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340,900 | 16,801,182 | 3,646 | The invention relates to the field of radio applications, and in particular to a radio radar device capable of adapting to severe weather. The invention includes a fuselage and a turret that is rotatably disposed above the fuselage. A radio radar, a protective cover rotatably connected to the rotating frame is provided above the radio radar, and a radio radar device capable of adapting to severe weather provided by the present invention can conveniently realize the turning of the radio radar. The protective cover can effectively protect the wireless radar in severe weather, and at the same time can ensure the normal operation of the radio radar. The device can be used in conjunction with the mobile trolley to facilitate the shipment. In addition, the equipment can lock itself on the trolley during the shipment process. It is safe and can use the shock absorber of the trolley to reduce the damage caused by bumps during the shipment of the equipment of the present invention, at the same time, the stability of the radar used during the shipment is improved, and it is more reliable. | 1. A radio radar device capable of adapting to severe weather includes a fuselage and a turret rotatably disposed above the fuselage, and is characterized in that a radio radar is provided on the left side of the top wall of the turret so that it can swing left and right. A protective cover that is rotatably connected to the turret is provided above the radio radar, and a swing cavity with an upward opening is provided in the top wall of the turret, and a swing for radiating radio signals sent by the radio radar is provided in the swing cavity. The reflecting plate swings under the action of a hydraulic rod hinged between the reflecting plate and the bottom wall of the swing cavity, so as to adjust the radio reflection angle sent by the radio radar to avoid the radio caused by the limitation of the protective cover. The transmission quality decreases. When the weather is good, the protective cover is rotated by a quarter of a circle. At this time, the radio radar is fully exposed. At this time, a swing device provided in the turret drives the radio radar to swing, thereby adjusting. The radio radar emission direction;
a scraper is slidably disposed on the outer surface of the reflecting plate, a first spring is provided between the scraper and the left end wall of the reflecting plate, and a winding device is provided in the left end wall of the swing cavity. The winding device can be independently rotated and moved from pulling the scraper through the pull wire, so as to facilitate clearing the snow on the surface of the reflecting plate in heavy snow weather; the bottom of the fuselage is provided with four legs that can move up and down, and the legs are moved down by the pushing device provided in the fuselage, thereby lifting the fuselage and making the bottom of the fuselage The wall is separated from the truck of the consignment equipment. At this time, the equipment of the present invention can be fixed at any position. The front wall of the fuselage is downwardly provided with a front-rear symmetrical dovetail slot, and the dovetail slot is slidably provided with a card. Block, the clamping block can be moved toward each other under the action of a tensile device provided in the bottom wall of the fuselage, thereby fixing the fuselage and the truck body firmly to avoid slipping during re-consignment, the jacking The driving power of the device can switch and drive the rotation of the rotating frame under the action of the stretching device. 2. The radio radar device capable of adapting to severe weather according to claim 1, characterized in that the swinging device comprises a first rotating shaft for fixing the radio radar, which is rotatably disposed on the top wall of the turret, and A first worm gear is fixedly disposed on the outer surface of the first rotating shaft, and a transmission cavity is disposed in the rotating frame. A first worm meshing with the first worm gear is rotatably disposed in the top wall of the transmission cavity. A first gear is fixedly disposed on the outer surface of the first worm, and a sliding groove with an opening downward is provided in the top wall of the transmission cavity. A sliding block is slidably disposed in the sliding groove, and the bottom of the sliding block is provided. A first motor is fixedly disposed in the wall, a first gear cooperating with the first gear is fixedly disposed at an end of the first motor output shaft, and first and second threaded holes penetrating through the left and right are provided in the sliding block. A threaded hole is internally threaded with a first threaded rod, and the first threaded rod is dynamically connected to a second motor fixedly arranged in the left end wall of the sliding groove, and the right end of the first threaded rod extends into the Sliding groove A first bevel gear is fixedly disposed in the rotating cavity provided in the right end wall, and a second bevel shaft fixedly connected to the protective cover is rotatably provided in the first bevel gear. A second bevel gear that meshes with the first bevel gear is fixed on the outer surface of the second rotating shaft. 3. The radio radar device capable of adapting to severe weather according to claim 2, characterized in that: a thrust cavity is provided in the bottom wall of the transmission cavity, and a first A three-rotation shaft, a second gear meshing with the first gear is fixedly provided at the end of the third rotation shaft in the transmission cavity, and a cam is fixedly provided at the end of the third rotation shaft in the ejection cavity, A hydraulic pressure cavity is provided in the right end wall of the pushing cavity, and a first sliding hole is provided in communication between the hydraulic pressure cavity and the pushing cavity. The first sliding hole is slidably provided with the hydraulic pressure cavity. A first push rod fixedly connected by a hydraulic push block provided inside, a second spring is provided between the first push rod and a right end wall of the push cavity, and the hydraulic cavity and the hydraulic rod The communication tube is provided with a communication tube, and the hydraulic push block is pushed to the right, so as to squeeze the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic chamber into the hydraulic rod through the communication tube, thereby driving the hydraulic rod to extend and push the reflection. The board rotates. 4. The radio radar device capable of adapting to severe weather according to claim 1, wherein the pushing device comprises a first sliding cavity symmetrically arranged in the left and right sides of the fuselage, and the first sliding cavity is slidable. A first sliding plate fixedly connected to the leg is provided, and a second threaded hole penetrating up and down is provided in the first sliding plate, and a second threaded rod is threadedly connected to the second threaded hole. The top end of the second threaded rod extends into a sprocket cavity provided in the top wall of the first sliding cavity, and a first sprocket is fixedly disposed at the end, and a second sliding cavity is provided in the top wall of the sprocket cavity. A fourth rotating shaft is rotated between the second sliding cavity and the sprocket cavity, and a first spline cap is fixedly disposed at an end of the fourth rotating shaft in the second sliding cavity. A second sprocket is fixedly arranged at the end of the four rotation shafts, and the second sprocket and the left and right two first sprockets are connected by a chain transmission. The top wall of the second sliding cavity is rotatably provided with a A fifth rotating shaft fixedly connected to the rotating frame, the second slide A second spline cap is fixedly disposed at the end of the fifth rotating shaft in the movable cavity, and a second sliding plate is slidably disposed in the second sliding cavity. The output shaft and the second sliding plate are fixedly disposed in the second sliding plate. The third motor that is splined with the second spline cap is moved up and down on the second sliding plate to drive the third motor to move up and down, so that the output shaft of the third motor and the second spline cap are respectively realized. And the first splined cap is splined to achieve power switching. 5. The radio radar device capable of adapting to severe weather according to claim 1, characterized in that the stretching device comprises a worm gear cavity provided in the bottom wall of the fuselage, and the left and right sides of the worm gear cavity are symmetrically provided with windings. A wire cavity, and a sixth rotating shaft penetrating the worm wheel cavity is symmetrically rotated back and forth between the left and right winding holes, and a winding wheel is fixedly arranged at the end of the sixth rotating shaft in the winding cavity. A pull wire fixedly connected to the clamping block is wound on the outer surface of the reel, and a third spring is arranged between the clamping block and the end wall of the dovetail groove. A second worm gear is provided, and a second worm that is engaged with both the front and rear second worm gears is rotatably provided in the worm gear cavity. A third sliding cavity is provided in the top wall of the worm gear cavity. A third sliding plate is slidably disposed in the sliding cavity, and a second sliding hole symmetrically arranged in front and rear is provided between the third sliding cavity and the second sliding cavity. The second sliding hole is slidably disposed in the second sliding hole. There is a connection between the third sliding plate and the second A second ejector rod with a fixed sliding plate, a third threaded hole penetrating up and down is provided in the third sliding plate, and a third thread fixedly connected to the second worm is threaded in the third threaded hole. A rod, the top end of the third threaded rod is power-connected to a fourth motor fixedly arranged in the top wall of the third sliding cavity. | The invention relates to the field of radio applications, and in particular to a radio radar device capable of adapting to severe weather. The invention includes a fuselage and a turret that is rotatably disposed above the fuselage. A radio radar, a protective cover rotatably connected to the rotating frame is provided above the radio radar, and a radio radar device capable of adapting to severe weather provided by the present invention can conveniently realize the turning of the radio radar. The protective cover can effectively protect the wireless radar in severe weather, and at the same time can ensure the normal operation of the radio radar. The device can be used in conjunction with the mobile trolley to facilitate the shipment. In addition, the equipment can lock itself on the trolley during the shipment process. It is safe and can use the shock absorber of the trolley to reduce the damage caused by bumps during the shipment of the equipment of the present invention, at the same time, the stability of the radar used during the shipment is improved, and it is more reliable.1. A radio radar device capable of adapting to severe weather includes a fuselage and a turret rotatably disposed above the fuselage, and is characterized in that a radio radar is provided on the left side of the top wall of the turret so that it can swing left and right. A protective cover that is rotatably connected to the turret is provided above the radio radar, and a swing cavity with an upward opening is provided in the top wall of the turret, and a swing for radiating radio signals sent by the radio radar is provided in the swing cavity. The reflecting plate swings under the action of a hydraulic rod hinged between the reflecting plate and the bottom wall of the swing cavity, so as to adjust the radio reflection angle sent by the radio radar to avoid the radio caused by the limitation of the protective cover. The transmission quality decreases. When the weather is good, the protective cover is rotated by a quarter of a circle. At this time, the radio radar is fully exposed. At this time, a swing device provided in the turret drives the radio radar to swing, thereby adjusting. The radio radar emission direction;
a scraper is slidably disposed on the outer surface of the reflecting plate, a first spring is provided between the scraper and the left end wall of the reflecting plate, and a winding device is provided in the left end wall of the swing cavity. The winding device can be independently rotated and moved from pulling the scraper through the pull wire, so as to facilitate clearing the snow on the surface of the reflecting plate in heavy snow weather; the bottom of the fuselage is provided with four legs that can move up and down, and the legs are moved down by the pushing device provided in the fuselage, thereby lifting the fuselage and making the bottom of the fuselage The wall is separated from the truck of the consignment equipment. At this time, the equipment of the present invention can be fixed at any position. The front wall of the fuselage is downwardly provided with a front-rear symmetrical dovetail slot, and the dovetail slot is slidably provided with a card. Block, the clamping block can be moved toward each other under the action of a tensile device provided in the bottom wall of the fuselage, thereby fixing the fuselage and the truck body firmly to avoid slipping during re-consignment, the jacking The driving power of the device can switch and drive the rotation of the rotating frame under the action of the stretching device. 2. The radio radar device capable of adapting to severe weather according to claim 1, characterized in that the swinging device comprises a first rotating shaft for fixing the radio radar, which is rotatably disposed on the top wall of the turret, and A first worm gear is fixedly disposed on the outer surface of the first rotating shaft, and a transmission cavity is disposed in the rotating frame. A first worm meshing with the first worm gear is rotatably disposed in the top wall of the transmission cavity. A first gear is fixedly disposed on the outer surface of the first worm, and a sliding groove with an opening downward is provided in the top wall of the transmission cavity. A sliding block is slidably disposed in the sliding groove, and the bottom of the sliding block is provided. A first motor is fixedly disposed in the wall, a first gear cooperating with the first gear is fixedly disposed at an end of the first motor output shaft, and first and second threaded holes penetrating through the left and right are provided in the sliding block. A threaded hole is internally threaded with a first threaded rod, and the first threaded rod is dynamically connected to a second motor fixedly arranged in the left end wall of the sliding groove, and the right end of the first threaded rod extends into the Sliding groove A first bevel gear is fixedly disposed in the rotating cavity provided in the right end wall, and a second bevel shaft fixedly connected to the protective cover is rotatably provided in the first bevel gear. A second bevel gear that meshes with the first bevel gear is fixed on the outer surface of the second rotating shaft. 3. The radio radar device capable of adapting to severe weather according to claim 2, characterized in that: a thrust cavity is provided in the bottom wall of the transmission cavity, and a first A three-rotation shaft, a second gear meshing with the first gear is fixedly provided at the end of the third rotation shaft in the transmission cavity, and a cam is fixedly provided at the end of the third rotation shaft in the ejection cavity, A hydraulic pressure cavity is provided in the right end wall of the pushing cavity, and a first sliding hole is provided in communication between the hydraulic pressure cavity and the pushing cavity. The first sliding hole is slidably provided with the hydraulic pressure cavity. A first push rod fixedly connected by a hydraulic push block provided inside, a second spring is provided between the first push rod and a right end wall of the push cavity, and the hydraulic cavity and the hydraulic rod The communication tube is provided with a communication tube, and the hydraulic push block is pushed to the right, so as to squeeze the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic chamber into the hydraulic rod through the communication tube, thereby driving the hydraulic rod to extend and push the reflection. The board rotates. 4. The radio radar device capable of adapting to severe weather according to claim 1, wherein the pushing device comprises a first sliding cavity symmetrically arranged in the left and right sides of the fuselage, and the first sliding cavity is slidable. A first sliding plate fixedly connected to the leg is provided, and a second threaded hole penetrating up and down is provided in the first sliding plate, and a second threaded rod is threadedly connected to the second threaded hole. The top end of the second threaded rod extends into a sprocket cavity provided in the top wall of the first sliding cavity, and a first sprocket is fixedly disposed at the end, and a second sliding cavity is provided in the top wall of the sprocket cavity. A fourth rotating shaft is rotated between the second sliding cavity and the sprocket cavity, and a first spline cap is fixedly disposed at an end of the fourth rotating shaft in the second sliding cavity. A second sprocket is fixedly arranged at the end of the four rotation shafts, and the second sprocket and the left and right two first sprockets are connected by a chain transmission. The top wall of the second sliding cavity is rotatably provided with a A fifth rotating shaft fixedly connected to the rotating frame, the second slide A second spline cap is fixedly disposed at the end of the fifth rotating shaft in the movable cavity, and a second sliding plate is slidably disposed in the second sliding cavity. The output shaft and the second sliding plate are fixedly disposed in the second sliding plate. The third motor that is splined with the second spline cap is moved up and down on the second sliding plate to drive the third motor to move up and down, so that the output shaft of the third motor and the second spline cap are respectively realized. And the first splined cap is splined to achieve power switching. 5. The radio radar device capable of adapting to severe weather according to claim 1, characterized in that the stretching device comprises a worm gear cavity provided in the bottom wall of the fuselage, and the left and right sides of the worm gear cavity are symmetrically provided with windings. A wire cavity, and a sixth rotating shaft penetrating the worm wheel cavity is symmetrically rotated back and forth between the left and right winding holes, and a winding wheel is fixedly arranged at the end of the sixth rotating shaft in the winding cavity. A pull wire fixedly connected to the clamping block is wound on the outer surface of the reel, and a third spring is arranged between the clamping block and the end wall of the dovetail groove. A second worm gear is provided, and a second worm that is engaged with both the front and rear second worm gears is rotatably provided in the worm gear cavity. A third sliding cavity is provided in the top wall of the worm gear cavity. A third sliding plate is slidably disposed in the sliding cavity, and a second sliding hole symmetrically arranged in front and rear is provided between the third sliding cavity and the second sliding cavity. The second sliding hole is slidably disposed in the second sliding hole. There is a connection between the third sliding plate and the second A second ejector rod with a fixed sliding plate, a third threaded hole penetrating up and down is provided in the third sliding plate, and a third thread fixedly connected to the second worm is threaded in the third threaded hole. A rod, the top end of the third threaded rod is power-connected to a fourth motor fixedly arranged in the top wall of the third sliding cavity. | 3,600 |
340,901 | 16,801,195 | 3,646 | Provided are a printing plate precursor including a support, a layer containing a polymer on a printing surface side on the support, and a layer containing tabular particles on a non-printing surface side opposite to the layer containing a polymer in a state of sandwiching the support therebetween, and a printing plate precursor laminate which is obtained by laminating a plurality of the printing plate precursors, wherein the printing plate precursor laminate is formed such that an outermost layer on a surface where the layer containing the polymer is provided and an outermost layer on a surface where the layer containing the tabular particles is provided are laminated by being brought into direct contact with each other. | 1. A printing plate precursor comprising:
an aluminum support; a layer containing a polymer on a printing surface side on the aluminum support; and a layer containing tabular particles on a non-printing surface side opposite to the layer containing the polymer in a state of sandwiching the aluminum support therebetween. 2. The printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein a thickness of each of the tabular particles is smaller than a thickness of the layer containing the tabular particles. 3. The printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein the tabular particles contain a silicon atom and an oxygen atom. 4. The printing plate precursor according to claim 2,
wherein the tabular particles contain a silicon atom and an oxygen atom. 5. The printing plate precursor according to claim 3,
wherein the tabular particles containing a silicon atom and an oxygen atom are smectite, bentonite, or mica. 6. The printing plate precursor according to claim 4,
wherein the tabular particles containing a silicon atom and an oxygen atom are smectite, bentonite, or mica. 7. The printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein the layer containing the tabular particles contains a polymer or a metal oxide obtained by hydrolyzing and polycondensing an organic metal compound or an inorganic metal compound. 8. The printing plate precursor according to claim 2,
wherein the layer containing the tabular particles contains a polymer or a metal oxide obtained by hydrolyzing and polycondensing an organic metal compound or an inorganic metal compound. 9. The printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein the layer containing the tabular particles further contains particles other than the tabular particles, and an average particle diameter of the particles other than the tabular particles is 0.1 μm or greater and is greater than a thickness of the layer containing the tabular particles. 10. The printing plate precursor according to claim 2,
wherein the layer containing the tabular particles further contains particles other than the tabular particles, and an average particle diameter of the particles other than the tabular particles is 0.1 μm or greater and is greater than a thickness of the layer containing the tabular particles. 11. The printing plate precursor according to claim 9,
wherein the particles other than the tabular particles are organic resin particles, inorganic particles, or organic-inorganic composite particles. 12. The printing plate precursor according to claim 10,
wherein the particles other than the tabular particles are organic resin particles, inorganic particles, or organic-inorganic composite particles. 13. The printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein an arithmetic average height Sa of the layer containing the tabular particles is in a range of 0.1 to 20 μm. 14. The printing plate precursor according to claim 2,
wherein an arithmetic average height Sa of the layer containing the tabular particles is in a range of 0.1 to 20 μm. 15. The printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein the layer containing the polymer is an image recording layer including an infrared absorbent, a polymerization initiator, a polymerizable compound, and a polymer compound having a particle shape. 16. The printing plate precursor according to claim 2,
wherein the layer containing the polymer is an image recording layer including an infrared absorbent, a polymerization initiator, a polymerizable compound, and a polymer compound having a particle shape. 17. The printing plate precursor according to claim 15,
wherein the polymer compound having a particle shape contained in the image recording layer has a hydrophobic main chain and both of a constitutional unit (i) which contains a pendant-cyano group directly bonded to the hydrophobic main chain and a constitutional unit (ii) which contains a pendant group having a hydrophilic polyalkylene oxide segment. 18. The printing plate precursor according to claim 16,
wherein the polymer compound having a particle shape contained in the image recording layer has a hydrophobic main chain and both of a constitutional unit (i) which contains a pendant-cyano group directly bonded to the hydrophobic main chain and a constitutional unit (ii) which contains a pendant group having a hydrophilic polyalkylene oxide segment. 19. The printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein the layer containing the polymer includes an infrared absorbent and thermoplastic polymer particles. 20. A printing plate precursor laminate which is obtained by laminating a plurality of printing plate precursors,
wherein each of the plurality of printing plate precursors comprises an aluminum support; a layer containing a polymer on a printing surface side on the aluminum support; and a layer containing tabular particles on a non-printing surface side opposite to the layer containing the polymer in a state of sandwiching the aluminum support therebetween, and wherein the printing plate precursor laminate is formed such that an outermost layer on a surface where the layer containing the polymer is provided and an outermost layer on a surface where the layer containing the tabular particles is provided are laminated by being brought into direct contact with each other. | Provided are a printing plate precursor including a support, a layer containing a polymer on a printing surface side on the support, and a layer containing tabular particles on a non-printing surface side opposite to the layer containing a polymer in a state of sandwiching the support therebetween, and a printing plate precursor laminate which is obtained by laminating a plurality of the printing plate precursors, wherein the printing plate precursor laminate is formed such that an outermost layer on a surface where the layer containing the polymer is provided and an outermost layer on a surface where the layer containing the tabular particles is provided are laminated by being brought into direct contact with each other.1. A printing plate precursor comprising:
an aluminum support; a layer containing a polymer on a printing surface side on the aluminum support; and a layer containing tabular particles on a non-printing surface side opposite to the layer containing the polymer in a state of sandwiching the aluminum support therebetween. 2. The printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein a thickness of each of the tabular particles is smaller than a thickness of the layer containing the tabular particles. 3. The printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein the tabular particles contain a silicon atom and an oxygen atom. 4. The printing plate precursor according to claim 2,
wherein the tabular particles contain a silicon atom and an oxygen atom. 5. The printing plate precursor according to claim 3,
wherein the tabular particles containing a silicon atom and an oxygen atom are smectite, bentonite, or mica. 6. The printing plate precursor according to claim 4,
wherein the tabular particles containing a silicon atom and an oxygen atom are smectite, bentonite, or mica. 7. The printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein the layer containing the tabular particles contains a polymer or a metal oxide obtained by hydrolyzing and polycondensing an organic metal compound or an inorganic metal compound. 8. The printing plate precursor according to claim 2,
wherein the layer containing the tabular particles contains a polymer or a metal oxide obtained by hydrolyzing and polycondensing an organic metal compound or an inorganic metal compound. 9. The printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein the layer containing the tabular particles further contains particles other than the tabular particles, and an average particle diameter of the particles other than the tabular particles is 0.1 μm or greater and is greater than a thickness of the layer containing the tabular particles. 10. The printing plate precursor according to claim 2,
wherein the layer containing the tabular particles further contains particles other than the tabular particles, and an average particle diameter of the particles other than the tabular particles is 0.1 μm or greater and is greater than a thickness of the layer containing the tabular particles. 11. The printing plate precursor according to claim 9,
wherein the particles other than the tabular particles are organic resin particles, inorganic particles, or organic-inorganic composite particles. 12. The printing plate precursor according to claim 10,
wherein the particles other than the tabular particles are organic resin particles, inorganic particles, or organic-inorganic composite particles. 13. The printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein an arithmetic average height Sa of the layer containing the tabular particles is in a range of 0.1 to 20 μm. 14. The printing plate precursor according to claim 2,
wherein an arithmetic average height Sa of the layer containing the tabular particles is in a range of 0.1 to 20 μm. 15. The printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein the layer containing the polymer is an image recording layer including an infrared absorbent, a polymerization initiator, a polymerizable compound, and a polymer compound having a particle shape. 16. The printing plate precursor according to claim 2,
wherein the layer containing the polymer is an image recording layer including an infrared absorbent, a polymerization initiator, a polymerizable compound, and a polymer compound having a particle shape. 17. The printing plate precursor according to claim 15,
wherein the polymer compound having a particle shape contained in the image recording layer has a hydrophobic main chain and both of a constitutional unit (i) which contains a pendant-cyano group directly bonded to the hydrophobic main chain and a constitutional unit (ii) which contains a pendant group having a hydrophilic polyalkylene oxide segment. 18. The printing plate precursor according to claim 16,
wherein the polymer compound having a particle shape contained in the image recording layer has a hydrophobic main chain and both of a constitutional unit (i) which contains a pendant-cyano group directly bonded to the hydrophobic main chain and a constitutional unit (ii) which contains a pendant group having a hydrophilic polyalkylene oxide segment. 19. The printing plate precursor according to claim 1,
wherein the layer containing the polymer includes an infrared absorbent and thermoplastic polymer particles. 20. A printing plate precursor laminate which is obtained by laminating a plurality of printing plate precursors,
wherein each of the plurality of printing plate precursors comprises an aluminum support; a layer containing a polymer on a printing surface side on the aluminum support; and a layer containing tabular particles on a non-printing surface side opposite to the layer containing the polymer in a state of sandwiching the aluminum support therebetween, and wherein the printing plate precursor laminate is formed such that an outermost layer on a surface where the layer containing the polymer is provided and an outermost layer on a surface where the layer containing the tabular particles is provided are laminated by being brought into direct contact with each other. | 3,600 |
340,902 | 16,801,148 | 3,646 | An electronic device with multi screens including a host, a hinge module, a first connecting base, a second connecting base, a first screen, and a second screen is provided. The hinge module is pivotally connected to the host and rotates along a first axial direction. The first connecting base is fixed on a first side of the hinge module. The second connecting base is pivotally connected to a second side of the hinge module and rotates along a second axial direction parallel to the first axial direction. The second connecting base is adjacent to the first connecting base. The first screen is slidably disposed in the first connecting base and the second connecting base. The second screen is detachably disposed in the second connecting base. The second connecting base is suitable for rotating relative to the hinge module to be aligned with or separated from the first connecting base. | 1. An electronic device with multi screens, comprising:
a host; a hinge module, pivotally connected to the host and rotating along a first axial direction; a first connecting base, fixed on a first side of the hinge module; a second connecting base, pivotally connected to a second side of the hinge module and rotating along a second axial direction parallel to the first axial direction, wherein the second connecting base is adjacent to the first connecting base; a first screen, slidably disposed in the first connecting base and the second connecting base; and a second screen, detachably disposed in the second connecting base, wherein the second connecting base is suitable for rotating relative to the hinge module to be aligned with or separated from the first connecting base, when the first connecting base and the second connecting base are aligned with each other, the first screen and the second screen are flush with each other, and when the first connecting base and the second connecting base are separated from each other, the first screen and the second screen have an included angle therebetween. 2. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 1, wherein the hinge module has a support portion, a first rotating shaft portion, and a pivot portion, the first rotating shaft portion is disposed on one side of the support portion facing the host and is located in a rotating groove of the host, and the pivot portion is disposed on the support portion and is spaced from the first connecting base. 3. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 2, wherein the two connecting bases have a second rotating shaft portion and a lower curved surface, the second rotating shaft portion is pivotally connected to the pivot portion, and the lower curved surface partially accommodates the pivot portion. 4. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 1, wherein the first connecting base has a first guide wall, a first limiting wall, and a first groove, the first groove is formed between the first guide wall and the first limiting wall, the first screen has a first clamping portion, a first guide surface, and a first limiting surface, the first clamping portion is clamped in the first groove, and the first guide surface and the first limiting surface respectively abut against the first guide wall and the first limiting wall. 5. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 4, wherein an extended length of the first guide wall relative to the hinge module is greater than an extended length of the first limiting wall relative to the hinge module. 6. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 4, wherein the first connecting base has a plurality of first protrusions, respectively formed on the first guide wall and the first limiting wall and located in the first groove, and each of the first protrusions interferes with and limits the first clamping portion. 7. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 4, wherein the first limiting wall is formed on one side of the first connecting base close to the host and the first guide wall is formed on one side of the first connecting base away from the host, or the first limiting wall is formed on one side of the first connecting base away from the host and the first guide wall is formed on one side of the first connecting base close to the host. 8. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 1, wherein the second connecting base has a second guide wall, a second limiting wall, and a second groove, the second groove is formed between the second guide wall and the second limiting wall, the second screen has a second clamping portion, a second guide surface, and a second limiting surface, the second clamping portion is clamped in the second groove, and the second guide surface and the second limiting surface respectively abut against the second guide wall and the second limiting wall. 9. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 8, wherein an extended length of the second guide wall relative to the hinge module is greater than an extended length of the second limiting wall relative to the hinge module. 10. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 8, wherein the second connecting base has a plurality of second protrusions, respectively formed on the second guide wall and the second limiting wall and located in the second groove, and each of the second protrusions interferes with and limits the second clamping portion. 11. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 8, wherein the second limiting wall is formed on one side of the second connecting base close to the host and the second guide wall is formed on one side of the second connecting base away from the host, or the second limiting wall is formed on one side of the first connecting base away from the host and the second guide wall is formed on one side of the second connecting base close to the host. 12. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 1, further comprising a locking structure, slidably disposed in the second screen, wherein when the first screen and the second screen are flush with each other, the locking structure is suitable for sliding toward the first screen to lock the first screen and the second screen. 13. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 12, wherein the locking structure has a locking block and a toggle block, the locking block is suitable for penetrating the first screen, and the toggle block is vertically disposed on one end of the locking block away from the first screen and extends upward beyond the second screen. 14. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 13, wherein the locking structure has a first magnet, a second magnet, and a third magnet, respectively disposed on the first screen, the second screen, and the locking block, when the first magnet and the third magnet are attracted to each other, the locking block is driven to penetrate the first screen, so that the first screen and the second screen lock each other, and when the second magnet and the third magnet are attracted to each other, the locking block is driven away from the first screen, so that the first screen and the second screen do not lock each other. 15. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 2, further comprising a locking structure, slidably disposed in the support portion, wherein when the first connecting base and the second connecting base are aligned with each other, the locking structure is suitable for sliding toward the second connecting base to lock the support portion of the hinge module and the second connecting base. 16. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 15, wherein the locking structure has a locking block and a toggle block, the locking block is suitable for penetrating the second connecting base, and the toggle block is vertically disposed on one end of the locking block away from the second connecting base and extends beyond the support portion. 17. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 16, wherein the locking structure comprises a first magnet, a second magnet, and a third magnet, respectively disposed on the support portion, the second connecting base, and the locking block, when the first magnet and the third magnet are attracted to each other, the locking block is driven to penetrate the second connecting base, so that the support portion and the second connecting base lock each other, and when the second magnet and the third magnet are attracted to each other, the locking block is driven away from the second connecting base, so that the support portion and the second connecting base do not lock each other. 18. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 1, further comprising a stroke guide structure, having a limiting column and a fan-shaped guide groove, respectively disposed on a surface corresponding to the first connecting base and the second connecting base, wherein the limiting column slidably penetrates the fan-shaped guide groove, when the first connecting base and the second connecting base are aligned with each other, the limiting column abuts against a first end of the fan-shaped guide groove, and when the first connecting base and the second connecting base are separated from each other, the limiting column slides toward a second end of the fan-shaped guide groove. 19. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 1, wherein when the second screen is separated from the second connecting base, the first screen is suitable for sliding relative to the first connecting base to be clamped in the first connecting base and the second connecting base, so that two sides of the first screen are aligned with two sides of the host. 20. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 1, wherein when the second screen is separated from the second connecting base, an expansion member is suitable for being connected to the second screen, and the expansion member comprises a battery, a loudspeaker, or a support frame. 21. An electronic device with multi screens, comprising:
a host; a hinge module, pivotally connected to the host and rotating along a first axial direction; a first connecting base, fixed on a first side of the hinge module; a second connecting base, pivotally connected to a second side of the hinge module and rotating along a second axial direction parallel to the first axial direction, wherein the second connecting base is adjacent to the first connecting base; a first screen, slidably disposed in the first connecting base and the second connecting base and having a first display surface; and a second screen, detachably disposed in the second connecting base and having a second display surface, wherein the second connecting base is suitable for rotating relative to the hinge module to be aligned with the first connecting base, so that the first screen and the second screen are flush with each other, and the first display surface and the second display surface are located on a same plane. 22. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 21, further comprising a plurality of positioning magnets, respectively disposed on two opposite sides of the first screen and the second screen, wherein the corresponding positioning magnets are magnetically attracted to each other. 23. An electronic device with multi screens, comprising:
a host; a hinge module, pivotally connected to the host and rotating along a first axial direction; a connecting base, fixed on the hinge module; a first screen, slidably disposed in the connecting base and having a first display surface; and a second screen, detachably disposed in the connecting base and having a second display surface, wherein the first screen and the second screen are flush with each other, and the first display surface and the second display surface are located on a same plane. | An electronic device with multi screens including a host, a hinge module, a first connecting base, a second connecting base, a first screen, and a second screen is provided. The hinge module is pivotally connected to the host and rotates along a first axial direction. The first connecting base is fixed on a first side of the hinge module. The second connecting base is pivotally connected to a second side of the hinge module and rotates along a second axial direction parallel to the first axial direction. The second connecting base is adjacent to the first connecting base. The first screen is slidably disposed in the first connecting base and the second connecting base. The second screen is detachably disposed in the second connecting base. The second connecting base is suitable for rotating relative to the hinge module to be aligned with or separated from the first connecting base.1. An electronic device with multi screens, comprising:
a host; a hinge module, pivotally connected to the host and rotating along a first axial direction; a first connecting base, fixed on a first side of the hinge module; a second connecting base, pivotally connected to a second side of the hinge module and rotating along a second axial direction parallel to the first axial direction, wherein the second connecting base is adjacent to the first connecting base; a first screen, slidably disposed in the first connecting base and the second connecting base; and a second screen, detachably disposed in the second connecting base, wherein the second connecting base is suitable for rotating relative to the hinge module to be aligned with or separated from the first connecting base, when the first connecting base and the second connecting base are aligned with each other, the first screen and the second screen are flush with each other, and when the first connecting base and the second connecting base are separated from each other, the first screen and the second screen have an included angle therebetween. 2. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 1, wherein the hinge module has a support portion, a first rotating shaft portion, and a pivot portion, the first rotating shaft portion is disposed on one side of the support portion facing the host and is located in a rotating groove of the host, and the pivot portion is disposed on the support portion and is spaced from the first connecting base. 3. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 2, wherein the two connecting bases have a second rotating shaft portion and a lower curved surface, the second rotating shaft portion is pivotally connected to the pivot portion, and the lower curved surface partially accommodates the pivot portion. 4. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 1, wherein the first connecting base has a first guide wall, a first limiting wall, and a first groove, the first groove is formed between the first guide wall and the first limiting wall, the first screen has a first clamping portion, a first guide surface, and a first limiting surface, the first clamping portion is clamped in the first groove, and the first guide surface and the first limiting surface respectively abut against the first guide wall and the first limiting wall. 5. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 4, wherein an extended length of the first guide wall relative to the hinge module is greater than an extended length of the first limiting wall relative to the hinge module. 6. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 4, wherein the first connecting base has a plurality of first protrusions, respectively formed on the first guide wall and the first limiting wall and located in the first groove, and each of the first protrusions interferes with and limits the first clamping portion. 7. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 4, wherein the first limiting wall is formed on one side of the first connecting base close to the host and the first guide wall is formed on one side of the first connecting base away from the host, or the first limiting wall is formed on one side of the first connecting base away from the host and the first guide wall is formed on one side of the first connecting base close to the host. 8. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 1, wherein the second connecting base has a second guide wall, a second limiting wall, and a second groove, the second groove is formed between the second guide wall and the second limiting wall, the second screen has a second clamping portion, a second guide surface, and a second limiting surface, the second clamping portion is clamped in the second groove, and the second guide surface and the second limiting surface respectively abut against the second guide wall and the second limiting wall. 9. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 8, wherein an extended length of the second guide wall relative to the hinge module is greater than an extended length of the second limiting wall relative to the hinge module. 10. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 8, wherein the second connecting base has a plurality of second protrusions, respectively formed on the second guide wall and the second limiting wall and located in the second groove, and each of the second protrusions interferes with and limits the second clamping portion. 11. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 8, wherein the second limiting wall is formed on one side of the second connecting base close to the host and the second guide wall is formed on one side of the second connecting base away from the host, or the second limiting wall is formed on one side of the first connecting base away from the host and the second guide wall is formed on one side of the second connecting base close to the host. 12. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 1, further comprising a locking structure, slidably disposed in the second screen, wherein when the first screen and the second screen are flush with each other, the locking structure is suitable for sliding toward the first screen to lock the first screen and the second screen. 13. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 12, wherein the locking structure has a locking block and a toggle block, the locking block is suitable for penetrating the first screen, and the toggle block is vertically disposed on one end of the locking block away from the first screen and extends upward beyond the second screen. 14. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 13, wherein the locking structure has a first magnet, a second magnet, and a third magnet, respectively disposed on the first screen, the second screen, and the locking block, when the first magnet and the third magnet are attracted to each other, the locking block is driven to penetrate the first screen, so that the first screen and the second screen lock each other, and when the second magnet and the third magnet are attracted to each other, the locking block is driven away from the first screen, so that the first screen and the second screen do not lock each other. 15. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 2, further comprising a locking structure, slidably disposed in the support portion, wherein when the first connecting base and the second connecting base are aligned with each other, the locking structure is suitable for sliding toward the second connecting base to lock the support portion of the hinge module and the second connecting base. 16. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 15, wherein the locking structure has a locking block and a toggle block, the locking block is suitable for penetrating the second connecting base, and the toggle block is vertically disposed on one end of the locking block away from the second connecting base and extends beyond the support portion. 17. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 16, wherein the locking structure comprises a first magnet, a second magnet, and a third magnet, respectively disposed on the support portion, the second connecting base, and the locking block, when the first magnet and the third magnet are attracted to each other, the locking block is driven to penetrate the second connecting base, so that the support portion and the second connecting base lock each other, and when the second magnet and the third magnet are attracted to each other, the locking block is driven away from the second connecting base, so that the support portion and the second connecting base do not lock each other. 18. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 1, further comprising a stroke guide structure, having a limiting column and a fan-shaped guide groove, respectively disposed on a surface corresponding to the first connecting base and the second connecting base, wherein the limiting column slidably penetrates the fan-shaped guide groove, when the first connecting base and the second connecting base are aligned with each other, the limiting column abuts against a first end of the fan-shaped guide groove, and when the first connecting base and the second connecting base are separated from each other, the limiting column slides toward a second end of the fan-shaped guide groove. 19. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 1, wherein when the second screen is separated from the second connecting base, the first screen is suitable for sliding relative to the first connecting base to be clamped in the first connecting base and the second connecting base, so that two sides of the first screen are aligned with two sides of the host. 20. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 1, wherein when the second screen is separated from the second connecting base, an expansion member is suitable for being connected to the second screen, and the expansion member comprises a battery, a loudspeaker, or a support frame. 21. An electronic device with multi screens, comprising:
a host; a hinge module, pivotally connected to the host and rotating along a first axial direction; a first connecting base, fixed on a first side of the hinge module; a second connecting base, pivotally connected to a second side of the hinge module and rotating along a second axial direction parallel to the first axial direction, wherein the second connecting base is adjacent to the first connecting base; a first screen, slidably disposed in the first connecting base and the second connecting base and having a first display surface; and a second screen, detachably disposed in the second connecting base and having a second display surface, wherein the second connecting base is suitable for rotating relative to the hinge module to be aligned with the first connecting base, so that the first screen and the second screen are flush with each other, and the first display surface and the second display surface are located on a same plane. 22. The electronic device with multi screens according to claim 21, further comprising a plurality of positioning magnets, respectively disposed on two opposite sides of the first screen and the second screen, wherein the corresponding positioning magnets are magnetically attracted to each other. 23. An electronic device with multi screens, comprising:
a host; a hinge module, pivotally connected to the host and rotating along a first axial direction; a connecting base, fixed on the hinge module; a first screen, slidably disposed in the connecting base and having a first display surface; and a second screen, detachably disposed in the connecting base and having a second display surface, wherein the first screen and the second screen are flush with each other, and the first display surface and the second display surface are located on a same plane. | 3,600 |
340,903 | 16,801,158 | 3,646 | An imaging device further includes a correction gain calculating unit configured to calculate a first correction gain of a first partial image captured by the first imaging element and calculate a second correction gain of a second partial image captured by the second imaging element based on the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; a photographing processing unit configured to make an imaging element having a smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount image with an exposure amount of the imaging element and makes an imaging element having a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount image with the third exposure amount; and an image correction unit configured to correct the first partial image with the first correction gain and correct the second partial image with the second correction gain calculated by the correction gain calculating unit. | 1. An imaging device that connects partial images and forms and outputs a single image, the imaging device comprising:
a first imaging element that captures a first partial image; a second imaging element that captures a second partial image; and processing circuitry configured to
determine a first exposure amount that is a target exposure amount of the first imaging element;
determine a second exposure amount that is a target exposure amount of the second imaging element;
reduce the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount;
determine a third exposure amount having the reduced larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount;
calculate a first correction gain used to correct the first partial image and a second correction gain used to correct the second partial image based on the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount;
control an imaging element, having a smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture an image with the target exposure amount of the imaging element, the imaging element being one of the first imaging element and the second imaging element;
control another imaging element, having a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture another image with the third exposure amount, said another imaging element being the other of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; and
correct the first partial image with the first correction gain and correct the second partial image with the second correction gain. 2. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry determines the third exposure amount by reducing the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount to equal to or less than half of a difference between the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount while the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount is set to a lower limit. 3. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry determines the third exposure amount by reducing the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount to be the same as the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount. 4. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
