in the first direction. 6. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the uncovered regions of the first pixels and the second pixels are arranged to increase or monotonically increase toward the pixel edge. 7. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first pixels and the second pixels are arranged at a part of pixel columns of the pixel matrix. 8. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the unblocked pixels are covered by a filter layer. 9. The imaging device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the opaque layer and the filter layer are sandwiched between the pixel matrix and the microlenses. 10. The imaging device as claimed in claim 8, wherein a distance between the opaque layer and the pixel matrix is identical to that between the filter layer and the pixel matrix. 11. An imaging device, comprising:
a condenser lens; and an image sensor configured to sense light penetrating the condenser lens, the image sensor comprising:
a pixel matrix comprising a plurality of unblocked pixels, as well as a plurality of first pixels and second pixels arranged at a part of pixel columns of the pixel matrix;
an opaque layer covering upon a first region, which is smaller than an area of covered first pixel, of each first pixel, and upon a second region, which is smaller than an area of covered second pixel, of each second pixel, but not covering upon the unblocked pixels, wherein uncovered regions of one first pixel and one second pixel are symmetrically arranged and adjacent to each other; and
a plurality of microlenses arranged upon the pixel matrix. 12. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the pixel matrix further comprises a plurality of third pixels and fourth pixels arranged at a part of pixel rows of the pixel matrix, the opaque layer further covers upon a third region, which is smaller than an area of covered third pixel, of each third pixel, and upon a fourth region, which is smaller than an area of covered fourth pixel, of each fourth pixel, and uncovered regions of one third pixel and one fourth pixel are symmetrically arranged and adjacent to each other. 13. The imaging device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the first region, the second region, the third region and the fourth region are 5% to 95% of an area of a single pixel. 14. The imaging device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the uncovered regions of the first pixels and the second pixels are arranged to increase or monotonically increase from a pixel center toward a pixel edge. 15. The imaging device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the unblocked pixels are covered by a filter layer. 16. The imaging device as claimed in claim 15, wherein the opaque layer and the filter layer are sandwiched between the pixel matrix and the microlenses. 17. The imaging device as claimed in claim 15, wherein a distance between the opaque layer and the pixel matrix is identical to that between the filter layer and the pixel matrix. 18. An imaging device, comprising:
a condenser lens; and an image sensor configured to sense light penetrating the condenser lens, the image sensor comprising:
a pixel matrix comprising a plurality of unblocked pixels, a plurality of first pixels and a plurality of second pixels arranged in a first direction and a second direction;
an opaque layer covering upon a first region which is a part of the first pixels and upon a second region which is a part of the second pixels but not covering upon the unblocked pixels, wherein the first region and the second region are symmetrically arranged in the first direction, and an uncovered region of one first pixel is adjacent to an uncovered region of one second pixel in the first direction; and
a plurality of microlenses arranged upon the pixel matrix. 19. The imaging device as claimed in claim 18, wherein
the pixel matrix further comprises a plurality of third pixels and a plurality of fourth pixels, the opaque layer further covers upon a third region which is a part of the third pixels and upon a fourth region which is a part of the fourth pixels, and the third region and the fourth region are symmetrically arranged in a second direction. 20. The imaging device as claimed in claim 18, wherein the first region, the second region, the third region and the fourth region are 5% to 95% of an area of a single pixel. | An imaging device including a condenser lens and an image sensor is provided. The image sensor is configured to sense light penetrating the condenser lens and includes a pixel matrix, an opaque layer, a plurality of microlenses and an infrared filter layer. The pixel matrix includes a plurality of infrared pixels, a plurality of first pixels and a plurality of second pixels. The opaque layer covers upon a first region of the first pixels and a second region of the second pixels, wherein the first region and the second region are mirror-symmetrically arranged in a first direction. The plurality of microlenses is arranged upon the pixel matrix. The infrared filter layer covers upon the infrared pixels.1. An imaging device, comprising:
a condenser lens; and an image sensor configured to sense light penetrating the condenser lens, the image sensor comprising:
a pixel matrix comprising a plurality of unblocked pixels, a plurality of first pixels and a plurality of second pixels;
an opaque layer covering upon a first region, which is a part of each first pixel, and upon a second region, which is a part of each second pixel, but not covering upon the unblocked pixels, wherein the first region and the second region are symmetrically arranged in a first direction, and uncovered regions of the first pixels and the second pixels are arranged to be larger at a pixel edge than at a pixel center; and
a plurality of microlenses arranged upon the pixel matrix. 2. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the pixel matrix further comprises a plurality of third pixels and a plurality of fourth pixels, the opaque layer further covers upon a third region, which is a part of each third pixel, and upon a fourth region, which is a part of each fourth pixel, and the third region and the fourth region are symmetrically arranged in a second direction. 3. The imaging device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first region, the second region, the third region and the fourth region are 5% to 95% of an area of a single pixel. 4. The imaging device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the third pixels and the fourth pixels are arranged at a part of pixel rows of the pixel matrix. 5. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein one first pixel having the first region covered by the opaque layer and one second pixel having the second region covered by the opaque layer are two adjacent pixels in the first direction. 6. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the uncovered regions of the first pixels and the second pixels are arranged to increase or monotonically increase toward the pixel edge. 7. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first pixels and the second pixels are arranged at a part of pixel columns of the pixel matrix. 8. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the unblocked pixels are covered by a filter layer. 9. The imaging device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the opaque layer and the filter layer are sandwiched between the pixel matrix and the microlenses. 10. The imaging device as claimed in claim 8, wherein a distance between the opaque layer and the pixel matrix is identical to that between the filter layer and the pixel matrix. 11. An imaging device, comprising:
a condenser lens; and an image sensor configured to sense light penetrating the condenser lens, the image sensor comprising:
a pixel matrix comprising a plurality of unblocked pixels, as well as a plurality of first pixels and second pixels arranged at a part of pixel columns of the pixel matrix;
an opaque layer covering upon a first region, which is smaller than an area of covered first pixel, of each first pixel, and upon a second region, which is smaller than an area of covered second pixel, of each second pixel, but not covering upon the unblocked pixels, wherein uncovered regions of one first pixel and one second pixel are symmetrically arranged and adjacent to each other; and
a plurality of microlenses arranged upon the pixel matrix. 12. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the pixel matrix further comprises a plurality of third pixels and fourth pixels arranged at a part of pixel rows of the pixel matrix, the opaque layer further covers upon a third region, which is smaller than an area of covered third pixel, of each third pixel, and upon a fourth region, which is smaller than an area of covered fourth pixel, of each fourth pixel, and uncovered regions of one third pixel and one fourth pixel are symmetrically arranged and adjacent to each other. 13. The imaging device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the first region, the second region, the third region and the fourth region are 5% to 95% of an area of a single pixel. 14. The imaging device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the uncovered regions of the first pixels and the second pixels are arranged to increase or monotonically increase from a pixel center toward a pixel edge. 15. The imaging device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the unblocked pixels are covered by a filter layer. 16. The imaging device as claimed in claim 15, wherein the opaque layer and the filter layer are sandwiched between the pixel matrix and the microlenses. 17. The imaging device as claimed in claim 15, wherein a distance between the opaque layer and the pixel matrix is identical to that between the filter layer and the pixel matrix. 18. An imaging device, comprising:
a condenser lens; and an image sensor configured to sense light penetrating the condenser lens, the image sensor comprising:
a pixel matrix comprising a plurality of unblocked pixels, a plurality of first pixels and a plurality of second pixels arranged in a first direction and a second direction;
an opaque layer covering upon a first region which is a part of the first pixels and upon a second region which is a part of the second pixels but not covering upon the unblocked pixels, wherein the first region and the second region are symmetrically arranged in the first direction, and an uncovered region of one first pixel is adjacent to an uncovered region of one second pixel in the first direction; and
a plurality of microlenses arranged upon the pixel matrix. 19. The imaging device as claimed in claim 18, wherein
the pixel matrix further comprises a plurality of third pixels and a plurality of fourth pixels, the opaque layer further covers upon a third region which is a part of the third pixels and upon a fourth region which is a part of the fourth pixels, and the third region and the fourth region are symmetrically arranged in a second direction. 20. The imaging device as claimed in claim 18, wherein the first region, the second region, the third region and the fourth region are 5% to 95% of an area of a single pixel. | 3,700 |
341,057 | 16,801,313 | 3,786 | Aspects of the invention include generation of a secure key exchange (SKE) authentication response by a responder node of a computing environment. A computer-implemented method includes receiving an authentication request message at a responder channel on the responder node from an initiator channel on an initiator node to establish a secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the responder node. A state check is performed based on a security association of the initiator node and the responder node. A validation of the authentication request message is performed. A proposal list of the authentication request message is checked. An authentication response message is built based at least in part on a successful state check, a successful validation, and selecting an encryption algorithm from the proposal list. The authentication response message is sent from the LKM to the responder channel. | 1. A computer program product for facilitating processing in a computing environment, the computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage medium readable by one or more processing circuits and storing instructions for performing operations comprising:
receiving an authentication request message at a responder channel on a responder node from an initiator channel on an initiator node to establish a secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the responder node;
performing a state check based on a security association of the initiator node and the responder node;
performing a validation of the authentication request message;
checking a proposal list of the authentication request message defining one or more encryption algorithms supported by the initiator channel;
building an authentication response message based at least in part on a successful state check, a successful validation, and selecting one of the encryption algorithms from the proposal list; and
sending the authentication response message from the LKM to the responder channel. 2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise the responder channel sending the authentication response message to the initiator channel. 3. The computer program product of claim 2, wherein the sending the authentication response message to the initiator channel is via a storage area network (SAN). 4. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the authentication response message further comprises a responder signature based at least in part on one or more parameters extracted from a previously received initialization message. 5. The computer program product of claim 4, wherein the responder signature is based on an initiator nonce, a shared key, a responder identifier, and at least one key from a set of cryptographic keys. 6. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise decrypting a payload of the authentication request message, and validation of the authentication request message comprises checking one or more message header parameters and an identifier of the payload based on decrypting the payload. 7. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the state check further comprises verifying a security association state of the responder node. 8. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the state check further comprises verifying a last received message state and a last sent message state of the LKM. 9. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise computing an initiator signature based on a responder nonce, a shared key, an initiator identifier, and at least one key from a set of cryptographic keys and comparing the initiator signature to a signature extracted from the authentication request message as a further validation. 10. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise rejecting the authentication request message based on an unsuccessful validation result or determining that none of the encryption algorithms from the proposal list is supported by the responder channel. 11. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the LKM executes in a logical partition of a computer system, and the responder node is a host computer or a storage array. 12. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise sending an LKM Done message to the responder channel with one or more session keys and an initiator security parameter index (SPI), and a responder SPI to enable encrypted communication between the initiator channel and responder channel using the selected encryption algorithm. 13. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the authentication response message is encrypted independent of the proposal list. 14. A computer-implemented method of facilitating processing within a computing environment, the computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving an authentication request message at a responder channel on a responder node from an initiator channel on an initiator node to establish a secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the responder node; performing a state check based on a security association of the initiator node and the responder node; performing a validation of the authentication request message; checking a proposal list of the authentication request message defining one or more encryption algorithms supported by the initiator channel; building an authentication response message based at least in part on a successful state check, a successful validation, and selecting one of the encryption algorithms from the proposal list; and sending the authentication response message from the LKM to the responder channel. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the authentication response message further comprises a responder signature based at least in part on one or more parameters extracted from a previously received initialization message, and the responder signature is based on an initiator nonce, a shared key, a responder identifier, and at least one key from a set of cryptographic keys. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, further comprising decrypting a payload of the authentication request message, and validation of the authentication request message comprises checking one or more message header parameters and an identifier of the payload based on decrypting the payload, wherein the state check further comprises verifying a security association state of the responder node and verifying a last received message state and a last sent message state of the LKM. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, further comprising:
computing an initiator signature based on a responder nonce, a shared key, an initiator identifier, and at least one key from a set of cryptographic keys; comparing the initiator signature to a signature extracted from the authentication request message as a further validation; and rejecting the authentication request message based on an unsuccessful validation result or determining that none of the encryption algorithms from the proposal list is supported by the responder channel. 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, further comprising:
sending an LKM Done message to the responder channel with one or more session keys and an initiator security parameter index (SPI), and a responder SPI to enable encrypted communication between the initiator channel and responder channel using the selected encryption algorithm, wherein the authentication response message is encrypted independent of the proposal list. 19. A computer system for facilitating processing within a computing environment, the computer system comprising:
a responder node; and a plurality of channels coupled to the responder node, wherein the computer system is configured to perform operations comprising:
receiving an authentication request message at a responder channel on the responder node from an initiator channel on an initiator node to establish a secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the responder node;
performing a state check based on a security association of the initiator node and the responder node;
performing a validation of the authentication request message;
checking a proposal list of the authentication request message defining one or more encryption algorithms supported by the initiator channel;
building an authentication response message based at least in part on a successful state check, a successful validation, and selecting one of the encryption algorithms from the proposal list; and
sending the authentication response message from the LKM to the responder channel. 20. The computer system of claim 19, wherein the initiator node is a host computer, the responder node is a storage array, and the LKM executes in a logical partition of the storage array. | Aspects of the invention include generation of a secure key exchange (SKE) authentication response by a responder node of a computing environment. A computer-implemented method includes receiving an authentication request message at a responder channel on the responder node from an initiator channel on an initiator node to establish a secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the responder node. A state check is performed based on a security association of the initiator node and the responder node. A validation of the authentication request message is performed. A proposal list of the authentication request message is checked. An authentication response message is built based at least in part on a successful state check, a successful validation, and selecting an encryption algorithm from the proposal list. The authentication response message is sent from the LKM to the responder channel.1. A computer program product for facilitating processing in a computing environment, the computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage medium readable by one or more processing circuits and storing instructions for performing operations comprising:
receiving an authentication request message at a responder channel on a responder node from an initiator channel on an initiator node to establish a secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the responder node;
performing a state check based on a security association of the initiator node and the responder node;
performing a validation of the authentication request message;
checking a proposal list of the authentication request message defining one or more encryption algorithms supported by the initiator channel;
building an authentication response message based at least in part on a successful state check, a successful validation, and selecting one of the encryption algorithms from the proposal list; and
sending the authentication response message from the LKM to the responder channel. 2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise the responder channel sending the authentication response message to the initiator channel. 3. The computer program product of claim 2, wherein the sending the authentication response message to the initiator channel is via a storage area network (SAN). 4. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the authentication response message further comprises a responder signature based at least in part on one or more parameters extracted from a previously received initialization message. 5. The computer program product of claim 4, wherein the responder signature is based on an initiator nonce, a shared key, a responder identifier, and at least one key from a set of cryptographic keys. 6. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise decrypting a payload of the authentication request message, and validation of the authentication request message comprises checking one or more message header parameters and an identifier of the payload based on decrypting the payload. 7. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the state check further comprises verifying a security association state of the responder node. 8. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the state check further comprises verifying a last received message state and a last sent message state of the LKM. 9. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise computing an initiator signature based on a responder nonce, a shared key, an initiator identifier, and at least one key from a set of cryptographic keys and comparing the initiator signature to a signature extracted from the authentication request message as a further validation. 10. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise rejecting the authentication request message based on an unsuccessful validation result or determining that none of the encryption algorithms from the proposal list is supported by the responder channel. 11. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the LKM executes in a logical partition of a computer system, and the responder node is a host computer or a storage array. 12. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise sending an LKM Done message to the responder channel with one or more session keys and an initiator security parameter index (SPI), and a responder SPI to enable encrypted communication between the initiator channel and responder channel using the selected encryption algorithm. 13. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the authentication response message is encrypted independent of the proposal list. 14. A computer-implemented method of facilitating processing within a computing environment, the computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving an authentication request message at a responder channel on a responder node from an initiator channel on an initiator node to establish a secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the responder node; performing a state check based on a security association of the initiator node and the responder node; performing a validation of the authentication request message; checking a proposal list of the authentication request message defining one or more encryption algorithms supported by the initiator channel; building an authentication response message based at least in part on a successful state check, a successful validation, and selecting one of the encryption algorithms from the proposal list; and sending the authentication response message from the LKM to the responder channel. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the authentication response message further comprises a responder signature based at least in part on one or more parameters extracted from a previously received initialization message, and the responder signature is based on an initiator nonce, a shared key, a responder identifier, and at least one key from a set of cryptographic keys. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, further comprising decrypting a payload of the authentication request message, and validation of the authentication request message comprises checking one or more message header parameters and an identifier of the payload based on decrypting the payload, wherein the state check further comprises verifying a security association state of the responder node and verifying a last received message state and a last sent message state of the LKM. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, further comprising:
computing an initiator signature based on a responder nonce, a shared key, an initiator identifier, and at least one key from a set of cryptographic keys; comparing the initiator signature to a signature extracted from the authentication request message as a further validation; and rejecting the authentication request message based on an unsuccessful validation result or determining that none of the encryption algorithms from the proposal list is supported by the responder channel. 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, further comprising:
sending an LKM Done message to the responder channel with one or more session keys and an initiator security parameter index (SPI), and a responder SPI to enable encrypted communication between the initiator channel and responder channel using the selected encryption algorithm, wherein the authentication response message is encrypted independent of the proposal list. 19. A computer system for facilitating processing within a computing environment, the computer system comprising:
a responder node; and a plurality of channels coupled to the responder node, wherein the computer system is configured to perform operations comprising:
receiving an authentication request message at a responder channel on the responder node from an initiator channel on an initiator node to establish a secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the responder node;
performing a state check based on a security association of the initiator node and the responder node;
performing a validation of the authentication request message;
checking a proposal list of the authentication request message defining one or more encryption algorithms supported by the initiator channel;
building an authentication response message based at least in part on a successful state check, a successful validation, and selecting one of the encryption algorithms from the proposal list; and
sending the authentication response message from the LKM to the responder channel. 20. The computer system of claim 19, wherein the initiator node is a host computer, the responder node is a storage array, and the LKM executes in a logical partition of the storage array. | 3,700 |
341,058 | 16,801,367 | 3,786 | The present disclosure provides an articulation joint that can include a plurality of articulation links, wherein each articulation link can include an elongate body having a proximal end, a distal end, an outer surface, and a first lumen extending from the proximal end to the distal end. Each articulation link can further include a plurality of arms extending radially outward from the elongate body, wherein each arm includes an inner end attached to the outer surface of the elongate body and a second lumen extending from a proximal side of the arm to a distal side of the arm. The articulation joint can also include a bending member positioned within the first lumen of the elongate body and a control member positioned within a plurality of second lumens, wherein each of the plurality of second lumens includes a common longitudinal axis. | 1. An articulation joint, comprising:
a plurality of articulation links, wherein each articulation link includes:
an elongate body having a proximal end, a distal end, an outer surface, and a first lumen extending from the proximal end to the distal end; and
a plurality of arms extending radially outward from the elongate body, wherein at least one arm of the plurality of arms includes a first end coupled to the outer surface of the elongate body and a second lumen; and
a control member positioned within the second lumen. 2. The articulation joint of claim 1, wherein an articulation link of the plurality of articulation links includes a support member fixedly attached to a second end of the at least one arm. 3. The articulation joint of claim 1, wherein the second lumen includes a longitudinal axis that is transverse to a longitudinal axis of the at least one arm. 4. The articulation joint of claim 1, wherein an articulation link of the plurality of articulation links includes a contact surface configured to engage an adjacent articulation link to permit relative movement between the articulation link and the adjacent articulation link, wherein the contact surface includes at least one of a camming surface, a pivoting surface, a concave surface, and a convex surface. 5. The articulation joint of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of articulation links has a central longitudinal axis of the first lumen located asymmetrically relative to a central longitudinal axis of the at least one of the plurality of articulation links. 6. The articulation joint of claim 1, further including a bending member positioned within the first lumen of the elongate body, wherein the bending member includes at least one of an elastomeric rod and a spring. 7. The articulation joint of claim 6, wherein the spring includes a lumen configured to receive a medical device. 8. The articulation joint of claim 1, wherein the arms are distributed symmetrically about the outer surface of the elongate body and define a region configured to receive a medical device. 9. The articulation joint of claim 1, wherein the plurality of articulation links are positioned apart along a longitudinal axis such that the proximal end of a first articulation link and the distal end of a second articulation link located adjacent to the first articulation link are separated by a length of a bending member. 10. The articulation joint of claim 1, wherein each of the second lumens includes a common longitudinal axis. 11. An articulation link, comprising:
an elongate body having a proximal end, a distal end, an outer surface, and a first lumen extending from the proximal end to the distal end, wherein the first lumen is configured to receive a bending member; and a plurality of arms extending outward from the outer surface of the elongate body, each arm including an outer end having a second lumen configured to receive a control member. 12. The articulation link of claim 11, further including a support member fixedly attached to at least two of the plurality of arms. 13. The articulation link of claim 12, wherein the support member is attached to the outer end of the at least two of the plurality of arms. 14. The articulation link of claim 11, wherein the first lumen has a central longitudinal axis located asymmetrically relative to a central longitudinal axis of the articulation link. 15. The articulation link of claim 11, wherein at least one arm includes at least one second lumen that extends from a proximal side to a distal side of the at least one arm. 16. The articulation link of claim 11, wherein the proximal end of the elongate body includes a proximal contact surface configured to engage a proximally-located adjacent articulation link, the distal end of the elongate body includes a distal contact surface configured to engage a distally-located adjacent articulation link, and the proximal contact surface is offset 90° relative to the distal contact surface to permit movement between the articulation link and the proximally-located adjacent articulation link about a first axis and movement between the articulation link and the distally-located adjacent articulation link about a second axis rotated 90° relative to the first axis. 17. An articulating medical device, comprising:
a plurality of articulation links, wherein each articulation link includes: an elongate body having a longitudinal axis and a first lumen; and a plurality of arms extending transverse to the longitudinal axis and outward from the elongate body, each arm including a second lumen; and a control member positioned within the plurality of second lumens, 18. The articulating medical device of claim 17, wherein a bending member is positioned within the first lumens of the plurality of articulation links and a cover is located about the plurality of articulation links, and the bending member is configured to bear a greater compressive load than the cover. 19. The articulating medical device of claim 18, wherein two of the plurality of arms of an articulation link and the cover define a space configured to receive a medical device. 20. The articulating medical device of claim 17, wherein the first lumen extends parallel to the longitudinal axis, the plurality of second lumens extend parallel to the longitudinal axis, and the control member is positioned within a plurality of second lumens aligned along a common longitudinal axis. | The present disclosure provides an articulation joint that can include a plurality of articulation links, wherein each articulation link can include an elongate body having a proximal end, a distal end, an outer surface, and a first lumen extending from the proximal end to the distal end. Each articulation link can further include a plurality of arms extending radially outward from the elongate body, wherein each arm includes an inner end attached to the outer surface of the elongate body and a second lumen extending from a proximal side of the arm to a distal side of the arm. The articulation joint can also include a bending member positioned within the first lumen of the elongate body and a control member positioned within a plurality of second lumens, wherein each of the plurality of second lumens includes a common longitudinal axis.1. An articulation joint, comprising:
a plurality of articulation links, wherein each articulation link includes:
an elongate body having a proximal end, a distal end, an outer surface, and a first lumen extending from the proximal end to the distal end; and
a plurality of arms extending radially outward from the elongate body, wherein at least one arm of the plurality of arms includes a first end coupled to the outer surface of the elongate body and a second lumen; and
a control member positioned within the second lumen. 2. The articulation joint of claim 1, wherein an articulation link of the plurality of articulation links includes a support member fixedly attached to a second end of the at least one arm. 3. The articulation joint of claim 1, wherein the second lumen includes a longitudinal axis that is transverse to a longitudinal axis of the at least one arm. 4. The articulation joint of claim 1, wherein an articulation link of the plurality of articulation links includes a contact surface configured to engage an adjacent articulation link to permit relative movement between the articulation link and the adjacent articulation link, wherein the contact surface includes at least one of a camming surface, a pivoting surface, a concave surface, and a convex surface. 5. The articulation joint of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of articulation links has a central longitudinal axis of the first lumen located asymmetrically relative to a central longitudinal axis of the at least one of the plurality of articulation links. 6. The articulation joint of claim 1, further including a bending member positioned within the first lumen of the elongate body, wherein the bending member includes at least one of an elastomeric rod and a spring. 7. The articulation joint of claim 6, wherein the spring includes a lumen configured to receive a medical device. 8. The articulation joint of claim 1, wherein the arms are distributed symmetrically about the outer surface of the elongate body and define a region configured to receive a medical device. 9. The articulation joint of claim 1, wherein the plurality of articulation links are positioned apart along a longitudinal axis such that the proximal end of a first articulation link and the distal end of a second articulation link located adjacent to the first articulation link are separated by a length of a bending member. 10. The articulation joint of claim 1, wherein each of the second lumens includes a common longitudinal axis. 11. An articulation link, comprising:
an elongate body having a proximal end, a distal end, an outer surface, and a first lumen extending from the proximal end to the distal end, wherein the first lumen is configured to receive a bending member; and a plurality of arms extending outward from the outer surface of the elongate body, each arm including an outer end having a second lumen configured to receive a control member. 12. The articulation link of claim 11, further including a support member fixedly attached to at least two of the plurality of arms. 13. The articulation link of claim 12, wherein the support member is attached to the outer end of the at least two of the plurality of arms. 14. The articulation link of claim 11, wherein the first lumen has a central longitudinal axis located asymmetrically relative to a central longitudinal axis of the articulation link. 15. The articulation link of claim 11, wherein at least one arm includes at least one second lumen that extends from a proximal side to a distal side of the at least one arm. 16. The articulation link of claim 11, wherein the proximal end of the elongate body includes a proximal contact surface configured to engage a proximally-located adjacent articulation link, the distal end of the elongate body includes a distal contact surface configured to engage a distally-located adjacent articulation link, and the proximal contact surface is offset 90° relative to the distal contact surface to permit movement between the articulation link and the proximally-located adjacent articulation link about a first axis and movement between the articulation link and the distally-located adjacent articulation link about a second axis rotated 90° relative to the first axis. 17. An articulating medical device, comprising:
a plurality of articulation links, wherein each articulation link includes: an elongate body having a longitudinal axis and a first lumen; and a plurality of arms extending transverse to the longitudinal axis and outward from the elongate body, each arm including a second lumen; and a control member positioned within the plurality of second lumens, 18. The articulating medical device of claim 17, wherein a bending member is positioned within the first lumens of the plurality of articulation links and a cover is located about the plurality of articulation links, and the bending member is configured to bear a greater compressive load than the cover. 19. The articulating medical device of claim 18, wherein two of the plurality of arms of an articulation link and the cover define a space configured to receive a medical device. 20. The articulating medical device of claim 17, wherein the first lumen extends parallel to the longitudinal axis, the plurality of second lumens extend parallel to the longitudinal axis, and the control member is positioned within a plurality of second lumens aligned along a common longitudinal axis. | 3,700 |
341,059 | 16,801,351 | 3,786 | Disclosed is a mounting device for an electronic device. The mounting device comprises a plate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first surface configured to receive the electronic device; a hinge structure disposed on the second surface of the plate, the hinge structure including a rotary shaft extending from the second surface and a hinge shaft extending along the second surface; and a support member coupled to the hinge shaft, the support member including a first portion extending from the hinge shaft by a first length and a second portion extending from the hinge shaft by a second length smaller than the first length, wherein the hinge structure is configured to rotate about the rotary shaft, and wherein the support member is configured to rotated about the hinge shaft such that the first portion can make contact with the second surface of the plate and the second portion can make contact with the second surface of the plate. | 1. A mounting device for mounting an electronic device, the mounting device comprising:
a plate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first surface configured to receive the electronic device; a hinge structure disposed on the second surface of the plate, the hinge structure including a rotary shaft extending from the second surface and a hinge shaft extending along the second surface; and a support member coupled to the hinge shaft, the support member including a first portion extending from the hinge shaft by a first length and a second portion extending from the hinge shaft by a second length smaller than the first length, wherein the hinge structure is configured to rotate about the rotary shaft, and wherein the support member is configured to rotate about the hinge shaft such that the first portion can make contact with the second surface of the plate and the second portion can make contact with the second surface of the plate. 2. The mounting device of claim 1, wherein the plate includes a first pair of edges and a second pair of edges substantially perpendicular to the to the first pair of edges, and
wherein the rotary shaft is formed in a position that is spaced apart from one of the first pair of edges by a first distance and is spaced apart from one of the second pair edges by a second distance. 3. The mounting device of claim 2, wherein the mounting device is configurable to a first position where the one of the first pair of edges and the first portion of the support member are supported on the ground and a second position where the one of the second pair of edges and the first portion of the support member are supported on the ground. 4. The mounting device of claim 3, wherein the second portion is configurable to make contact with the second surface of the plate in the first position and the second position. 5. The mounting device of claim 3, wherein the rotary shaft is disposed at an intersection of an extension line of the hinge shaft when the mounting device is in the first position and an extension line of the hinge shaft when the mounting device is in the second position. 6. The mounting device of claim 1, wherein the hinge structure includes:
a hinge housing having the hinge shaft disposed therein; and a hinge member disposed in the hinge housing, the hinge shaft being formed on the hinge member, and wherein the hinge member is connected, at one side thereof, with the first portion of the support member and is connected, at an opposite side thereof, with the second portion of the support member. 7. The mounting device of claim 6, wherein the hinge housing includes a curved surface configured to face the support member, the mounting device further comprising a fastening plate disposed on the second surface of the plate and abutting a flat surface of the hinge housing, and
wherein the hinge housing has an opening in which the hinge member is disposed. 8. The mounting device of claim 7, wherein the support member includes a protruding portion formed between the first portion and the second portion, and
wherein the hinge member has a recess and wherein the protruding portion is disposed in the recess of the hinge member. 9. The mounting device of claim 7, wherein the curved surface has a radius of curvature that is substantially the same as or smaller than a radius of rotation of the support member. 10. The mounting device of claim 6, wherein the hinge housing has a recess formed therein in which part of the hinge shaft is disposed to support rotation of the hinge shaft. 11. The mounting device of claim 7, wherein the rotary shaft extends from the fastening plate. 12. The mounting device of claim 3, wherein the hinge structure includes a guide member formed in a position spaced apart from the rotary shaft at an interval,
wherein the second surface of the plate has a guide recess, and wherein the guide member is inserted is inserted into the guide recess, and wherein the guide recess has a substantially circular arc shape. 13. The mounting device of claim 12, wherein the guide recess includes a first end portion and a second end portion, and
wherein the hinge structure is configured to rotate about the rotary shaft as the guide member moves from the first end portion to the second end portion. 14. The mounting device of claim 13, wherein the guide member is configured to be located on the first end portion when the mounting device is in the first position and the second end portion when the mounting device is in the second position. 15. The mounting device of claim 1, wherein the hinge structure further comprises a torsion spring applying an elastic force maintaining a rotation angle of the hinge structure at substantially 0 degrees or substantially 90 degrees,
wherein the plate further includes a fixed shaft formed on the second surface, and wherein the torsion spring is connected, at one side thereof, to the rotary shaft and is connected, at an opposite side thereof, to the fixed shaft. 16. The mounting device of claim 2, wherein the plate further includes a magnet that includes a first portion extending from the rotary shaft substantially parallel to the first pair of edges and a second portion substantially parallel to the second pair of edges,
wherein a hinge structure includes a corresponding magnet that corresponds to the magnet, and wherein the corresponding magnet is configured to rotate the hinge structure magnet to be substantially parallel to the first pair of edges or substantially parallel to the second pair of edges. 17. A mounting device for an electronic device, the mounting device comprising:
a plate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, a first pair of edges, and a second pair of edges substantially perpendicular to the first pair of edges, wherein the first surface is configured to receive the electronic device; a rotary shaft extending from the second surface and coupled to the plate so as to be rotatable; and a support member rotatable about the rotary shaft, the support member extending from the second surface of the plate at an angle, wherein the mounting device is configurable to a first position in which the support member and one of the first pair of edges are supported on the ground and a second position in which the support member and one of the second pair of edges are supported on the ground, wherein the plate forms substantially the same angle with respect to the ground in the first position and the second position, and wherein the rotary shaft is formed at substantially the same distance from the one of the first pair of edges and the one of the second pair of edges. 18. The mounting device of claim 17, wherein the support member includes a first portion configured to be supported on the ground in the first position and the second position, a second portion configured to contact with the second surface of the plate, and a hinge shaft disposed between the first portion and the second portion, and
wherein the support member is rotatably connected to the rotary shaft such that the hinge shaft in the first position and is substantially perpendicular to the hinge shaft in the second position. 19. The mounting device of claim 17, wherein the support member includes a guide member disposed at an interval from the rotary shaft,
wherein the plate has a guide groove and the guide member inserts to the guide groove to guide rotation of the support member, wherein the guide groove includes a first end portion on which the guide member is located in the first position and a second end portion on which the guide member is located in the second position, and wherein an extension line from the first end portion to the rotary shaft is substantially perpendicular to an extension line from the second end portion to the rotary shaft. 20. The mounting device of claim 19, wherein the support member further includes an elastic member configured to apply an elastic force to the guide member to move the guide member to the first end portion or the second end portion when the guide member is located between the first end portion and the second end portion. | Disclosed is a mounting device for an electronic device. The mounting device comprises a plate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first surface configured to receive the electronic device; a hinge structure disposed on the second surface of the plate, the hinge structure including a rotary shaft extending from the second surface and a hinge shaft extending along the second surface; and a support member coupled to the hinge shaft, the support member including a first portion extending from the hinge shaft by a first length and a second portion extending from the hinge shaft by a second length smaller than the first length, wherein the hinge structure is configured to rotate about the rotary shaft, and wherein the support member is configured to rotated about the hinge shaft such that the first portion can make contact with the second surface of the plate and the second portion can make contact with the second surface of the plate.1. A mounting device for mounting an electronic device, the mounting device comprising:
a plate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first surface configured to receive the electronic device; a hinge structure disposed on the second surface of the plate, the hinge structure including a rotary shaft extending from the second surface and a hinge shaft extending along the second surface; and a support member coupled to the hinge shaft, the support member including a first portion extending from the hinge shaft by a first length and a second portion extending from the hinge shaft by a second length smaller than the first length, wherein the hinge structure is configured to rotate about the rotary shaft, and wherein the support member is configured to rotate about the hinge shaft such that the first portion can make contact with the second surface of the plate and the second portion can make contact with the second surface of the plate. 2. The mounting device of claim 1, wherein the plate includes a first pair of edges and a second pair of edges substantially perpendicular to the to the first pair of edges, and
wherein the rotary shaft is formed in a position that is spaced apart from one of the first pair of edges by a first distance and is spaced apart from one of the second pair edges by a second distance. 3. The mounting device of claim 2, wherein the mounting device is configurable to a first position where the one of the first pair of edges and the first portion of the support member are supported on the ground and a second position where the one of the second pair of edges and the first portion of the support member are supported on the ground. 4. The mounting device of claim 3, wherein the second portion is configurable to make contact with the second surface of the plate in the first position and the second position. 5. The mounting device of claim 3, wherein the rotary shaft is disposed at an intersection of an extension line of the hinge shaft when the mounting device is in the first position and an extension line of the hinge shaft when the mounting device is in the second position. 6. The mounting device of claim 1, wherein the hinge structure includes:
a hinge housing having the hinge shaft disposed therein; and a hinge member disposed in the hinge housing, the hinge shaft being formed on the hinge member, and wherein the hinge member is connected, at one side thereof, with the first portion of the support member and is connected, at an opposite side thereof, with the second portion of the support member. 7. The mounting device of claim 6, wherein the hinge housing includes a curved surface configured to face the support member, the mounting device further comprising a fastening plate disposed on the second surface of the plate and abutting a flat surface of the hinge housing, and
wherein the hinge housing has an opening in which the hinge member is disposed. 8. The mounting device of claim 7, wherein the support member includes a protruding portion formed between the first portion and the second portion, and
wherein the hinge member has a recess and wherein the protruding portion is disposed in the recess of the hinge member. 9. The mounting device of claim 7, wherein the curved surface has a radius of curvature that is substantially the same as or smaller than a radius of rotation of the support member. 10. The mounting device of claim 6, wherein the hinge housing has a recess formed therein in which part of the hinge shaft is disposed to support rotation of the hinge shaft. 11. The mounting device of claim 7, wherein the rotary shaft extends from the fastening plate. 12. The mounting device of claim 3, wherein the hinge structure includes a guide member formed in a position spaced apart from the rotary shaft at an interval,
wherein the second surface of the plate has a guide recess, and wherein the guide member is inserted is inserted into the guide recess, and wherein the guide recess has a substantially circular arc shape. 13. The mounting device of claim 12, wherein the guide recess includes a first end portion and a second end portion, and
wherein the hinge structure is configured to rotate about the rotary shaft as the guide member moves from the first end portion to the second end portion. 14. The mounting device of claim 13, wherein the guide member is configured to be located on the first end portion when the mounting device is in the first position and the second end portion when the mounting device is in the second position. 15. The mounting device of claim 1, wherein the hinge structure further comprises a torsion spring applying an elastic force maintaining a rotation angle of the hinge structure at substantially 0 degrees or substantially 90 degrees,
wherein the plate further includes a fixed shaft formed on the second surface, and wherein the torsion spring is connected, at one side thereof, to the rotary shaft and is connected, at an opposite side thereof, to the fixed shaft. 16. The mounting device of claim 2, wherein the plate further includes a magnet that includes a first portion extending from the rotary shaft substantially parallel to the first pair of edges and a second portion substantially parallel to the second pair of edges,
wherein a hinge structure includes a corresponding magnet that corresponds to the magnet, and wherein the corresponding magnet is configured to rotate the hinge structure magnet to be substantially parallel to the first pair of edges or substantially parallel to the second pair of edges. 17. A mounting device for an electronic device, the mounting device comprising:
a plate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, a first pair of edges, and a second pair of edges substantially perpendicular to the first pair of edges, wherein the first surface is configured to receive the electronic device; a rotary shaft extending from the second surface and coupled to the plate so as to be rotatable; and a support member rotatable about the rotary shaft, the support member extending from the second surface of the plate at an angle, wherein the mounting device is configurable to a first position in which the support member and one of the first pair of edges are supported on the ground and a second position in which the support member and one of the second pair of edges are supported on the ground, wherein the plate forms substantially the same angle with respect to the ground in the first position and the second position, and wherein the rotary shaft is formed at substantially the same distance from the one of the first pair of edges and the one of the second pair of edges. 18. The mounting device of claim 17, wherein the support member includes a first portion configured to be supported on the ground in the first position and the second position, a second portion configured to contact with the second surface of the plate, and a hinge shaft disposed between the first portion and the second portion, and
wherein the support member is rotatably connected to the rotary shaft such that the hinge shaft in the first position and is substantially perpendicular to the hinge shaft in the second position. 19. The mounting device of claim 17, wherein the support member includes a guide member disposed at an interval from the rotary shaft,
wherein the plate has a guide groove and the guide member inserts to the guide groove to guide rotation of the support member, wherein the guide groove includes a first end portion on which the guide member is located in the first position and a second end portion on which the guide member is located in the second position, and wherein an extension line from the first end portion to the rotary shaft is substantially perpendicular to an extension line from the second end portion to the rotary shaft. 20. The mounting device of claim 19, wherein the support member further includes an elastic member configured to apply an elastic force to the guide member to move the guide member to the first end portion or the second end portion when the guide member is located between the first end portion and the second end portion. | 3,700 |
341,060 | 16,801,308 | 3,786 | Aspects of the invention include receiving a request from a responder channel on a responder node to initiate a secure communication with an initiator channel on an initiator node. The request includes an identifier of a shared key, and a nonce and security parameter index generated by the initiator node for the secure communication. The receiving is at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the responder node. A security association is created at the LKM between the initiator node and the responder node. The shared key is obtained based at least in part on the identifier of the shared key. Based on obtaining the shared key, a message requesting initialization of the secure communication between the responder channel and the initiator channel is built. The message includes an initiator nonce and an initiator security parameter index generated by the LKM for the secure communication. | 1. A computer program product for facilitating processing in a computing environment, the computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage medium readable by one or more processing circuits and storing instructions for performing operations comprising:
receiving a request from a responder channel on a responder node to initiate a secure communication with an initiator channel on an initiator node, the request comprising an identifier of a shared key, and a nonce and security parameter index generated by the initiator node for the secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the responder node;
creating a security association at the LKM between the initiator node and the responder node;
obtaining the shared key based at least in part on the identifier of the shared key;
based on obtaining the shared key, building a message requesting initialization of the secure communication between the responder channel and the initiator channel, the message comprising an initiator nonce and an initiator security parameter index generated by the LKM for the secure communication; and
sending the message to the responder channel. 2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise the responder channel sending the message to the initiator channel. 3. The computer program product of claim 2, wherein the sending the message to the initiator channel is via a storage area network (SAN). 4. The computer program product of claim 2, wherein the message sent to the initiator channel is unencrypted. 5. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein encryption and decryption of data sent between the responder and initiator channels is based at least in part on the nonce, the security parameter index, the shared key, the initiator nonce, and the initiator security parameter index. 6. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the shared key is obtained from a server that is remote from the initiator node and the responder node. 7. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the shared key is used for secure communications between all channels on the initiator and responder nodes. 8. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein encryption and decryption of data sent between the responder and initiator channels is based at least in part on the shared key. 9. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the shared key is unique in the computing environment to secure communications between the initiator node and the responder node. 10. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the initiator node is a host computer. 11. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the responder node is one of a host computer and a storage array. 12. A computer-implemented method of facilitating processing within a computing environment, the computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving a request from a responder channel on a responder node to initiate a secure communication with an initiator channel on an initiator node, the request comprising an identifier of a shared key, and a nonce and security parameter index generated by the initiator node for the secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the responder node; creating a security association at the LKM between the initiator node and the responder node; obtaining the shared key based at least in part on the identifier of the shared key; based on obtaining the shared key, building a message requesting initialization of the secure communication between the responder channel and the initiator channel, the message comprising an initiator nonce and an initiator security parameter index generated by the LKM for the secure communication; and sending the message to the responder channel. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein the method further comprises the responder channel sending the message to the initiator channel. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein the sending the message to the initiator channel is via a storage area network (SAN). 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein encryption and decryption of data sent between the responder and initiator channels is based at least in part on the nonce, the security parameter index, the shared key, the initiator nonce, and the initiator security parameter index. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein the shared key is obtained from a server that is remote from the initiator node and the responder node. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein the shared key is used for secure communications between all channels on the initiator and responder nodes. 18. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the initiator node is a host computer and the responder node is a storage array. 19. A computer system for facilitating processing within a computing environment, the computer system comprising:
a responder node; and a plurality of responder channels coupled to the responder node, wherein the computer system is configured to perform operations comprising:
receiving a request from a responder channel of the plurality of responder channels to initiate a secure communication with an initiator channel on an initiator node, the request comprising an identifier of a shared key, and a nonce and security parameter index generated by the initiator node for the secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the responder node;
creating a security association at the LKM between the initiator node and the responder node;
obtaining the shared key based at least in part on the identifier of the shared key;
based on obtaining the shared key, building a message requesting initialization of the secure communication between the responder channel and the initiator channel, the message comprising an initiator nonce and an initiator security parameter index generated by the LKM for the secure communication; and
sending the message to the responder channel. 20. The computer system of claim 19, wherein the initiator node is a host computer and the responder node is a storage array. | Aspects of the invention include receiving a request from a responder channel on a responder node to initiate a secure communication with an initiator channel on an initiator node. The request includes an identifier of a shared key, and a nonce and security parameter index generated by the initiator node for the secure communication. The receiving is at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the responder node. A security association is created at the LKM between the initiator node and the responder node. The shared key is obtained based at least in part on the identifier of the shared key. Based on obtaining the shared key, a message requesting initialization of the secure communication between the responder channel and the initiator channel is built. The message includes an initiator nonce and an initiator security parameter index generated by the LKM for the secure communication.1. A computer program product for facilitating processing in a computing environment, the computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage medium readable by one or more processing circuits and storing instructions for performing operations comprising:
receiving a request from a responder channel on a responder node to initiate a secure communication with an initiator channel on an initiator node, the request comprising an identifier of a shared key, and a nonce and security parameter index generated by the initiator node for the secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the responder node;
creating a security association at the LKM between the initiator node and the responder node;
obtaining the shared key based at least in part on the identifier of the shared key;
based on obtaining the shared key, building a message requesting initialization of the secure communication between the responder channel and the initiator channel, the message comprising an initiator nonce and an initiator security parameter index generated by the LKM for the secure communication; and
sending the message to the responder channel. 2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise the responder channel sending the message to the initiator channel. 3. The computer program product of claim 2, wherein the sending the message to the initiator channel is via a storage area network (SAN). 4. The computer program product of claim 2, wherein the message sent to the initiator channel is unencrypted. 5. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein encryption and decryption of data sent between the responder and initiator channels is based at least in part on the nonce, the security parameter index, the shared key, the initiator nonce, and the initiator security parameter index. 6. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the shared key is obtained from a server that is remote from the initiator node and the responder node. 7. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the shared key is used for secure communications between all channels on the initiator and responder nodes. 8. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein encryption and decryption of data sent between the responder and initiator channels is based at least in part on the shared key. 9. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the shared key is unique in the computing environment to secure communications between the initiator node and the responder node. 10. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the initiator node is a host computer. 11. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the responder node is one of a host computer and a storage array. 12. A computer-implemented method of facilitating processing within a computing environment, the computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving a request from a responder channel on a responder node to initiate a secure communication with an initiator channel on an initiator node, the request comprising an identifier of a shared key, and a nonce and security parameter index generated by the initiator node for the secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the responder node; creating a security association at the LKM between the initiator node and the responder node; obtaining the shared key based at least in part on the identifier of the shared key; based on obtaining the shared key, building a message requesting initialization of the secure communication between the responder channel and the initiator channel, the message comprising an initiator nonce and an initiator security parameter index generated by the LKM for the secure communication; and sending the message to the responder channel. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein the method further comprises the responder channel sending the message to the initiator channel. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 13, wherein the sending the message to the initiator channel is via a storage area network (SAN). 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein encryption and decryption of data sent between the responder and initiator channels is based at least in part on the nonce, the security parameter index, the shared key, the initiator nonce, and the initiator security parameter index. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein the shared key is obtained from a server that is remote from the initiator node and the responder node. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 12, wherein the shared key is used for secure communications between all channels on the initiator and responder nodes. 18. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the initiator node is a host computer and the responder node is a storage array. 19. A computer system for facilitating processing within a computing environment, the computer system comprising:
a responder node; and a plurality of responder channels coupled to the responder node, wherein the computer system is configured to perform operations comprising:
receiving a request from a responder channel of the plurality of responder channels to initiate a secure communication with an initiator channel on an initiator node, the request comprising an identifier of a shared key, and a nonce and security parameter index generated by the initiator node for the secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the responder node;
creating a security association at the LKM between the initiator node and the responder node;
obtaining the shared key based at least in part on the identifier of the shared key;
based on obtaining the shared key, building a message requesting initialization of the secure communication between the responder channel and the initiator channel, the message comprising an initiator nonce and an initiator security parameter index generated by the LKM for the secure communication; and
sending the message to the responder channel. 20. The computer system of claim 19, wherein the initiator node is a host computer and the responder node is a storage array. | 3,700 |
341,061 | 16,801,343 | 3,786 | A detector used for tomography imaging is mobile, allowing the detector to move about an object (e.g., patient to be imaged). A swarm of such detectors, such as a swarm of drones with detectors, may be used for tomography imaging. The trajectory or trajectories of the mobile detectors may account for the pose and/or movement of the object being imaged. The trajectory or trajectories may be based, in part, on the sampling for desired tomography. An image of an internal region of the object is reconstructed from detected signals of the mobile detectors using tomography. | 1. A tomography medical imaging system comprising:
a plurality of separate vehicles, each of the separate vehicles independently movable in two or more dimensions, each of the separate vehicles having a detector; an image processor configured to generate a two or three-dimensional representation of an internal region of a patient by tomography from signals of the detectors; and a display configured to display an image of the two or three-dimensional representation of the internal region of the patient. 2. The tomography medical imaging system of claim 1 wherein the plurality comprises three or more of the separate vehicles. 3. The tomography medical imaging system of claim 1 wherein the separate vehicles comprise drones moveable in three dimensions. 4. The tomography medical imaging system of claim 1 wherein the separate vehicles comprise wheeled, tracked, or walking vehicles. 5. The tomography medical imaging system of claim 1 wherein the image processor is configured to control a trajectory of each of the separate vehicles, the trajectories based on a sampling pattern for the tomography. 6. The tomography medical imaging system of claim 1 wherein the detectors comprise solid state gamma ray detector. 7. The tomography medical imaging system of claim 1 wherein the separate vehicles are self-organizing. 8. The tomography medical imaging system of claim 1 wherein the separate vehicles are configured to travel to the patient from one room to another room. 9. The tomography medical imaging system of claim 1 wherein the display comprises an augmented reality display. 10. The tomography medical imaging system of claim 1 wherein the image processor is configured to reconstruct by the tomography iteratively, and control the trajectories of the separate vehicles based, at least in part, on a previous reconstruction by the tomography. 11. The tomography medical imaging system of claim 1 further comprising a transmitter on one of the separate vehicles of the plurality or on another vehicle, and wherein the detectors are configured to detect energy responsive to a transmission from the transmitter. 12. A method for medical tomography imaging, the method comprising:
moving a drone with a detector, the drone moving about a patient; sensing radiation from a patient with the detector during the moving; tomographically reconstructing an image of an internal region of the patient from the sensed radiation; and displaying the image. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein moving comprises moving the drone along a trajectory and sensing comprises sampling the radiation from different positions of the trajectory, and further comprising controlling the trajectory based on the sampling for the tomographically reconstructing. 14. The method of claim 12 wherein sensing comprises sensing with a solid-state nuclear detector. 15. The method of claim 12 further comprising moving other drones with other detectors, the drone and other drones comprising a self-organizing swarm. 16. The method of claim 12 wherein moving comprises moving based, at least in part, on movement by the patient. 17. The method of claim 12 wherein moving comprises the drone flying from a first location to a second location, the patient being at the second location. 18. A tomography imaging system comprising:
a swarm of mobile detectors, each of the mobile detectors independently movable in two or more dimensions; an image processor configured to generate, by tomography from signals from the mobile detectors, a two or three-dimensional representation of an internal region of an object; and a display configured to display an image of the object from the two or three-dimensional representation of the internal region. 19. The tomography imaging system of claim 18 wherein the object is a patient, and wherein the mobile detectors comprise drones with gamma ray detectors. 20. The tomography imaging system of claim 18 wherein the mobile detectors of the swarm are configured to follow trajectories based, at least in part, on sampling for the tomography. | A detector used for tomography imaging is mobile, allowing the detector to move about an object (e.g., patient to be imaged). A swarm of such detectors, such as a swarm of drones with detectors, may be used for tomography imaging. The trajectory or trajectories of the mobile detectors may account for the pose and/or movement of the object being imaged. The trajectory or trajectories may be based, in part, on the sampling for desired tomography. An image of an internal region of the object is reconstructed from detected signals of the mobile detectors using tomography.1. A tomography medical imaging system comprising:
a plurality of separate vehicles, each of the separate vehicles independently movable in two or more dimensions, each of the separate vehicles having a detector; an image processor configured to generate a two or three-dimensional representation of an internal region of a patient by tomography from signals of the detectors; and a display configured to display an image of the two or three-dimensional representation of the internal region of the patient. 2. The tomography medical imaging system of claim 1 wherein the plurality comprises three or more of the separate vehicles. 3. The tomography medical imaging system of claim 1 wherein the separate vehicles comprise drones moveable in three dimensions. 4. The tomography medical imaging system of claim 1 wherein the separate vehicles comprise wheeled, tracked, or walking vehicles. 5. The tomography medical imaging system of claim 1 wherein the image processor is configured to control a trajectory of each of the separate vehicles, the trajectories based on a sampling pattern for the tomography. 6. The tomography medical imaging system of claim 1 wherein the detectors comprise solid state gamma ray detector. 7. The tomography medical imaging system of claim 1 wherein the separate vehicles are self-organizing. 8. The tomography medical imaging system of claim 1 wherein the separate vehicles are configured to travel to the patient from one room to another room. 9. The tomography medical imaging system of claim 1 wherein the display comprises an augmented reality display. 10. The tomography medical imaging system of claim 1 wherein the image processor is configured to reconstruct by the tomography iteratively, and control the trajectories of the separate vehicles based, at least in part, on a previous reconstruction by the tomography. 11. The tomography medical imaging system of claim 1 further comprising a transmitter on one of the separate vehicles of the plurality or on another vehicle, and wherein the detectors are configured to detect energy responsive to a transmission from the transmitter. 12. A method for medical tomography imaging, the method comprising:
moving a drone with a detector, the drone moving about a patient; sensing radiation from a patient with the detector during the moving; tomographically reconstructing an image of an internal region of the patient from the sensed radiation; and displaying the image. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein moving comprises moving the drone along a trajectory and sensing comprises sampling the radiation from different positions of the trajectory, and further comprising controlling the trajectory based on the sampling for the tomographically reconstructing. 14. The method of claim 12 wherein sensing comprises sensing with a solid-state nuclear detector. 15. The method of claim 12 further comprising moving other drones with other detectors, the drone and other drones comprising a self-organizing swarm. 16. The method of claim 12 wherein moving comprises moving based, at least in part, on movement by the patient. 17. The method of claim 12 wherein moving comprises the drone flying from a first location to a second location, the patient being at the second location. 18. A tomography imaging system comprising:
a swarm of mobile detectors, each of the mobile detectors independently movable in two or more dimensions; an image processor configured to generate, by tomography from signals from the mobile detectors, a two or three-dimensional representation of an internal region of an object; and a display configured to display an image of the object from the two or three-dimensional representation of the internal region. 19. The tomography imaging system of claim 18 wherein the object is a patient, and wherein the mobile detectors comprise drones with gamma ray detectors. 20. The tomography imaging system of claim 18 wherein the mobile detectors of the swarm are configured to follow trajectories based, at least in part, on sampling for the tomography. | 3,700 |
341,062 | 16,801,339 | 3,786 | A voltage supply circuit that supplies a voltage to a liquid-crystal panel (10) including a common electrode (30) common to a plurality of pixels is provided with a common voltage generation circuit (310) that generates a common voltage (VCOM) to be supplied to the common electrode 30, an output terminal (320) from which the common voltage (VCOM) is output to the liquid-crystal panel (10), an input terminal (360) to which a voltage of the common electrode (30) detected in the liquid-crystal panel (10) is input as a detection voltage (VCOM_IN), and a first determination circuit (353) that determines whether or not the detection voltage (VCOM_IN) input to the input terminal (360) is normal. | 1. A voltage supply circuit that supplies a voltage to a liquid-crystal panel including a common electrode common to a plurality of pixels, the voltage supply circuit comprising:
a common voltage generation circuit configured to generate a common voltage to be supplied to the common electrode; an output terminal from which the common voltage is output to the liquid-crystal panel; an input terminal to which a voltage of the common electrode in the liquid-crystal panel is input as a detection voltage; and a first determination circuit configured to determine whether or not the detection voltage input to the input terminal is normal. 2. The voltage supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first determination circuit determines that the detection voltage is normal if the detection voltage is less than or equal to a first reference voltage and greater than or equal to a second reference voltage. 3. The voltage supply circuit according to claim 2, further comprising a first reference voltage generation circuit configured to generate the first reference voltage that is higher than the common voltage by a first voltage and the second reference voltage that is lower than the common voltage by a second voltage. 4. The voltage supply circuit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second determination circuit that determines whether or not the common voltage is normal; and a specifying circuit that specifies that an anomaly is present in the liquid-crystal panel if a determination result of the first determination circuit is negative, and an anomaly is present in the common voltage generation circuit if the determination result of the first determination circuit is positive and a determination result of the second determination circuit is negative. 5. The voltage supply circuit according to claim 4,
wherein the common voltage generation circuit is configured to generate the common voltage based on a result of comparison between a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the common voltage at a predetermined voltage dividing ratio and a constant voltage, the voltage supply circuit includes a second reference voltage generation circuit that generates a third reference voltage that is higher than the constant voltage by a third voltage and a fourth reference voltage that is lower than the constant voltage by a fourth voltage; and the second determination circuit determines that the common voltage is normal if a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the detection voltage at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio is less than or equal to the third reference voltage and greater than or equal to the fourth reference voltage. 6. The voltage supply circuit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second reference voltage generation circuit configured to generate a third reference voltage that is higher than a constant voltage by a third voltage and a fourth reference voltage that is lower than the constant voltage by a fourth voltage; a first selection circuit to which a first set of a first reference voltage and a second reference voltage and a second set of the third reference voltage and the fourth reference voltage are input, and that is configured to output the first set to the first determination circuit in a first period and output the second set to the first determination circuit in a second period; and a second selection circuit to which the detection voltage and a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the detection voltage at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio are input, and that is configured to output the detection voltage to the first determination circuit in the first period, and output the voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the detection voltage at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio to the first determination circuit in the second period, wherein the first determination circuit determines that the detection voltage is normal if the detection voltage output from the second selection circuit in the first period is in a range of the first set of the reference voltages, and determines that the common voltage is normal if the voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the detection voltage at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio that is output from the second selection circuit in the second period is in a range of the second set of the reference voltages. 7. The voltage supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first determination circuit determines that the detection voltage is normal if the detection voltage is less than or equal to a fifth reference voltage or greater than or equal to a sixth reference voltage. 8. The voltage supply circuit according to claim 7,
wherein the common voltage generation circuit is configured to generate the common voltage based on a result of comparison between a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the common voltage at a predetermined voltage dividing ratio and a constant voltage, and the voltage supply circuit includes: a second determination circuit that determines that the common voltage is normal if a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the detection voltage at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio is less than or equal to a seventh reference voltage or greater than or equal to an eighth reference voltage; and a specifying circuit specifies that an anomaly is present in the liquid-crystal panel if a determination result of the first determination circuit is negative, and specifies that an anomaly is present in the common voltage generation circuit if the determination result of the first determination circuit is positive and a determination result of the second determination circuit is negative. 9. The voltage supply circuit according to claim 7,
wherein the common voltage generation circuit is configured to generate the common voltage based on a result of comparison between a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the common voltage at a predetermined voltage dividing ratio and a constant voltage, and the voltage supply circuit includes: a second determination circuit that determines that the common voltage is normal if a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the common voltage at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio is less than or equal to a seventh reference voltage or greater than or equal to an eighth reference voltage; and a specifying circuit that specifies that an anomaly is present in the liquid-crystal panel if a determination result of the first determination circuit is negative and a determination result of the second determination circuit is positive, and specifies that an anomaly is present in the common voltage generation circuit if the determination result of the second determination circuit is negative. 10. A voltage supply circuit that supplies a voltage to a liquid-crystal panel including a common electrode common to a plurality of pixels, the voltage supply circuit comprising:
a common voltage generation circuit configured to generate a common voltage to be supplied to the common electrode; an output terminal from which the common voltage is output to the liquid-crystal panel; and an input terminal to which a voltage of the common electrode in the liquid-crystal panel is input as a detection voltage, wherein the common voltage generation circuit is configured to generate the common voltage based on a result of comparison between a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the common voltage at a predetermined voltage dividing ratio and a constant voltage, and the voltage supply circuit includes: a second reference voltage generation circuit configured to generate a third reference voltage that is higher than the constant voltage by a third voltage and a fourth reference voltage that is lower than the constant voltage by a fourth voltage; a third determination circuit that determines that the detection voltage is normal if a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the detection voltage input to the input terminal at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio is less than or equal to the third reference voltage and greater than or equal to the fourth reference voltage; a fourth determination circuit that determines that the common voltage is normal if a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the common voltage at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio is less than or equal to the third reference voltage and greater than or equal to the fourth reference voltage; and a specifying circuit that specifies that an anomaly is present in the liquid-crystal panel if a determination result of the third determination circuit is negative and a determination result of the fourth determination circuit is positive, and specifies that an anomaly is present in the common voltage generation circuit if the determination result of the fourth determination circuit is negative. 11. A voltage supply circuit that supplies a voltage to a liquid-crystal panel including a common electrode common to a plurality of pixels, the voltage supply circuit comprising:
a common voltage generation circuit configured to generate a common voltage to be supplied to the common electrode; an output terminal from which the common voltage is output to the liquid-crystal panel; and an input terminal to which a voltage of the common electrode in the liquid-crystal panel is input as a detection voltage, wherein the common voltage generation circuit is configured to generate the common voltage based on a result of comparison between a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the common voltage at a predetermined voltage dividing ratio and a constant voltage, and the voltage supply circuit includes: a second reference voltage generation circuit configured to generate a third reference voltage that is higher than the constant voltage by a third voltage and a fourth reference voltage that is lower than the constant voltage by a fourth voltage; a fifth determination circuit that determines that the liquid-crystal panel is normal if a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the common voltage at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio is greater than or equal to a first value and less than or equal to a second value of a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the detection voltage input to the input terminal at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio; a sixth determination circuit that determines that the detection voltage is normal if the voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the detection voltage input to the input terminal at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio is less than or equal to the third reference voltage and greater than or equal to the fourth reference voltage; and a specifying circuit that specifies that an anomaly is present in the liquid-crystal panel if a determination result of the fifth determination circuit is negative, and an anomaly is present in the common voltage generation circuit if the determination result of the fifth determination circuit is positive and a determination result of the sixth determination circuit is negative. 12. A liquid crystal device comprising:
the voltage supply circuit according to claim 1; and a liquid-crystal panel including a common electrode common to a plurality of pixels. 13. The liquid crystal device according to claim 12,
wherein the common electrode includes: a first connection portion that is electrically connected to the output terminal and is arranged on one side of the common electrode, and a second connection portion that is electrically connected to the input terminal and is arranged on a side different from the one side of the common electrode. 14. An electronic apparatus comprising the liquid crystal device according to claim 12. 15. A mobile body comprising the electronic apparatus according to claim 14. | A voltage supply circuit that supplies a voltage to a liquid-crystal panel (10) including a common electrode (30) common to a plurality of pixels is provided with a common voltage generation circuit (310) that generates a common voltage (VCOM) to be supplied to the common electrode 30, an output terminal (320) from which the common voltage (VCOM) is output to the liquid-crystal panel (10), an input terminal (360) to which a voltage of the common electrode (30) detected in the liquid-crystal panel (10) is input as a detection voltage (VCOM_IN), and a first determination circuit (353) that determines whether or not the detection voltage (VCOM_IN) input to the input terminal (360) is normal.1. A voltage supply circuit that supplies a voltage to a liquid-crystal panel including a common electrode common to a plurality of pixels, the voltage supply circuit comprising:
a common voltage generation circuit configured to generate a common voltage to be supplied to the common electrode; an output terminal from which the common voltage is output to the liquid-crystal panel; an input terminal to which a voltage of the common electrode in the liquid-crystal panel is input as a detection voltage; and a first determination circuit configured to determine whether or not the detection voltage input to the input terminal is normal. 2. The voltage supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first determination circuit determines that the detection voltage is normal if the detection voltage is less than or equal to a first reference voltage and greater than or equal to a second reference voltage. 3. The voltage supply circuit according to claim 2, further comprising a first reference voltage generation circuit configured to generate the first reference voltage that is higher than the common voltage by a first voltage and the second reference voltage that is lower than the common voltage by a second voltage. 4. The voltage supply circuit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second determination circuit that determines whether or not the common voltage is normal; and a specifying circuit that specifies that an anomaly is present in the liquid-crystal panel if a determination result of the first determination circuit is negative, and an anomaly is present in the common voltage generation circuit if the determination result of the first determination circuit is positive and a determination result of the second determination circuit is negative. 5. The voltage supply circuit according to claim 4,
wherein the common voltage generation circuit is configured to generate the common voltage based on a result of comparison between a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the common voltage at a predetermined voltage dividing ratio and a constant voltage, the voltage supply circuit includes a second reference voltage generation circuit that generates a third reference voltage that is higher than the constant voltage by a third voltage and a fourth reference voltage that is lower than the constant voltage by a fourth voltage; and the second determination circuit determines that the common voltage is normal if a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the detection voltage at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio is less than or equal to the third reference voltage and greater than or equal to the fourth reference voltage. 6. The voltage supply circuit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second reference voltage generation circuit configured to generate a third reference voltage that is higher than a constant voltage by a third voltage and a fourth reference voltage that is lower than the constant voltage by a fourth voltage; a first selection circuit to which a first set of a first reference voltage and a second reference voltage and a second set of the third reference voltage and the fourth reference voltage are input, and that is configured to output the first set to the first determination circuit in a first period and output the second set to the first determination circuit in a second period; and a second selection circuit to which the detection voltage and a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the detection voltage at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio are input, and that is configured to output the detection voltage to the first determination circuit in the first period, and output the voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the detection voltage at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio to the first determination circuit in the second period, wherein the first determination circuit determines that the detection voltage is normal if the detection voltage output from the second selection circuit in the first period is in a range of the first set of the reference voltages, and determines that the common voltage is normal if the voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the detection voltage at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio that is output from the second selection circuit in the second period is in a range of the second set of the reference voltages. 7. The voltage supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first determination circuit determines that the detection voltage is normal if the detection voltage is less than or equal to a fifth reference voltage or greater than or equal to a sixth reference voltage. 8. The voltage supply circuit according to claim 7,
wherein the common voltage generation circuit is configured to generate the common voltage based on a result of comparison between a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the common voltage at a predetermined voltage dividing ratio and a constant voltage, and the voltage supply circuit includes: a second determination circuit that determines that the common voltage is normal if a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the detection voltage at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio is less than or equal to a seventh reference voltage or greater than or equal to an eighth reference voltage; and a specifying circuit specifies that an anomaly is present in the liquid-crystal panel if a determination result of the first determination circuit is negative, and specifies that an anomaly is present in the common voltage generation circuit if the determination result of the first determination circuit is positive and a determination result of the second determination circuit is negative. 9. The voltage supply circuit according to claim 7,
wherein the common voltage generation circuit is configured to generate the common voltage based on a result of comparison between a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the common voltage at a predetermined voltage dividing ratio and a constant voltage, and the voltage supply circuit includes: a second determination circuit that determines that the common voltage is normal if a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the common voltage at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio is less than or equal to a seventh reference voltage or greater than or equal to an eighth reference voltage; and a specifying circuit that specifies that an anomaly is present in the liquid-crystal panel if a determination result of the first determination circuit is negative and a determination result of the second determination circuit is positive, and specifies that an anomaly is present in the common voltage generation circuit if the determination result of the second determination circuit is negative. 10. A voltage supply circuit that supplies a voltage to a liquid-crystal panel including a common electrode common to a plurality of pixels, the voltage supply circuit comprising:
a common voltage generation circuit configured to generate a common voltage to be supplied to the common electrode; an output terminal from which the common voltage is output to the liquid-crystal panel; and an input terminal to which a voltage of the common electrode in the liquid-crystal panel is input as a detection voltage, wherein the common voltage generation circuit is configured to generate the common voltage based on a result of comparison between a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the common voltage at a predetermined voltage dividing ratio and a constant voltage, and the voltage supply circuit includes: a second reference voltage generation circuit configured to generate a third reference voltage that is higher than the constant voltage by a third voltage and a fourth reference voltage that is lower than the constant voltage by a fourth voltage; a third determination circuit that determines that the detection voltage is normal if a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the detection voltage input to the input terminal at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio is less than or equal to the third reference voltage and greater than or equal to the fourth reference voltage; a fourth determination circuit that determines that the common voltage is normal if a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the common voltage at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio is less than or equal to the third reference voltage and greater than or equal to the fourth reference voltage; and a specifying circuit that specifies that an anomaly is present in the liquid-crystal panel if a determination result of the third determination circuit is negative and a determination result of the fourth determination circuit is positive, and specifies that an anomaly is present in the common voltage generation circuit if the determination result of the fourth determination circuit is negative. 11. A voltage supply circuit that supplies a voltage to a liquid-crystal panel including a common electrode common to a plurality of pixels, the voltage supply circuit comprising:
a common voltage generation circuit configured to generate a common voltage to be supplied to the common electrode; an output terminal from which the common voltage is output to the liquid-crystal panel; and an input terminal to which a voltage of the common electrode in the liquid-crystal panel is input as a detection voltage, wherein the common voltage generation circuit is configured to generate the common voltage based on a result of comparison between a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the common voltage at a predetermined voltage dividing ratio and a constant voltage, and the voltage supply circuit includes: a second reference voltage generation circuit configured to generate a third reference voltage that is higher than the constant voltage by a third voltage and a fourth reference voltage that is lower than the constant voltage by a fourth voltage; a fifth determination circuit that determines that the liquid-crystal panel is normal if a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the common voltage at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio is greater than or equal to a first value and less than or equal to a second value of a voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the detection voltage input to the input terminal at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio; a sixth determination circuit that determines that the detection voltage is normal if the voltage obtained by voltage-dividing the detection voltage input to the input terminal at the predetermined voltage dividing ratio is less than or equal to the third reference voltage and greater than or equal to the fourth reference voltage; and a specifying circuit that specifies that an anomaly is present in the liquid-crystal panel if a determination result of the fifth determination circuit is negative, and an anomaly is present in the common voltage generation circuit if the determination result of the fifth determination circuit is positive and a determination result of the sixth determination circuit is negative. 12. A liquid crystal device comprising:
the voltage supply circuit according to claim 1; and a liquid-crystal panel including a common electrode common to a plurality of pixels. 13. The liquid crystal device according to claim 12,
wherein the common electrode includes: a first connection portion that is electrically connected to the output terminal and is arranged on one side of the common electrode, and a second connection portion that is electrically connected to the input terminal and is arranged on a side different from the one side of the common electrode. 14. An electronic apparatus comprising the liquid crystal device according to claim 12. 15. A mobile body comprising the electronic apparatus according to claim 14. | 3,700 |
341,063 | 16,801,326 | 3,786 | According to an embodiment, a document analysis device includes one or more hardware processors configured to function as a sentence extraction unit, an analysis unit, a neural network unit. The analysis unit generates, for each of sentences, initial element information representing an initial value of relevance to each of predetermined attribute items. The neural network unit receives sentence information and outputs execution result of a main task on the target document, for each of the sentences. The neural network unit includes an attention unit and a main task execution. The attention receives the sentence information and the initial element information, calculates an attention weight and outputs attention information according to the attention weight, for each of the sentences. The main task execution unit executes the main task based on the attention information for each of the sentences. | 1. A document analysis device comprising:
one or more hardware processors configured to function as:
a sentence extraction unit configured to extract a plurality of sentences in a target document;
an analysis unit configured to generate, for each of the plurality of sentences, initial element information representing an initial value of relevance to each of a plurality of predetermined attribute items; and
a neural network unit configured to receive sentence information representing content of an included text and the initial element information, and output a result of executing a main task on the target document, for each of the plurality of sentences, wherein
the neural network unit comprises:
an attention unit configured to receive the sentence information and the initial element information, calculate an attention weight representing an estimated value of relevance to each of the plurality of attribute items, and output attention information according to the attention weight, for each of the plurality of sentences; and
a main task execution unit configured to execute the main task based on the attention information for each of the plurality of sentences. 2. The document analysis device according to claim 1, wherein any one of the plurality of attribute items is an item representing a role of the sentence in the document, an item representing a structure of an area including the sentence in the document, or an item representing character decoration included in the sentence. 3. The document analysis device according to claim 2, wherein
the one or more hardware processors are configured to further function as: a sentence application unit configured to provide, to the neural network unit, the initial element information and the sentence information corresponding to a target sentence in a plurality of sentences included in a training document, during learning; and an attention weight output unit configured to output, as the attention weight, a plurality of values output from a normalization layer included in the attention unit, when the initial element information and the sentence information corresponding to the target sentence are provided to the neural network unit, during the learning. 4. The document analysis device according to claim 1, wherein
the neural network unit executes, on the target document, the main task and a subtask that is different from the main task, and the neural network unit further comprises a subtask execution unit configured to execute the subtask based on the attention information estimated by the attention unit for each of the plurality of sentences. 5. A learning device that trains a document analysis device, the document analysis device comprising:
one or more hardware processors configured to function as:
a sentence extraction unit configured to extract a plurality of sentences included in a target document,
an analysis unit configured to generate, for each of the plurality of sentences, initial element information representing an initial value of relevance to each of a plurality of predetermined attribute items, and
a neural network unit configured to receive sentence information representing content of an included text and the initial element information, and output a result of executing a main task on the target document, for each of the plurality of sentences, wherein
the neural network unit comprises:
an attention unit configured to receive the sentence information and the initial element information, calculate an attention weight representing an estimated value of relevance to each of the plurality of attribute items, and output attention information according to the attention weight, for each of the plurality of sentences, and
a main task execution unit configured to execute the main task based on the attention information for each of the plurality of sentences, and
the learning device comprises:
one or more hardware processors configured to function as:
a main learning unit configured to train the neural network unit based on teacher data including a training document and correct data representing an execution result of the main task execution unit; and
an attention adjustment unit configured to adjust a parameter included in the attention unit, wherein
the attention adjustment unit comprises:
an application control unit configured to cause application of the initial element information and the sentence information corresponding to one target sentence in a plurality of sentences included in the training document, to the neural network unit,
an attention weight acquisition unit configured to acquire the attention weight output from a normalization layer included in the attention unit, when the initial element information and the sentence information corresponding to the target sentence are applied to the neural network unit, and
a parameter adjustment unit configured to adjust a plurality of parameters set to the attention unit, based on an error evaluation value for the attention weight. 6. The learning device according to claim 5, wherein
the one or more hardware processors of the learning device are configured to further function as:
an attention weight display control unit configured to cause a display device to display, for each of the plurality of attribute items, an estimated value of relevance represented by the attention weight and a label representing content in association with each other; and
an evaluation value reception unit configured to receive the error evaluation value for the attention weight that is input by a user. 7. The learning device according to claim 6, wherein
the one or more hardware processors of the learning device are configured to further function as:
a sentence display control unit configured to cause the display device to display the plurality of sentence included in the training document; and
a sentence reception unit configured to receive an operation of designating the target sentence by the user, from the plurality of sentences displayed on the display device. 8. The learning device according to claim 5, wherein
the one or more hardware processors of the learning device are configured to further function as
an attention error evaluation unit configured to calculate the error evaluation value for the attention weight, based on the attention weight acquired and attention correct data that is generated in advance and represents a correct value of the attention weight corresponding to the target sentence, wherein
the parameter adjustment unit trains the attention unit based on the error evaluation value calculated for the attention weight. 9. The learning device according to claim 5, wherein
the one or more hardware processors of the learning device are configured to further function as
a control unit configured to perform controlling to train the neural network unit by the main learning unit or to adjust the parameters of the attention unit by the attention adjustment unit, wherein
the control unit causes the attention adjustment unit to adjust the parameters of the attention unit every time training of the neural network unit by the main learning unit satisfies a predetermined condition. 10. The learning device according to claim 9, wherein
the neural network unit executes, on the target document, the main task and a subtask that is different from the main task, the neural network unit further comprises a subtask execution unit configured to execute the subtask based on the attention information estimated by the attention unit for each of the plurality of sentences, the one or more hardware processors of the learning device are further function as a sub-learning unit that trains the neural network unit based on teacher data including the training document and correct data representing an execution result of the subtask execution unit, and the control unit performs controlling to train the neural network unit by the main learning unit, to train the neural network unit by the sub-learning unit, or to adjust the parameters of the attention unit by the attention adjustment unit. 11. The learning device according to claim 10, wherein the control unit
causes the training of the neural network unit by the main learning unit and the training of the neural network unit by the sub-learning unit to be alternately executed by switching between both trainings according to a predetermined condition, and causes the attention adjustment unit to adjust the parameters of the attention unit every time the trainings of the neural network unit by the main learning unit and by the sub-learning unit satisfy a predetermined condition. 12. A document analysis method executed by an information processing device, the document analysis method comprising:
by the information processing device, extracting a plurality of sentences included in a target document; by the information processing device, generating, for each of the plurality of sentences, initial element information representing an initial value of relevance to each of a plurality of predetermined attribute items; and by the information processing device, outputting an analysis of the target document using a neural network unit configured to receive sentence information representing content of an included text and the initial element information, and output a result of executing a main task on the target document, for each of the plurality of sentences, wherein the neural network unit comprises:
an attention unit configured to receive the sentence information and the initial element information, calculate an attention weight representing an estimated value of relevance to each of the plurality of attribute items, and output attention information according to the attention weight, for each of the plurality of sentences; and
a main task execution unit configured to execute the main task based on the attention information for each of the plurality of sentences. 13. A learning method for training a document analysis device by an information processing device, the document analysis device including one or more hardware processors configured to function as:
a sentence extraction unit configured to extract a plurality of sentences included in a target document, an analysis unit configured to generate, for each of the plurality of sentences, initial element information representing an initial value of relevance to each of a plurality of predetermined attribute items, and a neural network unit configured to receive sentence information representing content of an included text and the initial element information, and output a result of executing a main task on the target document, for each of the plurality of sentences, the neural network unit including:
an attention unit configured to receive the sentence information and the initial element information, calculate an attention weight representing an estimated value of relevance to each of the plurality of attribute items, and output attention information according to the attention weight, for each of the plurality of sentences, and
a main task execution unit configured to execute the main task based on the attention information for each of the plurality of sentences,
the learning method comprising:
by the information processing device, training the neural network unit based on teacher data including a training document and correct data representing an execution result of the main task execution unit; and
by the information processing device, adjusting a parameter included in the attention unit, wherein in the adjusting of the parameter,
the learning method causes, by the information processing device, application of the initial element information and the sentence information corresponding to one target sentence in a plurality of sentences included in the training document, to the neural network unit,
the learning method acquires, by the information processing device, the attention weight output from a normalization layer included in the attention unit, when the initial element information and the sentence information corresponding to the target sentence are applied to the neural network unit, and
the learning method adjusts, by the information processing device, a plurality of parameters set to the attention unit, based on an error evaluation value for the attention weight. | According to an embodiment, a document analysis device includes one or more hardware processors configured to function as a sentence extraction unit, an analysis unit, a neural network unit. The analysis unit generates, for each of sentences, initial element information representing an initial value of relevance to each of predetermined attribute items. The neural network unit receives sentence information and outputs execution result of a main task on the target document, for each of the sentences. The neural network unit includes an attention unit and a main task execution. The attention receives the sentence information and the initial element information, calculates an attention weight and outputs attention information according to the attention weight, for each of the sentences. The main task execution unit executes the main task based on the attention information for each of the sentences.1. A document analysis device comprising:
one or more hardware processors configured to function as:
a sentence extraction unit configured to extract a plurality of sentences in a target document;
an analysis unit configured to generate, for each of the plurality of sentences, initial element information representing an initial value of relevance to each of a plurality of predetermined attribute items; and
a neural network unit configured to receive sentence information representing content of an included text and the initial element information, and output a result of executing a main task on the target document, for each of the plurality of sentences, wherein
the neural network unit comprises:
an attention unit configured to receive the sentence information and the initial element information, calculate an attention weight representing an estimated value of relevance to each of the plurality of attribute items, and output attention information according to the attention weight, for each of the plurality of sentences; and
a main task execution unit configured to execute the main task based on the attention information for each of the plurality of sentences. 2. The document analysis device according to claim 1, wherein any one of the plurality of attribute items is an item representing a role of the sentence in the document, an item representing a structure of an area including the sentence in the document, or an item representing character decoration included in the sentence. 3. The document analysis device according to claim 2, wherein
the one or more hardware processors are configured to further function as: a sentence application unit configured to provide, to the neural network unit, the initial element information and the sentence information corresponding to a target sentence in a plurality of sentences included in a training document, during learning; and an attention weight output unit configured to output, as the attention weight, a plurality of values output from a normalization layer included in the attention unit, when the initial element information and the sentence information corresponding to the target sentence are provided to the neural network unit, during the learning. 4. The document analysis device according to claim 1, wherein
the neural network unit executes, on the target document, the main task and a subtask that is different from the main task, and the neural network unit further comprises a subtask execution unit configured to execute the subtask based on the attention information estimated by the attention unit for each of the plurality of sentences. 5. A learning device that trains a document analysis device, the document analysis device comprising:
one or more hardware processors configured to function as:
a sentence extraction unit configured to extract a plurality of sentences included in a target document,
an analysis unit configured to generate, for each of the plurality of sentences, initial element information representing an initial value of relevance to each of a plurality of predetermined attribute items, and
a neural network unit configured to receive sentence information representing content of an included text and the initial element information, and output a result of executing a main task on the target document, for each of the plurality of sentences, wherein
the neural network unit comprises:
an attention unit configured to receive the sentence information and the initial element information, calculate an attention weight representing an estimated value of relevance to each of the plurality of attribute items, and output attention information according to the attention weight, for each of the plurality of sentences, and
a main task execution unit configured to execute the main task based on the attention information for each of the plurality of sentences, and
the learning device comprises:
one or more hardware processors configured to function as:
a main learning unit configured to train the neural network unit based on teacher data including a training document and correct data representing an execution result of the main task execution unit; and
an attention adjustment unit configured to adjust a parameter included in the attention unit, wherein
the attention adjustment unit comprises:
an application control unit configured to cause application of the initial element information and the sentence information corresponding to one target sentence in a plurality of sentences included in the training document, to the neural network unit,
an attention weight acquisition unit configured to acquire the attention weight output from a normalization layer included in the attention unit, when the initial element information and the sentence information corresponding to the target sentence are applied to the neural network unit, and
a parameter adjustment unit configured to adjust a plurality of parameters set to the attention unit, based on an error evaluation value for the attention weight. 6. The learning device according to claim 5, wherein
the one or more hardware processors of the learning device are configured to further function as:
an attention weight display control unit configured to cause a display device to display, for each of the plurality of attribute items, an estimated value of relevance represented by the attention weight and a label representing content in association with each other; and
an evaluation value reception unit configured to receive the error evaluation value for the attention weight that is input by a user. 7. The learning device according to claim 6, wherein
the one or more hardware processors of the learning device are configured to further function as:
a sentence display control unit configured to cause the display device to display the plurality of sentence included in the training document; and
a sentence reception unit configured to receive an operation of designating the target sentence by the user, from the plurality of sentences displayed on the display device. 8. The learning device according to claim 5, wherein
the one or more hardware processors of the learning device are configured to further function as
an attention error evaluation unit configured to calculate the error evaluation value for the attention weight, based on the attention weight acquired and attention correct data that is generated in advance and represents a correct value of the attention weight corresponding to the target sentence, wherein
the parameter adjustment unit trains the attention unit based on the error evaluation value calculated for the attention weight. 9. The learning device according to claim 5, wherein
the one or more hardware processors of the learning device are configured to further function as
a control unit configured to perform controlling to train the neural network unit by the main learning unit or to adjust the parameters of the attention unit by the attention adjustment unit, wherein
the control unit causes the attention adjustment unit to adjust the parameters of the attention unit every time training of the neural network unit by the main learning unit satisfies a predetermined condition. 10. The learning device according to claim 9, wherein
the neural network unit executes, on the target document, the main task and a subtask that is different from the main task, the neural network unit further comprises a subtask execution unit configured to execute the subtask based on the attention information estimated by the attention unit for each of the plurality of sentences, the one or more hardware processors of the learning device are further function as a sub-learning unit that trains the neural network unit based on teacher data including the training document and correct data representing an execution result of the subtask execution unit, and the control unit performs controlling to train the neural network unit by the main learning unit, to train the neural network unit by the sub-learning unit, or to adjust the parameters of the attention unit by the attention adjustment unit. 11. The learning device according to claim 10, wherein the control unit
causes the training of the neural network unit by the main learning unit and the training of the neural network unit by the sub-learning unit to be alternately executed by switching between both trainings according to a predetermined condition, and causes the attention adjustment unit to adjust the parameters of the attention unit every time the trainings of the neural network unit by the main learning unit and by the sub-learning unit satisfy a predetermined condition. 12. A document analysis method executed by an information processing device, the document analysis method comprising:
by the information processing device, extracting a plurality of sentences included in a target document; by the information processing device, generating, for each of the plurality of sentences, initial element information representing an initial value of relevance to each of a plurality of predetermined attribute items; and by the information processing device, outputting an analysis of the target document using a neural network unit configured to receive sentence information representing content of an included text and the initial element information, and output a result of executing a main task on the target document, for each of the plurality of sentences, wherein the neural network unit comprises:
an attention unit configured to receive the sentence information and the initial element information, calculate an attention weight representing an estimated value of relevance to each of the plurality of attribute items, and output attention information according to the attention weight, for each of the plurality of sentences; and
a main task execution unit configured to execute the main task based on the attention information for each of the plurality of sentences. 13. A learning method for training a document analysis device by an information processing device, the document analysis device including one or more hardware processors configured to function as:
a sentence extraction unit configured to extract a plurality of sentences included in a target document, an analysis unit configured to generate, for each of the plurality of sentences, initial element information representing an initial value of relevance to each of a plurality of predetermined attribute items, and a neural network unit configured to receive sentence information representing content of an included text and the initial element information, and output a result of executing a main task on the target document, for each of the plurality of sentences, the neural network unit including:
an attention unit configured to receive the sentence information and the initial element information, calculate an attention weight representing an estimated value of relevance to each of the plurality of attribute items, and output attention information according to the attention weight, for each of the plurality of sentences, and
a main task execution unit configured to execute the main task based on the attention information for each of the plurality of sentences,
the learning method comprising:
by the information processing device, training the neural network unit based on teacher data including a training document and correct data representing an execution result of the main task execution unit; and
by the information processing device, adjusting a parameter included in the attention unit, wherein in the adjusting of the parameter,
the learning method causes, by the information processing device, application of the initial element information and the sentence information corresponding to one target sentence in a plurality of sentences included in the training document, to the neural network unit,
the learning method acquires, by the information processing device, the attention weight output from a normalization layer included in the attention unit, when the initial element information and the sentence information corresponding to the target sentence are applied to the neural network unit, and
the learning method adjusts, by the information processing device, a plurality of parameters set to the attention unit, based on an error evaluation value for the attention weight. | 3,700 |
341,064 | 16,801,345 | 3,786 | A replacement exhaust manifold for retrofitting a turbocharger to an engine includes a central channel body, an exhaust connection, a turbo connection, and a plurality of exhaust ports. The central channel body has a first end and a second end. The exhaust connection is connected to the first end of the central channel body. The exhaust connection is configured to be attached to an exhaust system for the engine. The turbo connection is connected to the second end of the central channel body. The turbo connection is configured to be attached to the turbocharger. The plurality of exhaust ports are along the central channel body. Each of the exhaust ports are configured to be attached to a corresponding exhaust outlet port on a cylinder head of the engine. Wherein, the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to be attached to the engine for retrofitting the turbocharger to the engine. | 1. A replacement exhaust manifold for retrofitting a turbocharger to an engine comprising:
a central channel body having a first end and a second end; an exhaust connection connected to the first end of the central channel body, the exhaust connection is configured to be attached to an exhaust system for the engine; a turbo connection connected to the second end of the central channel body, the turbo connection is configured to be attached to the turbocharger; and a plurality of exhaust ports along the central channel body, each of the exhaust ports are configured to be attached to a corresponding exhaust outlet port on a cylinder head of the engine; wherein, the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to be attached to the engine for retrofitting the turbocharger to the engine. 2. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to replace an original equipment exhaust manifold for retrofitting the turbocharger to the engine. 3. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein the engine is a 6.2 non-turbo diesel engine or a 6.5 non-turbo diesel engine of a civilian or military high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle, and the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to be mounted on a right side cylinder head of the 6.2 non-turbo diesel engine or the 6.5 non-turbo diesel engine, wherein the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to work within tight confines of under-hood area on a vehicle housing the engine, where the replacement exhaust manifold is designed to make acceptable clearance to all under-hood obstacles and allow the retrofitted turbocharger to function on such civilian or military high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle. 4. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to facilitate collection of exhaust gases of the engine and route such exhaust gases through the turbo connection, thereby resulting in an increase in power from the engine via the retrofitted turbocharger, wherein the replacement exhaust manifold receives incoming exhaust gases and channels them to the retrofitted turbocharger, thereby resulting in available boost and additional power for the engine. 5. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to allow a self-contained bolt-on product to facilitate retrofitting the turbocharger to the engine. 6. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to allow the engine to be retrofitted with the turbocharger without the need to replace the engine, replace an engine cover, lift a truck body in order for to retrofit the turbocharger to the engine. 7. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein the replacement exhaust manifold is made of a cast ductile iron. 8. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein the exhaust connection is a triangular flange configured to attach to the exhaust system of the engine. 9. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 8, wherein the exhaust connection including a circular channel and three exhaust holes through the triangular flange at each triangle corner of the triangular flange, whereby the triangular flange are configured to be bolted to the exhaust system via three exhaust bolts where the circular channel is configured to be sealed to the exhaust system. 10. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein the exhaust connection is connected to the first end of the central channel body via an S-shaped connection configured to lower the exhaust connection below the central channel body, wherein an exhaust end port of one of the plurality of exhaust ports is positioned along the S-shaped connection. 11. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein the plurality of exhaust ports including four exhaust ports, one exhaust port for each of four corresponding exhaust outlet ports of the right-hand side cylinder head of a 6.2 non-turbo diesel engine or a 6.5 non-turbo diesel engine. 12. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein each of the exhaust ports including a diamond shaped flange configured to attach to one of a plurality of corresponding exhaust outlet ports of a right-hand side cylinder head of the engine. 13. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 11, wherein each of the exhaust ports including a curved rectangular channel protruding from the central channel body and terminating with the diamond shaped flange, and each of the diamond shaped flanges including a first notch at one diamond corner and a second notch at an opposite diamond corner, whereby each of the diamond shaped flanges are configured to be bolted to one of the corresponding exhaust outlet ports of the right-hand side cylinder head of the engine via two cylinder bolts through the first notch and the second notch, where each of the rectangular channels of the exhaust ports are sealed to one of the corresponding exhaust outlet ports of the right-hand side cylinder head of the engine. 14. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 13 further comprising a plurality of indentions on the central channel body, the plurality of indentions are positioned between each adjacent exhaust port, wherein the plurality of indentions are configured for receiving protrusions from the engine for installing the replacement exhaust manifold on the engine. 15. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein the turbo connection is a rectangular flange configured to attach to the retrofitted turbocharger of the engine. 16. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 15, wherein the turbo connection including an upward curved connection at the second end of the central channel body, the upward curved connection terminating with the rectangular flange, the rectangular flange having four turbo holes therethrough at each rectangle corner of the rectangular flange, whereby the rectangular flange is configured to be bolted to the turbocharger via four turbo bolts where the upward curved connection is sealed to the turbocharger. 17. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 15, wherein the rectangular flange is an industry standard T-3 turbo mounting flange, whereby the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to allow the turbocharger with a T-3 mounting flange to be retrofitted to the engine, whereby the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to gather exhaust gasses from both banks of the cylinder heads of the engine and efficiently route such exhaust gasses through the T-3 mounting flange with a minimum reduction in velocity. 18. A retrofitted engine comprising:
a replacement exhaust manifold for retrofitting a turbocharger to the retrofitted engine, the replacement exhaust manifold comprising:
a central channel body having a first end and a second end;
an exhaust connection connected to the first end of the central channel body, the exhaust connection is configured to be attached to an exhaust system for the engine;
a turbo connection connected to the second end of the central channel body, the turbo connection is configured to be attached to the turbocharger; and
a plurality of exhaust ports along the central channel body, each of the exhaust ports are configured to be attached to a corresponding exhaust outlet port on a cylinder head of the engine;
wherein, the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to be attached to the engine for retrofitting the turbocharger to the engine. 19. The retrofitted engine of claim 18, wherein:
the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to replace an original equipment exhaust manifold for retrofitting the turbocharger to the engine; and the retrofitted engine is a 6.2 non-turbo diesel engine or a 6.5 non-turbo diesel engine on a civilian or military high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle, and the replacement exhaust manifold is mounted on a right side cylinder head of the 6.2 non-turbo diesel engine or the 6.5 non-turbo diesel engine, wherein the replacement exhaust manifold works within tight confines of the under-hood area on a vehicle housing the engine, where the replacement exhaust manifold is designed to make acceptable clearance to all under-hood obstacles and allow the retrofitted turbocharger to function on such civilian or military high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle. 20. A method of retrofitting a turbocharger to an engine comprising:
providing a replacement exhaust manifold for the engine comprising:
a central channel body having a first end and a second end;
an exhaust connection connected to the first end of the central channel body, the exhaust connection is configured to be attached to an exhaust system for the engine;
a turbo connection connected to the second end of the central channel body, the turbo connection is configured to be attached to the turbocharger; and
a plurality of exhaust ports along the central channel body, each of the exhaust ports are configured to be attached to a cylinder head of the engine;
wherein, the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to be attached to the engine for retrofitting the turbocharger to the engine;
removing an original equipment exhaust manifold from the engine; installing the replacement exhaust manifold on the engine including;
bolting each of the plurality of exhaust ports to one of the cylinder heads of the engine via diamond shape flanges;
and bolting the exhaust connection to the exhaust system of a vehicle; and
retrofitting the turbocharger onto the engine by bolting the turbocharger to the turbo connection via a rectangular flange or a standard T-3 turbo mounting flange of the installed replacement exhaust manifold on the engine. | A replacement exhaust manifold for retrofitting a turbocharger to an engine includes a central channel body, an exhaust connection, a turbo connection, and a plurality of exhaust ports. The central channel body has a first end and a second end. The exhaust connection is connected to the first end of the central channel body. The exhaust connection is configured to be attached to an exhaust system for the engine. The turbo connection is connected to the second end of the central channel body. The turbo connection is configured to be attached to the turbocharger. The plurality of exhaust ports are along the central channel body. Each of the exhaust ports are configured to be attached to a corresponding exhaust outlet port on a cylinder head of the engine. Wherein, the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to be attached to the engine for retrofitting the turbocharger to the engine.1. A replacement exhaust manifold for retrofitting a turbocharger to an engine comprising:
a central channel body having a first end and a second end; an exhaust connection connected to the first end of the central channel body, the exhaust connection is configured to be attached to an exhaust system for the engine; a turbo connection connected to the second end of the central channel body, the turbo connection is configured to be attached to the turbocharger; and a plurality of exhaust ports along the central channel body, each of the exhaust ports are configured to be attached to a corresponding exhaust outlet port on a cylinder head of the engine; wherein, the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to be attached to the engine for retrofitting the turbocharger to the engine. 2. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to replace an original equipment exhaust manifold for retrofitting the turbocharger to the engine. 3. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein the engine is a 6.2 non-turbo diesel engine or a 6.5 non-turbo diesel engine of a civilian or military high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle, and the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to be mounted on a right side cylinder head of the 6.2 non-turbo diesel engine or the 6.5 non-turbo diesel engine, wherein the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to work within tight confines of under-hood area on a vehicle housing the engine, where the replacement exhaust manifold is designed to make acceptable clearance to all under-hood obstacles and allow the retrofitted turbocharger to function on such civilian or military high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle. 4. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to facilitate collection of exhaust gases of the engine and route such exhaust gases through the turbo connection, thereby resulting in an increase in power from the engine via the retrofitted turbocharger, wherein the replacement exhaust manifold receives incoming exhaust gases and channels them to the retrofitted turbocharger, thereby resulting in available boost and additional power for the engine. 5. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to allow a self-contained bolt-on product to facilitate retrofitting the turbocharger to the engine. 6. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to allow the engine to be retrofitted with the turbocharger without the need to replace the engine, replace an engine cover, lift a truck body in order for to retrofit the turbocharger to the engine. 7. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein the replacement exhaust manifold is made of a cast ductile iron. 8. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein the exhaust connection is a triangular flange configured to attach to the exhaust system of the engine. 9. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 8, wherein the exhaust connection including a circular channel and three exhaust holes through the triangular flange at each triangle corner of the triangular flange, whereby the triangular flange are configured to be bolted to the exhaust system via three exhaust bolts where the circular channel is configured to be sealed to the exhaust system. 10. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein the exhaust connection is connected to the first end of the central channel body via an S-shaped connection configured to lower the exhaust connection below the central channel body, wherein an exhaust end port of one of the plurality of exhaust ports is positioned along the S-shaped connection. 11. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein the plurality of exhaust ports including four exhaust ports, one exhaust port for each of four corresponding exhaust outlet ports of the right-hand side cylinder head of a 6.2 non-turbo diesel engine or a 6.5 non-turbo diesel engine. 12. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein each of the exhaust ports including a diamond shaped flange configured to attach to one of a plurality of corresponding exhaust outlet ports of a right-hand side cylinder head of the engine. 13. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 11, wherein each of the exhaust ports including a curved rectangular channel protruding from the central channel body and terminating with the diamond shaped flange, and each of the diamond shaped flanges including a first notch at one diamond corner and a second notch at an opposite diamond corner, whereby each of the diamond shaped flanges are configured to be bolted to one of the corresponding exhaust outlet ports of the right-hand side cylinder head of the engine via two cylinder bolts through the first notch and the second notch, where each of the rectangular channels of the exhaust ports are sealed to one of the corresponding exhaust outlet ports of the right-hand side cylinder head of the engine. 14. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 13 further comprising a plurality of indentions on the central channel body, the plurality of indentions are positioned between each adjacent exhaust port, wherein the plurality of indentions are configured for receiving protrusions from the engine for installing the replacement exhaust manifold on the engine. 15. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 1, wherein the turbo connection is a rectangular flange configured to attach to the retrofitted turbocharger of the engine. 16. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 15, wherein the turbo connection including an upward curved connection at the second end of the central channel body, the upward curved connection terminating with the rectangular flange, the rectangular flange having four turbo holes therethrough at each rectangle corner of the rectangular flange, whereby the rectangular flange is configured to be bolted to the turbocharger via four turbo bolts where the upward curved connection is sealed to the turbocharger. 17. The replacement exhaust manifold of claim 15, wherein the rectangular flange is an industry standard T-3 turbo mounting flange, whereby the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to allow the turbocharger with a T-3 mounting flange to be retrofitted to the engine, whereby the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to gather exhaust gasses from both banks of the cylinder heads of the engine and efficiently route such exhaust gasses through the T-3 mounting flange with a minimum reduction in velocity. 18. A retrofitted engine comprising:
a replacement exhaust manifold for retrofitting a turbocharger to the retrofitted engine, the replacement exhaust manifold comprising:
a central channel body having a first end and a second end;
an exhaust connection connected to the first end of the central channel body, the exhaust connection is configured to be attached to an exhaust system for the engine;
a turbo connection connected to the second end of the central channel body, the turbo connection is configured to be attached to the turbocharger; and
a plurality of exhaust ports along the central channel body, each of the exhaust ports are configured to be attached to a corresponding exhaust outlet port on a cylinder head of the engine;
wherein, the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to be attached to the engine for retrofitting the turbocharger to the engine. 19. The retrofitted engine of claim 18, wherein:
the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to replace an original equipment exhaust manifold for retrofitting the turbocharger to the engine; and the retrofitted engine is a 6.2 non-turbo diesel engine or a 6.5 non-turbo diesel engine on a civilian or military high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle, and the replacement exhaust manifold is mounted on a right side cylinder head of the 6.2 non-turbo diesel engine or the 6.5 non-turbo diesel engine, wherein the replacement exhaust manifold works within tight confines of the under-hood area on a vehicle housing the engine, where the replacement exhaust manifold is designed to make acceptable clearance to all under-hood obstacles and allow the retrofitted turbocharger to function on such civilian or military high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle. 20. A method of retrofitting a turbocharger to an engine comprising:
providing a replacement exhaust manifold for the engine comprising:
a central channel body having a first end and a second end;
an exhaust connection connected to the first end of the central channel body, the exhaust connection is configured to be attached to an exhaust system for the engine;
a turbo connection connected to the second end of the central channel body, the turbo connection is configured to be attached to the turbocharger; and
a plurality of exhaust ports along the central channel body, each of the exhaust ports are configured to be attached to a cylinder head of the engine;
wherein, the replacement exhaust manifold is configured to be attached to the engine for retrofitting the turbocharger to the engine;
removing an original equipment exhaust manifold from the engine; installing the replacement exhaust manifold on the engine including;
bolting each of the plurality of exhaust ports to one of the cylinder heads of the engine via diamond shape flanges;
and bolting the exhaust connection to the exhaust system of a vehicle; and
retrofitting the turbocharger onto the engine by bolting the turbocharger to the turbo connection via a rectangular flange or a standard T-3 turbo mounting flange of the installed replacement exhaust manifold on the engine. | 3,700 |
341,065 | 16,801,344 | 3,786 | Improved liquid detergent concentrate compositions which are phosphorus free and utilize an acrylic copolymer to provide improved stability while maintaining viscosity are provided. Methods of using the same to wash textiles are also provided. The improved liquid detergent composition may be provided in the form of the concentrated emulsion or a use solution; and where the concentrated emulsion can be a water-in-oil emulsion or oil-in-water emulsion dependent on the amounts of water and oil in the emulsion. | 1. A stable liquid detergent composition comprising:
an alkalinity source, wherein the alkalinity source is in a concentration of between about 1 wt. % and about 90 wt. % a chelating/sequestering agent, wherein the chelating/sequestering agent is selected from the group consisting of a polymeric chelating/sequestering agent, an aminocarboxylic acid or salt thereof, gluconic acid or a salt thereof, or a mixture thereof; an acrylic copolymer thickening agent; at least one nonionic surfactant; and at least one whitening agent; wherein the pH of the composition is between about 9 and about 14; and wherein the composition comprises a stable emulsion having a water phase and an oil phase. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the alkalinity source is an alkali metal hydroxide, and wherein the pH is between about 10 and about 14. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises from about 1 wt. % to about 70 wt. % of the at least one nonionic surfactant. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the chelating/sequestering agent is in a concentration from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % and comprises a polymeric chelating agent, an aminocarboxylic acid or salt thereof, and gluconic acid or salt thereof. 5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the polycarboxylic acid is an acrylic acid copolymer. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the polymeric chelating/sequestering agent comprises a carboxy-methylated polyethyleneimine compound. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one whitening agent comprises a 4,4′-distyryl biphenyl derivative, a derivative of bis(triazinyl)amino-stilbene, a bisacylamino derivative of stilbene, a triazole derivative of stilbene, a triazine derivative of stilbene, an oxadiazole derivative of stilbene, an oxazole derivative of stilbene, a styryl derivative of stilbene, or a mixture thereof. 8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the at least one whitening agent is in a concentration of from about 0.01 wt. % to about 5 wt. %. 9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the at least one whitening agent comprises two whitening agents, and wherein the two whitening agents are selected from the group consisting of 4,4′-distyryl biphenyl derivative, a bis-(triazinylamino)-stilbene disulphonic acid derivative, and a triazine derivative of stilbene. 10. The composition of claim 5, wherein the polycarboxylic acid is a homopolymer of acrylic acid. 11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one nonionic surfactant comprises an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant. 12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition phosphorus free. 13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises a phosphonate in a concentration of from about 1 wt. % to about 20 wt. %. 14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the liquid detergent composition is provided as a concentrate. 15. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition exhibits less than 10% phase separation for at least one year. 16. The composition of claim 1, further comprising an additional functional ingredient comprising optical brighteners, soil antiredeposition agents, antifoam agents, low foaming surfactants, defoaming surfactants, pigments and dyes, softening agents, anti-static agents, anti-wrinkling agents, dye transfer inhibition/color protection agents, odor removal/odor capturing agents, soil shielding/soil releasing agents, ultraviolet light protection agents, fragrances, sanitizing agents, disinfecting agents, water repellency agents, insect repellency agents, anti-pilling agents, souring agents, mildew removing agents, allergicide agents, and mixtures thereof. 17. A method of washing textiles comprising:
providing the liquid detergent composition according to claim 1; and washing the textiles in an institutional or a household washing machine. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising diluting the liquid detergent composition at a point of use with water. 19. A method of dispensing a liquid detergent composition for washing textiles comprising:
dispensing the liquid detergent composition according to claim 1 into a washing machine; wherein the composition has a viscosity of less than about 1000 mPas. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the washing machine is an institutional or a household washing machine. 21. The method of claim 19, further comprising diluting the liquid detergent composition before the liquid detergent composition is dispensed into the washing machine. | Improved liquid detergent concentrate compositions which are phosphorus free and utilize an acrylic copolymer to provide improved stability while maintaining viscosity are provided. Methods of using the same to wash textiles are also provided. The improved liquid detergent composition may be provided in the form of the concentrated emulsion or a use solution; and where the concentrated emulsion can be a water-in-oil emulsion or oil-in-water emulsion dependent on the amounts of water and oil in the emulsion.1. A stable liquid detergent composition comprising:
an alkalinity source, wherein the alkalinity source is in a concentration of between about 1 wt. % and about 90 wt. % a chelating/sequestering agent, wherein the chelating/sequestering agent is selected from the group consisting of a polymeric chelating/sequestering agent, an aminocarboxylic acid or salt thereof, gluconic acid or a salt thereof, or a mixture thereof; an acrylic copolymer thickening agent; at least one nonionic surfactant; and at least one whitening agent; wherein the pH of the composition is between about 9 and about 14; and wherein the composition comprises a stable emulsion having a water phase and an oil phase. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the alkalinity source is an alkali metal hydroxide, and wherein the pH is between about 10 and about 14. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises from about 1 wt. % to about 70 wt. % of the at least one nonionic surfactant. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the chelating/sequestering agent is in a concentration from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % and comprises a polymeric chelating agent, an aminocarboxylic acid or salt thereof, and gluconic acid or salt thereof. 5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the polycarboxylic acid is an acrylic acid copolymer. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the polymeric chelating/sequestering agent comprises a carboxy-methylated polyethyleneimine compound. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one whitening agent comprises a 4,4′-distyryl biphenyl derivative, a derivative of bis(triazinyl)amino-stilbene, a bisacylamino derivative of stilbene, a triazole derivative of stilbene, a triazine derivative of stilbene, an oxadiazole derivative of stilbene, an oxazole derivative of stilbene, a styryl derivative of stilbene, or a mixture thereof. 8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the at least one whitening agent is in a concentration of from about 0.01 wt. % to about 5 wt. %. 9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the at least one whitening agent comprises two whitening agents, and wherein the two whitening agents are selected from the group consisting of 4,4′-distyryl biphenyl derivative, a bis-(triazinylamino)-stilbene disulphonic acid derivative, and a triazine derivative of stilbene. 10. The composition of claim 5, wherein the polycarboxylic acid is a homopolymer of acrylic acid. 11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one nonionic surfactant comprises an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant. 12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition phosphorus free. 13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises a phosphonate in a concentration of from about 1 wt. % to about 20 wt. %. 14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the liquid detergent composition is provided as a concentrate. 15. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition exhibits less than 10% phase separation for at least one year. 16. The composition of claim 1, further comprising an additional functional ingredient comprising optical brighteners, soil antiredeposition agents, antifoam agents, low foaming surfactants, defoaming surfactants, pigments and dyes, softening agents, anti-static agents, anti-wrinkling agents, dye transfer inhibition/color protection agents, odor removal/odor capturing agents, soil shielding/soil releasing agents, ultraviolet light protection agents, fragrances, sanitizing agents, disinfecting agents, water repellency agents, insect repellency agents, anti-pilling agents, souring agents, mildew removing agents, allergicide agents, and mixtures thereof. 17. A method of washing textiles comprising:
providing the liquid detergent composition according to claim 1; and washing the textiles in an institutional or a household washing machine. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising diluting the liquid detergent composition at a point of use with water. 19. A method of dispensing a liquid detergent composition for washing textiles comprising:
dispensing the liquid detergent composition according to claim 1 into a washing machine; wherein the composition has a viscosity of less than about 1000 mPas. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the washing machine is an institutional or a household washing machine. 21. The method of claim 19, further comprising diluting the liquid detergent composition before the liquid detergent composition is dispensed into the washing machine. | 3,700 |
341,066 | 16,801,327 | 3,786 | Systems and methods are provided for fabricating and utilizing segmented hollow fibers. One embodiment is a method for fabricating a hollow fiber. The method includes disposing injection needles at orifices of a die, loading the die with a pool of molten material, driving the molten material through the orifices of the die, and iteratively injecting a gas into the molten material at the orifices via the injection needles and pausing injecting the gas as the molten material is driven through the orifices of the die, resulting in discrete hollow chambers within molten material exiting the die. The method also includes cooling the molten material into a hollow fiber that includes the discrete hollow chambers. | 1. A method for fabricating a segmented hollow fiber, the method comprising:
disposing injection needles at orifices of a die; loading the die with a pool of molten material; driving the molten material through the orifices of the die; iteratively injecting a gas into the molten material at the orifices via the injection needles and pausing injecting the gas as the molten material is driven through the orifices of the die, resulting in discrete hollow chambers within molten material exiting the die; and cooling the molten material into a segmented hollow fiber that includes the discrete hollow chambers. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein:
iteratively injecting a gas into the molten material at the orifices via the injection needles and pausing injecting the gas comprises applying gas at a predefined pressure for a first duration, followed by pausing injecting the gas for a second duration. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein:
the second duration is shorter than the first duration. 4. The method of claim 2 wherein:
the predefined pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
aggregating the segmented hollow fiber with other segmented hollow fibers to form an insulation blanket; and
installing the insulation blanket into an interior of an aircraft. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein:
loading the die with a pool of molten material comprises loading the die with a pool of molten glass. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein:
driving the molten material through the orifices comprises driving a manifold coupled with the injection needles into the pool. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the discrete hollow chambers are airtight chambers. 9. A segmented hollow fiber fabricated by the method of claim 1. 10. A method for fabricating a segmented hollow fiber, the method comprising:
acquiring a hollow fiber made from a material; heating the hollow fiber to a tacking temperature of the material; compressing portions of the hollow fiber at lengthwise intervals, causing walls of the hollow fiber to tack together and form airtight chambers, thereby forming a segmented hollow fiber; and cooling the segmented hollow fiber below the tacking temperature. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein:
the lengthwise intervals are regular lengthwise intervals. 12. The method of claim 10 further comprising:
feeding the hollow fiber between pinch rollers that draw the hollow fiber in a process direction. 13. The method of claim 10 wherein:
compressing portions of the hollow fiber comprises compressing portions of the hollow fiber by projections of a rotary element. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein:
a rate of travel of an outer radius of the rotary element is equal to a rate of travel of the hollow fiber. 15. The method of claim 10 wherein:
the method is performed on a plurality of hollow fibers at once. 16. The method of claim 10 further comprising:
weaving the segmented hollow fiber into a carpet of an aircraft. 17. The method of claim 10 wherein:
the material comprises a polymer. 18. A segmented hollow fiber fabricated by the method of claim 10. 19. A segmented hollow fiber comprising:
exterior walls of material; and a series of airtight chambers within the fiber that are separated by lengthwise intervals. 20. The segmented hollow fiber of claim 19 wherein:
the series of airtight chambers are formed by the exterior walls in combination with interior walls. 21.-26. (canceled) | Systems and methods are provided for fabricating and utilizing segmented hollow fibers. One embodiment is a method for fabricating a hollow fiber. The method includes disposing injection needles at orifices of a die, loading the die with a pool of molten material, driving the molten material through the orifices of the die, and iteratively injecting a gas into the molten material at the orifices via the injection needles and pausing injecting the gas as the molten material is driven through the orifices of the die, resulting in discrete hollow chambers within molten material exiting the die. The method also includes cooling the molten material into a hollow fiber that includes the discrete hollow chambers.1. A method for fabricating a segmented hollow fiber, the method comprising:
disposing injection needles at orifices of a die; loading the die with a pool of molten material; driving the molten material through the orifices of the die; iteratively injecting a gas into the molten material at the orifices via the injection needles and pausing injecting the gas as the molten material is driven through the orifices of the die, resulting in discrete hollow chambers within molten material exiting the die; and cooling the molten material into a segmented hollow fiber that includes the discrete hollow chambers. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein:
iteratively injecting a gas into the molten material at the orifices via the injection needles and pausing injecting the gas comprises applying gas at a predefined pressure for a first duration, followed by pausing injecting the gas for a second duration. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein:
the second duration is shorter than the first duration. 4. The method of claim 2 wherein:
the predefined pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
aggregating the segmented hollow fiber with other segmented hollow fibers to form an insulation blanket; and
installing the insulation blanket into an interior of an aircraft. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein:
loading the die with a pool of molten material comprises loading the die with a pool of molten glass. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein:
driving the molten material through the orifices comprises driving a manifold coupled with the injection needles into the pool. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the discrete hollow chambers are airtight chambers. 9. A segmented hollow fiber fabricated by the method of claim 1. 10. A method for fabricating a segmented hollow fiber, the method comprising:
acquiring a hollow fiber made from a material; heating the hollow fiber to a tacking temperature of the material; compressing portions of the hollow fiber at lengthwise intervals, causing walls of the hollow fiber to tack together and form airtight chambers, thereby forming a segmented hollow fiber; and cooling the segmented hollow fiber below the tacking temperature. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein:
the lengthwise intervals are regular lengthwise intervals. 12. The method of claim 10 further comprising:
feeding the hollow fiber between pinch rollers that draw the hollow fiber in a process direction. 13. The method of claim 10 wherein:
compressing portions of the hollow fiber comprises compressing portions of the hollow fiber by projections of a rotary element. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein:
a rate of travel of an outer radius of the rotary element is equal to a rate of travel of the hollow fiber. 15. The method of claim 10 wherein:
the method is performed on a plurality of hollow fibers at once. 16. The method of claim 10 further comprising:
weaving the segmented hollow fiber into a carpet of an aircraft. 17. The method of claim 10 wherein:
the material comprises a polymer. 18. A segmented hollow fiber fabricated by the method of claim 10. 19. A segmented hollow fiber comprising:
exterior walls of material; and a series of airtight chambers within the fiber that are separated by lengthwise intervals. 20. The segmented hollow fiber of claim 19 wherein:
the series of airtight chambers are formed by the exterior walls in combination with interior walls. 21.-26. (canceled) | 3,700 |
341,067 | 16,801,325 | 3,791 | A multi-purpose balloon catheter includes a catheter having a proximal end portion, a central portion and a non-branching distal end portion, a plurality of lumens associated with the catheter extending from the proximal end portion, and a plurality of inflatable balloons positioned in the central portion and/or the non-branching distal end portion. Each of the plurality of inflatable balloons is communicatively associated with a corresponding one of the plurality of lumens, the plurality of inflatable balloons being selectively inflated or deflated to position and stabilize the catheter in a cavity for delivery of a medical treatment. The catheter can include an extraction point associated with a lumen to remove fluids and materials from the cavity, and a connector associated with a corresponding lumen adapted to selectively receive one or more of a fluid medium or a radioactive isotope provided to a corresponding lumen for delivery of the medical treatment. | 1. A multi-purpose balloon intra-cavity catheter for a medical treatment, comprising:
a single intra-cavity catheter configured for insertion into a body cavity for the medical treatment, the single intra-cavity catheter having a proximal end portion, a central portion and a non-branching distal end portion; a plurality of lumens positioned in association with the single intra-cavity catheter extending from the proximal end portion of the single intra-cavity catheter; a plurality of independent and distinct balloon groups positioned in association with the central portion of the single intra-cavity catheter, each independent and distinct balloon group including at least one inflatable balloon, and each independent and distinct balloon group being communicatively associated with a corresponding at least one of the plurality of lumens; an applicator extender communicatively associated with the non-branching distal end portion of the single intra-cavity catheter, the applicator extender being configured to be in communication with at least one of the plurality of lumens for the medical treatment; and a secondary treatment balloon configured to be communicatively connected with the applicator extender and configured to be in communication with a corresponding at least one other of the plurality of lumens. 2. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of connectors positioned in association with the proximal end portion of the catheter, each of the plurality of connectors being respectively communicatively connected with a corresponding at least one of the plurality of lumens, each of the plurality of connectors being configured to enable respectively selectively receiving or removing through a corresponding lumen one or more of a liquid saline solution, a fluid medium, a gaseous medium, a contrast medium, a radioactive material or other treatment medium for the medical treatment. 3. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 1, wherein:
the body cavity for the medical treatment is selected from the group consisting of an esophagus, a rectum, a vagina and a surgically created cavity. 4. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 1, wherein:
the catheter comprises polyurethane. 5. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 1, wherein:
the at least one inflatable balloon in each of the plurality of balloon groups has a shape selected from the group consisting of a cylindrical shape, a rectangular shape, an oval shape and a spherical shape. 6. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 1, wherein:
the at least one inflatable balloon in each of the plurality of balloon groups is made of a material selected from the group consisting of nylon, polyurethane, polyether block amide, and polyethylene terephthalate or a combination thereof. 7. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 1, wherein:
at least one portion of the multi-purpose balloon catheter or the at least one inflatable balloon in at least one of the plurality of independent and distinct balloon groups is coated with a medicinal agent for releasing the medicinal agent internally to a predetermined location in the body cavity in association with or for the medical treatment. 8. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 1, wherein:
the applicator extender includes at least one chamber and at least one of a membrane or a gate member positioned in association with the at least one chamber of the applicator extender, the at least one of the membrane or the gate member being configured to enable selectively passing to the secondary treatment balloon a corresponding at least one other of the plurality of lumens in communication with the applicator extender and the at least one other of the plurality of lumens configured to one or more of selectively provide the secondary treatment balloon at least one of a radioactive material, a treatment medium, a contrast medium or a therapeutic agent for the medical treatment or enable selectively inflating and deflating the secondary treatment balloon to one or more of selectively position or stabilize the secondary treatment balloon for the medical treatment. 9. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 1, wherein:
the applicator extender includes at least one connector configured to selectively communicatively associate the applicator extender with the non-branching distal end portion of the catheter. 10. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 1, wherein:
at least one of the plurality of lumens is configured to receive a radioactive material for the medical treatment. 11. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 10, wherein:
the radioactive material includes at least one of a radioactive wire or a radioactive seed. 12. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 10, wherein:
the radioactive material is selected from the group consisting of Ir-192, Au-198, I-125 and Cs-131. 13. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 12, wherein:
the radioactive material delivers a dose of radiation ranging from 1 Curie to 10 Curies. 14. A multi-purpose balloon intra-cavity catheter for a medical treatment, comprising:
a single intra-cavity catheter configured for insertion into a body cavity for the medical treatment, the single intra-cavity catheter having a proximal end portion, a central portion and a non-branching distal end portion; a plurality of lumens positioned in association with the single intra-cavity catheter extending from the proximal end portion of the single intra-cavity catheter; a plurality of independent and distinct balloon groups positioned in association with the central portion of the single intra-cavity catheter, each independent and distinct balloon group being independently spaced from each of the other independent and distinct balloon groups on the single intra-cavity catheter, each independent and distinct balloon group is positioned in a non-overlapping contiguous arrangement on a same longitudinal axis of the single intra-cavity catheter, each independent and distinct balloon group including at least one inflatable balloon, and each independent and distinct balloon group being communicatively associated with a corresponding at least one of the plurality of lumens,
an applicator extender communicatively associated with the non-branching distal end portion of the catheter, the applicator extender being configured to be in communication with at least one of the plurality of lumens for the medical treatment; and
a secondary treatment balloon configured to be communicatively connected with the applicator extender and configured to be in communication with a corresponding at least one of the plurality of lumens in communication with the applicator extender configured to selectively provide to the secondary treatment balloon at least one of a radioactive material, a treatment medium, a contrast medium or a therapeutic agent for the treatment or enable selectively inflating or deflating the secondary treatment balloon to one or more of selectively position or stabilize the secondary treatment balloon for the medical treatment. 15. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 14, further comprising:
a plurality of connectors positioned in association with the proximal end portion of the catheter, each of the plurality of connectors being respectively communicatively connected with a corresponding at least one of the plurality of lumens, the plurality of connectors being configured to enable respectively selectively receiving or removing through a corresponding one of the plurality of lumens one or more of a liquid saline solution, a fluid medium, a gaseous medium, a contrast medium, a radioactive material or other treatment medium for the medical treatment. 16. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 14, wherein:
the applicator extender includes at least one chamber and at least one of a membrane or a gate member positioned adjacent to the at least one chamber of the applicator extender, the at least one of the membrane or the gate member being configured to selectively pass a corresponding at least one of the plurality of lumens in communication with the applicator extender to the secondary treatment balloon to enable providing at least one of the radioactive material, the treatment medium, the contrast medium or the therapeutic agent for the medical treatment or enable selectively inflating and deflating the secondary treatment balloon to one or more of selectively position or stabilize the secondary treatment balloon for the medical treatment. 17. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 14, wherein:
the applicator extender includes at least one connector configured to selectively communicatively associate the applicator extender with the non-branching distal end portion of the catheter. 18. A multi-purpose balloon intra-cavity catheter for a medical treatment, comprising:
a single intra-cavity catheter configured for insertion into a body cavity for the medical treatment, the single intra-cavity catheter having a proximal end portion, a central portion and a non-branching distal end portion; a plurality of lumens positioned in association with the single intra-cavity catheter extending from the proximal end portion of the single intra-cavity catheter; a plurality of independent and distinct balloon groups positioned in association with the central portion of the single intra-cavity catheter, each independent and distinct balloon group being independently spaced from each of the other independent and distinct balloon groups on the single intra-cavity catheter, each independent and distinct balloon group is positioned in a non-overlapping contiguous arrangement on a same longitudinal axis of the single intra-cavity catheter, each independent and distinct balloon group including at least one inflatable balloon, and each independent and distinct balloon group being communicatively associated with a corresponding at least one of the plurality of lumens, wherein at least one of the plurality of independent and distinct balloon groups is configured to be selectively inflated or deflated to selectively position the single intra-cavity catheter in the body cavity for the medical treatment, and at least one other of the plurality of independent and distinct balloon groups is configured to receive at least one of a treatment medium, a radioactive material, or a contrast medium for the medical treatment; an applicator extender communicatively associated with the non-branching distal end portion of the catheter, the applicator extender including at least one chamber and further including at least one of a membrane or a gate member positioned adjacent to the at least one chamber, the at least one of the membrane or the gate member being configured to selectively pass a corresponding at least one of the plurality of lumens in communication with the applicator extender to enable providing at least one of the radioactive material, the treatment medium, the contrast medium or the therapeutic agent for the medical treatment; and
a secondary treatment balloon configured to be communicatively connected with the applicator extender and configured to be in communication with a corresponding at least one of the plurality of lumens in communication with the applicator extender configured to one or more of respectively receive to selectively provide the secondary treatment balloon with at least one of the radioactive material, the treatment medium, the contrast medium or the therapeutic agent for the medical treatment or enable selectively inflating or deflating the secondary treatment balloon to one or more of selectively position or stabilize the secondary treatment balloon for the treatment. 19. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 18, wherein:
the radioactive material is selected from the group consisting of Ir-192, Au-198, I-125 and Cs-131. 20. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 19, wherein:
the radioactive material delivers a dose of radiation ranging from 1 Curie to 10 Curies. | A multi-purpose balloon catheter includes a catheter having a proximal end portion, a central portion and a non-branching distal end portion, a plurality of lumens associated with the catheter extending from the proximal end portion, and a plurality of inflatable balloons positioned in the central portion and/or the non-branching distal end portion. Each of the plurality of inflatable balloons is communicatively associated with a corresponding one of the plurality of lumens, the plurality of inflatable balloons being selectively inflated or deflated to position and stabilize the catheter in a cavity for delivery of a medical treatment. The catheter can include an extraction point associated with a lumen to remove fluids and materials from the cavity, and a connector associated with a corresponding lumen adapted to selectively receive one or more of a fluid medium or a radioactive isotope provided to a corresponding lumen for delivery of the medical treatment.1. A multi-purpose balloon intra-cavity catheter for a medical treatment, comprising:
a single intra-cavity catheter configured for insertion into a body cavity for the medical treatment, the single intra-cavity catheter having a proximal end portion, a central portion and a non-branching distal end portion; a plurality of lumens positioned in association with the single intra-cavity catheter extending from the proximal end portion of the single intra-cavity catheter; a plurality of independent and distinct balloon groups positioned in association with the central portion of the single intra-cavity catheter, each independent and distinct balloon group including at least one inflatable balloon, and each independent and distinct balloon group being communicatively associated with a corresponding at least one of the plurality of lumens; an applicator extender communicatively associated with the non-branching distal end portion of the single intra-cavity catheter, the applicator extender being configured to be in communication with at least one of the plurality of lumens for the medical treatment; and a secondary treatment balloon configured to be communicatively connected with the applicator extender and configured to be in communication with a corresponding at least one other of the plurality of lumens. 2. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of connectors positioned in association with the proximal end portion of the catheter, each of the plurality of connectors being respectively communicatively connected with a corresponding at least one of the plurality of lumens, each of the plurality of connectors being configured to enable respectively selectively receiving or removing through a corresponding lumen one or more of a liquid saline solution, a fluid medium, a gaseous medium, a contrast medium, a radioactive material or other treatment medium for the medical treatment. 3. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 1, wherein:
the body cavity for the medical treatment is selected from the group consisting of an esophagus, a rectum, a vagina and a surgically created cavity. 4. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 1, wherein:
the catheter comprises polyurethane. 5. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 1, wherein:
the at least one inflatable balloon in each of the plurality of balloon groups has a shape selected from the group consisting of a cylindrical shape, a rectangular shape, an oval shape and a spherical shape. 6. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 1, wherein:
the at least one inflatable balloon in each of the plurality of balloon groups is made of a material selected from the group consisting of nylon, polyurethane, polyether block amide, and polyethylene terephthalate or a combination thereof. 7. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 1, wherein:
at least one portion of the multi-purpose balloon catheter or the at least one inflatable balloon in at least one of the plurality of independent and distinct balloon groups is coated with a medicinal agent for releasing the medicinal agent internally to a predetermined location in the body cavity in association with or for the medical treatment. 8. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 1, wherein:
the applicator extender includes at least one chamber and at least one of a membrane or a gate member positioned in association with the at least one chamber of the applicator extender, the at least one of the membrane or the gate member being configured to enable selectively passing to the secondary treatment balloon a corresponding at least one other of the plurality of lumens in communication with the applicator extender and the at least one other of the plurality of lumens configured to one or more of selectively provide the secondary treatment balloon at least one of a radioactive material, a treatment medium, a contrast medium or a therapeutic agent for the medical treatment or enable selectively inflating and deflating the secondary treatment balloon to one or more of selectively position or stabilize the secondary treatment balloon for the medical treatment. 9. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 1, wherein:
the applicator extender includes at least one connector configured to selectively communicatively associate the applicator extender with the non-branching distal end portion of the catheter. 10. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 1, wherein:
at least one of the plurality of lumens is configured to receive a radioactive material for the medical treatment. 11. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 10, wherein:
the radioactive material includes at least one of a radioactive wire or a radioactive seed. 12. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 10, wherein:
the radioactive material is selected from the group consisting of Ir-192, Au-198, I-125 and Cs-131. 13. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 12, wherein:
the radioactive material delivers a dose of radiation ranging from 1 Curie to 10 Curies. 14. A multi-purpose balloon intra-cavity catheter for a medical treatment, comprising:
a single intra-cavity catheter configured for insertion into a body cavity for the medical treatment, the single intra-cavity catheter having a proximal end portion, a central portion and a non-branching distal end portion; a plurality of lumens positioned in association with the single intra-cavity catheter extending from the proximal end portion of the single intra-cavity catheter; a plurality of independent and distinct balloon groups positioned in association with the central portion of the single intra-cavity catheter, each independent and distinct balloon group being independently spaced from each of the other independent and distinct balloon groups on the single intra-cavity catheter, each independent and distinct balloon group is positioned in a non-overlapping contiguous arrangement on a same longitudinal axis of the single intra-cavity catheter, each independent and distinct balloon group including at least one inflatable balloon, and each independent and distinct balloon group being communicatively associated with a corresponding at least one of the plurality of lumens,
an applicator extender communicatively associated with the non-branching distal end portion of the catheter, the applicator extender being configured to be in communication with at least one of the plurality of lumens for the medical treatment; and
a secondary treatment balloon configured to be communicatively connected with the applicator extender and configured to be in communication with a corresponding at least one of the plurality of lumens in communication with the applicator extender configured to selectively provide to the secondary treatment balloon at least one of a radioactive material, a treatment medium, a contrast medium or a therapeutic agent for the treatment or enable selectively inflating or deflating the secondary treatment balloon to one or more of selectively position or stabilize the secondary treatment balloon for the medical treatment. 15. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 14, further comprising:
a plurality of connectors positioned in association with the proximal end portion of the catheter, each of the plurality of connectors being respectively communicatively connected with a corresponding at least one of the plurality of lumens, the plurality of connectors being configured to enable respectively selectively receiving or removing through a corresponding one of the plurality of lumens one or more of a liquid saline solution, a fluid medium, a gaseous medium, a contrast medium, a radioactive material or other treatment medium for the medical treatment. 16. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 14, wherein:
the applicator extender includes at least one chamber and at least one of a membrane or a gate member positioned adjacent to the at least one chamber of the applicator extender, the at least one of the membrane or the gate member being configured to selectively pass a corresponding at least one of the plurality of lumens in communication with the applicator extender to the secondary treatment balloon to enable providing at least one of the radioactive material, the treatment medium, the contrast medium or the therapeutic agent for the medical treatment or enable selectively inflating and deflating the secondary treatment balloon to one or more of selectively position or stabilize the secondary treatment balloon for the medical treatment. 17. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 14, wherein:
the applicator extender includes at least one connector configured to selectively communicatively associate the applicator extender with the non-branching distal end portion of the catheter. 18. A multi-purpose balloon intra-cavity catheter for a medical treatment, comprising:
a single intra-cavity catheter configured for insertion into a body cavity for the medical treatment, the single intra-cavity catheter having a proximal end portion, a central portion and a non-branching distal end portion; a plurality of lumens positioned in association with the single intra-cavity catheter extending from the proximal end portion of the single intra-cavity catheter; a plurality of independent and distinct balloon groups positioned in association with the central portion of the single intra-cavity catheter, each independent and distinct balloon group being independently spaced from each of the other independent and distinct balloon groups on the single intra-cavity catheter, each independent and distinct balloon group is positioned in a non-overlapping contiguous arrangement on a same longitudinal axis of the single intra-cavity catheter, each independent and distinct balloon group including at least one inflatable balloon, and each independent and distinct balloon group being communicatively associated with a corresponding at least one of the plurality of lumens, wherein at least one of the plurality of independent and distinct balloon groups is configured to be selectively inflated or deflated to selectively position the single intra-cavity catheter in the body cavity for the medical treatment, and at least one other of the plurality of independent and distinct balloon groups is configured to receive at least one of a treatment medium, a radioactive material, or a contrast medium for the medical treatment; an applicator extender communicatively associated with the non-branching distal end portion of the catheter, the applicator extender including at least one chamber and further including at least one of a membrane or a gate member positioned adjacent to the at least one chamber, the at least one of the membrane or the gate member being configured to selectively pass a corresponding at least one of the plurality of lumens in communication with the applicator extender to enable providing at least one of the radioactive material, the treatment medium, the contrast medium or the therapeutic agent for the medical treatment; and
a secondary treatment balloon configured to be communicatively connected with the applicator extender and configured to be in communication with a corresponding at least one of the plurality of lumens in communication with the applicator extender configured to one or more of respectively receive to selectively provide the secondary treatment balloon with at least one of the radioactive material, the treatment medium, the contrast medium or the therapeutic agent for the medical treatment or enable selectively inflating or deflating the secondary treatment balloon to one or more of selectively position or stabilize the secondary treatment balloon for the treatment. 19. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 18, wherein:
the radioactive material is selected from the group consisting of Ir-192, Au-198, I-125 and Cs-131. 20. The multi-purpose balloon catheter according to claim 19, wherein:
the radioactive material delivers a dose of radiation ranging from 1 Curie to 10 Curies. | 3,700 |
341,068 | 16,801,334 | 3,791 | A storage system includes a plurality of storage controllers and a drive box including one or more non-volatile storage devices. The drive box includes a memory on which reading and writing are performed in a unit different from a unit for reading and writing the one or more non-volatile storage devices, and which stores control information to be used by the plurality of storage controllers, and a memory controller that enables each storage controller of the plurality of storage controllers to exclusively read and write the control information of the memory by arbitrating accesses to the memory from the plurality of storage controllers. | 1. A storage system comprising:
a plurality of storage controllers; and a drive box that includes one or more non-volatile storage devices, wherein the drive box includes a memory on which reading and writing are performed in a unit different from a unit for reading and writing the one or more non-volatile storage devices, and which stores control information to be used by the plurality of storage controllers, and a memory controller that enables each storage controller of the plurality of storage controllers to exclusively read and write the control information of the memory by mediating access to the memory from each of the plurality of storage controllers. 2. The storage system according to claim 1, wherein
the drive box includes a battery that supplies a power when external power feeding is stopped, and the memory retains contents of the memory by the power from the battery when the external power feeding is stopped. 3. The storage system according to claim 2, wherein
the plurality of storage controllers stops operations when the external power feeding is stopped, and resumes the operations by using the control information stored in the memory when the external power feeding is restored. 4. The storage system according to claim 1, wherein
the memory controller writes contents of the memory to the one or more non-volatile storage devices or another backup storage device within the drive box when external power feeding is stopped. 5. The storage system according to claim 1, wherein
the memory includes a non-volatile memory element. 6. The storage system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of memories including the memory; and a plurality of memory controllers including the memory controller, wherein each memory of the plurality of memories is connected to only one memory controller of the plurality of memory controllers, a first memory controller of the memory controllers transmits the information stored in the memory connected to the first memory controller to one or more other memory controllers, and each of the one or more other memory controllers stores the information received from the first memory controller in the memory connected to each of the one or more other memory controllers. 7. The storage system according to claim 6, wherein
the first memory controller stores the information received from one storage controller of the plurality of storage controllers in the memory connected to the first memory controller according to an instruction from the one storage controller, and transmits the information received from the one storage controller to the one or more other memory controllers, each of the one or more other memory controllers transmits a write completion notification indicating that the writing of the information received from the first memory controller into the memory connected to each of the one or more other memory controllers is completed to the first memory controller, and the first memory controller notifies the one storage controller of a write completion of the information received from the one storage controller when the write completion notification is received from all the one or more other memory controllers. 8. The storage system according to claim 1, wherein
the drive box includes a device protocol conversion unit, and each of the plurality of storage controllers transmits a command for the memory and a command for the one or more non-volatile storage devices according to an access protocol for accessing the memory, and the device protocol conversion unit converts the command for the one or more non-volatile storage devices into a command of an access protocol for accessing the one or more non-volatile storage devices. 9. The storage system according to claim 1, wherein
the drive box includes a controller protocol conversion unit, each of the plurality of storage controllers transmits a command for the memory and a command for the one or more non-volatile storage devices according to an access protocol capable of being converted into both an access protocol for accessing the memory and an access protocol for accessing the one or more non-volatile storage devices, and the controller protocol conversion unit converts the command for the memory into a command of the access protocol for accessing the memory, and converts the command for the one or more non-volatile storage devices into a command of the access protocol for accessing the one or more non-volatile storage devices. 10. A control method of a storage system, wherein
the storage system includes a plurality of storage controllers, and a drive box that includes one or more non-volatile storage devices, and a memory on which reading and writing are performed in a unit different from a unit for reading and writing the one or more non-volatile storage devices and which stores control information to be used by the plurality of storage controllers, and the control method includes receiving an exclusive access command for the control information of the memory from one storage controller of the plurality of storage controllers, letting another access command received from the storage controller different from the one storage controller wait until the exclusive access command is completed, and executing the other access command after the exclusive access command is completed. 11. The control method according to claim 10, further comprising:
writing contents of the memory to the one or more non-volatile storage devices or another backup non-volatile storage device within the drive box when external power feeding is stopped. 12. The control method according to claim 11, further comprising:
waiting, by the plurality of storage controllers, for a restoration completion notification from the drive box when the external power feeding is restored after the external power feeding is stopped; re-storing, by the drive box, the contents of the memory written in the one or more non-volatile storage devices or another backup non-volatile storage device into the memory; transmitting, by the drive box, the restoration completion notification indicating that the contents of the memory are re-stored in the memory to each of the plurality of storage controllers; and resuming, by each of the plurality of storage controllers, an operation when the restoration completion notification is received. 13. The control method according to claim 10, wherein
the drive box includes a plurality of memories including the memory, and the control method further includes writing information stored in one of the plurality of memories into the other one or more memories. 14. The control method according to claim 13, further comprising:
writing the information stored in one memory of the plurality of memories by one storage controller of the plurality of storage controllers into the other one or more memories different from the one memory; and notifying the one storage controller that writing of the information is completed after writing of the information into the other one or more memories is completed. 15. The control method according to claim 10, wherein
the drive box includes a memory controller, each of the plurality of storage controllers includes a processor that performs control and a processor memory connected to the processor, the control method further includes transmitting, by the processor of one storage controller of the plurality of storage controllers, information stored in the processor memory of the one storage controller to the memory controller, storing, by the memory controller, the transmitted information in the memory of the drive box, transmitting, by the memory controller, updated information to the processor of the one storage controller when the information stored in the memory is updated by the other processor different from the processor of the one storage controller, and reflecting, by the processor of the one storage controller, the updated information to the information stored in the processor memory of the one storage controller. | A storage system includes a plurality of storage controllers and a drive box including one or more non-volatile storage devices. The drive box includes a memory on which reading and writing are performed in a unit different from a unit for reading and writing the one or more non-volatile storage devices, and which stores control information to be used by the plurality of storage controllers, and a memory controller that enables each storage controller of the plurality of storage controllers to exclusively read and write the control information of the memory by arbitrating accesses to the memory from the plurality of storage controllers.1. A storage system comprising:
a plurality of storage controllers; and a drive box that includes one or more non-volatile storage devices, wherein the drive box includes a memory on which reading and writing are performed in a unit different from a unit for reading and writing the one or more non-volatile storage devices, and which stores control information to be used by the plurality of storage controllers, and a memory controller that enables each storage controller of the plurality of storage controllers to exclusively read and write the control information of the memory by mediating access to the memory from each of the plurality of storage controllers. 2. The storage system according to claim 1, wherein
the drive box includes a battery that supplies a power when external power feeding is stopped, and the memory retains contents of the memory by the power from the battery when the external power feeding is stopped. 3. The storage system according to claim 2, wherein
the plurality of storage controllers stops operations when the external power feeding is stopped, and resumes the operations by using the control information stored in the memory when the external power feeding is restored. 4. The storage system according to claim 1, wherein
the memory controller writes contents of the memory to the one or more non-volatile storage devices or another backup storage device within the drive box when external power feeding is stopped. 5. The storage system according to claim 1, wherein
the memory includes a non-volatile memory element. 6. The storage system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of memories including the memory; and a plurality of memory controllers including the memory controller, wherein each memory of the plurality of memories is connected to only one memory controller of the plurality of memory controllers, a first memory controller of the memory controllers transmits the information stored in the memory connected to the first memory controller to one or more other memory controllers, and each of the one or more other memory controllers stores the information received from the first memory controller in the memory connected to each of the one or more other memory controllers. 7. The storage system according to claim 6, wherein
the first memory controller stores the information received from one storage controller of the plurality of storage controllers in the memory connected to the first memory controller according to an instruction from the one storage controller, and transmits the information received from the one storage controller to the one or more other memory controllers, each of the one or more other memory controllers transmits a write completion notification indicating that the writing of the information received from the first memory controller into the memory connected to each of the one or more other memory controllers is completed to the first memory controller, and the first memory controller notifies the one storage controller of a write completion of the information received from the one storage controller when the write completion notification is received from all the one or more other memory controllers. 8. The storage system according to claim 1, wherein
the drive box includes a device protocol conversion unit, and each of the plurality of storage controllers transmits a command for the memory and a command for the one or more non-volatile storage devices according to an access protocol for accessing the memory, and the device protocol conversion unit converts the command for the one or more non-volatile storage devices into a command of an access protocol for accessing the one or more non-volatile storage devices. 9. The storage system according to claim 1, wherein
the drive box includes a controller protocol conversion unit, each of the plurality of storage controllers transmits a command for the memory and a command for the one or more non-volatile storage devices according to an access protocol capable of being converted into both an access protocol for accessing the memory and an access protocol for accessing the one or more non-volatile storage devices, and the controller protocol conversion unit converts the command for the memory into a command of the access protocol for accessing the memory, and converts the command for the one or more non-volatile storage devices into a command of the access protocol for accessing the one or more non-volatile storage devices. 10. A control method of a storage system, wherein
the storage system includes a plurality of storage controllers, and a drive box that includes one or more non-volatile storage devices, and a memory on which reading and writing are performed in a unit different from a unit for reading and writing the one or more non-volatile storage devices and which stores control information to be used by the plurality of storage controllers, and the control method includes receiving an exclusive access command for the control information of the memory from one storage controller of the plurality of storage controllers, letting another access command received from the storage controller different from the one storage controller wait until the exclusive access command is completed, and executing the other access command after the exclusive access command is completed. 11. The control method according to claim 10, further comprising:
writing contents of the memory to the one or more non-volatile storage devices or another backup non-volatile storage device within the drive box when external power feeding is stopped. 12. The control method according to claim 11, further comprising:
waiting, by the plurality of storage controllers, for a restoration completion notification from the drive box when the external power feeding is restored after the external power feeding is stopped; re-storing, by the drive box, the contents of the memory written in the one or more non-volatile storage devices or another backup non-volatile storage device into the memory; transmitting, by the drive box, the restoration completion notification indicating that the contents of the memory are re-stored in the memory to each of the plurality of storage controllers; and resuming, by each of the plurality of storage controllers, an operation when the restoration completion notification is received. 13. The control method according to claim 10, wherein
the drive box includes a plurality of memories including the memory, and the control method further includes writing information stored in one of the plurality of memories into the other one or more memories. 14. The control method according to claim 13, further comprising:
writing the information stored in one memory of the plurality of memories by one storage controller of the plurality of storage controllers into the other one or more memories different from the one memory; and notifying the one storage controller that writing of the information is completed after writing of the information into the other one or more memories is completed. 15. The control method according to claim 10, wherein
the drive box includes a memory controller, each of the plurality of storage controllers includes a processor that performs control and a processor memory connected to the processor, the control method further includes transmitting, by the processor of one storage controller of the plurality of storage controllers, information stored in the processor memory of the one storage controller to the memory controller, storing, by the memory controller, the transmitted information in the memory of the drive box, transmitting, by the memory controller, updated information to the processor of the one storage controller when the information stored in the memory is updated by the other processor different from the processor of the one storage controller, and reflecting, by the processor of the one storage controller, the updated information to the information stored in the processor memory of the one storage controller. | 3,700 |
341,069 | 16,801,336 | 3,791 | A semiconductor memory device according to an embodiment includes a substrate, first to eleventh conductive layers, first and second pillars, and first to fourth insulating regions. The first insulating regions are provided between the third and fifth conductive layers and between the fourth and sixth conductive layers. The second insulating regions are provided between the eighth and tenth conductive layers and between the ninth and eleventh conductive layers. The third insulating region is provided between the third to sixth conductive layers and the eighth to eleventh conductive layers. The fourth insulating region is provided between the second and seventh conductive layers. The fourth insulating region is separated from the third insulating region in a planar view. | 1. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a substrate; a first conductive layer provided above the substrate; a second conductive layer provided above the first conductive layer; a third conductive layer and a fourth conductive layer provided above the second conductive layer, the third conductive layer and the fourth conductive layer being separated from each other in a first direction; a fifth conductive layer provided in the same level of a layered structure as the third conductive layer above the second conductive layer, the fifth conductive layer being separated from the third conductive layer; a sixth conductive layer provided in the same level of the layered structure as the fourth conductive layer above the second conductive layer, the sixth conductive layer being separated from the fourth conductive layer; a plurality of first insulating regions provided between the third conductive layer and the fifth conductive layer and between the fourth conductive layer and the sixth conductive layer, along a second direction intersecting the first direction; a first pillar provided between the first insulating regions and penetrating the second conductive layer along the first direction, the first pillar including a first semiconductor layer and a first insulating layer, the first semiconductor layer being in contact with the first conductive layer, the first insulating layer provided between the first semiconductor layer and the second to sixth conductive layers; a seventh conductive layer provided in the same level of the layered structure as the second conductive layer above the first conductive layer, the seventh conductive layer being separated from the second conductive layer; an eighth conductive layer and a ninth conductive layer provided above the seventh conductive layer and being separated from each other in the first direction; a tenth conductive layer provided in the same level of the layered structure as the eighth conductive layer above the seventh conductive layer, the tenth conductive layer being separated from the eighth conductive layer; an eleventh conductive layer provided in the same level of the layered structure as the ninth conductive layer above the seventh conductive layer, the eleventh conductive layer being separated from the ninth conductive layer; a plurality of second insulating regions provided along the second direction between the eighth conductive layer and the tenth conductive layer and between the ninth conductive layer and the eleventh conductive layer; a second pillar provided between the second insulating regions and penetrating the seventh conductive layer along the first direction, the second pillar including a second semiconductor layer and a second insulating layer, the second semiconductor layer being in contact with the first conductive layer, the second insulating layer being provided between the second semiconductor layer and the seventh to eleventh conductive layers; a third insulating region provided between the third to sixth conductive layers and the eighth to eleventh conductive layers along the second direction; and a fourth insulating region provided between the second conductive layer and the seventh conductive layer, the fourth insulating region being separated from the third insulating region in a planar view. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein
the fourth insulating region is provided between the first pillar and the second pillar in a planar view. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein
the first pillar and the second pillar are both separated from the fourth insulating region. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein
the fourth conductive layer and the eighth conductive layer are arranged adjacent to each other with the third insulating region interposed between in a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction, and the fifth conductive layer and the ninth conductive layer are arranged adjacent to each other with the third insulating region interposed between in the third direction. 5. The device of claim 4, further comprising:
a third pillar penetrating either one of the second conductive layer or the seventh conductive layer and extending along the first direction, the third pillar including a third insulating layer between the third to sixth conductive layers and the eighth to eleventh conductive layers. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein
the third pillar divides the third insulating region in the second direction, and the third insulating layer is in contact with each of the fourth conductive layer, the fifth conductive layer, the eighth conductive layer, and the ninth conductive layer. 7. The device of claim 5, wherein
the fourth insulating region is separated from the third insulating region in the third direction in a planar view. 8. The device of claim 5, wherein
the fourth insulating region includes a portion provided along a side surface of the third pillar in a planar view. 9. The device of claim 5, wherein
the third insulating region overlaps either one of the second conductive layer and the seventh conductive layer in a planar view. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein
the first semiconductor layer is in contact with the first conductive layer via a side surface of the first pillar, and the second semiconductor layer is in contact with the first conductive layer via a side surface of the second pillar. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein
a portion between the first pillar and the third conductive layer functions as part of a first memory cell transistor, a portion between the first pillar and the fourth conductive layer functions as part of a second memory cell transistor, a portion between the first pillar and the fifth conductive layer functions as part of a third memory cell transistor, a portion between the first pillar and the sixth conductive layer functions as part of a fourth memory cell transistor, a portion between the second pillar and the eighth conductive layer functions as part of a fifth memory cell transistor, a portion between the second pillar and the ninth conductive layer functions as part of a sixth memory cell transistor, a portion between the second pillar and the tenth conductive layer functions as part of a seventh memory cell transistor, and a portion between the second pillar and the eleventh conductive layer functions as part of an eighth memory cell transistor. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein
each of the third to sixth conductive layers and the eighth to eleventh conductive layers extends in the second direction. 13. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a twelfth conductive layer provided above the third to sixth conductive layers and the eighth to eleventh conductive layers; a first contact provided between the first semiconductor layer and the twelfth conductive layer; and a second contact provided between the second semiconductor layer and the twelfth conductive layer, wherein the first conductive layer is used as a source line, the second conductive layer is used as a first source-side select gate line, the seventh conductive layer is used as a second source-side select gate line, the third to sixth and eighth to eleventh conductive layers are used as first to eighth word lines, respectively, and the twelfth conductive layer is used as a bit line. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein
the first and second source-side select gate lines and the first to eighth word lines are independently controlled. 15. The device of claim 13, further comprising:
a thirteenth conductive layer provided above the fourth conductive layer, adjacent to the first semiconductor layer with the first insulating layer interposed between; a fourteenth conductive layer provided above the sixth conductive layer, adjacent to the first semiconductor layer with the first insulating layer interposed between; a fifteenth conductive layer provided above the ninth conductive layer, adjacent to the second semiconductor layer with the second insulating layer interposed between; and a sixteenth conductive layer provided above the eleventh conductive layer, adjacent to the second semiconductor layer with the second insulating layer interposed between, wherein the thirteenth conductive layer is used as a first drain-side select gate line, the fourteenth conductive layer is used as a second drain-side select gate line, the fifteenth conductive layer is used as a third drain-side select gate line, and the sixteenth conductive layer is used as a fourth drain-side select gate line. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein
the first drain-side select gate line, the second drain-side select gate line, the third drain-side select gate line, and the fourth drain-side select gate line are independently controlled. 17. The device of claim 1, wherein
the second conductive layer and the seventh conductive layer each include phosphorus-doped silicon. 18. The device of claim 1, wherein
the third to sixth conductive layers and the eighth to eleventh conductive layers each include tungsten. | A semiconductor memory device according to an embodiment includes a substrate, first to eleventh conductive layers, first and second pillars, and first to fourth insulating regions. The first insulating regions are provided between the third and fifth conductive layers and between the fourth and sixth conductive layers. The second insulating regions are provided between the eighth and tenth conductive layers and between the ninth and eleventh conductive layers. The third insulating region is provided between the third to sixth conductive layers and the eighth to eleventh conductive layers. The fourth insulating region is provided between the second and seventh conductive layers. The fourth insulating region is separated from the third insulating region in a planar view.1. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a substrate; a first conductive layer provided above the substrate; a second conductive layer provided above the first conductive layer; a third conductive layer and a fourth conductive layer provided above the second conductive layer, the third conductive layer and the fourth conductive layer being separated from each other in a first direction; a fifth conductive layer provided in the same level of a layered structure as the third conductive layer above the second conductive layer, the fifth conductive layer being separated from the third conductive layer; a sixth conductive layer provided in the same level of the layered structure as the fourth conductive layer above the second conductive layer, the sixth conductive layer being separated from the fourth conductive layer; a plurality of first insulating regions provided between the third conductive layer and the fifth conductive layer and between the fourth conductive layer and the sixth conductive layer, along a second direction intersecting the first direction; a first pillar provided between the first insulating regions and penetrating the second conductive layer along the first direction, the first pillar including a first semiconductor layer and a first insulating layer, the first semiconductor layer being in contact with the first conductive layer, the first insulating layer provided between the first semiconductor layer and the second to sixth conductive layers; a seventh conductive layer provided in the same level of the layered structure as the second conductive layer above the first conductive layer, the seventh conductive layer being separated from the second conductive layer; an eighth conductive layer and a ninth conductive layer provided above the seventh conductive layer and being separated from each other in the first direction; a tenth conductive layer provided in the same level of the layered structure as the eighth conductive layer above the seventh conductive layer, the tenth conductive layer being separated from the eighth conductive layer; an eleventh conductive layer provided in the same level of the layered structure as the ninth conductive layer above the seventh conductive layer, the eleventh conductive layer being separated from the ninth conductive layer; a plurality of second insulating regions provided along the second direction between the eighth conductive layer and the tenth conductive layer and between the ninth conductive layer and the eleventh conductive layer; a second pillar provided between the second insulating regions and penetrating the seventh conductive layer along the first direction, the second pillar including a second semiconductor layer and a second insulating layer, the second semiconductor layer being in contact with the first conductive layer, the second insulating layer being provided between the second semiconductor layer and the seventh to eleventh conductive layers; a third insulating region provided between the third to sixth conductive layers and the eighth to eleventh conductive layers along the second direction; and a fourth insulating region provided between the second conductive layer and the seventh conductive layer, the fourth insulating region being separated from the third insulating region in a planar view. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein
the fourth insulating region is provided between the first pillar and the second pillar in a planar view. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein
the first pillar and the second pillar are both separated from the fourth insulating region. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein
the fourth conductive layer and the eighth conductive layer are arranged adjacent to each other with the third insulating region interposed between in a third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction, and the fifth conductive layer and the ninth conductive layer are arranged adjacent to each other with the third insulating region interposed between in the third direction. 5. The device of claim 4, further comprising:
a third pillar penetrating either one of the second conductive layer or the seventh conductive layer and extending along the first direction, the third pillar including a third insulating layer between the third to sixth conductive layers and the eighth to eleventh conductive layers. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein
the third pillar divides the third insulating region in the second direction, and the third insulating layer is in contact with each of the fourth conductive layer, the fifth conductive layer, the eighth conductive layer, and the ninth conductive layer. 7. The device of claim 5, wherein
the fourth insulating region is separated from the third insulating region in the third direction in a planar view. 8. The device of claim 5, wherein
the fourth insulating region includes a portion provided along a side surface of the third pillar in a planar view. 9. The device of claim 5, wherein
the third insulating region overlaps either one of the second conductive layer and the seventh conductive layer in a planar view. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein
the first semiconductor layer is in contact with the first conductive layer via a side surface of the first pillar, and the second semiconductor layer is in contact with the first conductive layer via a side surface of the second pillar. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein
a portion between the first pillar and the third conductive layer functions as part of a first memory cell transistor, a portion between the first pillar and the fourth conductive layer functions as part of a second memory cell transistor, a portion between the first pillar and the fifth conductive layer functions as part of a third memory cell transistor, a portion between the first pillar and the sixth conductive layer functions as part of a fourth memory cell transistor, a portion between the second pillar and the eighth conductive layer functions as part of a fifth memory cell transistor, a portion between the second pillar and the ninth conductive layer functions as part of a sixth memory cell transistor, a portion between the second pillar and the tenth conductive layer functions as part of a seventh memory cell transistor, and a portion between the second pillar and the eleventh conductive layer functions as part of an eighth memory cell transistor. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein
each of the third to sixth conductive layers and the eighth to eleventh conductive layers extends in the second direction. 13. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a twelfth conductive layer provided above the third to sixth conductive layers and the eighth to eleventh conductive layers; a first contact provided between the first semiconductor layer and the twelfth conductive layer; and a second contact provided between the second semiconductor layer and the twelfth conductive layer, wherein the first conductive layer is used as a source line, the second conductive layer is used as a first source-side select gate line, the seventh conductive layer is used as a second source-side select gate line, the third to sixth and eighth to eleventh conductive layers are used as first to eighth word lines, respectively, and the twelfth conductive layer is used as a bit line. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein
the first and second source-side select gate lines and the first to eighth word lines are independently controlled. 15. The device of claim 13, further comprising:
a thirteenth conductive layer provided above the fourth conductive layer, adjacent to the first semiconductor layer with the first insulating layer interposed between; a fourteenth conductive layer provided above the sixth conductive layer, adjacent to the first semiconductor layer with the first insulating layer interposed between; a fifteenth conductive layer provided above the ninth conductive layer, adjacent to the second semiconductor layer with the second insulating layer interposed between; and a sixteenth conductive layer provided above the eleventh conductive layer, adjacent to the second semiconductor layer with the second insulating layer interposed between, wherein the thirteenth conductive layer is used as a first drain-side select gate line, the fourteenth conductive layer is used as a second drain-side select gate line, the fifteenth conductive layer is used as a third drain-side select gate line, and the sixteenth conductive layer is used as a fourth drain-side select gate line. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein
the first drain-side select gate line, the second drain-side select gate line, the third drain-side select gate line, and the fourth drain-side select gate line are independently controlled. 17. The device of claim 1, wherein
the second conductive layer and the seventh conductive layer each include phosphorus-doped silicon. 18. The device of claim 1, wherein
the third to sixth conductive layers and the eighth to eleventh conductive layers each include tungsten. | 3,700 |
341,070 | 16,801,355 | 3,791 | An object of the invention is to provide an ultrasonic probe, an ultrasonic diagnostic device, and a manufacturing method of the ultrasonic probe, which are capable of reducing a product defect rate. An ultrasonic probe according to one embodiment includes a plurality of channels. Each of the plurality of channels includes a vibrator that outputs an ultrasonic wave, and a transmission circuit unit that changes an output in response to an input transmission signal and causes the vibrator to output the ultrasonic wave by driving the vibrator with the output. Here, the transmission circuit unit includes a stop signal holding circuit that holds a stop signal when the stop signal is input in advance, and selects whether to change the output in response to the transmission signal based on whether the stop signal is held. | 1. An ultrasonic probe comprising:
a plurality of channels, wherein each of the plurality of channels includes
a vibrator that is configured to output an ultrasonic wave, and
a transmission circuit unit that is configured to change an output in response to an input transmission signal and cause the vibrator to output the ultrasonic wave by driving the vibrator with the output, and
the transmission circuit unit includes a stop signal holding circuit that holds a stop signal when the stop signal is input in advance, and selects whether to change the output in response to the transmission signal based on whether the stop signal is held. 2. The ultrasonic probe according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of channels are arranged two-dimensionally. 3. The ultrasonic probe according to claim 2, further comprising:
a memory that stores setting information of setting a channel to be an input target of the stop signal. 4. The ultrasonic probe according to claim 3, wherein
the transmission circuit units of the plurality of channels are connected to a common power source, and the setting information is determined, by detecting change of a power source current flowing through the common power source while changing respective output levels of the transmission circuit units of the plurality of channels by using the transmission signal for test. 5. An ultrasonic diagnostic device, comprising:
an ultrasonic probe that includes a plurality of channels; and an ultrasonic diagnostic device body that is connected to the ultrasonic probe via a cable and is configured to supply power to and control the ultrasonic probe, wherein each of the plurality of channels of the ultrasonic probe includes
a vibrator that is configured to output an ultrasonic wave; and
a transmission circuit unit that changes an output in response to an input transmission signal and causes the vibrator to output the ultrasonic wave by driving the vibrator with the output, and
the transmission circuit unit includes a stop signal holding circuit that holds a stop signal when the stop signal is input in advance, and selects whether to change the output in response to the transmission signal based on whether the stop signal is held. 6. The ultrasonic diagnostic device according to claim 5, wherein
the plurality of channels are arranged two-dimensionally. 7. The ultrasonic diagnostic device according to claim 6, wherein
the ultrasonic probe further includes a memory that stores setting information of setting a channel to be an input target of the stop signal, and the ultrasonic diagnostic device body issues an instruction to the ultrasonic probe based on the setting information read from the memory, the instruction being for inputting the stop signal to a channel serving as an input target of the stop signal. 8. The ultrasonic diagnostic device according to claim 6, wherein
the transmission circuit units of the plurality of channels are connected to a common power source, and the ultrasonic diagnostic device body includes a self-diagnosis unit that determines a channel serving as an input target of the stop signal by detecting change of a power source current flowing through the common power source while changing respective output levels of the transmission circuit units of the plurality of channels by using the transmission signal for test. 9. A manufacturing method of an ultrasonic probe including a plurality of channels,