the first partial image and the second partial image have circular shapes, a correction gain of the imaging element having the smaller one of first exposure amount and the second exposure amount gradually and concentrically increases from a center portion to a peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one, and a correction gain of the imaging element, having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, gradually and concentrically decreases from the center portion to the peripheral portion such that a luminance in the center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount is about the same as a luminance captured with the target exposure amount of the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, the correction gain being one of the first correction gain and the second correction gain. 5. The imaging device according to claim 4, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to
calculate, as the correction gain of the image element having the smaller one of first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, a first gain that gradually and concentrically increases from the center portion toward the peripheral portion of the partial image such that a luminance of the peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount is higher than a luminance in the center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one, by a half of a difference between a luminance captured with the first exposure amount and a luminance captured with the second exposure amount; and calculate, as the correction gain of the image element having the larger one of first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, a second gain that gradually and concentrically decreases from the center portion toward the peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount such that a luminance of the peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one is lower than a luminance in the center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one, by a half of a difference between a luminance captured with the first exposure amount and a luminance captured with the second exposure amount. 6. The imaging device according to claim 4, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to
calculate a first gain that concentrically increases toward the peripheral portion in proportion to a distance from a center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount as the correction gain of the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; and calculate a second gain that concentrically decreases toward the peripheral portion in proportion to the distance from the center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, as the correction gain of the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount. 7. The imaging device according to claim 4, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to
calculate a first gain that gently increases in vicinity of the center portion and significantly increases in the peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; and calculate a second gain that gently decreases in the vicinity of the center portion and significantly decreases in the peripheral of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount. 8. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to
set the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount as the third exposure amount, calculate a first gain that is not applied to the center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, and that gradually and concentrically increases from the center portion to the peripheral portion of the partial image, as the correction gain of the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; and calculate a second gain that is the largest gain applied to the center portion of a partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, and that gradually and concentrically decreases from the center portion to the peripheral portion of the partial image, as the correction gain of the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, the gain in the peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one being equal to the gain of the peripheral portion with the correction gain of the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount. 9. An information processing system that connects a plurality of partial images and forms and outputs a single image, the information processing system comprising:
a first imaging element that captures a first partial image; a second imaging element that captures a second partial image; and a first exposure amount calculating circuitry configured to determine a first exposure amount that is a target exposure amount of the first imaging element; a second exposure amount calculating circuitry configured to determine a second exposure amount that is a target exposure amount of the second imaging element; a third exposure amount determining circuitry configured to reduce the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount and determine a third exposure amount having the reduced larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; a correction gain calculating circuitry configured to calculate a first correction gain used to correct the first partial image and a second correction gain used to correct the second partial image based on the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; a photographing processing circuitry configured to
control an imaging element, having a smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture an image with the target exposure amount of the imaging element, the imaging element being one of the first imaging element and the second imaging element, and
control another imaging element, having a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture another image with the third exposure amount, said another imaging element being the other of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; and
an image correction circuitry configured to correct the first partial image with the first correction gain and correct the second partial image with the second correction gain. 10. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a program that causes an information processing device, that connects a plurality of partial images and forms and outputs a single image, to perform a process comprising:
capturing a first partial image; capturing a second partial image; determining a first exposure amount that is a target exposure amount at which the first partial image has been captured in the capturing; determining a second exposure amount that is a target exposure amount at which the second partial image has been captured in the capturing; reducing a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount to determine a third exposure amount having the reduced larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; calculating a first correction gain used to correct the first partial image and a second correction gain used to correct the second partial image, based on the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; controlling an imaging element, having a smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture an image with the target exposure amount of the imaging element, the imaging element being one of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; controlling another imaging element, having a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture another image with the third exposure amount, said another imaging element being the other of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; and correcting the first partial image with the first correction gain and the second partial image with the second correction gain. 11. An image processing method of an imaging device that connects a plurality of partial images and forms and output a single image, the method comprising:
capturing a first partial image; capturing a second partial image; determining a first exposure amount that is a target exposure amount at which the first partial image has been captured in the capturing; determining a second exposure amount that is a target exposure amount at which the second partial image has been captured in the capturing; reducing a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount to determine a third exposure amount having the reduced larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; calculating a first correction gain used to correct the first partial image and a second correction gain used to correct the second partial image, based on the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; controlling an imaging element, having a smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture an image with the target exposure amount of the imaging element, the imaging element being one of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; controlling another imaging element, having a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture another image with the third exposure amount, said another imaging element being the other of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; and correcting the first partial image with the first correction gain and the second partial image with the second correction gain. | An imaging device further includes a correction gain calculating unit configured to calculate a first correction gain of a first partial image captured by the first imaging element and calculate a second correction gain of a second partial image captured by the second imaging element based on the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; a photographing processing unit configured to make an imaging element having a smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount image with an exposure amount of the imaging element and makes an imaging element having a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount image with the third exposure amount; and an image correction unit configured to correct the first partial image with the first correction gain and correct the second partial image with the second correction gain calculated by the correction gain calculating unit.1. An imaging device that connects partial images and forms and outputs a single image, the imaging device comprising:
a first imaging element that captures a first partial image; a second imaging element that captures a second partial image; and processing circuitry configured to
determine a first exposure amount that is a target exposure amount of the first imaging element;
determine a second exposure amount that is a target exposure amount of the second imaging element;
reduce the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount;
determine a third exposure amount having the reduced larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount;
calculate a first correction gain used to correct the first partial image and a second correction gain used to correct the second partial image based on the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount;
control an imaging element, having a smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture an image with the target exposure amount of the imaging element, the imaging element being one of the first imaging element and the second imaging element;
control another imaging element, having a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture another image with the third exposure amount, said another imaging element being the other of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; and
correct the first partial image with the first correction gain and correct the second partial image with the second correction gain. 2. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry determines the third exposure amount by reducing the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount to equal to or less than half of a difference between the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount while the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount is set to a lower limit. 3. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry determines the third exposure amount by reducing the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount to be the same as the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount. 4. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
the first partial image and the second partial image have circular shapes, a correction gain of the imaging element having the smaller one of first exposure amount and the second exposure amount gradually and concentrically increases from a center portion to a peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one, and a correction gain of the imaging element, having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, gradually and concentrically decreases from the center portion to the peripheral portion such that a luminance in the center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount is about the same as a luminance captured with the target exposure amount of the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, the correction gain being one of the first correction gain and the second correction gain. 5. The imaging device according to claim 4, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to
calculate, as the correction gain of the image element having the smaller one of first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, a first gain that gradually and concentrically increases from the center portion toward the peripheral portion of the partial image such that a luminance of the peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount is higher than a luminance in the center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one, by a half of a difference between a luminance captured with the first exposure amount and a luminance captured with the second exposure amount; and calculate, as the correction gain of the image element having the larger one of first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, a second gain that gradually and concentrically decreases from the center portion toward the peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount such that a luminance of the peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one is lower than a luminance in the center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one, by a half of a difference between a luminance captured with the first exposure amount and a luminance captured with the second exposure amount. 6. The imaging device according to claim 4, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to
calculate a first gain that concentrically increases toward the peripheral portion in proportion to a distance from a center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount as the correction gain of the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; and calculate a second gain that concentrically decreases toward the peripheral portion in proportion to the distance from the center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, as the correction gain of the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount. 7. The imaging device according to claim 4, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to
calculate a first gain that gently increases in vicinity of the center portion and significantly increases in the peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; and calculate a second gain that gently decreases in the vicinity of the center portion and significantly decreases in the peripheral of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount. 8. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to
set the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount as the third exposure amount, calculate a first gain that is not applied to the center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, and that gradually and concentrically increases from the center portion to the peripheral portion of the partial image, as the correction gain of the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; and calculate a second gain that is the largest gain applied to the center portion of a partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, and that gradually and concentrically decreases from the center portion to the peripheral portion of the partial image, as the correction gain of the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, the gain in the peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one being equal to the gain of the peripheral portion with the correction gain of the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount. 9. An information processing system that connects a plurality of partial images and forms and outputs a single image, the information processing system comprising:
a first imaging element that captures a first partial image; a second imaging element that captures a second partial image; and a first exposure amount calculating circuitry configured to determine a first exposure amount that is a target exposure amount of the first imaging element; a second exposure amount calculating circuitry configured to determine a second exposure amount that is a target exposure amount of the second imaging element; a third exposure amount determining circuitry configured to reduce the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount and determine a third exposure amount having the reduced larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; a correction gain calculating circuitry configured to calculate a first correction gain used to correct the first partial image and a second correction gain used to correct the second partial image based on the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; a photographing processing circuitry configured to
control an imaging element, having a smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture an image with the target exposure amount of the imaging element, the imaging element being one of the first imaging element and the second imaging element, and
control another imaging element, having a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture another image with the third exposure amount, said another imaging element being the other of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; and
an image correction circuitry configured to correct the first partial image with the first correction gain and correct the second partial image with the second correction gain. 10. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a program that causes an information processing device, that connects a plurality of partial images and forms and outputs a single image, to perform a process comprising:
capturing a first partial image; capturing a second partial image; determining a first exposure amount that is a target exposure amount at which the first partial image has been captured in the capturing; determining a second exposure amount that is a target exposure amount at which the second partial image has been captured in the capturing; reducing a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount to determine a third exposure amount having the reduced larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; calculating a first correction gain used to correct the first partial image and a second correction gain used to correct the second partial image, based on the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; controlling an imaging element, having a smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture an image with the target exposure amount of the imaging element, the imaging element being one of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; controlling another imaging element, having a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture another image with the third exposure amount, said another imaging element being the other of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; and correcting the first partial image with the first correction gain and the second partial image with the second correction gain. 11. An image processing method of an imaging device that connects a plurality of partial images and forms and output a single image, the method comprising:
capturing a first partial image; capturing a second partial image; determining a first exposure amount that is a target exposure amount at which the first partial image has been captured in the capturing; determining a second exposure amount that is a target exposure amount at which the second partial image has been captured in the capturing; reducing a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount to determine a third exposure amount having the reduced larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; calculating a first correction gain used to correct the first partial image and a second correction gain used to correct the second partial image, based on the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; controlling an imaging element, having a smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture an image with the target exposure amount of the imaging element, the imaging element being one of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; controlling another imaging element, having a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture another image with the third exposure amount, said another imaging element being the other of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; and correcting the first partial image with the first correction gain and the second partial image with the second correction gain. | 3,600 |
340,904 | 16,801,161 | 3,656 | An imaging device further includes a correction gain calculating unit configured to calculate a first correction gain of a first partial image captured by the first imaging element and calculate a second correction gain of a second partial image captured by the second imaging element based on the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; a photographing processing unit configured to make an imaging element having a smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount image with an exposure amount of the imaging element and makes an imaging element having a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount image with the third exposure amount; and an image correction unit configured to correct the first partial image with the first correction gain and correct the second partial image with the second correction gain calculated by the correction gain calculating unit. | 1. An imaging device that connects partial images and forms and outputs a single image, the imaging device comprising:
a first imaging element that captures a first partial image; a second imaging element that captures a second partial image; and processing circuitry configured to
determine a first exposure amount that is a target exposure amount of the first imaging element;
determine a second exposure amount that is a target exposure amount of the second imaging element;
reduce the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount;
determine a third exposure amount having the reduced larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount;
calculate a first correction gain used to correct the first partial image and a second correction gain used to correct the second partial image based on the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount;
control an imaging element, having a smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture an image with the target exposure amount of the imaging element, the imaging element being one of the first imaging element and the second imaging element;
control another imaging element, having a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture another image with the third exposure amount, said another imaging element being the other of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; and
correct the first partial image with the first correction gain and correct the second partial image with the second correction gain. 2. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry determines the third exposure amount by reducing the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount to equal to or less than half of a difference between the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount while the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount is set to a lower limit. 3. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry determines the third exposure amount by reducing the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount to be the same as the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount. 4. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
the first partial image and the second partial image have circular shapes, a correction gain of the imaging element having the smaller one of first exposure amount and the second exposure amount gradually and concentrically increases from a center portion to a peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one, and a correction gain of the imaging element, having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, gradually and concentrically decreases from the center portion to the peripheral portion such that a luminance in the center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount is about the same as a luminance captured with the target exposure amount of the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, the correction gain being one of the first correction gain and the second correction gain. 5. The imaging device according to claim 4, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to
calculate, as the correction gain of the image element having the smaller one of first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, a first gain that gradually and concentrically increases from the center portion toward the peripheral portion of the partial image such that a luminance of the peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount is higher than a luminance in the center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one, by a half of a difference between a luminance captured with the first exposure amount and a luminance captured with the second exposure amount; and calculate, as the correction gain of the image element having the larger one of first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, a second gain that gradually and concentrically decreases from the center portion toward the peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount such that a luminance of the peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one is lower than a luminance in the center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one, by a half of a difference between a luminance captured with the first exposure amount and a luminance captured with the second exposure amount. 6. The imaging device according to claim 4, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to
calculate a first gain that concentrically increases toward the peripheral portion in proportion to a distance from a center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount as the correction gain of the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; and calculate a second gain that concentrically decreases toward the peripheral portion in proportion to the distance from the center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, as the correction gain of the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount. 7. The imaging device according to claim 4, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to
calculate a first gain that gently increases in vicinity of the center portion and significantly increases in the peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; and calculate a second gain that gently decreases in the vicinity of the center portion and significantly decreases in the peripheral of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount. 8. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to
set the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount as the third exposure amount, calculate a first gain that is not applied to the center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, and that gradually and concentrically increases from the center portion to the peripheral portion of the partial image, as the correction gain of the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; and calculate a second gain that is the largest gain applied to the center portion of a partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, and that gradually and concentrically decreases from the center portion to the peripheral portion of the partial image, as the correction gain of the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, the gain in the peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one being equal to the gain of the peripheral portion with the correction gain of the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount. 9. An information processing system that connects a plurality of partial images and forms and outputs a single image, the information processing system comprising:
a first imaging element that captures a first partial image; a second imaging element that captures a second partial image; and a first exposure amount calculating circuitry configured to determine a first exposure amount that is a target exposure amount of the first imaging element; a second exposure amount calculating circuitry configured to determine a second exposure amount that is a target exposure amount of the second imaging element; a third exposure amount determining circuitry configured to reduce the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount and determine a third exposure amount having the reduced larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; a correction gain calculating circuitry configured to calculate a first correction gain used to correct the first partial image and a second correction gain used to correct the second partial image based on the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; a photographing processing circuitry configured to
control an imaging element, having a smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture an image with the target exposure amount of the imaging element, the imaging element being one of the first imaging element and the second imaging element, and
control another imaging element, having a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture another image with the third exposure amount, said another imaging element being the other of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; and
an image correction circuitry configured to correct the first partial image with the first correction gain and correct the second partial image with the second correction gain. 10. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a program that causes an information processing device, that connects a plurality of partial images and forms and outputs a single image, to perform a process comprising:
capturing a first partial image; capturing a second partial image; determining a first exposure amount that is a target exposure amount at which the first partial image has been captured in the capturing; determining a second exposure amount that is a target exposure amount at which the second partial image has been captured in the capturing; reducing a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount to determine a third exposure amount having the reduced larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; calculating a first correction gain used to correct the first partial image and a second correction gain used to correct the second partial image, based on the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; controlling an imaging element, having a smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture an image with the target exposure amount of the imaging element, the imaging element being one of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; controlling another imaging element, having a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture another image with the third exposure amount, said another imaging element being the other of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; and correcting the first partial image with the first correction gain and the second partial image with the second correction gain. 11. An image processing method of an imaging device that connects a plurality of partial images and forms and output a single image, the method comprising:
capturing a first partial image; capturing a second partial image; determining a first exposure amount that is a target exposure amount at which the first partial image has been captured in the capturing; determining a second exposure amount that is a target exposure amount at which the second partial image has been captured in the capturing; reducing a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount to determine a third exposure amount having the reduced larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; calculating a first correction gain used to correct the first partial image and a second correction gain used to correct the second partial image, based on the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; controlling an imaging element, having a smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture an image with the target exposure amount of the imaging element, the imaging element being one of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; controlling another imaging element, having a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture another image with the third exposure amount, said another imaging element being the other of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; and correcting the first partial image with the first correction gain and the second partial image with the second correction gain. | An imaging device further includes a correction gain calculating unit configured to calculate a first correction gain of a first partial image captured by the first imaging element and calculate a second correction gain of a second partial image captured by the second imaging element based on the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; a photographing processing unit configured to make an imaging element having a smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount image with an exposure amount of the imaging element and makes an imaging element having a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount image with the third exposure amount; and an image correction unit configured to correct the first partial image with the first correction gain and correct the second partial image with the second correction gain calculated by the correction gain calculating unit.1. An imaging device that connects partial images and forms and outputs a single image, the imaging device comprising:
a first imaging element that captures a first partial image; a second imaging element that captures a second partial image; and processing circuitry configured to
determine a first exposure amount that is a target exposure amount of the first imaging element;
determine a second exposure amount that is a target exposure amount of the second imaging element;
reduce the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount;
determine a third exposure amount having the reduced larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount;
calculate a first correction gain used to correct the first partial image and a second correction gain used to correct the second partial image based on the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount;
control an imaging element, having a smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture an image with the target exposure amount of the imaging element, the imaging element being one of the first imaging element and the second imaging element;
control another imaging element, having a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture another image with the third exposure amount, said another imaging element being the other of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; and
correct the first partial image with the first correction gain and correct the second partial image with the second correction gain. 2. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry determines the third exposure amount by reducing the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount to equal to or less than half of a difference between the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount while the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount is set to a lower limit. 3. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry determines the third exposure amount by reducing the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount to be the same as the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount. 4. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein
the first partial image and the second partial image have circular shapes, a correction gain of the imaging element having the smaller one of first exposure amount and the second exposure amount gradually and concentrically increases from a center portion to a peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one, and a correction gain of the imaging element, having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, gradually and concentrically decreases from the center portion to the peripheral portion such that a luminance in the center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount is about the same as a luminance captured with the target exposure amount of the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, the correction gain being one of the first correction gain and the second correction gain. 5. The imaging device according to claim 4, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to
calculate, as the correction gain of the image element having the smaller one of first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, a first gain that gradually and concentrically increases from the center portion toward the peripheral portion of the partial image such that a luminance of the peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount is higher than a luminance in the center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one, by a half of a difference between a luminance captured with the first exposure amount and a luminance captured with the second exposure amount; and calculate, as the correction gain of the image element having the larger one of first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, a second gain that gradually and concentrically decreases from the center portion toward the peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount such that a luminance of the peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one is lower than a luminance in the center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one, by a half of a difference between a luminance captured with the first exposure amount and a luminance captured with the second exposure amount. 6. The imaging device according to claim 4, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to
calculate a first gain that concentrically increases toward the peripheral portion in proportion to a distance from a center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount as the correction gain of the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; and calculate a second gain that concentrically decreases toward the peripheral portion in proportion to the distance from the center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, as the correction gain of the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount. 7. The imaging device according to claim 4, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to
calculate a first gain that gently increases in vicinity of the center portion and significantly increases in the peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; and calculate a second gain that gently decreases in the vicinity of the center portion and significantly decreases in the peripheral of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount. 8. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to
set the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount as the third exposure amount, calculate a first gain that is not applied to the center portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, and that gradually and concentrically increases from the center portion to the peripheral portion of the partial image, as the correction gain of the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; and calculate a second gain that is the largest gain applied to the center portion of a partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, and that gradually and concentrically decreases from the center portion to the peripheral portion of the partial image, as the correction gain of the imaging element having the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, the gain in the peripheral portion of the partial image captured by the imaging element having the larger one being equal to the gain of the peripheral portion with the correction gain of the imaging element having the smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount. 9. An information processing system that connects a plurality of partial images and forms and outputs a single image, the information processing system comprising:
a first imaging element that captures a first partial image; a second imaging element that captures a second partial image; and a first exposure amount calculating circuitry configured to determine a first exposure amount that is a target exposure amount of the first imaging element; a second exposure amount calculating circuitry configured to determine a second exposure amount that is a target exposure amount of the second imaging element; a third exposure amount determining circuitry configured to reduce the larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount and determine a third exposure amount having the reduced larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; a correction gain calculating circuitry configured to calculate a first correction gain used to correct the first partial image and a second correction gain used to correct the second partial image based on the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; a photographing processing circuitry configured to
control an imaging element, having a smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture an image with the target exposure amount of the imaging element, the imaging element being one of the first imaging element and the second imaging element, and
control another imaging element, having a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture another image with the third exposure amount, said another imaging element being the other of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; and
an image correction circuitry configured to correct the first partial image with the first correction gain and correct the second partial image with the second correction gain. 10. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a program that causes an information processing device, that connects a plurality of partial images and forms and outputs a single image, to perform a process comprising:
capturing a first partial image; capturing a second partial image; determining a first exposure amount that is a target exposure amount at which the first partial image has been captured in the capturing; determining a second exposure amount that is a target exposure amount at which the second partial image has been captured in the capturing; reducing a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount to determine a third exposure amount having the reduced larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; calculating a first correction gain used to correct the first partial image and a second correction gain used to correct the second partial image, based on the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; controlling an imaging element, having a smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture an image with the target exposure amount of the imaging element, the imaging element being one of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; controlling another imaging element, having a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture another image with the third exposure amount, said another imaging element being the other of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; and correcting the first partial image with the first correction gain and the second partial image with the second correction gain. 11. An image processing method of an imaging device that connects a plurality of partial images and forms and output a single image, the method comprising:
capturing a first partial image; capturing a second partial image; determining a first exposure amount that is a target exposure amount at which the first partial image has been captured in the capturing; determining a second exposure amount that is a target exposure amount at which the second partial image has been captured in the capturing; reducing a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount to determine a third exposure amount having the reduced larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; calculating a first correction gain used to correct the first partial image and a second correction gain used to correct the second partial image, based on the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; controlling an imaging element, having a smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture an image with the target exposure amount of the imaging element, the imaging element being one of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; controlling another imaging element, having a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount, to capture another image with the third exposure amount, said another imaging element being the other of the first imaging element and the second imaging element; and correcting the first partial image with the first correction gain and the second partial image with the second correction gain. | 3,600 |
340,905 | 16,801,197 | 3,656 | Disclosed are various aspects of voice skill session lifetime management. In some examples, a session extension request is received. The session extension request extends a voice skill session of a voice-activated device. A personal client device is identified based on the session extension request. A command to emit an ultrasonic pulse is transmitted to the personal client device. | 1. A system, comprising:
at least one computing device comprising at least one processor; and at least one memory comprising executable instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one computing device to at least:
receive a session extension request to extend a voice skill session of a voice-activated device;
identify a personal client device based on the session extension request;
transmit, to a personal client device, a command to emit an ultrasonic pulse to extend the voice skill session of the voice-activated device;
receive, from the voice-activated device, a session extension code extracted from the ultrasonic pulse; and
perform an action based on a verification status of the session extension code. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the session extension request specifies the personal client device to extend the voice skill session. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the personal client device is identified further based on a user account that specifies the personal client device to extend the voice skill session. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the command to emit the ultrasonic pulse comprises the session extension code. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the session extension code is generated based on a shared secret that is shared between a workflow service and the personal client device. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the verification status is determined based on the session extension code extracted from the ultrasonic pulse and the shared secret. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the verification status is determined based on the session extension code extracted from the ultrasonic pulse and an expected session extension code. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising executable instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by at least one processor, cause at least one computing device to at least:
receive a session extension request to extend a voice skill session of a voice-activated device; identify a personal client device based on the session extension request; transmit, to a personal client device, a command to emit an ultrasonic pulse to extend the voice skill session of the voice-activated device; receive, from the voice-activated device, a session extension code extracted from the ultrasonic pulse; and perform an action based on a verification status of the session extension code. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the session extension request specifies the personal client device to extend the voice skill session. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the personal client device is identified further based on a user account that specifies the personal client device to extend the voice skill session. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the command to emit the ultrasonic pulse comprises the session extension code. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the session extension code is generated based on a shared secret that is shared between a workflow service and the personal client device. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the verification status is determined based on the session extension code extracted from the ultrasonic pulse and the shared secret. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the verification status is determined based on the session extension code extracted from the ultrasonic pulse and an expected session extension code. 15. A method performed by at least one computing device based on instructions executed by at least one processor of the at least one computing device, the method comprising:
receiving a session extension request to extend a voice skill session of a voice-activated device; identifying a personal client device based on the session extension request; transmitting, to a personal client device, a command to emit an ultrasonic pulse to extend the voice skill session of the voice-activated device; receiving, from the voice-activated device, a session extension code extracted from the ultrasonic pulse; and performing an action based on a verification status of the session extension code. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the session extension request specifies the personal client device to extend the voice skill session. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the personal client device is identified further based on a user account that specifies the personal client device to extend the voice skill session. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the command to emit the ultrasonic pulse comprises the session extension code. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the session extension code is generated based on a shared secret that is shared between a workflow service and the personal client device. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the verification status is determined based on the session extension code extracted from the ultrasonic pulse and the shared secret. | Disclosed are various aspects of voice skill session lifetime management. In some examples, a session extension request is received. The session extension request extends a voice skill session of a voice-activated device. A personal client device is identified based on the session extension request. A command to emit an ultrasonic pulse is transmitted to the personal client device.1. A system, comprising:
at least one computing device comprising at least one processor; and at least one memory comprising executable instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one computing device to at least:
receive a session extension request to extend a voice skill session of a voice-activated device;
identify a personal client device based on the session extension request;
transmit, to a personal client device, a command to emit an ultrasonic pulse to extend the voice skill session of the voice-activated device;
receive, from the voice-activated device, a session extension code extracted from the ultrasonic pulse; and
perform an action based on a verification status of the session extension code. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the session extension request specifies the personal client device to extend the voice skill session. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the personal client device is identified further based on a user account that specifies the personal client device to extend the voice skill session. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the command to emit the ultrasonic pulse comprises the session extension code. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the session extension code is generated based on a shared secret that is shared between a workflow service and the personal client device. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the verification status is determined based on the session extension code extracted from the ultrasonic pulse and the shared secret. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the verification status is determined based on the session extension code extracted from the ultrasonic pulse and an expected session extension code. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising executable instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by at least one processor, cause at least one computing device to at least:
receive a session extension request to extend a voice skill session of a voice-activated device; identify a personal client device based on the session extension request; transmit, to a personal client device, a command to emit an ultrasonic pulse to extend the voice skill session of the voice-activated device; receive, from the voice-activated device, a session extension code extracted from the ultrasonic pulse; and perform an action based on a verification status of the session extension code. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the session extension request specifies the personal client device to extend the voice skill session. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the personal client device is identified further based on a user account that specifies the personal client device to extend the voice skill session. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the command to emit the ultrasonic pulse comprises the session extension code. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the session extension code is generated based on a shared secret that is shared between a workflow service and the personal client device. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the verification status is determined based on the session extension code extracted from the ultrasonic pulse and the shared secret. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the verification status is determined based on the session extension code extracted from the ultrasonic pulse and an expected session extension code. 15. A method performed by at least one computing device based on instructions executed by at least one processor of the at least one computing device, the method comprising:
receiving a session extension request to extend a voice skill session of a voice-activated device; identifying a personal client device based on the session extension request; transmitting, to a personal client device, a command to emit an ultrasonic pulse to extend the voice skill session of the voice-activated device; receiving, from the voice-activated device, a session extension code extracted from the ultrasonic pulse; and performing an action based on a verification status of the session extension code. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the session extension request specifies the personal client device to extend the voice skill session. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the personal client device is identified further based on a user account that specifies the personal client device to extend the voice skill session. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the command to emit the ultrasonic pulse comprises the session extension code. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the session extension code is generated based on a shared secret that is shared between a workflow service and the personal client device. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the verification status is determined based on the session extension code extracted from the ultrasonic pulse and the shared secret. | 3,600 |
340,906 | 16,801,178 | 3,656 | A communication system comprising a first industrial machine and a second industrial machine, which are configured to communicate with each other, wherein the first industrial machine is configured to transmit a copy instruction to the second industrial machine, and wherein the second industrial machine is configured to: update data in a first storage area based on its own operation; copy the data in the first storage area to a second storage area when the copy instruction is received; and transmit the data in the second storage area to the first industrial machine. | 1. A communication system comprising a first industrial machine and a second industrial machine, which are configured to communicate with each other,
wherein the first industrial machine is configured to transmit a copy instruction to the second industrial machine, and wherein the second industrial machine is configured to:
update data in a first storage area based on its own operation;
copy the data in the first storage area to a second storage area when the copy instruction is received; and
transmit the data in the second storage area to the first industrial machine. 2. The communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the first industrial machine is configured to transmit a data request to the second industrial machine, and wherein the second industrial machine is configured to transmit the data in the second storage area when the data request is received. 3. The communication system according to claim 2, wherein the first industrial machine is configured to use asynchronous communication so as to transmit the data request to the second industrial machine. 4. The communication system according to claim 2, further comprising a third industrial machine configured to collect the data,
wherein the third industrial machine is configured to transmit the data request to the first industrial machine, wherein the first industrial machine is configured to transfer the data request received from the third industrial machine to the second industrial machine, and wherein the first industrial machine is configured to transfer the data received from the second industrial machine to the third industrial machine. 5. The communication system according to claim 4,
wherein the third industrial machine is configured to confirm whether the copy instruction has been transmitted by the copy instruction transmission module, and transmit the data request to the first industrial machine when it is confirmed that the copy instruction has been transmitted. 6. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the first industrial machine is configured to use synchronous communication to transmit the copy instruction to the second industrial machine. 7. The communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the second industrial machine has a sensor connected thereto, wherein the second industrial machine is configured to store a detection result obtained by the sensor in the first storage area, copy the detection result to the second storage area, and transmit the detection result stored in the second storage area. 8. The communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the second industrial machine is configured to:
generate trace data indicating its operation state;
transmit the trace data to the first industrial machine, and
transmit the data in the second storage area independently of the trace data. 9. The communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the first industrial machine is configured to determine whether a transmission timing to transmit the copy instruction, which is specified by a user, has arrived, and transmit the copy instruction to the second industrial machine when the transmission timing is determined to have arrived. 10. The communication system according to claim 1,
wherein each of the plurality of first storage areas and each of the plurality of second storage areas are associated with each other in the second industrial machine, wherein the second industrial machine is configured to update a piece of data in each of the plurality of first storage areas, copy the piece of data in each of the plurality of first storage areas to a corresponding one of the plurality of second storage areas that is associated with the each of the plurality of first storage areas, and transmit the piece of data in each of the plurality of second storage areas to the first industrial machine. 11. The communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the first storage area has a fixed state, in which a content of data is fixed, and an unfixed state, in which the content of the data is not fixed, wherein the communication system is configured to determine whether the first storage area is in the fixed state, and wherein the second industrial machine is configured to copy the data stored in the first storage area to the second storage area when the first storage area is determined to be in the fixed state. 12. The communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the second industrial machine is configured to copy the data stored in the first storage area to the plurality of second storage areas in time series, and transmit to the first industrial machine the data copied to the plurality of second storage areas in time series. 13. The communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the first industrial machine is a master machine, wherein the second industrial machine is a slave machine to be controlled by the master machine, wherein the master machine is configured to transmit the copy instruction to the slave machine, and transmit the data stored in the second storage area to the master machine. 14. A communication method, comprising:
transmitting a copy instruction to a second industrial machine configured to communicate with a first industrial machine; updating a first storage area based on an operation of the second industrial machine; copying the data in the first storage area to a second storage area when the copy instruction is received; and transmitting the data in the second storage area to the first industrial machine. 15. A non-transitory computer readable information storage medium storing a program for causing a second industrial machine, which is configured to communicate with a first industrial machine, to:
update data in a first storage area based on its own operation; copy the data in the first storage area to a second storage area when a copy instruction is received from the first industrial machine; and transmit the data in the second storage area to the first industrial machine. 16. The communication system according to claim 3, further comprising a third industrial machine configured to collect the data,
wherein the third industrial machine is configured to transmit the data request to the first industrial machine, wherein the first industrial machine is configured to transfer the data request received from the third industrial machine to the second industrial machine, and wherein the first industrial machine is configured to transfer the data received from the second industrial machine to the third industrial machine. 17. The communication system according to claim 2, wherein the first industrial machine is configured to use synchronous communication to transmit the copy instruction to the second industrial machine. 18. The communication system according to claim 4, wherein the first industrial machine is configured to use synchronous communication to transmit the copy instruction to the second industrial machine. 19. The communication system according to claim 5, wherein the first industrial machine is configured to use synchronous communication to transmit the copy instruction to the second industrial machine. 20. The communication system according to claim 2,
wherein the second industrial machine has a sensor connected thereto, wherein the second industrial machine is configured to store a detection result obtained by the sensor in the first storage area, copy the detection result to the second storage area, and transmit the detection result stored in the second storage area. | A communication system comprising a first industrial machine and a second industrial machine, which are configured to communicate with each other, wherein the first industrial machine is configured to transmit a copy instruction to the second industrial machine, and wherein the second industrial machine is configured to: update data in a first storage area based on its own operation; copy the data in the first storage area to a second storage area when the copy instruction is received; and transmit the data in the second storage area to the first industrial machine.1. A communication system comprising a first industrial machine and a second industrial machine, which are configured to communicate with each other,
wherein the first industrial machine is configured to transmit a copy instruction to the second industrial machine, and wherein the second industrial machine is configured to:
update data in a first storage area based on its own operation;
copy the data in the first storage area to a second storage area when the copy instruction is received; and
transmit the data in the second storage area to the first industrial machine. 2. The communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the first industrial machine is configured to transmit a data request to the second industrial machine, and wherein the second industrial machine is configured to transmit the data in the second storage area when the data request is received. 3. The communication system according to claim 2, wherein the first industrial machine is configured to use asynchronous communication so as to transmit the data request to the second industrial machine. 4. The communication system according to claim 2, further comprising a third industrial machine configured to collect the data,
wherein the third industrial machine is configured to transmit the data request to the first industrial machine, wherein the first industrial machine is configured to transfer the data request received from the third industrial machine to the second industrial machine, and wherein the first industrial machine is configured to transfer the data received from the second industrial machine to the third industrial machine. 5. The communication system according to claim 4,
wherein the third industrial machine is configured to confirm whether the copy instruction has been transmitted by the copy instruction transmission module, and transmit the data request to the first industrial machine when it is confirmed that the copy instruction has been transmitted. 6. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the first industrial machine is configured to use synchronous communication to transmit the copy instruction to the second industrial machine. 7. The communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the second industrial machine has a sensor connected thereto, wherein the second industrial machine is configured to store a detection result obtained by the sensor in the first storage area, copy the detection result to the second storage area, and transmit the detection result stored in the second storage area. 8. The communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the second industrial machine is configured to:
generate trace data indicating its operation state;
transmit the trace data to the first industrial machine, and
transmit the data in the second storage area independently of the trace data. 9. The communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the first industrial machine is configured to determine whether a transmission timing to transmit the copy instruction, which is specified by a user, has arrived, and transmit the copy instruction to the second industrial machine when the transmission timing is determined to have arrived. 10. The communication system according to claim 1,
wherein each of the plurality of first storage areas and each of the plurality of second storage areas are associated with each other in the second industrial machine, wherein the second industrial machine is configured to update a piece of data in each of the plurality of first storage areas, copy the piece of data in each of the plurality of first storage areas to a corresponding one of the plurality of second storage areas that is associated with the each of the plurality of first storage areas, and transmit the piece of data in each of the plurality of second storage areas to the first industrial machine. 11. The communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the first storage area has a fixed state, in which a content of data is fixed, and an unfixed state, in which the content of the data is not fixed, wherein the communication system is configured to determine whether the first storage area is in the fixed state, and wherein the second industrial machine is configured to copy the data stored in the first storage area to the second storage area when the first storage area is determined to be in the fixed state. 12. The communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the second industrial machine is configured to copy the data stored in the first storage area to the plurality of second storage areas in time series, and transmit to the first industrial machine the data copied to the plurality of second storage areas in time series. 13. The communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the first industrial machine is a master machine, wherein the second industrial machine is a slave machine to be controlled by the master machine, wherein the master machine is configured to transmit the copy instruction to the slave machine, and transmit the data stored in the second storage area to the master machine. 14. A communication method, comprising:
transmitting a copy instruction to a second industrial machine configured to communicate with a first industrial machine; updating a first storage area based on an operation of the second industrial machine; copying the data in the first storage area to a second storage area when the copy instruction is received; and transmitting the data in the second storage area to the first industrial machine. 15. A non-transitory computer readable information storage medium storing a program for causing a second industrial machine, which is configured to communicate with a first industrial machine, to:
update data in a first storage area based on its own operation; copy the data in the first storage area to a second storage area when a copy instruction is received from the first industrial machine; and transmit the data in the second storage area to the first industrial machine. 16. The communication system according to claim 3, further comprising a third industrial machine configured to collect the data,
wherein the third industrial machine is configured to transmit the data request to the first industrial machine, wherein the first industrial machine is configured to transfer the data request received from the third industrial machine to the second industrial machine, and wherein the first industrial machine is configured to transfer the data received from the second industrial machine to the third industrial machine. 17. The communication system according to claim 2, wherein the first industrial machine is configured to use synchronous communication to transmit the copy instruction to the second industrial machine. 18. The communication system according to claim 4, wherein the first industrial machine is configured to use synchronous communication to transmit the copy instruction to the second industrial machine. 19. The communication system according to claim 5, wherein the first industrial machine is configured to use synchronous communication to transmit the copy instruction to the second industrial machine. 20. The communication system according to claim 2,
wherein the second industrial machine has a sensor connected thereto, wherein the second industrial machine is configured to store a detection result obtained by the sensor in the first storage area, copy the detection result to the second storage area, and transmit the detection result stored in the second storage area. | 3,600 |
340,907 | 16,801,184 | 1,736 | The present invention is for an improved vertical flow reactor utility that makes the technology more attractive for industrial development. The various embodiments of the invention improve various aspects of a vertical flow reactor utility. For example, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the design of the reactor is improved. Other embodiments provide improved systems and methods for, for example, insertion of oxygen, electrical production, and/or reactor geometry. These one or more various embodiments of the present invention lowers costs to construct, install, and/or operate a vertical flow reactor by improving economy of construction and/or operation of VFR systems. | 1. A vertical flow reactor comprising:
a casing; an outer wall contained within the casing, the outer wall being partially above and partially below ground level of a bore hole in which the vertical flow reactor is contained; an annular space defined between the outer wall and the casing; a flow partition contained within the outer wall; a transport apparatus that directs pre-mixed waste and water feed components into the flow partition, the waste and water feed components flowing downward in the flow partition and exiting in the annular space outside of the flow partition, where the waste and water feed components flow upward; a compressor that introduces oxygen into the waste and water feed components at or near the top of the vertical flow reactor as small bubbles, the waste, water, and oxygen combination flowing downward within the flow partition such that, the waste, water, and oxygen is heated by heat transfer from liquid flowing upward in the annular space outside the flow partition. 2. The vertical flow reactor of claim 1 wherein the oxygen introduced as a volume is less than the waste and water feed components as a volume. 3. The vertical flow reactor of claim 1 wherein the oxygen is introduced in bubbles sufficiently small that rise rate of oxygen bubbles is slower than flow speed of the waste and water feed components. 4. The vertical flow reactor of claim 3 wherein the oxygen is introduced into the flowing stream through a venturi. 5. The vertical flow reactor of claim 3 wherein the oxygen is introduced into the flowing stream through a sparger. 6. The vertical flow reactor of claim 1 wherein the annular space contains a pressurizing liquid to add pressure between the outer wall and the casing. 7. The vertical flow reactor of claim 1 wherein the annular space contains a pressurizing liquid to add pressure between the outer wall and the casing sufficient to at least partially balance pressure inside the outer wall, whereby enabling reactor wall thickness to be reduced. 8. The vertical flow reactor of claim 7 wherein the pressurizing liquid is environmentally benign, thermally stable at a maximum temperature likely to be encountered within the annular space, and has a density similar to the density of the liquid within the vertical flow reactor. 9. The vertical flow reactor of claim 7 wherein the pressurizing liquid has a density higher than the density of the liquid within the vertical flow reactor to provide a better pressure balance. 10. The vertical flow reactor of claim 7 wherein the pressurizing liquid contains a stable suspension of a solid to provide different density and improve thermal conductivity. 11. The vertical flow reactor of claim 10 wherein the pressurizing liquid contains a stable suspension of “fumed silica” or “flowers of silica”. 12. The vertical flow reactor of claim 7 wherein the pressurizing liquid has an easily measurable property that differs from that of the liquid within the vertical flow reactor to facilitate detection of leaks. 13. The vertical flow reactor of claim 12 wherein the easily measurable property comprises electrical resistivity. 14. The vertical flow reactor of claim 7 wherein the pressure liquid comprises “Dowtherm A” heat transfer fluid. 15. The vertical flow reactor of claim 7 wherein the transport apparatus conducts the pre-mixed waste and water feed components into the flow partition at or near the upper portion of the vertical flow reactor. 16. The vertical flow reactor of claim 7 wherein the compressor introduces oxygen into the waste and water feed components at or near the upper portion of the vertical flow reactor as small bubbles. 17. The vertical flow reactor of claim 1 further comprising, at or about the bottom portion of the vertical flow reactor, the flow partition in contact with a material that reduces heat transfer property of the lower portion of the flow partition such that heat transfer is inhibited and temperature is higher over a portion of the flow path relative to the temperature in an absence of the material that reduces the heat transfer, the higher temperature maintaining a reaction rate higher relative to the reaction rate in an absence of the material that reduces the heat transfer, thereby causing more complete destruction of waste. 18. The vertical flow reactor of claim 1 further comprising, at or about the bottom portion of the vertical flow reactor, a lower portion of the flow partition is insulated to reduce heat transfer, thus causing more heat transfer to occur in the upper portion and providing more time for reaction at high temperature in the lower portion. 19. The vertical flow reactor of claim 18 wherein the lower portion of the flow partition is insulated with ceramic coatings on the flow partition to reduce heat transfer. 20. The vertical flow reactor of claim 18 wherein the lower portion of the flow partition is insulated by inserting an insulating cylinder within the flow partition. 21. The vertical flow reactor of claim 18 wherein the lower portion of the flow partition is insulated by using an insulating ceramic pipe as the flow partition. 22. The vertical flow reactor of claim 1 wherein the flow partition positioned in the center of the vertical flow reactor. 23. The vertical flow reactor of claim 1 defining a length to diameter ratio, the length to diameter ratio of the vertical flow reactor being between about 2600 and about 4000 to provide higher volume throughput and higher exit stream temperature. 24. The vertical flow reactor of claim 23 wherein the length to diameter ratio of the vertical flow reactor is between about 3100 and about 3500 to provide higher volume throughput and higher exit stream temperature. 25. The vertical flow reactor of claim 24 wherein the length to diameter ratio of the vertical flow reactor is about 3300 to provide higher volume throughput and higher exit stream temperature. 26. The vertical flow reactor of claim 1 wherein the vertical flow reactor defines an annular to center area ratio, the annular to center area ratio is between about 1.3 and about 2.4 to facilitate high destruction efficiency while maintaining a high level of pressure protection against boiling. 27. The vertical flow reactor of claim 26 wherein the annular to center area ratio is between about 1.6 and about 2.0 to facilitate high destruction efficiency while maintaining a high level of pressure protection against boiling. 28. The vertical flow reactor of claim 27 wherein the annular to center area ratio is about 1.8 to facilitate high destruction efficiency while maintaining a high level of pressure protection against boiling. 29-35. (canceled) | The present invention is for an improved vertical flow reactor utility that makes the technology more attractive for industrial development. The various embodiments of the invention improve various aspects of a vertical flow reactor utility. For example, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the design of the reactor is improved. Other embodiments provide improved systems and methods for, for example, insertion of oxygen, electrical production, and/or reactor geometry. These one or more various embodiments of the present invention lowers costs to construct, install, and/or operate a vertical flow reactor by improving economy of construction and/or operation of VFR systems.1. A vertical flow reactor comprising:
a casing; an outer wall contained within the casing, the outer wall being partially above and partially below ground level of a bore hole in which the vertical flow reactor is contained; an annular space defined between the outer wall and the casing; a flow partition contained within the outer wall; a transport apparatus that directs pre-mixed waste and water feed components into the flow partition, the waste and water feed components flowing downward in the flow partition and exiting in the annular space outside of the flow partition, where the waste and water feed components flow upward; a compressor that introduces oxygen into the waste and water feed components at or near the top of the vertical flow reactor as small bubbles, the waste, water, and oxygen combination flowing downward within the flow partition such that, the waste, water, and oxygen is heated by heat transfer from liquid flowing upward in the annular space outside the flow partition. 2. The vertical flow reactor of claim 1 wherein the oxygen introduced as a volume is less than the waste and water feed components as a volume. 3. The vertical flow reactor of claim 1 wherein the oxygen is introduced in bubbles sufficiently small that rise rate of oxygen bubbles is slower than flow speed of the waste and water feed components. 4. The vertical flow reactor of claim 3 wherein the oxygen is introduced into the flowing stream through a venturi. 5. The vertical flow reactor of claim 3 wherein the oxygen is introduced into the flowing stream through a sparger. 6. The vertical flow reactor of claim 1 wherein the annular space contains a pressurizing liquid to add pressure between the outer wall and the casing. 7. The vertical flow reactor of claim 1 wherein the annular space contains a pressurizing liquid to add pressure between the outer wall and the casing sufficient to at least partially balance pressure inside the outer wall, whereby enabling reactor wall thickness to be reduced. 8. The vertical flow reactor of claim 7 wherein the pressurizing liquid is environmentally benign, thermally stable at a maximum temperature likely to be encountered within the annular space, and has a density similar to the density of the liquid within the vertical flow reactor. 9. The vertical flow reactor of claim 7 wherein the pressurizing liquid has a density higher than the density of the liquid within the vertical flow reactor to provide a better pressure balance. 10. The vertical flow reactor of claim 7 wherein the pressurizing liquid contains a stable suspension of a solid to provide different density and improve thermal conductivity. 11. The vertical flow reactor of claim 10 wherein the pressurizing liquid contains a stable suspension of “fumed silica” or “flowers of silica”. 12. The vertical flow reactor of claim 7 wherein the pressurizing liquid has an easily measurable property that differs from that of the liquid within the vertical flow reactor to facilitate detection of leaks. 13. The vertical flow reactor of claim 12 wherein the easily measurable property comprises electrical resistivity. 14. The vertical flow reactor of claim 7 wherein the pressure liquid comprises “Dowtherm A” heat transfer fluid. 15. The vertical flow reactor of claim 7 wherein the transport apparatus conducts the pre-mixed waste and water feed components into the flow partition at or near the upper portion of the vertical flow reactor. 16. The vertical flow reactor of claim 7 wherein the compressor introduces oxygen into the waste and water feed components at or near the upper portion of the vertical flow reactor as small bubbles. 17. The vertical flow reactor of claim 1 further comprising, at or about the bottom portion of the vertical flow reactor, the flow partition in contact with a material that reduces heat transfer property of the lower portion of the flow partition such that heat transfer is inhibited and temperature is higher over a portion of the flow path relative to the temperature in an absence of the material that reduces the heat transfer, the higher temperature maintaining a reaction rate higher relative to the reaction rate in an absence of the material that reduces the heat transfer, thereby causing more complete destruction of waste. 18. The vertical flow reactor of claim 1 further comprising, at or about the bottom portion of the vertical flow reactor, a lower portion of the flow partition is insulated to reduce heat transfer, thus causing more heat transfer to occur in the upper portion and providing more time for reaction at high temperature in the lower portion. 19. The vertical flow reactor of claim 18 wherein the lower portion of the flow partition is insulated with ceramic coatings on the flow partition to reduce heat transfer. 20. The vertical flow reactor of claim 18 wherein the lower portion of the flow partition is insulated by inserting an insulating cylinder within the flow partition. 21. The vertical flow reactor of claim 18 wherein the lower portion of the flow partition is insulated by using an insulating ceramic pipe as the flow partition. 22. The vertical flow reactor of claim 1 wherein the flow partition positioned in the center of the vertical flow reactor. 23. The vertical flow reactor of claim 1 defining a length to diameter ratio, the length to diameter ratio of the vertical flow reactor being between about 2600 and about 4000 to provide higher volume throughput and higher exit stream temperature. 24. The vertical flow reactor of claim 23 wherein the length to diameter ratio of the vertical flow reactor is between about 3100 and about 3500 to provide higher volume throughput and higher exit stream temperature. 25. The vertical flow reactor of claim 24 wherein the length to diameter ratio of the vertical flow reactor is about 3300 to provide higher volume throughput and higher exit stream temperature. 26. The vertical flow reactor of claim 1 wherein the vertical flow reactor defines an annular to center area ratio, the annular to center area ratio is between about 1.3 and about 2.4 to facilitate high destruction efficiency while maintaining a high level of pressure protection against boiling. 27. The vertical flow reactor of claim 26 wherein the annular to center area ratio is between about 1.6 and about 2.0 to facilitate high destruction efficiency while maintaining a high level of pressure protection against boiling. 28. The vertical flow reactor of claim 27 wherein the annular to center area ratio is about 1.8 to facilitate high destruction efficiency while maintaining a high level of pressure protection against boiling. 29-35. (canceled) | 1,700 |
340,908 | 16,801,198 | 1,736 | A multifunctional device for the treatment of a patient's hair and skin which provides a tank 4 for the production of steam V inside a box-shaped body 2. | 1. A multifunctional device for the treatment of a patient's hair and skin of the type comprising:
a box-shaped body (2), having below a plurality of swivelling wheels (13) for favouring the movement of the device (1) and having above a command keypad (3) connected to a control and command board (15) of the device, internally comprising a tank (4) for the production of steam (V); heating means (5) placed inside the tank (4) for heating a volume of water (W) contained in the tank (4); dispensing means (6) comprising a first conduit (7) for dispensing steam (V) in fluid communication with the tank (4) and having an outlet mouth (8) for concentrating a flow of steam (V); characterized in that it comprises: a supply conduit (9) having a first end (9 a) in fluid communication with the tank (4) and a second end (9 b) in fluid communication with a water supply source, adapted to supply the tank (4) following a command of the keypad (3); filtering means (10) intercepting the supply conduit (9) to treat the incoming water, transforming it into demineralized water. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein said dispensing means comprises:
said first conduit (7) for dispensing steam (v); a second conduit (11) in fluid communication below with said tank (4) and connected above to a nebulizer (12) to allow the dispensing of cold atomized water (A). 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein said supply conduit (9) at the first end (9 a) and preferably near the tank (4) is irradiated by disinfectant means (14), preferably a UV lamp, to disinfect and ionize the steam (V) in input to the dispensing means (6). 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein said control and command board (15) has a logical counter adapted to measure the time of use of the filtering means (10); said board indicating to the user a state of wear of the filtering means (10) upon detection by the counter of a time of use of the filtering means (10) greater than a predetermined value. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein said command keypad (3) comprises:
a first plurality of keys (21) for the selection of programs for the treatment of hair and skin; a second plurality of keys (22) for varying the amount of steam (V) dispensed by the dispensing means (6); a third plurality of keys (23) to allow the automatic refilling of the tank (4) upon exceeding a minimum water level value in the tank; said automatic refilling being activated by the board (15). 6. The device according to claim 5, wherein said second plurality of keys (22) activates a heating element (16), placed inside the tank (4), varying the supply voltage and consequently the thermal power applied to allow an adjustment of the amount of steam (V) dispensed outside of the dispensing means (6). 7. The device according to claim 1, wherein said tank internally comprises:
a first sensor (17), preferably a thermostat, adapted to detect the rise in temperature inside the tank (4), and, as soon as a first threshold value is exceeded, to command the keypad (15) to activate a topping up of water to the tank (4), or signal, through suitable acoustic and/or visual indicators, having exceeded the minimum water volume level contained in the tank; a second sensor (18), preferably a thermostat, adapted to detect the rise in temperature inside the tank (4), and, as soon as a second threshold value is exceeded, to command the board (15) to activate a safety blockage of the device (1). 8. The device according to claim 7, wherein said second threshold value, detected by the second sensor (18), is greater than the first threshold value, detected by the second sensor (17). 9. A backwash chair unit of the type comprising:
a chair (P) for accommodating the patient in a suitable position to be subjected to a hair and skin treatment; a washbasin (L) within which the patient places his/her head to receive treatments; characterized in that it comprises a multifunctional device for the treatment of hair and skin as described in claim 1. 10. The chair according to claim 9, wherein said multifunctional device can be hydraulically connected to the water supply conduits of the chair and electrically connected to a power source belonging to the chair or the electrical mains of the beauty salon. 11. The chair according to claim 10, wherein said washbasin (L) provides on its top a hood, preferably in transparent polycarbonate, adapted to confine the volume of steam (V) and/or cold atomized water (A); said hood comprising a pair of lateral openings in order to facilitate the insertion of the operator's hands and allow skin massage and hair washing, and having a seat below to accommodate the dispensing means (6) so that the steam (V) and/or cold water (A) is dispensed inside a closed volume defined below by the washbasin (L) and above by the hood (C). | A multifunctional device for the treatment of a patient's hair and skin which provides a tank 4 for the production of steam V inside a box-shaped body 2.1. A multifunctional device for the treatment of a patient's hair and skin of the type comprising:
a box-shaped body (2), having below a plurality of swivelling wheels (13) for favouring the movement of the device (1) and having above a command keypad (3) connected to a control and command board (15) of the device, internally comprising a tank (4) for the production of steam (V); heating means (5) placed inside the tank (4) for heating a volume of water (W) contained in the tank (4); dispensing means (6) comprising a first conduit (7) for dispensing steam (V) in fluid communication with the tank (4) and having an outlet mouth (8) for concentrating a flow of steam (V); characterized in that it comprises: a supply conduit (9) having a first end (9 a) in fluid communication with the tank (4) and a second end (9 b) in fluid communication with a water supply source, adapted to supply the tank (4) following a command of the keypad (3); filtering means (10) intercepting the supply conduit (9) to treat the incoming water, transforming it into demineralized water. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein said dispensing means comprises:
said first conduit (7) for dispensing steam (v); a second conduit (11) in fluid communication below with said tank (4) and connected above to a nebulizer (12) to allow the dispensing of cold atomized water (A). 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein said supply conduit (9) at the first end (9 a) and preferably near the tank (4) is irradiated by disinfectant means (14), preferably a UV lamp, to disinfect and ionize the steam (V) in input to the dispensing means (6). 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein said control and command board (15) has a logical counter adapted to measure the time of use of the filtering means (10); said board indicating to the user a state of wear of the filtering means (10) upon detection by the counter of a time of use of the filtering means (10) greater than a predetermined value. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein said command keypad (3) comprises:
a first plurality of keys (21) for the selection of programs for the treatment of hair and skin; a second plurality of keys (22) for varying the amount of steam (V) dispensed by the dispensing means (6); a third plurality of keys (23) to allow the automatic refilling of the tank (4) upon exceeding a minimum water level value in the tank; said automatic refilling being activated by the board (15). 6. The device according to claim 5, wherein said second plurality of keys (22) activates a heating element (16), placed inside the tank (4), varying the supply voltage and consequently the thermal power applied to allow an adjustment of the amount of steam (V) dispensed outside of the dispensing means (6). 7. The device according to claim 1, wherein said tank internally comprises:
a first sensor (17), preferably a thermostat, adapted to detect the rise in temperature inside the tank (4), and, as soon as a first threshold value is exceeded, to command the keypad (15) to activate a topping up of water to the tank (4), or signal, through suitable acoustic and/or visual indicators, having exceeded the minimum water volume level contained in the tank; a second sensor (18), preferably a thermostat, adapted to detect the rise in temperature inside the tank (4), and, as soon as a second threshold value is exceeded, to command the board (15) to activate a safety blockage of the device (1). 8. The device according to claim 7, wherein said second threshold value, detected by the second sensor (18), is greater than the first threshold value, detected by the second sensor (17). 9. A backwash chair unit of the type comprising:
a chair (P) for accommodating the patient in a suitable position to be subjected to a hair and skin treatment; a washbasin (L) within which the patient places his/her head to receive treatments; characterized in that it comprises a multifunctional device for the treatment of hair and skin as described in claim 1. 10. The chair according to claim 9, wherein said multifunctional device can be hydraulically connected to the water supply conduits of the chair and electrically connected to a power source belonging to the chair or the electrical mains of the beauty salon. 11. The chair according to claim 10, wherein said washbasin (L) provides on its top a hood, preferably in transparent polycarbonate, adapted to confine the volume of steam (V) and/or cold atomized water (A); said hood comprising a pair of lateral openings in order to facilitate the insertion of the operator's hands and allow skin massage and hair washing, and having a seat below to accommodate the dispensing means (6) so that the steam (V) and/or cold water (A) is dispensed inside a closed volume defined below by the washbasin (L) and above by the hood (C). | 1,700 |
340,909 | 16,801,169 | 1,736 | A method machines or tests a blade for a turbomachine. The method includes: clamping the blade in a clamp such that a point contact or a line contact forms between the blade and the clamp as clamping partners. One of the clamping partners has a lower strength than the other clamping partner and plasticizes in the region of the point contact or the line contact. | 1. A method for machining or testing a blade for a turbomachine, the method comprising:
clamping the blade in a clamp such that a point contact or a line contact forms between the blade and the clamp as clamping partners, wherein one of the clamping partners has a lower strength than the other clamping partner and plasticizes in the region of the point contact or the line contact. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the clamp is the one of the clamping partners that has the lower strength. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the clamp is provided in such a way that the line contact forms between the blade and the clamp. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the blade is clamped in the clamp in such a way that the one of the clamping partners that has the lower strength plasticizes such that a homogeneous surface pressure is present over the entire line contact. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the clamp is pressed against the blade in a region of the point contact or the line contact exclusively with a normal force. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the blade is clamped in the clamp in such a way that the blade is held in the clamp in a kinematically defined manner while ignoring any tangential forces. 7. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the blade has a blade body and a blade root, which is provided with a tooth for insertion into a complementary receptacle in a disk, and wherein the blade is clamped in order to hold a blade joint. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the blade root is clamped in the clamp to such an extent that a region of the point contact or the line contact is formed both on a radially inward pointing flank of the tooth and a region of the point contact or the line contact is also formed on a radially outward pointing flank of the tooth. 9. The method according to claim 7,
wherein the blade root has an additional tooth circumferentially opposite the tooth, and wherein the blade joint is clamped in the clamp to such an extent that a region of the point contact or the line contact is formed both on a radially inward pointing flank of the additional tooth and a region of the point contact or the line contact is also formed on a radially outward pointing flank of the additional tooth. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the blade is separated from a disk having a plurality of blade bodies integrally provided thereon prior to holding in the clamp, the blade being a disk piece with a blade body thereon during holding. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the disc piece is clamped in order to hold the blade. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the clamp is provided such that the point contact is formed between the blade and the clamp. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the blade is a turbine blade. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the blade held in the clamp is tested, testing comprising subjecting the blade to a vibration load via the clamp. 15. (canceled) | A method machines or tests a blade for a turbomachine. The method includes: clamping the blade in a clamp such that a point contact or a line contact forms between the blade and the clamp as clamping partners. One of the clamping partners has a lower strength than the other clamping partner and plasticizes in the region of the point contact or the line contact.1. A method for machining or testing a blade for a turbomachine, the method comprising:
clamping the blade in a clamp such that a point contact or a line contact forms between the blade and the clamp as clamping partners, wherein one of the clamping partners has a lower strength than the other clamping partner and plasticizes in the region of the point contact or the line contact. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the clamp is the one of the clamping partners that has the lower strength. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the clamp is provided in such a way that the line contact forms between the blade and the clamp. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the blade is clamped in the clamp in such a way that the one of the clamping partners that has the lower strength plasticizes such that a homogeneous surface pressure is present over the entire line contact. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the clamp is pressed against the blade in a region of the point contact or the line contact exclusively with a normal force. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the blade is clamped in the clamp in such a way that the blade is held in the clamp in a kinematically defined manner while ignoring any tangential forces. 7. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the blade has a blade body and a blade root, which is provided with a tooth for insertion into a complementary receptacle in a disk, and wherein the blade is clamped in order to hold a blade joint. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the blade root is clamped in the clamp to such an extent that a region of the point contact or the line contact is formed both on a radially inward pointing flank of the tooth and a region of the point contact or the line contact is also formed on a radially outward pointing flank of the tooth. 9. The method according to claim 7,
wherein the blade root has an additional tooth circumferentially opposite the tooth, and wherein the blade joint is clamped in the clamp to such an extent that a region of the point contact or the line contact is formed both on a radially inward pointing flank of the additional tooth and a region of the point contact or the line contact is also formed on a radially outward pointing flank of the additional tooth. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the blade is separated from a disk having a plurality of blade bodies integrally provided thereon prior to holding in the clamp, the blade being a disk piece with a blade body thereon during holding. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the disc piece is clamped in order to hold the blade. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the clamp is provided such that the point contact is formed between the blade and the clamp. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the blade is a turbine blade. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the blade held in the clamp is tested, testing comprising subjecting the blade to a vibration load via the clamp. 15. (canceled) | 1,700 |
340,910 | 16,801,211 | 2,683 | Detector and method providing locating capabilities. A sound capture module of the detector captures sound in a vicinity of the detector and generates a digitalized captured sound based on the captured sound. The detector generates a digital sound message, including a unique identifier of the detector, from the digitalized captured sound. A wireless communication module of the detector wirelessly communicates the digital sound message with the unique identifier of the detector, to a monitoring station. The sound capture module comprises a digital microphone, or alternatively an analog microphone and an analog to digital converter. The detector also receives a remotely captured sound from another detector. The detector generates and wirelessly transmits a digital sound message based on the remotely captured sound to the monitoring station, or compares an amplitude of the remotely captured sound with an amplitude of a locally captured sound generated by the sound capture module. | 1. A detector comprising:
a sound capture module generating a digitalized captured sound, the sound capture module comprising a microphone for capturing sound in a vicinity of the detector, the digitalized captured sound being based on the sound captured by the microphone; a processor for receiving the digitalized captured sound and generating therefrom a digital sound message including a unique identifier of the detector; and a wireless communication module for wirelessly communicating the digital sound message with the unique identifier of the detector to a monitoring station. 2. The detector of claim 1, wherein the microphone consists of an analog microphone and the sound capture module further comprises an analog to digital converter for digitalizing the sound captured by the analog microphone into the digitalized captured sound. 3. The detector of claim 2, further receiving a captured sound in analog format from another detector via one of the wireless communication module or a data link connecting the detector to the other detector;
and wherein: the analog to digital converter digitalizes the captured sound received from the other detector; the processor receives the digitalized captured sound of the other detector and generates therefrom a digital sound message including a unique identifier of the other detector; and the wireless communication module wirelessly communicates the digital sound message with the unique identifier of the other detector to the monitoring station. 4. The detector of claim 2, further receiving a remotely captured sound in analog format from another detector via one of the wireless communication module or a data link connecting the detector to the other detector;
and wherein: the analog to digital converter further compares an amplitude of a locally captured sound received from the analog microphone to an amplitude of the remotely captured sound received from the other detector to identify the captured sound with the greatest amplitude; the processor receives from the analog to digital converter an identification of the captured sound with the greatest amplitude and generates a probable location message including a unique identifier of the detector which captured the sound having the greatest amplitude; and the wireless communication module wirelessly communicates the probable location message with the unique identifier of the detector which captured the sound having the greatest amplitude to the monitoring station. 5. The detector of claim 4, wherein the captured sound having the greatest amplitude is digitalized by the analog to digital converter and the resulting digitalized captured sound with the greatest amplitude is included by the processor to the probable location message. 6. The detector of claim 4, wherein the processor synchronizes capturing sound at the analog microphone and at the other detector. 7. The detector of claim 2, further receiving a remotely captured sound in analog format from another detector via one of the wireless communication module or a data link connecting the detector to the other detector;
and wherein: the analog to digital converter further measures an amplitude of a locally captured sound received from the analog microphone and an amplitude of the remotely captured sound received from the other detector, and reports the measured amplitude of the locally captured sound received from the analog microphone and the measured amplitude of the remotely captured sound received from the other detector to the processor; the processor receives the measured amplitude of the locally captured sound received from the analog microphone and the measured amplitude of the remotely captured sound received from the other detector, and determines therefrom the captured sound with the greatest amplitude, the processor further generating a probable location message including a unique identifier of the detector which captured the sound having the greatest amplitude; and the wireless communication module wirelessly communicates the probable location message with the unique identifier of the detector which captured the sound having the greatest amplitude to the monitoring station. 8. The detector of claim 7, wherein the analog to digital converter digitalizes the captured sound having the greatest amplitude and the resulting digitalized captured sound with the greatest amplitude is included by the processor to the probable location message. 9. The detector of claim 7, wherein the processor synchronizes capturing sound at the analog microphone and at the other detector. 10. The detector of claim 1, wherein the microphone consists of a digital microphone and the digital microphone digitalizes the sound captured by the digital microphone into the digitalized captured sound. 11. The detector of claim 1, further receiving a digitalized captured sound from another detector via one of the wireless communication module or a data link connecting the detector to the other detector;
and wherein: the processor receives the digitalized captured sound of the other detector and generates therefrom a digital sound message including a unique identifier of the other detector; and the wireless communication module wirelessly communicates the digital sound message with the unique identifier of the other detector to the monitoring station. 12. The detector of claim 1, further receiving a remotely digitalized captured sound from another detector via one of the wireless communication module or a data link connecting the detector to the other detector;
and wherein: the processor further compares an amplitude of a locally digitalized captured sound generated by the sound capture module to an amplitude of the remotely digitalized captured sound of the other detector to identify the digitalized captured sound with the greatest amplitude; the processor generates a probable location message including a unique identifier of the detector which captured the sound having the greatest amplitude; and the wireless communication module wirelessly communicates the probable location message with the unique identifier of the detector which captured the sound having the greatest amplitude to the monitoring station. 13. The detector of claim 12, wherein the digitalized captured sound with the greatest amplitude is included by the processor to the probable location message. 14. The detector of claim 12, wherein the processor synchronizes capturing sound at the sound capture module and at the other detector. 15. The detector of claim 1, wherein the processor analyzes the digitalized captured sound and verifies whether the digitalized captured sound corresponds to voice; and when the digitalized captured sound corresponds to voice, the processor includes an indication in the digital sound message that sound corresponding to voice has been captured by the detector. 16. The detector of claim 1, wherein the detector further comprises:
an interaction module for allowing the monitoring station to communicate with a victim in the vicinity of the detector. 17. The detector of claim 16, wherein:
the interaction module comprises a speaker, and the wireless communication module receives from the monitoring station an audio message to be played by the speaker. 18. The detector of claim 16, wherein the interaction module comprises an audible interaction module and a visual interaction module, and the monitoring station interacts with the victim using at least one of the audible interaction module and visual interaction module. 19. The detector of claim 1, wherein the detector further comprises at least one of a smoke detection sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor and a temperature sensor, the at least one smoke detection sensor, carbon monoxide sensor and temperature sensor generating a detected measure to be included by the processor to the digital sound message wirelessly communicated to the monitoring station by the wireless communication module. 20. The detector of claim 1, wherein:
the wireless communication module comprises a cellular module; the detector has a unique identifier, the unique identifier is one of: an 8-digit Device ID, an IPv6 address, and a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card number; and the wireless communication module wirelessly communicates with the monitoring station using one of the following standards: GSM, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, or LTE. 21. The detector of claim 20, further comprising:
a memory for storing a first monitoring station address for the monitoring station; and wherein: the cellular module communicates with the monitoring station using the first monitoring station address. 22. The detector of claim 21, wherein:
the memory further stores a second monitoring station address for the monitoring station; the cellular module communicates with the monitoring station using the second monitoring station address when a communication with the monitoring station using the first monitoring station address is not established; and the cellular module reports to the processor that the communication using the first monitoring station address for the monitoring station is not established. 23. The detector of claim 1, wherein:
the wireless communication module comprises a Wi-Fi module; the detector has a unique identifier, the unique identifier is one of: an 8-digit Device ID and an IPv6 address; the detector further comprises a memory for storing an IP address for the monitoring station; and the wireless communication module wirelessly communicates with the monitoring station using one of the following protocols: IPv4, IPv6, a monitoring station standard protocol, an Ethernet protocol or a proprietary protocol. 24. The detector of claim 1, wherein the detector communicates with both a local monitoring station and a remote monitoring station. 25. A method for providing locating capabilities to a detector, the method comprising:
capturing sound in a vicinity of the detector by a sound capture module of the detector; generating by the sound capture module a digitalized captured sound based on the captured sound; generating by a processor of the detector a digital sound message from the digitalized captured sound, the digital sound message including a unique identifier of the detector; and wirelessly communicating by a wireless communication module of the detector the digital sound message with the unique identifier of the detector to a monitoring station. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
receiving a captured sound from another detector via one of the wireless communication module or a data link connecting the detector to the other detector, the captured sound from the other detector consisting of a digitalized captured sound of the other detector or the captured sound from the other detector being digitalized by an analog to digital converter of the detector into the digitalized captured sound of the other detector; generating by the processor a digital sound message from the digitalized captured sound of the other detector, the digital sound message including a unique identifier of the other detector; and wirelessly communicating by the wireless communication module the digital sound message with the unique identifier of the other detector to the monitoring station. 27. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
receiving a remotely captured sound from another detector via one of the wireless communication module or a data link connecting the detector to the other detector; comparing an amplitude of a locally captured sound generated by the sound capture module to an amplitude of the remotely captured sound of the other detector to identify the captured sound with the greatest amplitude; generating by the processor a probable location message including a unique identifier of the detector which captured the sound having the greatest amplitude; and wirelessly communicating by the wireless communication module the probable location message with the unique identifier of the detector which captured the sound having the greatest amplitude to the monitoring station. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the captured sound with the greatest amplitude consists of a digitalized captured sound with the greatest amplitude or the captured sound with the greatest amplitude is digitalized by an analog to digital converter of the detector into the digitalized captured sound with the greatest amplitude, and the digitalized captured sound with the greatest amplitude is included by the processor to the probable location message. 29. The method of claim 27, further comprising synchronizing by the processor capturing sound at the sound capture module of the detector and at the other detector. | Detector and method providing locating capabilities. A sound capture module of the detector captures sound in a vicinity of the detector and generates a digitalized captured sound based on the captured sound. The detector generates a digital sound message, including a unique identifier of the detector, from the digitalized captured sound. A wireless communication module of the detector wirelessly communicates the digital sound message with the unique identifier of the detector, to a monitoring station. The sound capture module comprises a digital microphone, or alternatively an analog microphone and an analog to digital converter. The detector also receives a remotely captured sound from another detector. The detector generates and wirelessly transmits a digital sound message based on the remotely captured sound to the monitoring station, or compares an amplitude of the remotely captured sound with an amplitude of a locally captured sound generated by the sound capture module.1. A detector comprising:
a sound capture module generating a digitalized captured sound, the sound capture module comprising a microphone for capturing sound in a vicinity of the detector, the digitalized captured sound being based on the sound captured by the microphone; a processor for receiving the digitalized captured sound and generating therefrom a digital sound message including a unique identifier of the detector; and a wireless communication module for wirelessly communicating the digital sound message with the unique identifier of the detector to a monitoring station. 2. The detector of claim 1, wherein the microphone consists of an analog microphone and the sound capture module further comprises an analog to digital converter for digitalizing the sound captured by the analog microphone into the digitalized captured sound. 3. The detector of claim 2, further receiving a captured sound in analog format from another detector via one of the wireless communication module or a data link connecting the detector to the other detector;
and wherein: the analog to digital converter digitalizes the captured sound received from the other detector; the processor receives the digitalized captured sound of the other detector and generates therefrom a digital sound message including a unique identifier of the other detector; and the wireless communication module wirelessly communicates the digital sound message with the unique identifier of the other detector to the monitoring station. 4. The detector of claim 2, further receiving a remotely captured sound in analog format from another detector via one of the wireless communication module or a data link connecting the detector to the other detector;
and wherein: the analog to digital converter further compares an amplitude of a locally captured sound received from the analog microphone to an amplitude of the remotely captured sound received from the other detector to identify the captured sound with the greatest amplitude; the processor receives from the analog to digital converter an identification of the captured sound with the greatest amplitude and generates a probable location message including a unique identifier of the detector which captured the sound having the greatest amplitude; and the wireless communication module wirelessly communicates the probable location message with the unique identifier of the detector which captured the sound having the greatest amplitude to the monitoring station. 5. The detector of claim 4, wherein the captured sound having the greatest amplitude is digitalized by the analog to digital converter and the resulting digitalized captured sound with the greatest amplitude is included by the processor to the probable location message. 6. The detector of claim 4, wherein the processor synchronizes capturing sound at the analog microphone and at the other detector. 7. The detector of claim 2, further receiving a remotely captured sound in analog format from another detector via one of the wireless communication module or a data link connecting the detector to the other detector;
and wherein: the analog to digital converter further measures an amplitude of a locally captured sound received from the analog microphone and an amplitude of the remotely captured sound received from the other detector, and reports the measured amplitude of the locally captured sound received from the analog microphone and the measured amplitude of the remotely captured sound received from the other detector to the processor; the processor receives the measured amplitude of the locally captured sound received from the analog microphone and the measured amplitude of the remotely captured sound received from the other detector, and determines therefrom the captured sound with the greatest amplitude, the processor further generating a probable location message including a unique identifier of the detector which captured the sound having the greatest amplitude; and the wireless communication module wirelessly communicates the probable location message with the unique identifier of the detector which captured the sound having the greatest amplitude to the monitoring station. 8. The detector of claim 7, wherein the analog to digital converter digitalizes the captured sound having the greatest amplitude and the resulting digitalized captured sound with the greatest amplitude is included by the processor to the probable location message. 9. The detector of claim 7, wherein the processor synchronizes capturing sound at the analog microphone and at the other detector. 10. The detector of claim 1, wherein the microphone consists of a digital microphone and the digital microphone digitalizes the sound captured by the digital microphone into the digitalized captured sound. 11. The detector of claim 1, further receiving a digitalized captured sound from another detector via one of the wireless communication module or a data link connecting the detector to the other detector;
and wherein: the processor receives the digitalized captured sound of the other detector and generates therefrom a digital sound message including a unique identifier of the other detector; and the wireless communication module wirelessly communicates the digital sound message with the unique identifier of the other detector to the monitoring station. 12. The detector of claim 1, further receiving a remotely digitalized captured sound from another detector via one of the wireless communication module or a data link connecting the detector to the other detector;
and wherein: the processor further compares an amplitude of a locally digitalized captured sound generated by the sound capture module to an amplitude of the remotely digitalized captured sound of the other detector to identify the digitalized captured sound with the greatest amplitude; the processor generates a probable location message including a unique identifier of the detector which captured the sound having the greatest amplitude; and the wireless communication module wirelessly communicates the probable location message with the unique identifier of the detector which captured the sound having the greatest amplitude to the monitoring station. 13. The detector of claim 12, wherein the digitalized captured sound with the greatest amplitude is included by the processor to the probable location message. 14. The detector of claim 12, wherein the processor synchronizes capturing sound at the sound capture module and at the other detector. 15. The detector of claim 1, wherein the processor analyzes the digitalized captured sound and verifies whether the digitalized captured sound corresponds to voice; and when the digitalized captured sound corresponds to voice, the processor includes an indication in the digital sound message that sound corresponding to voice has been captured by the detector. 16. The detector of claim 1, wherein the detector further comprises:
an interaction module for allowing the monitoring station to communicate with a victim in the vicinity of the detector. 17. The detector of claim 16, wherein:
the interaction module comprises a speaker, and the wireless communication module receives from the monitoring station an audio message to be played by the speaker. 18. The detector of claim 16, wherein the interaction module comprises an audible interaction module and a visual interaction module, and the monitoring station interacts with the victim using at least one of the audible interaction module and visual interaction module. 19. The detector of claim 1, wherein the detector further comprises at least one of a smoke detection sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor and a temperature sensor, the at least one smoke detection sensor, carbon monoxide sensor and temperature sensor generating a detected measure to be included by the processor to the digital sound message wirelessly communicated to the monitoring station by the wireless communication module. 20. The detector of claim 1, wherein:
the wireless communication module comprises a cellular module; the detector has a unique identifier, the unique identifier is one of: an 8-digit Device ID, an IPv6 address, and a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card number; and the wireless communication module wirelessly communicates with the monitoring station using one of the following standards: GSM, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, or LTE. 21. The detector of claim 20, further comprising:
a memory for storing a first monitoring station address for the monitoring station; and wherein: the cellular module communicates with the monitoring station using the first monitoring station address. 22. The detector of claim 21, wherein:
the memory further stores a second monitoring station address for the monitoring station; the cellular module communicates with the monitoring station using the second monitoring station address when a communication with the monitoring station using the first monitoring station address is not established; and the cellular module reports to the processor that the communication using the first monitoring station address for the monitoring station is not established. 23. The detector of claim 1, wherein:
the wireless communication module comprises a Wi-Fi module; the detector has a unique identifier, the unique identifier is one of: an 8-digit Device ID and an IPv6 address; the detector further comprises a memory for storing an IP address for the monitoring station; and the wireless communication module wirelessly communicates with the monitoring station using one of the following protocols: IPv4, IPv6, a monitoring station standard protocol, an Ethernet protocol or a proprietary protocol. 24. The detector of claim 1, wherein the detector communicates with both a local monitoring station and a remote monitoring station. 25. A method for providing locating capabilities to a detector, the method comprising:
capturing sound in a vicinity of the detector by a sound capture module of the detector; generating by the sound capture module a digitalized captured sound based on the captured sound; generating by a processor of the detector a digital sound message from the digitalized captured sound, the digital sound message including a unique identifier of the detector; and wirelessly communicating by a wireless communication module of the detector the digital sound message with the unique identifier of the detector to a monitoring station. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
receiving a captured sound from another detector via one of the wireless communication module or a data link connecting the detector to the other detector, the captured sound from the other detector consisting of a digitalized captured sound of the other detector or the captured sound from the other detector being digitalized by an analog to digital converter of the detector into the digitalized captured sound of the other detector; generating by the processor a digital sound message from the digitalized captured sound of the other detector, the digital sound message including a unique identifier of the other detector; and wirelessly communicating by the wireless communication module the digital sound message with the unique identifier of the other detector to the monitoring station. 27. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
receiving a remotely captured sound from another detector via one of the wireless communication module or a data link connecting the detector to the other detector; comparing an amplitude of a locally captured sound generated by the sound capture module to an amplitude of the remotely captured sound of the other detector to identify the captured sound with the greatest amplitude; generating by the processor a probable location message including a unique identifier of the detector which captured the sound having the greatest amplitude; and wirelessly communicating by the wireless communication module the probable location message with the unique identifier of the detector which captured the sound having the greatest amplitude to the monitoring station. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the captured sound with the greatest amplitude consists of a digitalized captured sound with the greatest amplitude or the captured sound with the greatest amplitude is digitalized by an analog to digital converter of the detector into the digitalized captured sound with the greatest amplitude, and the digitalized captured sound with the greatest amplitude is included by the processor to the probable location message. 29. The method of claim 27, further comprising synchronizing by the processor capturing sound at the sound capture module of the detector and at the other detector. | 2,600 |
340,911 | 16,801,173 | 2,683 | Embodiments may provide techniques that that may automatically generate a customized SOC rule set for an organization. For example, in an embodiment, a method may be implemented in a computer comprising a processor, memory accessible by the processor, and computer program instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor, the method may comprise simulating operation of a security incident and event management system by running a plurality of rules of the system on labeled data, determining fitness metrics of the plurality of rules, selecting at least one rule of the plurality of rules based on the determined fitness metrics; modifying the selected rule to form an updated rule, and repeating running the updated rule on the labeled data, determining fitness metrics of the updated rule, and mutating the updated rule. | 1. A method, implemented in a computer comprising a processor, memory accessible by the processor, and computer program instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor, the method comprising:
simulating operation of a security incident and event management system by running a plurality of rules of the system on labeled data; determining fitness metrics of the plurality of rules; selecting at least one rule of the plurality of rules based on the determined fitness metrics; modifying the selected rule to form an updated rule; and repeating running the updated rule on the labeled data, determining fitness metrics of the updated rule, and mutating the updated rule. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of rules of the system comprise one of:
default rules, given rules, or current rules. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the labeled data comprises at least some data labeled as benign and at least some data labeled as malicious. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the labeled data comprises at least one of: data relating to security devices, data relating to servers and host systems, network and virtual activity data, database activity data, application activity, configuration data, vulnerability data, user activity data, and threat data. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the fitness metrics comprise at least one of: a deviation, a coverage, and a simplicity of the rules. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein modifying the selected rule comprises at least one of: mutating the rule using numeric mutations, predefined mutations, or both, semantic mutations, harvesting of IP addresses, and crossover. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising at least one of: performing rule minimization comprising deleting rules that cover malicious events that are already covered by other rules, rule prioritization comprising prioritizing rules that cover more malicious events and/or fewer benign events, and defining rules to control the response to detected conditions comprising providing configuration of rules to block activity without reducing availability. 8. A system comprising a processor, memory accessible by the processor, and computer program instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to perform:
simulating operation of a security incident and event management system by running a plurality of rules of the system on labeled data; determining fitness metrics of the plurality of rules; selecting at least one rule of the plurality of rules based on the determined fitness metrics; modifying the selected rule to form an updated rule; and repeating running the updated rule on the labeled data, determining fitness metrics of the updated rule, and mutating the updated rule. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the plurality of rules of the system comprise one of: default rules, given rules, or current rules. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the labeled data comprises at least some data labeled as benign and at least some data labeled as malicious. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the labeled data comprises at least one of: data relating to security devices, data relating to servers and host systems, network and virtual activity data, database activity data, application activity, configuration data, vulnerability data, user activity data, and threat data. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the fitness metrics comprise at least one of: a deviation, a coverage, and a simplicity of the rules. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein modifying the selected rule comprises at least one of: mutating the rule using numeric mutations, predefined mutations, or both, semantic mutations, harvesting of IP addresses, and crossover. 14. The system of claim 8, further comprising at least one of: performing rule minimization comprising deleting rules that cover malicious events that are already covered by other rules, rule prioritization comprising prioritizing rules that cover more malicious events and/or fewer benign events, and defining rules to control the response to detected conditions comprising providing configuration of rules to block activity without reducing availability. 15. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computer, to cause the computer to perform a method comprising:
simulating operation of a security incident and event management system by running a plurality of rules of the system on labeled data; determining fitness metrics of the plurality of rules; selecting at least one rule of the plurality of rules based on the determined fitness metrics; modifying the selected rule to form an updated rule; and repeating running the updated rule on the labeled data, determining fitness metrics of the updated rule, and mutating the updated rule. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the plurality of rules of the system comprise one of: default rules, given rules, or current rules. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the labeled data includes at least some data labeled as benign and at least some data labeled as malicious and wherein the labeled data comprises at least one of: data relating to security devices, data relating to servers and host systems, network and virtual activity data, database activity data, application activity, configuration data, vulnerability data, user activity data, and threat data. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the fitness metrics comprise at least one of: a deviation, a coverage, and a simplicity of the rules. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein modifying the selected rule comprises at least one of: mutating the rule using numeric mutations, predefined mutations, or both, semantic mutations, harvesting of IP addresses, and crossover. 20. The computer program product of claim 1, further comprising at least one of: performing rule minimization comprising deleting rules that cover malicious events that are already covered by other rules, rule prioritization comprising prioritizing rules that cover more malicious events and/or fewer benign events, and defining rules to control the response to detected conditions comprising providing configuration of rules to block activity without reducing availability. | Embodiments may provide techniques that that may automatically generate a customized SOC rule set for an organization. For example, in an embodiment, a method may be implemented in a computer comprising a processor, memory accessible by the processor, and computer program instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor, the method may comprise simulating operation of a security incident and event management system by running a plurality of rules of the system on labeled data, determining fitness metrics of the plurality of rules, selecting at least one rule of the plurality of rules based on the determined fitness metrics; modifying the selected rule to form an updated rule, and repeating running the updated rule on the labeled data, determining fitness metrics of the updated rule, and mutating the updated rule.1. A method, implemented in a computer comprising a processor, memory accessible by the processor, and computer program instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor, the method comprising:
simulating operation of a security incident and event management system by running a plurality of rules of the system on labeled data; determining fitness metrics of the plurality of rules; selecting at least one rule of the plurality of rules based on the determined fitness metrics; modifying the selected rule to form an updated rule; and repeating running the updated rule on the labeled data, determining fitness metrics of the updated rule, and mutating the updated rule. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of rules of the system comprise one of:
default rules, given rules, or current rules. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the labeled data comprises at least some data labeled as benign and at least some data labeled as malicious. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the labeled data comprises at least one of: data relating to security devices, data relating to servers and host systems, network and virtual activity data, database activity data, application activity, configuration data, vulnerability data, user activity data, and threat data. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the fitness metrics comprise at least one of: a deviation, a coverage, and a simplicity of the rules. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein modifying the selected rule comprises at least one of: mutating the rule using numeric mutations, predefined mutations, or both, semantic mutations, harvesting of IP addresses, and crossover. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising at least one of: performing rule minimization comprising deleting rules that cover malicious events that are already covered by other rules, rule prioritization comprising prioritizing rules that cover more malicious events and/or fewer benign events, and defining rules to control the response to detected conditions comprising providing configuration of rules to block activity without reducing availability. 8. A system comprising a processor, memory accessible by the processor, and computer program instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to perform:
simulating operation of a security incident and event management system by running a plurality of rules of the system on labeled data; determining fitness metrics of the plurality of rules; selecting at least one rule of the plurality of rules based on the determined fitness metrics; modifying the selected rule to form an updated rule; and repeating running the updated rule on the labeled data, determining fitness metrics of the updated rule, and mutating the updated rule. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the plurality of rules of the system comprise one of: default rules, given rules, or current rules. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the labeled data comprises at least some data labeled as benign and at least some data labeled as malicious. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the labeled data comprises at least one of: data relating to security devices, data relating to servers and host systems, network and virtual activity data, database activity data, application activity, configuration data, vulnerability data, user activity data, and threat data. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the fitness metrics comprise at least one of: a deviation, a coverage, and a simplicity of the rules. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein modifying the selected rule comprises at least one of: mutating the rule using numeric mutations, predefined mutations, or both, semantic mutations, harvesting of IP addresses, and crossover. 14. The system of claim 8, further comprising at least one of: performing rule minimization comprising deleting rules that cover malicious events that are already covered by other rules, rule prioritization comprising prioritizing rules that cover more malicious events and/or fewer benign events, and defining rules to control the response to detected conditions comprising providing configuration of rules to block activity without reducing availability. 15. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computer, to cause the computer to perform a method comprising:
simulating operation of a security incident and event management system by running a plurality of rules of the system on labeled data; determining fitness metrics of the plurality of rules; selecting at least one rule of the plurality of rules based on the determined fitness metrics; modifying the selected rule to form an updated rule; and repeating running the updated rule on the labeled data, determining fitness metrics of the updated rule, and mutating the updated rule. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the plurality of rules of the system comprise one of: default rules, given rules, or current rules. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the labeled data includes at least some data labeled as benign and at least some data labeled as malicious and wherein the labeled data comprises at least one of: data relating to security devices, data relating to servers and host systems, network and virtual activity data, database activity data, application activity, configuration data, vulnerability data, user activity data, and threat data. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the fitness metrics comprise at least one of: a deviation, a coverage, and a simplicity of the rules. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein modifying the selected rule comprises at least one of: mutating the rule using numeric mutations, predefined mutations, or both, semantic mutations, harvesting of IP addresses, and crossover. 20. The computer program product of claim 1, further comprising at least one of: performing rule minimization comprising deleting rules that cover malicious events that are already covered by other rules, rule prioritization comprising prioritizing rules that cover more malicious events and/or fewer benign events, and defining rules to control the response to detected conditions comprising providing configuration of rules to block activity without reducing availability. | 2,600 |
340,912 | 16,801,189 | 2,473 | A method and a device are provided in a UE and a base station for wireless communication. The UE receives a first signaling, and operates a first radio signal in K time domain resource(s). The first signaling is used for determining the K time domain resource(s), K is a positive integer; the first radio signal carries a first bit block, a first time-domain-resource size and a target parameter are used for determining the size of the first bit block, at least one of the K time domain resource(s) is used for determining the first time-domain-resource size; the target parameter is a first or a second parameter; whether the target parameter is the first parameter or the second parameter is related to the first time-domain-resource size, or, whether the target parameter is the first parameter or the second parameter is related to the K; the operating action is transmitting or receiving. | 1. A User Equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a first receiver, receiving a first signaling, the first signaling being used to determine K time domain resource(s), K being a positive integer; a first transceiver, operating a first radio signal in the K time domain resource(s); wherein the first radio signal carries a first bit block, a first time-domain-resource size and a target parameter are used to determine size of the first bit block, at least one of the K time domain resource(s) is used to determine the first time-domain-resource size; the target parameter is a first parameter or a second parameter; whether the target parameter is the first parameter or the second parameter is related to the first time-domain-resource size, or, whether the target parameter is the first parameter or the second parameter is related to the K; the operating is transmitting, or, the operating is receiving. 2. The UE according to claim 1, wherein a first integer set corresponds to the first parameter, and a second integer set corresponds to the second parameter, the first integer set comprises a positive integer number of positive integer(s), the second integer set comprises a positive integer number of positive integer(s), none of the positive integer(s) in the first integer set belongs to the second integer set; when the first time-domain-resource size is a positive integer in the first integer set, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the first time-domain-resource size is a positive integer in the second integer set, the target parameter is the second parameter;
or, relative magnitude of the first time-domain-resource size and a first threshold is used to determine the target parameter between the first parameter and the second parameter, the first threshold is a positive integer. 3. The UE according to claim 1, wherein when the K is equal to 1, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of the K time domain resource, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the K is greater than 1, the K time domain resources are mutually orthogonal, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of one of the K time domain resources, the target parameter is the second parameter;
or, when the K is equal to 1, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of the K time domain resource, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the K is greater than 1, the K time domain resources are mutually orthogonal, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to a sum of sizes respectively corresponding to the K time domain resources, the target parameter is the second parameter; or, the K is greater than 1, the K is used to determine the second parameter. 4. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the K is greater than 1, the first radio signal comprises K sub-signals, the K sub-signals are respectively transmitted in the K time domain resources, each of the K sub-signals carrying the first bit block. 5. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the first receiver also receives first information; wherein the first information indicates the first parameter. 6. A base station for wireless communication, comprising:
a second transmitter, transmitting a first signaling, the first signaling being used to determine K time domain resource(s), K being a positive integer; and a second transceiver, executing a first radio signal in the K time domain resource(s); wherein the first radio signal carries a first bit block, a first time-domain-resource size and a target parameter are used to determine size of the first bit block, at least one of the K time domain resource(s) is used to determine the first time-domain-resource size; the target parameter is a first parameter or a second parameter; whether the target parameter is the first parameter or the second parameter is related to the first time-domain-resource size, or, whether the target parameter is the first parameter or the second parameter is related to the K; the executing is receiving, or, the executing is transmitting. 7. The base station according to claim 6, wherein a first integer set corresponds to the first parameter, and a second integer set corresponds to the second parameter, the first integer set comprises a positive integer number of positive integer(s), the second integer set comprises a positive integer number of positive integer(s), none of the positive integer(s) in the first integer set belongs to the second integer set; when the first time-domain-resource size is a positive integer in the first integer set, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the first time-domain-resource size is a positive integer in the second integer set, the target parameter is the second parameter;
or, relative magnitude of the first time-domain-resource size and a first threshold is used to determine the target parameter between the first parameter and the second parameter, the first threshold is a positive integer. 8. The base station according to claim 6, wherein when the K is equal to 1, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of the K time domain resource, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the K is greater than 1, the K time domain resources are mutually orthogonal, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of one of the K time domain resources, the target parameter is the second parameter;
or, when the K is equal to 1, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of the K time domain resource, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the K is greater than 1, the K time domain resources are mutually orthogonal, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to a sum of sizes respectively corresponding to the K time domain resources, the target parameter is the second parameter; or, the K is greater than 1, the K is used to determine the second parameter. 9. The base station according to claim 6, wherein the K is greater than 1, the first radio signal comprises K sub-signals, the K sub-signals are respectively transmitted in the K time domain resources, each of the K sub-signals carrying the first bit block. 10. The base station according to claim 6, wherein the second transmitter also transmits first information; wherein the first information indicates the first parameter. 11. A method in a UE for wireless communication, comprising:
receiving a first signaling, the first signaling being used to determine K time domain resource(s), K being a positive integer; and operating a first radio signal in the K time domain resource(s); wherein the first radio signal carries a first bit block, a first time-domain-resource size and a target parameter are used to determine size of the first bit block, at least one of the K time domain resource(s) is used to determine the first time-domain-resource size; the target parameter is a first parameter or a second parameter; whether the target parameter is the first parameter or the second parameter is related to the first time-domain-resource size, or, whether the target parameter is the first parameter or the second parameter is related to the K; the operating is transmitting, or, the operating is receiving. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein a first integer set corresponds to the first parameter, and a second integer set corresponds to the second parameter, the first integer set comprises a positive integer number of positive integer(s), the second integer set comprises a positive integer number of positive integer(s), none of the positive integer(s) in the first integer set belongs to the second integer set; when the first time-domain-resource size is a positive integer in the first integer set, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the first time-domain-resource size is a positive integer in the second integer set, the target parameter is the second parameter;
or, relative magnitude of the first time-domain-resource size and a first threshold is used to determine the target parameter between the first parameter and the second parameter, the first threshold is a positive integer. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein when the K is equal to 1, the first time-domain-resource size is size of the K time domain resource, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the K is greater than 1, the K time domain resources are mutually orthogonal, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of one of the K time domain resources, the target parameter is the second parameter;
or, when the K is equal to 1, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of the K time domain resource, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the K is greater than 1, the K time domain resources are mutually orthogonal, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to a sum of sizes respectively corresponding to the K time domain resources, the target parameter is the second parameter; or, the K is greater than 1, the K is used to determine the second parameter. 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the K is greater than 1, the first radio signal comprises K sub-signals, the K sub-signals are respectively transmitted in the K time domain resources, each of the K sub-signals carrying the first bit block. 15. The method according to claim 11, comprising:
receiving first information; wherein the first information indicates the first parameter. 16. A method in a base station for wireless communication, comprising:
transmitting a first signaling, the first signaling being used to determine K time domain resource(s), K being a positive integer; and executing a first radio signal in the K time domain resource(s); wherein the first radio signal carries a first bit block, a first time-domain-resource size and a target parameter are used to determine size of the first bit block, at least one of the K time domain resource(s) is used to determine the first time-domain-resource size; the target parameter is a first parameter or a second parameter; whether the target parameter is the first parameter or the second parameter is related to the first time-domain-resource size, or, whether the target parameter is the first parameter or the second parameter is related to the K; the executing is receiving, or, the executing is transmitting. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein a first integer set corresponds to the first parameter, and a second integer set corresponds to the second parameter, the first integer set comprises a positive integer number of positive integer(s), the second integer set comprises a positive integer number of positive integer(s), none of the positive integer(s) in the first integer set belongs to the second integer set; when the first time-domain-resource size is a positive integer in the first integer set, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the first time-domain-resource size is a positive integer in the second integer set, the target parameter is the second parameter;
or, relative magnitude of the first time-domain-resource size and a first threshold is used to determine the target parameter between the first parameter and the second parameter, the first threshold is a positive integer. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein when the K is equal to 1, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of the K time domain resource, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the K is greater than 1, the K time domain resources are mutually orthogonal, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of one of the K time domain resources, the target parameter is the second parameter;
or, when the K is equal to 1, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of the K time domain resource, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the K is greater than 1, the K time domain resources are mutually orthogonal, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to a sum of sizes respectively corresponding to the K time domain resources, the target parameter is the second parameter; or, the K is greater than 1, the K is used to determine the second parameter. 19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the K is greater than 1, the first radio signal comprises K sub-signals, the K sub-signals are respectively transmitted in the K time domain resources, each of the K sub-signals carrying the first bit block. 20. The method according to claim 16, comprising:
transmitting first information; wherein the first information indicates the first parameter. | A method and a device are provided in a UE and a base station for wireless communication. The UE receives a first signaling, and operates a first radio signal in K time domain resource(s). The first signaling is used for determining the K time domain resource(s), K is a positive integer; the first radio signal carries a first bit block, a first time-domain-resource size and a target parameter are used for determining the size of the first bit block, at least one of the K time domain resource(s) is used for determining the first time-domain-resource size; the target parameter is a first or a second parameter; whether the target parameter is the first parameter or the second parameter is related to the first time-domain-resource size, or, whether the target parameter is the first parameter or the second parameter is related to the K; the operating action is transmitting or receiving.1. A User Equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a first receiver, receiving a first signaling, the first signaling being used to determine K time domain resource(s), K being a positive integer; a first transceiver, operating a first radio signal in the K time domain resource(s); wherein the first radio signal carries a first bit block, a first time-domain-resource size and a target parameter are used to determine size of the first bit block, at least one of the K time domain resource(s) is used to determine the first time-domain-resource size; the target parameter is a first parameter or a second parameter; whether the target parameter is the first parameter or the second parameter is related to the first time-domain-resource size, or, whether the target parameter is the first parameter or the second parameter is related to the K; the operating is transmitting, or, the operating is receiving. 2. The UE according to claim 1, wherein a first integer set corresponds to the first parameter, and a second integer set corresponds to the second parameter, the first integer set comprises a positive integer number of positive integer(s), the second integer set comprises a positive integer number of positive integer(s), none of the positive integer(s) in the first integer set belongs to the second integer set; when the first time-domain-resource size is a positive integer in the first integer set, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the first time-domain-resource size is a positive integer in the second integer set, the target parameter is the second parameter;
or, relative magnitude of the first time-domain-resource size and a first threshold is used to determine the target parameter between the first parameter and the second parameter, the first threshold is a positive integer. 3. The UE according to claim 1, wherein when the K is equal to 1, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of the K time domain resource, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the K is greater than 1, the K time domain resources are mutually orthogonal, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of one of the K time domain resources, the target parameter is the second parameter;
or, when the K is equal to 1, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of the K time domain resource, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the K is greater than 1, the K time domain resources are mutually orthogonal, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to a sum of sizes respectively corresponding to the K time domain resources, the target parameter is the second parameter; or, the K is greater than 1, the K is used to determine the second parameter. 4. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the K is greater than 1, the first radio signal comprises K sub-signals, the K sub-signals are respectively transmitted in the K time domain resources, each of the K sub-signals carrying the first bit block. 5. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the first receiver also receives first information; wherein the first information indicates the first parameter. 6. A base station for wireless communication, comprising:
a second transmitter, transmitting a first signaling, the first signaling being used to determine K time domain resource(s), K being a positive integer; and a second transceiver, executing a first radio signal in the K time domain resource(s); wherein the first radio signal carries a first bit block, a first time-domain-resource size and a target parameter are used to determine size of the first bit block, at least one of the K time domain resource(s) is used to determine the first time-domain-resource size; the target parameter is a first parameter or a second parameter; whether the target parameter is the first parameter or the second parameter is related to the first time-domain-resource size, or, whether the target parameter is the first parameter or the second parameter is related to the K; the executing is receiving, or, the executing is transmitting. 7. The base station according to claim 6, wherein a first integer set corresponds to the first parameter, and a second integer set corresponds to the second parameter, the first integer set comprises a positive integer number of positive integer(s), the second integer set comprises a positive integer number of positive integer(s), none of the positive integer(s) in the first integer set belongs to the second integer set; when the first time-domain-resource size is a positive integer in the first integer set, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the first time-domain-resource size is a positive integer in the second integer set, the target parameter is the second parameter;
or, relative magnitude of the first time-domain-resource size and a first threshold is used to determine the target parameter between the first parameter and the second parameter, the first threshold is a positive integer. 8. The base station according to claim 6, wherein when the K is equal to 1, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of the K time domain resource, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the K is greater than 1, the K time domain resources are mutually orthogonal, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of one of the K time domain resources, the target parameter is the second parameter;
or, when the K is equal to 1, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of the K time domain resource, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the K is greater than 1, the K time domain resources are mutually orthogonal, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to a sum of sizes respectively corresponding to the K time domain resources, the target parameter is the second parameter; or, the K is greater than 1, the K is used to determine the second parameter. 9. The base station according to claim 6, wherein the K is greater than 1, the first radio signal comprises K sub-signals, the K sub-signals are respectively transmitted in the K time domain resources, each of the K sub-signals carrying the first bit block. 10. The base station according to claim 6, wherein the second transmitter also transmits first information; wherein the first information indicates the first parameter. 11. A method in a UE for wireless communication, comprising:
receiving a first signaling, the first signaling being used to determine K time domain resource(s), K being a positive integer; and operating a first radio signal in the K time domain resource(s); wherein the first radio signal carries a first bit block, a first time-domain-resource size and a target parameter are used to determine size of the first bit block, at least one of the K time domain resource(s) is used to determine the first time-domain-resource size; the target parameter is a first parameter or a second parameter; whether the target parameter is the first parameter or the second parameter is related to the first time-domain-resource size, or, whether the target parameter is the first parameter or the second parameter is related to the K; the operating is transmitting, or, the operating is receiving. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein a first integer set corresponds to the first parameter, and a second integer set corresponds to the second parameter, the first integer set comprises a positive integer number of positive integer(s), the second integer set comprises a positive integer number of positive integer(s), none of the positive integer(s) in the first integer set belongs to the second integer set; when the first time-domain-resource size is a positive integer in the first integer set, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the first time-domain-resource size is a positive integer in the second integer set, the target parameter is the second parameter;
or, relative magnitude of the first time-domain-resource size and a first threshold is used to determine the target parameter between the first parameter and the second parameter, the first threshold is a positive integer. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein when the K is equal to 1, the first time-domain-resource size is size of the K time domain resource, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the K is greater than 1, the K time domain resources are mutually orthogonal, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of one of the K time domain resources, the target parameter is the second parameter;
or, when the K is equal to 1, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of the K time domain resource, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the K is greater than 1, the K time domain resources are mutually orthogonal, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to a sum of sizes respectively corresponding to the K time domain resources, the target parameter is the second parameter; or, the K is greater than 1, the K is used to determine the second parameter. 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein the K is greater than 1, the first radio signal comprises K sub-signals, the K sub-signals are respectively transmitted in the K time domain resources, each of the K sub-signals carrying the first bit block. 15. The method according to claim 11, comprising:
receiving first information; wherein the first information indicates the first parameter. 16. A method in a base station for wireless communication, comprising:
transmitting a first signaling, the first signaling being used to determine K time domain resource(s), K being a positive integer; and executing a first radio signal in the K time domain resource(s); wherein the first radio signal carries a first bit block, a first time-domain-resource size and a target parameter are used to determine size of the first bit block, at least one of the K time domain resource(s) is used to determine the first time-domain-resource size; the target parameter is a first parameter or a second parameter; whether the target parameter is the first parameter or the second parameter is related to the first time-domain-resource size, or, whether the target parameter is the first parameter or the second parameter is related to the K; the executing is receiving, or, the executing is transmitting. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein a first integer set corresponds to the first parameter, and a second integer set corresponds to the second parameter, the first integer set comprises a positive integer number of positive integer(s), the second integer set comprises a positive integer number of positive integer(s), none of the positive integer(s) in the first integer set belongs to the second integer set; when the first time-domain-resource size is a positive integer in the first integer set, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the first time-domain-resource size is a positive integer in the second integer set, the target parameter is the second parameter;
or, relative magnitude of the first time-domain-resource size and a first threshold is used to determine the target parameter between the first parameter and the second parameter, the first threshold is a positive integer. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein when the K is equal to 1, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of the K time domain resource, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the K is greater than 1, the K time domain resources are mutually orthogonal, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of one of the K time domain resources, the target parameter is the second parameter;
or, when the K is equal to 1, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to size of the K time domain resource, the target parameter is the first parameter; when the K is greater than 1, the K time domain resources are mutually orthogonal, the first time-domain-resource size is equal to a sum of sizes respectively corresponding to the K time domain resources, the target parameter is the second parameter; or, the K is greater than 1, the K is used to determine the second parameter. 19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the K is greater than 1, the first radio signal comprises K sub-signals, the K sub-signals are respectively transmitted in the K time domain resources, each of the K sub-signals carrying the first bit block. 20. The method according to claim 16, comprising:
transmitting first information; wherein the first information indicates the first parameter. | 2,400 |
340,913 | 16,642,359 | 2,473 | An oil pump includes a pump housing, a pump shaft, and a pump rotor assembly. The pump housing is capable of forming a pump cavity. The pump cavity includes a first cavity and a second cavity. The pump rotor assembly is provided in the first cavity. At least part of the pump shaft is provided in the second cavity. The pump rotor assembly includes a first rotor and a second rotor. The first rotor is capable of rotating the second rotor, and is fixedly connected to the pump shaft. The pump shaft is capable of rotating the first rotor. The first rotor includes a connecting portion. A connecting hole is provided in the connecting portion. At least part of the pump shaft is provided in the connecting hole. At least part of the connecting portion engages with at least part of the pump shaft. | 1. An oil pump, comprising a pump housing, a pump shaft and a pump rotor assembly, wherein