each of the plurality of channels including
a vibrator that is configured to output an ultrasonic wave, and
a transmission circuit unit that is configured to hold operation availability information indicating whether or not to change an output in response to an input transmission signal, and, when to change the output based on the operation availability information, causes the vibrator to output the ultrasonic wave by driving the vibrator with the output, and
the transmission circuit units of the plurality of channels being connected to a common power source,
the manufacturing method comprising: a first step of assembling the ultrasonic probe, by preparing a transducer unit in which the vibrators of the plurality of channels are formed and a control IC in which the transmission circuit units of the plurality of channels are formed, and by wiring the vibrator and the transmission circuit unit for each of the plurality of channels; and a second step of determining the operation availability information for each of the plurality of channels, by the inspection device taking the ultrasonic probe as a target and detecting change in a power source current flowing through the common power supply while changing each output level of the transmission circuit units of the plurality of channels by using the transmission signal for test. 10. The manufacturing method of the ultrasonic probe according to claim 9, wherein
the plurality of channels are two-dimensionally arranged in a row direction and a column direction. 11. The manufacturing method of the ultrasonic probe according to claim 10, wherein
in the second step, the inspection device compares the power source current with a predetermined current threshold, in a state where a potential difference is generated in the output levels of the transmission circuit units between an observation channel and an adjacent channel arranged adjacent to the observation channel. 12. The manufacturing method of the ultrasonic probe according to claim 11, wherein
in the second step, the inspection device searches for the adjacent channel, between which and the observation channel a short circuit failure occurs, while changing one by one the adjacent channel, between which and the observation channel a potential difference is generated, taking the observation channel as a reference. 13. The manufacturing method of the ultrasonic probe according to claim 10, wherein
in the second step, the inspection device controls the output level of the transmission circuit unit in units of the plurality of channels arranged in the same column, or in units of the plurality of channels arranged in the same row. 14. The manufacturing method of the ultrasonic probe according to claim 10, wherein
in the second step, the inspection device controls the output level of the transmission circuit unit in units of the plurality of channels arranged in a staggered pattern. 15. The manufacturing method of the ultrasonic probe according to claim 9, wherein
the ultrasonic probe further includes a memory that stores the operation availability information as setting information for each of the plurality of channels, and in the second step, the inspection device writes the setting information into the memory. | An object of the invention is to provide an ultrasonic probe, an ultrasonic diagnostic device, and a manufacturing method of the ultrasonic probe, which are capable of reducing a product defect rate. An ultrasonic probe according to one embodiment includes a plurality of channels. Each of the plurality of channels includes a vibrator that outputs an ultrasonic wave, and a transmission circuit unit that changes an output in response to an input transmission signal and causes the vibrator to output the ultrasonic wave by driving the vibrator with the output. Here, the transmission circuit unit includes a stop signal holding circuit that holds a stop signal when the stop signal is input in advance, and selects whether to change the output in response to the transmission signal based on whether the stop signal is held.1. An ultrasonic probe comprising:
a plurality of channels, wherein each of the plurality of channels includes
a vibrator that is configured to output an ultrasonic wave, and
a transmission circuit unit that is configured to change an output in response to an input transmission signal and cause the vibrator to output the ultrasonic wave by driving the vibrator with the output, and
the transmission circuit unit includes a stop signal holding circuit that holds a stop signal when the stop signal is input in advance, and selects whether to change the output in response to the transmission signal based on whether the stop signal is held. 2. The ultrasonic probe according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of channels are arranged two-dimensionally. 3. The ultrasonic probe according to claim 2, further comprising:
a memory that stores setting information of setting a channel to be an input target of the stop signal. 4. The ultrasonic probe according to claim 3, wherein
the transmission circuit units of the plurality of channels are connected to a common power source, and the setting information is determined, by detecting change of a power source current flowing through the common power source while changing respective output levels of the transmission circuit units of the plurality of channels by using the transmission signal for test. 5. An ultrasonic diagnostic device, comprising:
an ultrasonic probe that includes a plurality of channels; and an ultrasonic diagnostic device body that is connected to the ultrasonic probe via a cable and is configured to supply power to and control the ultrasonic probe, wherein each of the plurality of channels of the ultrasonic probe includes
a vibrator that is configured to output an ultrasonic wave; and
a transmission circuit unit that changes an output in response to an input transmission signal and causes the vibrator to output the ultrasonic wave by driving the vibrator with the output, and
the transmission circuit unit includes a stop signal holding circuit that holds a stop signal when the stop signal is input in advance, and selects whether to change the output in response to the transmission signal based on whether the stop signal is held. 6. The ultrasonic diagnostic device according to claim 5, wherein
the plurality of channels are arranged two-dimensionally. 7. The ultrasonic diagnostic device according to claim 6, wherein
the ultrasonic probe further includes a memory that stores setting information of setting a channel to be an input target of the stop signal, and the ultrasonic diagnostic device body issues an instruction to the ultrasonic probe based on the setting information read from the memory, the instruction being for inputting the stop signal to a channel serving as an input target of the stop signal. 8. The ultrasonic diagnostic device according to claim 6, wherein
the transmission circuit units of the plurality of channels are connected to a common power source, and the ultrasonic diagnostic device body includes a self-diagnosis unit that determines a channel serving as an input target of the stop signal by detecting change of a power source current flowing through the common power source while changing respective output levels of the transmission circuit units of the plurality of channels by using the transmission signal for test. 9. A manufacturing method of an ultrasonic probe including a plurality of channels,
each of the plurality of channels including
a vibrator that is configured to output an ultrasonic wave, and
a transmission circuit unit that is configured to hold operation availability information indicating whether or not to change an output in response to an input transmission signal, and, when to change the output based on the operation availability information, causes the vibrator to output the ultrasonic wave by driving the vibrator with the output, and
the transmission circuit units of the plurality of channels being connected to a common power source,
the manufacturing method comprising: a first step of assembling the ultrasonic probe, by preparing a transducer unit in which the vibrators of the plurality of channels are formed and a control IC in which the transmission circuit units of the plurality of channels are formed, and by wiring the vibrator and the transmission circuit unit for each of the plurality of channels; and a second step of determining the operation availability information for each of the plurality of channels, by the inspection device taking the ultrasonic probe as a target and detecting change in a power source current flowing through the common power supply while changing each output level of the transmission circuit units of the plurality of channels by using the transmission signal for test. 10. The manufacturing method of the ultrasonic probe according to claim 9, wherein
the plurality of channels are two-dimensionally arranged in a row direction and a column direction. 11. The manufacturing method of the ultrasonic probe according to claim 10, wherein
in the second step, the inspection device compares the power source current with a predetermined current threshold, in a state where a potential difference is generated in the output levels of the transmission circuit units between an observation channel and an adjacent channel arranged adjacent to the observation channel. 12. The manufacturing method of the ultrasonic probe according to claim 11, wherein
in the second step, the inspection device searches for the adjacent channel, between which and the observation channel a short circuit failure occurs, while changing one by one the adjacent channel, between which and the observation channel a potential difference is generated, taking the observation channel as a reference. 13. The manufacturing method of the ultrasonic probe according to claim 10, wherein
in the second step, the inspection device controls the output level of the transmission circuit unit in units of the plurality of channels arranged in the same column, or in units of the plurality of channels arranged in the same row. 14. The manufacturing method of the ultrasonic probe according to claim 10, wherein
in the second step, the inspection device controls the output level of the transmission circuit unit in units of the plurality of channels arranged in a staggered pattern. 15. The manufacturing method of the ultrasonic probe according to claim 9, wherein
the ultrasonic probe further includes a memory that stores the operation availability information as setting information for each of the plurality of channels, and in the second step, the inspection device writes the setting information into the memory. | 3,700 |
341,071 | 16,801,372 | 3,791 | An acoustic wave filter device includes a plurality of acoustic wave resonators. Each of the acoustic wave resonators includes a piezoelectric layer and an IDT electrode provided on the piezoelectric layer. On a surface opposite to a surface of the piezoelectric layer on which the IDT electrode is provided, a low-acoustic-velocity film and a substrate made of a semiconductor are stacked. A routing line electrically connected to an antenna terminal is provided on an insulating film provided on the piezoelectric layer. | 1. An acoustic wave filter device comprising:
an antenna terminal electrically connected to an antenna; an input or output terminal; and 2. An acoustic wave filter device comprising:
an antenna terminal electrically connected to an antenna; an input or output terminal; and an acoustic wave filter electrically connected between the antenna terminal and the input or output terminal and including a plurality of acoustic wave resonators; wherein the acoustic wave resonators each include a substrate made of a semiconductor, a piezoelectric layer provided on the substrate made of the semiconductor and including first and second major surfaces facing each other; a first electrode is provided on the first major surface of the piezoelectric layer, and a second electrode is provided on the second major surface of the piezoelectric layer and facing the first electrode with the piezoelectric layer interposed between the second electrode and the first electrode; and the acoustic wave filter device further includes an insulating film provided on the piezoelectric layer, and a routing line provided on the insulating film and electrically connected to the antenna terminal. 3. The acoustic wave filter device according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is a silicon substrate. 4. The acoustic wave filter device according to claim 1, wherein the insulating film is made of a synthetic resin. 5. The acoustic wave filter device according to claim 1, wherein the insulating film is made of an inorganic insulating material. 6. A composite filter device comprising:
the acoustic wave filter device according to claim 1; and at least one other acoustic wave filter device sharing a common electrical connection to the antenna terminal. 7. The composite filter device according to claim 6, wherein the composite filter device is a multiplexer. 8. A composite filter device, comprising:
a plurality of acoustic wave filter devices sharing a common electrical connection to the antenna terminal through a switch; and at least one acoustic wave filter device of the plurality of acoustic wave filter devices is the acoustic wave filter device according to claim 1. 9. The acoustic wave filter device according to claim 2, wherein the substrate is a silicon substrate. 10. The acoustic wave filter device according to claim 2, wherein the insulating film is made of a synthetic resin. 11. The acoustic wave filter device according to claim 2, wherein the insulating film is made of an inorganic insulating material. 12. A composite filter device comprising:
the acoustic wave filter device according to claim 2; and at least one other acoustic wave filter device sharing a common electrical connection to the antenna terminal. 13. The composite filter device according to claim 12, wherein the composite filter device is a multiplexer. 14. A composite filter device, comprising:
a plurality of acoustic wave filter devices sharing a common electrical connection to the antenna terminal through a switch; and at least one acoustic wave filter device of the plurality of acoustic wave filter devices is the acoustic wave filter device according to claim 2. 15. The composite filter device according to claim 14, wherein
the plurality of acoustic wave filter devices include a first acoustic wave filter and a second acoustic wave filter, and a pass band of the first acoustic wave filter is different from a pass band of the second acoustic wave filter. 16. The acoustic wave filter device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of series-arm resonators are provided in a series arm that electrically connects the antenna terminal and the input or output terminal. 17. The acoustic wave filter device according to claim 16, wherein a parallel-arm resonator is electrically connected between a ground terminal and a connection point between two of the plurality series-arm resonators. 18. The acoustic wave filter device according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic wave filter is a ladder filter. 19. The acoustic wave filter device according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic wave filter is a notch filter. | An acoustic wave filter device includes a plurality of acoustic wave resonators. Each of the acoustic wave resonators includes a piezoelectric layer and an IDT electrode provided on the piezoelectric layer. On a surface opposite to a surface of the piezoelectric layer on which the IDT electrode is provided, a low-acoustic-velocity film and a substrate made of a semiconductor are stacked. A routing line electrically connected to an antenna terminal is provided on an insulating film provided on the piezoelectric layer.1. An acoustic wave filter device comprising:
an antenna terminal electrically connected to an antenna; an input or output terminal; and 2. An acoustic wave filter device comprising:
an antenna terminal electrically connected to an antenna; an input or output terminal; and an acoustic wave filter electrically connected between the antenna terminal and the input or output terminal and including a plurality of acoustic wave resonators; wherein the acoustic wave resonators each include a substrate made of a semiconductor, a piezoelectric layer provided on the substrate made of the semiconductor and including first and second major surfaces facing each other; a first electrode is provided on the first major surface of the piezoelectric layer, and a second electrode is provided on the second major surface of the piezoelectric layer and facing the first electrode with the piezoelectric layer interposed between the second electrode and the first electrode; and the acoustic wave filter device further includes an insulating film provided on the piezoelectric layer, and a routing line provided on the insulating film and electrically connected to the antenna terminal. 3. The acoustic wave filter device according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is a silicon substrate. 4. The acoustic wave filter device according to claim 1, wherein the insulating film is made of a synthetic resin. 5. The acoustic wave filter device according to claim 1, wherein the insulating film is made of an inorganic insulating material. 6. A composite filter device comprising:
the acoustic wave filter device according to claim 1; and at least one other acoustic wave filter device sharing a common electrical connection to the antenna terminal. 7. The composite filter device according to claim 6, wherein the composite filter device is a multiplexer. 8. A composite filter device, comprising:
a plurality of acoustic wave filter devices sharing a common electrical connection to the antenna terminal through a switch; and at least one acoustic wave filter device of the plurality of acoustic wave filter devices is the acoustic wave filter device according to claim 1. 9. The acoustic wave filter device according to claim 2, wherein the substrate is a silicon substrate. 10. The acoustic wave filter device according to claim 2, wherein the insulating film is made of a synthetic resin. 11. The acoustic wave filter device according to claim 2, wherein the insulating film is made of an inorganic insulating material. 12. A composite filter device comprising:
the acoustic wave filter device according to claim 2; and at least one other acoustic wave filter device sharing a common electrical connection to the antenna terminal. 13. The composite filter device according to claim 12, wherein the composite filter device is a multiplexer. 14. A composite filter device, comprising:
a plurality of acoustic wave filter devices sharing a common electrical connection to the antenna terminal through a switch; and at least one acoustic wave filter device of the plurality of acoustic wave filter devices is the acoustic wave filter device according to claim 2. 15. The composite filter device according to claim 14, wherein
the plurality of acoustic wave filter devices include a first acoustic wave filter and a second acoustic wave filter, and a pass band of the first acoustic wave filter is different from a pass band of the second acoustic wave filter. 16. The acoustic wave filter device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of series-arm resonators are provided in a series arm that electrically connects the antenna terminal and the input or output terminal. 17. The acoustic wave filter device according to claim 16, wherein a parallel-arm resonator is electrically connected between a ground terminal and a connection point between two of the plurality series-arm resonators. 18. The acoustic wave filter device according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic wave filter is a ladder filter. 19. The acoustic wave filter device according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic wave filter is a notch filter. | 3,700 |
341,072 | 16,801,385 | 3,791 | The present invention provides a method for the treatment of immune mediated or immune related diseases or disorders, infectious diseases, metabolic disorders and cancer in mammalian subjects. This method comprises the administration of a naturally occurring, mammalian intermediary metabolite or T cell receptor ligand, preferably a glucosylceramide, to a mammalian subject. In a preferred embodiment, such mammalian subjects are human beings. | 1. A method for intrahepatic trapping of CD8+ T-cells in a mammal, comprising:
administering to a mammalian subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of glucocerebroside to intrahepatically trap CD8+ T-cells, 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mammalian subject is a human subject. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said administering step comprises parenteral administration of said pharmaceutical composition. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the mammalian subject is a human subject. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said administering step comprises intravenous, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous administration of said pharmaceutical composition. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the mammalian subject is a human subject. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said administering step comprises enteral administration of said pharmaceutical composition. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the mammalian subject is a human subject. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said administering step comprises oral administration of said pharmaceutical composition. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the mammalian subject is a human subject. | The present invention provides a method for the treatment of immune mediated or immune related diseases or disorders, infectious diseases, metabolic disorders and cancer in mammalian subjects. This method comprises the administration of a naturally occurring, mammalian intermediary metabolite or T cell receptor ligand, preferably a glucosylceramide, to a mammalian subject. In a preferred embodiment, such mammalian subjects are human beings.1. A method for intrahepatic trapping of CD8+ T-cells in a mammal, comprising:
administering to a mammalian subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of glucocerebroside to intrahepatically trap CD8+ T-cells, 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mammalian subject is a human subject. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said administering step comprises parenteral administration of said pharmaceutical composition. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the mammalian subject is a human subject. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said administering step comprises intravenous, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous administration of said pharmaceutical composition. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the mammalian subject is a human subject. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said administering step comprises enteral administration of said pharmaceutical composition. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the mammalian subject is a human subject. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said administering step comprises oral administration of said pharmaceutical composition. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the mammalian subject is a human subject. | 3,700 |
341,073 | 16,801,373 | 3,791 | The present invention relates to RNAi agents, e.g., double-stranded RNAi agents, targeting the hepatitis D virus (HDV) genome, and methods of using such RNAi agents to inhibit expression of one or more HBV genes and methods of treating subjects having an HDV infection and/or HDV-associated disorder. | 1. A double stranded RNAi agent for inhibiting expression of hepatitis D virus (HDV) in a cell, wherein said double stranded RNAi agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand forming a double-stranded region selected from the group consisting of
(a) a sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:29, and said antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:30; (b) a sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:31, and said antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:32; (c) a sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:33, and said antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:34; (d) a sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:35, and said antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:36; (e) a sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:37, and said antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:38; (f) a sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:39, and said antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:40; (g) a sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:41, and said antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:42; (h) a sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:43, and said antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:44; and (i) a sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:2551, and said antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:2552;
wherein substantially all of the nucleotides of said sense strand and substantially all of the nucleotides of said antisense strand are modified nucleotides,
wherein said sense strand is conjugated to a ligand attached at the 3′-terminus, and
wherein the ligand is one or more GalNAc derivatives attached through a bivalent or trivalent branched linker. 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. The double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1, wherein all of the nucleotides of said sense strand and all of the nucleotides of said antisense strand are modified nucleotides. 5. (canceled) 6. The double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1, wherein said sense strand and said antisense strand comprise a region of complementarity which comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from any one of the sense and antisense strands of AD-70260.1, AD-70232.1, AD-70249.1, AD-70244.1, AD-70272.1, AD-70228.1, AD-70255.1, AD-70278.1, AD-70295.1, AD-67200.1, AD-67211.1, AD-67199.1, AD-67202.1, AD-67208.1, AD-67210.1, AD-70259.1, AD-70267.1, AD-70272.1, AD-70271.1, AD-70268.1, AD-70269.1, AD-70232.1, AD-70256.1, AD-70257.1, and AD-70275.1. 7. (canceled) 8. The double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1, wherein at least one of said modified nucleotides is selected from the group consisting of a 3′-terminal deoxy-thymine (dT) nucleotide, a 2′-O-methyl modified nucleotide, a 2′-fluoro modified nucleotide, a 2′-deoxy-modified nucleotide, a locked nucleotide, an unlocked nucleotide, a conformationally restricted nucleotide, a constrained ethyl nucleotide, an abasic nucleotide, a 2′-amino-modified nucleotide, a 2′-O-allyl-modified nucleotide, 2′-C-alkyl-modified nucleotide, 2′-hydroxyl-modified nucleotide, a 2′-methoxyethyl modified nucleotide, a 2′-O-alkyl-modified nucleotide, a morpholino nucleotide, a phosphoramidate, a non-natural base comprising nucleotide, a tetrahydropyran modified nucleotide, a 1,5-anhydrohexitol modified nucleotide, a cyclohexenyl modified nucleotide, a nucleotide comprising a phosphorothioate group, a nucleotide comprising a methylphosphonate group, a nucleotide comprising a 5′-phosphate, and a nucleotide comprising a 5′-phosphate mimic. 9. The double stranded RNAi agent of any claim 1, wherein at least one strand comprises a 3′ overhang of at least 1 nucleotide; or at least 2 nucleotides. 10. (canceled) 11. The double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1, wherein the double-stranded region is 15-30 nucleotide pairs in length; 17-23 nucleotide pairs in length; 17-25 nucleotide pairs in length; 23-27 nucleotide pairs in length; 19-21 nucleotide pairs in length; or 21-23 nucleotide pairs in length. 12.-16. (canceled) 17. The double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1, wherein each strand has 15-30 nucleotides; or 19-30 nucleotides. 18. (canceled) 19. The double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1, wherein the ligand is 20. The double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1, wherein the RNAi agent is conjugated to the ligand as shown in the following schematic 21. (canceled) 22. The double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1, wherein said RNAi agent is selected from the consisting of any one of AD-70260.1, AD-70232.1, AD-70249.1, AD-70244.1, AD-70272.1, AD-70228.1, AD-70255.1, AD-70278.1, AD-70295.1, AD-67200.1, AD-67211.1, AD-67199.1, AD-67202.1, AD-67208.1, AD-67210.1, AD-70259.1, AD-70267.1, AD-70272.1, AD-70271.1, AD-70268.1, AD-70269.1, AD-70232.1, AD-70256.1, AD-70257.1, or AD-70275.1. 23. A double stranded RNAi agent for inhibiting expression of hepatitis D virus (HDV) in a cell, wherein said double stranded RNAi agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand forming a double-stranded region,
wherein said sense strand comprises any one of the sense sequences provided in any one of Table 11, 12, 31, and 32, and said antisense strand comprises any one of the antisense sequences provided in any one of Table 11, 12, 31, and 32, wherein substantially all of the nucleotides of said sense strand and substantially all of the nucleotides of said antisense strand are modified nucleotides, wherein said sense strand is conjugated to a ligand attached at the 3′-terminus, and wherein the ligand is one or more GalNAc derivatives attached through a bivalent or trivalent branched linker. 24.-38. (canceled) 39. A composition for inhibiting expression of hepatitis D virus (HDV) in a cell, said composition comprising:
(a) a first double-stranded RNAi agent comprising a first sense strand and a first antisense strand forming a double-stranded region, wherein substantially all of the nucleotides of said first sense strand and substantially all of the nucleotides of said first antisense strand are modified nucleotides, wherein said first sense strand is conjugated to a ligand attached at the 3′-terminus, and wherein the ligand is one or more GalNAc derivatives attached through a bivalent or trivalent branched linker; and (b) a second double-stranded RNAi agent comprising a second sense strand and a second antisense strand forming a double-stranded region, wherein substantially all of the nucleotides of said second sense strand and substantially all of the nucleotides of said second antisense strand are modified nucleotides, wherein said second sense strand is conjugated to a ligand attached at the 3′-terminus, and wherein the ligand is one or more GalNAc derivatives attached through a bivalent or trivalent branched linker; wherein the first and second sense strands each independently comprise a sequence selected from the group consisting of any one of the sense sequences of AD-70260.1, AD-70232.1, AD-70249.1, AD-70244.1, AD-70272.1, AD-70228.1, AD-70255.1, AD-70278.1, AD-70295.1, AD-67200.1, AD-67211.1, AD-67199.1, AD-67202.1, AD-67208.1, AD-67210.1, AD-70259.1, AD-70267.1, AD-70272.1, AD-70271.1, AD-70268.1, AD-70269.1, AD-70232.1, AD-70256.1, AD-70257.1, or AD-70275.1, and wherein the first and second antisense strands each independently comprise a sequence selected from the group consisting of any one of the antisense sequences of AD-70260.1, AD-70232.1, AD-70249.1, AD-70244.1, AD-70272.1, AD-70228.1, AD-70255.1, AD-70278.1, AD-70295.1, AD-67200.1, AD-67211.1, AD-67199.1, AD-67202.1, AD-67208.1, AD-67210.1, AD-70259.1, AD-70267.1, AD-70272.1, AD-70271.1, AD-70268.1, AD-70269.1, AD-70232.1, AD-70256.1, AD-70257.1, or AD-70275.1. 40.-43. (canceled) 44. A double stranded RNAi agent comprising the sense strand nucleotide sequence and the antisense strand nucleotide sequence of any one of the RNAi agents provided in any one of Tables 11, 12, 31, and 32. 45. (canceled) 46. (canceled) 47. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1 or 23, or the composition of claim 31 or 39. 48.-52. (canceled) 53. A method of inhibiting Hepatitis D virus (HDV) gene expression in a cell, the method comprising:
(a) contacting the cell with the double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1 or 23, or the composition of claim 39, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 47; and (b) maintaining the cell produced in step (a) for a time sufficient to obtain degradation of the mRNA transcript of an HDV gene, thereby inhibiting expression of the HDV gene in the cell. 54.-69. (canceled) 70. A method of treating a subject having a Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1 or 23, or the composition of claim 39, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 47, thereby treating said subject. 71.-103. (canceled) 104. The method of claim 70, further comprising administering to the subject an additional therapeutic agent. 105.-111. (canceled) | The present invention relates to RNAi agents, e.g., double-stranded RNAi agents, targeting the hepatitis D virus (HDV) genome, and methods of using such RNAi agents to inhibit expression of one or more HBV genes and methods of treating subjects having an HDV infection and/or HDV-associated disorder.1. A double stranded RNAi agent for inhibiting expression of hepatitis D virus (HDV) in a cell, wherein said double stranded RNAi agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand forming a double-stranded region selected from the group consisting of
(a) a sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:29, and said antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:30; (b) a sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:31, and said antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:32; (c) a sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:33, and said antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:34; (d) a sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:35, and said antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:36; (e) a sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:37, and said antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:38; (f) a sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:39, and said antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:40; (g) a sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:41, and said antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:42; (h) a sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:43, and said antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:44; and (i) a sense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:2551, and said antisense strand comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:2552;
wherein substantially all of the nucleotides of said sense strand and substantially all of the nucleotides of said antisense strand are modified nucleotides,
wherein said sense strand is conjugated to a ligand attached at the 3′-terminus, and
wherein the ligand is one or more GalNAc derivatives attached through a bivalent or trivalent branched linker. 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. The double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1, wherein all of the nucleotides of said sense strand and all of the nucleotides of said antisense strand are modified nucleotides. 5. (canceled) 6. The double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1, wherein said sense strand and said antisense strand comprise a region of complementarity which comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides differing by no more than 3 nucleotides from any one of the sense and antisense strands of AD-70260.1, AD-70232.1, AD-70249.1, AD-70244.1, AD-70272.1, AD-70228.1, AD-70255.1, AD-70278.1, AD-70295.1, AD-67200.1, AD-67211.1, AD-67199.1, AD-67202.1, AD-67208.1, AD-67210.1, AD-70259.1, AD-70267.1, AD-70272.1, AD-70271.1, AD-70268.1, AD-70269.1, AD-70232.1, AD-70256.1, AD-70257.1, and AD-70275.1. 7. (canceled) 8. The double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1, wherein at least one of said modified nucleotides is selected from the group consisting of a 3′-terminal deoxy-thymine (dT) nucleotide, a 2′-O-methyl modified nucleotide, a 2′-fluoro modified nucleotide, a 2′-deoxy-modified nucleotide, a locked nucleotide, an unlocked nucleotide, a conformationally restricted nucleotide, a constrained ethyl nucleotide, an abasic nucleotide, a 2′-amino-modified nucleotide, a 2′-O-allyl-modified nucleotide, 2′-C-alkyl-modified nucleotide, 2′-hydroxyl-modified nucleotide, a 2′-methoxyethyl modified nucleotide, a 2′-O-alkyl-modified nucleotide, a morpholino nucleotide, a phosphoramidate, a non-natural base comprising nucleotide, a tetrahydropyran modified nucleotide, a 1,5-anhydrohexitol modified nucleotide, a cyclohexenyl modified nucleotide, a nucleotide comprising a phosphorothioate group, a nucleotide comprising a methylphosphonate group, a nucleotide comprising a 5′-phosphate, and a nucleotide comprising a 5′-phosphate mimic. 9. The double stranded RNAi agent of any claim 1, wherein at least one strand comprises a 3′ overhang of at least 1 nucleotide; or at least 2 nucleotides. 10. (canceled) 11. The double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1, wherein the double-stranded region is 15-30 nucleotide pairs in length; 17-23 nucleotide pairs in length; 17-25 nucleotide pairs in length; 23-27 nucleotide pairs in length; 19-21 nucleotide pairs in length; or 21-23 nucleotide pairs in length. 12.-16. (canceled) 17. The double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1, wherein each strand has 15-30 nucleotides; or 19-30 nucleotides. 18. (canceled) 19. The double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1, wherein the ligand is 20. The double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1, wherein the RNAi agent is conjugated to the ligand as shown in the following schematic 21. (canceled) 22. The double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1, wherein said RNAi agent is selected from the consisting of any one of AD-70260.1, AD-70232.1, AD-70249.1, AD-70244.1, AD-70272.1, AD-70228.1, AD-70255.1, AD-70278.1, AD-70295.1, AD-67200.1, AD-67211.1, AD-67199.1, AD-67202.1, AD-67208.1, AD-67210.1, AD-70259.1, AD-70267.1, AD-70272.1, AD-70271.1, AD-70268.1, AD-70269.1, AD-70232.1, AD-70256.1, AD-70257.1, or AD-70275.1. 23. A double stranded RNAi agent for inhibiting expression of hepatitis D virus (HDV) in a cell, wherein said double stranded RNAi agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand forming a double-stranded region,
wherein said sense strand comprises any one of the sense sequences provided in any one of Table 11, 12, 31, and 32, and said antisense strand comprises any one of the antisense sequences provided in any one of Table 11, 12, 31, and 32, wherein substantially all of the nucleotides of said sense strand and substantially all of the nucleotides of said antisense strand are modified nucleotides, wherein said sense strand is conjugated to a ligand attached at the 3′-terminus, and wherein the ligand is one or more GalNAc derivatives attached through a bivalent or trivalent branched linker. 24.-38. (canceled) 39. A composition for inhibiting expression of hepatitis D virus (HDV) in a cell, said composition comprising:
(a) a first double-stranded RNAi agent comprising a first sense strand and a first antisense strand forming a double-stranded region, wherein substantially all of the nucleotides of said first sense strand and substantially all of the nucleotides of said first antisense strand are modified nucleotides, wherein said first sense strand is conjugated to a ligand attached at the 3′-terminus, and wherein the ligand is one or more GalNAc derivatives attached through a bivalent or trivalent branched linker; and (b) a second double-stranded RNAi agent comprising a second sense strand and a second antisense strand forming a double-stranded region, wherein substantially all of the nucleotides of said second sense strand and substantially all of the nucleotides of said second antisense strand are modified nucleotides, wherein said second sense strand is conjugated to a ligand attached at the 3′-terminus, and wherein the ligand is one or more GalNAc derivatives attached through a bivalent or trivalent branched linker; wherein the first and second sense strands each independently comprise a sequence selected from the group consisting of any one of the sense sequences of AD-70260.1, AD-70232.1, AD-70249.1, AD-70244.1, AD-70272.1, AD-70228.1, AD-70255.1, AD-70278.1, AD-70295.1, AD-67200.1, AD-67211.1, AD-67199.1, AD-67202.1, AD-67208.1, AD-67210.1, AD-70259.1, AD-70267.1, AD-70272.1, AD-70271.1, AD-70268.1, AD-70269.1, AD-70232.1, AD-70256.1, AD-70257.1, or AD-70275.1, and wherein the first and second antisense strands each independently comprise a sequence selected from the group consisting of any one of the antisense sequences of AD-70260.1, AD-70232.1, AD-70249.1, AD-70244.1, AD-70272.1, AD-70228.1, AD-70255.1, AD-70278.1, AD-70295.1, AD-67200.1, AD-67211.1, AD-67199.1, AD-67202.1, AD-67208.1, AD-67210.1, AD-70259.1, AD-70267.1, AD-70272.1, AD-70271.1, AD-70268.1, AD-70269.1, AD-70232.1, AD-70256.1, AD-70257.1, or AD-70275.1. 40.-43. (canceled) 44. A double stranded RNAi agent comprising the sense strand nucleotide sequence and the antisense strand nucleotide sequence of any one of the RNAi agents provided in any one of Tables 11, 12, 31, and 32. 45. (canceled) 46. (canceled) 47. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1 or 23, or the composition of claim 31 or 39. 48.-52. (canceled) 53. A method of inhibiting Hepatitis D virus (HDV) gene expression in a cell, the method comprising:
(a) contacting the cell with the double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1 or 23, or the composition of claim 39, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 47; and (b) maintaining the cell produced in step (a) for a time sufficient to obtain degradation of the mRNA transcript of an HDV gene, thereby inhibiting expression of the HDV gene in the cell. 54.-69. (canceled) 70. A method of treating a subject having a Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the double stranded RNAi agent of claim 1 or 23, or the composition of claim 39, or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 47, thereby treating said subject. 71.-103. (canceled) 104. The method of claim 70, further comprising administering to the subject an additional therapeutic agent. 105.-111. (canceled) | 3,700 |
341,074 | 16,801,380 | 1,766 | Embodiments disclosed herein provide coated particles that can be used, for example, in the extraction of oil and gas from subterranean formations. | 1. A coated particle comprising:
a particle; and a coating comprising at least one phenol-aldehyde resin layer and at least one polyurethane layer. 2. The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the particle the at least one polyurethane layer is an outer layer. 3. The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the polyurethane layer encapsulates the phenol-aldehyde resin layer. 4. The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the particle is sand, silica, rocks, minerals, ceramic, bauxite, polymeric particles, or any combination thereof. 5-16. (canceled) 17. The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the coated particle comprises the phenol-aldehyde resin in an amount of about 0.5% to about 6.0% wt/wt. 18. The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the coated particle comprises the polyurethane in an amount of about 0.25% to about 2.00% wt/wt solids 19-21. (canceled) 22. The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the coated particle comprises less than or equal to about 5% wt fillers. 23-24. (canceled) 25. A coated particle comprising:
a particle; and a coating comprising at least one phenol-aldehyde resin layer and at least one epoxy emulsion layer and/or a layer comprising a mixture of phenol-aldehyde resin and epoxy emulsion. 26. The coated particle of claim 25, wherein the at least one epoxy emulsion layer is the outer layer. 27. The coated particle of claim 25, wherein the particle is sand, silica, rock, mineral, ceramic, bauxite, polymeric particle, or any combination thereof. 28-38. (canceled) 39. The coated particle of claim 25, wherein the coated particle comprises a first phenol-aldehyde resin layer, a second phenol-aldehyde resin layer, a first epoxy emulsion layer, and a second epoxy emulsion layer, wherein:
the first epoxy emulsion layer encapsulates the first phenol-aldehyde resin layer; the second phenol-aldehyde resin layer encapsulates the first epoxy emulsion layer, and the second epoxy emulsion layer encapsulates the second phenol-aldehyde resin layer. 40-44. (canceled) 45. The coated particle of claim 25, wherein the coated particle comprises the phenol-aldehyde resin in an amount of about 0.5% to about 6.0% wt/wt. 46. The coated particle of claim 25, wherein the coated particle comprises the epoxy resin in an amount of about 0.25% to about 2.00% wt/wt solids 47-52. (canceled) 53. A coated particle comprising a particle, a first layer, a second layer, a third layer, and a fourth layer, wherein:
the first layer encapsulates the particle, the second layer encapsulates the first layer, the third layer encapsulates the second layer, and the fourth layer encapsulates the third layer, wherein the first layer is a phenol-aldehyde resin layer, the second layer is a phenol-aldehyde resin layer, the third layer is a phenol-aldehyde resin layer, and the fourth layer is an epoxy emulsion layer or a polyurethane layer. 54. The coated particle of claim 53, wherein the first, second, or third layer are each independently a phenol-aldehyde/epoxy resin layer. 55-61. (canceled) 62. A process for preparing a coated particle of claim 25, the process comprising:
coating a particle with at least one phenol-aldehyde resin layer; and coating the particle coated with the phenol-aldehyde resin layer with an epoxy emulsion layer. 63. (canceled) 64. The process of claim 62, further comprising curing the at least one phenol-aldehyde resin layer with a curative agent, wherein the curative agent is applied in an amount of about 5 to about 15 wt. % of the phenol-aldehyde resin. 65. The process of claim 64, wherein the curative agent is hexamethylenetetramine, hexamine, paraformaldehyde, melamine resin, triphenylphosphine, or an oxazolidine. 66. The process of claim 62, wherein the epoxy emulsion is contacted with the phenol-aldehyde resin coated particle in amount of about 0.25 to about 2.00% wt/wt solids. 67. The process of claim 62, wherein the epoxy emulsion comprises a hardener. 68. The process of claim 67, wherein the hardener is an aliphatic amine, a cycloaliphatic amine; an aromatic amine, an anhydride, or any combination thereof. 69. The process of claim 67, wherein the hardener is diethylene triamine (DETA), triethylenetetraamine (TETA), tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), aminoethylpiperazine (N-AEP), m-xylenediamine (MXDA), 2-methylpentanediamine (MPMD) isophoronediamine (IPDA), methylene-di(cyclohexylamine) (PACM), diaminocyclohexane, 4,4′ Diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM), 4,4′ Diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), methylene-bis(diisopropylaniline) (MPDA), methylene-bis(dimethylaniline), diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA), hexahydrophthalic acid anhydride, dicyclopentadiene dianhydride, mellitic anhydride, methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, or nadic methyl anhydride, or any combination thereof. 70-76. (canceled) | Embodiments disclosed herein provide coated particles that can be used, for example, in the extraction of oil and gas from subterranean formations.1. A coated particle comprising:
a particle; and a coating comprising at least one phenol-aldehyde resin layer and at least one polyurethane layer. 2. The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the particle the at least one polyurethane layer is an outer layer. 3. The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the polyurethane layer encapsulates the phenol-aldehyde resin layer. 4. The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the particle is sand, silica, rocks, minerals, ceramic, bauxite, polymeric particles, or any combination thereof. 5-16. (canceled) 17. The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the coated particle comprises the phenol-aldehyde resin in an amount of about 0.5% to about 6.0% wt/wt. 18. The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the coated particle comprises the polyurethane in an amount of about 0.25% to about 2.00% wt/wt solids 19-21. (canceled) 22. The coated particle of claim 1, wherein the coated particle comprises less than or equal to about 5% wt fillers. 23-24. (canceled) 25. A coated particle comprising:
a particle; and a coating comprising at least one phenol-aldehyde resin layer and at least one epoxy emulsion layer and/or a layer comprising a mixture of phenol-aldehyde resin and epoxy emulsion. 26. The coated particle of claim 25, wherein the at least one epoxy emulsion layer is the outer layer. 27. The coated particle of claim 25, wherein the particle is sand, silica, rock, mineral, ceramic, bauxite, polymeric particle, or any combination thereof. 28-38. (canceled) 39. The coated particle of claim 25, wherein the coated particle comprises a first phenol-aldehyde resin layer, a second phenol-aldehyde resin layer, a first epoxy emulsion layer, and a second epoxy emulsion layer, wherein:
the first epoxy emulsion layer encapsulates the first phenol-aldehyde resin layer; the second phenol-aldehyde resin layer encapsulates the first epoxy emulsion layer, and the second epoxy emulsion layer encapsulates the second phenol-aldehyde resin layer. 40-44. (canceled) 45. The coated particle of claim 25, wherein the coated particle comprises the phenol-aldehyde resin in an amount of about 0.5% to about 6.0% wt/wt. 46. The coated particle of claim 25, wherein the coated particle comprises the epoxy resin in an amount of about 0.25% to about 2.00% wt/wt solids 47-52. (canceled) 53. A coated particle comprising a particle, a first layer, a second layer, a third layer, and a fourth layer, wherein:
the first layer encapsulates the particle, the second layer encapsulates the first layer, the third layer encapsulates the second layer, and the fourth layer encapsulates the third layer, wherein the first layer is a phenol-aldehyde resin layer, the second layer is a phenol-aldehyde resin layer, the third layer is a phenol-aldehyde resin layer, and the fourth layer is an epoxy emulsion layer or a polyurethane layer. 54. The coated particle of claim 53, wherein the first, second, or third layer are each independently a phenol-aldehyde/epoxy resin layer. 55-61. (canceled) 62. A process for preparing a coated particle of claim 25, the process comprising:
coating a particle with at least one phenol-aldehyde resin layer; and coating the particle coated with the phenol-aldehyde resin layer with an epoxy emulsion layer. 63. (canceled) 64. The process of claim 62, further comprising curing the at least one phenol-aldehyde resin layer with a curative agent, wherein the curative agent is applied in an amount of about 5 to about 15 wt. % of the phenol-aldehyde resin. 65. The process of claim 64, wherein the curative agent is hexamethylenetetramine, hexamine, paraformaldehyde, melamine resin, triphenylphosphine, or an oxazolidine. 66. The process of claim 62, wherein the epoxy emulsion is contacted with the phenol-aldehyde resin coated particle in amount of about 0.25 to about 2.00% wt/wt solids. 67. The process of claim 62, wherein the epoxy emulsion comprises a hardener. 68. The process of claim 67, wherein the hardener is an aliphatic amine, a cycloaliphatic amine; an aromatic amine, an anhydride, or any combination thereof. 69. The process of claim 67, wherein the hardener is diethylene triamine (DETA), triethylenetetraamine (TETA), tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), aminoethylpiperazine (N-AEP), m-xylenediamine (MXDA), 2-methylpentanediamine (MPMD) isophoronediamine (IPDA), methylene-di(cyclohexylamine) (PACM), diaminocyclohexane, 4,4′ Diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM), 4,4′ Diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), methylene-bis(diisopropylaniline) (MPDA), methylene-bis(dimethylaniline), diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA), hexahydrophthalic acid anhydride, dicyclopentadiene dianhydride, mellitic anhydride, methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, or nadic methyl anhydride, or any combination thereof. 70-76. (canceled) | 1,700 |
341,075 | 16,801,356 | 1,766 | A gripper for industrial manipulators includes: at least two jaws one of which being movable allowing it to be opened and closed; and a gripper body. A first gripper body portion housing an actuator device and a second portion supporting the jaws and at least one pin element, defining a pivot axis of the movable jaw, or a pivot axis of at least one transmission element operatively interposed between the at least one movable jaw and the actuator device. The gripper arranged so that the pin element also acts as a locking pin to firmly lock together the first and second portions of the gripper body in assembled condition. The pin element having a circumferential groove which allows a snap coupling of the first portion and the second portion of the gripper body: an elastic element separating them and engaging the edge of one of the two in the groove. | 1. A gripper for industrial manipulators, comprising:
at least two jaws, at least one of the at least two jaws being movable in order to cause the gripper to be opened and closed; a gripper body comprising two portions which can be removably assembled to each other, wherein a first portion is intended to at least partially house an actuator device of the gripper and a second portion is intended to support the at least two jaws, and at least one pin element, which defines a pivot axis of the at least one movable jaw, or defines a pivot axis of at least one transmission element operatively interposed between the at least one movable jaw and the actuator device, 2. The gripper according to claim 1, wherein in an assembled condition of the gripper said at least one pin element forms an undercut with at least one of the two portions of the gripper body or with a component housed inside the gripper body. 3. The gripper according to claim 1, wherein the first portion of the gripper body comprises at least one first through-hole having a respective central axis and the second portion of the gripper body comprises at least one second through-hole having a respective central axis, and wherein in an assembled condition of the first portion and the second portion of the gripper body, said central axes of the at least one first through-hole and at least one second through-hole are aligned, or can be aligned, with each other and with one of said pivot axes. 4. The gripper according to claim 1, wherein the actuator device comprises a single-acting pneumatic piston with return spring. 5. The gripper according to claim 4, wherein said preloading elastic means are constituted by the return spring of the pneumatic piston. 6. The gripper according to claim 4, wherein the at least one movable jaw can be linearly translated. 7. The gripper according to claim 6, wherein the gripper comprises at least one transmission element operatively interposed between at least one movable jaw and the actuator device, wherein the at least one transmission element is designed as a rocker lever that can be pivoted around said at least one pin element and has a first arm intended to engage the actuator device and a second arm intended to engage the at least one movable jaw. 8. The gripper according to claim 7, wherein said rocker lever is pivotably supported on a supporting element mounted on a rod of the pneumatic piston so as to be axially movable with respect to the rod itself, and wherein the return spring of the pneumatic piston is mounted around the rod between a head of the pneumatic piston and the supporting element. 9. The gripper according claim 4, wherein the at least one movable jaw can be pivoted. 10. The gripper according to claim 9, wherein the pneumatic piston comprises a rod having an actuating end provided with at least one inclined surface intended to tangentially cooperate with a contact portion of the at least one movable jaw in order to cause said at least one movable jaw to pivot. 11. The gripper according to claim 10, wherein the return spring of the pneumatic piston is mounted around a rod of the pneumatic piston, between a head of the pneumatic piston and an abutment portion of the second portion of the gripper body. | A gripper for industrial manipulators includes: at least two jaws one of which being movable allowing it to be opened and closed; and a gripper body. A first gripper body portion housing an actuator device and a second portion supporting the jaws and at least one pin element, defining a pivot axis of the movable jaw, or a pivot axis of at least one transmission element operatively interposed between the at least one movable jaw and the actuator device. The gripper arranged so that the pin element also acts as a locking pin to firmly lock together the first and second portions of the gripper body in assembled condition. The pin element having a circumferential groove which allows a snap coupling of the first portion and the second portion of the gripper body: an elastic element separating them and engaging the edge of one of the two in the groove.1. A gripper for industrial manipulators, comprising:
at least two jaws, at least one of the at least two jaws being movable in order to cause the gripper to be opened and closed; a gripper body comprising two portions which can be removably assembled to each other, wherein a first portion is intended to at least partially house an actuator device of the gripper and a second portion is intended to support the at least two jaws, and at least one pin element, which defines a pivot axis of the at least one movable jaw, or defines a pivot axis of at least one transmission element operatively interposed between the at least one movable jaw and the actuator device, 2. The gripper according to claim 1, wherein in an assembled condition of the gripper said at least one pin element forms an undercut with at least one of the two portions of the gripper body or with a component housed inside the gripper body. 3. The gripper according to claim 1, wherein the first portion of the gripper body comprises at least one first through-hole having a respective central axis and the second portion of the gripper body comprises at least one second through-hole having a respective central axis, and wherein in an assembled condition of the first portion and the second portion of the gripper body, said central axes of the at least one first through-hole and at least one second through-hole are aligned, or can be aligned, with each other and with one of said pivot axes. 4. The gripper according to claim 1, wherein the actuator device comprises a single-acting pneumatic piston with return spring. 5. The gripper according to claim 4, wherein said preloading elastic means are constituted by the return spring of the pneumatic piston. 6. The gripper according to claim 4, wherein the at least one movable jaw can be linearly translated. 7. The gripper according to claim 6, wherein the gripper comprises at least one transmission element operatively interposed between at least one movable jaw and the actuator device, wherein the at least one transmission element is designed as a rocker lever that can be pivoted around said at least one pin element and has a first arm intended to engage the actuator device and a second arm intended to engage the at least one movable jaw. 8. The gripper according to claim 7, wherein said rocker lever is pivotably supported on a supporting element mounted on a rod of the pneumatic piston so as to be axially movable with respect to the rod itself, and wherein the return spring of the pneumatic piston is mounted around the rod between a head of the pneumatic piston and the supporting element. 9. The gripper according claim 4, wherein the at least one movable jaw can be pivoted. 10. The gripper according to claim 9, wherein the pneumatic piston comprises a rod having an actuating end provided with at least one inclined surface intended to tangentially cooperate with a contact portion of the at least one movable jaw in order to cause said at least one movable jaw to pivot. 11. The gripper according to claim 10, wherein the return spring of the pneumatic piston is mounted around a rod of the pneumatic piston, between a head of the pneumatic piston and an abutment portion of the second portion of the gripper body. | 1,700 |
341,076 | 16,801,392 | 1,731 | A composition for making composite adsorbents from a mixture of geopolymer, zeolite and activated carbon wherein a geopolymer material, a carbonaceous material, and an alkali activating agent are the components of the mixture. The alkali activating agent to carbonaceous material solid mass ratio is at least 0.25:1, respectively. A process for producing shaped composite adsorbents from the composition is done using conventional means such as mixing, shaping, extrusion and other methods. Alkali activation is used to convert the carbonaceous material to activated carbon, followed by hydrothermal treatment to convert the geopolymer material to zeolites. Shaped composite adsorbents fabricated from the composition of the instant invention are used for adsorption, purification, or other separation applications of liquids and gases. | 1. A process for producing composite adsorbents having components of geopolymer, zeolite, and activated carbon, comprising:
(a) mixing a geopolymer material, a carbonaceous material, and an alkali activating agent, wherein the alkali activating agent to carbonaceous material solid mass ratio is at least 0.25:1, respectively, to produce a paste mixture wherein the paste mixture has a uniform composition and desired rheology for shaping, (b) fabricating the paste mixture using common adsorbent shaping methods, including granulation or extrusion, to form granule or pellet compositions possessing suitable sizes for adsorption processes, (c) curing the granule or pellet compositions as needed at ambient temperature or by heating to increase strength, (d) chemically activating the carbonaceous material in the granule or pellet compositions at a temperature of greater than about 400° C. in an inert gas using the alkali activating agent present in the compositions to in-situ produce activated carbon, (e) conducting hydrothermal treatment of the composition to convert part of the geopolymer to in-situ produce zeolite and form the composite adsorbents, and (f) washing and drying the produced composite adsorbents. 2. The process of claim 1(a), wherein the geopolymer material is a class of aluminum silicate inorganic polymers which have an amorphous 3-dimensional polysialate network consisting of SiO4 and AlO4 tetrahedra. 3. The process of claim 1(a), wherein the geopolymer material comprises an aluminosilicate source, an alkali silicate activator, and a carrier fluid. 4. The process of claim 1(a), wherein the carbonaceous material is coal, petroleum coke, charcoal, petroleum asphalt, wood, bamboo, coconut husk, lignite, rice husk, waste rubber tire, or biomass. 5. The process of claim 1(a), wherein the alkali activating agent is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide or salt. 6. The process of claim 5, wherein the alkali metal hydroxide is at least one of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or lithium hydroxide. 7. The process of claim 6, wherein the alkali activating agent is sodium hydroxide. 8. The process of claim 1(a), wherein the ratio of the alkali activating agent to carbonaceous material solid mass ratio is at least 0.5:1. 9. The process of claim 1(a), wherein the ratio of the alkali activating agent to carbonaceous material solid mass ratio is at least 1:1. 10. The process of claim 1(c), wherein the inert gas is nitrogen. 11. The process of claim 1(c), wherein the curing is done at a temperature from about 20 to about 150° C., conducted over 1 to 72 hours. 12. The process of claim 1(c), wherein the curing in done in the presence of moisture, water or steam. 13. The process of claim 1(d), wherein the temperature is from about 400 to about 1,000° C. 14. The process of claim 1(e), wherein the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment is below about 250° C. 15. A composite adsorbent comprising a mixture of geopolymer, zeolite, and activated carbon whenever produced by the process of claim 1. 16. In a process for preparing a composite adsorbent having a geopolymer, zeolite, and activated carbon, the improvement comprises the steps of:
(a) chemically activating a carbonaceous material in a granule or pellet composition form, at a temperature of greater than about 400° C., in an inert gas, using an alkali activating agent present in the compositions to in-situ produce activated carbon, and (b) conducting hydrothermal treatment of the composition of step (a) to convert part of the geopolymer to in-situ produce zeolite and form the composite adsorbent. 17. The process of claim 16(a), wherein the temperature is from about 400 to about 1,000° C. 18. The process of claim 16(b), wherein the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment is below about 250° C. | A composition for making composite adsorbents from a mixture of geopolymer, zeolite and activated carbon wherein a geopolymer material, a carbonaceous material, and an alkali activating agent are the components of the mixture. The alkali activating agent to carbonaceous material solid mass ratio is at least 0.25:1, respectively. A process for producing shaped composite adsorbents from the composition is done using conventional means such as mixing, shaping, extrusion and other methods. Alkali activation is used to convert the carbonaceous material to activated carbon, followed by hydrothermal treatment to convert the geopolymer material to zeolites. Shaped composite adsorbents fabricated from the composition of the instant invention are used for adsorption, purification, or other separation applications of liquids and gases.1. A process for producing composite adsorbents having components of geopolymer, zeolite, and activated carbon, comprising:
(a) mixing a geopolymer material, a carbonaceous material, and an alkali activating agent, wherein the alkali activating agent to carbonaceous material solid mass ratio is at least 0.25:1, respectively, to produce a paste mixture wherein the paste mixture has a uniform composition and desired rheology for shaping, (b) fabricating the paste mixture using common adsorbent shaping methods, including granulation or extrusion, to form granule or pellet compositions possessing suitable sizes for adsorption processes, (c) curing the granule or pellet compositions as needed at ambient temperature or by heating to increase strength, (d) chemically activating the carbonaceous material in the granule or pellet compositions at a temperature of greater than about 400° C. in an inert gas using the alkali activating agent present in the compositions to in-situ produce activated carbon, (e) conducting hydrothermal treatment of the composition to convert part of the geopolymer to in-situ produce zeolite and form the composite adsorbents, and (f) washing and drying the produced composite adsorbents. 2. The process of claim 1(a), wherein the geopolymer material is a class of aluminum silicate inorganic polymers which have an amorphous 3-dimensional polysialate network consisting of SiO4 and AlO4 tetrahedra. 3. The process of claim 1(a), wherein the geopolymer material comprises an aluminosilicate source, an alkali silicate activator, and a carrier fluid. 4. The process of claim 1(a), wherein the carbonaceous material is coal, petroleum coke, charcoal, petroleum asphalt, wood, bamboo, coconut husk, lignite, rice husk, waste rubber tire, or biomass. 5. The process of claim 1(a), wherein the alkali activating agent is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide or salt. 6. The process of claim 5, wherein the alkali metal hydroxide is at least one of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or lithium hydroxide. 7. The process of claim 6, wherein the alkali activating agent is sodium hydroxide. 8. The process of claim 1(a), wherein the ratio of the alkali activating agent to carbonaceous material solid mass ratio is at least 0.5:1. 9. The process of claim 1(a), wherein the ratio of the alkali activating agent to carbonaceous material solid mass ratio is at least 1:1. 10. The process of claim 1(c), wherein the inert gas is nitrogen. 11. The process of claim 1(c), wherein the curing is done at a temperature from about 20 to about 150° C., conducted over 1 to 72 hours. 12. The process of claim 1(c), wherein the curing in done in the presence of moisture, water or steam. 13. The process of claim 1(d), wherein the temperature is from about 400 to about 1,000° C. 14. The process of claim 1(e), wherein the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment is below about 250° C. 15. A composite adsorbent comprising a mixture of geopolymer, zeolite, and activated carbon whenever produced by the process of claim 1. 16. In a process for preparing a composite adsorbent having a geopolymer, zeolite, and activated carbon, the improvement comprises the steps of:
(a) chemically activating a carbonaceous material in a granule or pellet composition form, at a temperature of greater than about 400° C., in an inert gas, using an alkali activating agent present in the compositions to in-situ produce activated carbon, and (b) conducting hydrothermal treatment of the composition of step (a) to convert part of the geopolymer to in-situ produce zeolite and form the composite adsorbent. 17. The process of claim 16(a), wherein the temperature is from about 400 to about 1,000° C. 18. The process of claim 16(b), wherein the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment is below about 250° C. | 1,700 |
341,077 | 16,801,375 | 1,731 | A data storage device is disclosed comprising a head actuated over a disk, and a spindle motor configured to rotate the disk. A pulse width modulated (PWM) control signal is generated having a frequency based on a PWM clock, the spindle motor is controlled using the PWM control signal, and a frequency of the PWM clock is swung between a minimum frequency and a maximum frequency at a swing rate. | 1. A data storage device comprising:
a disk; a head actuated over the disk; a spindle motor configured to rotate the disk; and control circuitry configured to:
generate a pulse width modulated (PWM) control signal having a frequency based on a PWM clock;
control the spindle motor using the PWM control signal; and
swing a frequency of the PWM clock between a minimum frequency and a maximum frequency at a swing rate. 2. The data storage device as recited in claim 1, wherein the swing rate is determined based on a system clock. 3. The data storage device as recited in claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
measure a performance of the data storage device; and configure the minimum frequency and the maximum frequency based on the measured performance. 4. The data storage device as recited in claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
measure a performance of the data storage device; and configure the swing rate based on the measured performance. 5. The data storage device as recited in claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to synchronize the PWM clock to a rotation frequency of the spindle motor. 6. The data storage device as recited in claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
generate a speed command for the spindle motor; scale the speed command based on the frequency of the PWM clock; and generate the PWM control signal based on the scaled speed command. 7. The data storage device as recited in claim 6, wherein scaling the speed command maintains a target duty cycle of the PWM control signal corresponding to the speed command as the frequency of the PWM clock swings between the minimum frequency and the maximum frequency. 8. The data storage device as recited in claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
control the spindle motor to rotate the disk at a rotation frequency; and swing the frequency of the PWM clock in order to swing the rotation frequency below and above a target rotation frequency by a predetermined percentage of the target rotation frequency. 9. The data storage device as recited in claim 8, wherein the predetermined percentage is in the range of one percent to five percent of the target rotation frequency. 10. Control circuitry configured to:
clock a modulator with a modulation clock to generate a modulated control signal; control switching circuitry of a spindle motor using the modulated control signal; and swing a frequency of the modulation clock between a minimum frequency and a maximum frequency at a swing rate. 11. The control circuitry as recited in claim 10, wherein the modulator is a pulse width modulator (PWM) and the modulated control signal is a PWM control signal. 12. The control circuitry as recited in claim 10, wherein the swing rate is based on a system clock. 13. The control circuitry as recited in claim 10, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
measure a performance of the data storage device; and configure the minimum frequency and the maximum frequency based on the measured performance. 14. The control circuitry as recited in claim 10, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
measure a performance of a data storage device coupled to the control circuitry; and configure the swing rate based on the measured performance. 15. The control circuitry as recited in claim 10, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to synchronize the modulation clock to a rotation frequency of the spindle motor. 16. The control circuitry as recited in claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
generate a speed command for the spindle motor; scale the speed command based on the frequency of the modulation clock; and generate the PWM control signal based on the scaled speed command. 17. The control circuitry as recited in claim 16, wherein scaling the speed command maintains a target duty cycle of the PWM control signal corresponding to the speed command as the frequency of the modulation clock swings between the minimum frequency and the maximum frequency. 18. The control circuitry as recited in claim 10, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
control the spindle motor to rotate at a rotation frequency; and swing the frequency of the modulation clock in order to swing the rotation frequency below and above a target rotation frequency by a predetermined percentage of the target rotation frequency. 19. The control circuitry as recited in claim 18, wherein the predetermined percentage is in the range of one percent to five percent of the target rotation frequency. 20. A data storage device comprising:
a disk; a head actuated over the disk; a spindle motor configured to rotate the disk; a means for generating a pulse width modulated (PWM) control signal having a frequency based on a PWM clock; a means for controlling the spindle motor using the PWM control signal; and a means for swinging a frequency of the PWM clock between a minimum frequency and a maximum frequency at a swing rate. | A data storage device is disclosed comprising a head actuated over a disk, and a spindle motor configured to rotate the disk. A pulse width modulated (PWM) control signal is generated having a frequency based on a PWM clock, the spindle motor is controlled using the PWM control signal, and a frequency of the PWM clock is swung between a minimum frequency and a maximum frequency at a swing rate.1. A data storage device comprising:
a disk; a head actuated over the disk; a spindle motor configured to rotate the disk; and control circuitry configured to:
generate a pulse width modulated (PWM) control signal having a frequency based on a PWM clock;
control the spindle motor using the PWM control signal; and
swing a frequency of the PWM clock between a minimum frequency and a maximum frequency at a swing rate. 2. The data storage device as recited in claim 1, wherein the swing rate is determined based on a system clock. 3. The data storage device as recited in claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
measure a performance of the data storage device; and configure the minimum frequency and the maximum frequency based on the measured performance. 4. The data storage device as recited in claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
measure a performance of the data storage device; and configure the swing rate based on the measured performance. 5. The data storage device as recited in claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to synchronize the PWM clock to a rotation frequency of the spindle motor. 6. The data storage device as recited in claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
generate a speed command for the spindle motor; scale the speed command based on the frequency of the PWM clock; and generate the PWM control signal based on the scaled speed command. 7. The data storage device as recited in claim 6, wherein scaling the speed command maintains a target duty cycle of the PWM control signal corresponding to the speed command as the frequency of the PWM clock swings between the minimum frequency and the maximum frequency. 8. The data storage device as recited in claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
control the spindle motor to rotate the disk at a rotation frequency; and swing the frequency of the PWM clock in order to swing the rotation frequency below and above a target rotation frequency by a predetermined percentage of the target rotation frequency. 9. The data storage device as recited in claim 8, wherein the predetermined percentage is in the range of one percent to five percent of the target rotation frequency. 10. Control circuitry configured to:
clock a modulator with a modulation clock to generate a modulated control signal; control switching circuitry of a spindle motor using the modulated control signal; and swing a frequency of the modulation clock between a minimum frequency and a maximum frequency at a swing rate. 11. The control circuitry as recited in claim 10, wherein the modulator is a pulse width modulator (PWM) and the modulated control signal is a PWM control signal. 12. The control circuitry as recited in claim 10, wherein the swing rate is based on a system clock. 13. The control circuitry as recited in claim 10, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
measure a performance of the data storage device; and configure the minimum frequency and the maximum frequency based on the measured performance. 14. The control circuitry as recited in claim 10, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
measure a performance of a data storage device coupled to the control circuitry; and configure the swing rate based on the measured performance. 15. The control circuitry as recited in claim 10, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to synchronize the modulation clock to a rotation frequency of the spindle motor. 16. The control circuitry as recited in claim 11, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
generate a speed command for the spindle motor; scale the speed command based on the frequency of the modulation clock; and generate the PWM control signal based on the scaled speed command. 17. The control circuitry as recited in claim 16, wherein scaling the speed command maintains a target duty cycle of the PWM control signal corresponding to the speed command as the frequency of the modulation clock swings between the minimum frequency and the maximum frequency. 18. The control circuitry as recited in claim 10, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