the pump housing at least comprises a first housing, a second housing and a third housing, the oil pump has a pump inner chamber, the pump inner chamber comprises a first inner chamber and a second inner chamber, a side wall forming the first inner chamber comprises part of the first housing and part of the second housing, and a side wall forming the second inner chamber comprises part of the second housing and part of the third housing; the pump rotor assembly is accommodated in the first inner chamber, and at least part of the pump shaft is arranged in the second inner chamber; and the pump rotor assembly comprises a first rotor, the first rotor is fixedly connected to the pump shaft, the pump shaft is configured to drive the first rotor to rotate, the first rotor comprises a connecting portion, the connecting portion is formed with a connecting hole, at least part of the pump shaft is arranged in the connecting hole, and at least part of the connecting portion is tightly fitted with at least part of the pump shaft. 2. The oil pump according to claim 1, wherein
a section of the connecting hole is approximately circular, a section of an outer peripheral surface of the pump shaft fitted with the connecting hole is substantially circular, and a contact surface of the connecting portion in contact with the pump shaft is tightly fitted with a contact surface of the outer peripheral surface of the pump shaft in contact with the connecting portion; or the section of the connection hole is substantially D-shaped, the section of the outer peripheral surface of the pump shaft fitted with the connecting hole is substantially D-shaped, and the contact surface of the connecting portion in contact with the pump shaft is tightly fitted with the contact surface of the outer peripheral surface of the pump shaft in contact with the connecting portion. 3. The oil pump according to claim 1, wherein the connecting portion comprises a first position-limiting portion and a first sub-portion, the pump shaft comprises a second position-limiting portion and a second sub-portion, the connecting portion is matched in shape with the pump shaft, at least part of the first position-limiting portion is in contact with at least part of the second position-limiting portion, and the first sub-portion is in a clearance fit with the second sub-portion. 4. The oil pump according to claim 3, wherein the connecting portion comprises two first position-limiting portions and two first sub-portions, the two position-limiting portions are arranged in parallel, and the two first sub-portions are respectively arranged at two ends of the first position-limiting portions. 5. The oil pump according to claim 4, wherein
each of the two first position-limiting portions comprises a planar portion, a first reference plane is defined, a center line of the first rotor is in the first reference plane, the first reference plane is in parallel with the planar portion, the two first position-limiting portions are respectively arranged on two sides of the first reference plane; and a second reference plane is defined, the center line of the first rotor is in the second reference plane, the second reference plane is perpendicular to the first reference plane, and the two first sub-portions are respectively arranged on two sides of the second reference plane. 6. The oil pump according to claim 5, wherein the two first position-limiting portions are both planar, the two first position-limiting portions are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first reference plane, and the two first position-limiting portions are in contact with the two second position-limiting portions respectively, and are tightly fitted with all of the second position-limiting portions. 7. The oil pump according to claim 6, wherein the two first sub-portions are both arc-shaped, and the two first sub-portions are symmetrically arranged with respect to the second reference plane. 8. The oil pump according to claim 3, wherein the pump shaft comprises a first shaft segment and a second shaft segment, a diameter of the second shaft segment is greater than a diameter of the first shaft segment, at least part of the first shaft segment is inserted into the connecting hole, and at least part of an outer peripheral surface of the first shaft segment is in contact with at least part of the connecting portion. 9. The oil pump according to claim 8, wherein the pump shaft comprises two second position-limiting portions and two second sub-portions, the two second position-limiting portions and the two second sub-portions are arranged on the first shaft segment, a third reference plane which passes through a central axis of the second shaft segment and a connection line of midpoints of the two second sub-portions is defined, and the two second position-limiting portions are symmetrically arranged with respect to the third reference plane. 10. The oil pump according to claim 1, wherein the first rotor comprises an upper surface and a lower surface, the connecting hole is extended axially from the lower surface to the upper surface, and in an axial direction of the first rotor, a first distance is defined as a distance between the lower surface located at the central axis of the first rotor and the upper surface located at the central axis of the first rotor, and a depth of the connecting hole is less than or equal to the first distance. 11. The oil pump according to claim 8, wherein the first rotor comprises an upper surface and a lower surface, the connecting hole is extended axially from the lower surface to the upper surface, and in an axial direction of the first rotor, a first distance is defined as a distance between the lower surface located at the central axis of the first rotor and the upper surface located at the central axis of the first rotor, and a depth of the connecting hole is less than or equal to the first distance. 12. The oil pump according to claim 9, wherein the first rotor comprises an upper surface and a lower surface, the connecting hole is extended axially from the lower surface to the upper surface, and in an axial direction of the first rotor, a first distance is defined as a distance between the lower surface located at the central axis of the first rotor and the upper surface located at the central axis of the first rotor, and a depth of the connecting hole is less than or equal to the first distance. 13. The oil pump according to claim 10, wherein the connecting hole is a blind hole, the connecting hole does not penetrate through the upper surface, and a ratio of the depth of the connecting hole to the first distance is greater than or equal to one third. 14. The oil pump according to claim 11, wherein the connecting hole is a blind hole, the connecting hole does not penetrate through the upper surface, and a ratio of the depth of the connecting hole to the first distance is greater than or equal to one third. 15. The oil pump according to claim 12, wherein the connecting hole is a blind hole, the connecting hole does not penetrate through the upper surface, and a ratio of the depth of the connecting hole to the first distance is greater than or equal to one third. 16. The oil pump according to claim 2, wherein the first rotor comprises an upper surface and a lower surface, the connecting hole is extended axially from the lower surface to the upper surface, and in an axial direction of the first rotor, a first distance is defined as a distance between the lower surface located at the central axis of the first rotor and the upper surface located at the central axis of the first rotor, and a depth of the connecting hole is less than or equal to the first distance. 17. The oil pump according to claim 3, wherein the first rotor comprises an upper surface and a lower surface, the connecting hole is extended axially from the lower surface to the upper surface, and in an axial direction of the first rotor, a first distance is defined as a distance between the lower surface located at the central axis of the first rotor and the upper surface located at the central axis of the first rotor, and a depth of the connecting hole is less than or equal to the first distance. 18. The oil pump according to claim 4, wherein the first rotor comprises an upper surface and a lower surface, the connecting hole is extended axially from the lower surface to the upper surface, and in an axial direction of the first rotor, a first distance is defined as a distance between the lower surface located at the central axis of the first rotor and the upper surface located at the central axis of the first rotor, and a depth of the connecting hole is less than or equal to the first distance. 19. The oil pump according to claim 5, wherein the first rotor comprises an upper surface and a lower surface, the connecting hole is extended axially from the lower surface to the upper surface, and in an axial direction of the first rotor, a first distance is defined as a distance between the lower surface located at the central axis of the first rotor and the upper surface located at the central axis of the first rotor, and a depth of the connecting hole is less than or equal to the first distance. 20. The oil pump according to claim 6, wherein the first rotor comprises an upper surface and a lower surface, the connecting hole is extended axially from the lower surface to the upper surface, and in an axial direction of the first rotor, a first distance is defined as a distance between the lower surface located at the central axis of the first rotor and the upper surface located at the central axis of the first rotor, and a depth of the connecting hole is less than or equal to the first distance. | An oil pump includes a pump housing, a pump shaft, and a pump rotor assembly. The pump housing is capable of forming a pump cavity. The pump cavity includes a first cavity and a second cavity. The pump rotor assembly is provided in the first cavity. At least part of the pump shaft is provided in the second cavity. The pump rotor assembly includes a first rotor and a second rotor. The first rotor is capable of rotating the second rotor, and is fixedly connected to the pump shaft. The pump shaft is capable of rotating the first rotor. The first rotor includes a connecting portion. A connecting hole is provided in the connecting portion. At least part of the pump shaft is provided in the connecting hole. At least part of the connecting portion engages with at least part of the pump shaft.1. An oil pump, comprising a pump housing, a pump shaft and a pump rotor assembly, wherein
the pump housing at least comprises a first housing, a second housing and a third housing, the oil pump has a pump inner chamber, the pump inner chamber comprises a first inner chamber and a second inner chamber, a side wall forming the first inner chamber comprises part of the first housing and part of the second housing, and a side wall forming the second inner chamber comprises part of the second housing and part of the third housing; the pump rotor assembly is accommodated in the first inner chamber, and at least part of the pump shaft is arranged in the second inner chamber; and the pump rotor assembly comprises a first rotor, the first rotor is fixedly connected to the pump shaft, the pump shaft is configured to drive the first rotor to rotate, the first rotor comprises a connecting portion, the connecting portion is formed with a connecting hole, at least part of the pump shaft is arranged in the connecting hole, and at least part of the connecting portion is tightly fitted with at least part of the pump shaft. 2. The oil pump according to claim 1, wherein
a section of the connecting hole is approximately circular, a section of an outer peripheral surface of the pump shaft fitted with the connecting hole is substantially circular, and a contact surface of the connecting portion in contact with the pump shaft is tightly fitted with a contact surface of the outer peripheral surface of the pump shaft in contact with the connecting portion; or the section of the connection hole is substantially D-shaped, the section of the outer peripheral surface of the pump shaft fitted with the connecting hole is substantially D-shaped, and the contact surface of the connecting portion in contact with the pump shaft is tightly fitted with the contact surface of the outer peripheral surface of the pump shaft in contact with the connecting portion. 3. The oil pump according to claim 1, wherein the connecting portion comprises a first position-limiting portion and a first sub-portion, the pump shaft comprises a second position-limiting portion and a second sub-portion, the connecting portion is matched in shape with the pump shaft, at least part of the first position-limiting portion is in contact with at least part of the second position-limiting portion, and the first sub-portion is in a clearance fit with the second sub-portion. 4. The oil pump according to claim 3, wherein the connecting portion comprises two first position-limiting portions and two first sub-portions, the two position-limiting portions are arranged in parallel, and the two first sub-portions are respectively arranged at two ends of the first position-limiting portions. 5. The oil pump according to claim 4, wherein
each of the two first position-limiting portions comprises a planar portion, a first reference plane is defined, a center line of the first rotor is in the first reference plane, the first reference plane is in parallel with the planar portion, the two first position-limiting portions are respectively arranged on two sides of the first reference plane; and a second reference plane is defined, the center line of the first rotor is in the second reference plane, the second reference plane is perpendicular to the first reference plane, and the two first sub-portions are respectively arranged on two sides of the second reference plane. 6. The oil pump according to claim 5, wherein the two first position-limiting portions are both planar, the two first position-limiting portions are symmetrically arranged with respect to the first reference plane, and the two first position-limiting portions are in contact with the two second position-limiting portions respectively, and are tightly fitted with all of the second position-limiting portions. 7. The oil pump according to claim 6, wherein the two first sub-portions are both arc-shaped, and the two first sub-portions are symmetrically arranged with respect to the second reference plane. 8. The oil pump according to claim 3, wherein the pump shaft comprises a first shaft segment and a second shaft segment, a diameter of the second shaft segment is greater than a diameter of the first shaft segment, at least part of the first shaft segment is inserted into the connecting hole, and at least part of an outer peripheral surface of the first shaft segment is in contact with at least part of the connecting portion. 9. The oil pump according to claim 8, wherein the pump shaft comprises two second position-limiting portions and two second sub-portions, the two second position-limiting portions and the two second sub-portions are arranged on the first shaft segment, a third reference plane which passes through a central axis of the second shaft segment and a connection line of midpoints of the two second sub-portions is defined, and the two second position-limiting portions are symmetrically arranged with respect to the third reference plane. 10. The oil pump according to claim 1, wherein the first rotor comprises an upper surface and a lower surface, the connecting hole is extended axially from the lower surface to the upper surface, and in an axial direction of the first rotor, a first distance is defined as a distance between the lower surface located at the central axis of the first rotor and the upper surface located at the central axis of the first rotor, and a depth of the connecting hole is less than or equal to the first distance. 11. The oil pump according to claim 8, wherein the first rotor comprises an upper surface and a lower surface, the connecting hole is extended axially from the lower surface to the upper surface, and in an axial direction of the first rotor, a first distance is defined as a distance between the lower surface located at the central axis of the first rotor and the upper surface located at the central axis of the first rotor, and a depth of the connecting hole is less than or equal to the first distance. 12. The oil pump according to claim 9, wherein the first rotor comprises an upper surface and a lower surface, the connecting hole is extended axially from the lower surface to the upper surface, and in an axial direction of the first rotor, a first distance is defined as a distance between the lower surface located at the central axis of the first rotor and the upper surface located at the central axis of the first rotor, and a depth of the connecting hole is less than or equal to the first distance. 13. The oil pump according to claim 10, wherein the connecting hole is a blind hole, the connecting hole does not penetrate through the upper surface, and a ratio of the depth of the connecting hole to the first distance is greater than or equal to one third. 14. The oil pump according to claim 11, wherein the connecting hole is a blind hole, the connecting hole does not penetrate through the upper surface, and a ratio of the depth of the connecting hole to the first distance is greater than or equal to one third. 15. The oil pump according to claim 12, wherein the connecting hole is a blind hole, the connecting hole does not penetrate through the upper surface, and a ratio of the depth of the connecting hole to the first distance is greater than or equal to one third. 16. The oil pump according to claim 2, wherein the first rotor comprises an upper surface and a lower surface, the connecting hole is extended axially from the lower surface to the upper surface, and in an axial direction of the first rotor, a first distance is defined as a distance between the lower surface located at the central axis of the first rotor and the upper surface located at the central axis of the first rotor, and a depth of the connecting hole is less than or equal to the first distance. 17. The oil pump according to claim 3, wherein the first rotor comprises an upper surface and a lower surface, the connecting hole is extended axially from the lower surface to the upper surface, and in an axial direction of the first rotor, a first distance is defined as a distance between the lower surface located at the central axis of the first rotor and the upper surface located at the central axis of the first rotor, and a depth of the connecting hole is less than or equal to the first distance. 18. The oil pump according to claim 4, wherein the first rotor comprises an upper surface and a lower surface, the connecting hole is extended axially from the lower surface to the upper surface, and in an axial direction of the first rotor, a first distance is defined as a distance between the lower surface located at the central axis of the first rotor and the upper surface located at the central axis of the first rotor, and a depth of the connecting hole is less than or equal to the first distance. 19. The oil pump according to claim 5, wherein the first rotor comprises an upper surface and a lower surface, the connecting hole is extended axially from the lower surface to the upper surface, and in an axial direction of the first rotor, a first distance is defined as a distance between the lower surface located at the central axis of the first rotor and the upper surface located at the central axis of the first rotor, and a depth of the connecting hole is less than or equal to the first distance. 20. The oil pump according to claim 6, wherein the first rotor comprises an upper surface and a lower surface, the connecting hole is extended axially from the lower surface to the upper surface, and in an axial direction of the first rotor, a first distance is defined as a distance between the lower surface located at the central axis of the first rotor and the upper surface located at the central axis of the first rotor, and a depth of the connecting hole is less than or equal to the first distance. | 2,400 |
340,914 | 16,642,342 | 2,473 | Methods and compositions for making bacteriocins are described in some embodiments herein. In some embodiments, pro-polypeptide comprising the bacteriocins in the desired ratios in cis, and separated by cleavage sited can be produced by a microbial cell comprising a nucleic acid encoding the pro-polypeptide. In some embodiments microfluidic devices and methods for making specified mixtures of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins are described. | 1. A method of making bacteriocins, the method comprising expressing a nucleic acid comprising:
a bacteriocin coding sequence and a second polypeptide coding sequence in a single reading frame, wherein the second polypeptide is a bacteriocin or signal molecule; and cleavage site coding sequences disposed between the bacteriocin coding sequence and the second polypeptide coding sequence in the single reading frame, thereby generating a pro-polypeptide comprising the bacteriocin, second polypeptide, and cleavage sites disposed therebetween. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising cleaving the cleavage site, thereby separating the bacteriocin and second polypeptide from each other, and thereby producing a composition comprising the bacteriocin and the second polypeptide. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the expressing is performed by a microbial cell that does not produce a functional immunity modulator for at least one of the bacteriocins. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the bacteriocins is inactive when it is part of the pro-polypeptide. 5. The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the composition comprises a desired ratio of bacteriocins, or a desired ratio of signal molecules and bacteriocins. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein at least a portion the desired ratio is achieved by a ratio of bacteriocin coding sequences, or bacteriocin and signal molecule coding sequences in the single reading frame of the nucleic acid. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the desired ratio of bacteriocins is selected to target an undesired microbial organism or population of undesired microbial organisms, and/or
wherein the desired ratio of bacteriocins is selected to balance a population of a microbiome of an animal, a human organ, a plant root, or soil. 8. An isolated nucleic acid comprising:
a bacteriocin coding sequence and a second polypeptide coding sequence in a single reading frame, wherein the second polypeptide is a bacteriocin or a signal molecule; and cleavage site coding sequences disposed between the bacteriocin coding sequences and in the single reading frame. 9. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 8, wherein the cleavage site coding sequences encode cleavage sites for a cleavage enzyme, and wherein the bacteriocin coding sequences do not comprise cleavage sites for the cleavage enzyme. 10. A microbial cell, comprising a promoter operably linked to the isolated nucleic acid of any one of claims 8-9, wherein the microbial cell does not produce a functional immunity modulator for a bacteriocin encoded by the isolated nucleic acid. 11. An isolated pro-polypeptide comprising:
two bacteriocins, and/or a bacteriocin and a signal molecule; cleavage sites disposed between the bacteriocins and/or the bacteriocin and the signal molecule; and an affinity tag. 12. The isolated pro-polypeptide of claim 11, wherein the cleavage sites are for a cleavage enzyme, and wherein the bacteriocin coding sequences do not comprise cleavage sites for the cleavage enzyme. 13. A composition comprising two more bacteriocins in a ratio selected to target a microbial cell or populations of microbial cells,
wherein each of the bacteriocins comprises, at its N-terminus, C-terminus, or N-terminus and C-terminus, a portion of a cleavage sequence that has been cleaved, wherein the portions of cleavage sequences at the N-, C-, or N- and C-termini of the bacteriocins are for cleavage sites of the same or different cleavage enzyme. 14. The composition of claim 13, wherein at least some of the bacteriocins further comprise a tag. 15. The composition of claim 14, wherein the tag is selected from the group consisting of affinity tags, a signal sequence, or a stability tag. 16. A method for producing a specified mixture of bacteriocins and/or antimicrobial peptides, the method comprising:
selecting the mixture to comprise two or more different bacteriocins and/or antimicrobial peptides; in a microfluidic device comprising discrete coding substrates that each encode a bacteriocin or antimicrobial peptide: placing discrete coding substrates that encode the antimicrobial peptides or bacteriocins of the specified mixture in fluid communication with an in vitro transcription/translation solution; incubating the discrete coding substrates with the in vitro transcription/translation solution, thereby generating antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins encoded by the discrete coding substrates; and mixing the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins in the microfluidic device, thereby producing the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
producing two or more submixtures each comprising a subset of the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins; and combining the submixtures to produce the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein selecting further comprises selecting a stoichiometry of the two or more different antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins of the specified mixture. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins comprises a specified stoichiometry, and wherein combining the submixtures results in the specified stoichiometry. 20. The method of any one of claims 16-19, wherein the discrete coding substrates are comprised within separate chambers. 21. The method of any one of claims 16-19, wherein discrete coding substrated encoding antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins of the specified mixture, but not other discrete coding substrates, are placed in fludic communication with the in vitro transcription/translation solution. 22. The method of any one of claims 16-19, further comprising screening the mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins in situ for a desired effect. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the screening is for enhancement of growth or reproduction of a non-pathogenic microbial organism in a microbiome of a subject, such as a skin, gut, gastrointestinal tract, mammary gland, placenta, tissue, biofluid, seminal fluid, uterus, vagina, ovarian follicle, lung, saliva, oral cavity, mucosa, conjunctiva, or biliary tract. 24. A microfluidic device for producing a specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins, the device comprising:
discrete coding substrates that each encode an antimicrobial peptide and/or bacteriocin; an in vitro transcription/translation solution; a fluidic reservoir; and valves each disposed on a fluidic path between a discrete coding substrate and the fluidic reservoir, each valve configured to regulate flow between the discrete coding substrate and the fluidic reservoir, wherein the device is configured to be placed in data communication with a processor configured to:
based on the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins, configure the valves to place the discrete coding substrates that encode the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins of the mixture, but not other discrete coding substrates, in fluidic communication with the fluidic reservoir;
permit incubation of the in vitro transcription/translation solution with the discrete coding substrates that encode the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins of the specified mixture, whereby the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins of the specified mixture are produced;
permit flow of the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins through the valves into the fluidic reservoir; and
control flow of fluid in the fluidic reservoir, wherein the flow comprises movement of the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins in the fluidic reservoir, thereby producing the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins in the fluidic reservoir. 25. The microfluidic device of claim 24, wherein:
the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins comprises two or more submixtures each comprising a subset of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins; and the processor is configured to permit flow of each submixture into the fluidic reservoir, thereby producing the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins. 26. The microfluidic device of claim 24, wherein the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins comprises a sum of the subsets of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins in a specified stoichiometry, and wherein combination of the submixtures yields the specified stoichiometry. 27. The microfluidic device of any one of claims 24-26, wherein the discrete coding substrates are comprised within separate chambers. 28. The microfluidic device of any one of claims 24-26, wherein the fluidic reservoir is configured to be placed in fluid communication with a tissue of a subject. 29. The microfluidic device of any one of claims 24-26, further comprising the processor. 30. A system comprising:
the microfluidic device of any one of claims 24-26, and a processor configured to:
based on the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins, configure the valves to place the discrete coding substrates that encode the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins of the mixture, but not other discrete coding substrates, in fluidic communication with the fluidic reservoir;
permit incubation of the in vitro transcription/translation solution with the discrete coding substrates that encode the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins of the specified mixture, whereby the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins of the specified mixture are produced;
permit flow of the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins through the valves into the fluidic reservoir; and
control flow of fluid in the fluidic reservoir, wherein the flow comprises movement of the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins in the fluidic reservoir, thereby producing the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins in the fluidic reservoir. 31. The system of claim 30, wherein the microfluidic device is comprised by a cartridge, the system comprising a coupling for placing the cartridge in data communication with the processor. 32. The system of claim 30 wherein the in vitro transcription/translation solution is lyophyilized. 33. A microfluidic device for producing a specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins, the device comprising:
discrete coding substrates that each encode an antimicrobial peptide and/or bacteriocin; valves each disposed on a fluidic path connected to a discrete coding substrate, each valve configured to regulate flow to or from the discrete coding substrate, and wherein the device is configured to be placed in fluid communication with a fluidic reservoir of an in vitro transcription/translation solution. 34. The microfluidic device of claim 33, further comprising a reservoir of chemical or phage antibiotics configured to mix with the mixture of specified antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins. | Methods and compositions for making bacteriocins are described in some embodiments herein. In some embodiments, pro-polypeptide comprising the bacteriocins in the desired ratios in cis, and separated by cleavage sited can be produced by a microbial cell comprising a nucleic acid encoding the pro-polypeptide. In some embodiments microfluidic devices and methods for making specified mixtures of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins are described.1. A method of making bacteriocins, the method comprising expressing a nucleic acid comprising:
a bacteriocin coding sequence and a second polypeptide coding sequence in a single reading frame, wherein the second polypeptide is a bacteriocin or signal molecule; and cleavage site coding sequences disposed between the bacteriocin coding sequence and the second polypeptide coding sequence in the single reading frame, thereby generating a pro-polypeptide comprising the bacteriocin, second polypeptide, and cleavage sites disposed therebetween. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising cleaving the cleavage site, thereby separating the bacteriocin and second polypeptide from each other, and thereby producing a composition comprising the bacteriocin and the second polypeptide. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the expressing is performed by a microbial cell that does not produce a functional immunity modulator for at least one of the bacteriocins. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the bacteriocins is inactive when it is part of the pro-polypeptide. 5. The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the composition comprises a desired ratio of bacteriocins, or a desired ratio of signal molecules and bacteriocins. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein at least a portion the desired ratio is achieved by a ratio of bacteriocin coding sequences, or bacteriocin and signal molecule coding sequences in the single reading frame of the nucleic acid. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the desired ratio of bacteriocins is selected to target an undesired microbial organism or population of undesired microbial organisms, and/or
wherein the desired ratio of bacteriocins is selected to balance a population of a microbiome of an animal, a human organ, a plant root, or soil. 8. An isolated nucleic acid comprising:
a bacteriocin coding sequence and a second polypeptide coding sequence in a single reading frame, wherein the second polypeptide is a bacteriocin or a signal molecule; and cleavage site coding sequences disposed between the bacteriocin coding sequences and in the single reading frame. 9. The isolated nucleic acid of claim 8, wherein the cleavage site coding sequences encode cleavage sites for a cleavage enzyme, and wherein the bacteriocin coding sequences do not comprise cleavage sites for the cleavage enzyme. 10. A microbial cell, comprising a promoter operably linked to the isolated nucleic acid of any one of claims 8-9, wherein the microbial cell does not produce a functional immunity modulator for a bacteriocin encoded by the isolated nucleic acid. 11. An isolated pro-polypeptide comprising:
two bacteriocins, and/or a bacteriocin and a signal molecule; cleavage sites disposed between the bacteriocins and/or the bacteriocin and the signal molecule; and an affinity tag. 12. The isolated pro-polypeptide of claim 11, wherein the cleavage sites are for a cleavage enzyme, and wherein the bacteriocin coding sequences do not comprise cleavage sites for the cleavage enzyme. 13. A composition comprising two more bacteriocins in a ratio selected to target a microbial cell or populations of microbial cells,
wherein each of the bacteriocins comprises, at its N-terminus, C-terminus, or N-terminus and C-terminus, a portion of a cleavage sequence that has been cleaved, wherein the portions of cleavage sequences at the N-, C-, or N- and C-termini of the bacteriocins are for cleavage sites of the same or different cleavage enzyme. 14. The composition of claim 13, wherein at least some of the bacteriocins further comprise a tag. 15. The composition of claim 14, wherein the tag is selected from the group consisting of affinity tags, a signal sequence, or a stability tag. 16. A method for producing a specified mixture of bacteriocins and/or antimicrobial peptides, the method comprising:
selecting the mixture to comprise two or more different bacteriocins and/or antimicrobial peptides; in a microfluidic device comprising discrete coding substrates that each encode a bacteriocin or antimicrobial peptide: placing discrete coding substrates that encode the antimicrobial peptides or bacteriocins of the specified mixture in fluid communication with an in vitro transcription/translation solution; incubating the discrete coding substrates with the in vitro transcription/translation solution, thereby generating antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins encoded by the discrete coding substrates; and mixing the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins in the microfluidic device, thereby producing the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
producing two or more submixtures each comprising a subset of the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins; and combining the submixtures to produce the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein selecting further comprises selecting a stoichiometry of the two or more different antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins of the specified mixture. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins comprises a specified stoichiometry, and wherein combining the submixtures results in the specified stoichiometry. 20. The method of any one of claims 16-19, wherein the discrete coding substrates are comprised within separate chambers. 21. The method of any one of claims 16-19, wherein discrete coding substrated encoding antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins of the specified mixture, but not other discrete coding substrates, are placed in fludic communication with the in vitro transcription/translation solution. 22. The method of any one of claims 16-19, further comprising screening the mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins in situ for a desired effect. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the screening is for enhancement of growth or reproduction of a non-pathogenic microbial organism in a microbiome of a subject, such as a skin, gut, gastrointestinal tract, mammary gland, placenta, tissue, biofluid, seminal fluid, uterus, vagina, ovarian follicle, lung, saliva, oral cavity, mucosa, conjunctiva, or biliary tract. 24. A microfluidic device for producing a specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins, the device comprising:
discrete coding substrates that each encode an antimicrobial peptide and/or bacteriocin; an in vitro transcription/translation solution; a fluidic reservoir; and valves each disposed on a fluidic path between a discrete coding substrate and the fluidic reservoir, each valve configured to regulate flow between the discrete coding substrate and the fluidic reservoir, wherein the device is configured to be placed in data communication with a processor configured to:
based on the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins, configure the valves to place the discrete coding substrates that encode the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins of the mixture, but not other discrete coding substrates, in fluidic communication with the fluidic reservoir;
permit incubation of the in vitro transcription/translation solution with the discrete coding substrates that encode the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins of the specified mixture, whereby the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins of the specified mixture are produced;
permit flow of the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins through the valves into the fluidic reservoir; and
control flow of fluid in the fluidic reservoir, wherein the flow comprises movement of the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins in the fluidic reservoir, thereby producing the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins in the fluidic reservoir. 25. The microfluidic device of claim 24, wherein:
the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins comprises two or more submixtures each comprising a subset of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins; and the processor is configured to permit flow of each submixture into the fluidic reservoir, thereby producing the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins. 26. The microfluidic device of claim 24, wherein the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins comprises a sum of the subsets of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins in a specified stoichiometry, and wherein combination of the submixtures yields the specified stoichiometry. 27. The microfluidic device of any one of claims 24-26, wherein the discrete coding substrates are comprised within separate chambers. 28. The microfluidic device of any one of claims 24-26, wherein the fluidic reservoir is configured to be placed in fluid communication with a tissue of a subject. 29. The microfluidic device of any one of claims 24-26, further comprising the processor. 30. A system comprising:
the microfluidic device of any one of claims 24-26, and a processor configured to:
based on the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins, configure the valves to place the discrete coding substrates that encode the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins of the mixture, but not other discrete coding substrates, in fluidic communication with the fluidic reservoir;
permit incubation of the in vitro transcription/translation solution with the discrete coding substrates that encode the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins of the specified mixture, whereby the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins of the specified mixture are produced;
permit flow of the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins through the valves into the fluidic reservoir; and
control flow of fluid in the fluidic reservoir, wherein the flow comprises movement of the antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins in the fluidic reservoir, thereby producing the specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins in the fluidic reservoir. 31. The system of claim 30, wherein the microfluidic device is comprised by a cartridge, the system comprising a coupling for placing the cartridge in data communication with the processor. 32. The system of claim 30 wherein the in vitro transcription/translation solution is lyophyilized. 33. A microfluidic device for producing a specified mixture of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins, the device comprising:
discrete coding substrates that each encode an antimicrobial peptide and/or bacteriocin; valves each disposed on a fluidic path connected to a discrete coding substrate, each valve configured to regulate flow to or from the discrete coding substrate, and wherein the device is configured to be placed in fluid communication with a fluidic reservoir of an in vitro transcription/translation solution. 34. The microfluidic device of claim 33, further comprising a reservoir of chemical or phage antibiotics configured to mix with the mixture of specified antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins. | 2,400 |
340,915 | 16,801,199 | 2,473 | Presented is an improved and multifunctional headband. The headband includes an annular band portion to be worn about the head of a user for restraining and controlling user's wet hair strands, and extensions having a predefined shape and length and attached to the annular band portion extending away therefrom. The extensions are made of a fabric having absorption capability so that when inserted penetrating within the wet hair strands of the user, the extensions absorb water or water moisture from the wet hair strands of the user to dry them up. Further, the headband can be used to wring the hair to efficiently dry the user's wet hair without damaging user's hair. Furthermore, the headband can be worn as an accessory for decorative or ornamental purpose. | 1. A headband (100), comprising:
an annular band portion (102) to be worn about the head of a user (200) for restraining and controlling user's wet hair strands (202), the annular band portion (102) consists of a top portion (102 a) that covers top of the head, and a bottom portion (102 b) that is laid behind and underneath the user's ears, when the annular band portion (102) is worn by the user; and a plurality of extensions (104) having a predefined shape and length and attached to the annular band portion (102) extending away therefrom, wherein the plurality of extensions (104) are made of a fabric having absorption capability so that when inserted penetrating within the wet hair strands (202) of the user (200), the extensions (104) absorb water or water moisture from the wet hair strands (202) to dry them up. 2. The headband (100) of claim 1, wherein the annular band portion (102) comprising of at least an elongated band of elastic material with two opposing ends coupled together, an elongated band of a fabric material with two opposing ends coupled together with two opposing ends of an elastic portion, or an elongated band of a fabric material embodying an elastic portion disposed therein with two opposing ends of the elongated band of a fabric coupled together. 3. The headband (100) of claim 1, wherein the annular band portion (102) consists of a top layer (102 d) and a bottom layer (102 e) foldably sewn (102 c) circumferentially at least at one side along with one end of the plurality of extensions (104) inserted therein. 4. The headband (100) of claim 1, wherein the plurality of extensions (104) are sewn (102 c) directly underside the top portion (102 a) of the annular band portion (102). 5. The headband (100) of claim 2, wherein the elongated band of a fabric material comprising a single layer of a fabric or multiple layers of fabric. 6. The headband (100) of claim 2, wherein the annular band portion (102) is configured to have one or more decorative items (103) attached thereto or itself configured to give an aesthetic appearance to the headband (100). 7. The headband (100) of claim 6, wherein the one or more decorative items (103) are selected from a group consisting of a knot, a tie ribbon, a button, a bead, and a sequin. 8. The headband (100) of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of extensions (104) is made flat and substantially rectangular in shape having two opposing sides (104 a, 104 b) that can go within penetrating the wet hair strands (202) of the user (200) for drying the wet hair strands (202), and wringing the wet hair strands (202). 9. The headband (100) of claim 8, wherein each of the flat and substantially rectangular shaped extensions (104) are uniform in length and width or non-uniform in length and width with respect to each other. 10. The headband (100) of claim 8, wherein the two opposing sides of each of the flat and substantially rectangular shaped extensions (104) are hemmed or unhemmed. 11. The headband (100) of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of extensions (104) is tubular in shape with an optional insert (104 f), each of the tubular extensions (104) can go within penetrating the wet hair strands (202) of the user (200) for drying the hair strands (202), and wringing the hair strands (202). 12. The headband (100) of claim 11, wherein the insert (104 f) are bendable or nonbandable. 13. The headband (100) of claim 11, wherein the insert (104 f) is fixedly disposed inside the tubular extension (104). 14. The headband (100) of claim 13, wherein the insert (104 f) is fixed at its two ends within the tubular extension (104) by sewing or gluing. 15. The headband (100) of claim 13, wherein the insert (104 f) is selected from a group consisting of a metallic insert, a plastic insert, or any other material or any combination thereof. 16. The headband (100) of claim 11, wherein each of the tubular extensions (104) are uniform or non-uniform in length and width with respect to each other. 17. The headband (100) of claim 1, wherein the extensions (104) are further configured to have one or more decorative items (106) to give an aesthetic appearance to the headband (100). 18. The headband (100) of claim 17, the one or more decorative items (106) are selected from a group consisting of a knot, a tie ribbon, a button, a bead, a sequin, any other decorative items, or any combinations thereof. | Presented is an improved and multifunctional headband. The headband includes an annular band portion to be worn about the head of a user for restraining and controlling user's wet hair strands, and extensions having a predefined shape and length and attached to the annular band portion extending away therefrom. The extensions are made of a fabric having absorption capability so that when inserted penetrating within the wet hair strands of the user, the extensions absorb water or water moisture from the wet hair strands of the user to dry them up. Further, the headband can be used to wring the hair to efficiently dry the user's wet hair without damaging user's hair. Furthermore, the headband can be worn as an accessory for decorative or ornamental purpose.1. A headband (100), comprising:
an annular band portion (102) to be worn about the head of a user (200) for restraining and controlling user's wet hair strands (202), the annular band portion (102) consists of a top portion (102 a) that covers top of the head, and a bottom portion (102 b) that is laid behind and underneath the user's ears, when the annular band portion (102) is worn by the user; and a plurality of extensions (104) having a predefined shape and length and attached to the annular band portion (102) extending away therefrom, wherein the plurality of extensions (104) are made of a fabric having absorption capability so that when inserted penetrating within the wet hair strands (202) of the user (200), the extensions (104) absorb water or water moisture from the wet hair strands (202) to dry them up. 2. The headband (100) of claim 1, wherein the annular band portion (102) comprising of at least an elongated band of elastic material with two opposing ends coupled together, an elongated band of a fabric material with two opposing ends coupled together with two opposing ends of an elastic portion, or an elongated band of a fabric material embodying an elastic portion disposed therein with two opposing ends of the elongated band of a fabric coupled together. 3. The headband (100) of claim 1, wherein the annular band portion (102) consists of a top layer (102 d) and a bottom layer (102 e) foldably sewn (102 c) circumferentially at least at one side along with one end of the plurality of extensions (104) inserted therein. 4. The headband (100) of claim 1, wherein the plurality of extensions (104) are sewn (102 c) directly underside the top portion (102 a) of the annular band portion (102). 5. The headband (100) of claim 2, wherein the elongated band of a fabric material comprising a single layer of a fabric or multiple layers of fabric. 6. The headband (100) of claim 2, wherein the annular band portion (102) is configured to have one or more decorative items (103) attached thereto or itself configured to give an aesthetic appearance to the headband (100). 7. The headband (100) of claim 6, wherein the one or more decorative items (103) are selected from a group consisting of a knot, a tie ribbon, a button, a bead, and a sequin. 8. The headband (100) of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of extensions (104) is made flat and substantially rectangular in shape having two opposing sides (104 a, 104 b) that can go within penetrating the wet hair strands (202) of the user (200) for drying the wet hair strands (202), and wringing the wet hair strands (202). 9. The headband (100) of claim 8, wherein each of the flat and substantially rectangular shaped extensions (104) are uniform in length and width or non-uniform in length and width with respect to each other. 10. The headband (100) of claim 8, wherein the two opposing sides of each of the flat and substantially rectangular shaped extensions (104) are hemmed or unhemmed. 11. The headband (100) of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of extensions (104) is tubular in shape with an optional insert (104 f), each of the tubular extensions (104) can go within penetrating the wet hair strands (202) of the user (200) for drying the hair strands (202), and wringing the hair strands (202). 12. The headband (100) of claim 11, wherein the insert (104 f) are bendable or nonbandable. 13. The headband (100) of claim 11, wherein the insert (104 f) is fixedly disposed inside the tubular extension (104). 14. The headband (100) of claim 13, wherein the insert (104 f) is fixed at its two ends within the tubular extension (104) by sewing or gluing. 15. The headband (100) of claim 13, wherein the insert (104 f) is selected from a group consisting of a metallic insert, a plastic insert, or any other material or any combination thereof. 16. The headband (100) of claim 11, wherein each of the tubular extensions (104) are uniform or non-uniform in length and width with respect to each other. 17. The headband (100) of claim 1, wherein the extensions (104) are further configured to have one or more decorative items (106) to give an aesthetic appearance to the headband (100). 18. The headband (100) of claim 17, the one or more decorative items (106) are selected from a group consisting of a knot, a tie ribbon, a button, a bead, a sequin, any other decorative items, or any combinations thereof. | 2,400 |
340,916 | 16,801,165 | 2,473 | An allocation method executed by a computer includes dividing each of a plurality of pieces of time-series data into a plurality of segments, allocating a label to each of the pieces of time-series data based on features of each segment in the pieces of time-series data, and allocating a predetermined segment in time-series data, included in the pieces of time-series data, with a label allocated to the time-series data to which the predetermined segment belongs. | 1. An allocation method executed by a computer, the allocation method comprising:
dividing each of a plurality of pieces of time-series data into a plurality of segments; allocating a label to each of the pieces of time-series data based on features of each segment in the pieces of time-series data; and allocating a predetermined segment in time-series data, included in the pieces of time-series data, with a label allocated to the time-series data to which the predetermined segment belongs. 2. The allocation method according to claim 1, further including calculating a degree of importance of each of the segments at the allocating a label to each of the pieces of time-series data, wherein
the allocating a label to the segment includes allocating a label such that, when the degree of importance of a segment becomes higher, the same label as a label of time-series data to which the segment belongs is more likely to be allocated, and when the degree of importance of the segment becomes lower, a label different from a label allocated to time-series data to which the segment belongs is more likely to be allocated. 3. The allocation method according to claim 2, wherein
the allocating a label to each of the pieces of time-series data includes allocating the label by using a neural network including a recurrent neural network (RNN) layer and an attention that outputs weighting for weighting output of the recurrent neural network layer in units of segments, and the allocating a label to the segment includes allocating a label by using the output of the attention as a degree of importance. 4. The allocation method according to claim 2, further including classifying the segments into a plurality of clusters based on features of the time-series data in each segment, wherein
the allocating a label to the segment includes allocating a label based on a cluster and a degree of importance for the segments. 5. The allocation method according to claim 4, further including incrementing, when a degree of importance of each of the segments is highest among segments in time-series data to which the segment belongs, a count of a label allocated to the time-series data corresponding to a cluster to which the segment is classified among the clusters, wherein
the allocating a label to the segment includes allocating each of the segments with a label including a largest count corresponding to the cluster to which the segment is classified among the clusters. 6. The allocation method according to claim 5, wherein the incrementing includes incrementing, when the segments are not segments belonging to a cluster including a highest degree of importance among segments in time-series data to which the segments belong, counts of labels other than a label allocated to the time-series data corresponding to the cluster to which the segments are classified. 7. The allocation method according to claim 5, wherein, for each of the segments, when a label corresponding to a cluster to which the segment is classified has not been allocated, a label allocated to time-series data to which the segment belongs is allocated to the cluster sequentially in descending order of the degree of importance. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing therein an allocation program that causes a computer to execute a process comprising:
dividing each of a plurality of pieces of time-series data into a plurality of segments; allocating a label to each of the pieces of time-series data based on features of each segment in the pieces of time-series data; and allocating a predetermined segment in time-series data, included in the pieces of time-series data, with a label allocated to the time-series data to which the predetermined segment belongs. 9. An allocation device comprising:
a processor configured to:
divide each of a plurality of pieces of time-series data into a plurality of segments;
allocate a label to each of the pieces of time-series data based on features of each segment in the pieces of time-series data; and
allocate a predetermined segment in time-series data, included in the pieces of time-series data, with a label allocated to the time-series data to which the predetermined segment belongs. | An allocation method executed by a computer includes dividing each of a plurality of pieces of time-series data into a plurality of segments, allocating a label to each of the pieces of time-series data based on features of each segment in the pieces of time-series data, and allocating a predetermined segment in time-series data, included in the pieces of time-series data, with a label allocated to the time-series data to which the predetermined segment belongs.1. An allocation method executed by a computer, the allocation method comprising:
dividing each of a plurality of pieces of time-series data into a plurality of segments; allocating a label to each of the pieces of time-series data based on features of each segment in the pieces of time-series data; and allocating a predetermined segment in time-series data, included in the pieces of time-series data, with a label allocated to the time-series data to which the predetermined segment belongs. 2. The allocation method according to claim 1, further including calculating a degree of importance of each of the segments at the allocating a label to each of the pieces of time-series data, wherein
the allocating a label to the segment includes allocating a label such that, when the degree of importance of a segment becomes higher, the same label as a label of time-series data to which the segment belongs is more likely to be allocated, and when the degree of importance of the segment becomes lower, a label different from a label allocated to time-series data to which the segment belongs is more likely to be allocated. 3. The allocation method according to claim 2, wherein
the allocating a label to each of the pieces of time-series data includes allocating the label by using a neural network including a recurrent neural network (RNN) layer and an attention that outputs weighting for weighting output of the recurrent neural network layer in units of segments, and the allocating a label to the segment includes allocating a label by using the output of the attention as a degree of importance. 4. The allocation method according to claim 2, further including classifying the segments into a plurality of clusters based on features of the time-series data in each segment, wherein
the allocating a label to the segment includes allocating a label based on a cluster and a degree of importance for the segments. 5. The allocation method according to claim 4, further including incrementing, when a degree of importance of each of the segments is highest among segments in time-series data to which the segment belongs, a count of a label allocated to the time-series data corresponding to a cluster to which the segment is classified among the clusters, wherein
the allocating a label to the segment includes allocating each of the segments with a label including a largest count corresponding to the cluster to which the segment is classified among the clusters. 6. The allocation method according to claim 5, wherein the incrementing includes incrementing, when the segments are not segments belonging to a cluster including a highest degree of importance among segments in time-series data to which the segments belong, counts of labels other than a label allocated to the time-series data corresponding to the cluster to which the segments are classified. 7. The allocation method according to claim 5, wherein, for each of the segments, when a label corresponding to a cluster to which the segment is classified has not been allocated, a label allocated to time-series data to which the segment belongs is allocated to the cluster sequentially in descending order of the degree of importance. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing therein an allocation program that causes a computer to execute a process comprising:
dividing each of a plurality of pieces of time-series data into a plurality of segments; allocating a label to each of the pieces of time-series data based on features of each segment in the pieces of time-series data; and allocating a predetermined segment in time-series data, included in the pieces of time-series data, with a label allocated to the time-series data to which the predetermined segment belongs. 9. An allocation device comprising:
a processor configured to:
divide each of a plurality of pieces of time-series data into a plurality of segments;
allocate a label to each of the pieces of time-series data based on features of each segment in the pieces of time-series data; and
allocate a predetermined segment in time-series data, included in the pieces of time-series data, with a label allocated to the time-series data to which the predetermined segment belongs. | 2,400 |
340,917 | 16,801,166 | 2,473 | An interconnect structure includes an interconnect structure includes an etching stop layer; a dielectric layer and an insert layer on the etching stop layer, and a conductive feature in the dielectric layer, the insert layer and the etching stop layer. A material of the insert layer is different from the dielectric layer and the etching stop layer. | 1. An interconnect structure, comprising:
an etching stop layer; a dielectric layer and an insert layer on the etching stop layer; and a conductive feature in the dielectric layer, the insert layer and the etching stop layer, wherein a material of the insert layer is different from the dielectric layer and the etching stop layer. 2. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the insert layer has a Young's modulus greater than a Young's modulus of the dielectric layer. 3. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the insert layer has a dielectric constant less than a dielectric constant of the etching stop layer. 4. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the insert layer and the dielectric layer contain silicon atom, and the etching stop layer is free of silicon atom. 5. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the insert layer comprises silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbide, or combinations thereof, and the etching stop layer comprises aluminum oxide. 6. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the conductive feature comprises a plurality of conductive lines, the dielectric layer and the insert layer between two adjacent conductive lines forms a stack, and the stack has an aspect ratio greater than 2. 7. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the insert layer is sandwiched between the dielectric layer and the etching stop layer, and in contact with the etching stop layer. 8. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the insert layer is embedded in the dielectric layer. 9. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the insert layer is on a top surface of the dielectric layer, and the dielectric layer is sandwiched between the insert layer and the etching stop layer. 10. An interconnect structure, comprising:
a first dielectric layer; an etching stop layer on the first dielectric layer; a second dielectric layer on the etching stop layer; an insert layer between the etching stop layer and the second dielectric layer; and a conductive feature in the second dielectric layer, the insert layer, the etching stop layer, and the first dielectric layer, wherein a material of the insert layer is different from the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer, and the etching stop layer. 11. The interconnect structure of claim 10, wherein the insert layer has a Young's modulus greater than a Young's modulus of the second dielectric layer. 12. The interconnect structure of claim 10, wherein the insert layer has a dielectric constant less than a dielectric constant of the etching stop layer. 13. The interconnect structure of claim 10, wherein the insert layer comprises silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbide, or combinations thereof, and the etching stop layer comprises aluminum oxide. 14. The interconnect structure of claim 10, wherein the conductive feature comprises a dual damascene, and the dual damascene comprises a conductive line in the second dielectric layer and the insert layer, and a via in the etching stop layer and the first dielectric layer. 15. A method of forming an interconnect structure, comprising:
forming an etching stop layer; forming an insert layer on the etching stop layer; forming a dielectric layer on the insert layer; patterning the dielectric layer, the insert layer and the etching stop layer to form a plurality of trench openings, comprising:
performing a first etching process on the dielectric layer and the insert layer to form a plurality of first openings exposing the etching stop layer; and
performing a second etching process to remove the etching stop layer exposed by the first openings to form the plurality of trench openings; and
forming a plurality of conductive lines in the plurality of trench openings. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the insert layer has a Young's modulus greater than a Young's modulus of the dielectric layer. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the insert layer has a dielectric constant less than a dielectric constant of the etching stop layer. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the insert layer comprises silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbide, or combinations thereof, and the etching stop layer comprises aluminum oxide. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the performing the first etching process comprises forming a stack comprising the dielectric layer and the insert layer between two adjacent trench openings, and the stack has an aspect ratio greater than 2. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the performing the first etching process comprises performing a dry etching process using an etchant having an etching selectivity of the dielectric layer to the insert layer ranging from 1 to 5. | An interconnect structure includes an interconnect structure includes an etching stop layer; a dielectric layer and an insert layer on the etching stop layer, and a conductive feature in the dielectric layer, the insert layer and the etching stop layer. A material of the insert layer is different from the dielectric layer and the etching stop layer.1. An interconnect structure, comprising:
an etching stop layer; a dielectric layer and an insert layer on the etching stop layer; and a conductive feature in the dielectric layer, the insert layer and the etching stop layer, wherein a material of the insert layer is different from the dielectric layer and the etching stop layer. 2. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the insert layer has a Young's modulus greater than a Young's modulus of the dielectric layer. 3. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the insert layer has a dielectric constant less than a dielectric constant of the etching stop layer. 4. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the insert layer and the dielectric layer contain silicon atom, and the etching stop layer is free of silicon atom. 5. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the insert layer comprises silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbide, or combinations thereof, and the etching stop layer comprises aluminum oxide. 6. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the conductive feature comprises a plurality of conductive lines, the dielectric layer and the insert layer between two adjacent conductive lines forms a stack, and the stack has an aspect ratio greater than 2. 7. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the insert layer is sandwiched between the dielectric layer and the etching stop layer, and in contact with the etching stop layer. 8. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the insert layer is embedded in the dielectric layer. 9. The interconnect structure of claim 1, wherein the insert layer is on a top surface of the dielectric layer, and the dielectric layer is sandwiched between the insert layer and the etching stop layer. 10. An interconnect structure, comprising:
a first dielectric layer; an etching stop layer on the first dielectric layer; a second dielectric layer on the etching stop layer; an insert layer between the etching stop layer and the second dielectric layer; and a conductive feature in the second dielectric layer, the insert layer, the etching stop layer, and the first dielectric layer, wherein a material of the insert layer is different from the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer, and the etching stop layer. 11. The interconnect structure of claim 10, wherein the insert layer has a Young's modulus greater than a Young's modulus of the second dielectric layer. 12. The interconnect structure of claim 10, wherein the insert layer has a dielectric constant less than a dielectric constant of the etching stop layer. 13. The interconnect structure of claim 10, wherein the insert layer comprises silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbide, or combinations thereof, and the etching stop layer comprises aluminum oxide. 14. The interconnect structure of claim 10, wherein the conductive feature comprises a dual damascene, and the dual damascene comprises a conductive line in the second dielectric layer and the insert layer, and a via in the etching stop layer and the first dielectric layer. 15. A method of forming an interconnect structure, comprising:
forming an etching stop layer; forming an insert layer on the etching stop layer; forming a dielectric layer on the insert layer; patterning the dielectric layer, the insert layer and the etching stop layer to form a plurality of trench openings, comprising:
performing a first etching process on the dielectric layer and the insert layer to form a plurality of first openings exposing the etching stop layer; and
performing a second etching process to remove the etching stop layer exposed by the first openings to form the plurality of trench openings; and
forming a plurality of conductive lines in the plurality of trench openings. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the insert layer has a Young's modulus greater than a Young's modulus of the dielectric layer. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the insert layer has a dielectric constant less than a dielectric constant of the etching stop layer. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the insert layer comprises silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbide, or combinations thereof, and the etching stop layer comprises aluminum oxide. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the performing the first etching process comprises forming a stack comprising the dielectric layer and the insert layer between two adjacent trench openings, and the stack has an aspect ratio greater than 2. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the performing the first etching process comprises performing a dry etching process using an etchant having an etching selectivity of the dielectric layer to the insert layer ranging from 1 to 5. | 2,400 |
340,918 | 16,801,159 | 2,473 | The present disclosure is to provide a measurement chip, a measuring device, and a measuring method which can accurately estimate an analyte concentration with a simple configuration. A measurement chip may include a propagation layer, an introductory part, a drawn-out part and a reaction part. Through the propagation layer, light may propagate. The introductory part may introduce the light into the propagation layer. The drawn-out part may draw the light from the propagation layer. The reaction part may have, in a surface of the propagation layer where a reactant that reacts to a substance to be detected is formed, an area where a content of the reactant changes monotonously in a perpendicular direction perpendicular to a propagating direction of the light, over a given length in the propagating direction. | 1. A measurement chip, comprising:
a propagation layer through which light propagates; an introductory part configured to introduce the light into the propagation layer; a drawn-out part configured to draw the light from the propagation layer; and a reaction part including, in a surface of the propagation layer where a reactant that reacts to a substance to be detected is formed, an area where a content of the reactant changes monotonously in a perpendicular direction perpendicular to a propagating direction of the light, over a given length in the propagating direction. 2. The measurement chip of claim 1, wherein the area of the reaction part includes an area where the content of the reactant changes continuously in the perpendicular direction, over the given length in the propagating direction of the light. 3. The measurement chip of claim 1, wherein the area of the reaction part includes an area where the content of the reactant changes linearly in the perpendicular direction, over the given length in the propagating direction of the light. 4. The measurement chip of claim 1, wherein the content of the reactant is obtained by multiplying a content density of the reactant per unit length in the propagating direction of the light by the given length. 5. The measurement chip of claim 4, wherein the content density of the reactant is uniform, and the given length changes monotonously in the perpendicular direction. 6. The measurement chip of claim 4, wherein the content density of the reactant is uniform, and the given length changes continuously in the perpendicular direction. 7. The measurement chip of claim 4, wherein the content density of the reactant is uniform, and the given length changes linearly in the perpendicular direction. 8. The measurement chip of claim 4, wherein the given length is uniform in the perpendicular direction, and the content density of the reactant changes monotonously in the perpendicular direction. 9. The measurement chip of claim 1, wherein the reaction part changes a phase distribution of the light by a change in an index of refraction in the circumference of the propagation layer caused by the reaction of the substance to be detected and the reactant. 10. The measurement chip of claim 1, wherein the reaction part includes two reaction parts formed on both surfaces sandwiching the propagation layer. 11. The measurement chip of claim 1, wherein the light is a gauss beam. 12. A measuring device where the measurement chip of claim 1 is disposed, comprising:
a light source configured to lead the light to the introductory part of the measurement chip;
a photodetector configured to receive the light drawn from the drawn-out part; and
a controller configured to analyze a pattern of the light received by the photodetector. 13. The measuring device of claim 12, wherein the controller performs an analysis in which a change in the pattern of the light is analyzed. 14. The measuring device of claim 12, wherein the controller performs an analysis in which a change in the moving direction of the light is analyzed. 15. A measuring method, comprising the steps of:
introducing light into a propagation layer; on a surface of the propagation layer where a reactant that reacts to a substance to be detected is formed, changing a content of the reactant monotonously in a perpendicular direction perpendicular to a propagating direction of the light, over a given length in the propagating direction; and drawing the light from the propagation layer. 16. The measuring method of claim 15, wherein the content of the reactant is obtained by multiplying a content density of the reactant per unit length in the propagating direction of the light by the given length. 17. The measuring method of claim 15, comprising the step of analyzing a change in a pattern of the light caused by the reaction. 18. The measurement chip of claim 2, wherein the area of the reaction part includes an area where the content of the reactant changes linearly in the perpendicular direction, over the given length in the propagating direction of the light. 19. The measurement chip of claim 2, wherein the content of the reactant is obtained by multiplying a content density of the reactant per unit length in the propagating direction of the light by the given length. 20. The measurement chip of claim 3, wherein the content of the reactant is obtained by multiplying a content density of the reactant per unit length in the propagating direction of the light by the given length. | The present disclosure is to provide a measurement chip, a measuring device, and a measuring method which can accurately estimate an analyte concentration with a simple configuration. A measurement chip may include a propagation layer, an introductory part, a drawn-out part and a reaction part. Through the propagation layer, light may propagate. The introductory part may introduce the light into the propagation layer. The drawn-out part may draw the light from the propagation layer. The reaction part may have, in a surface of the propagation layer where a reactant that reacts to a substance to be detected is formed, an area where a content of the reactant changes monotonously in a perpendicular direction perpendicular to a propagating direction of the light, over a given length in the propagating direction.1. A measurement chip, comprising:
a propagation layer through which light propagates; an introductory part configured to introduce the light into the propagation layer; a drawn-out part configured to draw the light from the propagation layer; and a reaction part including, in a surface of the propagation layer where a reactant that reacts to a substance to be detected is formed, an area where a content of the reactant changes monotonously in a perpendicular direction perpendicular to a propagating direction of the light, over a given length in the propagating direction. 2. The measurement chip of claim 1, wherein the area of the reaction part includes an area where the content of the reactant changes continuously in the perpendicular direction, over the given length in the propagating direction of the light. 3. The measurement chip of claim 1, wherein the area of the reaction part includes an area where the content of the reactant changes linearly in the perpendicular direction, over the given length in the propagating direction of the light. 4. The measurement chip of claim 1, wherein the content of the reactant is obtained by multiplying a content density of the reactant per unit length in the propagating direction of the light by the given length. 5. The measurement chip of claim 4, wherein the content density of the reactant is uniform, and the given length changes monotonously in the perpendicular direction. 6. The measurement chip of claim 4, wherein the content density of the reactant is uniform, and the given length changes continuously in the perpendicular direction. 7. The measurement chip of claim 4, wherein the content density of the reactant is uniform, and the given length changes linearly in the perpendicular direction. 8. The measurement chip of claim 4, wherein the given length is uniform in the perpendicular direction, and the content density of the reactant changes monotonously in the perpendicular direction. 9. The measurement chip of claim 1, wherein the reaction part changes a phase distribution of the light by a change in an index of refraction in the circumference of the propagation layer caused by the reaction of the substance to be detected and the reactant. 10. The measurement chip of claim 1, wherein the reaction part includes two reaction parts formed on both surfaces sandwiching the propagation layer. 11. The measurement chip of claim 1, wherein the light is a gauss beam. 12. A measuring device where the measurement chip of claim 1 is disposed, comprising:
a light source configured to lead the light to the introductory part of the measurement chip;
a photodetector configured to receive the light drawn from the drawn-out part; and
a controller configured to analyze a pattern of the light received by the photodetector. 13. The measuring device of claim 12, wherein the controller performs an analysis in which a change in the pattern of the light is analyzed. 14. The measuring device of claim 12, wherein the controller performs an analysis in which a change in the moving direction of the light is analyzed. 15. A measuring method, comprising the steps of:
introducing light into a propagation layer; on a surface of the propagation layer where a reactant that reacts to a substance to be detected is formed, changing a content of the reactant monotonously in a perpendicular direction perpendicular to a propagating direction of the light, over a given length in the propagating direction; and drawing the light from the propagation layer. 16. The measuring method of claim 15, wherein the content of the reactant is obtained by multiplying a content density of the reactant per unit length in the propagating direction of the light by the given length. 17. The measuring method of claim 15, comprising the step of analyzing a change in a pattern of the light caused by the reaction. 18. The measurement chip of claim 2, wherein the area of the reaction part includes an area where the content of the reactant changes linearly in the perpendicular direction, over the given length in the propagating direction of the light. 19. The measurement chip of claim 2, wherein the content of the reactant is obtained by multiplying a content density of the reactant per unit length in the propagating direction of the light by the given length. 20. The measurement chip of claim 3, wherein the content of the reactant is obtained by multiplying a content density of the reactant per unit length in the propagating direction of the light by the given length. | 2,400 |
340,919 | 16,801,171 | 2,473 | A package includes at least one memory component and an insulating encapsulation. The at least one memory component includes a stacked memory structure and a plurality of conductive posts. The stacked memory structure is laterally encapsulated in a molding compound. The conductive posts are disposed on an upper surface of the stacked memory structure. The upper surface of the stacked memory structure is exposed from the molding compound. The insulating encapsulation encapsulates the at least one memory component. The top surfaces of the conductive posts are exposed form the insulating encapsulation. A material of the molding compound is different a material of the insulating encapsulation. | 1. A package, comprising:
at least one memory component, including a stacked memory structure laterally encapsulated in a molding compound and a plurality of conductive posts, disposed on an upper surface of the stacked memory structure, and the upper surface of the stacked memory structure is exposed from the molding compound; and an insulating encapsulation, encapsulating the at least one memory component, wherein top surfaces of the plurality of conductive posts are exposed from the insulating encapsulation, and a material of the molding compound is different from a material of the insulating encapsulation. 2. The package of claim 1, wherein the insulating encapsulation comprises a covering portion and a sidewall portion, wherein the covering potion covers the upper surface and surrounds the plurality of conductive posts, and the sidewall portion covers sidewalls of the molding compound. 3. The package of claim 2, wherein the covering portion comprises an underfill layer, and a material of the underfill layer is different from the material of the insulating encapsulation. 4. The package of claim 1, wherein the at least one memory component includes a first memory component and a second memory component arranged side-by-side with a gap distance and the first and second memory components are encapsulated in the insulating encapsulation. 5. The package of claim 4, wherein the gap distance between the first and second memory components is less than 5000 microns. 6. The package of claim 1, wherein the stacked memory structure comprises a plurality of memory chips stacked over one another and a plurality of interconnecting structures electrically connects the plurality of memory chips. 7. The package of claim 1, wherein the at least one memory component comprises a high bandwidth memory (HBM) component. 8. A package, comprising;
a first insulating encapsulation; at least one memory component, encapsulated in the first insulating encapsulation, wherein the at least one memory component comprises a stacked memory structure molded in a molding compound, wherein the first insulating encapsulation comprises a covering portion and a side wall portion, the covering portion overlaying an upper surface of the stacked memory structure, and the side wall portion surrounds sidewalls of the at least one memory component; a second insulating encapsulation, encapsulating the at least one memory component and exposing the covering portion of the first insulating encapsulation, wherein the first insulating encapsulation is sandwiched between the second insulating encapsulation and the molding compound; a semiconductor chip structure, embedded in the second insulating encapsulation and arranged aside the at least one memory component; and a redistribution structure, overlaying and electrically connected to the at least one memory component and the semiconductor chip structure. 9. The package of claim 8, wherein the first insulating encapsulation and the second insulating encapsulation are made of different materials. 10. The package of claim 8, wherein a gap width between the at least one memory component and the semiconductor chip structure is smaller than a thickness of the side wall portion of the first insulating encapsulation. 11. The package of claim 8, wherein the covering portion comprises an underfill layer filled between the redistribution structure and the at least one memory component. 12. The package of claim 8, wherein a material of the covering portion is same as a material of the second insulating encapsulation. 13. The package of claim 8, wherein an adhesion between the first insulating encapsulation and the molding compound is greater than an adhesion between the second insulating encapsulation and the first insulating encapsulation. 14. The package of claim 8, further comprising a plurality of conductive posts disposed over the upper surface and exposed from the covering portion of the first insulating encapsulation to electrically connect the redistribution structure and the at least one memory component. 15. The package of claim 8, wherein the first insulating encapsulation and the molding compound are made of different materials. 16. The memory package of claim 8, wherein the stacked memory component comprises a plurality of memory chips interconnected and stacked over one another. 17. A manufacturing method of a package, comprising:
providing a carrier and disposing first and second memory components on the carrier, wherein the first memory component has a thickness different from a thickness of the second memory component; encapsulating the first and second memory components with a first encapsulation material; planarizing the first encapsulation material to form a first insulating encapsulation, to make the thickness of the first memory component substantially equal with the thickness of the second memory component with backsides of the first and second memory components exposed; cutting through the first insulating encapsulation to separate first die units including the first and/or second memory components encapsulated therein; disposing the first die units alongside second die units; encapsulating the first and second die units with a second encapsulation material, wherein the second encapsulation material is different from the first encapsulation material; planarizing the second encapsulation material to form a second insulating encapsulation and expose the first and second die units; and forming a redistribution structure over the second insulating encapsulation and the first and second die units to electrically connect the first and second die units. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising forming a plurality of conductive posts above an upper surface of each of the first and second memory components before the step of encapsulating the first and second memory components with the first encapsulation material to electrically connect the first and second memory components and the redistribution structure. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising providing an underfill layer filled between the redistribution structure and an upper surface of each of the first and second memory components. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein each of the first and second memory components comprises a stacked memory structure molded in a molding compound, wherein a material of the molding compound is different from the first encapsulation material and the second encapsulation material. | A package includes at least one memory component and an insulating encapsulation. The at least one memory component includes a stacked memory structure and a plurality of conductive posts. The stacked memory structure is laterally encapsulated in a molding compound. The conductive posts are disposed on an upper surface of the stacked memory structure. The upper surface of the stacked memory structure is exposed from the molding compound. The insulating encapsulation encapsulates the at least one memory component. The top surfaces of the conductive posts are exposed form the insulating encapsulation. A material of the molding compound is different a material of the insulating encapsulation.1. A package, comprising:
at least one memory component, including a stacked memory structure laterally encapsulated in a molding compound and a plurality of conductive posts, disposed on an upper surface of the stacked memory structure, and the upper surface of the stacked memory structure is exposed from the molding compound; and an insulating encapsulation, encapsulating the at least one memory component, wherein top surfaces of the plurality of conductive posts are exposed from the insulating encapsulation, and a material of the molding compound is different from a material of the insulating encapsulation. 2. The package of claim 1, wherein the insulating encapsulation comprises a covering portion and a sidewall portion, wherein the covering potion covers the upper surface and surrounds the plurality of conductive posts, and the sidewall portion covers sidewalls of the molding compound. 3. The package of claim 2, wherein the covering portion comprises an underfill layer, and a material of the underfill layer is different from the material of the insulating encapsulation. 4. The package of claim 1, wherein the at least one memory component includes a first memory component and a second memory component arranged side-by-side with a gap distance and the first and second memory components are encapsulated in the insulating encapsulation. 5. The package of claim 4, wherein the gap distance between the first and second memory components is less than 5000 microns. 6. The package of claim 1, wherein the stacked memory structure comprises a plurality of memory chips stacked over one another and a plurality of interconnecting structures electrically connects the plurality of memory chips. 7. The package of claim 1, wherein the at least one memory component comprises a high bandwidth memory (HBM) component. 8. A package, comprising;
a first insulating encapsulation; at least one memory component, encapsulated in the first insulating encapsulation, wherein the at least one memory component comprises a stacked memory structure molded in a molding compound, wherein the first insulating encapsulation comprises a covering portion and a side wall portion, the covering portion overlaying an upper surface of the stacked memory structure, and the side wall portion surrounds sidewalls of the at least one memory component; a second insulating encapsulation, encapsulating the at least one memory component and exposing the covering portion of the first insulating encapsulation, wherein the first insulating encapsulation is sandwiched between the second insulating encapsulation and the molding compound; a semiconductor chip structure, embedded in the second insulating encapsulation and arranged aside the at least one memory component; and a redistribution structure, overlaying and electrically connected to the at least one memory component and the semiconductor chip structure. 9. The package of claim 8, wherein the first insulating encapsulation and the second insulating encapsulation are made of different materials. 10. The package of claim 8, wherein a gap width between the at least one memory component and the semiconductor chip structure is smaller than a thickness of the side wall portion of the first insulating encapsulation. 11. The package of claim 8, wherein the covering portion comprises an underfill layer filled between the redistribution structure and the at least one memory component. 12. The package of claim 8, wherein a material of the covering portion is same as a material of the second insulating encapsulation. 13. The package of claim 8, wherein an adhesion between the first insulating encapsulation and the molding compound is greater than an adhesion between the second insulating encapsulation and the first insulating encapsulation. 14. The package of claim 8, further comprising a plurality of conductive posts disposed over the upper surface and exposed from the covering portion of the first insulating encapsulation to electrically connect the redistribution structure and the at least one memory component. 15. The package of claim 8, wherein the first insulating encapsulation and the molding compound are made of different materials. 16. The memory package of claim 8, wherein the stacked memory component comprises a plurality of memory chips interconnected and stacked over one another. 17. A manufacturing method of a package, comprising:
providing a carrier and disposing first and second memory components on the carrier, wherein the first memory component has a thickness different from a thickness of the second memory component; encapsulating the first and second memory components with a first encapsulation material; planarizing the first encapsulation material to form a first insulating encapsulation, to make the thickness of the first memory component substantially equal with the thickness of the second memory component with backsides of the first and second memory components exposed; cutting through the first insulating encapsulation to separate first die units including the first and/or second memory components encapsulated therein; disposing the first die units alongside second die units; encapsulating the first and second die units with a second encapsulation material, wherein the second encapsulation material is different from the first encapsulation material; planarizing the second encapsulation material to form a second insulating encapsulation and expose the first and second die units; and forming a redistribution structure over the second insulating encapsulation and the first and second die units to electrically connect the first and second die units. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising forming a plurality of conductive posts above an upper surface of each of the first and second memory components before the step of encapsulating the first and second memory components with the first encapsulation material to electrically connect the first and second memory components and the redistribution structure. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising providing an underfill layer filled between the redistribution structure and an upper surface of each of the first and second memory components. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein each of the first and second memory components comprises a stacked memory structure molded in a molding compound, wherein a material of the molding compound is different from the first encapsulation material and the second encapsulation material. | 2,400 |
340,920 | 16,714,323 | 2,473 | The present specification discloses a method for producing a hybrid structure which includes a first step of preparing a mesoporous silica mold; a second step of uniformly mixing and heating a metal chelate compound and the mold to obtain a precursor of the hybrid structure; and a third step of obtaining a hybrid structure by etching the precursor under acid conditions, and wherein the metal chelate compound includes one or more carbon atoms, one or more nitrogen atoms, and one or more metal atoms. | 1. A method for producing a hybrid structure comprising:
a first step of preparing a mesoporous silica mold; a second step of uniformly mixing and heating a metal chelate compound and the mold to obtain a precursor of a hybrid structure; and a third step of etching the precursor under acid conditions to obtain a hybrid structure, wherein the metal chelate compound includes one or more carbon atoms, one or more nitrogen atoms and one or more metal atoms. 2. The method of claim 1,
wherein the metal chelate compound is a metal phthalocyanine, and the metal of the metal phthalocyanine is a divalent transition metal ion. 3. The method of claim 2,
wherein the divalent transition metal ion is a divalent cobalt cation. 4. The method of claim 3,
wherein the heating of the second step is performed for 4 to 6 hours at thermal conditions of 600□ to 1500□. 5. The method of claim 4,
wherein the mold and the metal phthalocyanine are uniformly mixed in the mass ratio of 1:0.8 to 1:2. 6. A hybrid structure comprising:
a mesoporous carbon structure; and a carbon nanotube formed from the surface of the mesoporous carbon structure, wherein the mesoporous carbon structure and the carbon nanotube each contain one or more nitrogen atoms. 7. A method for producing a sulfur-hybrid complex comprising:
a first step of preparing a mesoporous silica mold; a second step of uniformly mixing and heating a metal chelate compound and the mold to obtain a precursor of a hybrid structure; a third step of etching the precursor under acid conditions to obtain a hybrid structure, and a fourth step of mixing the hybrid structure and molten sulfur to obtain a sulfur-hybrid complex, wherein the metal chelate compound includes one or more carbon atoms, one or more nitrogen atoms and one or more metal atoms. 8. A sulfur-hybrid complex comprising:
a mesoporous carbon structure; and a carbon nanotube formed on the surface of the mesoporous carbon structure, and wherein the mesoporous carbon structure and the carbon nanotube each contain one or more nitrogen atoms, wherein a sulfur layer is formed on the surface of the mesoporous carbon structure and the surface of the carbon nanotube. | The present specification discloses a method for producing a hybrid structure which includes a first step of preparing a mesoporous silica mold; a second step of uniformly mixing and heating a metal chelate compound and the mold to obtain a precursor of the hybrid structure; and a third step of obtaining a hybrid structure by etching the precursor under acid conditions, and wherein the metal chelate compound includes one or more carbon atoms, one or more nitrogen atoms, and one or more metal atoms.1. A method for producing a hybrid structure comprising:
a first step of preparing a mesoporous silica mold; a second step of uniformly mixing and heating a metal chelate compound and the mold to obtain a precursor of a hybrid structure; and a third step of etching the precursor under acid conditions to obtain a hybrid structure, wherein the metal chelate compound includes one or more carbon atoms, one or more nitrogen atoms and one or more metal atoms. 2. The method of claim 1,
wherein the metal chelate compound is a metal phthalocyanine, and the metal of the metal phthalocyanine is a divalent transition metal ion. 3. The method of claim 2,
wherein the divalent transition metal ion is a divalent cobalt cation. 4. The method of claim 3,
wherein the heating of the second step is performed for 4 to 6 hours at thermal conditions of 600□ to 1500□. 5. The method of claim 4,
wherein the mold and the metal phthalocyanine are uniformly mixed in the mass ratio of 1:0.8 to 1:2. 6. A hybrid structure comprising:
a mesoporous carbon structure; and a carbon nanotube formed from the surface of the mesoporous carbon structure, wherein the mesoporous carbon structure and the carbon nanotube each contain one or more nitrogen atoms. 7. A method for producing a sulfur-hybrid complex comprising:
a first step of preparing a mesoporous silica mold; a second step of uniformly mixing and heating a metal chelate compound and the mold to obtain a precursor of a hybrid structure; a third step of etching the precursor under acid conditions to obtain a hybrid structure, and a fourth step of mixing the hybrid structure and molten sulfur to obtain a sulfur-hybrid complex, wherein the metal chelate compound includes one or more carbon atoms, one or more nitrogen atoms and one or more metal atoms. 8. A sulfur-hybrid complex comprising:
a mesoporous carbon structure; and a carbon nanotube formed on the surface of the mesoporous carbon structure, and wherein the mesoporous carbon structure and the carbon nanotube each contain one or more nitrogen atoms, wherein a sulfur layer is formed on the surface of the mesoporous carbon structure and the surface of the carbon nanotube. | 2,400 |
340,921 | 16,801,149 | 2,473 | A TFT substrate and a display panel. The TFT substrate includes a substrate, a functional layer, and an insulating layer. The functional layer includes an active layer and a gate electrode sequentially disposed on the substrate. The insulating layer includes a gate insulating layer and an interlayer insulating layer. The gate insulating layer is disposed on the substrate and covering the active layer. The interlayer insulating layer is disposed on the gate insulating layer and covering the gate electrode. The interlayer insulating layer defines a first hollowed-out region at a position corresponding to two ends of the active layer. And the first hollowed-out region is filled with a flexible organic material. | 1. A TFT substrate, comprising:
a substrate; a functional layer comprising an active layer and a gate electrode sequentially disposed on the substrate; and an insulating layer comprising a gate insulating layer and an interlayer insulating layer, the gate insulating later being disposed on the substrate and overlaying the active layer, and the interlayer insulating layer being disposed on the gate insulating layer and overlaying the gate electrode, wherein the interlayer insulating layer defines a first hollowed-out region at a position corresponding to two ends of the active layer, and the first hollowed-out region is filled with a flexible organic material. 2. The TFT substrate of claim 1, wherein a width of the interlayer insulating layer located between two first hollowed-out regions is greater than or equal to a width of the active layer. 3. The TFT substrate of claim 1, wherein the flexible organic material comprises a first flexible organic layer and a second flexible organic layer located above the first flexible organic layer, and a material of the second flexible organic layer is different from a material of the first flexible organic layer. 4. The TFT substrate of claim 3, wherein the first flexible organic layer is a non-Newtonian fluid. 5. The TFT substrate of claim 3, wherein the second flexible organic layer is a planarization layer. 6. The TFT substrate of claim 1, wherein the gate insulating layer defines a second hollowed-out region at a position corresponding to the two ends of the active layer, and the flexible organic material is filled in the second hollowed-out region. 7. The TFT substrate of claim 6, wherein the functional layer further comprises a source electrode and a drain electrode, and the insulating layer further comprises a protecting layer overlaying the source electrode and the drain electrode. 8. The TFT substrate of claim 7, wherein the protecting layer further covers the interlayer insulating layer located between the source electrode and the drain electrode. 9. The TFT substrate of claim 7, further comprising a buffer layer overlaying the substrate, wherein the flexible organic material is in contact with the buffer layer, the insulating layer further comprises a barrier layer disposed between the buffer layer and the active layer, the barrier layer defines a third hollowed-out region at a position corresponding to the two ends of the active layer, and the flexible organic material is in contact with the buffer layer and further filled in the third hollowed-out region. 10. The TFT substrate of claim 9, wherein a width of the barrier layer is greater than or equal to a width of the active layer. 11. The TFT substrate of claim 9, wherein the first hollowed-out region, the second hollowed-out region, and the third hollowed-out region are in communication with each other, so that the first hollowed-out region, the second hollowed-out region, and the third hollowed-out region are continuously filled with the flexible organic material. 12. The TFT substrate of claim 1, wherein the flexible organic material comprises at least one of polyacrylate and polyimide. 13. The TFT substrate of claim 1, wherein a material of the insulating layer comprises at least one of silicon oxide and silicon nitride. 14. The TFT substrate of claim 1, wherein the TFT substrate comprises a plurality of alternately stacked functional layers and insulating layers, the plurality of alternately stacked functional layers and insulating layers is characterized by a patterned structure, and an overlapping area exists between a projection of the patterned structure of each of the functional layers on the substrate and a projection of the patterned structure of each of the insulating layers on the substrate. 15. A display panel comprising the TFT substrate of claim 1. 16. The display panel of claim 15, further comprising:
a light-emitting structure disposed on the TFT substrate, the light-emitting structure comprising a first electrode, an organic light-emitting layer, and a second electrode stacked with each other; the organic light-emitting layer comprising pixels and a pixel defining layer disposed between adjacent pixels; the pixel defining layer defines a channel structure between two adjacent pixels. 17. The display panel of claim 16, wherein the light-emitting structure is an OLED structure. | A TFT substrate and a display panel. The TFT substrate includes a substrate, a functional layer, and an insulating layer. The functional layer includes an active layer and a gate electrode sequentially disposed on the substrate. The insulating layer includes a gate insulating layer and an interlayer insulating layer. The gate insulating layer is disposed on the substrate and covering the active layer. The interlayer insulating layer is disposed on the gate insulating layer and covering the gate electrode. The interlayer insulating layer defines a first hollowed-out region at a position corresponding to two ends of the active layer. And the first hollowed-out region is filled with a flexible organic material.1. A TFT substrate, comprising:
a substrate; a functional layer comprising an active layer and a gate electrode sequentially disposed on the substrate; and an insulating layer comprising a gate insulating layer and an interlayer insulating layer, the gate insulating later being disposed on the substrate and overlaying the active layer, and the interlayer insulating layer being disposed on the gate insulating layer and overlaying the gate electrode, wherein the interlayer insulating layer defines a first hollowed-out region at a position corresponding to two ends of the active layer, and the first hollowed-out region is filled with a flexible organic material. 2. The TFT substrate of claim 1, wherein a width of the interlayer insulating layer located between two first hollowed-out regions is greater than or equal to a width of the active layer. 3. The TFT substrate of claim 1, wherein the flexible organic material comprises a first flexible organic layer and a second flexible organic layer located above the first flexible organic layer, and a material of the second flexible organic layer is different from a material of the first flexible organic layer. 4. The TFT substrate of claim 3, wherein the first flexible organic layer is a non-Newtonian fluid. 5. The TFT substrate of claim 3, wherein the second flexible organic layer is a planarization layer. 6. The TFT substrate of claim 1, wherein the gate insulating layer defines a second hollowed-out region at a position corresponding to the two ends of the active layer, and the flexible organic material is filled in the second hollowed-out region. 7. The TFT substrate of claim 6, wherein the functional layer further comprises a source electrode and a drain electrode, and the insulating layer further comprises a protecting layer overlaying the source electrode and the drain electrode. 8. The TFT substrate of claim 7, wherein the protecting layer further covers the interlayer insulating layer located between the source electrode and the drain electrode. 9. The TFT substrate of claim 7, further comprising a buffer layer overlaying the substrate, wherein the flexible organic material is in contact with the buffer layer, the insulating layer further comprises a barrier layer disposed between the buffer layer and the active layer, the barrier layer defines a third hollowed-out region at a position corresponding to the two ends of the active layer, and the flexible organic material is in contact with the buffer layer and further filled in the third hollowed-out region. 10. The TFT substrate of claim 9, wherein a width of the barrier layer is greater than or equal to a width of the active layer. 11. The TFT substrate of claim 9, wherein the first hollowed-out region, the second hollowed-out region, and the third hollowed-out region are in communication with each other, so that the first hollowed-out region, the second hollowed-out region, and the third hollowed-out region are continuously filled with the flexible organic material. 12. The TFT substrate of claim 1, wherein the flexible organic material comprises at least one of polyacrylate and polyimide. 13. The TFT substrate of claim 1, wherein a material of the insulating layer comprises at least one of silicon oxide and silicon nitride. 14. The TFT substrate of claim 1, wherein the TFT substrate comprises a plurality of alternately stacked functional layers and insulating layers, the plurality of alternately stacked functional layers and insulating layers is characterized by a patterned structure, and an overlapping area exists between a projection of the patterned structure of each of the functional layers on the substrate and a projection of the patterned structure of each of the insulating layers on the substrate. 15. A display panel comprising the TFT substrate of claim 1. 16. The display panel of claim 15, further comprising:
a light-emitting structure disposed on the TFT substrate, the light-emitting structure comprising a first electrode, an organic light-emitting layer, and a second electrode stacked with each other; the organic light-emitting layer comprising pixels and a pixel defining layer disposed between adjacent pixels; the pixel defining layer defines a channel structure between two adjacent pixels. 17. The display panel of claim 16, wherein the light-emitting structure is an OLED structure. | 2,400 |