control the spindle motor to rotate at a rotation frequency; and swing the frequency of the modulation clock in order to swing the rotation frequency below and above a target rotation frequency by a predetermined percentage of the target rotation frequency. 19. The control circuitry as recited in claim 18, wherein the predetermined percentage is in the range of one percent to five percent of the target rotation frequency. 20. A data storage device comprising:
a disk; a head actuated over the disk; a spindle motor configured to rotate the disk; a means for generating a pulse width modulated (PWM) control signal having a frequency based on a PWM clock; a means for controlling the spindle motor using the PWM control signal; and a means for swinging a frequency of the PWM clock between a minimum frequency and a maximum frequency at a swing rate. | 1,700 |
341,078 | 16,801,391 | 1,731 | An intravascular catheter is provided, including a flexible elongate body; an expandable element positioned on the elongate body; a substantially linear thermal segment located proximally of the expandable element, the thermal segment defining a first flexibility, where the thermal segment is positioned between two portions of the catheter body each including a flexibility less than that of the thermal segment; a first fluid flow path in fluid communication with the expandable element; and a second fluid flow path in fluid communication with the thermal segment. | 1. A method of treating cardiac tissue, comprising:
positioning a first treatment region of a medical device proximate a pulmonary vein; positioning a second treatment region of the medical device proximate tissue within the heart; at least one of:
circulating a cryogenic refrigerant within at least one from a group consisting of the first treatment region and the second treatment region; and
delivering radiofrequency energy from at least one from the group consisting of the first treatment region and the second treatment region. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first treatment region is inflatable. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the inflatable first treatment region has a first expandable element and a second expandable element, the first expandable element being contained within the second expandable element, the positioning of the first treatment region includes expanding the first expandable element and the second expandable element to substantially occlude the pulmonary vein. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first treatment region is configured to cryoablate tissue. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the medical device includes a distal portion and a proximal portion opposite the distal portion, the method further comprising anchoring of the distal portion of the medical device to tissue within the heart. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second treatment region of the medical device is positioned proximate the right atrial isthmus. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the medical device has more than one segment, the second treatment region is a substantially linear first thermal segment, the first thermal segment being more flexible than the medical device segments adjacent to the first thermal segment, the method further comprising applying a compressive force from a proximal portion of the medical device to the first thermal segment, the compressive force causing the first thermal segment to deflect toward the tissue within the heart. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein applying a compressive force includes applying an axial force in a distal direction along a longitudinal axis of the medical device. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the second treatment region is configured to deliver radiofrequency energy to ablate tissue. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising positioning a third treatment region of the medical device proximate tissue within the heart, the third treatment region being disposed proximal to the first treatment region and being a proximal most treatment region. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the third treatment region is configured to cryoablate tissue. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein each of the first treatment region, the second treatment region, and the third treatment region is operable independently from the other two regions. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising a first fluid flow path in fluid communication with the first treatment region and a second fluid flow path in fluid communication with the second treatment region. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising a cryogenic fluid source in fluid communication with each of the first fluid flow path and the second fluid flow path. 15. A method of treating cardiac tissue, comprising:
positioning an expandable element of a medical device proximate a pulmonary vein; positioning a substantially linear first thermal segment of the medical device proximate an atrial wall, the first thermal segment being more flexible than medical device segments adjacent to the first thermal segment; applying a compressive force from a proximal portion of the medical device to the first thermal segment, the compressive force causing the first thermal segment to deflect towards the atrial wall; at least one of:
circulating a cryogenic refrigerant through the expandable element to ablate the pulmonary vein; and
delivering radiofrequency energy from the first thermal segment to ablate the atrial wall;
positioning a second thermal segment of the medical device proximate one of an atrial wall and a pulmonary vein, the second thermal segment being located distal to the expandable element; and delivering radiofrequency energy from the second thermal segment to ablate the one of the atrial wall and the pulmonary vein. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein positioning the expandable element includes expanding the expandable element in the pulmonary vein to substantially occlude the pulmonary vein. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein applying a compressive force includes applying an axial force in a distal direction along a longitudinal axis of the medical device. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the second thermal segment is in electrical communication with a source of radiofrequency energy and defines a distal tip of the medical device. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the delivering radiofrequency energy from the second thermal segment to ablate the one of the atrial wall and the pulmonary vein occurs after at least one of circulating a cryogenic refrigerant through the expandable element to ablate the pulmonary vein and delivering radiofrequency energy from the first thermal segment to ablate the atrial wall. 20. A method of treating cardiac tissue, comprising:
positioning an expandable element of a medical device proximate a pulmonary vein; expanding the expandable element in the pulmonary vein to substantially occlude the pulmonary vein; positioning a substantially linear first thermal segment of the medical device proximate an atrial wall, the first thermal segment being more flexible than medical device segments adjacent to the first thermal segment; applying a compressive force from a proximal portion of the medical device to the first thermal segment, the compressive force including applying an axial force in a distal direction along a longitudinal axis of the medical device, the compressive force causing the first thermal segment to deflect towards the atrial wall; at least one of:
circulating a cryogenic refrigerant through the expandable element to ablate the pulmonary vein; and
delivering radiofrequency energy from the first thermal segment to ablate the atrial wall;
positioning a second thermal segment of the medical device proximate one of an atrial wall and a pulmonary vein, the second thermal segment being located distal to the expandable element and being in electrical communication with a source of radiofrequency energy and defining a distal tip of the medical device; and delivering radiofrequency energy from the second thermal segment to ablate the one of the atrial wall and the pulmonary vein after at least one of circulating a cryogenic refrigerant through the expandable element to ablate the pulmonary vein and delivering radiofrequency energy from the first thermal segment to ablate the atrial wall. | An intravascular catheter is provided, including a flexible elongate body; an expandable element positioned on the elongate body; a substantially linear thermal segment located proximally of the expandable element, the thermal segment defining a first flexibility, where the thermal segment is positioned between two portions of the catheter body each including a flexibility less than that of the thermal segment; a first fluid flow path in fluid communication with the expandable element; and a second fluid flow path in fluid communication with the thermal segment.1. A method of treating cardiac tissue, comprising:
positioning a first treatment region of a medical device proximate a pulmonary vein; positioning a second treatment region of the medical device proximate tissue within the heart; at least one of:
circulating a cryogenic refrigerant within at least one from a group consisting of the first treatment region and the second treatment region; and
delivering radiofrequency energy from at least one from the group consisting of the first treatment region and the second treatment region. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first treatment region is inflatable. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the inflatable first treatment region has a first expandable element and a second expandable element, the first expandable element being contained within the second expandable element, the positioning of the first treatment region includes expanding the first expandable element and the second expandable element to substantially occlude the pulmonary vein. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first treatment region is configured to cryoablate tissue. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the medical device includes a distal portion and a proximal portion opposite the distal portion, the method further comprising anchoring of the distal portion of the medical device to tissue within the heart. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second treatment region of the medical device is positioned proximate the right atrial isthmus. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the medical device has more than one segment, the second treatment region is a substantially linear first thermal segment, the first thermal segment being more flexible than the medical device segments adjacent to the first thermal segment, the method further comprising applying a compressive force from a proximal portion of the medical device to the first thermal segment, the compressive force causing the first thermal segment to deflect toward the tissue within the heart. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein applying a compressive force includes applying an axial force in a distal direction along a longitudinal axis of the medical device. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the second treatment region is configured to deliver radiofrequency energy to ablate tissue. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising positioning a third treatment region of the medical device proximate tissue within the heart, the third treatment region being disposed proximal to the first treatment region and being a proximal most treatment region. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the third treatment region is configured to cryoablate tissue. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein each of the first treatment region, the second treatment region, and the third treatment region is operable independently from the other two regions. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising a first fluid flow path in fluid communication with the first treatment region and a second fluid flow path in fluid communication with the second treatment region. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising a cryogenic fluid source in fluid communication with each of the first fluid flow path and the second fluid flow path. 15. A method of treating cardiac tissue, comprising:
positioning an expandable element of a medical device proximate a pulmonary vein; positioning a substantially linear first thermal segment of the medical device proximate an atrial wall, the first thermal segment being more flexible than medical device segments adjacent to the first thermal segment; applying a compressive force from a proximal portion of the medical device to the first thermal segment, the compressive force causing the first thermal segment to deflect towards the atrial wall; at least one of:
circulating a cryogenic refrigerant through the expandable element to ablate the pulmonary vein; and
delivering radiofrequency energy from the first thermal segment to ablate the atrial wall;
positioning a second thermal segment of the medical device proximate one of an atrial wall and a pulmonary vein, the second thermal segment being located distal to the expandable element; and delivering radiofrequency energy from the second thermal segment to ablate the one of the atrial wall and the pulmonary vein. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein positioning the expandable element includes expanding the expandable element in the pulmonary vein to substantially occlude the pulmonary vein. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein applying a compressive force includes applying an axial force in a distal direction along a longitudinal axis of the medical device. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the second thermal segment is in electrical communication with a source of radiofrequency energy and defines a distal tip of the medical device. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the delivering radiofrequency energy from the second thermal segment to ablate the one of the atrial wall and the pulmonary vein occurs after at least one of circulating a cryogenic refrigerant through the expandable element to ablate the pulmonary vein and delivering radiofrequency energy from the first thermal segment to ablate the atrial wall. 20. A method of treating cardiac tissue, comprising:
positioning an expandable element of a medical device proximate a pulmonary vein; expanding the expandable element in the pulmonary vein to substantially occlude the pulmonary vein; positioning a substantially linear first thermal segment of the medical device proximate an atrial wall, the first thermal segment being more flexible than medical device segments adjacent to the first thermal segment; applying a compressive force from a proximal portion of the medical device to the first thermal segment, the compressive force including applying an axial force in a distal direction along a longitudinal axis of the medical device, the compressive force causing the first thermal segment to deflect towards the atrial wall; at least one of:
circulating a cryogenic refrigerant through the expandable element to ablate the pulmonary vein; and
delivering radiofrequency energy from the first thermal segment to ablate the atrial wall;
positioning a second thermal segment of the medical device proximate one of an atrial wall and a pulmonary vein, the second thermal segment being located distal to the expandable element and being in electrical communication with a source of radiofrequency energy and defining a distal tip of the medical device; and delivering radiofrequency energy from the second thermal segment to ablate the one of the atrial wall and the pulmonary vein after at least one of circulating a cryogenic refrigerant through the expandable element to ablate the pulmonary vein and delivering radiofrequency energy from the first thermal segment to ablate the atrial wall. | 1,700 |
341,079 | 16,801,379 | 3,741 | A recuperated gas turbine engine includes an engine core that has a compressor section, a combustor section, and a turbine section. An exhaust duct is located downstream of the turbine section for receiving a hot turbine exhaust stream from the turbine section. The exhaust duct includes a heat exchanger and a temperature-control module upstream of the heat exchanger. A first compressor bleed line portion leads into the heat exchanger, and a second compressor bleed lie portion leads into the exhaust duct upstream of the heat exchanger. A compressor return line leads from the heat exchanger into the engine core upstream of the combustor section. The compressor bleed line is operable to selectively feed compressed air to the heat exchanger, and the temperature-control module is operable to selectively modulate at least one of temperature and flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream with respect to the heat exchanger. | 1. A recuperated gas turbine engine comprising:
an engine core including a compressor section, a combustor section, and a turbine section; an exhaust duct downstream of the turbine section for receiving a hot turbine exhaust stream from the turbine section, the exhaust duct including a heat exchanger and a temperature-control module upstream of the heat exchanger; a first compressor bleed line portion leading into the heat exchanger and operable to selectively feed compressed air from the compressor section to the heat exchanger; a second compressor bleed line portion leading into the exhaust duct upstream of the heat exchanger and operable to selectively feed compressed air from the compressor section to the exhaust duct upstream of the heat exchanger; and a compressor return line leading from the heat exchanger into the engine core upstream of the combustor section, the compressor bleed line operable to selectively feed compressed air to the heat exchanger; the temperature-control module operable to selectively modulate at least one of temperature and flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream with respect to the heat exchanger. 2. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 1, wherein the temperature-control module includes an exhaust diverter valve in the exhaust duct, and the exhaust diverter valve is moveable between open and closed positions with respect to permitting flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream across the heat exchanger. 3. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 1, wherein the first compressor bleed line portion and second compressor bleed line portion correspond to respective branches of a single compressor bleed line. 4. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 3, wherein the temperature-control module includes the second compressor bleed line portion and a valve operable to control flow through the second compressor bleed line portion into the exhaust duct. 5. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 1, wherein the first compressor bleed line portion and second compressor bleed line portion correspond to separate compressor bleed lines that independently lead from the compressor to their respective destinations. 6. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 5, wherein the temperature-control module includes the second compressor bleed line portion and a valve operable to control flow through the second compressor bleed line portion into the exhaust duct. 7. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 1, wherein the temperature-control module includes a flow distributor in the exhaust duct, the flow distributor being in communication with either the compressor bleed line or an additional independent compressor bleed line, and the flow distributor includes a plurality of cooling holes opening to the exhaust duct. 8. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 1, wherein the compressor section includes an axial compressor and a centrifugal compressor. 9. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 8, wherein the axial compressor includes no more than three compressor stages. 10. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 1, wherein the compressor section has an overall pressure ratio (“OPR”) in a range of 12-24. 11. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 1, wherein the compressor section has a size rating of 0.7 pounds per second at an exit of the compressor section. 12. A recuperated gas turbine engine comprising:
an engine core including a compressor section, a combustor section, and a turbine section; an exhaust duct downstream of the turbine section for receiving a hot turbine exhaust stream from the turbine section, the exhaust duct including a heat exchanger and a temperature-control module upstream of the heat exchanger, the temperature-control module operable to influence at least one of temperature and flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream; a first compressor bleed line portion leading into the heat exchanger and operable to selectively feed compressed air from the compressor section to the heat exchanger; a second compressor bleed line portion leading into the exhaust duct upstream of the heat exchanger and operable to selectively feed compressed air from the compressor section to the exhaust duct upstream of the heat exchanger; and a compressor return line leading from the heat exchanger into the engine core upstream of the combustor section; and a controller in communication with at least the heat exchanger temperature-control module, the controller configured to selectively regulate feed of compressed air through the first and second compressor bleed line portions and configured to selectively regulate at least one of temperature and flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream with respect to the heat exchanger. 13. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 12, wherein the temperature-control module includes an exhaust diverter valve in the exhaust duct, and the controller is configured to move the exhaust diverter valve between open and closed positions with respect to flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream. 14. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 13, wherein the controller is configured with at least low and high power modes with respect to back pressure on the turbine section, in the low power mode the controller feeding the compressed air through the compressor bleed line to the heat exchanger and opening the exhaust diverter valve to permit flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream across the heat exchanger, and in the high power mode the controller reducing feed of the compressed air through at least one of the first and second compressor bleed line portions and closing the exhaust diverter valve to reduce flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream across the heat exchanger. 15. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 12, wherein the first compressor bleed line portion and second compressor bleed line portion correspond to respective branches of a single compressor bleed line, and the temperature-control module includes the second compressor bleed line portion and a valve operable to control flow through the second compressor bleed line portion into the exhaust duct, and the controller is configured to open and close the valve to selectively regulate the temperature of the hot turbine exhaust stream with respect to the heat exchanger. 16. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 12, wherein the first compressor bleed line portion and second compressor bleed line portion correspond to separate compressor bleed lines that independently lead from the compressor to their respective destinations, and the temperature-control module includes the second compressor bleed line portion and a valve operable to control flow through the second compressor bleed line portion into the exhaust duct, and the controller is configured to open and close the valve to selectively regulate the temperature of the hot turbine exhaust stream with respect to the heat exchanger. 17. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 12, wherein the controller is configured to selectively regulate the temperature or the flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream with respect to a heat-exchanger-engine parameter representative of a temperature of the heat exchanger. 18. A method for controlling a recuperated gas turbine engine, the method comprising:
selectively feeding compressed air from a first compressor bleed line portion into a heat exchanger in an exhaust duct and from a second compressor bleed line portion into a portion of the exhaust duct upstream of the heat exchanger to heat the compressed air using a hot turbine exhaust stream in the exhaust duct; feeding the heated compressed air from the heat exchanger into an inlet of the combustor section; and regulating at least one of temperature and flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream in the exhaust duct with respect to the heat exchanger. 19. The method of claim 18, including regulating the temperature of the hot turbine exhaust stream in the exhaust duct in response to a heat-exchanger-engine parameter representative of a temperature of the heat exchanger. 20. The method of claim 19, including reducing the temperature of the hot turbine exhaust stream in the exhaust duct using compressor bleed air. 21. The method of claim 18, including regulating the flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream in the exhaust duct in response to a heat-exchanger-engine parameter representative of a temperature of the heat exchanger. 22. The method of claim 21, including regulating the flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream by moving an exhaust diverter valve in the exhaust duct between open and closed positions with respect to permitting flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream across the heat exchanger. 23. The method of claim 18, wherein said first compressor bleed line portion and second compressor bleed line portion correspond to respective branches of a single compressor bleed line. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein said first compressor bleed line portion and second compressor bleed line portion correspond to separate compressor bleed lines that independently lead from the compressor to their respective destinations. | A recuperated gas turbine engine includes an engine core that has a compressor section, a combustor section, and a turbine section. An exhaust duct is located downstream of the turbine section for receiving a hot turbine exhaust stream from the turbine section. The exhaust duct includes a heat exchanger and a temperature-control module upstream of the heat exchanger. A first compressor bleed line portion leads into the heat exchanger, and a second compressor bleed lie portion leads into the exhaust duct upstream of the heat exchanger. A compressor return line leads from the heat exchanger into the engine core upstream of the combustor section. The compressor bleed line is operable to selectively feed compressed air to the heat exchanger, and the temperature-control module is operable to selectively modulate at least one of temperature and flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream with respect to the heat exchanger.1. A recuperated gas turbine engine comprising:
an engine core including a compressor section, a combustor section, and a turbine section; an exhaust duct downstream of the turbine section for receiving a hot turbine exhaust stream from the turbine section, the exhaust duct including a heat exchanger and a temperature-control module upstream of the heat exchanger; a first compressor bleed line portion leading into the heat exchanger and operable to selectively feed compressed air from the compressor section to the heat exchanger; a second compressor bleed line portion leading into the exhaust duct upstream of the heat exchanger and operable to selectively feed compressed air from the compressor section to the exhaust duct upstream of the heat exchanger; and a compressor return line leading from the heat exchanger into the engine core upstream of the combustor section, the compressor bleed line operable to selectively feed compressed air to the heat exchanger; the temperature-control module operable to selectively modulate at least one of temperature and flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream with respect to the heat exchanger. 2. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 1, wherein the temperature-control module includes an exhaust diverter valve in the exhaust duct, and the exhaust diverter valve is moveable between open and closed positions with respect to permitting flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream across the heat exchanger. 3. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 1, wherein the first compressor bleed line portion and second compressor bleed line portion correspond to respective branches of a single compressor bleed line. 4. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 3, wherein the temperature-control module includes the second compressor bleed line portion and a valve operable to control flow through the second compressor bleed line portion into the exhaust duct. 5. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 1, wherein the first compressor bleed line portion and second compressor bleed line portion correspond to separate compressor bleed lines that independently lead from the compressor to their respective destinations. 6. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 5, wherein the temperature-control module includes the second compressor bleed line portion and a valve operable to control flow through the second compressor bleed line portion into the exhaust duct. 7. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 1, wherein the temperature-control module includes a flow distributor in the exhaust duct, the flow distributor being in communication with either the compressor bleed line or an additional independent compressor bleed line, and the flow distributor includes a plurality of cooling holes opening to the exhaust duct. 8. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 1, wherein the compressor section includes an axial compressor and a centrifugal compressor. 9. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 8, wherein the axial compressor includes no more than three compressor stages. 10. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 1, wherein the compressor section has an overall pressure ratio (“OPR”) in a range of 12-24. 11. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 1, wherein the compressor section has a size rating of 0.7 pounds per second at an exit of the compressor section. 12. A recuperated gas turbine engine comprising:
an engine core including a compressor section, a combustor section, and a turbine section; an exhaust duct downstream of the turbine section for receiving a hot turbine exhaust stream from the turbine section, the exhaust duct including a heat exchanger and a temperature-control module upstream of the heat exchanger, the temperature-control module operable to influence at least one of temperature and flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream; a first compressor bleed line portion leading into the heat exchanger and operable to selectively feed compressed air from the compressor section to the heat exchanger; a second compressor bleed line portion leading into the exhaust duct upstream of the heat exchanger and operable to selectively feed compressed air from the compressor section to the exhaust duct upstream of the heat exchanger; and a compressor return line leading from the heat exchanger into the engine core upstream of the combustor section; and a controller in communication with at least the heat exchanger temperature-control module, the controller configured to selectively regulate feed of compressed air through the first and second compressor bleed line portions and configured to selectively regulate at least one of temperature and flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream with respect to the heat exchanger. 13. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 12, wherein the temperature-control module includes an exhaust diverter valve in the exhaust duct, and the controller is configured to move the exhaust diverter valve between open and closed positions with respect to flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream. 14. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 13, wherein the controller is configured with at least low and high power modes with respect to back pressure on the turbine section, in the low power mode the controller feeding the compressed air through the compressor bleed line to the heat exchanger and opening the exhaust diverter valve to permit flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream across the heat exchanger, and in the high power mode the controller reducing feed of the compressed air through at least one of the first and second compressor bleed line portions and closing the exhaust diverter valve to reduce flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream across the heat exchanger. 15. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 12, wherein the first compressor bleed line portion and second compressor bleed line portion correspond to respective branches of a single compressor bleed line, and the temperature-control module includes the second compressor bleed line portion and a valve operable to control flow through the second compressor bleed line portion into the exhaust duct, and the controller is configured to open and close the valve to selectively regulate the temperature of the hot turbine exhaust stream with respect to the heat exchanger. 16. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 12, wherein the first compressor bleed line portion and second compressor bleed line portion correspond to separate compressor bleed lines that independently lead from the compressor to their respective destinations, and the temperature-control module includes the second compressor bleed line portion and a valve operable to control flow through the second compressor bleed line portion into the exhaust duct, and the controller is configured to open and close the valve to selectively regulate the temperature of the hot turbine exhaust stream with respect to the heat exchanger. 17. The recuperated gas turbine engine of claim 12, wherein the controller is configured to selectively regulate the temperature or the flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream with respect to a heat-exchanger-engine parameter representative of a temperature of the heat exchanger. 18. A method for controlling a recuperated gas turbine engine, the method comprising:
selectively feeding compressed air from a first compressor bleed line portion into a heat exchanger in an exhaust duct and from a second compressor bleed line portion into a portion of the exhaust duct upstream of the heat exchanger to heat the compressed air using a hot turbine exhaust stream in the exhaust duct; feeding the heated compressed air from the heat exchanger into an inlet of the combustor section; and regulating at least one of temperature and flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream in the exhaust duct with respect to the heat exchanger. 19. The method of claim 18, including regulating the temperature of the hot turbine exhaust stream in the exhaust duct in response to a heat-exchanger-engine parameter representative of a temperature of the heat exchanger. 20. The method of claim 19, including reducing the temperature of the hot turbine exhaust stream in the exhaust duct using compressor bleed air. 21. The method of claim 18, including regulating the flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream in the exhaust duct in response to a heat-exchanger-engine parameter representative of a temperature of the heat exchanger. 22. The method of claim 21, including regulating the flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream by moving an exhaust diverter valve in the exhaust duct between open and closed positions with respect to permitting flow of the hot turbine exhaust stream across the heat exchanger. 23. The method of claim 18, wherein said first compressor bleed line portion and second compressor bleed line portion correspond to respective branches of a single compressor bleed line. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein said first compressor bleed line portion and second compressor bleed line portion correspond to separate compressor bleed lines that independently lead from the compressor to their respective destinations. | 3,700 |
341,080 | 16,801,331 | 3,741 | Aspects of the invention include generation of a secure key exchange (SKE) authentication request by an initiator node of a computing environment. A non-limiting example computer-implemented method includes receiving an initialization response message at an initiator channel on an initiator node from a responder channel on a responder node to initiate a secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the initiator node. A set of cryptographic keys is derived based on a security association payload of the initialization response message. A proposal list is built based on one or more security capabilities supported by the initiator channel. An authentication request message is built based at least in part on the set of cryptographic keys and the proposal list. The authentication request message is sent from the LKM to the initiator channel. | 1. A computer program product for facilitating processing in a computing environment, the computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage medium readable by one or more processing circuits and storing instructions for performing operations comprising:
receiving an initialization response message at an initiator channel on an initiator node from a responder channel on a responder node to initiate a secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the initiator node;
deriving a set of cryptographic keys based on a security association payload of the initialization response message;
building a proposal list based on one or more security capabilities supported by the initiator channel;
building an authentication request message based at least in part on the set of cryptographic keys and the proposal list; and
sending the authentication request message from the LKM to the initiator channel. 2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise the initiator channel sending the authentication request message to the responder channel. 3. The computer program product of claim 2, wherein the sending the authentication request message to the responder channel is via a storage area network (SAN). 4. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the authentication request message further comprises an initiator signature based at least in part on one or more parameters extracted from the initialization response message. 5. The computer program product of claim 4, wherein the initiator signature is based on a responder nonce, a shared key, an initiator identifier, and at least one key from the set of cryptographic keys. 6. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise verifying the initialization response message. 7. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise verifying a security association state of the initiator node. 8. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise verifying a last received message state of the LKM. 9. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise initiating a recovery process based on determining that a payload type of the initialization response message is a notify message type. 10. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise rejecting the initialization response message based on a verification result of the initialization response message, a non-compliant security association state, or an unexpected message sequence. 11. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the initiator node is a host computer and the LKM executes in a logical partition of the host computer. 12. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the responder node is a host computer or a storage array. 13. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the initialization response is received unencrypted at the initiator channel, and the authentication request message is encrypted. 14. A computer-implemented method of facilitating processing within a computing environment, the computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving an initialization response message at an initiator channel on an initiator node from a responder channel on a responder node to initiate a secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the initiator node; deriving a set of cryptographic keys based on a security association payload of the initialization response message; building a proposal list based on one or more security capabilities supported by the initiator channel; building an authentication request message based at least in part on the set of cryptographic keys and the proposal list; and sending the authentication request message from the LKM to the initiator channel. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the authentication request message further comprises an initiator signature based at least in part on one or more parameters extracted from the initialization response message, and the initiator signature is based on a responder nonce, a shared key, an initiator identifier, and at least one key from the set of cryptographic keys. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, further comprising:
verifying the initialization response message; verifying a security association state of the initiator node; verifying a last received message state of the LKM; and initiating a recovery process based on determining that a payload type of the initialization response message is a notify message type. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, further comprising:
rejecting the initialization response message based on a verification result of the initialization response message, a non-compliant security association state, or an unexpected message sequence. 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the initialization response is received unencrypted at the initiator channel, and the authentication request message is encrypted. 19. A computer system for facilitating processing within a computing environment, the computer system comprising:
an initiator node; and a plurality of channels coupled to the initiator node, wherein the computer system is configured to perform operations comprising:
receiving an initialization response message at an initiator channel on the initiator node from a responder channel on a responder node to initiate a secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the initiator node;
deriving a set of cryptographic keys based on a security association payload of the initialization response message;
building a proposal list based on one or more security capabilities supported by the initiator channel;
building an authentication request message based at least in part on the set of cryptographic keys and the proposal list; and
sending the authentication request message from the LKM to the initiator channel. 20. The computer system of claim 19, wherein the initiator node is a host computer and the LKM executes in a logical partition of the host computer, and the responder node is a storage array. | Aspects of the invention include generation of a secure key exchange (SKE) authentication request by an initiator node of a computing environment. A non-limiting example computer-implemented method includes receiving an initialization response message at an initiator channel on an initiator node from a responder channel on a responder node to initiate a secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the initiator node. A set of cryptographic keys is derived based on a security association payload of the initialization response message. A proposal list is built based on one or more security capabilities supported by the initiator channel. An authentication request message is built based at least in part on the set of cryptographic keys and the proposal list. The authentication request message is sent from the LKM to the initiator channel.1. A computer program product for facilitating processing in a computing environment, the computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage medium readable by one or more processing circuits and storing instructions for performing operations comprising:
receiving an initialization response message at an initiator channel on an initiator node from a responder channel on a responder node to initiate a secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the initiator node;
deriving a set of cryptographic keys based on a security association payload of the initialization response message;
building a proposal list based on one or more security capabilities supported by the initiator channel;
building an authentication request message based at least in part on the set of cryptographic keys and the proposal list; and
sending the authentication request message from the LKM to the initiator channel. 2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise the initiator channel sending the authentication request message to the responder channel. 3. The computer program product of claim 2, wherein the sending the authentication request message to the responder channel is via a storage area network (SAN). 4. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the authentication request message further comprises an initiator signature based at least in part on one or more parameters extracted from the initialization response message. 5. The computer program product of claim 4, wherein the initiator signature is based on a responder nonce, a shared key, an initiator identifier, and at least one key from the set of cryptographic keys. 6. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise verifying the initialization response message. 7. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise verifying a security association state of the initiator node. 8. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise verifying a last received message state of the LKM. 9. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise initiating a recovery process based on determining that a payload type of the initialization response message is a notify message type. 10. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise rejecting the initialization response message based on a verification result of the initialization response message, a non-compliant security association state, or an unexpected message sequence. 11. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the initiator node is a host computer and the LKM executes in a logical partition of the host computer. 12. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the responder node is a host computer or a storage array. 13. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the initialization response is received unencrypted at the initiator channel, and the authentication request message is encrypted. 14. A computer-implemented method of facilitating processing within a computing environment, the computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving an initialization response message at an initiator channel on an initiator node from a responder channel on a responder node to initiate a secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the initiator node; deriving a set of cryptographic keys based on a security association payload of the initialization response message; building a proposal list based on one or more security capabilities supported by the initiator channel; building an authentication request message based at least in part on the set of cryptographic keys and the proposal list; and sending the authentication request message from the LKM to the initiator channel. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the authentication request message further comprises an initiator signature based at least in part on one or more parameters extracted from the initialization response message, and the initiator signature is based on a responder nonce, a shared key, an initiator identifier, and at least one key from the set of cryptographic keys. 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, further comprising:
verifying the initialization response message; verifying a security association state of the initiator node; verifying a last received message state of the LKM; and initiating a recovery process based on determining that a payload type of the initialization response message is a notify message type. 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, further comprising:
rejecting the initialization response message based on a verification result of the initialization response message, a non-compliant security association state, or an unexpected message sequence. 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, wherein the initialization response is received unencrypted at the initiator channel, and the authentication request message is encrypted. 19. A computer system for facilitating processing within a computing environment, the computer system comprising:
an initiator node; and a plurality of channels coupled to the initiator node, wherein the computer system is configured to perform operations comprising:
receiving an initialization response message at an initiator channel on the initiator node from a responder channel on a responder node to initiate a secure communication, the receiving at a local key manager (LKM) executing on the initiator node;
deriving a set of cryptographic keys based on a security association payload of the initialization response message;
building a proposal list based on one or more security capabilities supported by the initiator channel;
building an authentication request message based at least in part on the set of cryptographic keys and the proposal list; and
sending the authentication request message from the LKM to the initiator channel. 20. The computer system of claim 19, wherein the initiator node is a host computer and the LKM executes in a logical partition of the host computer, and the responder node is a storage array. | 3,700 |
341,081 | 16,801,386 | 1,789 | A reinforcing fabric configured for intumescent material expansion includes a woven fabric. The woven fabric has a plurality of composite yarns. Each composite yarn includes a fire resistant component and a crimping component. The crimping component is bonded to the fire resistant component, where the fire resistant component is in a crimped state and the crimping component is in a relaxed state when bonded. The woven fabric is woven with the plurality of the composite yarns with the fire resistant component maintained in the crimped state and the crimping component maintained in the relaxed state in each of the composite yarns. When the woven fabric is imbedded in an intumescent material, the woven fabric is configured to reinforce the intumescent material during heat expansion, and mechanical loads from the expanding intumescent material, in a controlled and predictable manner. | 1. A reinforcing fabric configured for intumescent material expansion comprising:
a woven fabric comprising a plurality of composite yarns, each composite yarn including:
a fire resistant component; and
a crimping component bonded to the fire resistant component, where the fire resistant component is in a crimped state and the crimping component is in a relaxed state when bonded;
the woven fabric is woven with the plurality of composite yarns with the fire resistant component maintained in the crimped state and the crimping component maintained in the relaxed state in each of the plurality of composite yarns;
wherein, when the woven fabric is imbedded in an intumescent material, the woven fabric is configured to reinforce the intumescent material during heat expansion, and mechanical loads from the expanding intumescent material, in a controlled and predictable manner. 2. The reinforcing fabric of claim 1, wherein when the woven fabric is imbedded in the intumescent material and is subjected to heat where the intumescent material expands, forces of expansion of the intumescent material act on the composite yarns, where the crimping component of each composite yarn is configured to expand or soften thereby straightening the crimped state of the fire resistant component. 3. The reinforcing fabric of claim 1, wherein when the woven fabric is imbedded in the intumescent material and reaches a decomposition point or a melt point of the crimping component, the crimping component is configured to fully release the crimped state of the fire resistant component to fully extend, where the fire resistant component is configured to carry a full load of the intumescent material expanding while remaining imbedded therein. 4. The reinforcing fabric of claim 1, wherein the fire resistant component is in a sinusoidal shape in the crimped state. 5. The reinforcing fabric of claim 4, wherein the crimped state of the fire resistant component is configured to have a tailored crimp based on a desired use of the intumescent material. 6. The reinforcing fabric of claim 1, wherein:
the crimping component is a stretchy fiber, wherein each composite yarn is manufactured by stretching the stretchy fiber and bonding the fire resistant component to the stretched stretchy fiber, whereby, when the stretchy fiber is relaxed to the relaxed state, the fire resistant component is crimped to the crimped state; the crimping component is the stretchy fiber, wherein each composite yarn is manufactured by overwrapping the stretchy fiber with the fire resistant component, where the fire resistant component takes an S-form with the stretchy fiber in a relatively straight state and the fire resistant component in an S-configuration, wherein:
dimensions of the S-form are configured to be modified by altering a relative tension of the stretchy fiber and the fire resistant component; and
a frequency of cross-overs of the stretchy fiber are configured to be adjusted to increase or decrease a difference in length between an s-length of the fire resistant component and a straight length of the stretchy fiber;
the crimping component is the stretchy fiber, wherein each composite yarn is manufactured by braiding the stretchy fiber with the fire resistant component, where the stretchy fiber is braided in a stretched state with a constant tension applied for a desired amount of stretch for the composite yarn, and once braided, the stretchy fiber is relaxed where it contracts and causes the fire resistant component to crimp and form the S-configuration; the crimping component is a melt-able yarn, wherein the composite yarn is produced by lining the melt-able yarn along the fire resistant component, heating the lined melt-able yarn, running the lined melt-able yarn and fire resistant component between two partially meshed gears where they are crimped and cooling the crimped melt-able yarn and fire resistant component, resulting in a crenulated or crimped composite yarn that is maintained in the crimped state by the solidified melt-able yarn; the crimping component is a thermoplastic coating, where the composite yarn is produced by coating the thermoplastic coating on the fire resistant component, heating the coated fire resistant component, running the coated fire resistant component between two partially meshed gears where they are crimped, and cooling the crimped coated fire resistant component, resulting in a crenulated or crimped composite yarn that is maintained in the crimped state by the solidified thermoplastic coating; or combinations thereof. 7. The reinforcing fabric of claim 1, wherein the woven fabric includes an open mesh, leno weave, wherein the composite yarns in the open mesh, leno weave of the woven fabric include a plurality of warp yarns and a plurality of weft yarns, where a mesh size of the woven fabric is configured by a number of composite yarns per inch for the plurality of warp yarns and the plurality of weft yarns, wherein:
the woven fabric is woven in the open mesh, leno weave where the fire resistant component is maintained in the crimped state and the crimping component is in the relaxed state for each of the plurality of warp yarns and the plurality of weft yarns; and when the woven fabric is imbedded in the intumescent material and is subjected to heat where the intumescent material expands, the crimping component in each warp yarn and each weft yarn of the woven fabric is configured to expand in both a warp direction and a weft direction from the forces of the intumescent material expansion acting on the woven fabric, thereby increasing the mesh size of the woven fabric. 8. The reinforcing fabric of claim 7, wherein the mesh size of the woven fabric is approximately ¼ inch opening between adjacent warp yarns and adjacent weft yarns. 9. The reinforcing fabric of claim 1, wherein:
the fire resistant component is made from a fire resistant material; the crimping component is a synthetic fiber with elasticity configured to stretch up to five times its length; or combinations thereof. 10. The reinforcing fabric of claim 9, wherein:
the fire resistant material of the fire resistant component includes a continuous filament; the synthetic fiber is a polyether-polyurea copolymer fiber, a specially formulated polyester, or a specially formulated nylon, where the polyether-polyurea copolymer fiber is a spandex fiber or an elastane fiber; or combinations thereof. 11. The reinforcing fabric of claim 10, wherein:
the continuous filament is a fully carbonized carbon filament fiber with a useful temperature of between 1000 degrees Fahrenheit and 3000 degrees Fahrenheit; the crimping component is not made from a second fire resistant material and has a melting temperature of between 200 degrees Fahrenheit and 400 degrees Fahrenheit; or combinations thereof. 12. A composite yarn for a reinforcing fabric configured for expansion of an intumescent material comprising:
a fire resistant component; and a crimping component bonded to the fire resistant component, where the fire resistant component is in a crimped state and the crimping component is in a relaxed state when bonded; the yarn is configured to be woven into a woven fabric with the fire resistant component maintained in the crimped state and the crimping component maintained in the relaxed state. 13. The composite yarn of claim 12, wherein the fire resistant component is in a sinusoidal shape in the crimped state, where the crimped state of the fire resistant component is configured to have a tailored crimp based ono a desired use of the intumescent material. 14. The composite yarn of claim 12, wherein:
the crimping component is a stretchy fiber, wherein the composite yarn is manufactured by stretching the stretchy fiber and bonding the fire resistant component to the stretched stretchy fiber, whereby, when the stretchy fiber is relaxed to the relaxed state, the fire resistant component is crimped to the crimped state; the crimping component is the stretchy fiber, the composite yarn is manufactured by overwrapping the stretchy fiber with the fire resistant component, where the fire resistant component takes an S-form with the stretchy fiber in a relatively straight state and the fire resistant component in an S-configuration, wherein:
dimensions of the S-form are configured to be modified by altering a relative tension of the stretchy fiber and the fire resistant component; and
a frequency of cross-overs of the stretchy fiber are configured to be adjusted to increase or decrease a difference in length between an s-length of the fire resistant component and a straight length of the stretchy fiber;
the crimping component is the stretchy fiber, the composite yarn is manufactured by braiding the stretchy fiber with the fire resistant component, where the stretchy fiber is braided in a stretched state with a constant tension applied for a desired amount of stretch for the composite yarn, and once braided, the stretchy fiber is relaxed where it contracts and causes the fire resistant component to crimp and form an S-configuration; the crimping component is a melt-able yarn, wherein the composite yarn is produced by lining the melt-able yarn along the fire resistant component, heating the lined melt-able yarn, running the lined melt-able yarn and fire resistant component between two partially meshed gears where they are crimped and cooling the crimped melt-able yarn and fire resistant component, resulting in a crenulated or crimped composite yarn that is maintained in the crimped state by the solidified melt-able yarn; the crimping component is a thermoplastic coating, where the composite yarn is produced by coating the thermoplastic coating on the fire resistant component, heating the coated fire resistant component, running the coated fire resistant component between the two partially meshed gears where they are crimped and cooling the crimped coating fire resistant component, resulting in a crenulated or crimped composite yarn that is maintained in the crimped state by the solidified thermoplastic coating; or combinations thereof. 15. The composite yarn of claim 12, wherein:
the fire resistant component is made from a fire resistant material and includes a continuous filament; or the crimping component is a synthetic fiber with elasticity configured to stretch up to five times its length. 16. The composite yarn of claim 15, wherein:
the fire resistant material of the fire resistant component carbon or fiberglass, wherein the carbon is a fully carbonized carbon filament fiber with a useful temperature of between 1000 degrees Fahrenheit and 3000 degrees Fahrenheit; or the synthetic fiber is a polyether-polyurea copolymer fiber, a specially formulated polyester, or a specially formulated nylon, wherein the polyether-polyurea copolymer fiber is a spandex fiber or elastane fiber. 17. The composite yarn of claim 12, wherein the crimping component is not made from a second fire resistant material and has a melting temperature of between 200 degrees Fahrenheit and 400 degrees Fahrenheit. 18. A reinforced intumescent coating for a structure comprising:
a woven fabric comprising a plurality of composite yarns, each composite yarn including:
a fire resistant component; and
a crimping component bonded to the fire resistant component, where the fire resistant component is in a crimped state and the crimping component is in a relaxed state when bonded;
the woven fabric is woven with each of the composite yarns with the fire resistant component maintained in the crimped state and the crimping component maintained in the relaxed state;
an intumescent material, where the woven fabric is imbedded in the intumescent material; wherein, when the woven fabric is imbedded in the intumescent material, the woven fabric is configured to reinforce the intumescent material during heat expansion, and mechanical loads from the expanding intumescent material, in a controlled and predictable manner; whereby, when the reinforced intumescent material is applied to the structure, the reinforced intumescent material is configured to protect the structure from fire and extreme heat. 19. The reinforced intumescent coating of claim 18, wherein:
when the woven fabric imbedded in the intumescent material is subjected to heat where the intumescent material expands, forces of expansion of the intumescent material act on the composite yarns, where the crimping component of each composite yarn is configured to expand or soften thereby straightening the crimped state of the fire resistant component; when the woven fabric is imbedded in the intumescent material and reaches a decomposition point or a melt point of the crimping component, the crimping component is configured to fully release the crimped state of the fire resistant component to fully extend where it is configured to carry the full load of the expanding intumescent material while remaining imbedded therein; or combinations thereof. 20. The reinforced intumescent coating of claim 18, wherein:
the fire resistant component is a fully carbonized carbon filament fiber with a useful temperature of between 1000 degrees Fahrenheit and 3000 degrees Fahrenheit; and the crimping component is not made from a second fire resistant material and has a melting temperature of between 200 degrees Fahrenheit and 400 degrees Fahrenheit; whereby, the reinforced intumescent coating is configured to protect the structure from fire and extreme heat of temperatures of approximately 1100 degrees Fahrenheit. | A reinforcing fabric configured for intumescent material expansion includes a woven fabric. The woven fabric has a plurality of composite yarns. Each composite yarn includes a fire resistant component and a crimping component. The crimping component is bonded to the fire resistant component, where the fire resistant component is in a crimped state and the crimping component is in a relaxed state when bonded. The woven fabric is woven with the plurality of the composite yarns with the fire resistant component maintained in the crimped state and the crimping component maintained in the relaxed state in each of the composite yarns. When the woven fabric is imbedded in an intumescent material, the woven fabric is configured to reinforce the intumescent material during heat expansion, and mechanical loads from the expanding intumescent material, in a controlled and predictable manner.1. A reinforcing fabric configured for intumescent material expansion comprising:
a woven fabric comprising a plurality of composite yarns, each composite yarn including:
a fire resistant component; and
a crimping component bonded to the fire resistant component, where the fire resistant component is in a crimped state and the crimping component is in a relaxed state when bonded;
the woven fabric is woven with the plurality of composite yarns with the fire resistant component maintained in the crimped state and the crimping component maintained in the relaxed state in each of the plurality of composite yarns;
wherein, when the woven fabric is imbedded in an intumescent material, the woven fabric is configured to reinforce the intumescent material during heat expansion, and mechanical loads from the expanding intumescent material, in a controlled and predictable manner. 2. The reinforcing fabric of claim 1, wherein when the woven fabric is imbedded in the intumescent material and is subjected to heat where the intumescent material expands, forces of expansion of the intumescent material act on the composite yarns, where the crimping component of each composite yarn is configured to expand or soften thereby straightening the crimped state of the fire resistant component. 3. The reinforcing fabric of claim 1, wherein when the woven fabric is imbedded in the intumescent material and reaches a decomposition point or a melt point of the crimping component, the crimping component is configured to fully release the crimped state of the fire resistant component to fully extend, where the fire resistant component is configured to carry a full load of the intumescent material expanding while remaining imbedded therein. 4. The reinforcing fabric of claim 1, wherein the fire resistant component is in a sinusoidal shape in the crimped state. 5. The reinforcing fabric of claim 4, wherein the crimped state of the fire resistant component is configured to have a tailored crimp based on a desired use of the intumescent material. 6. The reinforcing fabric of claim 1, wherein:
the crimping component is a stretchy fiber, wherein each composite yarn is manufactured by stretching the stretchy fiber and bonding the fire resistant component to the stretched stretchy fiber, whereby, when the stretchy fiber is relaxed to the relaxed state, the fire resistant component is crimped to the crimped state; the crimping component is the stretchy fiber, wherein each composite yarn is manufactured by overwrapping the stretchy fiber with the fire resistant component, where the fire resistant component takes an S-form with the stretchy fiber in a relatively straight state and the fire resistant component in an S-configuration, wherein:
dimensions of the S-form are configured to be modified by altering a relative tension of the stretchy fiber and the fire resistant component; and
a frequency of cross-overs of the stretchy fiber are configured to be adjusted to increase or decrease a difference in length between an s-length of the fire resistant component and a straight length of the stretchy fiber;
the crimping component is the stretchy fiber, wherein each composite yarn is manufactured by braiding the stretchy fiber with the fire resistant component, where the stretchy fiber is braided in a stretched state with a constant tension applied for a desired amount of stretch for the composite yarn, and once braided, the stretchy fiber is relaxed where it contracts and causes the fire resistant component to crimp and form the S-configuration; the crimping component is a melt-able yarn, wherein the composite yarn is produced by lining the melt-able yarn along the fire resistant component, heating the lined melt-able yarn, running the lined melt-able yarn and fire resistant component between two partially meshed gears where they are crimped and cooling the crimped melt-able yarn and fire resistant component, resulting in a crenulated or crimped composite yarn that is maintained in the crimped state by the solidified melt-able yarn; the crimping component is a thermoplastic coating, where the composite yarn is produced by coating the thermoplastic coating on the fire resistant component, heating the coated fire resistant component, running the coated fire resistant component between two partially meshed gears where they are crimped, and cooling the crimped coated fire resistant component, resulting in a crenulated or crimped composite yarn that is maintained in the crimped state by the solidified thermoplastic coating; or combinations thereof. 7. The reinforcing fabric of claim 1, wherein the woven fabric includes an open mesh, leno weave, wherein the composite yarns in the open mesh, leno weave of the woven fabric include a plurality of warp yarns and a plurality of weft yarns, where a mesh size of the woven fabric is configured by a number of composite yarns per inch for the plurality of warp yarns and the plurality of weft yarns, wherein:
the woven fabric is woven in the open mesh, leno weave where the fire resistant component is maintained in the crimped state and the crimping component is in the relaxed state for each of the plurality of warp yarns and the plurality of weft yarns; and when the woven fabric is imbedded in the intumescent material and is subjected to heat where the intumescent material expands, the crimping component in each warp yarn and each weft yarn of the woven fabric is configured to expand in both a warp direction and a weft direction from the forces of the intumescent material expansion acting on the woven fabric, thereby increasing the mesh size of the woven fabric. 8. The reinforcing fabric of claim 7, wherein the mesh size of the woven fabric is approximately ¼ inch opening between adjacent warp yarns and adjacent weft yarns. 9. The reinforcing fabric of claim 1, wherein:
the fire resistant component is made from a fire resistant material; the crimping component is a synthetic fiber with elasticity configured to stretch up to five times its length; or combinations thereof. 10. The reinforcing fabric of claim 9, wherein:
the fire resistant material of the fire resistant component includes a continuous filament; the synthetic fiber is a polyether-polyurea copolymer fiber, a specially formulated polyester, or a specially formulated nylon, where the polyether-polyurea copolymer fiber is a spandex fiber or an elastane fiber; or combinations thereof. 11. The reinforcing fabric of claim 10, wherein:
the continuous filament is a fully carbonized carbon filament fiber with a useful temperature of between 1000 degrees Fahrenheit and 3000 degrees Fahrenheit; the crimping component is not made from a second fire resistant material and has a melting temperature of between 200 degrees Fahrenheit and 400 degrees Fahrenheit; or combinations thereof. 12. A composite yarn for a reinforcing fabric configured for expansion of an intumescent material comprising:
a fire resistant component; and a crimping component bonded to the fire resistant component, where the fire resistant component is in a crimped state and the crimping component is in a relaxed state when bonded; the yarn is configured to be woven into a woven fabric with the fire resistant component maintained in the crimped state and the crimping component maintained in the relaxed state. 13. The composite yarn of claim 12, wherein the fire resistant component is in a sinusoidal shape in the crimped state, where the crimped state of the fire resistant component is configured to have a tailored crimp based ono a desired use of the intumescent material. 14. The composite yarn of claim 12, wherein:
the crimping component is a stretchy fiber, wherein the composite yarn is manufactured by stretching the stretchy fiber and bonding the fire resistant component to the stretched stretchy fiber, whereby, when the stretchy fiber is relaxed to the relaxed state, the fire resistant component is crimped to the crimped state; the crimping component is the stretchy fiber, the composite yarn is manufactured by overwrapping the stretchy fiber with the fire resistant component, where the fire resistant component takes an S-form with the stretchy fiber in a relatively straight state and the fire resistant component in an S-configuration, wherein:
dimensions of the S-form are configured to be modified by altering a relative tension of the stretchy fiber and the fire resistant component; and
a frequency of cross-overs of the stretchy fiber are configured to be adjusted to increase or decrease a difference in length between an s-length of the fire resistant component and a straight length of the stretchy fiber;
the crimping component is the stretchy fiber, the composite yarn is manufactured by braiding the stretchy fiber with the fire resistant component, where the stretchy fiber is braided in a stretched state with a constant tension applied for a desired amount of stretch for the composite yarn, and once braided, the stretchy fiber is relaxed where it contracts and causes the fire resistant component to crimp and form an S-configuration; the crimping component is a melt-able yarn, wherein the composite yarn is produced by lining the melt-able yarn along the fire resistant component, heating the lined melt-able yarn, running the lined melt-able yarn and fire resistant component between two partially meshed gears where they are crimped and cooling the crimped melt-able yarn and fire resistant component, resulting in a crenulated or crimped composite yarn that is maintained in the crimped state by the solidified melt-able yarn; the crimping component is a thermoplastic coating, where the composite yarn is produced by coating the thermoplastic coating on the fire resistant component, heating the coated fire resistant component, running the coated fire resistant component between the two partially meshed gears where they are crimped and cooling the crimped coating fire resistant component, resulting in a crenulated or crimped composite yarn that is maintained in the crimped state by the solidified thermoplastic coating; or combinations thereof. 15. The composite yarn of claim 12, wherein:
the fire resistant component is made from a fire resistant material and includes a continuous filament; or the crimping component is a synthetic fiber with elasticity configured to stretch up to five times its length. 16. The composite yarn of claim 15, wherein:
the fire resistant material of the fire resistant component carbon or fiberglass, wherein the carbon is a fully carbonized carbon filament fiber with a useful temperature of between 1000 degrees Fahrenheit and 3000 degrees Fahrenheit; or the synthetic fiber is a polyether-polyurea copolymer fiber, a specially formulated polyester, or a specially formulated nylon, wherein the polyether-polyurea copolymer fiber is a spandex fiber or elastane fiber. 17. The composite yarn of claim 12, wherein the crimping component is not made from a second fire resistant material and has a melting temperature of between 200 degrees Fahrenheit and 400 degrees Fahrenheit. 18. A reinforced intumescent coating for a structure comprising:
a woven fabric comprising a plurality of composite yarns, each composite yarn including:
a fire resistant component; and
a crimping component bonded to the fire resistant component, where the fire resistant component is in a crimped state and the crimping component is in a relaxed state when bonded;
the woven fabric is woven with each of the composite yarns with the fire resistant component maintained in the crimped state and the crimping component maintained in the relaxed state;
an intumescent material, where the woven fabric is imbedded in the intumescent material; wherein, when the woven fabric is imbedded in the intumescent material, the woven fabric is configured to reinforce the intumescent material during heat expansion, and mechanical loads from the expanding intumescent material, in a controlled and predictable manner; whereby, when the reinforced intumescent material is applied to the structure, the reinforced intumescent material is configured to protect the structure from fire and extreme heat. 19. The reinforced intumescent coating of claim 18, wherein:
when the woven fabric imbedded in the intumescent material is subjected to heat where the intumescent material expands, forces of expansion of the intumescent material act on the composite yarns, where the crimping component of each composite yarn is configured to expand or soften thereby straightening the crimped state of the fire resistant component; when the woven fabric is imbedded in the intumescent material and reaches a decomposition point or a melt point of the crimping component, the crimping component is configured to fully release the crimped state of the fire resistant component to fully extend where it is configured to carry the full load of the expanding intumescent material while remaining imbedded therein; or combinations thereof. 20. The reinforced intumescent coating of claim 18, wherein:
the fire resistant component is a fully carbonized carbon filament fiber with a useful temperature of between 1000 degrees Fahrenheit and 3000 degrees Fahrenheit; and the crimping component is not made from a second fire resistant material and has a melting temperature of between 200 degrees Fahrenheit and 400 degrees Fahrenheit; whereby, the reinforced intumescent coating is configured to protect the structure from fire and extreme heat of temperatures of approximately 1100 degrees Fahrenheit. | 1,700 |
341,082 | 16,801,396 | 1,789 | A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided to determine the fluorescence lifetime in an efficient manner In the context of a method electric charge generated by fluorescence emission during two overlapping time periods of a single measurement cycle is stored to form first and second measures. The electric charge generated during that segment of the two time periods during which the two time periods overlap is incorporated in the first measure and in the second measure. The method also includes determining a fluorescence lifetime based at least in part upon the first and second measures. | 1. A method comprising:
storing electric charge generated by fluorescence emission during two overlapping time periods of a single measurement cycle to form first and second measures, wherein the electric charge generated during that segment of the two time periods during which the two time periods overlap is incorporated in the first measure and in the second measure; and determining a fluorescence lifetime based at least in part upon the first and second measures. 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein storing electric charge comprises storing electric charge generated by fluorescence emission during first, second and third non-overlapping time segments of the single measurement cycle, and wherein the method further comprises combining the electric charge stored during the first and second time segments to form the first measure and combining the electric charge stored during the second and third time segments to form the second measure. 3. A method according to claim 2 further comprising repeatedly storing electric charge and combining the electric charge during a plurality of measurement cycles prior to determining the fluorescence lifetime, wherein repeatedly storing electric charge during a respective time segment comprises integrating the electric charge generated by fluorescence emission during the respective time segment of the plurality of measurement cycles. 4. A method according to claim 1 further comprising comparing the first measure to a threshold; determining a first time at which the first measure satisfies the threshold; comparing the second measure to the threshold; and determining a second time at which the second measure satisfies the threshold. 5. A method according to claim 4 wherein determining the fluorescence lifetime comprises determining the fluorescence lifetime based at least in part upon the first and second times. 6. A method according to claim 4 further comprising causing the electric charge stored during the two overlapping time periods to be reset once the second measure satisfies the threshold. 7. A method according to claim 1 further comprising;
sensing the fluorescence emission and generating a current based thereupon; and
converting the current to a voltage representative of the fluorescence emission, prior to storing the electric charge. 8. An apparatus comprising:
a plurality of storage device configured to store electric charge generated by fluorescence emission during two overlapping time periods of a single measurement cycle to form first and second measures, wherein the electric charge generated during that segment of two time periods during which the two time periods overlap is incorporated in the first measure and the second measure; and processing circuitry configured to determine a fluorescence lifetime based at least in part upon the first and second measures. 9. An apparatus according to claim 8 wherein the plurality of storage devices comprise first, second and third storage devices configured to store electric charge generated by fluorescence emission during first, second and third non-overlapping time segments of the single measurement cycle, and wherein the apparatus further comprises a first summer configured to combine the electric charge stored during the first and second time segments to form the first measure and a second summer configured to combine the electric charge stored during the second and third time segments to form the second measure. 10. An apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the first, second and third storage devices comprise first, second and third capacitors disposed in parallel and configured to be alternately, switchably connected to a signal line maintained at a voltage based upon the electric charge generated by the fluorescence emission. 11. An apparatus according to claim 8 further comprising a first comparator configured to compare the first measure to a threshold; and a second comparator configured to compare the second measure to the threshold and wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to determine a first time at which the first measure satisfies the threshold and to determine a second time at which the second measure satisfies the threshold. 12. An apparatus according to claim 11 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to determine the fluorescence lifetime based at least in part upon the first and second times. 13. An apparatus according to claim 8 further comprising;
a light sensitive diode configured to sense the fluorescence emission and generate a current based thereupon;
a current-to-voltage converter configured to convert the current to a voltage representative of the fluorescence emission, prior to storing the electric charge; and
a plurality of intermediate storage devices configured to store the electric charge following conversion of the current during a plurality of non-overlapping time segments of the single measurement cycle. 14. An apparatus according to claim 13 wherein the plurality of intermediate storage devices comprises first, second and third intermediate storage devices configured to store the electric charge following conversion of the current during first, second and third non-overlapping time segments of the single measurement cycle. 15. An apparatus according to claim 14 wherein the first, second and third intermediate storage devices comprise first, second and third capacitors disposed in parallel and configured to be alternately, switchably connected to the current-to-voltage converter. 16. An apparatus according to claim 13 wherein the current-to-voltage converter comprises a transimpedence amplifier. 17. A computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer executable program code instructions stored therein, the computer executable program code instructions comprising program code instructions configured, upon execution, to:
direct storage of electric charge generated by fluorescence emission during two overlapping time periods of a single measurement cycle to form first and second measures, wherein the electric charge generated during that segment of two time periods during which the two time periods overlap is incorporated in the first measure and the second measure; and determine a fluorescence lifetime based at least in part upon the first and second measures. 18. A computer program product according to claim 17 wherein the program code instructions configured to direct storage of electric charge comprise program code instructions configured to control alternate, switchable connection of first, second and third storage devices to a signal line maintained at a voltage based upon the electric charge generated by the fluorescence emission such that the first, second and third storage devices store electric charge generated by fluorescence emission during first, second and third non-overlapping time segments of the single measurement cycle. 19. A computer program product according to claim 17 wherein the program code instructions configured to determine the fluorescence lifetime comprises program code instructions configured to determine the fluorescence lifetime based at least in part upon the first and second times. 20. A computer program product according to claim 17 wherein the computer executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions configured to control alternate, switchable connection of first, second and third intermediate storage devices to an output of a current-to-voltage converter so as to store the electric charge following conversion of a current to a voltage representative of the fluorescence emission during first, second and third non-overlapping time segments of the single measurement cycle. | A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided to determine the fluorescence lifetime in an efficient manner In the context of a method electric charge generated by fluorescence emission during two overlapping time periods of a single measurement cycle is stored to form first and second measures. The electric charge generated during that segment of the two time periods during which the two time periods overlap is incorporated in the first measure and in the second measure. The method also includes determining a fluorescence lifetime based at least in part upon the first and second measures.1. A method comprising:
storing electric charge generated by fluorescence emission during two overlapping time periods of a single measurement cycle to form first and second measures, wherein the electric charge generated during that segment of the two time periods during which the two time periods overlap is incorporated in the first measure and in the second measure; and determining a fluorescence lifetime based at least in part upon the first and second measures. 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein storing electric charge comprises storing electric charge generated by fluorescence emission during first, second and third non-overlapping time segments of the single measurement cycle, and wherein the method further comprises combining the electric charge stored during the first and second time segments to form the first measure and combining the electric charge stored during the second and third time segments to form the second measure. 3. A method according to claim 2 further comprising repeatedly storing electric charge and combining the electric charge during a plurality of measurement cycles prior to determining the fluorescence lifetime, wherein repeatedly storing electric charge during a respective time segment comprises integrating the electric charge generated by fluorescence emission during the respective time segment of the plurality of measurement cycles. 4. A method according to claim 1 further comprising comparing the first measure to a threshold; determining a first time at which the first measure satisfies the threshold; comparing the second measure to the threshold; and determining a second time at which the second measure satisfies the threshold. 5. A method according to claim 4 wherein determining the fluorescence lifetime comprises determining the fluorescence lifetime based at least in part upon the first and second times. 6. A method according to claim 4 further comprising causing the electric charge stored during the two overlapping time periods to be reset once the second measure satisfies the threshold. 7. A method according to claim 1 further comprising;
sensing the fluorescence emission and generating a current based thereupon; and
converting the current to a voltage representative of the fluorescence emission, prior to storing the electric charge. 8. An apparatus comprising:
a plurality of storage device configured to store electric charge generated by fluorescence emission during two overlapping time periods of a single measurement cycle to form first and second measures, wherein the electric charge generated during that segment of two time periods during which the two time periods overlap is incorporated in the first measure and the second measure; and processing circuitry configured to determine a fluorescence lifetime based at least in part upon the first and second measures. 9. An apparatus according to claim 8 wherein the plurality of storage devices comprise first, second and third storage devices configured to store electric charge generated by fluorescence emission during first, second and third non-overlapping time segments of the single measurement cycle, and wherein the apparatus further comprises a first summer configured to combine the electric charge stored during the first and second time segments to form the first measure and a second summer configured to combine the electric charge stored during the second and third time segments to form the second measure. 10. An apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the first, second and third storage devices comprise first, second and third capacitors disposed in parallel and configured to be alternately, switchably connected to a signal line maintained at a voltage based upon the electric charge generated by the fluorescence emission. 11. An apparatus according to claim 8 further comprising a first comparator configured to compare the first measure to a threshold; and a second comparator configured to compare the second measure to the threshold and wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to determine a first time at which the first measure satisfies the threshold and to determine a second time at which the second measure satisfies the threshold. 12. An apparatus according to claim 11 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to determine the fluorescence lifetime based at least in part upon the first and second times. 13. An apparatus according to claim 8 further comprising;
a light sensitive diode configured to sense the fluorescence emission and generate a current based thereupon;
a current-to-voltage converter configured to convert the current to a voltage representative of the fluorescence emission, prior to storing the electric charge; and
a plurality of intermediate storage devices configured to store the electric charge following conversion of the current during a plurality of non-overlapping time segments of the single measurement cycle. 14. An apparatus according to claim 13 wherein the plurality of intermediate storage devices comprises first, second and third intermediate storage devices configured to store the electric charge following conversion of the current during first, second and third non-overlapping time segments of the single measurement cycle. 15. An apparatus according to claim 14 wherein the first, second and third intermediate storage devices comprise first, second and third capacitors disposed in parallel and configured to be alternately, switchably connected to the current-to-voltage converter. 16. An apparatus according to claim 13 wherein the current-to-voltage converter comprises a transimpedence amplifier. 17. A computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer executable program code instructions stored therein, the computer executable program code instructions comprising program code instructions configured, upon execution, to:
direct storage of electric charge generated by fluorescence emission during two overlapping time periods of a single measurement cycle to form first and second measures, wherein the electric charge generated during that segment of two time periods during which the two time periods overlap is incorporated in the first measure and the second measure; and determine a fluorescence lifetime based at least in part upon the first and second measures. 18. A computer program product according to claim 17 wherein the program code instructions configured to direct storage of electric charge comprise program code instructions configured to control alternate, switchable connection of first, second and third storage devices to a signal line maintained at a voltage based upon the electric charge generated by the fluorescence emission such that the first, second and third storage devices store electric charge generated by fluorescence emission during first, second and third non-overlapping time segments of the single measurement cycle. 19. A computer program product according to claim 17 wherein the program code instructions configured to determine the fluorescence lifetime comprises program code instructions configured to determine the fluorescence lifetime based at least in part upon the first and second times. 20. A computer program product according to claim 17 wherein the computer executable program code instructions further comprise program code instructions configured to control alternate, switchable connection of first, second and third intermediate storage devices to an output of a current-to-voltage converter so as to store the electric charge following conversion of a current to a voltage representative of the fluorescence emission during first, second and third non-overlapping time segments of the single measurement cycle. | 1,700 |
341,083 | 16,801,407 | 1,789 | A method for model management includes receiving data on which to base a model, evaluating the received data against a plurality of existing models and data associated with each of the plurality of existing models, determining whether any of the plurality of existing models can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data, and providing a user with the existing models that can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data. | 1. A method for model management, comprising:
receiving data on which to base a model; evaluating the received data against a plurality of existing models and data associated with each of the plurality of existing models; determining whether any of the plurality of existing models can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data; providing a user with the existing models that can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data; wherein providing the user with the existing models that can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data comprises at least one of: (i) recommending two or more of the existing models that can be merged to develop the model for the received data; and (ii) recommending one or more of the existing models that can be divided to develop the model for the received data; receiving a selection of one of the two or more of the existing models to be merged and the one or more of the existing models to be divided to develop the model for the received data; and marking data corresponding to each of the selected models with a corresponding original model category; wherein the method is performed by at least one computer system comprising at least one memory and at least one processor connected to the memory. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining comprises performing probabilistic statistical analysis. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the probabilistic statistical analysis determines whether a given existing model meets or exceeds a predetermined probability that the given existing model is useable as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the probabilistic statistical analysis comprises performing feature extraction, natural language processing, one or more natural language understanding processes and one or more machine learning processes. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the one or more machine learning processes comprise at least one of maximum entropy classification, conditional random fields and deep learning. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising merging the data corresponding to the two or more selected models to be merged. 7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising:
dividing the merged data into test data and training data; and training the model for the received data. 8. The method according to claim 6, further comprising replacing the two or more selected models with a combined class model based on the merged data. 9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising dividing the data corresponding to the one or more selected models to be divided into a plurality of categories. 10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising:
dividing the divided data into test data and training data; and training the model for the received data. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the recommending of the one or more of the existing models that can be divided is performed using a clustering algorithm. 12. The method according to claim 1, further comprising receiving additional data on which to base an additional model, wherein it is determined that none of the plurality of existing models can be used as the additional model or as a basis to develop the additional model for the received additional data. 13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising;
determining that the additional model for the received additional data be developed independent of the plurality of existing models; and collecting crowdsourced data for the additional model for the received additional data. 14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising:
dividing the crowdsourced data into test data and training data; and training the additional model for the received additional data. 15. The method according to claim 1, further comprising generating a dynamic set of labels tracking a provenance of events corresponding to at least one of merging, dividing and creating models over a time period. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising using the dynamic set of labels to retrieve provenance information associated with the at least one of merged, divided and created models. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the recommending of the two or more of the existing models that can be merged or the recommending of the one or more of the existing models that can be divided comprises determining that a correlation between the received data and data associated with each of the existing models in the recommendation is at or greater than a given confidence threshold. 18. A system for model management, comprising:
one or more processing devices operatively connected via a communications network; an input/output module, implemented by the one or more processing devices, wherein the input/output module is configured to receive data on which to base a model; a model controller, implemented by the one or more processing devices and operatively connected to the input/output module, wherein the model controller is configured to:
receive the data on which to base the model from the input/output module;
evaluate the received data against a plurality of existing models and data associated with each of the plurality of existing models; and
determine whether any of the plurality of existing models can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data;
wherein the plurality of existing models and data associated with each of the plurality of existing models are stored in a database operatively connected to and accessible by the model controller; and wherein the model controller is further configured to: provide a user, via the input/output module, with the existing models that can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data; at least one of: (i) recommend two or more of the existing models that can be merged to develop the model for the received data; and (ii) recommend one or more of the existing models that can be divided to develop the model for the received data; receive a selection of one of the two or more of the existing models to be merged and the one or more of the existing models to be divided to develop the model for the received data; and mark data corresponding to each of the selected models with a corresponding original model category. 19. The system according to claim 18, wherein:
the model controller is further configured to perform probabilistic statistical analysis to determine whether any of the plurality of existing models can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data; and wherein the probabilistic statistical analysis determines whether a given existing model meets or exceeds a predetermined probability that the given existing model is useable as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data. 20. The system according to claim 18, wherein:
the model controller is configured to receive additional data on which to base an additional model from the input/output module; the model controller determines that none of the plurality of existing models can be used as the additional model or as a basis to develop the additional model for the received additional data, and that the additional model for the received additional data be developed independent of the plurality of existing models; and the system further comprises a trainer, implemented by the one or more processing devices and operatively connected to the model controller, wherein the trainer is configured to collect crowdsourced data for the additional model for the received additional data. 21. The system according to claim 18, wherein the model controller is configured to merge the data corresponding to the two or more selected models to be merged. 22. The system according to claim 21, wherein the model controller is configured to replace the two or more selected models with a combined class model based on the merged data. 23. An article of manufacture comprising a processor-readable storage medium having encoded therein executable code of one or more software programs, wherein the one or more software programs when executed by one or more processing devices implement the steps of:
receiving data on which to base a model; evaluating the received data against a plurality of existing models and data associated with each of the plurality of existing models; determining whether any of the plurality of existing models can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data; providing a user with the existing models that can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data; wherein providing the user with the existing models that can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data comprises at least one of: (i) recommending two or more of the existing models that can be merged to develop the model for the received data; and (ii) recommending one or more of the existing models that can be divided to develop the model for the received data; receiving a selection of one of the two or more of the existing models to be merged and the one or more of the existing models to be divided to develop the model for the received data; and marking data corresponding to each of the selected models with a corresponding original model category. | A method for model management includes receiving data on which to base a model, evaluating the received data against a plurality of existing models and data associated with each of the plurality of existing models, determining whether any of the plurality of existing models can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data, and providing a user with the existing models that can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data.1. A method for model management, comprising:
receiving data on which to base a model; evaluating the received data against a plurality of existing models and data associated with each of the plurality of existing models; determining whether any of the plurality of existing models can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data; providing a user with the existing models that can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data; wherein providing the user with the existing models that can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data comprises at least one of: (i) recommending two or more of the existing models that can be merged to develop the model for the received data; and (ii) recommending one or more of the existing models that can be divided to develop the model for the received data; receiving a selection of one of the two or more of the existing models to be merged and the one or more of the existing models to be divided to develop the model for the received data; and marking data corresponding to each of the selected models with a corresponding original model category; wherein the method is performed by at least one computer system comprising at least one memory and at least one processor connected to the memory. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining comprises performing probabilistic statistical analysis. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the probabilistic statistical analysis determines whether a given existing model meets or exceeds a predetermined probability that the given existing model is useable as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the probabilistic statistical analysis comprises performing feature extraction, natural language processing, one or more natural language understanding processes and one or more machine learning processes. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the one or more machine learning processes comprise at least one of maximum entropy classification, conditional random fields and deep learning. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising merging the data corresponding to the two or more selected models to be merged. 7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising:
dividing the merged data into test data and training data; and training the model for the received data. 8. The method according to claim 6, further comprising replacing the two or more selected models with a combined class model based on the merged data. 9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising dividing the data corresponding to the one or more selected models to be divided into a plurality of categories. 10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising:
dividing the divided data into test data and training data; and training the model for the received data. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the recommending of the one or more of the existing models that can be divided is performed using a clustering algorithm. 12. The method according to claim 1, further comprising receiving additional data on which to base an additional model, wherein it is determined that none of the plurality of existing models can be used as the additional model or as a basis to develop the additional model for the received additional data. 13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising;
determining that the additional model for the received additional data be developed independent of the plurality of existing models; and collecting crowdsourced data for the additional model for the received additional data. 14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising:
dividing the crowdsourced data into test data and training data; and training the additional model for the received additional data. 15. The method according to claim 1, further comprising generating a dynamic set of labels tracking a provenance of events corresponding to at least one of merging, dividing and creating models over a time period. 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising using the dynamic set of labels to retrieve provenance information associated with the at least one of merged, divided and created models. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the recommending of the two or more of the existing models that can be merged or the recommending of the one or more of the existing models that can be divided comprises determining that a correlation between the received data and data associated with each of the existing models in the recommendation is at or greater than a given confidence threshold. 18. A system for model management, comprising:
one or more processing devices operatively connected via a communications network; an input/output module, implemented by the one or more processing devices, wherein the input/output module is configured to receive data on which to base a model; a model controller, implemented by the one or more processing devices and operatively connected to the input/output module, wherein the model controller is configured to:
receive the data on which to base the model from the input/output module;
evaluate the received data against a plurality of existing models and data associated with each of the plurality of existing models; and
determine whether any of the plurality of existing models can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data;
wherein the plurality of existing models and data associated with each of the plurality of existing models are stored in a database operatively connected to and accessible by the model controller; and wherein the model controller is further configured to: provide a user, via the input/output module, with the existing models that can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data; at least one of: (i) recommend two or more of the existing models that can be merged to develop the model for the received data; and (ii) recommend one or more of the existing models that can be divided to develop the model for the received data; receive a selection of one of the two or more of the existing models to be merged and the one or more of the existing models to be divided to develop the model for the received data; and mark data corresponding to each of the selected models with a corresponding original model category. 19. The system according to claim 18, wherein:
the model controller is further configured to perform probabilistic statistical analysis to determine whether any of the plurality of existing models can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data; and wherein the probabilistic statistical analysis determines whether a given existing model meets or exceeds a predetermined probability that the given existing model is useable as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data. 20. The system according to claim 18, wherein:
the model controller is configured to receive additional data on which to base an additional model from the input/output module; the model controller determines that none of the plurality of existing models can be used as the additional model or as a basis to develop the additional model for the received additional data, and that the additional model for the received additional data be developed independent of the plurality of existing models; and the system further comprises a trainer, implemented by the one or more processing devices and operatively connected to the model controller, wherein the trainer is configured to collect crowdsourced data for the additional model for the received additional data. 21. The system according to claim 18, wherein the model controller is configured to merge the data corresponding to the two or more selected models to be merged. 22. The system according to claim 21, wherein the model controller is configured to replace the two or more selected models with a combined class model based on the merged data. 23. An article of manufacture comprising a processor-readable storage medium having encoded therein executable code of one or more software programs, wherein the one or more software programs when executed by one or more processing devices implement the steps of:
receiving data on which to base a model; evaluating the received data against a plurality of existing models and data associated with each of the plurality of existing models; determining whether any of the plurality of existing models can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data; providing a user with the existing models that can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data; wherein providing the user with the existing models that can be used as the model or as a basis to develop the model for the received data comprises at least one of: (i) recommending two or more of the existing models that can be merged to develop the model for the received data; and (ii) recommending one or more of the existing models that can be divided to develop the model for the received data; receiving a selection of one of the two or more of the existing models to be merged and the one or more of the existing models to be divided to develop the model for the received data; and marking data corresponding to each of the selected models with a corresponding original model category. | 1,700 |
341,084 | 16,801,414 | 2,851 | Disclosed is an IC layout design method capable of improving the result of an IC layout design process including a front-end process and a back-end process. The IC layout design method includes the following steps: executing the front-end process according to initial clock latency setting and thereby generating an initial netlist; executing at least a part of the back-end process according to the initial netlist and thereby obtaining updated clock latency setting; executing at least a part of the front-end process according to the updated clock latency setting and thereby generating an updated netlist; and executing the back-end process according to the updated netlist and thereby obtaining the result of the IC layout design process. | 1. A method for improving an IC layout design process that includes a front-end process and a back-end process, the method comprising:
executing the front-end process according to initial clock latency setting and thereby generating an initial netlist; executing a part or all of the back-end process according to the initial netlist and thereby obtaining updated clock latency setting; executing a part or all of the front-end process according to the updated clock latency setting and thereby generating an updated netlist; and executing the back-end process according to the updated netlist and thereby obtaining a result of the IC layout design process. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the front-end process includes a synthesis process and the back-end process includes an automatic placement and routing (APR) process. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the part of the front-end process includes an optimization step of the synthesis process. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method executes the part of the front-end process according to the updated clock latency setting and thereby generates the updated netlist. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the APR process includes a post-clock-tree-synthesis (post-CTS) optimization step and a post-route optimization step, and the part or all of the back-end process includes the post-CTS optimization step. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the updated clock latency setting is determined after execution of the post-CTS optimization step. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the method executes the part of the back-end process according to the initial netlist and thereby obtains the updated clock latency setting. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the part of the back-end process does not include the post-route optimization step and one or more subsequent step(s) thereof. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein the all of the back-end process includes the post-route optimization step. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the updated clock latency stetting is determined after execution of the post-route optimization step. 11. The method of claim 2, wherein the APR process includes a post-clock-tree-synthesis (post-CTS) optimization step and a post-route optimization step, and the part or all of the back-end process includes the post-CTS optimization step. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the updated clock latency setting is determined after execution of the post-CTS optimization step. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the method executes the part of the back-end process according to the initial netlist and thereby obtains the updated clock latency setting. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the part of the back-end process does not include the post-route optimization step. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the part of the back-end process includes the post-route optimization step. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the updated clock latency setting is determined after execution of the post-route optimization step. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein a clock latency between a clock root and a clock pin of a sequential cell is equal to a first value according to the initial clock latency setting; the clock latency between the clock root and the clock pin of the sequential cell is equal to a second value according to the updated clock latency setting; and the second value is different from the first value. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first value is zero and the second value is greater than zero. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the sequential cell is one of a flip-flop, an integrated clock gating (ICG) component, a Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) circuit, and a logical circuit capable of retaining data. | Disclosed is an IC layout design method capable of improving the result of an IC layout design process including a front-end process and a back-end process. The IC layout design method includes the following steps: executing the front-end process according to initial clock latency setting and thereby generating an initial netlist; executing at least a part of the back-end process according to the initial netlist and thereby obtaining updated clock latency setting; executing at least a part of the front-end process according to the updated clock latency setting and thereby generating an updated netlist; and executing the back-end process according to the updated netlist and thereby obtaining the result of the IC layout design process.1. A method for improving an IC layout design process that includes a front-end process and a back-end process, the method comprising:
executing the front-end process according to initial clock latency setting and thereby generating an initial netlist; executing a part or all of the back-end process according to the initial netlist and thereby obtaining updated clock latency setting; executing a part or all of the front-end process according to the updated clock latency setting and thereby generating an updated netlist; and executing the back-end process according to the updated netlist and thereby obtaining a result of the IC layout design process. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the front-end process includes a synthesis process and the back-end process includes an automatic placement and routing (APR) process. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the part of the front-end process includes an optimization step of the synthesis process. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method executes the part of the front-end process according to the updated clock latency setting and thereby generates the updated netlist. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the APR process includes a post-clock-tree-synthesis (post-CTS) optimization step and a post-route optimization step, and the part or all of the back-end process includes the post-CTS optimization step. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the updated clock latency setting is determined after execution of the post-CTS optimization step. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the method executes the part of the back-end process according to the initial netlist and thereby obtains the updated clock latency setting. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the part of the back-end process does not include the post-route optimization step and one or more subsequent step(s) thereof. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein the all of the back-end process includes the post-route optimization step. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the updated clock latency stetting is determined after execution of the post-route optimization step. 11. The method of claim 2, wherein the APR process includes a post-clock-tree-synthesis (post-CTS) optimization step and a post-route optimization step, and the part or all of the back-end process includes the post-CTS optimization step. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the updated clock latency setting is determined after execution of the post-CTS optimization step. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the method executes the part of the back-end process according to the initial netlist and thereby obtains the updated clock latency setting. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the part of the back-end process does not include the post-route optimization step. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the part of the back-end process includes the post-route optimization step. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the updated clock latency setting is determined after execution of the post-route optimization step. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein a clock latency between a clock root and a clock pin of a sequential cell is equal to a first value according to the initial clock latency setting; the clock latency between the clock root and the clock pin of the sequential cell is equal to a second value according to the updated clock latency setting; and the second value is different from the first value. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first value is zero and the second value is greater than zero. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the sequential cell is one of a flip-flop, an integrated clock gating (ICG) component, a Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) circuit, and a logical circuit capable of retaining data. | 2,800 |
341,085 | 16,801,415 | 2,159 | The present invention relates to a technology literature searching application apparatus and a patent search method using the same. The technology literature searching application apparatus using a treatise link search according to an embodiment of the present invention may comprise: an interface unit for receiving the search information from a client terminal, a first subject treatise search unit for searching a first subject treatise data from the search information, a citation relationship treatise search unit for obtaining a target treatise data having a forward or backward citation relationship with a predetermined first subject treatise data, or target treatise information about the target treatise data, from the citation relationship information of the searched first subject treatise data, and a target patent search unit for searching a target patent literature related to the target treatise data or the target treatise information. | 1. A technology literature searching application apparatus using a treatise link search comprises,
an interface unit for receiving the search information from a client terminal; a first subject treatise search unit for searching a first subject treatise data from the search information; a citation relationship treatise search unit for obtaining a target treatise data having a forward or backward citation relationship with a predetermined first subject treatise data, or target treatise information about the target treatise data, from the citation relationship information of the searched first subject treatise data; and a target patent search unit for searching a target patent literature related to the target treatise data or the target treatise information. 2. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the predetermined first subject treatise is all of the first subject treatises or is determined by a predetermined criteria or a user's selection. 3. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the citation relationship treatise search unit assigns a weight value to the target patent literature according to the number of times of forward citation of the first subject treatise or the target treatise data. 4. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the citation relationship treatise search unit assigns a weight value to the target patent literature according to a citation position where the target treatise data cites or is cited by the first subject treatise data. 5. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 4, wherein the citation position may be one or more of an abstract, an introduction, a discussion, an experimental example, or a measurement. 6. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein when a treatise data directly backward/forward citing the predetermined first subject treatise is defined as a first generation backward/forward citation treatise data, and a treatise data indirectly backward/forward citing the predetermined first subject treatise by backward/forward citing the first generation backward/forward citation treatise is defined as a second-generation backward/forward citation treatise data, a treatise data indirectly backward/forward citing the predetermined first subject treatise by backward/forward citing n-1th generation backward/forward citation treatise as n-1th generation backward/forward citation treatise data, and a treatise data indirectly backward/forward citing the predetermined first subject treatise by backward/forward citing nth generation backward/forward citation treatise as nth generation backward/forward citation treatise data,
the citation relationship treatise search unit includes further a citation generation setting unit to designate a predetermined n value for limiting search result of a target treatise data and the target treatise is set to be the nth generation backward/forward citation treatise data. 7. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the target treatise information includes at least one or more of title, author, a first author of the treatise, affiliated institution of the author or the first author, a link to a treatise site, abstract, keywords, body, information of sponsoring organizations, ORCID (open researcher and contributor ID), society, a name of journal, publication date, digital object identifier (DOI), international standard serial registration number ISSN), CAS registration number, automatic recommendation keyword added by the citation relationship treatise search unit, a synonym of the automatic recommendation keyword, keyword from deep-learning or artificial intelligence(AI), or a frequently used word of the treatise data. 8. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the target patent search unit searches a target patent literature including at least one or more of the target treatise information in a target field initially set or selected by a user. 9. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the target patent search unit searches a target patent literature related to all of the target treatise data, or a target patent literature related to predetermined target treatise data determined by a predetermined criteria or a user's selection among the target treatise data. 10. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the target patent search unit includes a first limit search unit configured to search limitedly the target patent literature filed within a grace period of a publication exception assertion of the target treatise data; or a second limit search unit configured to search limitedly the target patent literature filed within a previous period limit or a subsequent period limit from a filing date or publication date of the target treatise data. 11. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, further comprising a patent technology analysis unit for generating technology analysis information including at least one or more of change state of an applicant of the target patent literature, a joint application, ownership transfer, an information about whether a license is established or not, succession identification information of an application right, co-applicant's identification information, assignee identification information, licensee identification information, remaining term information, an application date, the number of family applications, a country information, and a lawsuit. 12. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 12, further comprising a user communication unit configured to output identification information of a searched treatise data or a patent literature, an original text file or the treatise data, information of patent literatures, or a combination thereof, and wherein the searched treatise data, and the patent literature include the first subject treatise data, the target treatise data or the target patent literature. 13. The technology literature searching application apparatus using a treatise link search comprising,
an interface unit for receiving search information from a client terminal; a subject patent search unit for obtaining subject patent literature and subject patent literature information related to the subject patent literature from the search information; a second subject treatise search unit for searching second subject treatises related to the subject patent from the subject patent literature information; a citation relationship treatise search unit for obtaining target treatise data having a forward or backward citation relationship with a predetermined second subject treatise, or target treatise information about the target treatise data, from the citation relationship information of the searched second subject treatise; and a target patent search unit for searching the target patent literature related to the target treatise data or the target treatise information. 14. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 13, wherein the subject patent literature comprises a patent literature obtained from the search information or a patent literature having forward or backward citation relationship with the subject patent literature. 15. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 13, wherein the search information is assigned to a title of a invention, summary, an applicant, a detailed description, an inventor, an IPC code, an application date, a publication date, a registration date, an application number, a publication number, a registration number, an agent or a combination thereof. 16. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 13, wherein the second subject treatise search unit searches for a second subject treatise having the same author as the inventor or the applicant of the target patent literature information. 17. A patent search method using a treatise link search comprises,
a step for receiving search information from a client terminal; a step for searching subject treatise data from the search information; a step for obtaining a target treatise data having a forward or backward citation relationship with a predetermined subject treatise data among the subject treatise data, or target treatise information about the target treatise data; and a step for searching a target patent literature related to the target treatise data or the target treatise information. 18. The patent search method using a treatise link search of the claim 17, wherein the step for searching the subject treatise data from the search information comprises,
a step for obtaining a subject patent literature or a subject patent literature information about the subject patent literature from the search information; and a step for obtaining the subject treatise data related to the subject patent literature from the subject patent literature or the subject patent literature information. 19. The patent search method using a treatise link search of the claim 17, wherein the target treatise data or the target patent literature is displayed to a user in time series or time progress. 20. The patent search method using a treatise link search of the claim 17, wherein the target patent literature is assigned with a weight value according to a citation position where the target treatise data or the target patent literatures cites or is cited by the subject treatise data. | The present invention relates to a technology literature searching application apparatus and a patent search method using the same. The technology literature searching application apparatus using a treatise link search according to an embodiment of the present invention may comprise: an interface unit for receiving the search information from a client terminal, a first subject treatise search unit for searching a first subject treatise data from the search information, a citation relationship treatise search unit for obtaining a target treatise data having a forward or backward citation relationship with a predetermined first subject treatise data, or target treatise information about the target treatise data, from the citation relationship information of the searched first subject treatise data, and a target patent search unit for searching a target patent literature related to the target treatise data or the target treatise information.1. A technology literature searching application apparatus using a treatise link search comprises,
an interface unit for receiving the search information from a client terminal; a first subject treatise search unit for searching a first subject treatise data from the search information; a citation relationship treatise search unit for obtaining a target treatise data having a forward or backward citation relationship with a predetermined first subject treatise data, or target treatise information about the target treatise data, from the citation relationship information of the searched first subject treatise data; and a target patent search unit for searching a target patent literature related to the target treatise data or the target treatise information. 2. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the predetermined first subject treatise is all of the first subject treatises or is determined by a predetermined criteria or a user's selection. 3. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the citation relationship treatise search unit assigns a weight value to the target patent literature according to the number of times of forward citation of the first subject treatise or the target treatise data. 4. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the citation relationship treatise search unit assigns a weight value to the target patent literature according to a citation position where the target treatise data cites or is cited by the first subject treatise data. 5. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 4, wherein the citation position may be one or more of an abstract, an introduction, a discussion, an experimental example, or a measurement. 6. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein when a treatise data directly backward/forward citing the predetermined first subject treatise is defined as a first generation backward/forward citation treatise data, and a treatise data indirectly backward/forward citing the predetermined first subject treatise by backward/forward citing the first generation backward/forward citation treatise is defined as a second-generation backward/forward citation treatise data, a treatise data indirectly backward/forward citing the predetermined first subject treatise by backward/forward citing n-1th generation backward/forward citation treatise as n-1th generation backward/forward citation treatise data, and a treatise data indirectly backward/forward citing the predetermined first subject treatise by backward/forward citing nth generation backward/forward citation treatise as nth generation backward/forward citation treatise data,
the citation relationship treatise search unit includes further a citation generation setting unit to designate a predetermined n value for limiting search result of a target treatise data and the target treatise is set to be the nth generation backward/forward citation treatise data. 7. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the target treatise information includes at least one or more of title, author, a first author of the treatise, affiliated institution of the author or the first author, a link to a treatise site, abstract, keywords, body, information of sponsoring organizations, ORCID (open researcher and contributor ID), society, a name of journal, publication date, digital object identifier (DOI), international standard serial registration number ISSN), CAS registration number, automatic recommendation keyword added by the citation relationship treatise search unit, a synonym of the automatic recommendation keyword, keyword from deep-learning or artificial intelligence(AI), or a frequently used word of the treatise data. 8. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the target patent search unit searches a target patent literature including at least one or more of the target treatise information in a target field initially set or selected by a user. 9. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the target patent search unit searches a target patent literature related to all of the target treatise data, or a target patent literature related to predetermined target treatise data determined by a predetermined criteria or a user's selection among the target treatise data. 10. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the target patent search unit includes a first limit search unit configured to search limitedly the target patent literature filed within a grace period of a publication exception assertion of the target treatise data; or a second limit search unit configured to search limitedly the target patent literature filed within a previous period limit or a subsequent period limit from a filing date or publication date of the target treatise data. 11. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, further comprising a patent technology analysis unit for generating technology analysis information including at least one or more of change state of an applicant of the target patent literature, a joint application, ownership transfer, an information about whether a license is established or not, succession identification information of an application right, co-applicant's identification information, assignee identification information, licensee identification information, remaining term information, an application date, the number of family applications, a country information, and a lawsuit. 12. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 12, further comprising a user communication unit configured to output identification information of a searched treatise data or a patent literature, an original text file or the treatise data, information of patent literatures, or a combination thereof, and wherein the searched treatise data, and the patent literature include the first subject treatise data, the target treatise data or the target patent literature. 13. The technology literature searching application apparatus using a treatise link search comprising,
an interface unit for receiving search information from a client terminal; a subject patent search unit for obtaining subject patent literature and subject patent literature information related to the subject patent literature from the search information; a second subject treatise search unit for searching second subject treatises related to the subject patent from the subject patent literature information; a citation relationship treatise search unit for obtaining target treatise data having a forward or backward citation relationship with a predetermined second subject treatise, or target treatise information about the target treatise data, from the citation relationship information of the searched second subject treatise; and a target patent search unit for searching the target patent literature related to the target treatise data or the target treatise information. 14. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 13, wherein the subject patent literature comprises a patent literature obtained from the search information or a patent literature having forward or backward citation relationship with the subject patent literature. 15. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 13, wherein the search information is assigned to a title of a invention, summary, an applicant, a detailed description, an inventor, an IPC code, an application date, a publication date, a registration date, an application number, a publication number, a registration number, an agent or a combination thereof. 16. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 13, wherein the second subject treatise search unit searches for a second subject treatise having the same author as the inventor or the applicant of the target patent literature information. 17. A patent search method using a treatise link search comprises,
a step for receiving search information from a client terminal; a step for searching subject treatise data from the search information; a step for obtaining a target treatise data having a forward or backward citation relationship with a predetermined subject treatise data among the subject treatise data, or target treatise information about the target treatise data; and a step for searching a target patent literature related to the target treatise data or the target treatise information. 18. The patent search method using a treatise link search of the claim 17, wherein the step for searching the subject treatise data from the search information comprises,
a step for obtaining a subject patent literature or a subject patent literature information about the subject patent literature from the search information; and a step for obtaining the subject treatise data related to the subject patent literature from the subject patent literature or the subject patent literature information. 19. The patent search method using a treatise link search of the claim 17, wherein the target treatise data or the target patent literature is displayed to a user in time series or time progress. 20. The patent search method using a treatise link search of the claim 17, wherein the target patent literature is assigned with a weight value according to a citation position where the target treatise data or the target patent literatures cites or is cited by the subject treatise data. | 2,100 |
341,086 | 16,801,406 | 2,159 | The present invention relates to a technology literature searching application apparatus and a patent search method using the same. The technology literature searching application apparatus using a treatise link search according to an embodiment of the present invention may comprise: an interface unit for receiving the search information from a client terminal, a first subject treatise search unit for searching a first subject treatise data from the search information, a citation relationship treatise search unit for obtaining a target treatise data having a forward or backward citation relationship with a predetermined first subject treatise data, or target treatise information about the target treatise data, from the citation relationship information of the searched first subject treatise data, and a target patent search unit for searching a target patent literature related to the target treatise data or the target treatise information. | 1. A technology literature searching application apparatus using a treatise link search comprises,
an interface unit for receiving the search information from a client terminal; a first subject treatise search unit for searching a first subject treatise data from the search information; a citation relationship treatise search unit for obtaining a target treatise data having a forward or backward citation relationship with a predetermined first subject treatise data, or target treatise information about the target treatise data, from the citation relationship information of the searched first subject treatise data; and a target patent search unit for searching a target patent literature related to the target treatise data or the target treatise information. 2. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the predetermined first subject treatise is all of the first subject treatises or is determined by a predetermined criteria or a user's selection. 3. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the citation relationship treatise search unit assigns a weight value to the target patent literature according to the number of times of forward citation of the first subject treatise or the target treatise data. 4. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the citation relationship treatise search unit assigns a weight value to the target patent literature according to a citation position where the target treatise data cites or is cited by the first subject treatise data. 5. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 4, wherein the citation position may be one or more of an abstract, an introduction, a discussion, an experimental example, or a measurement. 6. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein when a treatise data directly backward/forward citing the predetermined first subject treatise is defined as a first generation backward/forward citation treatise data, and a treatise data indirectly backward/forward citing the predetermined first subject treatise by backward/forward citing the first generation backward/forward citation treatise is defined as a second-generation backward/forward citation treatise data, a treatise data indirectly backward/forward citing the predetermined first subject treatise by backward/forward citing n-1th generation backward/forward citation treatise as n-1th generation backward/forward citation treatise data, and a treatise data indirectly backward/forward citing the predetermined first subject treatise by backward/forward citing nth generation backward/forward citation treatise as nth generation backward/forward citation treatise data,
the citation relationship treatise search unit includes further a citation generation setting unit to designate a predetermined n value for limiting search result of a target treatise data and the target treatise is set to be the nth generation backward/forward citation treatise data. 7. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the target treatise information includes at least one or more of title, author, a first author of the treatise, affiliated institution of the author or the first author, a link to a treatise site, abstract, keywords, body, information of sponsoring organizations, ORCID (open researcher and contributor ID), society, a name of journal, publication date, digital object identifier (DOI), international standard serial registration number ISSN), CAS registration number, automatic recommendation keyword added by the citation relationship treatise search unit, a synonym of the automatic recommendation keyword, keyword from deep-learning or artificial intelligence(AI), or a frequently used word of the treatise data. 8. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the target patent search unit searches a target patent literature including at least one or more of the target treatise information in a target field initially set or selected by a user. 9. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the target patent search unit searches a target patent literature related to all of the target treatise data, or a target patent literature related to predetermined target treatise data determined by a predetermined criteria or a user's selection among the target treatise data. 10. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the target patent search unit includes a first limit search unit configured to search limitedly the target patent literature filed within a grace period of a publication exception assertion of the target treatise data; or a second limit search unit configured to search limitedly the target patent literature filed within a previous period limit or a subsequent period limit from a filing date or publication date of the target treatise data. 11. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, further comprising a patent technology analysis unit for generating technology analysis information including at least one or more of change state of an applicant of the target patent literature, a joint application, ownership transfer, an information about whether a license is established or not, succession identification information of an application right, co-applicant's identification information, assignee identification information, licensee identification information, remaining term information, an application date, the number of family applications, a country information, and a lawsuit. 12. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 12, further comprising a user communication unit configured to output identification information of a searched treatise data or a patent literature, an original text file or the treatise data, information of patent literatures, or a combination thereof, and wherein the searched treatise data, and the patent literature include the first subject treatise data, the target treatise data or the target patent literature. 13. The technology literature searching application apparatus using a treatise link search comprising,
an interface unit for receiving search information from a client terminal; a subject patent search unit for obtaining subject patent literature and subject patent literature information related to the subject patent literature from the search information; a second subject treatise search unit for searching second subject treatises related to the subject patent from the subject patent literature information; a citation relationship treatise search unit for obtaining target treatise data having a forward or backward citation relationship with a predetermined second subject treatise, or target treatise information about the target treatise data, from the citation relationship information of the searched second subject treatise; and a target patent search unit for searching the target patent literature related to the target treatise data or the target treatise information. 14. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 13, wherein the subject patent literature comprises a patent literature obtained from the search information or a patent literature having forward or backward citation relationship with the subject patent literature. 15. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 13, wherein the search information is assigned to a title of a invention, summary, an applicant, a detailed description, an inventor, an IPC code, an application date, a publication date, a registration date, an application number, a publication number, a registration number, an agent or a combination thereof. 16. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 13, wherein the second subject treatise search unit searches for a second subject treatise having the same author as the inventor or the applicant of the target patent literature information. 17. A patent search method using a treatise link search comprises,
a step for receiving search information from a client terminal; a step for searching subject treatise data from the search information; a step for obtaining a target treatise data having a forward or backward citation relationship with a predetermined subject treatise data among the subject treatise data, or target treatise information about the target treatise data; and a step for searching a target patent literature related to the target treatise data or the target treatise information. 18. The patent search method using a treatise link search of the claim 17, wherein the step for searching the subject treatise data from the search information comprises,
a step for obtaining a subject patent literature or a subject patent literature information about the subject patent literature from the search information; and a step for obtaining the subject treatise data related to the subject patent literature from the subject patent literature or the subject patent literature information. 19. The patent search method using a treatise link search of the claim 17, wherein the target treatise data or the target patent literature is displayed to a user in time series or time progress. 20. The patent search method using a treatise link search of the claim 17, wherein the target patent literature is assigned with a weight value according to a citation position where the target treatise data or the target patent literatures cites or is cited by the subject treatise data. | The present invention relates to a technology literature searching application apparatus and a patent search method using the same. The technology literature searching application apparatus using a treatise link search according to an embodiment of the present invention may comprise: an interface unit for receiving the search information from a client terminal, a first subject treatise search unit for searching a first subject treatise data from the search information, a citation relationship treatise search unit for obtaining a target treatise data having a forward or backward citation relationship with a predetermined first subject treatise data, or target treatise information about the target treatise data, from the citation relationship information of the searched first subject treatise data, and a target patent search unit for searching a target patent literature related to the target treatise data or the target treatise information.1. A technology literature searching application apparatus using a treatise link search comprises,
an interface unit for receiving the search information from a client terminal; a first subject treatise search unit for searching a first subject treatise data from the search information; a citation relationship treatise search unit for obtaining a target treatise data having a forward or backward citation relationship with a predetermined first subject treatise data, or target treatise information about the target treatise data, from the citation relationship information of the searched first subject treatise data; and a target patent search unit for searching a target patent literature related to the target treatise data or the target treatise information. 2. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the predetermined first subject treatise is all of the first subject treatises or is determined by a predetermined criteria or a user's selection. 3. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the citation relationship treatise search unit assigns a weight value to the target patent literature according to the number of times of forward citation of the first subject treatise or the target treatise data. 4. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the citation relationship treatise search unit assigns a weight value to the target patent literature according to a citation position where the target treatise data cites or is cited by the first subject treatise data. 5. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 4, wherein the citation position may be one or more of an abstract, an introduction, a discussion, an experimental example, or a measurement. 6. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein when a treatise data directly backward/forward citing the predetermined first subject treatise is defined as a first generation backward/forward citation treatise data, and a treatise data indirectly backward/forward citing the predetermined first subject treatise by backward/forward citing the first generation backward/forward citation treatise is defined as a second-generation backward/forward citation treatise data, a treatise data indirectly backward/forward citing the predetermined first subject treatise by backward/forward citing n-1th generation backward/forward citation treatise as n-1th generation backward/forward citation treatise data, and a treatise data indirectly backward/forward citing the predetermined first subject treatise by backward/forward citing nth generation backward/forward citation treatise as nth generation backward/forward citation treatise data,
the citation relationship treatise search unit includes further a citation generation setting unit to designate a predetermined n value for limiting search result of a target treatise data and the target treatise is set to be the nth generation backward/forward citation treatise data. 7. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the target treatise information includes at least one or more of title, author, a first author of the treatise, affiliated institution of the author or the first author, a link to a treatise site, abstract, keywords, body, information of sponsoring organizations, ORCID (open researcher and contributor ID), society, a name of journal, publication date, digital object identifier (DOI), international standard serial registration number ISSN), CAS registration number, automatic recommendation keyword added by the citation relationship treatise search unit, a synonym of the automatic recommendation keyword, keyword from deep-learning or artificial intelligence(AI), or a frequently used word of the treatise data. 8. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the target patent search unit searches a target patent literature including at least one or more of the target treatise information in a target field initially set or selected by a user. 9. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the target patent search unit searches a target patent literature related to all of the target treatise data, or a target patent literature related to predetermined target treatise data determined by a predetermined criteria or a user's selection among the target treatise data. 10. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, wherein the target patent search unit includes a first limit search unit configured to search limitedly the target patent literature filed within a grace period of a publication exception assertion of the target treatise data; or a second limit search unit configured to search limitedly the target patent literature filed within a previous period limit or a subsequent period limit from a filing date or publication date of the target treatise data. 11. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 1, further comprising a patent technology analysis unit for generating technology analysis information including at least one or more of change state of an applicant of the target patent literature, a joint application, ownership transfer, an information about whether a license is established or not, succession identification information of an application right, co-applicant's identification information, assignee identification information, licensee identification information, remaining term information, an application date, the number of family applications, a country information, and a lawsuit. 12. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 12, further comprising a user communication unit configured to output identification information of a searched treatise data or a patent literature, an original text file or the treatise data, information of patent literatures, or a combination thereof, and wherein the searched treatise data, and the patent literature include the first subject treatise data, the target treatise data or the target patent literature. 13. The technology literature searching application apparatus using a treatise link search comprising,
an interface unit for receiving search information from a client terminal; a subject patent search unit for obtaining subject patent literature and subject patent literature information related to the subject patent literature from the search information; a second subject treatise search unit for searching second subject treatises related to the subject patent from the subject patent literature information; a citation relationship treatise search unit for obtaining target treatise data having a forward or backward citation relationship with a predetermined second subject treatise, or target treatise information about the target treatise data, from the citation relationship information of the searched second subject treatise; and a target patent search unit for searching the target patent literature related to the target treatise data or the target treatise information. 14. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 13, wherein the subject patent literature comprises a patent literature obtained from the search information or a patent literature having forward or backward citation relationship with the subject patent literature. 15. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 13, wherein the search information is assigned to a title of a invention, summary, an applicant, a detailed description, an inventor, an IPC code, an application date, a publication date, a registration date, an application number, a publication number, a registration number, an agent or a combination thereof. 16. The technology literature searching application apparatus of the claim 13, wherein the second subject treatise search unit searches for a second subject treatise having the same author as the inventor or the applicant of the target patent literature information. 17. A patent search method using a treatise link search comprises,
a step for receiving search information from a client terminal; a step for searching subject treatise data from the search information; a step for obtaining a target treatise data having a forward or backward citation relationship with a predetermined subject treatise data among the subject treatise data, or target treatise information about the target treatise data; and a step for searching a target patent literature related to the target treatise data or the target treatise information. 18. The patent search method using a treatise link search of the claim 17, wherein the step for searching the subject treatise data from the search information comprises,
a step for obtaining a subject patent literature or a subject patent literature information about the subject patent literature from the search information; and a step for obtaining the subject treatise data related to the subject patent literature from the subject patent literature or the subject patent literature information. 19. The patent search method using a treatise link search of the claim 17, wherein the target treatise data or the target patent literature is displayed to a user in time series or time progress. 20. The patent search method using a treatise link search of the claim 17, wherein the target patent literature is assigned with a weight value according to a citation position where the target treatise data or the target patent literatures cites or is cited by the subject treatise data. | 2,100 |
341,087 | 16,801,358 | 2,159 | In various embodiments, a rigid lens is attached to a light-emitting semiconductor die via a layer of encapsulant having a thickness insufficient to prevent propagation of thermal expansion mismatch-induced strain between the rigid lens and the semiconductor die. | 1.-20. (canceled) 21. An illumination device comprising:
a ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting semiconductor die; a rigid lens for extracting light from the light-emitting semiconductor die, the rigid lens having a mounting surface and a transmission surface opposite the mounting surface; and a layer of encapsulant disposed between the light-emitting semiconductor die and the mounting surface of the rigid lens, whereby the light-emitting semiconductor die is attached to the rigid lens by the layer of encapsulant, wherein (i) a thickness of the encapsulant is less than approximately 10 μm, and (ii) at least a portion of the rigid lens between the mounting surface and the transmission surface has a straight vertical sidewall. 22. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein a thickness of the at least a portion of the rigid lens is at least 0.5 mm. 23. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein a thickness of the at least a portion of the rigid lens is at least 1.0 mm. 24. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein a thickness of the at least a portion of the rigid lens is at least 1.9 mm. 25. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein the light-emitting semiconductor die comprises a layered region not disposed on a semiconductor substrate, the layered region comprising one or more quantum wells for emission of UV light. 26. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein the light-emitting semiconductor die comprises a layered region disposed on an AlN substrate, the layered region comprising one or more quantum wells for emission of UV light, wherein a thickness of the AlN substrate is less than 50 μm. 27. The illumination device of claim 26, wherein a surface of the AlN substrate opposite the layered region is at least one of roughened, textured, or patterned. 28. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein a length of the mounting surface is at least 2 mm. 29. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein a length of the mounting surface is at least 10 mm. 30. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein a length of the mounting surface is at least 14 mm. 31. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein the rigid lens is inorganic. 32. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein the rigid lens comprises at least one of fused silica, quartz, or sapphire. 33. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein the thickness of the layer encapsulant is less than 5 μm. 34. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein the encapsulant is organic. 35. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein the encapsulant comprises silicone. 36. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein indices of refraction of the rigid lens and the layer of encapsulant are approximately equal to each other. 37. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein the light-emitting semiconductor die is a light-emitting diode die. 38. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein the transmission surface of the rigid lens is curved or hemispherical. 39. A method of forming an illumination device, the method comprising:
providing a layer of non-rigid encapsulant between a surface of an ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting semiconductor die and a mounting surface of a rigid lens opposing the surface of the light-emitting semiconductor die, wherein the rigid lens has a transmission surface opposite the mounting surface; and with the encapsulant, attaching the rigid lens to the light-emitting semiconductor die via application of a force sufficient to minimize a thickness of the encapsulant between the rigid lens and the light-emitting semiconductor die, wherein (i) after attachment of the rigid lens, a thickness of the encapsulant is less than approximately 10 μm, and (ii) at least a portion of the rigid lens between the mounting surface and the transmission surface has a straight vertical sidewall. 40. A method of forming an illumination device, the method comprising:
providing a light-emitting array comprising a plurality of ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting semiconductor dies; providing a layer of non-rigid encapsulant between a surface of each light-emitting semiconductor die and a mounting surface of a rigid lens, wherein the rigid lens has a transmission surface opposite the mounting surface; and with the encapsulant, attaching the light-emitting array to the rigid lens via application of a force sufficient to minimize a thickness of the encapsulant between the rigid lens and each light-emitting semiconductor die, wherein (i) after attachment of the light-emitting array to the rigid lens, a thickness of the encapsulant between each light-emitting semiconductor die and the rigid lens is less than approximately 10 μm, and (ii) at least a portion of the rigid lens between the mounting surface and the transmission surface has a straight vertical sidewall. | In various embodiments, a rigid lens is attached to a light-emitting semiconductor die via a layer of encapsulant having a thickness insufficient to prevent propagation of thermal expansion mismatch-induced strain between the rigid lens and the semiconductor die.1.-20. (canceled) 21. An illumination device comprising:
a ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting semiconductor die; a rigid lens for extracting light from the light-emitting semiconductor die, the rigid lens having a mounting surface and a transmission surface opposite the mounting surface; and a layer of encapsulant disposed between the light-emitting semiconductor die and the mounting surface of the rigid lens, whereby the light-emitting semiconductor die is attached to the rigid lens by the layer of encapsulant, wherein (i) a thickness of the encapsulant is less than approximately 10 μm, and (ii) at least a portion of the rigid lens between the mounting surface and the transmission surface has a straight vertical sidewall. 22. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein a thickness of the at least a portion of the rigid lens is at least 0.5 mm. 23. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein a thickness of the at least a portion of the rigid lens is at least 1.0 mm. 24. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein a thickness of the at least a portion of the rigid lens is at least 1.9 mm. 25. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein the light-emitting semiconductor die comprises a layered region not disposed on a semiconductor substrate, the layered region comprising one or more quantum wells for emission of UV light. 26. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein the light-emitting semiconductor die comprises a layered region disposed on an AlN substrate, the layered region comprising one or more quantum wells for emission of UV light, wherein a thickness of the AlN substrate is less than 50 μm. 27. The illumination device of claim 26, wherein a surface of the AlN substrate opposite the layered region is at least one of roughened, textured, or patterned. 28. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein a length of the mounting surface is at least 2 mm. 29. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein a length of the mounting surface is at least 10 mm. 30. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein a length of the mounting surface is at least 14 mm. 31. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein the rigid lens is inorganic. 32. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein the rigid lens comprises at least one of fused silica, quartz, or sapphire. 33. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein the thickness of the layer encapsulant is less than 5 μm. 34. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein the encapsulant is organic. 35. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein the encapsulant comprises silicone. 36. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein indices of refraction of the rigid lens and the layer of encapsulant are approximately equal to each other. 37. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein the light-emitting semiconductor die is a light-emitting diode die. 38. The illumination device of claim 21, wherein the transmission surface of the rigid lens is curved or hemispherical. 39. A method of forming an illumination device, the method comprising:
providing a layer of non-rigid encapsulant between a surface of an ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting semiconductor die and a mounting surface of a rigid lens opposing the surface of the light-emitting semiconductor die, wherein the rigid lens has a transmission surface opposite the mounting surface; and with the encapsulant, attaching the rigid lens to the light-emitting semiconductor die via application of a force sufficient to minimize a thickness of the encapsulant between the rigid lens and the light-emitting semiconductor die, wherein (i) after attachment of the rigid lens, a thickness of the encapsulant is less than approximately 10 μm, and (ii) at least a portion of the rigid lens between the mounting surface and the transmission surface has a straight vertical sidewall. 40. A method of forming an illumination device, the method comprising:
providing a light-emitting array comprising a plurality of ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting semiconductor dies; providing a layer of non-rigid encapsulant between a surface of each light-emitting semiconductor die and a mounting surface of a rigid lens, wherein the rigid lens has a transmission surface opposite the mounting surface; and with the encapsulant, attaching the light-emitting array to the rigid lens via application of a force sufficient to minimize a thickness of the encapsulant between the rigid lens and each light-emitting semiconductor die, wherein (i) after attachment of the light-emitting array to the rigid lens, a thickness of the encapsulant between each light-emitting semiconductor die and the rigid lens is less than approximately 10 μm, and (ii) at least a portion of the rigid lens between the mounting surface and the transmission surface has a straight vertical sidewall. | 2,100 |
341,088 | 16,801,402 | 2,159 | A light guide guides light emitted by a light source to a portion around an illumination target. The light guide includes a light incident portion that the light emitted by the light source enters; a light emitting portion that is provided around the illumination target and emits the light that has entered; and a light distributing portion that distributes the light that has entered from the light source directly toward the light emitting portion and has at least a curved surface shape. The light incident portion is arranged at a position facing a light emitting surface of the light source and has a width so as to cover at least the light emitting surface of the light source. | 1. A light guide that guides light emitted by a light source to a portion around an illumination target, the light guide comprising:
a light incident portion that the light emitted by the light source enters; a light emitting portion that is provided around the illumination target and emits the light that has entered; and a light distributing portion that distributes the light that has entered from the light source directly toward the light emitting portion and has at least a curved surface shape, wherein the light incident portion is arranged at a position facing a light emitting surface of the light source and has a width so as to cover at least the light emitting surface of the light source. 2. The light guide according to claim 1, further comprising:
a reflecting portion that reflects light in a direction toward the light emitting portion; and a cylindrical light guiding portion that guides the light that has entered the light incident portion toward the reflecting portion, wherein the reflecting portion is formed along an axis of the light guiding portion and has a spiral shape. 3. The light guide according to claim 2, further comprising:
a cutout portion that is provided in the reflection portion and reflects the light emitted by the light source along the axis toward the light emitting portion. 4. The light guide according to claim 1, wherein the light incident portion has a curved surface shape. 5. The light guide according to claim 1, wherein
the light source emits white light, and the light guide is made of a transparent material that is colored in a desired color. 6. The light guide according to claim 1, wherein the light distributing portion has a slit portion. 7. A light emitting device, comprising:
the light guide according to claim 1; the light source; and the illumination target. | A light guide guides light emitted by a light source to a portion around an illumination target. The light guide includes a light incident portion that the light emitted by the light source enters; a light emitting portion that is provided around the illumination target and emits the light that has entered; and a light distributing portion that distributes the light that has entered from the light source directly toward the light emitting portion and has at least a curved surface shape. The light incident portion is arranged at a position facing a light emitting surface of the light source and has a width so as to cover at least the light emitting surface of the light source.1. A light guide that guides light emitted by a light source to a portion around an illumination target, the light guide comprising:
a light incident portion that the light emitted by the light source enters; a light emitting portion that is provided around the illumination target and emits the light that has entered; and a light distributing portion that distributes the light that has entered from the light source directly toward the light emitting portion and has at least a curved surface shape, wherein the light incident portion is arranged at a position facing a light emitting surface of the light source and has a width so as to cover at least the light emitting surface of the light source. 2. The light guide according to claim 1, further comprising:
a reflecting portion that reflects light in a direction toward the light emitting portion; and a cylindrical light guiding portion that guides the light that has entered the light incident portion toward the reflecting portion, wherein the reflecting portion is formed along an axis of the light guiding portion and has a spiral shape. 3. The light guide according to claim 2, further comprising:
a cutout portion that is provided in the reflection portion and reflects the light emitted by the light source along the axis toward the light emitting portion. 4. The light guide according to claim 1, wherein the light incident portion has a curved surface shape. 5. The light guide according to claim 1, wherein
the light source emits white light, and the light guide is made of a transparent material that is colored in a desired color. 6. The light guide according to claim 1, wherein the light distributing portion has a slit portion. 7. A light emitting device, comprising:
the light guide according to claim 1; the light source; and the illumination target. | 2,100 |
341,089 | 16,801,419 | 2,159 | An information setting apparatus includes a memory and a processor. The processor configured to: create a template and assistance information based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each item set by other users who have completed settings for information disclosure to a first service, the template having a disclosure agreement or refusal of each of items for the first service set in advance, the assistance information giving assistance for selecting a disclosure agreement or refusal of each of the items, and output the created template and the created assistance information. | 1. An information setting apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a processor, coupled to the memory, configured to: create a template and assistance information based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each item set by other users who have completed settings for information disclosure to a first service, the template having a disclosure agreement or refusal of each of items for the first service set in advance, the assistance information giving assistance for selecting a disclosure agreement or refusal of each of the items, and output the created template and the created assistance information. 2. The information setting apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the assistance information is information indicating a percentage of users who have set a disclosure agreement of the item among the other users who have completed the settings for information disclosure to the first service. 3. The information setting apparatus of claim 2, wherein
the assistance information is information that enables disclosure agreements to be set collectively for items, the percentage of which is equal to or more than a first threshold, among the items for the first service. 4. The information setting apparatus of claim 2, wherein
the assistance information is information that enables disclosure refusals to be set collectively for items, the percentage of which is less than a second threshold, among the items for the first service. 5. The information setting apparatus of claim 2, wherein
the assistance information is information indicating a time-series change in the percentage within a given period. 6. The information setting apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the other users are users of a sex and generation, at least one of which is a same as the first user. 7. The information setting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to
identify other users who have completed settings for information disclosure to all services to which the first user has completed the settings for information disclosure among a plurality of services, identify a user group which has a setting tendency of information disclosure similar to that of the first user based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each item for the plurality of services set by the first user and the identified other users, and create the template based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each of the items for the first service set by the users in the identified user group. 8. The information setting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to
identify a user group for each concerned service to which the first user has completed the settings for information disclosure among a plurality of services, the user group having a setting tendency of information disclosure similar to that of the first user based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each item for the concerned service set by users who have completed the settings for information disclosure to the concerned service, and create the template based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each of the items for the first service set by the users in the identified user group. 9. The information setting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to
based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each item set by users who have completed settings for information disclosure to a plurality of services including the first service, determine a relation between items for the plurality of services regarding whether a disclosure is agreed, and based on the relations determined as a result, create the assistance information that enables disclosure agreements and refusals to be set collectively for a certain item for the first service, and other items highly related to the certain item regarding whether the disclosure is agreed. 10. The information setting apparatus of claim 9, wherein
the processor is configured to select, from the items for the first service based on the relations determined as the result, an item highly related to another item regarding whether the disclosure is agreed, and creates template in which a disclosure agreement or refusal of each selected item is set in advance. 11. The information setting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to
judge whether the first user has completed the settings for information disclosure to the first service, and create the template and the assistance information in a case where the first user has not completed the settings for information disclosure to the first service. 12. The information setting apparatus of claim 9, wherein
the processor is configured to create the assistance information indicating a disclosure agreement or refusal of each of a certain item for the first service and other item highly related to the certain item regarding whether the disclosure is agreed based on the relations determined as the result. 13. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium having stored therein a computer program for causing a processor to execute a process, the process comprising:
creating a template and assistance information based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each item set by other users who have completed settings for information disclosure to a first service, the template having a disclosure agreement or refusal of each of items for the first service set in advance, the assistance information giving assistance for selecting a disclosure agreement or refusal of each of the items, and outputting the created template and the created assistance information. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium of claim 13, wherein
the assistance information is information indicating a percentage of users who have set a disclosure agreement of the item among the other users who have completed the settings for information disclosure to the first service. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium of claim 14, wherein
the assistance information is information that enables disclosure agreements to be set collectively for items, the percentage of which is equal to or more than a first threshold, among the items for the first service. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium of claim 14, wherein
the assistance information is information that enables disclosure refusals to be set collectively for items, the percentage of which is less than a second threshold, among the items for the first service. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium of claim 15, wherein
the assistance information is information indicating a time-series change in the percentage within a given period. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium of claim 13, wherein
the other users are users of a sex and generation, at least one of which is a same as the first user. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium of claim 13, wherein the process further comprising:
identifying other users who have completed settings for information disclosure to all services to which the first user has completed the settings for information disclosure among a plurality of services, identifying a user group which has a setting tendency of information disclosure similar to that of the first user based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each item for the plurality of services set by the first user and the identified other users, and creating the template based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each of the items for the first service set by the users in the identified user group. 20. A computer-implemented setting method comprising:
creating a template and assistance information based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each item set by other users who have completed settings for information disclosure to a first service, the template having a disclosure agreement or refusal of each of items for the first service set in advance, the assistance information giving assistance for selecting a disclosure agreement or refusal of each of the items, and outputting the created template and the created assistance information. | An information setting apparatus includes a memory and a processor. The processor configured to: create a template and assistance information based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each item set by other users who have completed settings for information disclosure to a first service, the template having a disclosure agreement or refusal of each of items for the first service set in advance, the assistance information giving assistance for selecting a disclosure agreement or refusal of each of the items, and output the created template and the created assistance information.1. An information setting apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a processor, coupled to the memory, configured to: create a template and assistance information based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each item set by other users who have completed settings for information disclosure to a first service, the template having a disclosure agreement or refusal of each of items for the first service set in advance, the assistance information giving assistance for selecting a disclosure agreement or refusal of each of the items, and output the created template and the created assistance information. 2. The information setting apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the assistance information is information indicating a percentage of users who have set a disclosure agreement of the item among the other users who have completed the settings for information disclosure to the first service. 3. The information setting apparatus of claim 2, wherein
the assistance information is information that enables disclosure agreements to be set collectively for items, the percentage of which is equal to or more than a first threshold, among the items for the first service. 4. The information setting apparatus of claim 2, wherein
the assistance information is information that enables disclosure refusals to be set collectively for items, the percentage of which is less than a second threshold, among the items for the first service. 5. The information setting apparatus of claim 2, wherein
the assistance information is information indicating a time-series change in the percentage within a given period. 6. The information setting apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the other users are users of a sex and generation, at least one of which is a same as the first user. 7. The information setting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to
identify other users who have completed settings for information disclosure to all services to which the first user has completed the settings for information disclosure among a plurality of services, identify a user group which has a setting tendency of information disclosure similar to that of the first user based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each item for the plurality of services set by the first user and the identified other users, and create the template based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each of the items for the first service set by the users in the identified user group. 8. The information setting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to
identify a user group for each concerned service to which the first user has completed the settings for information disclosure among a plurality of services, the user group having a setting tendency of information disclosure similar to that of the first user based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each item for the concerned service set by users who have completed the settings for information disclosure to the concerned service, and create the template based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each of the items for the first service set by the users in the identified user group. 9. The information setting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to
based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each item set by users who have completed settings for information disclosure to a plurality of services including the first service, determine a relation between items for the plurality of services regarding whether a disclosure is agreed, and based on the relations determined as a result, create the assistance information that enables disclosure agreements and refusals to be set collectively for a certain item for the first service, and other items highly related to the certain item regarding whether the disclosure is agreed. 10. The information setting apparatus of claim 9, wherein
the processor is configured to select, from the items for the first service based on the relations determined as the result, an item highly related to another item regarding whether the disclosure is agreed, and creates template in which a disclosure agreement or refusal of each selected item is set in advance. 11. The information setting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to
judge whether the first user has completed the settings for information disclosure to the first service, and create the template and the assistance information in a case where the first user has not completed the settings for information disclosure to the first service. 12. The information setting apparatus of claim 9, wherein
the processor is configured to create the assistance information indicating a disclosure agreement or refusal of each of a certain item for the first service and other item highly related to the certain item regarding whether the disclosure is agreed based on the relations determined as the result. 13. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium having stored therein a computer program for causing a processor to execute a process, the process comprising:
creating a template and assistance information based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each item set by other users who have completed settings for information disclosure to a first service, the template having a disclosure agreement or refusal of each of items for the first service set in advance, the assistance information giving assistance for selecting a disclosure agreement or refusal of each of the items, and outputting the created template and the created assistance information. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium of claim 13, wherein
the assistance information is information indicating a percentage of users who have set a disclosure agreement of the item among the other users who have completed the settings for information disclosure to the first service. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium of claim 14, wherein
the assistance information is information that enables disclosure agreements to be set collectively for items, the percentage of which is equal to or more than a first threshold, among the items for the first service. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium of claim 14, wherein
the assistance information is information that enables disclosure refusals to be set collectively for items, the percentage of which is less than a second threshold, among the items for the first service. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium of claim 15, wherein
the assistance information is information indicating a time-series change in the percentage within a given period. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium of claim 13, wherein
the other users are users of a sex and generation, at least one of which is a same as the first user. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium of claim 13, wherein the process further comprising:
identifying other users who have completed settings for information disclosure to all services to which the first user has completed the settings for information disclosure among a plurality of services, identifying a user group which has a setting tendency of information disclosure similar to that of the first user based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each item for the plurality of services set by the first user and the identified other users, and creating the template based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each of the items for the first service set by the users in the identified user group. 20. A computer-implemented setting method comprising:
creating a template and assistance information based on setting information indicating disclosure agreements and refusals of each item set by other users who have completed settings for information disclosure to a first service, the template having a disclosure agreement or refusal of each of items for the first service set in advance, the assistance information giving assistance for selecting a disclosure agreement or refusal of each of the items, and outputting the created template and the created assistance information. | 2,100 |
341,090 | 16,801,412 | 2,159 | A sheet feeding device includes a sheet feeding body, a sheet separating body, a loading body, a support, and a pressing body. The sheet feeding body is configured to feed a recording sheet. The sheet separating body is configured to separate the recording medium and convey the recording medium together with the sheet feeding body. The loading body is configured to load the recording medium to be fed by the sheet feeding body. The support is disposed above the sheet separating body. The pressing body is made of metal and rotatably supported by the support between the loading body and the sheet separating body. The pressing body includes a part-shaped face to contact or face the recording medium. A surface of the part is covered with a metal plating. | 1. A sheet feeding device for an image forming apparatus, comprising:
a sheet feeding body configured to feed a recording medium; a sheet separating body configured to separate the recording medium and convey the recording medium together with the sheet feeding body; a loading body configured to load the recording medium to be fed by the sheet feeding body; a support disposed above the sheet separating body; and a pressing body made of metal and rotatably supported by the support between the loading body and the sheet separating body, the pressing body being configured to contact and separate with respect to the sheet feeding body at an edge of the pressing body, the pressing body including a part-shaped face to contact or face the recording medium, a surface of the part being covered with a metal plating. 2. The sheet feeding device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a rotary body rotatably supported by the support; and a biasing body configured to bias the rotary body, wherein the pressing body is attached to the rotary body, and the pressing body is configured to press the sheet feeding body at the edge of the pressing body. 3. The sheet feeding device according to claim 1,
wherein the pressing body has a width greater than a width of the sheet feeding body in a direction perpendicular to a direction in which the sheet feeding body feeds the recording medium. 4. The sheet feeding device according to claim 1,
wherein the pressing body includes a folded portion at the edge of the pressing body. 5. The sheet feeding device according to claim 4,
wherein the folded portion is a rounded part of the edge of the pressing body. 6. The sheet feeding device according to claim 5,
wherein the folded portion is a part of the edge of the pressing body folded back at an angle of 180 degrees. 7. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an image forming device configured to form an image on a recording medium; and the sheet feeding device according to claim 1, configured to feed the recording medium to the image forming device. | A sheet feeding device includes a sheet feeding body, a sheet separating body, a loading body, a support, and a pressing body. The sheet feeding body is configured to feed a recording sheet. The sheet separating body is configured to separate the recording medium and convey the recording medium together with the sheet feeding body. The loading body is configured to load the recording medium to be fed by the sheet feeding body. The support is disposed above the sheet separating body. The pressing body is made of metal and rotatably supported by the support between the loading body and the sheet separating body. The pressing body includes a part-shaped face to contact or face the recording medium. A surface of the part is covered with a metal plating.1. A sheet feeding device for an image forming apparatus, comprising:
a sheet feeding body configured to feed a recording medium; a sheet separating body configured to separate the recording medium and convey the recording medium together with the sheet feeding body; a loading body configured to load the recording medium to be fed by the sheet feeding body; a support disposed above the sheet separating body; and a pressing body made of metal and rotatably supported by the support between the loading body and the sheet separating body, the pressing body being configured to contact and separate with respect to the sheet feeding body at an edge of the pressing body, the pressing body including a part-shaped face to contact or face the recording medium, a surface of the part being covered with a metal plating. 2. The sheet feeding device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a rotary body rotatably supported by the support; and a biasing body configured to bias the rotary body, wherein the pressing body is attached to the rotary body, and the pressing body is configured to press the sheet feeding body at the edge of the pressing body. 3. The sheet feeding device according to claim 1,
wherein the pressing body has a width greater than a width of the sheet feeding body in a direction perpendicular to a direction in which the sheet feeding body feeds the recording medium. 4. The sheet feeding device according to claim 1,
wherein the pressing body includes a folded portion at the edge of the pressing body. 5. The sheet feeding device according to claim 4,
wherein the folded portion is a rounded part of the edge of the pressing body. 6. The sheet feeding device according to claim 5,
wherein the folded portion is a part of the edge of the pressing body folded back at an angle of 180 degrees. 7. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an image forming device configured to form an image on a recording medium; and the sheet feeding device according to claim 1, configured to feed the recording medium to the image forming device. | 2,100 |
341,091 | 16,801,408 | 2,159 | Some embodiments of the disclosure provide a flatness detection device. In an embodiment, the flatness detection device includes a back plate, an electromagnet, a cross beam, a probe, and a limiting frame. The limiting frame and the electromagnet are provided side by side on the back plate. The cross beam is located above the limiting frame and the electromagnet. The probe vertically penetrates the cross beam and the limiting frame. A spring is provided between the cross beam and the electromagnet. The spring is movable in a vertical direction by a guide, the movement being at least one of compression and extension. | 1. A flatness detection device, comprising a back plate, an electromagnet, a cross beam, a probe, and a limiting frame; wherein:
the limiting frame and the electromagnet are provided side by side on the back plate; the cross beam is located above the limiting frame and the electromagnet; the probe vertically penetrates the cross beam and the limiting frame; a spring is provided between the cross beam and the electromagnet; and the spring is movable in a vertical direction by a guide, the movement being at least one item selected from the group consisting of compression and extension. 2. The flatness detection device according to claim 1, wherein:
a circuit board is provided between the limiting frame, the electromagnet, and the back plate; and a controller is connected to the circuit board. 3. The flatness detection device according to claim 2, wherein:
a photoelectric sensor is provided on the circuit board; a light through-hole is provided on the probe; light of the photoelectric sensor is configured to pass through the light through-hole; and the photoelectric sensor and the electromagnet are electrically connected to the controller. 4. The flatness detection device according to claim 3, wherein:
a groove is provided in the middle and upper part of the limiting frame; and the photoelectric sensor is located in the groove. 5. The flatness detection device according to claim 1, wherein:
a sliding groove is provided on a lower end of the probe; a bolt is provided below the limiting frame; and the bolt is slidable in the sliding groove. 6. The flatness detection device according to claim 1, wherein:
the back plate is constructed of sheet metal; the sheet metal is recessed in a middle area; the sheet metal is provided with the limiting frame and the electromagnet; the limiting frame and the electromagnet are fixedly connected by bolts; and connection holes are provided on opposed sides of the sheet metal. 7. The flatness detection device according to claim 1, wherein:
the guide is a screw; and the screw penetrates the cross beam, the spring, and the electromagnet. 8. The flatness detection device according to claim 1, wherein the cross beam and the limiting frame are connected by a positioning pin. | Some embodiments of the disclosure provide a flatness detection device. In an embodiment, the flatness detection device includes a back plate, an electromagnet, a cross beam, a probe, and a limiting frame. The limiting frame and the electromagnet are provided side by side on the back plate. The cross beam is located above the limiting frame and the electromagnet. The probe vertically penetrates the cross beam and the limiting frame. A spring is provided between the cross beam and the electromagnet. The spring is movable in a vertical direction by a guide, the movement being at least one of compression and extension.1. A flatness detection device, comprising a back plate, an electromagnet, a cross beam, a probe, and a limiting frame; wherein:
the limiting frame and the electromagnet are provided side by side on the back plate; the cross beam is located above the limiting frame and the electromagnet; the probe vertically penetrates the cross beam and the limiting frame; a spring is provided between the cross beam and the electromagnet; and the spring is movable in a vertical direction by a guide, the movement being at least one item selected from the group consisting of compression and extension. 2. The flatness detection device according to claim 1, wherein:
a circuit board is provided between the limiting frame, the electromagnet, and the back plate; and a controller is connected to the circuit board. 3. The flatness detection device according to claim 2, wherein:
a photoelectric sensor is provided on the circuit board; a light through-hole is provided on the probe; light of the photoelectric sensor is configured to pass through the light through-hole; and the photoelectric sensor and the electromagnet are electrically connected to the controller. 4. The flatness detection device according to claim 3, wherein:
a groove is provided in the middle and upper part of the limiting frame; and the photoelectric sensor is located in the groove. 5. The flatness detection device according to claim 1, wherein:
a sliding groove is provided on a lower end of the probe; a bolt is provided below the limiting frame; and the bolt is slidable in the sliding groove. 6. The flatness detection device according to claim 1, wherein:
the back plate is constructed of sheet metal; the sheet metal is recessed in a middle area; the sheet metal is provided with the limiting frame and the electromagnet; the limiting frame and the electromagnet are fixedly connected by bolts; and connection holes are provided on opposed sides of the sheet metal. 7. The flatness detection device according to claim 1, wherein:
the guide is a screw; and the screw penetrates the cross beam, the spring, and the electromagnet. 8. The flatness detection device according to claim 1, wherein the cross beam and the limiting frame are connected by a positioning pin. | 2,100 |
341,092 | 16,801,410 | 2,855 | A method includes fixing an axis between a first arm with a lengthwise slide for a first vertex pivot and a second arm comprising an angle indicia proximal a first end and also a lengthwise slide for a second vertex pivot. The axis is configured to interlock the two arms proximal respective first ends in a fixed angular relation based on the angle indicia. A first half of an elliptical arch is scribbed on an elliptical template blank via a scribbing point proximal the axis by sliding the first arm along the lengthwise slide on the first vertex pivot and sliding the second arm along the lengthwise slide on a co-vertex pivot. A second half of the elliptical arch is scribbed by sliding the first arm along the lengthwise slide on the co-vertex pivot and sliding the second arm along the lengthwise slide on the second vertex pivot. | 1. An elliptical arch scribbing tool, comprising:
a first flatstock arm comprising a lengthwise slide for a first vertex pivot and comprising a first end; a second flatstock arm comprising an angle indicia proximal a first end and comprising a lengthwise slide for a second vertex pivot; an axis configured to interlock the two flatstock arms proximal respective first ends in a fixed angular relation based on the angle indicia; and a scribbing point proximal the axis. 2. The tool of claim 1, wherein the lengthwise slide of each flatstock arm is a lengthwise slot configured to receive a fixed vertex pivot on a arch template blank. 3. The tool of claim 1, wherein the scribbing point holds a marker configured to scrib an elliptical arch onto an arch template blank. 4. The tool of claim 1, wherein the axis comprises a bolt and a wingnut, the bolt inserted through a hole defined in the first ends of the flatstock arms. 5. The tool of claim 1, wherein the angle indicia comprises raised lines emanating from the axis at 15 degree increments toward a second end of the second flatstock arm. 6. The tool of claim 1, wherein the first and the second flatstock arms comprise any rigid material including aluminum, steel, wood, plastic and composites thereof. 7. The tool of claim 1, further comprising an extension arm for the first flatstock arm and an extension arm for the second flatstock arm, the extension arms held in a lengthwise tongue and groove parallel relation via a bolt and a wingnut compression. 8. The tool of claim 7, wherein the lengthwise tongue and groove parallel relation comprises a lengthwise dual track on either side of the bolt and the wingnut compression. 9. The tool of claim 1, wherein the lengthwise slides comprise an inside lengthwise side of the flatstock arms. 10. The tool of claim 1, wherein the scribbing point comprises an inside vertex formed by the fixed angular relation of the flatstock arms. 11. The tool of claim 1, wherein the angle indicia further comprises a radial crenellation on the first flatstock arm and a complementary crenellation on the second flatstock arm configured to interlock the members in an angular relation. 12. An elliptical arch scribbing system, comprising:
a first flatstock arm comprising a lengthwise slide for a first vertex pivot and comprising a first end; a second flatstock arm comprising an angle indicia proximal a first end and comprising a lengthwise slide for a second vertex pivot; an axis configured to interlock the two flatstock arms proximal respective first ends in a fixed angular relation based on the angle indicia; and an elliptical arch template blank comprising a first and a second vertex pivots and a co-vertex pivot fixed on the elliptical arch template blank. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the first and the second vertex pivots are fixed opposing each other at a respective first bottom point and a second bottom point of the elliptical arch and the co-vertex pivot is fixed at a top of the elliptical arch. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the elliptical arch template blank is a sheet of plywood and the first and the second vertex pivots and the co-vertex pivot are nails driven into the sheet of plywood. 15. A method for scribbing an elliptical arch, the method comprising:
fixing an axis between a first flatstock arm comprising a lengthwise slide for a first vertex pivot and comprising a first end and a second flatstock arm comprising an angle indicia proximal a first end and comprising a lengthwise slide for a second vertex pivot, the axis configured to interlock the two flatstock arms proximal respective first ends in a fixed angular relation based on the angle indicia; scribbing a first half of an elliptical arch on an elliptical template blank via a scribbing point proximal the axis by sliding the first flatstock arm along the lengthwise slide on the first vertex pivot and sliding the second flatstock arm along the lengthwise slide on a co-vertex pivot; and scribbing a second half of the elliptical arch on the elliptical template blank via the scribbing point proximal the axis by sliding the first flatstock arm along the lengthwise slide on the co-vertex pivot and sliding the second flatstock arm along the lengthwise slide on the second vertex pivot. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising fixing the first and the second vertex pivots opposing each other at a respective first bottom point and a second bottom point of the elliptical arch and fixing the co-vertex pivot at a top of the elliptical arch. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising bolting an extension arm to the first flatstock arm and bolting an extension arm to the second flatstock arm, the extension arms held in a lengthwise tongue and groove parallel relation via a bolt and a wingnut compression. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising determining the fixed angular relation equal to a measuring an the angle from the first vertex to the co-vertex relative to a line connecting the first vertex to the second vertex. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising scribbing the second half of the elliptical arch on the elliptical template blank via the scribbing point proximal the axis by sliding the first flatstock arm along the lengthwise slide on the second vertex pivot and sliding the second flatstock arm along the lengthwise slide on the co-vertex pivot. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising scribbing the first half of the elliptical arch on the elliptical template blank via the scribbing point proximal the axis by sliding the first flatstock arm along the lengthwise slide on the co-vertex pivot and sliding the second flatstock arm along the lengthwise slide on the first vertex pivot. | A method includes fixing an axis between a first arm with a lengthwise slide for a first vertex pivot and a second arm comprising an angle indicia proximal a first end and also a lengthwise slide for a second vertex pivot. The axis is configured to interlock the two arms proximal respective first ends in a fixed angular relation based on the angle indicia. A first half of an elliptical arch is scribbed on an elliptical template blank via a scribbing point proximal the axis by sliding the first arm along the lengthwise slide on the first vertex pivot and sliding the second arm along the lengthwise slide on a co-vertex pivot. A second half of the elliptical arch is scribbed by sliding the first arm along the lengthwise slide on the co-vertex pivot and sliding the second arm along the lengthwise slide on the second vertex pivot.1. An elliptical arch scribbing tool, comprising:
a first flatstock arm comprising a lengthwise slide for a first vertex pivot and comprising a first end; a second flatstock arm comprising an angle indicia proximal a first end and comprising a lengthwise slide for a second vertex pivot; an axis configured to interlock the two flatstock arms proximal respective first ends in a fixed angular relation based on the angle indicia; and a scribbing point proximal the axis. 2. The tool of claim 1, wherein the lengthwise slide of each flatstock arm is a lengthwise slot configured to receive a fixed vertex pivot on a arch template blank. 3. The tool of claim 1, wherein the scribbing point holds a marker configured to scrib an elliptical arch onto an arch template blank. 4. The tool of claim 1, wherein the axis comprises a bolt and a wingnut, the bolt inserted through a hole defined in the first ends of the flatstock arms. 5. The tool of claim 1, wherein the angle indicia comprises raised lines emanating from the axis at 15 degree increments toward a second end of the second flatstock arm. 6. The tool of claim 1, wherein the first and the second flatstock arms comprise any rigid material including aluminum, steel, wood, plastic and composites thereof. 7. The tool of claim 1, further comprising an extension arm for the first flatstock arm and an extension arm for the second flatstock arm, the extension arms held in a lengthwise tongue and groove parallel relation via a bolt and a wingnut compression. 8. The tool of claim 7, wherein the lengthwise tongue and groove parallel relation comprises a lengthwise dual track on either side of the bolt and the wingnut compression. 9. The tool of claim 1, wherein the lengthwise slides comprise an inside lengthwise side of the flatstock arms. 10. The tool of claim 1, wherein the scribbing point comprises an inside vertex formed by the fixed angular relation of the flatstock arms. 11. The tool of claim 1, wherein the angle indicia further comprises a radial crenellation on the first flatstock arm and a complementary crenellation on the second flatstock arm configured to interlock the members in an angular relation. 12. An elliptical arch scribbing system, comprising:
a first flatstock arm comprising a lengthwise slide for a first vertex pivot and comprising a first end; a second flatstock arm comprising an angle indicia proximal a first end and comprising a lengthwise slide for a second vertex pivot; an axis configured to interlock the two flatstock arms proximal respective first ends in a fixed angular relation based on the angle indicia; and an elliptical arch template blank comprising a first and a second vertex pivots and a co-vertex pivot fixed on the elliptical arch template blank. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the first and the second vertex pivots are fixed opposing each other at a respective first bottom point and a second bottom point of the elliptical arch and the co-vertex pivot is fixed at a top of the elliptical arch. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the elliptical arch template blank is a sheet of plywood and the first and the second vertex pivots and the co-vertex pivot are nails driven into the sheet of plywood. 15. A method for scribbing an elliptical arch, the method comprising:
fixing an axis between a first flatstock arm comprising a lengthwise slide for a first vertex pivot and comprising a first end and a second flatstock arm comprising an angle indicia proximal a first end and comprising a lengthwise slide for a second vertex pivot, the axis configured to interlock the two flatstock arms proximal respective first ends in a fixed angular relation based on the angle indicia; scribbing a first half of an elliptical arch on an elliptical template blank via a scribbing point proximal the axis by sliding the first flatstock arm along the lengthwise slide on the first vertex pivot and sliding the second flatstock arm along the lengthwise slide on a co-vertex pivot; and scribbing a second half of the elliptical arch on the elliptical template blank via the scribbing point proximal the axis by sliding the first flatstock arm along the lengthwise slide on the co-vertex pivot and sliding the second flatstock arm along the lengthwise slide on the second vertex pivot. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising fixing the first and the second vertex pivots opposing each other at a respective first bottom point and a second bottom point of the elliptical arch and fixing the co-vertex pivot at a top of the elliptical arch. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising bolting an extension arm to the first flatstock arm and bolting an extension arm to the second flatstock arm, the extension arms held in a lengthwise tongue and groove parallel relation via a bolt and a wingnut compression. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising determining the fixed angular relation equal to a measuring an the angle from the first vertex to the co-vertex relative to a line connecting the first vertex to the second vertex. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising scribbing the second half of the elliptical arch on the elliptical template blank via the scribbing point proximal the axis by sliding the first flatstock arm along the lengthwise slide on the second vertex pivot and sliding the second flatstock arm along the lengthwise slide on the co-vertex pivot. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising scribbing the first half of the elliptical arch on the elliptical template blank via the scribbing point proximal the axis by sliding the first flatstock arm along the lengthwise slide on the co-vertex pivot and sliding the second flatstock arm along the lengthwise slide on the first vertex pivot. | 2,800 |
341,093 | 16,801,387 | 2,855 | A phenol resin for a wet friction material of the invention contains a resol-type phenol resin having, in one molecule, a structural unit A which is derived from a phenol compound having one phenolic hydroxyl group and a structural unit B which is derived from a polyfunctional phenol compound having two phenolic hydroxyl groups. | 1. A phenol resin for a wet friction material, comprising:
a resol-type phenol resin having, in one molecule, a structural unit A which is derived from a phenol compound having one phenolic hydroxyl group represented by the following General Formula (A) and a structural unit B which is derived from a polyfunctional phenol compound having two phenolic hydroxyl groups represented by the following General Formula (B), 2. The phenol resin for a wet friction material according to claim 1,
wherein the polyfunctional phenol compound having two phenolic hydroxyl groups contains one or more kinds of compounds selected from the group consisting of resorcinol, catechol, and hydroquinone. 3. The phenol resin for a wet friction material according to claim 1,
wherein a weight-average molecular weight Mw of the phenol resin for a wet friction material is equal to or greater than 100 and equal to or smaller than 10,000. 4. A phenol resin composition comprising:
the phenol resin for a wet friction material according to claim 1; and an organic solvent. 5. A wet friction material obtained by impregnating a substrate with the phenol resin composition according to claim 4. 6. The wet friction material according to claim 5,
wherein a proportion of the structural unit B contained in a cured substance of the phenol resin composition is equal to or higher than 10% by weight and equal to or lower than 90% by weight with respect to a total of 100% by weight of the structural unit A and the structural unit B. | A phenol resin for a wet friction material of the invention contains a resol-type phenol resin having, in one molecule, a structural unit A which is derived from a phenol compound having one phenolic hydroxyl group and a structural unit B which is derived from a polyfunctional phenol compound having two phenolic hydroxyl groups.1. A phenol resin for a wet friction material, comprising:
a resol-type phenol resin having, in one molecule, a structural unit A which is derived from a phenol compound having one phenolic hydroxyl group represented by the following General Formula (A) and a structural unit B which is derived from a polyfunctional phenol compound having two phenolic hydroxyl groups represented by the following General Formula (B), 2. The phenol resin for a wet friction material according to claim 1,
wherein the polyfunctional phenol compound having two phenolic hydroxyl groups contains one or more kinds of compounds selected from the group consisting of resorcinol, catechol, and hydroquinone. 3. The phenol resin for a wet friction material according to claim 1,
wherein a weight-average molecular weight Mw of the phenol resin for a wet friction material is equal to or greater than 100 and equal to or smaller than 10,000. 4. A phenol resin composition comprising:
the phenol resin for a wet friction material according to claim 1; and an organic solvent. 5. A wet friction material obtained by impregnating a substrate with the phenol resin composition according to claim 4. 6. The wet friction material according to claim 5,
wherein a proportion of the structural unit B contained in a cured substance of the phenol resin composition is equal to or higher than 10% by weight and equal to or lower than 90% by weight with respect to a total of 100% by weight of the structural unit A and the structural unit B. | 2,800 |
341,094 | 16,801,376 | 2,855 | Systems and methods for displaying electronic messages are disclosed. In one aspect, a method is performed at a computing device. The method includes: (1) receiving a plurality of electronic messages; (2) assigning a first subset of the messages to a predefined group category based on a set of content-based clustering rules and content in respective bodies of the messages; (3) concurrently displaying a second subset of the messages and a cluster graphic corresponding to the predefined group category, where the cluster graphic includes a label that describes the predefined group category; (4) while concurrently displaying the second subset of electronic messages and the cluster graphic, receiving user selection of the cluster graphic; and (5) in response, displaying a plurality of messages in the predefined group category, including displaying at least one message from the first subset of messages. | 1. A method of configuring messages for display to a user, the method comprising:
obtaining, by one or more processors, a cluster assignment of a plurality of electronic messages, the plurality of electronic messages being assigned to a predefined cluster of messages according to one or more content-based clustering rules; selecting, by the one or more processors, a set of user interface objects for presentation on a display device in association with the predefined cluster of messages, each of the set of user interface objects having at least one of a display status and a read status associated therewith, the display status including at least one of a set of user-specified rules or a set of system-provided rules; and selecting, by the one or more processors, at least a subset of the plurality of electronic messages in the predefined cluster of messages to be displayed in one or more user interface objects on the display device based on (i) the cluster assignment and (ii) the at least one of the set of user-specified rules or the set of system-provided rules. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more content-based clustering rules are independent of relatedness between the plurality of electronic messages. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of electronic messages includes at least two different types of electronic messages. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the at least two different types of electronic messages include email messages and social network messages. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least two different types of electronic messages further include at least one type selected from the group of an instant message, contact information, a calendar entry, a search query, a search result, image content, promotional content, or a voice message. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating, for concurrent display with the one or more user interface objects on the display device, at least one tab, wherein the at least one tab corresponds to a message type for at least one of the plurality of electronic messages. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one tab is a primary tab associated with a first group of the plurality of electronic messages. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the at least one tab is a plurality of tabs, and the plurality of tabs further includes at least one of a social tab or a promotional tab, the social tab being associated with a second group of the plurality of electronic messages deemed to be posts on a social network, and the promotional tab being associated with a third group of the plurality of electronic messages deemed to be promotional messages. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the at least one tab is configured to display an indication of a number of messages having a predefined status. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the predefined status is either a read status or a display status. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying the one or more user interface objects based on (i) the cluster assignment and (ii) the at least one of the set of user-specified rules or the set of system-provided rules. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating the cluster assignment of the plurality of electronic messages according to the one or more content-based clustering rules. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein generating the cluster assignment includes evaluating a confidence level that a given one of the plurality of electronic messages is of a selected type of electronic message. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising assigning a label to a given one of the one or more user interface objects, the label being configured for display concurrently with display of the given user interface object. 15. A computing device, comprising one or more processors configured to:
obtain a cluster assignment of a plurality of electronic messages, the plurality of electronic messages being assigned to a predefined cluster of messages according to one or more content-based clustering rules; select a set of user interface objects for presentation on a display device in association with the predefined cluster of messages, each of the set of user interface objects having at least one of a display status and a read status associated therewith, the display status including at least one of a set of user-specified rules or a set of system-provided rules; and select at least a subset of the plurality of electronic messages in the predefined cluster of messages to be displayed in one or more user interface objects on the display device based on (i) the cluster assignment and (ii) the at least one of the set of user-specified rules or the set of system-provided rules. 16. The computing device of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to generate, for concurrent display with the one or more user interface objects on the display device, at least one tab, wherein the at least one tab corresponds to a message type for at least one of the plurality of electronic messages. 17. The computing device of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to generate the cluster assignment of the plurality of electronic messages according to the one or more content-based clustering rules. 18. The computing device of claim 15, further comprising the display device. 19. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the display device to display the one or more user interface objects based on (i) the cluster assignment and (ii) the at least one of the set of user-specified rules or the set of system-provided rules. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method of configuring messages for display to a user, the method comprising:
obtaining a cluster assignment of a plurality of electronic messages, the plurality of electronic messages being assigned to a predefined cluster of messages according to one or more content-based clustering rules; selecting a set of user interface objects for presentation on a display device in association with the predefined cluster of messages, each of the set of user interface objects having at least one of a display status and a read status associated therewith, the display status including at least one of a set of user-specified rules or a set of system-provided rules; and selecting at least a subset of the plurality of electronic messages in the predefined cluster of messages to be displayed in one or more user interface objects on the display device based on (i) the cluster assignment and (ii) the at least one of the set of user-specified rules or the set of system-provided rules. | Systems and methods for displaying electronic messages are disclosed. In one aspect, a method is performed at a computing device. The method includes: (1) receiving a plurality of electronic messages; (2) assigning a first subset of the messages to a predefined group category based on a set of content-based clustering rules and content in respective bodies of the messages; (3) concurrently displaying a second subset of the messages and a cluster graphic corresponding to the predefined group category, where the cluster graphic includes a label that describes the predefined group category; (4) while concurrently displaying the second subset of electronic messages and the cluster graphic, receiving user selection of the cluster graphic; and (5) in response, displaying a plurality of messages in the predefined group category, including displaying at least one message from the first subset of messages.1. A method of configuring messages for display to a user, the method comprising:
obtaining, by one or more processors, a cluster assignment of a plurality of electronic messages, the plurality of electronic messages being assigned to a predefined cluster of messages according to one or more content-based clustering rules; selecting, by the one or more processors, a set of user interface objects for presentation on a display device in association with the predefined cluster of messages, each of the set of user interface objects having at least one of a display status and a read status associated therewith, the display status including at least one of a set of user-specified rules or a set of system-provided rules; and selecting, by the one or more processors, at least a subset of the plurality of electronic messages in the predefined cluster of messages to be displayed in one or more user interface objects on the display device based on (i) the cluster assignment and (ii) the at least one of the set of user-specified rules or the set of system-provided rules. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more content-based clustering rules are independent of relatedness between the plurality of electronic messages. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of electronic messages includes at least two different types of electronic messages. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the at least two different types of electronic messages include email messages and social network messages. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least two different types of electronic messages further include at least one type selected from the group of an instant message, contact information, a calendar entry, a search query, a search result, image content, promotional content, or a voice message. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating, for concurrent display with the one or more user interface objects on the display device, at least one tab, wherein the at least one tab corresponds to a message type for at least one of the plurality of electronic messages. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one tab is a primary tab associated with a first group of the plurality of electronic messages. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the at least one tab is a plurality of tabs, and the plurality of tabs further includes at least one of a social tab or a promotional tab, the social tab being associated with a second group of the plurality of electronic messages deemed to be posts on a social network, and the promotional tab being associated with a third group of the plurality of electronic messages deemed to be promotional messages. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the at least one tab is configured to display an indication of a number of messages having a predefined status. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the predefined status is either a read status or a display status. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying the one or more user interface objects based on (i) the cluster assignment and (ii) the at least one of the set of user-specified rules or the set of system-provided rules. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating the cluster assignment of the plurality of electronic messages according to the one or more content-based clustering rules. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein generating the cluster assignment includes evaluating a confidence level that a given one of the plurality of electronic messages is of a selected type of electronic message. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising assigning a label to a given one of the one or more user interface objects, the label being configured for display concurrently with display of the given user interface object. 15. A computing device, comprising one or more processors configured to:
obtain a cluster assignment of a plurality of electronic messages, the plurality of electronic messages being assigned to a predefined cluster of messages according to one or more content-based clustering rules; select a set of user interface objects for presentation on a display device in association with the predefined cluster of messages, each of the set of user interface objects having at least one of a display status and a read status associated therewith, the display status including at least one of a set of user-specified rules or a set of system-provided rules; and select at least a subset of the plurality of electronic messages in the predefined cluster of messages to be displayed in one or more user interface objects on the display device based on (i) the cluster assignment and (ii) the at least one of the set of user-specified rules or the set of system-provided rules. 16. The computing device of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to generate, for concurrent display with the one or more user interface objects on the display device, at least one tab, wherein the at least one tab corresponds to a message type for at least one of the plurality of electronic messages. 17. The computing device of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to generate the cluster assignment of the plurality of electronic messages according to the one or more content-based clustering rules. 18. The computing device of claim 15, further comprising the display device. 19. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the display device to display the one or more user interface objects based on (i) the cluster assignment and (ii) the at least one of the set of user-specified rules or the set of system-provided rules. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method of configuring messages for display to a user, the method comprising:
obtaining a cluster assignment of a plurality of electronic messages, the plurality of electronic messages being assigned to a predefined cluster of messages according to one or more content-based clustering rules; selecting a set of user interface objects for presentation on a display device in association with the predefined cluster of messages, each of the set of user interface objects having at least one of a display status and a read status associated therewith, the display status including at least one of a set of user-specified rules or a set of system-provided rules; and selecting at least a subset of the plurality of electronic messages in the predefined cluster of messages to be displayed in one or more user interface objects on the display device based on (i) the cluster assignment and (ii) the at least one of the set of user-specified rules or the set of system-provided rules. | 2,800 |
341,095 | 16,801,416 | 3,784 | An exercise device in the form of a glide handle typically includes an elongated handle body, a strap or other suitable connecting member attaching the handle to a swivel, and a pulley assembly attached to the swivel. The pulley engages a cord which is attached to fixed objects or loads, and a user employs the handle to displace the cord. The combination of the swivel with the pulley allows the handle to be moved relative to the cord in a smooth continuous motion and in a plurality of directions. The glide handle may be used to strengthen and stretch a muscle, joint, or connective tissue, and to improve range of motion for joints. The device may be incorporated into fitness and physical therapy programs. | 1. A glide handle comprising:
an elongated handle; a connecting member in communication with both the handle and a swivel component; a pulley assembly connected to the swivel component, the pulley assembly comprising a pulley housing, an axle, and a pulley; an elastic cord disposed on a circumferential surface of the pulley; such that during operation both ends of the elastic cord are anchored to separate points of fixed structures; resistance is increased as the handle is pulled away from the elastic cord; the swivel allows rotation of the handle relative to the pulley; and the pulley rotates to allow the elastic cord to travel along the circumferential surface of the pulley with minimal friction. 2. The glide handle of claim 1, wherein the handle is rotatably coupled to the connecting member. 3. The glide handle of claim 1, wherein the handle has at least one flat surface. 4. The glide handle of claim 1, wherein the pulley comprises a circumferential groove that in operation receives the elastic cord. 5. The glide handle of claim 1, wherein the elastic cord has a solid round cross-section. 6. The glide handle of claim 1, wherein the handle comprises a flat surface. 7. The glide handle of claim 1, wherein the handle comprises a grip that at least partially covers the handle body. 8. The glide handle of claim 1, wherein a strap is provided on the handle body to secure the handle to a limb or other appendage of a user. 9. A glide handle comprising:
an elongated handle; a connecting member that connects the handle and a swivel component; a pulley assembly connected to the swivel component, the pulley assembly comprising a pulley housing, an axle, and a pulley; a substantially inelastic cord disposed on a circumferential surface of the pulley; such that during operation: a first end of the cord is anchored to a fixed structure; a second end of the cord is anchored to a load such that resistance is created when the handle is pulled, the swivel allowing rotation of the handle relative to the pulley, and the pulley rotating so that the cord travels through a central bore of the pulley with minimal friction. 10. The glide handle of claim 9, wherein the handle is rotatably coupled to the connecting member. 11. The glide handle of claim 9, wherein the handle has a flat surface. 12. The glide handle of claim 9, wherein the pulley comprises a circumferential groove that receives the cord. 13. The glide handle of claim 9, wherein the cord has a solid round cross-section. 14. The glide handle of claim 9, wherein the handle body has a flat surface. 15. The glide handle of claim 9, wherein the handle body comprises a grip that covers at least a portion of the handle body. 16. The glide handle of claim 9, wherein a strap is provided on the handle body to secure the handle to a limb or other appendage of a user. 17. The glide handle of claim 9, wherein the load is variable. | An exercise device in the form of a glide handle typically includes an elongated handle body, a strap or other suitable connecting member attaching the handle to a swivel, and a pulley assembly attached to the swivel. The pulley engages a cord which is attached to fixed objects or loads, and a user employs the handle to displace the cord. The combination of the swivel with the pulley allows the handle to be moved relative to the cord in a smooth continuous motion and in a plurality of directions. The glide handle may be used to strengthen and stretch a muscle, joint, or connective tissue, and to improve range of motion for joints. The device may be incorporated into fitness and physical therapy programs.1. A glide handle comprising:
an elongated handle; a connecting member in communication with both the handle and a swivel component; a pulley assembly connected to the swivel component, the pulley assembly comprising a pulley housing, an axle, and a pulley; an elastic cord disposed on a circumferential surface of the pulley; such that during operation both ends of the elastic cord are anchored to separate points of fixed structures; resistance is increased as the handle is pulled away from the elastic cord; the swivel allows rotation of the handle relative to the pulley; and the pulley rotates to allow the elastic cord to travel along the circumferential surface of the pulley with minimal friction. 2. The glide handle of claim 1, wherein the handle is rotatably coupled to the connecting member. 3. The glide handle of claim 1, wherein the handle has at least one flat surface. 4. The glide handle of claim 1, wherein the pulley comprises a circumferential groove that in operation receives the elastic cord. 5. The glide handle of claim 1, wherein the elastic cord has a solid round cross-section. 6. The glide handle of claim 1, wherein the handle comprises a flat surface. 7. The glide handle of claim 1, wherein the handle comprises a grip that at least partially covers the handle body. 8. The glide handle of claim 1, wherein a strap is provided on the handle body to secure the handle to a limb or other appendage of a user. 9. A glide handle comprising:
an elongated handle; a connecting member that connects the handle and a swivel component; a pulley assembly connected to the swivel component, the pulley assembly comprising a pulley housing, an axle, and a pulley; a substantially inelastic cord disposed on a circumferential surface of the pulley; such that during operation: a first end of the cord is anchored to a fixed structure; a second end of the cord is anchored to a load such that resistance is created when the handle is pulled, the swivel allowing rotation of the handle relative to the pulley, and the pulley rotating so that the cord travels through a central bore of the pulley with minimal friction. 10. The glide handle of claim 9, wherein the handle is rotatably coupled to the connecting member. 11. The glide handle of claim 9, wherein the handle has a flat surface. 12. The glide handle of claim 9, wherein the pulley comprises a circumferential groove that receives the cord. 13. The glide handle of claim 9, wherein the cord has a solid round cross-section. 14. The glide handle of claim 9, wherein the handle body has a flat surface. 15. The glide handle of claim 9, wherein the handle body comprises a grip that covers at least a portion of the handle body. 16. The glide handle of claim 9, wherein a strap is provided on the handle body to secure the handle to a limb or other appendage of a user. 17. The glide handle of claim 9, wherein the load is variable. | 3,700 |
341,096 | 16,801,426 | 3,784 | An interactive autonomous driving system for an autonomous driving vehicle may include: a target mapping device that determines whether an obstacle is present in a predetermined range of a target selected by a passenger and outputting obstacle information; a target attribute determination device that determines a target attribute based on the obstacle information and outputs target controllable item information; and a processor that generates control mode recommendation information selectable by the passenger based on the target controllable item information and outputs target attribute information and a selected control mode when control mode selection information is received from the passenger. | 1. An interactive autonomous driving system, comprising:
a target mapping device configured to determine whether an obstacle is present in a predetermined range of a target selected by a passenger and output obstacle information; a target attribute determination device configured to determine a target attribute based on the obstacle information and output target controllable item information; and a processor configured to generate control mode recommendation information selectable by the passenger based on the target controllable item information and output target attribute information and a selected control mode when control mode selection information is received from the passenger. 2. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, wherein the target mapping device is configured to:
output boundary information of an obstacle mapped to the selected target when the obstacle is present and re-recognize the obstacle or recognize a road surface within a predetermined range of the selected target when no obstacle is present. 3. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, wherein the target mapping device is configured to re-recognize the obstacle by increasing a recognition rate and by lowering a determination threshold for recognizing the obstacle. 4. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 3, wherein the target mapping device is configured to output an indication that a target to be controlled has not been recognized as the obstacle when there is no obstacle recognized in re-recognizing the obstacle. 5. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, wherein the target mapping device is configured to utilize a machine learning-based pattern recognizer to recognize the obstacle. 6. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, wherein the target mapping device is configured to newly recognize an obstacle mapped to the target using a set of instructions executed by an edge-based detector and to output boundary information. 7. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, wherein the target attribute determination device is configured to determine at least one target attribute of a type of the obstacle, a road type, or an obstacle position based on the obstacle information. 8. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, wherein the control mode recommendation information generated by the processor is pre-defined based on the target attribute. 9. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to output a boundary indication of the obstacle, a touch sound, and a vibration driving command as processing information. 10. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to output a boundary indication of the obstacle, a touch sound, and a vibration driving command as negative feedback information when there is no obstacle or when the obstacle does not correspond to none of pre-defined target attributes. 11. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to exclude a non-driving path including at least one of a center lane, a shoulder, a guard rail or an obstacle from the control mode recommendation information and configured to deactivate the non-driving path. 12. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to output processing information including at least one of negative feedback information or control failure feedback information. 13. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, further comprising:
a sensor device configured to sense at least one of a lane, the obstacle or surrounding environment information and to output the sensing information to the target mapping device; a passenger interface device configured to:
receive target selection information and the control mode selection information from the passenger,
receive processing information from the processor and
perform display to enable recognition of the passenger; and
an autonomous driving controller configured to perform a temporary control mission during autonomous driving of a vehicle in response to the target attribute information and the selected control mode. 14. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 13, wherein the passenger interface device is configured to receive from the passenger at least one of initial position information, selection information indicating whether to follow or avoid a target or the control mode selection information. 15. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 13, wherein the passenger interface device is configured to receive the selection information using a touch screen and to determine an input of the target by recognizing a specific situation. 16. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 15, wherein the passenger interface device is configured to recognize a point at which a target on the touch screen is touched continuously for a predetermined time or more as the specific situation. 17. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 15, wherein the passenger interface device is configured to recognize a point at which the touch screen is double-touched as the specific situation. 18. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 13, wherein the passenger interface device is configured to receive the control mode selection information through a touch sliding on a touch screen after the selection information of the target is received through the touch screen. 19. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 13, wherein the passenger interface device is implemented with a smartphone possessed by at least one passenger in the vehicle. 20. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 13, wherein the autonomous driving controller is configured to output control failure feedback information to the processor when the temporary control mission fails. | An interactive autonomous driving system for an autonomous driving vehicle may include: a target mapping device that determines whether an obstacle is present in a predetermined range of a target selected by a passenger and outputting obstacle information; a target attribute determination device that determines a target attribute based on the obstacle information and outputs target controllable item information; and a processor that generates control mode recommendation information selectable by the passenger based on the target controllable item information and outputs target attribute information and a selected control mode when control mode selection information is received from the passenger.1. An interactive autonomous driving system, comprising:
a target mapping device configured to determine whether an obstacle is present in a predetermined range of a target selected by a passenger and output obstacle information; a target attribute determination device configured to determine a target attribute based on the obstacle information and output target controllable item information; and a processor configured to generate control mode recommendation information selectable by the passenger based on the target controllable item information and output target attribute information and a selected control mode when control mode selection information is received from the passenger. 2. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, wherein the target mapping device is configured to:
output boundary information of an obstacle mapped to the selected target when the obstacle is present and re-recognize the obstacle or recognize a road surface within a predetermined range of the selected target when no obstacle is present. 3. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, wherein the target mapping device is configured to re-recognize the obstacle by increasing a recognition rate and by lowering a determination threshold for recognizing the obstacle. 4. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 3, wherein the target mapping device is configured to output an indication that a target to be controlled has not been recognized as the obstacle when there is no obstacle recognized in re-recognizing the obstacle. 5. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, wherein the target mapping device is configured to utilize a machine learning-based pattern recognizer to recognize the obstacle. 6. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, wherein the target mapping device is configured to newly recognize an obstacle mapped to the target using a set of instructions executed by an edge-based detector and to output boundary information. 7. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, wherein the target attribute determination device is configured to determine at least one target attribute of a type of the obstacle, a road type, or an obstacle position based on the obstacle information. 8. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, wherein the control mode recommendation information generated by the processor is pre-defined based on the target attribute. 9. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to output a boundary indication of the obstacle, a touch sound, and a vibration driving command as processing information. 10. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to output a boundary indication of the obstacle, a touch sound, and a vibration driving command as negative feedback information when there is no obstacle or when the obstacle does not correspond to none of pre-defined target attributes. 11. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to exclude a non-driving path including at least one of a center lane, a shoulder, a guard rail or an obstacle from the control mode recommendation information and configured to deactivate the non-driving path. 12. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to output processing information including at least one of negative feedback information or control failure feedback information. 13. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 1, further comprising:
a sensor device configured to sense at least one of a lane, the obstacle or surrounding environment information and to output the sensing information to the target mapping device; a passenger interface device configured to:
receive target selection information and the control mode selection information from the passenger,
receive processing information from the processor and
perform display to enable recognition of the passenger; and
an autonomous driving controller configured to perform a temporary control mission during autonomous driving of a vehicle in response to the target attribute information and the selected control mode. 14. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 13, wherein the passenger interface device is configured to receive from the passenger at least one of initial position information, selection information indicating whether to follow or avoid a target or the control mode selection information. 15. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 13, wherein the passenger interface device is configured to receive the selection information using a touch screen and to determine an input of the target by recognizing a specific situation. 16. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 15, wherein the passenger interface device is configured to recognize a point at which a target on the touch screen is touched continuously for a predetermined time or more as the specific situation. 17. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 15, wherein the passenger interface device is configured to recognize a point at which the touch screen is double-touched as the specific situation. 18. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 13, wherein the passenger interface device is configured to receive the control mode selection information through a touch sliding on a touch screen after the selection information of the target is received through the touch screen. 19. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 13, wherein the passenger interface device is implemented with a smartphone possessed by at least one passenger in the vehicle. 20. The interactive autonomous driving system of claim 13, wherein the autonomous driving controller is configured to output control failure feedback information to the processor when the temporary control mission fails. | 3,700 |
341,097 | 16,801,397 | 3,784 | A tractor in which a basic shape of a hot-wind blocking plate disposed between a motor unit and an operation unit is commonalized as a sharable element, and cutting of an outer edge portion of the hot-wind blocking plate enables application to various specifications including different sizes of motors and operation units, thus achieving convenience in assembling the tractor, enabling mass production by using the sharable element, enabling an efficient inventory storage, and providing an advantage in costs. The tractor includes: a hot-wind blocking plate disposed between a motor unit and an operation unit, the dimension of the hot-wind blocking plate being adjustable by cutting an outer edge portion of the blocking plate; and an operation unit component mounted in the outer edge portion of the hot-wind blocking plate, a position where the operation unit component is mounted is changeable depending on a specification of the operation unit. | 1. A tractor comprising:
a motor unit comprising an engine; and an operation unit arranged at a rear of the motor unit; a hood covering the motor unit; and a heat vent cover disposed at a front of the operation unit, the heat vent cover defining a heat vent hole, and wherein the heat vent hole is an elongated hole extending in a front-rear direction of a machine body, with a front end of the heat vent hole directed inward and a rear end of the heat vent hole directed outward. 2. The tractor of claim 1, wherein the heat vent cover is configured to direct vent heat of the motor unit through the heat vent hole and outside of the machine body. 3. The tractor of claim 1, wherein the heat vent cover defines a plurality of heat vent holes that include the heat vent hole, the plurality of heat vent holes positioned at intervals with respect to a left-right direction. 4. The tractor of claim 3, wherein the plurality of heat vent holes are arranged left-right line-symmetrically and inclined. 5. An apparatus comprising:
a heat cover configured to be disposed between a hood and a dashboard of a work vehicle, the heat cover defining a first set of openings, each opening of the first set of openings having:
a first dimension extending along a corresponding first axis that is angularly disposed relative to a centerline of the heat cover;
a second dimension that is orthogonal to the first dimension; and
a first portion of the opening closer to the centerline than is a second portion of the opening. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the heat cover defines:
a plurality of openings including:
the first set of openings positioned on a first side of the centerline; and
a second set of openings positioned on a second side of the centerline; and
the first set of openings are symmetric to the second set of openings about the centerline. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein:
the first dimension is greater than the second dimension; the first axis is angularly disposed relative to the centerline by a first angle; and each opening of the second set of openings extend along a corresponding second axis that is angularly disposed relative to the centerline by a second angle that is equal to and opposite of the first angle. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein:
the first and second angle are non-orthogonal to the centerline; the first axis and the second axis intersect; the first set of openings are spaced at equal intervals with respect to a left-right direction that is substantially orthogonal to the centerline; and the second set of openings are spaced at equal intervals with respect to the left-right direction. 9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein:
the heat cover defines:
a first end that defines one or more flanges configured to couple the heat cover to a wind blocking plate disposed between the hood and the dashboard;
a second end;
an upper surface that extends between the first end and the second end and defines an inverted U shape; and
a lower surface that opposes the upper surface; and
the plurality of openings extend between the upper surface and the lower surface. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein:
ach opening of the first set of openings includes a first portion that is closer to the first end than is a second portion of the opening; and the first portion is closer to the centerline than is the second portion. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the upper surface defines:
a plurality of guide pieces protrude over at least portion of a respective heat opening of the plurality of openings; a first edge portion that defines a first recess at the first end of the heat cover; and a second edge portion that defines a recess at the second end of the heat cover. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:
the plurality of guide pieces are positioned such that heat discharged from the first set of openings is directed toward a left side of the hood and heat discharged from the second set of openings is directed toward a right side of the hood; and the work vehicle includes a tractor. 13. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the work vehicle includes a tractor. 14. A tractor comprising:
a blocking plate disposed between a motor unit and an operation unit of a tractor; a dashboard coupled to a first side of the blocking plate; a hood configured to cover the motor unit; and a heat cover coupled to a second side of the blocking plate, the heat cover positioned between the blocking plate and the hood, the heat cover defining:
a plurality of openings that include:
a first set of openings extending along a first axis that is angularly disposed relative to a centerline of the hood; and
a second set of openings extending along a second axis that is angularly disposed relative to the centerline of the hood. 15. The tractor of claim 14, wherein each opening of the plurality of openings include:
a first end; and a second end that is opposite the first end, the second end positioned further from the centerline of the hood than is the first end. 16. The tractor of claim 15, wherein the first end of each of the first set of openings is positioned closer to the hood than is the second end each of the first set of openings. 17. The tractor of claim 16, wherein the second end of each of the second set of openings is positioned closer to the blocking plate than is the first end each of the second set of openings. 18. The tractor of claim 16, wherein:
the second end of each of the first set of openings is spaced apart from the blocking plate by a first distance measured parallel to the centerline; and the second end of each of the second set of openings is spaced apart from the blocking plate by the first distance. 19. The tractor of claim 18, wherein:
the first set of openings includes three or more openings; and the second set of openings includes three or more openings. 20. The tractor of claim 16, wherein:
the first axis is angularly disposed relative to the centerline by a first angle and the second axis is angularly disposed relative to the centerline by the first angle; and the first angle is substantially equal to 45 degrees. | A tractor in which a basic shape of a hot-wind blocking plate disposed between a motor unit and an operation unit is commonalized as a sharable element, and cutting of an outer edge portion of the hot-wind blocking plate enables application to various specifications including different sizes of motors and operation units, thus achieving convenience in assembling the tractor, enabling mass production by using the sharable element, enabling an efficient inventory storage, and providing an advantage in costs. The tractor includes: a hot-wind blocking plate disposed between a motor unit and an operation unit, the dimension of the hot-wind blocking plate being adjustable by cutting an outer edge portion of the blocking plate; and an operation unit component mounted in the outer edge portion of the hot-wind blocking plate, a position where the operation unit component is mounted is changeable depending on a specification of the operation unit.1. A tractor comprising:
a motor unit comprising an engine; and an operation unit arranged at a rear of the motor unit; a hood covering the motor unit; and a heat vent cover disposed at a front of the operation unit, the heat vent cover defining a heat vent hole, and wherein the heat vent hole is an elongated hole extending in a front-rear direction of a machine body, with a front end of the heat vent hole directed inward and a rear end of the heat vent hole directed outward. 2. The tractor of claim 1, wherein the heat vent cover is configured to direct vent heat of the motor unit through the heat vent hole and outside of the machine body. 3. The tractor of claim 1, wherein the heat vent cover defines a plurality of heat vent holes that include the heat vent hole, the plurality of heat vent holes positioned at intervals with respect to a left-right direction. 4. The tractor of claim 3, wherein the plurality of heat vent holes are arranged left-right line-symmetrically and inclined. 5. An apparatus comprising:
a heat cover configured to be disposed between a hood and a dashboard of a work vehicle, the heat cover defining a first set of openings, each opening of the first set of openings having:
a first dimension extending along a corresponding first axis that is angularly disposed relative to a centerline of the heat cover;
a second dimension that is orthogonal to the first dimension; and
a first portion of the opening closer to the centerline than is a second portion of the opening. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the heat cover defines:
a plurality of openings including:
the first set of openings positioned on a first side of the centerline; and
a second set of openings positioned on a second side of the centerline; and
the first set of openings are symmetric to the second set of openings about the centerline. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein:
the first dimension is greater than the second dimension; the first axis is angularly disposed relative to the centerline by a first angle; and each opening of the second set of openings extend along a corresponding second axis that is angularly disposed relative to the centerline by a second angle that is equal to and opposite of the first angle. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein:
the first and second angle are non-orthogonal to the centerline; the first axis and the second axis intersect; the first set of openings are spaced at equal intervals with respect to a left-right direction that is substantially orthogonal to the centerline; and the second set of openings are spaced at equal intervals with respect to the left-right direction. 9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein:
the heat cover defines:
a first end that defines one or more flanges configured to couple the heat cover to a wind blocking plate disposed between the hood and the dashboard;
a second end;
an upper surface that extends between the first end and the second end and defines an inverted U shape; and
a lower surface that opposes the upper surface; and
the plurality of openings extend between the upper surface and the lower surface. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein:
ach opening of the first set of openings includes a first portion that is closer to the first end than is a second portion of the opening; and the first portion is closer to the centerline than is the second portion. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the upper surface defines:
a plurality of guide pieces protrude over at least portion of a respective heat opening of the plurality of openings; a first edge portion that defines a first recess at the first end of the heat cover; and a second edge portion that defines a recess at the second end of the heat cover. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:
the plurality of guide pieces are positioned such that heat discharged from the first set of openings is directed toward a left side of the hood and heat discharged from the second set of openings is directed toward a right side of the hood; and the work vehicle includes a tractor. 13. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the work vehicle includes a tractor. 14. A tractor comprising:
a blocking plate disposed between a motor unit and an operation unit of a tractor; a dashboard coupled to a first side of the blocking plate; a hood configured to cover the motor unit; and a heat cover coupled to a second side of the blocking plate, the heat cover positioned between the blocking plate and the hood, the heat cover defining:
a plurality of openings that include:
a first set of openings extending along a first axis that is angularly disposed relative to a centerline of the hood; and
a second set of openings extending along a second axis that is angularly disposed relative to the centerline of the hood. 15. The tractor of claim 14, wherein each opening of the plurality of openings include:
a first end; and a second end that is opposite the first end, the second end positioned further from the centerline of the hood than is the first end. 16. The tractor of claim 15, wherein the first end of each of the first set of openings is positioned closer to the hood than is the second end each of the first set of openings. 17. The tractor of claim 16, wherein the second end of each of the second set of openings is positioned closer to the blocking plate than is the first end each of the second set of openings. 18. The tractor of claim 16, wherein:
the second end of each of the first set of openings is spaced apart from the blocking plate by a first distance measured parallel to the centerline; and the second end of each of the second set of openings is spaced apart from the blocking plate by the first distance. 19. The tractor of claim 18, wherein:
the first set of openings includes three or more openings; and the second set of openings includes three or more openings. 20. The tractor of claim 16, wherein:
the first axis is angularly disposed relative to the centerline by a first angle and the second axis is angularly disposed relative to the centerline by the first angle; and the first angle is substantially equal to 45 degrees. | 3,700 |
341,098 | 16,801,381 | 3,784 | An explosive threat mitigation unit (TMU) stands ready to receive a suspected bomb, enclose it, and contain the explosion if one occurs. An operator protects bystanders and surroundings by putting the suspected bomb in a TMU and then closing the TMU. If the bomb goes off, the TMU mitigates the effects of both the blast and the fragments. One variation has a container, a tube, a cap, and a door. The container includes an opening. The tube, arranged in the container, aligns with the opening. The cap slides through the opening and over the tube. The door slides into place to close the opening and enclose the cap within the container. | 1. A device comprising:
a container including an opening; a tube disposed in the container and aligned with the opening; a cap configured to slidably interface with the tube through the opening to form an interior closed compartment; and a door configured to slidably close the opening to enclose the cap within the container. 2. The device of claim 1, further comprising the container including a plurality of subcontainers surrounding the interior closed compartment. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein n subcontainers of the plurality of subcontainers are nested to orient an open side of a given subcontainer toward n−1 closed walls of n−1 corresponding other subcontainers. 4. The device of claim 2, further comprising a plurality of spacers disposed between adjacent subcontainers to establish a channel within which the door is slidable. 5. The device of claim 2, wherein:
the plurality of subcontainers are nested as a first subcontainer within a second subcontainer within a third subcontainer; the first subcontainer includes a first sub-opening wall that surrounds a portion of the opening of the container, the second subcontainer includes a second sub-opening wall that surrounds a portion of the opening of the container, and the third subcontainer includes a third sub-opening wall that surrounds a portion of the opening of the container; the door includes a first door panel and a second door panel; and the device further comprises a first spacing between the first sub-opening wall and the second sub-opening wall, and a second spacing between the second sub-opening wall and the third sub-opening wall, wherein the first spacing is configured to accommodate the first door panel, and the second spacing is configured to accommodate the second door panel. 6. The device of claim 2, wherein a subcontainer comprises a plurality of differently shaped sheets layered together, wherein a first seam of a first sheet does not align with a second seam of a second sheet. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the container includes a plurality of wraps disposed around the container. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the plurality of wraps comprises a plurality of side-to-side wraps aligned along a first plane, a plurality of vertical front-to-back wraps aligned along a second plane perpendicular to the first plane, and a plurality of horizontal front-to-back wraps aligned along a third plane perpendicular to the first and second planes. 9. The device of claim 7, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of wraps are intertwined over and under. 10. The device of claim 1, further comprising a gasket disposed around the opening and extending between the container and the cap that is interfaced with the tube. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein:
the container is a one-piece, three-dimensional structure; the container is formed from integrally woven, continuous fibers; the container further comprises a foldable region; the foldable region connects a front wall to the container; the front wall comprises a door flap; the door flap comprises overhangs; and the overhangs of the door flap are stitched to a top wall of the container and side walls of the container to enclose the container. 12. The device of claim 1, further comprising a tube stabilizer disposed in the container and configured to stabilize within the container the tube spaced by the tube stabilizer from at least one wall of the container. 13. The device of claim 1, further comprising an item stabilizer disposed in the tube and configured to stabilize within the tube an item spaced by the item stabilizer from at least one wall of the tube. 14. The device of claim 1, wherein the tube and the cap each comprise a plurality of differently shaped sheets layered together, wherein a first seam of a first sheet does not align with a second seam of a second sheet. 15. The device of claim 1, wherein the cap includes a flange disposed on an end of the cap, configured to extend outward from the cap to seal with the container. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the container includes a concavity around the door opening to accommodate the flange of the cap between the concavity and the door. 17. The device of claim 1, wherein the door has a U-configuration including a first door panel, a second door panel spaced from the first door panel, and a side door panel connecting the first door panel to the second door panel. 18. The device of claim 17, wherein the first door panel and the second door panel are spaced apart to sandwich a second sub-opening wall of a second nested subcontainer of the container, wherein the first door panel is configured to slide in a first spacing between a first subcontainer nested within a second subcontainer, and wherein the second door panel is configured to slide in a second spacing between the second subcontainer nested within a third subcontainer. 19. A device comprising:
a container comprising a plurality of subcontainers and an opening; a tube disposed in the container and aligned with the opening; a plurality of wraps disposed around the container; a cap configured to slidably interface with the tube through the opening and through at least a portion of the plurality of wraps; and a door configured to slidably close the opening to enclose the cap within the container. 20. A device comprising:
a container comprising a plurality of subcontainers and an opening; a tube disposed in the container and aligned with the opening; a cap configured to slidably interface with the tube through the opening; and a door configured to slidably close the opening to enclose the cap within the container, based on being slidable between at least two subcontainers. | An explosive threat mitigation unit (TMU) stands ready to receive a suspected bomb, enclose it, and contain the explosion if one occurs. An operator protects bystanders and surroundings by putting the suspected bomb in a TMU and then closing the TMU. If the bomb goes off, the TMU mitigates the effects of both the blast and the fragments. One variation has a container, a tube, a cap, and a door. The container includes an opening. The tube, arranged in the container, aligns with the opening. The cap slides through the opening and over the tube. The door slides into place to close the opening and enclose the cap within the container.1. A device comprising:
a container including an opening; a tube disposed in the container and aligned with the opening; a cap configured to slidably interface with the tube through the opening to form an interior closed compartment; and a door configured to slidably close the opening to enclose the cap within the container. 2. The device of claim 1, further comprising the container including a plurality of subcontainers surrounding the interior closed compartment. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein n subcontainers of the plurality of subcontainers are nested to orient an open side of a given subcontainer toward n−1 closed walls of n−1 corresponding other subcontainers. 4. The device of claim 2, further comprising a plurality of spacers disposed between adjacent subcontainers to establish a channel within which the door is slidable. 5. The device of claim 2, wherein:
the plurality of subcontainers are nested as a first subcontainer within a second subcontainer within a third subcontainer; the first subcontainer includes a first sub-opening wall that surrounds a portion of the opening of the container, the second subcontainer includes a second sub-opening wall that surrounds a portion of the opening of the container, and the third subcontainer includes a third sub-opening wall that surrounds a portion of the opening of the container; the door includes a first door panel and a second door panel; and the device further comprises a first spacing between the first sub-opening wall and the second sub-opening wall, and a second spacing between the second sub-opening wall and the third sub-opening wall, wherein the first spacing is configured to accommodate the first door panel, and the second spacing is configured to accommodate the second door panel. 6. The device of claim 2, wherein a subcontainer comprises a plurality of differently shaped sheets layered together, wherein a first seam of a first sheet does not align with a second seam of a second sheet. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the container includes a plurality of wraps disposed around the container. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the plurality of wraps comprises a plurality of side-to-side wraps aligned along a first plane, a plurality of vertical front-to-back wraps aligned along a second plane perpendicular to the first plane, and a plurality of horizontal front-to-back wraps aligned along a third plane perpendicular to the first and second planes. 9. The device of claim 7, wherein at least a portion of the plurality of wraps are intertwined over and under. 10. The device of claim 1, further comprising a gasket disposed around the opening and extending between the container and the cap that is interfaced with the tube. 11. The device of claim 1, wherein:
the container is a one-piece, three-dimensional structure; the container is formed from integrally woven, continuous fibers; the container further comprises a foldable region; the foldable region connects a front wall to the container; the front wall comprises a door flap; the door flap comprises overhangs; and the overhangs of the door flap are stitched to a top wall of the container and side walls of the container to enclose the container. 12. The device of claim 1, further comprising a tube stabilizer disposed in the container and configured to stabilize within the container the tube spaced by the tube stabilizer from at least one wall of the container. 13. The device of claim 1, further comprising an item stabilizer disposed in the tube and configured to stabilize within the tube an item spaced by the item stabilizer from at least one wall of the tube. 14. The device of claim 1, wherein the tube and the cap each comprise a plurality of differently shaped sheets layered together, wherein a first seam of a first sheet does not align with a second seam of a second sheet. 15. The device of claim 1, wherein the cap includes a flange disposed on an end of the cap, configured to extend outward from the cap to seal with the container. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the container includes a concavity around the door opening to accommodate the flange of the cap between the concavity and the door. 17. The device of claim 1, wherein the door has a U-configuration including a first door panel, a second door panel spaced from the first door panel, and a side door panel connecting the first door panel to the second door panel. 18. The device of claim 17, wherein the first door panel and the second door panel are spaced apart to sandwich a second sub-opening wall of a second nested subcontainer of the container, wherein the first door panel is configured to slide in a first spacing between a first subcontainer nested within a second subcontainer, and wherein the second door panel is configured to slide in a second spacing between the second subcontainer nested within a third subcontainer. 19. A device comprising:
a container comprising a plurality of subcontainers and an opening; a tube disposed in the container and aligned with the opening; a plurality of wraps disposed around the container; a cap configured to slidably interface with the tube through the opening and through at least a portion of the plurality of wraps; and a door configured to slidably close the opening to enclose the cap within the container. 20. A device comprising:
a container comprising a plurality of subcontainers and an opening; a tube disposed in the container and aligned with the opening; a cap configured to slidably interface with the tube through the opening; and a door configured to slidably close the opening to enclose the cap within the container, based on being slidable between at least two subcontainers. | 3,700 |
341,099 | 16,801,393 | 3,784 | Provided are systems and methods for intelligent distributed industrial facility safety systems. In some embodiments an industrial facility safety system includes remote sensing devices (RSDs) disposed throughout an industrial facility and a facility safety control system (FSCS) adapted to collect safety data from the RSDs, determine a zone of interest within the industrial facility based on the collected data, and send corresponding alerts to the RSDs based on the zone of interest. | 1. An industrial facility safety system, comprising:
a plurality of remote sensing devices (RSDs) configured to be distributed throughout an industrial facility; and a facility safety control system (FSCS) configured to:
receive safety data from the plurality of RSDs;
process the safety data from the plurality of RSDs to determine one or more safety alerts; and
send the one or more safety alerts to one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs,
each remote sensing device (RSD) of the plurality of RSDs comprising:
a sensing unit comprising one more sensors configured to sense characteristics of an environment surrounding the RSD;
a processing unit configured to process the sensed characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD to generate safety data corresponding to characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD sensed by the one or more sensors of the sensing unit of the RSD;
a communication unit configured to:
send, to the FSCS, safety data; and
receive, from the FSCS, safety alerts; and
an alert unit configured to present safety alerts;
the FSCS configured to:
collect, from the plurality of RSDs, first safety data indicative of first current conditions of the industrial facility;
determine, based on the first safety data, first current conditions of the industrial facility;
determine, based on the current conditions of the industrial facility, a zone of interest within the industrial facility;
collect, from the plurality of RSDs, second safety data indicative of second current conditions of the industrial facility;
determine, based on the second safety data, second current conditions of the industrial facility;
adjust, based on the second current conditions of the industrial facility, the zone of interest to define an adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility;
determine a safety alert associated with the adjusted zone of interest;
determine one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest; and
send, to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest, the safety alert. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the FSCS is further configured to:
determine a sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to install the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest into RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the FSCS is further configured to:
determine a sensing state associated with the adjusted zone of interest, and wherein the safety alert comprises a command to cause the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest to operate in the sensing state. 5. The system of claim 4,
wherein the sensing state comprises a high-sensitivity sensing mode, wherein the alert comprises a command to cause RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest and operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode to transition to operation in the high-sensitivity sensing mode while located in the adjusted zone of interest. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest are configured to transition from operating in the high-sensitivity sensing mode to operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode in response to moving into an area that is associated with a low-sensitivity sensing mode. 7. The system of claim 1,
wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to evacuate the adjusted zone of interest, and wherein the safety alert comprises directions for evacuating the adjusted zone of interest, and the directions comprise instructions to avoid areas associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 8. The system of claim 1,
wherein the current conditions comprise an environmental condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the environmental condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable a gas sensor module. 9. The system of claim 8,
wherein the current conditions comprise a wind condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the wind condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable a gas sensor module. 10. The system of claim 1,
collect, from the plurality of RSDs, third safety data indicative of third current conditions of the industrial facility; determine, based on the third safety data, third current conditions of the industrial facility; adjust, based on the third current conditions of the industrial facility, the adjusted zone of interest to define a second adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility; determine a second safety alert associated with the second adjusted zone of interest; determine one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest; and send, to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest, the second safety alert. 11. A method of operating an industrial facility safety system, the method comprising:
collecting, by a facility safety control system (FSCS) of an industrial facility safety system for an industrial facility and from a plurality of remote sensing devices (RSDs), first safety data indicative of first current conditions of the industrial facility, the industrial facility safety system comprising:
the plurality of RSDs distributed throughout the industrial facility; and
the FSCS configured to:
receive safety data from the plurality of RSDs;
process the safety data from the plurality of RSDs to determine one or more safety alerts; and
send the one or more safety alerts to one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs,
the plurality of RSDs, wherein each RSD of the plurality of RSDs comprises:
a sensing unit comprising one more sensors configured to sense characteristics of an environment surrounding the RSD;
a processing unit configured to process the sensed characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD to generate safety data corresponding to characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD sensed by the one or more sensors of the sensing unit of the RSD;
a communication unit configured to:
send, to the FSCS, safety data; and
receive, from the FSCS, safety alerts; and
an alert unit configured to present safety alerts;
determining, by the FSCS based on the first safety data, first current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the current conditions of the industrial facility, a zone of interest within the industrial facility; collecting, by the FSCS from the plurality of RSDs, second safety data indicative of second current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the second safety data, second current conditions of the industrial facility; adjusting, by the FSCS based on the second current conditions of the industrial facility, the zone of interest to define an adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS, a safety alert associated with the adjusted zone of interest; determining, by the FSCS, one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest; and sending, by the FSCS to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest, the safety alert. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining, by the FSCS, a sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest, wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to install the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest into RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining, by the FSCS, a sensing state associated with the adjusted zone of interest, wherein the safety alert comprises a command to cause the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest to operate in the sensing state. 15. The method of claim 14,
wherein the sensing state comprises a high-sensitivity sensing mode, and wherein the safety alert comprises a command to cause RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest and operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode to transition to operation in the high-sensitivity sensing mode. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining that a RSD of the plurality of RSDs located within the adjusted zone of interest is located in an area that is associated with a low-sensitivity sensing mode, and causing, in response to determining that the RSD of the plurality of RSDs located within the adjusted zone of interest is located in an area that is associated with a low-sensitivity sensing mode, the RSD to transition from operating in the high-sensitivity sensing mode to operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode. 17. The method of claim 11,
wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to evacuate the adjusted zone of interest, and wherein the safety alert comprises directions for evacuating the adjusted zone of interest, and the directions comprise instructions to avoid areas associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 18. The method of claim 11,
wherein the current conditions comprise an environmental condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the environmental condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable a gas sensor module. 19. The method of claim 18,
wherein the current conditions comprise a wind condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the wind condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to install a gas sensor module. 20. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
collecting, by the FSCS from the plurality of RSDs, third safety data indicative of third current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the third safety data, third current conditions of the industrial facility; adjusting, by the FSCS based on the third current conditions of the industrial facility, the adjusted zone of interest to define a second adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS a second safety alert associated with the second adjusted zone of interest; determining, by the FSCS one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest; and sending, by the FSCS to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest, the second safety alert. 21. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising program instructions stored thereon that are executable by a computer processor to cause the following operations for operating an industrial facility safety system:
collecting, by a facility safety control system (FSCS) of an industrial facility safety system for an industrial facility and from a plurality of remote sensing devices (RSDs), first safety data indicative of first current conditions of the industrial facility, the industrial facility safety system comprising:
the plurality of RSDs distributed throughout the industrial facility; and
the FSCS configured to:
receive safety data from the plurality of RSDs;
process the safety data from the plurality of RSDs to determine one or more safety alerts; and
send the one or more safety alerts to one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs,
the plurality of RSDs, wherein each RSD of the plurality of RSDs comprises:
a sensing unit comprising one more sensors configured to sense characteristics of an environment surrounding the RSD;
a processing unit configured to process the sensed characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD to generate safety data corresponding to characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD sensed by the one or more sensors of the sensing unit of the RSD;
a communication unit configured to:
send, to the FSCS, safety data; and
receive, from the FSCS, safety alerts; and
an alert unit configured to present safety alerts;
determining, by the FSCS based on the first safety data, first current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the current conditions of the industrial facility, a zone of interest within the industrial facility; collecting, by the FSCS from the plurality of RSDs, second safety data indicative of second current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the second safety data, second current conditions of the industrial facility; adjusting, by the FSCS based on the second current conditions of the industrial facility, the zone of interest to define an adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS, a safety alert associated with the adjusted zone of interest; determining, by the FSCS, one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest; and sending, by the FSCS to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest, the safety alert. 22. The medium of claim 21, the operations further comprising:
determining, by the FSCS, a sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest, wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 23. The medium of claim 22, wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to install the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest into RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest. 24. The medium of claim 21, the operations further comprising:
determining, by the FSCS, a sensing state associated with the adjusted zone of interest, wherein the safety alert comprises a command to cause the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest to operate in the sensing state. 25. The medium of claim 24,
wherein the sensing state comprises a high-sensitivity sensing mode, and wherein the safety alert comprises a command to cause RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest and operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode to transition to operation in the high-sensitivity sensing mode. 26. The medium of claim 25, the operations further comprising:
determining that a RSD of the plurality of RSDs located within the adjusted zone of interest is located in an area that is associated with a low-sensitivity sensing mode, and causing, in response to determining that the RSD of the plurality of RSDs located within the adjusted zone of interest is located in an area that is associated with a low-sensitivity sensing mode, the RSD to transition from operating in the high-sensitivity sensing mode to operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode. 27. The medium of claim 21,
wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to evacuate the adjusted zone of interest, and wherein the safety alert comprises directions for evacuating the adjusted zone of interest, and the directions comprise instructions to avoid areas associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 28. The medium of claim 21,
wherein the current conditions comprise an environmental condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the environmental condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable a gas sensor module. 29. The medium of claim 28,
wherein the current conditions comprise a wind condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the wind condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to install a gas sensor module. 30. The medium of claim 21, the operations further comprising:
collecting, by the FSCS from the plurality of RSDs, third safety data indicative of third current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the third safety data, third current conditions of the industrial facility; adjusting, by the FSCS based on the third current conditions of the industrial facility, the adjusted zone of interest to define a second adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS a second safety alert associated with the second adjusted zone of interest; determining, by the FSCS one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest; and sending, by the FSCS to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest, the second safety alert. | Provided are systems and methods for intelligent distributed industrial facility safety systems. In some embodiments an industrial facility safety system includes remote sensing devices (RSDs) disposed throughout an industrial facility and a facility safety control system (FSCS) adapted to collect safety data from the RSDs, determine a zone of interest within the industrial facility based on the collected data, and send corresponding alerts to the RSDs based on the zone of interest.1. An industrial facility safety system, comprising:
a plurality of remote sensing devices (RSDs) configured to be distributed throughout an industrial facility; and a facility safety control system (FSCS) configured to:
receive safety data from the plurality of RSDs;
process the safety data from the plurality of RSDs to determine one or more safety alerts; and
send the one or more safety alerts to one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs,
each remote sensing device (RSD) of the plurality of RSDs comprising:
a sensing unit comprising one more sensors configured to sense characteristics of an environment surrounding the RSD;
a processing unit configured to process the sensed characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD to generate safety data corresponding to characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD sensed by the one or more sensors of the sensing unit of the RSD;
a communication unit configured to:
send, to the FSCS, safety data; and
receive, from the FSCS, safety alerts; and
an alert unit configured to present safety alerts;
the FSCS configured to:
collect, from the plurality of RSDs, first safety data indicative of first current conditions of the industrial facility;
determine, based on the first safety data, first current conditions of the industrial facility;
determine, based on the current conditions of the industrial facility, a zone of interest within the industrial facility;
collect, from the plurality of RSDs, second safety data indicative of second current conditions of the industrial facility;
determine, based on the second safety data, second current conditions of the industrial facility;
adjust, based on the second current conditions of the industrial facility, the zone of interest to define an adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility;
determine a safety alert associated with the adjusted zone of interest;
determine one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest; and
send, to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest, the safety alert. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the FSCS is further configured to:
determine a sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to install the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest into RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the FSCS is further configured to:
determine a sensing state associated with the adjusted zone of interest, and wherein the safety alert comprises a command to cause the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest to operate in the sensing state. 5. The system of claim 4,
wherein the sensing state comprises a high-sensitivity sensing mode, wherein the alert comprises a command to cause RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest and operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode to transition to operation in the high-sensitivity sensing mode while located in the adjusted zone of interest. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest are configured to transition from operating in the high-sensitivity sensing mode to operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode in response to moving into an area that is associated with a low-sensitivity sensing mode. 7. The system of claim 1,
wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to evacuate the adjusted zone of interest, and wherein the safety alert comprises directions for evacuating the adjusted zone of interest, and the directions comprise instructions to avoid areas associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 8. The system of claim 1,
wherein the current conditions comprise an environmental condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the environmental condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable a gas sensor module. 9. The system of claim 8,
wherein the current conditions comprise a wind condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the wind condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable a gas sensor module. 10. The system of claim 1,
collect, from the plurality of RSDs, third safety data indicative of third current conditions of the industrial facility; determine, based on the third safety data, third current conditions of the industrial facility; adjust, based on the third current conditions of the industrial facility, the adjusted zone of interest to define a second adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility; determine a second safety alert associated with the second adjusted zone of interest; determine one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest; and send, to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest, the second safety alert. 11. A method of operating an industrial facility safety system, the method comprising:
collecting, by a facility safety control system (FSCS) of an industrial facility safety system for an industrial facility and from a plurality of remote sensing devices (RSDs), first safety data indicative of first current conditions of the industrial facility, the industrial facility safety system comprising:
the plurality of RSDs distributed throughout the industrial facility; and
the FSCS configured to:
receive safety data from the plurality of RSDs;
process the safety data from the plurality of RSDs to determine one or more safety alerts; and
send the one or more safety alerts to one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs,
the plurality of RSDs, wherein each RSD of the plurality of RSDs comprises:
a sensing unit comprising one more sensors configured to sense characteristics of an environment surrounding the RSD;
a processing unit configured to process the sensed characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD to generate safety data corresponding to characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD sensed by the one or more sensors of the sensing unit of the RSD;
a communication unit configured to:
send, to the FSCS, safety data; and
receive, from the FSCS, safety alerts; and
an alert unit configured to present safety alerts;
determining, by the FSCS based on the first safety data, first current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the current conditions of the industrial facility, a zone of interest within the industrial facility; collecting, by the FSCS from the plurality of RSDs, second safety data indicative of second current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the second safety data, second current conditions of the industrial facility; adjusting, by the FSCS based on the second current conditions of the industrial facility, the zone of interest to define an adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS, a safety alert associated with the adjusted zone of interest; determining, by the FSCS, one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest; and sending, by the FSCS to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest, the safety alert. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining, by the FSCS, a sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest, wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to install the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest into RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining, by the FSCS, a sensing state associated with the adjusted zone of interest, wherein the safety alert comprises a command to cause the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest to operate in the sensing state. 15. The method of claim 14,
wherein the sensing state comprises a high-sensitivity sensing mode, and wherein the safety alert comprises a command to cause RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest and operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode to transition to operation in the high-sensitivity sensing mode. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining that a RSD of the plurality of RSDs located within the adjusted zone of interest is located in an area that is associated with a low-sensitivity sensing mode, and causing, in response to determining that the RSD of the plurality of RSDs located within the adjusted zone of interest is located in an area that is associated with a low-sensitivity sensing mode, the RSD to transition from operating in the high-sensitivity sensing mode to operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode. 17. The method of claim 11,
wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to evacuate the adjusted zone of interest, and wherein the safety alert comprises directions for evacuating the adjusted zone of interest, and the directions comprise instructions to avoid areas associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 18. The method of claim 11,
wherein the current conditions comprise an environmental condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the environmental condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable a gas sensor module. 19. The method of claim 18,
wherein the current conditions comprise a wind condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the wind condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to install a gas sensor module. 20. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
collecting, by the FSCS from the plurality of RSDs, third safety data indicative of third current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the third safety data, third current conditions of the industrial facility; adjusting, by the FSCS based on the third current conditions of the industrial facility, the adjusted zone of interest to define a second adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS a second safety alert associated with the second adjusted zone of interest; determining, by the FSCS one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest; and sending, by the FSCS to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest, the second safety alert. 21. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising program instructions stored thereon that are executable by a computer processor to cause the following operations for operating an industrial facility safety system:
collecting, by a facility safety control system (FSCS) of an industrial facility safety system for an industrial facility and from a plurality of remote sensing devices (RSDs), first safety data indicative of first current conditions of the industrial facility, the industrial facility safety system comprising:
the plurality of RSDs distributed throughout the industrial facility; and
the FSCS configured to:
receive safety data from the plurality of RSDs;
process the safety data from the plurality of RSDs to determine one or more safety alerts; and
send the one or more safety alerts to one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs,
the plurality of RSDs, wherein each RSD of the plurality of RSDs comprises:
a sensing unit comprising one more sensors configured to sense characteristics of an environment surrounding the RSD;
a processing unit configured to process the sensed characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD to generate safety data corresponding to characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD sensed by the one or more sensors of the sensing unit of the RSD;
a communication unit configured to:
send, to the FSCS, safety data; and
receive, from the FSCS, safety alerts; and
an alert unit configured to present safety alerts;
determining, by the FSCS based on the first safety data, first current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the current conditions of the industrial facility, a zone of interest within the industrial facility; collecting, by the FSCS from the plurality of RSDs, second safety data indicative of second current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the second safety data, second current conditions of the industrial facility; adjusting, by the FSCS based on the second current conditions of the industrial facility, the zone of interest to define an adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS, a safety alert associated with the adjusted zone of interest; determining, by the FSCS, one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest; and sending, by the FSCS to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest, the safety alert. 22. The medium of claim 21, the operations further comprising:
determining, by the FSCS, a sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest, wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 23. The medium of claim 22, wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to install the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest into RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest. 24. The medium of claim 21, the operations further comprising:
determining, by the FSCS, a sensing state associated with the adjusted zone of interest, wherein the safety alert comprises a command to cause the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest to operate in the sensing state. 25. The medium of claim 24,
wherein the sensing state comprises a high-sensitivity sensing mode, and wherein the safety alert comprises a command to cause RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest and operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode to transition to operation in the high-sensitivity sensing mode. 26. The medium of claim 25, the operations further comprising:
determining that a RSD of the plurality of RSDs located within the adjusted zone of interest is located in an area that is associated with a low-sensitivity sensing mode, and causing, in response to determining that the RSD of the plurality of RSDs located within the adjusted zone of interest is located in an area that is associated with a low-sensitivity sensing mode, the RSD to transition from operating in the high-sensitivity sensing mode to operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode. 27. The medium of claim 21,
wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to evacuate the adjusted zone of interest, and wherein the safety alert comprises directions for evacuating the adjusted zone of interest, and the directions comprise instructions to avoid areas associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 28. The medium of claim 21,
wherein the current conditions comprise an environmental condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the environmental condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable a gas sensor module. 29. The medium of claim 28,
wherein the current conditions comprise a wind condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the wind condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to install a gas sensor module. 30. The medium of claim 21, the operations further comprising:
collecting, by the FSCS from the plurality of RSDs, third safety data indicative of third current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the third safety data, third current conditions of the industrial facility; adjusting, by the FSCS based on the third current conditions of the industrial facility, the adjusted zone of interest to define a second adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS a second safety alert associated with the second adjusted zone of interest; determining, by the FSCS one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest; and sending, by the FSCS to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest, the second safety alert. | 3,700 |
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