340,922 | 16,801,207 | 2,473 | A semiconductor memory device according to an embodiment includes a substrate, a first conductive layer provided across a first region and a second region of the substrate, a second conductive layer disposed above the first conductive layer to be away from the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer being provided across the first region and the second region, a pillar passing through the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in a first direction in the second region, the pillar including a semiconductor film, a charge storage film provided between the semiconductor film and the first conductive layer and between the semiconductor film and the second conductive layer, a first insulating layer provided between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in the first region, the first insulating layer containing a first insulating material, the first insulating material being silicon oxide, a second insulating layer provided between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in the second region, the second insulating layer containing a second insulating material having a higher dielectric constant than a dielectric constant of the silicon oxide, a dividing film configured to divide the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer, and the second insulating layer in a second direction intersecting with the first direction across the first region and the second region, and a third insulating layer provided between the dividing film and the second insulating layer, the third insulating layer containing the first insulating material, the third insulating layer being in contact with the first insulating layer. | 1. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first conductive layer including a first region and a second region; a second conductive layer disposed above the first conductive layer to be away from the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer being provided across the first region and the second region; a pillar passing through the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in a first direction in the second region, the pillar including a semiconductor film; a charge storage film provided between the semiconductor film and the first conductive layer and between the semiconductor film and the second conductive layer; a first insulating layer provided between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in the first region, the first insulating layer containing a first insulating material, the first insulating material being silicon oxide; a second insulating layer provided between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in the second region, the second insulating layer containing a second insulating material having a higher dielectric constant than a dielectric constant of the silicon oxide; a dividing film configured to divide the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer, the first insulating layer, and the second insulating layer in a second direction intersecting with the first direction across the first region and the second region; and a third insulating layer provided between the dividing film and the second insulating layer, the third insulating layer containing the first insulating material, the third insulating layer being in contact with the first insulating layer. 2. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, further comprising an insulating film provided between the second insulating layer and the charge storage film, wherein the second insulating material is mixed in the insulating film. 3. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, further comprising an insulating film provided between the second insulating layer and the charge storage film, the insulating film containing the second insulating material. 4. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein the second insulating layer is in contact with the first conductive layer. 5. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein the second insulating layer is in contact with the second conductive layer. 6. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein the pillar includes a first pillar portion passing through the first conductive layer, a second pillar portion passing through the second conductive layer, and a third pillar portion provided between the first pillar portion and the second pillar portion, the third pillar portion having a longer diameter than a diameter of the first pillar portion and a diameter of the second pillar portion. 7. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 6, wherein the diameter of the first pillar portion is longer than the diameter of the second pillar portion. 8. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first conductive layer; a second conductive layer disposed above the first conductive layer; a first pillar portion passing through the first conductive layer in a first direction, the first pillar portion including a first semiconductor film; a second pillar portion provided above the first pillar portion, the second pillar portion passing through the second conductive layer in the first direction, the second pillar portion including a second semiconductor film, the second pillar portion being connected to the first pillar portion between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in the first direction; a first charge storage film provided between the first semiconductor film and the first conductive layer; a second charge storage film provided between the second semiconductor film and the second conductive layer; a second insulating layer provided between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, the second insulating layer containing a second insulating material having a higher dielectric constant than a dielectric constant of a first insulating material, the first insulating material being silicon oxide; and an insulating film provided between the first charge storage film and the second insulating layer or between the second charge storage film and the second insulating layer, the insulating film having the second insulating material mixed. 9. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 8, further comprising a third pillar portion provided between the first pillar portion and the second pillar portion, the third pillar portion having a longer diameter than a diameter of the first pillar portion. 10. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 9, wherein the insulating film is further provided between the third pillar portion and the second insulating layer. 11. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 8, further comprising:
a dividing film configured to divide the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer, and the second insulating layer in a second direction intersecting with the first direction; and a third insulating layer provided between the dividing film and the second insulating layer, the third insulating layer containing the first insulating material. 12. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 8, wherein the second insulating layer is in contact with the first conductive layer. 13. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 8, wherein the second insulating layer is in contact with the second conductive layer. 14. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first conductive layer; a second conductive layer disposed above the first conductive layer; a first pillar portion passing through the first conductive layer in a first direction, the first pillar portion including a first semiconductor film; a second pillar portion provided above the first pillar portion, the second pillar portion passing through the second conductive layer in the first direction, the second pillar portion including a second semiconductor film, the second pillar portion being connected to the first pillar portion between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in the first direction; a first charge storage film provided between the first semiconductor film and the first conductive layer; a second charge storage film provided between the second semiconductor film and the second conductive layer; a second insulating layer provided between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, the second insulating layer containing a second insulating material having a higher dielectric constant than a dielectric constant of a first insulating material, the first insulating material being silicon oxide; and an insulating film provided between the first charge storage film and the second insulating layer or between the second charge storage film and the second insulating layer, the insulating film containing the second insulating material. 15. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 14, further comprising a third pillar portion provided between the first pillar portion and the second pillar portion, the third pillar portion having a longer diameter than a diameter of the first pillar portion. 16. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 15, wherein the insulating film is further provided between the third pillar portion and the second insulating layer. 17. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 14, further comprising:
a dividing film configured to divide the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer, and the second insulating layer in a second direction intersecting with the first direction; and a third insulating layer provided between the dividing film and the second insulating layer, the third insulating layer containing the first insulating material. 18. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 14, wherein the second insulating layer is in contact with the first conductive layer. 19. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 14, wherein the second insulating layer is in contact with the second conductive layer. | A semiconductor memory device according to an embodiment includes a substrate, a first conductive layer provided across a first region and a second region of the substrate, a second conductive layer disposed above the first conductive layer to be away from the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer being provided across the first region and the second region, a pillar passing through the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in a first direction in the second region, the pillar including a semiconductor film, a charge storage film provided between the semiconductor film and the first conductive layer and between the semiconductor film and the second conductive layer, a first insulating layer provided between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in the first region, the first insulating layer containing a first insulating material, the first insulating material being silicon oxide, a second insulating layer provided between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in the second region, the second insulating layer containing a second insulating material having a higher dielectric constant than a dielectric constant of the silicon oxide, a dividing film configured to divide the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer, and the second insulating layer in a second direction intersecting with the first direction across the first region and the second region, and a third insulating layer provided between the dividing film and the second insulating layer, the third insulating layer containing the first insulating material, the third insulating layer being in contact with the first insulating layer.1. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first conductive layer including a first region and a second region; a second conductive layer disposed above the first conductive layer to be away from the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer being provided across the first region and the second region; a pillar passing through the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in a first direction in the second region, the pillar including a semiconductor film; a charge storage film provided between the semiconductor film and the first conductive layer and between the semiconductor film and the second conductive layer; a first insulating layer provided between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in the first region, the first insulating layer containing a first insulating material, the first insulating material being silicon oxide; a second insulating layer provided between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in the second region, the second insulating layer containing a second insulating material having a higher dielectric constant than a dielectric constant of the silicon oxide; a dividing film configured to divide the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer, the first insulating layer, and the second insulating layer in a second direction intersecting with the first direction across the first region and the second region; and a third insulating layer provided between the dividing film and the second insulating layer, the third insulating layer containing the first insulating material, the third insulating layer being in contact with the first insulating layer. 2. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, further comprising an insulating film provided between the second insulating layer and the charge storage film, wherein the second insulating material is mixed in the insulating film. 3. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, further comprising an insulating film provided between the second insulating layer and the charge storage film, the insulating film containing the second insulating material. 4. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein the second insulating layer is in contact with the first conductive layer. 5. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein the second insulating layer is in contact with the second conductive layer. 6. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 1, wherein the pillar includes a first pillar portion passing through the first conductive layer, a second pillar portion passing through the second conductive layer, and a third pillar portion provided between the first pillar portion and the second pillar portion, the third pillar portion having a longer diameter than a diameter of the first pillar portion and a diameter of the second pillar portion. 7. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 6, wherein the diameter of the first pillar portion is longer than the diameter of the second pillar portion. 8. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first conductive layer; a second conductive layer disposed above the first conductive layer; a first pillar portion passing through the first conductive layer in a first direction, the first pillar portion including a first semiconductor film; a second pillar portion provided above the first pillar portion, the second pillar portion passing through the second conductive layer in the first direction, the second pillar portion including a second semiconductor film, the second pillar portion being connected to the first pillar portion between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in the first direction; a first charge storage film provided between the first semiconductor film and the first conductive layer; a second charge storage film provided between the second semiconductor film and the second conductive layer; a second insulating layer provided between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, the second insulating layer containing a second insulating material having a higher dielectric constant than a dielectric constant of a first insulating material, the first insulating material being silicon oxide; and an insulating film provided between the first charge storage film and the second insulating layer or between the second charge storage film and the second insulating layer, the insulating film having the second insulating material mixed. 9. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 8, further comprising a third pillar portion provided between the first pillar portion and the second pillar portion, the third pillar portion having a longer diameter than a diameter of the first pillar portion. 10. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 9, wherein the insulating film is further provided between the third pillar portion and the second insulating layer. 11. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 8, further comprising:
a dividing film configured to divide the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer, and the second insulating layer in a second direction intersecting with the first direction; and a third insulating layer provided between the dividing film and the second insulating layer, the third insulating layer containing the first insulating material. 12. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 8, wherein the second insulating layer is in contact with the first conductive layer. 13. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 8, wherein the second insulating layer is in contact with the second conductive layer. 14. A semiconductor memory device comprising:
a first conductive layer; a second conductive layer disposed above the first conductive layer; a first pillar portion passing through the first conductive layer in a first direction, the first pillar portion including a first semiconductor film; a second pillar portion provided above the first pillar portion, the second pillar portion passing through the second conductive layer in the first direction, the second pillar portion including a second semiconductor film, the second pillar portion being connected to the first pillar portion between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer in the first direction; a first charge storage film provided between the first semiconductor film and the first conductive layer; a second charge storage film provided between the second semiconductor film and the second conductive layer; a second insulating layer provided between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, the second insulating layer containing a second insulating material having a higher dielectric constant than a dielectric constant of a first insulating material, the first insulating material being silicon oxide; and an insulating film provided between the first charge storage film and the second insulating layer or between the second charge storage film and the second insulating layer, the insulating film containing the second insulating material. 15. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 14, further comprising a third pillar portion provided between the first pillar portion and the second pillar portion, the third pillar portion having a longer diameter than a diameter of the first pillar portion. 16. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 15, wherein the insulating film is further provided between the third pillar portion and the second insulating layer. 17. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 14, further comprising:
a dividing film configured to divide the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer, and the second insulating layer in a second direction intersecting with the first direction; and a third insulating layer provided between the dividing film and the second insulating layer, the third insulating layer containing the first insulating material. 18. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 14, wherein the second insulating layer is in contact with the first conductive layer. 19. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 14, wherein the second insulating layer is in contact with the second conductive layer. | 2,400 |
340,923 | 16,801,204 | 2,473 | A die for growing a single crystal by an Edge-defined Film-fed Growth (EFG) technique includes a first outer die plate; a second outer die plate; and at least one central die plate positioned between the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate such that at least two capillaries are formed between the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate. First ends of the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate have a slope extending away from at least one of the at least two capillaries to form a growth interface at a top of the die. Second ends of the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate are immersed in a raw material melt provided in a crucible. The raw material melt is configured to travel to the growth interface by capillary flow of the raw material melt through the at least two capillaries. | 1. A die for growing a single crystal by an Edge-defined Film-fed Growth (EFG) technique, the die comprising:
a first outer die plate having a generally rectangular shape; a second outer die plate having a generally rectangular shape; and at least one central die plate positioned between the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate such that at least two capillaries are formed between the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate, wherein first ends of the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate have a slope extending away from at least one of the at least two capillaries to form a growth interface at a top of the die, second ends of the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate are immersed in a raw material melt provided in a crucible, and the raw material melt is configured to travel to the growth interface by capillary flow of the raw material melt through the at least two capillaries. 2. The die of claim 1, wherein the at least one central die plate has a first end having a pair of angled surfaces meeting at a point. 3. The die of claim 2, wherein the pair of angled surfaces meeting at a point forms a knife edge. 4. The die of claim 3, wherein the knife edge has a radius of curvature of less than 50 microns. 5. The die of claim 3, wherein the knife edge is configured to provide laminar flow at a point where the at least two capillaries merge at the growth interface. 6. The die of claim 3, wherein the angled surfaces are provided at an angle of 1 to 30 degrees relative to the longitudinal axis of the central die plate. 7. The die of claim 1, wherein a plurality of spacers are provided between the first outer die plate and the at least one central die plate and between the second outer die plate and the at least one central die plate. 8. The die of claim 1, wherein the at least one central die plate comprises a first central die plate and a second central die plate. 9. The die of claim 8, wherein a first end of the first central die plate has a slope that matches the slope of the first end of the first outer die plate and a first end of the second central die plate has a slope that matches the slope of the first end of the second outer die plate. 10. The die of claim 9, wherein the first end of the first central plate comprises an angled knife edge configured to direct and merge the raw material melt from at least two of the capillaries at the growth interface and the first end of the second central plate comprises an angled knife edge configured to direct and merge the raw material melt from at least two of the capillaries at the growth interface. 11. The die of claim 10, wherein the first ends of the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate each comprise a chamfered surface prior to the slope. 12. The die of claim 8, wherein a plurality of spacers are provided between the first outer die plate and the first central die plate, between the first central die plate and the second central die plate, and between the second outer die plate and the second central die plate. 13. An apparatus for growing a crystal, the apparatus comprising:
a crucible configured to contain a liquid melt; and a die located above the growth crucible, the die comprising:
a first outer die plate having a generally rectangular shape;
a second outer die plate having a generally rectangular shape;
and at least one central die plate positioned between the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate such that at least two capillaries are formed between the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate,
wherein first ends of the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate have a slope extending away from at least one of the at least two capillaries to form a growth interface at a top of the die, second ends of the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate are immersed in the liquid melt provided in the crucible, and the liquid melt is configured to travel to the growth interface by capillary flow of the raw material melt through the at least two capillaries. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the at least one central die plate has a first end having a pair of angled surfaces meeting at a point. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the pair of angled surfaces meeting at a point forms a knife edge. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the knife edge has a radius of curvature of less than 50 microns. 17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the knife edge is configured to provide laminar flow at a point where the at least two capillaries merge at the growth interface. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the angled surfaces are provided at an angle of 1 to 30 degrees relative to the longitudinal axis of the central die plate. 19. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein a plurality of spacers are provided between the first outer die plate and the at least one central die plate and between the second outer die plate and the at least one central die plate. 20. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the at least one central die plate comprises a first central die plate and a second central die plate. 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein a first end of the first central die plate has a slope that matches the slope of the first end of the first outer die plate and a first end of the second central die plate has a slope that matches the slope of the first end of the second outer die plate. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the first end of the first central plate comprises an angled knife edge configured to direct and merge the raw material melt from at least two of the capillaries at the growth interface and the first end of the second central plate comprises an angled knife edge configured to direct and merge the raw material melt from at least two of the capillaries at the growth interface. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the first ends of the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate each comprise a chamfered surface prior to the slope. 24. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein a plurality of spacers are provided between the first outer die plate and the first central die plate, between the first central die plate and the second central die plate, and between the second outer die plate and the second central die plate. | A die for growing a single crystal by an Edge-defined Film-fed Growth (EFG) technique includes a first outer die plate; a second outer die plate; and at least one central die plate positioned between the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate such that at least two capillaries are formed between the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate. First ends of the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate have a slope extending away from at least one of the at least two capillaries to form a growth interface at a top of the die. Second ends of the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate are immersed in a raw material melt provided in a crucible. The raw material melt is configured to travel to the growth interface by capillary flow of the raw material melt through the at least two capillaries.1. A die for growing a single crystal by an Edge-defined Film-fed Growth (EFG) technique, the die comprising:
a first outer die plate having a generally rectangular shape; a second outer die plate having a generally rectangular shape; and at least one central die plate positioned between the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate such that at least two capillaries are formed between the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate, wherein first ends of the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate have a slope extending away from at least one of the at least two capillaries to form a growth interface at a top of the die, second ends of the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate are immersed in a raw material melt provided in a crucible, and the raw material melt is configured to travel to the growth interface by capillary flow of the raw material melt through the at least two capillaries. 2. The die of claim 1, wherein the at least one central die plate has a first end having a pair of angled surfaces meeting at a point. 3. The die of claim 2, wherein the pair of angled surfaces meeting at a point forms a knife edge. 4. The die of claim 3, wherein the knife edge has a radius of curvature of less than 50 microns. 5. The die of claim 3, wherein the knife edge is configured to provide laminar flow at a point where the at least two capillaries merge at the growth interface. 6. The die of claim 3, wherein the angled surfaces are provided at an angle of 1 to 30 degrees relative to the longitudinal axis of the central die plate. 7. The die of claim 1, wherein a plurality of spacers are provided between the first outer die plate and the at least one central die plate and between the second outer die plate and the at least one central die plate. 8. The die of claim 1, wherein the at least one central die plate comprises a first central die plate and a second central die plate. 9. The die of claim 8, wherein a first end of the first central die plate has a slope that matches the slope of the first end of the first outer die plate and a first end of the second central die plate has a slope that matches the slope of the first end of the second outer die plate. 10. The die of claim 9, wherein the first end of the first central plate comprises an angled knife edge configured to direct and merge the raw material melt from at least two of the capillaries at the growth interface and the first end of the second central plate comprises an angled knife edge configured to direct and merge the raw material melt from at least two of the capillaries at the growth interface. 11. The die of claim 10, wherein the first ends of the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate each comprise a chamfered surface prior to the slope. 12. The die of claim 8, wherein a plurality of spacers are provided between the first outer die plate and the first central die plate, between the first central die plate and the second central die plate, and between the second outer die plate and the second central die plate. 13. An apparatus for growing a crystal, the apparatus comprising:
a crucible configured to contain a liquid melt; and a die located above the growth crucible, the die comprising:
a first outer die plate having a generally rectangular shape;
a second outer die plate having a generally rectangular shape;
and at least one central die plate positioned between the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate such that at least two capillaries are formed between the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate,
wherein first ends of the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate have a slope extending away from at least one of the at least two capillaries to form a growth interface at a top of the die, second ends of the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate are immersed in the liquid melt provided in the crucible, and the liquid melt is configured to travel to the growth interface by capillary flow of the raw material melt through the at least two capillaries. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the at least one central die plate has a first end having a pair of angled surfaces meeting at a point. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the pair of angled surfaces meeting at a point forms a knife edge. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the knife edge has a radius of curvature of less than 50 microns. 17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the knife edge is configured to provide laminar flow at a point where the at least two capillaries merge at the growth interface. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the angled surfaces are provided at an angle of 1 to 30 degrees relative to the longitudinal axis of the central die plate. 19. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein a plurality of spacers are provided between the first outer die plate and the at least one central die plate and between the second outer die plate and the at least one central die plate. 20. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the at least one central die plate comprises a first central die plate and a second central die plate. 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein a first end of the first central die plate has a slope that matches the slope of the first end of the first outer die plate and a first end of the second central die plate has a slope that matches the slope of the first end of the second outer die plate. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the first end of the first central plate comprises an angled knife edge configured to direct and merge the raw material melt from at least two of the capillaries at the growth interface and the first end of the second central plate comprises an angled knife edge configured to direct and merge the raw material melt from at least two of the capillaries at the growth interface. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the first ends of the first outer die plate and the second outer die plate each comprise a chamfered surface prior to the slope. 24. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein a plurality of spacers are provided between the first outer die plate and the first central die plate, between the first central die plate and the second central die plate, and between the second outer die plate and the second central die plate. | 2,400 |
340,924 | 16,801,208 | 2,473 | A computer network (1) adapted to provide secured access to online applications hosted on application servers (10) to a requesting user (U). The network (1) comprises a login security server (20) configured for deciding access for the user based on data contained in a central generic access control file (32) and in the access request, The network (1) further comprises a centralized user identification component (40) configured for receiving identification data from user through a central login panel (42) and for sending an access grant or denial command to the application servers (10). | 1. A computer network adapted to provide secured access to applications for a user, said computer network comprising:
at least one application server hosting a plurality of applications, said at least one application server being adapted to receive an access request emitted by the user and to grant access to at least one of the plurality of applications; a login security server configured for deciding access for the user based on data contained in a central generic access control file and in the access request; said computer network further comprising a centralized user identification component adapted to interface with the at least one application server and the login security server, said at least one application server being configured to transmit the access request to the centralized user identification component, said access request comprising a list of at least one requested application; and said centralized user identification component is configured for:
receiving the transmitted access request;
displaying a central login panel to the user, said central login panel being adapted according to the at least one requested application;
receiving identification data of the user from the central login panel;
transmitting said identification data and the list of at least one requested applications to the login security server;
retrieving from the login security server an access grant or denial command for each of the at least one requested application; and
sending said access grant or denial command to the at least one application server. 2. The computer network according to claim 1, wherein the central login panel is associated with a cache memory adapted to store static non transactional data associated to said at least one requested application, at least part of said static non transactional data being displayed to the user by the central login panel, upon display of the central login panel. 3. The computer network according to claim 2, wherein the static non transactional data are distributed to the cache memory by means of a Content Delivery Network architecture. 4. The computer network according to claim 2, wherein said non transactional data are selected by the centralized user identification component based on a user current location and said at least one requested application. 5. The computer network according to claim 1, wherein the central login panel is hosted in a server located close to the user, such as the server being located in the same country as the user. 6. The computer network according to claim 1, wherein the centralized user identification component is hosted by one of the servers of the computer network, in particular the login security server. 7. The computer network according to claim 1, wherein the computer network further comprises;
a generic access control file size reducing component configured for:
retrieving data contained in the generic access control file, said data including access rights to said applications for a plurality of users; and
eliminating redundant and/or obsolete data from the central generic access control file so as to form a purged generic access control file; and
a cache memory associated with the at least one application server for storing at least part of the data contained in the purged generic access control file. 8. The computer network according to claim 7, wherein the generic access control file size reducing component is further configured for splitting the purged central generic access control file into application-specific files so as to form a purged application-specific generic access control file prior to storing said file to said cache memory. 9. The computer network according to claim 7, wherein the generic access control file size reducing component (50) is adapted to access the generic access control file upon request. 10. The computer network according to claim 7, wherein the generic access control file size reducing component is adapted to intercept and analyze the access grant or denial commands that are transmitted from the centralized user identification component to said at least one application server and update the generic access control file based on the analysis. 11. The computer network according to claim 7, wherein the generic access control file or sized-purged or reduced generic access control file is an SQL-compliant file or database, in particular SQLite-compliant. 12. The computer network according to claim 1, wherein the centralized user identification component is implemented with a light HTML/JQuery framework using cross-origin resource sharing technology as a communication language. 13. A method for centralized user identification in a network, the method comprising, at a centralized user identification component of the network:
receiving an access request from at least one application server, the access request comprising a list of at least one requested application; displaying a central login panel to the user, said central login panel being adapted according to the at least one requested application; receiving identification data of the user from the central login panel; transmitting said identification data and the list of at least one requested applications to a login security server of the network; retrieving from the login security server an access grant or denial command for each of the at least one requested application; and sending said access grant or denial command to at least one application server of the network to grant access to the at least one requested application. 14. A computer program product comprising program code instructions stored on a computer readable medium to execute the method steps according to claim 13 when said program is executed on a computer. 15. A computer system acting as a centralized user identification component of a network, the computer system being adapted to interface with at least one application server and the login security server of the network, and in that said centralized user identification component is configured to:
receive an access request from the at least one application server, the access request comprising a list of at least one requested application; display a central login panel to the user, said central login panel being adapted according to the at least one requested application; receive identification data of the user from the central login panel; transmit said identification data and the list of at least one requested applications to the login security server; retrieve from the login security server an access grant or denial command for each of the at least one requested application; and send said access grant or denial command to at least one application server of the network to grant access to the at least one requested application. | A computer network (1) adapted to provide secured access to online applications hosted on application servers (10) to a requesting user (U). The network (1) comprises a login security server (20) configured for deciding access for the user based on data contained in a central generic access control file (32) and in the access request, The network (1) further comprises a centralized user identification component (40) configured for receiving identification data from user through a central login panel (42) and for sending an access grant or denial command to the application servers (10).1. A computer network adapted to provide secured access to applications for a user, said computer network comprising:
at least one application server hosting a plurality of applications, said at least one application server being adapted to receive an access request emitted by the user and to grant access to at least one of the plurality of applications; a login security server configured for deciding access for the user based on data contained in a central generic access control file and in the access request; said computer network further comprising a centralized user identification component adapted to interface with the at least one application server and the login security server, said at least one application server being configured to transmit the access request to the centralized user identification component, said access request comprising a list of at least one requested application; and said centralized user identification component is configured for:
receiving the transmitted access request;
displaying a central login panel to the user, said central login panel being adapted according to the at least one requested application;
receiving identification data of the user from the central login panel;
transmitting said identification data and the list of at least one requested applications to the login security server;
retrieving from the login security server an access grant or denial command for each of the at least one requested application; and
sending said access grant or denial command to the at least one application server. 2. The computer network according to claim 1, wherein the central login panel is associated with a cache memory adapted to store static non transactional data associated to said at least one requested application, at least part of said static non transactional data being displayed to the user by the central login panel, upon display of the central login panel. 3. The computer network according to claim 2, wherein the static non transactional data are distributed to the cache memory by means of a Content Delivery Network architecture. 4. The computer network according to claim 2, wherein said non transactional data are selected by the centralized user identification component based on a user current location and said at least one requested application. 5. The computer network according to claim 1, wherein the central login panel is hosted in a server located close to the user, such as the server being located in the same country as the user. 6. The computer network according to claim 1, wherein the centralized user identification component is hosted by one of the servers of the computer network, in particular the login security server. 7. The computer network according to claim 1, wherein the computer network further comprises;
a generic access control file size reducing component configured for:
retrieving data contained in the generic access control file, said data including access rights to said applications for a plurality of users; and
eliminating redundant and/or obsolete data from the central generic access control file so as to form a purged generic access control file; and
a cache memory associated with the at least one application server for storing at least part of the data contained in the purged generic access control file. 8. The computer network according to claim 7, wherein the generic access control file size reducing component is further configured for splitting the purged central generic access control file into application-specific files so as to form a purged application-specific generic access control file prior to storing said file to said cache memory. 9. The computer network according to claim 7, wherein the generic access control file size reducing component (50) is adapted to access the generic access control file upon request. 10. The computer network according to claim 7, wherein the generic access control file size reducing component is adapted to intercept and analyze the access grant or denial commands that are transmitted from the centralized user identification component to said at least one application server and update the generic access control file based on the analysis. 11. The computer network according to claim 7, wherein the generic access control file or sized-purged or reduced generic access control file is an SQL-compliant file or database, in particular SQLite-compliant. 12. The computer network according to claim 1, wherein the centralized user identification component is implemented with a light HTML/JQuery framework using cross-origin resource sharing technology as a communication language. 13. A method for centralized user identification in a network, the method comprising, at a centralized user identification component of the network:
receiving an access request from at least one application server, the access request comprising a list of at least one requested application; displaying a central login panel to the user, said central login panel being adapted according to the at least one requested application; receiving identification data of the user from the central login panel; transmitting said identification data and the list of at least one requested applications to a login security server of the network; retrieving from the login security server an access grant or denial command for each of the at least one requested application; and sending said access grant or denial command to at least one application server of the network to grant access to the at least one requested application. 14. A computer program product comprising program code instructions stored on a computer readable medium to execute the method steps according to claim 13 when said program is executed on a computer. 15. A computer system acting as a centralized user identification component of a network, the computer system being adapted to interface with at least one application server and the login security server of the network, and in that said centralized user identification component is configured to:
receive an access request from the at least one application server, the access request comprising a list of at least one requested application; display a central login panel to the user, said central login panel being adapted according to the at least one requested application; receive identification data of the user from the central login panel; transmit said identification data and the list of at least one requested applications to the login security server; retrieve from the login security server an access grant or denial command for each of the at least one requested application; and send said access grant or denial command to at least one application server of the network to grant access to the at least one requested application. | 2,400 |
340,925 | 16,801,202 | 2,473 | A method for evaluating positioning parameters in a defined area, wherein the defined area is affected by at least three stationary access beam points and over which a grid pattern is laid with at least two grids, each grid having an anchor. An initial vector of positioning parameters is assigned to each anchor and a plurality of RSSI measurements are captured within the defined area by receiving signals from the at least three stationary access beam points. The plurality of RSSI measurement are clustered in a plurality of subsets, wherein the number of subsets corresponds to the number of the at least two grids. Finally, each subset of the plurality of subsets is associated with a respective one of the at least two grids and the initial vector is updated based on the subset of the plurality of subsets associated with the respective one of the at least two grids. | 1. Method for evaluating positioning parameters in a defined space, particularly in an indoor space, wherein the defined space is affected by at least three stationary access beam points and over which a grid pattern is laid with at least two grids, each grid having an anchor, the method characterized by the steps of:
assigning an initial vector of positioning parameters to each anchor; capturing and storing a plurality of RSSI measurements within the defined area by receiving signals from the at least three stationary access beam points; clustering the plurality of RSSI measurements in a plurality of subsets, particularly wherein the number of subsets corresponds to the number of the at least two grids; associating each subset of the plurality of subsets to a respective one of the at least two grids; and updating the initial vector assigned to the anchor of the respective one of the at least two grids based on the vector of initial positioning parameters and the subset of the plurality of subsets associated with the respective one of the at least two grids. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the vector of initial positioning parameters comprises path-loss parameters. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising at least one of:
forwarding the updated vector for at least a subset of anchors of the at least two grids to one or more mobile devices for positioning; and/or determining the positioning based on a respective RSSI measurement and the updated vector of positioning parameters. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of capturing and storing a plurality of RSSI measurements comprises at least one of:
providing a time stamp for each captured RSSI measurement; and/or determining the positioning using the RSSI measurement and the initial vector of positioning parameters; 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of clustering the plurality of RSSI measurement in a plurality of subsets comprises at least one of:
augmenting the plurality of RSSI measurements including a dynamic time warping (DTW) approach using a plurality of neighbouring RSSI measurements to a selected RSSI measurement; auto encoding the RSSI measurements to create an encoded representation and feeding the encoded information into the clustering algorithm; and clustering the plurality of RSSI measurement in a plurality of subsets using Kmeans or HAC algorithms. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the auto encoder is trained together with the clustering algorithm to jointly improve centroids and encoder weights. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of clustering the plurality of RSSI measurement in a plurality of subsets comprises identifying a plurality of subsets, wherein the number of subsets differs from the number of the at least two grids. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of clustering the plurality of RSSI measurement comprises: pre-selecting a first plurality of RSSI measurement out from the plurality of RSSI measurement based on selection criteria in order to conduct further steps with the first plurality, wherein the selection criteria comprises at least one of:
time, date or age of the respective RSSI measurement; number of received signals from various access points; and/or signal strength of one or more access points. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of clustering the plurality of RSSI measurement comprises: assigning a weight parameter to each RSSI measurement based on the time the RSSI was taken or the age of the RSSI measurement, such that the weight becomes smaller the older the RSSI measurement becomes. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of capturing and storing a plurality of RSSI measurements comprises storing the received signal strength from the received signals of the at least three stationary access beam points as components of one RSSI measurement and the subsequent step of clustering comprises utilizing some components of the one RSSI measurement for clustering in a plurality of subsets. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the components are permutated between subsequent iterations of the method. 12. A non-transitory computer readable medium that contains instructions that when executed in a computer having a memory and one or more processors causes the one or more processors to:
assign an initial vector of positioning parameters to each anchor; capture and store a plurality of RSSI measurements within the defined area by receiving signals from the at least three stationary access beam points; cluster the plurality of RSSI measurements in a plurality of subsets, particularly wherein the number of subsets corresponds to the number of the at least two grids; associate each subset of the plurality of subsets to a respective one of the at least two grids; and update the initial vector assigned to the anchor of the respective one of the at least two grids based on the vector of initial positioning parameters and the subset of the plurality of subsets associated with the respective one of the at least two grids. 13. System for evaluating positioning parameters in a defined space, particularly in an indoor space, wherein the defined space is affected by at least three stationary access beam points and over which a grid pattern is laid with at least two grids, each grid having an anchor, and wherein the system comprises
a memory; one or more processors, the one or more processors adapted to execute one or more instructions that:
assign an initial vector of positioning parameters to each anchor;
capture and storing a plurality of RSSI measurements within the defined area by receiving signal from the at least three stationary access beam point;
cluster the plurality of RSSI measurement in a plurality of subsets, wherein the number of subsets corresponds to the number of the at least two grids;
assign each subset of the plurality of subsets to a respective one of the at least two grids; and
update the initial vector assigned to the anchor of the respective one of the at least two grids based on the vector of initial positioning parameters and the subset of the plurality of subsets associated with the respective one of the at least two grids. 14. The system according to claim 13, the one or more processors are adapted to execute one or more instructions that at least:
forward the updated vector for at least a subset of anchors of the at least to grids to one or more mobile devices for positioning; and/or determine the positioning based on a respective RSSI measurement and the updated vector of positioning parameters. 15. The system according to claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are adapted to execute one or more instructions that at least one of:
augment the plurality of RSSI measurements including a dynamic time warping (DTW) approach using a plurality of neighbouring RSSI measurements to a selected RSSI measurement; auto encode the RSSI measurements to create an encoded representation; and feed the encoded information into the clustering algorithm; and cluster the plurality of RSSI measurement in a plurality of subsets using Kmeans or HAC algorithms. | A method for evaluating positioning parameters in a defined area, wherein the defined area is affected by at least three stationary access beam points and over which a grid pattern is laid with at least two grids, each grid having an anchor. An initial vector of positioning parameters is assigned to each anchor and a plurality of RSSI measurements are captured within the defined area by receiving signals from the at least three stationary access beam points. The plurality of RSSI measurement are clustered in a plurality of subsets, wherein the number of subsets corresponds to the number of the at least two grids. Finally, each subset of the plurality of subsets is associated with a respective one of the at least two grids and the initial vector is updated based on the subset of the plurality of subsets associated with the respective one of the at least two grids.1. Method for evaluating positioning parameters in a defined space, particularly in an indoor space, wherein the defined space is affected by at least three stationary access beam points and over which a grid pattern is laid with at least two grids, each grid having an anchor, the method characterized by the steps of:
assigning an initial vector of positioning parameters to each anchor; capturing and storing a plurality of RSSI measurements within the defined area by receiving signals from the at least three stationary access beam points; clustering the plurality of RSSI measurements in a plurality of subsets, particularly wherein the number of subsets corresponds to the number of the at least two grids; associating each subset of the plurality of subsets to a respective one of the at least two grids; and updating the initial vector assigned to the anchor of the respective one of the at least two grids based on the vector of initial positioning parameters and the subset of the plurality of subsets associated with the respective one of the at least two grids. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the vector of initial positioning parameters comprises path-loss parameters. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising at least one of:
forwarding the updated vector for at least a subset of anchors of the at least two grids to one or more mobile devices for positioning; and/or determining the positioning based on a respective RSSI measurement and the updated vector of positioning parameters. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of capturing and storing a plurality of RSSI measurements comprises at least one of:
providing a time stamp for each captured RSSI measurement; and/or determining the positioning using the RSSI measurement and the initial vector of positioning parameters; 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of clustering the plurality of RSSI measurement in a plurality of subsets comprises at least one of:
augmenting the plurality of RSSI measurements including a dynamic time warping (DTW) approach using a plurality of neighbouring RSSI measurements to a selected RSSI measurement; auto encoding the RSSI measurements to create an encoded representation and feeding the encoded information into the clustering algorithm; and clustering the plurality of RSSI measurement in a plurality of subsets using Kmeans or HAC algorithms. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the auto encoder is trained together with the clustering algorithm to jointly improve centroids and encoder weights. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of clustering the plurality of RSSI measurement in a plurality of subsets comprises identifying a plurality of subsets, wherein the number of subsets differs from the number of the at least two grids. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of clustering the plurality of RSSI measurement comprises: pre-selecting a first plurality of RSSI measurement out from the plurality of RSSI measurement based on selection criteria in order to conduct further steps with the first plurality, wherein the selection criteria comprises at least one of:
time, date or age of the respective RSSI measurement; number of received signals from various access points; and/or signal strength of one or more access points. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of clustering the plurality of RSSI measurement comprises: assigning a weight parameter to each RSSI measurement based on the time the RSSI was taken or the age of the RSSI measurement, such that the weight becomes smaller the older the RSSI measurement becomes. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of capturing and storing a plurality of RSSI measurements comprises storing the received signal strength from the received signals of the at least three stationary access beam points as components of one RSSI measurement and the subsequent step of clustering comprises utilizing some components of the one RSSI measurement for clustering in a plurality of subsets. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the components are permutated between subsequent iterations of the method. 12. A non-transitory computer readable medium that contains instructions that when executed in a computer having a memory and one or more processors causes the one or more processors to:
assign an initial vector of positioning parameters to each anchor; capture and store a plurality of RSSI measurements within the defined area by receiving signals from the at least three stationary access beam points; cluster the plurality of RSSI measurements in a plurality of subsets, particularly wherein the number of subsets corresponds to the number of the at least two grids; associate each subset of the plurality of subsets to a respective one of the at least two grids; and update the initial vector assigned to the anchor of the respective one of the at least two grids based on the vector of initial positioning parameters and the subset of the plurality of subsets associated with the respective one of the at least two grids. 13. System for evaluating positioning parameters in a defined space, particularly in an indoor space, wherein the defined space is affected by at least three stationary access beam points and over which a grid pattern is laid with at least two grids, each grid having an anchor, and wherein the system comprises
a memory; one or more processors, the one or more processors adapted to execute one or more instructions that:
assign an initial vector of positioning parameters to each anchor;
capture and storing a plurality of RSSI measurements within the defined area by receiving signal from the at least three stationary access beam point;
cluster the plurality of RSSI measurement in a plurality of subsets, wherein the number of subsets corresponds to the number of the at least two grids;
assign each subset of the plurality of subsets to a respective one of the at least two grids; and
update the initial vector assigned to the anchor of the respective one of the at least two grids based on the vector of initial positioning parameters and the subset of the plurality of subsets associated with the respective one of the at least two grids. 14. The system according to claim 13, the one or more processors are adapted to execute one or more instructions that at least:
forward the updated vector for at least a subset of anchors of the at least to grids to one or more mobile devices for positioning; and/or determine the positioning based on a respective RSSI measurement and the updated vector of positioning parameters. 15. The system according to claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are adapted to execute one or more instructions that at least one of:
augment the plurality of RSSI measurements including a dynamic time warping (DTW) approach using a plurality of neighbouring RSSI measurements to a selected RSSI measurement; auto encode the RSSI measurements to create an encoded representation; and feed the encoded information into the clustering algorithm; and cluster the plurality of RSSI measurement in a plurality of subsets using Kmeans or HAC algorithms. | 2,400 |
340,926 | 16,801,146 | 2,473 | A flushing system in a drill bit is disclosed. The drill bit includes a body that defines the flushing system. The flushing system includes an inlet to facilitate supply of pressurized fluids into the bore hole. A cutting surface of the drill bit is provided with a main opening that defines a main passageway in communication with the inlet. A peripheral surface of the drill bit is provided with a secondary opening that defines a secondary passageway in communication with the inlet. The secondary passageway is disposed at an angle from a horizontal reference plane. The horizontal reference plane is defined between the inlet and the origin of the main passageway and is perpendicular to a central longitudinal axis of the body of the drill bit. An origin of the secondary passageway is at a distance from the origin of main passageway. | 1. A drill bit, comprising:
a body adapted to flush cut matter from a bore hole, the body defining a flushing system, the flushing system including:
an inlet to facilitate supply of pressurized fluids to flush the cut matter from the bore hole;
a cutting surface provided with at least one main opening that is in communication with the inlet, wherein the at least one main opening allows passing of the pressurized fluids from the inlet to the bore hole and defines a main passageway originating from the inlet to the cutting surface; and
a peripheral surface, surrounding the cutting surface, provided with at least one secondary opening that is in communication with the inlet, wherein
the at least one secondary opening allows passing of the pressurized fluids from the inlet to the bore hole and defines a secondary passageway originating from the inlet to the peripheral surface,
the secondary passageway being disposed at an acute angle with respect to a horizontal reference plane that is defined between the inlet and the origin of the main passageway and is perpendicular to a central longitudinal axis of the body, and
the origin of the secondary passageway being positioned at a distance from the horizontal reference plane. 2. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein the origin of the at least one secondary passageway precedes the origin of the at least one main passageway from the inlet. 3. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein the origin of the at least one main passageway precedes the origin of the at least one secondary passageway from the inlet. 4. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein the cutting surface is provided with two main openings of the at least one main opening, the two main openings independently defining two main passageways originating from the inlet and disposed at an angle from the central longitudinal axis of the drill bit. 5. The drill bit of claim 4, wherein the horizontal reference plane is defined at an outer neck surface of the body that is perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis. 6. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein the peripheral surface is provided with two secondary openings of the at least one secondary opening, the two secondary openings independently defining two secondary passageways originating from the inlet disposed at an angle from the central longitudinal axis of the drill bit. 7. The drill bit of claim 5, wherein the two secondary openings are diametrically similar. 8. The drill bit of claim 5, wherein the two secondary openings are diametrically dissimilar. 9. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein the peripheral surface includes a plurality of longitudinal slots and the at least one secondary opening is provided in one of the plurality of the longitudinal slots. 10. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein the angle of the at least one secondary passageway with respect to the horizontal reference plane ranges from 37 degrees to 43 degrees. 11. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein the inlet defines a recess having one of a hemispherical shape, a semi-elliptical shape, a flanged shape, a dished shape, a cone shape, and a flat shape at the origin of the at least one main passageway. 12. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein the cutting surface is provided with a plurality of inserts and a position of the at least one secondary opening on the peripheral surface is determined by the position of the plurality of inserts. 13. The drill bit of claim 12, wherein the position of the at least one secondary opening is such that none of the plurality of inserts are in direct communication with pressurized fluids exiting from the at least one secondary opening. 14. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein an intersection of a central longitudinal axis of the at least one main passageway with the central longitudinal axis defines the origin of the at least one main passageway and an intersection of a central longitudinal axis of the at least one secondary passageway with the central longitudinal axis defines the origin of the at least one secondary passageway. 15. A method for configuring a drill bit to flush cut matter from a bore hole, the method comprising:
providing an inlet in a body of the drill bit to facilitate supply of pressurized fluids to the bore hole; providing at least one main opening in a cutting surface that is in communication with the inlet, wherein the at least one main opening defines a main passageway originating from the inlet to the cutting surface; providing at least one secondary opening, in a peripheral surface surrounding the cutting surface, that is in communication with the inlet, wherein the at least one secondary opening defines a secondary passageway originating from the inlet to the peripheral surface, the secondary passageway being disposed at an angle with respect to a horizontal reference plane that is defined between the inlet and the origin of the main passageway and is perpendicular to a central longitudinal axis of the body, and the origin of the secondary passageway from the inlet being positioned at a distance from the horizontal reference plane; determining a diameter of the drill bit; determining velocity of the pressurized fluids through the at least one secondary opening; determining a pressure differential between a pressure of the pressurized fluids around the cutting surface relative to a pressure of the pressurized fluids at the inlet; and reconfiguring the secondary opening based on the diameter of the drill bit, the velocity and the pressure differential. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the reconfiguring of the at least one secondary opening includes:
determining a diameter of the at least one secondary passageway; determining a total of a circumferential area of the at least one main opening and a circumferential area of the at least one secondary opening; reconfiguring the angle of the at least one secondary passageway with respect to the horizontal reference plane; and reconfiguring the distance of the origin of the at least one secondary passageway from the horizontal reference plane. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the diameter, the total circumferential area, the angle, and the distance are empirically determined and reconfigured respectively to improve efficiency and a total lifespan of the drill bit. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the drill bit is configured with two main openings of the at least one main opening and two secondary openings of the at least one secondary opening. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein a total of circumferential areas of the two main openings and circumferential areas of the two secondary openings is equivalent to a total of circumferential areas of three main openings of the at least one main opening. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the providing of the at least one secondary opening is dependent on spatial positions of a plurality of inserts provided on the cutting surface such that none of the plurality of inserts are in direct communication with the pressurized fluids exiting from the at least one secondary opening. | A flushing system in a drill bit is disclosed. The drill bit includes a body that defines the flushing system. The flushing system includes an inlet to facilitate supply of pressurized fluids into the bore hole. A cutting surface of the drill bit is provided with a main opening that defines a main passageway in communication with the inlet. A peripheral surface of the drill bit is provided with a secondary opening that defines a secondary passageway in communication with the inlet. The secondary passageway is disposed at an angle from a horizontal reference plane. The horizontal reference plane is defined between the inlet and the origin of the main passageway and is perpendicular to a central longitudinal axis of the body of the drill bit. An origin of the secondary passageway is at a distance from the origin of main passageway.1. A drill bit, comprising:
a body adapted to flush cut matter from a bore hole, the body defining a flushing system, the flushing system including:
an inlet to facilitate supply of pressurized fluids to flush the cut matter from the bore hole;
a cutting surface provided with at least one main opening that is in communication with the inlet, wherein the at least one main opening allows passing of the pressurized fluids from the inlet to the bore hole and defines a main passageway originating from the inlet to the cutting surface; and
a peripheral surface, surrounding the cutting surface, provided with at least one secondary opening that is in communication with the inlet, wherein
the at least one secondary opening allows passing of the pressurized fluids from the inlet to the bore hole and defines a secondary passageway originating from the inlet to the peripheral surface,
the secondary passageway being disposed at an acute angle with respect to a horizontal reference plane that is defined between the inlet and the origin of the main passageway and is perpendicular to a central longitudinal axis of the body, and
the origin of the secondary passageway being positioned at a distance from the horizontal reference plane. 2. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein the origin of the at least one secondary passageway precedes the origin of the at least one main passageway from the inlet. 3. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein the origin of the at least one main passageway precedes the origin of the at least one secondary passageway from the inlet. 4. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein the cutting surface is provided with two main openings of the at least one main opening, the two main openings independently defining two main passageways originating from the inlet and disposed at an angle from the central longitudinal axis of the drill bit. 5. The drill bit of claim 4, wherein the horizontal reference plane is defined at an outer neck surface of the body that is perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis. 6. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein the peripheral surface is provided with two secondary openings of the at least one secondary opening, the two secondary openings independently defining two secondary passageways originating from the inlet disposed at an angle from the central longitudinal axis of the drill bit. 7. The drill bit of claim 5, wherein the two secondary openings are diametrically similar. 8. The drill bit of claim 5, wherein the two secondary openings are diametrically dissimilar. 9. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein the peripheral surface includes a plurality of longitudinal slots and the at least one secondary opening is provided in one of the plurality of the longitudinal slots. 10. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein the angle of the at least one secondary passageway with respect to the horizontal reference plane ranges from 37 degrees to 43 degrees. 11. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein the inlet defines a recess having one of a hemispherical shape, a semi-elliptical shape, a flanged shape, a dished shape, a cone shape, and a flat shape at the origin of the at least one main passageway. 12. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein the cutting surface is provided with a plurality of inserts and a position of the at least one secondary opening on the peripheral surface is determined by the position of the plurality of inserts. 13. The drill bit of claim 12, wherein the position of the at least one secondary opening is such that none of the plurality of inserts are in direct communication with pressurized fluids exiting from the at least one secondary opening. 14. The drill bit of claim 1, wherein an intersection of a central longitudinal axis of the at least one main passageway with the central longitudinal axis defines the origin of the at least one main passageway and an intersection of a central longitudinal axis of the at least one secondary passageway with the central longitudinal axis defines the origin of the at least one secondary passageway. 15. A method for configuring a drill bit to flush cut matter from a bore hole, the method comprising:
providing an inlet in a body of the drill bit to facilitate supply of pressurized fluids to the bore hole; providing at least one main opening in a cutting surface that is in communication with the inlet, wherein the at least one main opening defines a main passageway originating from the inlet to the cutting surface; providing at least one secondary opening, in a peripheral surface surrounding the cutting surface, that is in communication with the inlet, wherein the at least one secondary opening defines a secondary passageway originating from the inlet to the peripheral surface, the secondary passageway being disposed at an angle with respect to a horizontal reference plane that is defined between the inlet and the origin of the main passageway and is perpendicular to a central longitudinal axis of the body, and the origin of the secondary passageway from the inlet being positioned at a distance from the horizontal reference plane; determining a diameter of the drill bit; determining velocity of the pressurized fluids through the at least one secondary opening; determining a pressure differential between a pressure of the pressurized fluids around the cutting surface relative to a pressure of the pressurized fluids at the inlet; and reconfiguring the secondary opening based on the diameter of the drill bit, the velocity and the pressure differential. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the reconfiguring of the at least one secondary opening includes:
determining a diameter of the at least one secondary passageway; determining a total of a circumferential area of the at least one main opening and a circumferential area of the at least one secondary opening; reconfiguring the angle of the at least one secondary passageway with respect to the horizontal reference plane; and reconfiguring the distance of the origin of the at least one secondary passageway from the horizontal reference plane. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the diameter, the total circumferential area, the angle, and the distance are empirically determined and reconfigured respectively to improve efficiency and a total lifespan of the drill bit. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the drill bit is configured with two main openings of the at least one main opening and two secondary openings of the at least one secondary opening. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein a total of circumferential areas of the two main openings and circumferential areas of the two secondary openings is equivalent to a total of circumferential areas of three main openings of the at least one main opening. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the providing of the at least one secondary opening is dependent on spatial positions of a plurality of inserts provided on the cutting surface such that none of the plurality of inserts are in direct communication with the pressurized fluids exiting from the at least one secondary opening. | 2,400 |
340,927 | 16,801,219 | 2,473 | A tire change tool comprising a generally circular and planar faceplate having a hub side and a user side, the hub side and user side being generally parallel; an upper elbow flexibly connected to the faceplate by an interface; an arm connected to the upper elbow at a first end, and connected to a lower elbow at a lower end; and a footplate flexibly connected to the lower end of the arm by the lower elbow, wherein the faceplate and the interface comprise co-aligned apertures, the co-aligned apertures having an axis perpendicular to the plane of the faceplate. A length adjustment mechanism may be incorporated into the arm and adapted to permit the arm's length to be changed. The arm may include an upper section and a lower section adjustable connected by an adjustment mechanism adapted to permit the arm's length to be changed. | 1. A tire change tool, comprising:
a generally circular and planar faceplate having a hub side and a user side, the hub side and user side being generally parallel; an upper elbow flexibly connected to the faceplate by an interface; an arm connected to the upper elbow at a first end, and connected to a lower elbow at a lower end; and a footplate flexibly connected to the lower end of the arm by the lower elbow, 2. The tire change tool of claim 1, further comprising a length adjustment mechanism incorporated into the arm and adapted to permit the arm's length to be changed. 3. The tire change tool of claim 1, wherein the arm comprises an upper section and a lower section adjustable connected by an adjustment mechanism adapted to permit the arm's length to be changed. 4. The tire change tool of claim 1, further comprising a bearing incorporated into the co-aligned apertures of the faceplate and interface, the bearing having a central aperture parallel to the co-aligned apertures of the faceplate and interface. 5. The tire change tool of claim 1, further comprising a handle fixed to the interface opposite the faceplate. 6. The tire change tool of claim 1, further comprising one or more relief grooves in the hub side of the faceplate. | A tire change tool comprising a generally circular and planar faceplate having a hub side and a user side, the hub side and user side being generally parallel; an upper elbow flexibly connected to the faceplate by an interface; an arm connected to the upper elbow at a first end, and connected to a lower elbow at a lower end; and a footplate flexibly connected to the lower end of the arm by the lower elbow, wherein the faceplate and the interface comprise co-aligned apertures, the co-aligned apertures having an axis perpendicular to the plane of the faceplate. A length adjustment mechanism may be incorporated into the arm and adapted to permit the arm's length to be changed. The arm may include an upper section and a lower section adjustable connected by an adjustment mechanism adapted to permit the arm's length to be changed.1. A tire change tool, comprising:
a generally circular and planar faceplate having a hub side and a user side, the hub side and user side being generally parallel; an upper elbow flexibly connected to the faceplate by an interface; an arm connected to the upper elbow at a first end, and connected to a lower elbow at a lower end; and a footplate flexibly connected to the lower end of the arm by the lower elbow, 2. The tire change tool of claim 1, further comprising a length adjustment mechanism incorporated into the arm and adapted to permit the arm's length to be changed. 3. The tire change tool of claim 1, wherein the arm comprises an upper section and a lower section adjustable connected by an adjustment mechanism adapted to permit the arm's length to be changed. 4. The tire change tool of claim 1, further comprising a bearing incorporated into the co-aligned apertures of the faceplate and interface, the bearing having a central aperture parallel to the co-aligned apertures of the faceplate and interface. 5. The tire change tool of claim 1, further comprising a handle fixed to the interface opposite the faceplate. 6. The tire change tool of claim 1, further comprising one or more relief grooves in the hub side of the faceplate. | 2,400 |
340,928 | 16,801,213 | 2,876 | A tire change tool comprising a generally circular and planar faceplate having a hub side and a user side, the hub side and user side being generally parallel; an upper elbow flexibly connected to the faceplate by an interface; an arm connected to the upper elbow at a first end, and connected to a lower elbow at a lower end; and a footplate flexibly connected to the lower end of the arm by the lower elbow, wherein the faceplate and the interface comprise co-aligned apertures, the co-aligned apertures having an axis perpendicular to the plane of the faceplate. A length adjustment mechanism may be incorporated into the arm and adapted to permit the arm's length to be changed. The arm may include an upper section and a lower section adjustable connected by an adjustment mechanism adapted to permit the arm's length to be changed. | 1. A tire change tool, comprising:
a generally circular and planar faceplate having a hub side and a user side, the hub side and user side being generally parallel; an upper elbow flexibly connected to the faceplate by an interface; an arm connected to the upper elbow at a first end, and connected to a lower elbow at a lower end; and a footplate flexibly connected to the lower end of the arm by the lower elbow, 2. The tire change tool of claim 1, further comprising a length adjustment mechanism incorporated into the arm and adapted to permit the arm's length to be changed. 3. The tire change tool of claim 1, wherein the arm comprises an upper section and a lower section adjustable connected by an adjustment mechanism adapted to permit the arm's length to be changed. 4. The tire change tool of claim 1, further comprising a bearing incorporated into the co-aligned apertures of the faceplate and interface, the bearing having a central aperture parallel to the co-aligned apertures of the faceplate and interface. 5. The tire change tool of claim 1, further comprising a handle fixed to the interface opposite the faceplate. 6. The tire change tool of claim 1, further comprising one or more relief grooves in the hub side of the faceplate. | A tire change tool comprising a generally circular and planar faceplate having a hub side and a user side, the hub side and user side being generally parallel; an upper elbow flexibly connected to the faceplate by an interface; an arm connected to the upper elbow at a first end, and connected to a lower elbow at a lower end; and a footplate flexibly connected to the lower end of the arm by the lower elbow, wherein the faceplate and the interface comprise co-aligned apertures, the co-aligned apertures having an axis perpendicular to the plane of the faceplate. A length adjustment mechanism may be incorporated into the arm and adapted to permit the arm's length to be changed. The arm may include an upper section and a lower section adjustable connected by an adjustment mechanism adapted to permit the arm's length to be changed.1. A tire change tool, comprising:
a generally circular and planar faceplate having a hub side and a user side, the hub side and user side being generally parallel; an upper elbow flexibly connected to the faceplate by an interface; an arm connected to the upper elbow at a first end, and connected to a lower elbow at a lower end; and a footplate flexibly connected to the lower end of the arm by the lower elbow, 2. The tire change tool of claim 1, further comprising a length adjustment mechanism incorporated into the arm and adapted to permit the arm's length to be changed. 3. The tire change tool of claim 1, wherein the arm comprises an upper section and a lower section adjustable connected by an adjustment mechanism adapted to permit the arm's length to be changed. 4. The tire change tool of claim 1, further comprising a bearing incorporated into the co-aligned apertures of the faceplate and interface, the bearing having a central aperture parallel to the co-aligned apertures of the faceplate and interface. 5. The tire change tool of claim 1, further comprising a handle fixed to the interface opposite the faceplate. 6. The tire change tool of claim 1, further comprising one or more relief grooves in the hub side of the faceplate. | 2,800 |
340,929 | 16,801,193 | 2,876 | A substrate processing device is provided. A chamber has a side wall part and a top wall part and contains a substrate holding part. A first gas supply part is disposed in the top wall part and supplies a first gas toward a side on which the substrate holding part is positioned. A second gas supply part is contained in the chamber and supplies a second gas to an inside of the chamber. A control unit controls the first and second gas supply part. The second gas is a gas different from oxygen and an allotrope of oxygen. The second gas supply part has an air feeding port part which is positioned on an upward side of a holding position of a substrate by the substrate holding part in a vertical direction and is positioned on an outward side of the substrate holding part in a horizontal direction. | 1. A substrate processing device for processing a substrate, comprising:
a substrate holding part that holds the substrate; a chamber that has a side wall part disposed around the substrate holding part and a top wall part disposed above the substrate holding part and contains the substrate holding part; a first gas supply part that is disposed in the top wall part and supplies a first gas toward a side on which the substrate holding part is positioned; a second gas supply part that is contained in the chamber and supplies a second gas to an inside of the chamber; and a control unit that is configured to control the first gas supply part and the second gas supply part, wherein the second gas is a gas different from oxygen and different from an allotrope of oxygen, wherein the second gas supply part has an air feeding port part for supplying the second gas to the inside of the chamber, and wherein the air feeding port part is positioned on an upward side of a holding position of the substrate by the substrate holding part in a vertical direction and is positioned on an outward side of the substrate holding part in a horizontal direction. 2. The substrate processing device according to claim 1,
wherein the second gas supply part supplies the second gas toward the top wall part through the air feeding port part. 3. The substrate processing device according to claim 1,
wherein the air feeding port part is disposed above a conveyance path for the substrate, and wherein the conveyance path indicates a path at a time of conveying the substrate via an opening which is provided in the side wall part and is able to be opened and closed. 4. The substrate processing device according to claim 1,
wherein the control unit is configured to:
control the first gas supply part such that the first gas is supplied and control the second gas supply part such that the second gas is not supplied during a period of processing the substrate, and
control the first gas supply part such that the first gas is not supplied and control the second gas supply part such that the second gas is supplied during at least one period of a period after the substrate is processed and before the substrate is carried out from the chamber and a period before the substrate is carried into the chamber. 5. The substrate processing device according to claim 4,
wherein the first gas supply part has a suction port for suctioning the first gas from outside of the chamber, and a supply port for supplying the first gas toward the side on which the substrate holding part is positioned, wherein the substrate processing device further comprises an opening/closing member that releases or closes the suction port, and wherein the control unit is configured to:
control the opening/closing member such that the suction port is released during the period of processing the substrate, and
control the opening/closing member such that the suction port is closed during at least the one period thereof. 6. The substrate processing device according to claim 4, further comprising:
a blocking member that is positioned above the substrate holding part and moves upward or downward between a retreat position and a processing position; and a third gas supply part that is disposed in the blocking member and supplies a third gas downward from the blocking member, wherein the third gas is a gas different from oxygen and different from an allotrope of oxygen, wherein the processing position indicates a position to which the blocking member moves downward to be disposed facing a surface of the substrate with a gap therebetween, wherein the retreat position indicates a position to which the blocking member moves upward to separate from the surface of the substrate, and wherein the control unit is configured to control the blocking member such that the blocking member is positioned at the retreat position and control the third gas supply part such that the third gas is supplied during at least the one period thereof. 7. The substrate processing device according to claim 6,
wherein the control unit is configured to control the blocking member such that the blocking member is positioned at the processing position and control the third gas supply part such that the third gas is supplied during the period of processing the substrate, and wherein the blocking member covers a side above the surface of the substrate and blocks the side above the surface of the substrate at the processing position. 8. The substrate processing device according to claim 1,
wherein the first gas supply part selectively supplies either the first gas or a fourth gas, wherein the fourth gas is a gas different from oxygen and different from an allotrope of oxygen, and wherein the control unit is configured to:
control the first gas supply part such that the first gas is supplied and controls the second gas supply part such that the second gas is not supplied during a period of processing the substrate, and
control the first gas supply part such that the fourth gas is supplied toward the side on which the substrate holding part is positioned and control the second gas supply part such that the second gas is supplied during at least one period of a period after the substrate is processed and before the substrate is carried out from the chamber and a period before the substrate is carried into the chamber. 9. The substrate processing device according to claim 4, further comprising:
an exhaust pipe that is disposed on a downward side of the substrate holding part in the vertical direction and allows a gas inside the chamber to pass therethrough; and an exhaust adjustment part that adjusts a flow rate of the gas discharged through the exhaust pipe, wherein the control unit is configured to:
control the exhaust adjustment part such that the gas is discharged through the exhaust pipe during the period of processing the substrate, and
control the exhaust adjustment part such that the flow rate of the gas becomes lower in the exhaust pipe during at least the one period thereof than the flow rate of the gas in the exhaust pipe during the period of processing the substrate. 10. A substrate processing method for processing a substrate which is held by a substrate holding part inside a chamber, comprising:
supplying a first gas from a top wall part of the chamber toward a side on which the substrate holding part surrounded by a side wall part of the chamber is positioned; and supplying a second gas to an inside of the chamber during a period different from a period of supplying the first gas, wherein the second gas is a gas different from oxygen and different from an allotrope of oxygen, and wherein in supplying the second gas, the second gas is supplied from a position on an upward side of a holding position of the substrate by the substrate holding part in a vertical direction and a position on an outward side of the substrate holding part in a horizontal direction. 11. The substrate processing method according to claim 10,
wherein in supplying the second gas, the second gas is supplied toward the top wall part. 12. The substrate processing method according to claim 10,
wherein in supplying the second gas, the second gas is supplied from a position above a conveyance path for the substrate, and wherein the conveyance path indicates a path at a time of conveying the substrate via an opening which is provided in the side wall part and is able to be opened and closed. 13. The substrate processing method according to claim 10,
wherein in supplying the first gas,
the first gas is supplied during a period of processing the substrate, and
the second gas is not supplied during the period of processing the substrate; and
wherein in supplying the second gas,
the second gas is supplied during at least one period of a period after the substrate is processed and before the substrate is carried out from the chamber and a period before the substrate is carried into the chamber, and
the first gas is not supplied during at least the one period thereof. 14. The substrate processing method according to claim 13, further comprising:
releasing a suction port for suctioning the first gas from outside of the chamber during the period of processing the substrate; and closing the suction port during at least the one period thereof. 15. The substrate processing method according to claim 13, further comprising:
positioning a blocking member at a retreat position during at least the one period thereof; and supplying a third gas downward from the blocking member during at least the one period thereof, wherein the retreat position indicates a position to which the blocking member moves upward to separate from a surface of the substrate, and wherein the third gas is a gas different from oxygen and different from an allotrope of oxygen. 16. The substrate processing method according to claim 15, further comprising:
positioning the blocking member at a processing position during the period of processing the substrate; and supplying the third gas downward from the blocking member during the period of processing the substrate, wherein the processing position indicates a position to which the blocking member moves downward to be disposed facing the surface of the substrate with a gap therebetween, and wherein the blocking member covers a side above the surface of the substrate and blocks the side above the surface of the substrate at the processing position. 17. The substrate processing method according to claim 10,
wherein in supplying the first gas,
the first gas is supplied from the top wall part of the chamber toward the side on which the substrate holding part is positioned during a period of processing the substrate, and
the second gas is not supplied during the period of processing the substrate;
wherein in supplying the second gas, the second gas is supplied during at least one period of a period after the substrate is processed and before the substrate is carried out from the chamber and a period before the substrate is carried into the chamber; wherein the substrate processing method further comprises supplying a fourth gas from the top wall part of the chamber toward the side on which the substrate holding part is positioned during at least the one period thereof; and wherein the fourth gas is a gas different from oxygen and different from an allotrope of oxygen. 18. The substrate processing method according to claim 13, further comprising:
discharging a gas inside the chamber from an exhaust pipe which is disposed on a downward side of the substrate holding part in the vertical direction during the period of processing the substrate; and adjusting a flow rate of the gas such that the flow rate of the gas becomes lower in the exhaust pipe during at least the one period thereof than the flow rate of the gas in the exhaust pipe during the period of processing the substrate. 19. A semiconductor manufacturing method for processing a semiconductor substrate held by a substrate holding part inside a chamber and manufacturing a semiconductor that is the processed semiconductor substrate, the method comprising:
supplying a first gas from a top wall part of the chamber toward a side on which the substrate holding part surrounded by a side wall part of the chamber is positioned; and supplying a second gas to an inside of the chamber during a period different from a period of supplying the first gas, wherein the second gas is a gas different from oxygen and different from an allotrope of oxygen, and wherein in supplying the second gas, the second gas is supplied from a position on an upward side of a holding position of the semiconductor substrate by the substrate holding part in a vertical direction and a position on an outward side of the substrate holding part in a horizontal direction. | A substrate processing device is provided. A chamber has a side wall part and a top wall part and contains a substrate holding part. A first gas supply part is disposed in the top wall part and supplies a first gas toward a side on which the substrate holding part is positioned. A second gas supply part is contained in the chamber and supplies a second gas to an inside of the chamber. A control unit controls the first and second gas supply part. The second gas is a gas different from oxygen and an allotrope of oxygen. The second gas supply part has an air feeding port part which is positioned on an upward side of a holding position of a substrate by the substrate holding part in a vertical direction and is positioned on an outward side of the substrate holding part in a horizontal direction.1. A substrate processing device for processing a substrate, comprising:
a substrate holding part that holds the substrate; a chamber that has a side wall part disposed around the substrate holding part and a top wall part disposed above the substrate holding part and contains the substrate holding part; a first gas supply part that is disposed in the top wall part and supplies a first gas toward a side on which the substrate holding part is positioned; a second gas supply part that is contained in the chamber and supplies a second gas to an inside of the chamber; and a control unit that is configured to control the first gas supply part and the second gas supply part, wherein the second gas is a gas different from oxygen and different from an allotrope of oxygen, wherein the second gas supply part has an air feeding port part for supplying the second gas to the inside of the chamber, and wherein the air feeding port part is positioned on an upward side of a holding position of the substrate by the substrate holding part in a vertical direction and is positioned on an outward side of the substrate holding part in a horizontal direction. 2. The substrate processing device according to claim 1,
wherein the second gas supply part supplies the second gas toward the top wall part through the air feeding port part. 3. The substrate processing device according to claim 1,
wherein the air feeding port part is disposed above a conveyance path for the substrate, and wherein the conveyance path indicates a path at a time of conveying the substrate via an opening which is provided in the side wall part and is able to be opened and closed. 4. The substrate processing device according to claim 1,
wherein the control unit is configured to:
control the first gas supply part such that the first gas is supplied and control the second gas supply part such that the second gas is not supplied during a period of processing the substrate, and
control the first gas supply part such that the first gas is not supplied and control the second gas supply part such that the second gas is supplied during at least one period of a period after the substrate is processed and before the substrate is carried out from the chamber and a period before the substrate is carried into the chamber. 5. The substrate processing device according to claim 4,
wherein the first gas supply part has a suction port for suctioning the first gas from outside of the chamber, and a supply port for supplying the first gas toward the side on which the substrate holding part is positioned, wherein the substrate processing device further comprises an opening/closing member that releases or closes the suction port, and wherein the control unit is configured to:
control the opening/closing member such that the suction port is released during the period of processing the substrate, and
control the opening/closing member such that the suction port is closed during at least the one period thereof. 6. The substrate processing device according to claim 4, further comprising:
a blocking member that is positioned above the substrate holding part and moves upward or downward between a retreat position and a processing position; and a third gas supply part that is disposed in the blocking member and supplies a third gas downward from the blocking member, wherein the third gas is a gas different from oxygen and different from an allotrope of oxygen, wherein the processing position indicates a position to which the blocking member moves downward to be disposed facing a surface of the substrate with a gap therebetween, wherein the retreat position indicates a position to which the blocking member moves upward to separate from the surface of the substrate, and wherein the control unit is configured to control the blocking member such that the blocking member is positioned at the retreat position and control the third gas supply part such that the third gas is supplied during at least the one period thereof. 7. The substrate processing device according to claim 6,
wherein the control unit is configured to control the blocking member such that the blocking member is positioned at the processing position and control the third gas supply part such that the third gas is supplied during the period of processing the substrate, and wherein the blocking member covers a side above the surface of the substrate and blocks the side above the surface of the substrate at the processing position. 8. The substrate processing device according to claim 1,
wherein the first gas supply part selectively supplies either the first gas or a fourth gas, wherein the fourth gas is a gas different from oxygen and different from an allotrope of oxygen, and wherein the control unit is configured to:
control the first gas supply part such that the first gas is supplied and controls the second gas supply part such that the second gas is not supplied during a period of processing the substrate, and
control the first gas supply part such that the fourth gas is supplied toward the side on which the substrate holding part is positioned and control the second gas supply part such that the second gas is supplied during at least one period of a period after the substrate is processed and before the substrate is carried out from the chamber and a period before the substrate is carried into the chamber. 9. The substrate processing device according to claim 4, further comprising:
an exhaust pipe that is disposed on a downward side of the substrate holding part in the vertical direction and allows a gas inside the chamber to pass therethrough; and an exhaust adjustment part that adjusts a flow rate of the gas discharged through the exhaust pipe, wherein the control unit is configured to:
control the exhaust adjustment part such that the gas is discharged through the exhaust pipe during the period of processing the substrate, and
control the exhaust adjustment part such that the flow rate of the gas becomes lower in the exhaust pipe during at least the one period thereof than the flow rate of the gas in the exhaust pipe during the period of processing the substrate. 10. A substrate processing method for processing a substrate which is held by a substrate holding part inside a chamber, comprising:
supplying a first gas from a top wall part of the chamber toward a side on which the substrate holding part surrounded by a side wall part of the chamber is positioned; and supplying a second gas to an inside of the chamber during a period different from a period of supplying the first gas, wherein the second gas is a gas different from oxygen and different from an allotrope of oxygen, and wherein in supplying the second gas, the second gas is supplied from a position on an upward side of a holding position of the substrate by the substrate holding part in a vertical direction and a position on an outward side of the substrate holding part in a horizontal direction. 11. The substrate processing method according to claim 10,
wherein in supplying the second gas, the second gas is supplied toward the top wall part. 12. The substrate processing method according to claim 10,
wherein in supplying the second gas, the second gas is supplied from a position above a conveyance path for the substrate, and wherein the conveyance path indicates a path at a time of conveying the substrate via an opening which is provided in the side wall part and is able to be opened and closed. 13. The substrate processing method according to claim 10,
wherein in supplying the first gas,
the first gas is supplied during a period of processing the substrate, and
the second gas is not supplied during the period of processing the substrate; and
wherein in supplying the second gas,
the second gas is supplied during at least one period of a period after the substrate is processed and before the substrate is carried out from the chamber and a period before the substrate is carried into the chamber, and
the first gas is not supplied during at least the one period thereof. 14. The substrate processing method according to claim 13, further comprising:
releasing a suction port for suctioning the first gas from outside of the chamber during the period of processing the substrate; and closing the suction port during at least the one period thereof. 15. The substrate processing method according to claim 13, further comprising:
positioning a blocking member at a retreat position during at least the one period thereof; and supplying a third gas downward from the blocking member during at least the one period thereof, wherein the retreat position indicates a position to which the blocking member moves upward to separate from a surface of the substrate, and wherein the third gas is a gas different from oxygen and different from an allotrope of oxygen. 16. The substrate processing method according to claim 15, further comprising:
positioning the blocking member at a processing position during the period of processing the substrate; and supplying the third gas downward from the blocking member during the period of processing the substrate, wherein the processing position indicates a position to which the blocking member moves downward to be disposed facing the surface of the substrate with a gap therebetween, and wherein the blocking member covers a side above the surface of the substrate and blocks the side above the surface of the substrate at the processing position. 17. The substrate processing method according to claim 10,
wherein in supplying the first gas,
the first gas is supplied from the top wall part of the chamber toward the side on which the substrate holding part is positioned during a period of processing the substrate, and
the second gas is not supplied during the period of processing the substrate;
wherein in supplying the second gas, the second gas is supplied during at least one period of a period after the substrate is processed and before the substrate is carried out from the chamber and a period before the substrate is carried into the chamber; wherein the substrate processing method further comprises supplying a fourth gas from the top wall part of the chamber toward the side on which the substrate holding part is positioned during at least the one period thereof; and wherein the fourth gas is a gas different from oxygen and different from an allotrope of oxygen. 18. The substrate processing method according to claim 13, further comprising:
discharging a gas inside the chamber from an exhaust pipe which is disposed on a downward side of the substrate holding part in the vertical direction during the period of processing the substrate; and adjusting a flow rate of the gas such that the flow rate of the gas becomes lower in the exhaust pipe during at least the one period thereof than the flow rate of the gas in the exhaust pipe during the period of processing the substrate. 19. A semiconductor manufacturing method for processing a semiconductor substrate held by a substrate holding part inside a chamber and manufacturing a semiconductor that is the processed semiconductor substrate, the method comprising:
supplying a first gas from a top wall part of the chamber toward a side on which the substrate holding part surrounded by a side wall part of the chamber is positioned; and supplying a second gas to an inside of the chamber during a period different from a period of supplying the first gas, wherein the second gas is a gas different from oxygen and different from an allotrope of oxygen, and wherein in supplying the second gas, the second gas is supplied from a position on an upward side of a holding position of the semiconductor substrate by the substrate holding part in a vertical direction and a position on an outward side of the substrate holding part in a horizontal direction. | 2,800 |
340,930 | 16,801,206 | 2,876 | Systems, methods, and storage media for determining the probability of cyber risk-related loss within one or more computing systems composed of computing elements are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may: assess vulnerability by determining an exposure window for a computing element based on the number of discrete times within a given time frame where the computing element is in a vulnerable state; determine a frequency of contact of the computing element with threat actors; normalize the exposure window and the frequency of contact; calculate a threat event frequency by dividing the normalized exposure window by the normalized frequency of contact; and repeat the steps for multiple elements. When combined with liability data that describes the loss magnitude implications of these events, organizations can prioritize the elements based on loss exposure and take action to prevent loss exposure. | 1. A system configured for determining the frequency of cyber risk losses within one or more computing systems composed of computing elements, the system comprising:
one or more hardware processors configured by machine-readable instructions to:
assess vulnerability by determining an exposure window for a computing element based on the number of discrete times within a given time frame where the computing element is in a vulnerable state;
determine a frequency of contact of the computing element with threat actors;
normalize the exposure window and the frequency of contact;
calculate a loss event frequency by dividing the normalized exposure window by the normalized frequency of contact; and
repeat the operations above for multiple elements. 2. The system of claim 2, wherein the normalizing of the exposure window is accomplished as part of assessing vulnerability and the normalizing of the frequency of contact is accomplished as part of determining a frequency. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the normalizing of the exposure window comprises setting the discrete time to a day and setting the given time frame to one year and the normalizing of the frequency of contact by determining a mean time between contact that is represented by the number of days in a year by the number of contacts in a year. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the exposure window, the frequency of contact and the loss event frequency are expressed as a range and the calculating loss event frequency includes applying a stochastic process. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein assessing vulnerability comprises determining between exploitable vulnerable states and non-exploitable vulnerable states and using only exploitable vulnerable states in determining the number of discrete times. 6. The system of claim 2, wherein determining a frequency comprises determining the position of the element within a threat landscape and wherein data indicating the frequency of contact is determined based on the position. 7. The system of claim 2, wherein assessing vulnerability comprises using zero-day exploit information to determine the exposure window. 8. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more hardware processors are further configured by machine-readable instructions to take cyber risk prevention activities based on the prioritization of elements. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more hardware processors are further configured by machine-readable instructions to combine the determined loss event frequency with loss magnitude data and prioritize elements based on loss exposure. 10. A method for prioritizing cyber risks within one or more computing systems composed of computing elements, the method comprising:
assessing vulnerability by determining an exposure window for a computing element based on the number of discrete times within a given time frame where the computing element is in a vulnerable state; determining a frequency of contact of the computing element with threat actors; normalizing the exposure window and the frequency of contact; and calculating a loss event frequency by dividing the normalized exposure window by the normalized frequency of contact; and repeating the steps above for multiple elements. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the normalizing of the exposure window is accomplished as part of assessing vulnerability and the normalizing of the frequency of contact is accomplished as part of determining a frequency. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the normalizing of the exposure window comprises setting the discrete time to a day and setting the given time frame to one year and the normalizing of the frequency of contact by determining a mean time between contact that is represented by the number of days in a year by the number of contacts in a year. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the exposure window, the frequency of contact and the loss event frequency are expressed as a range and the calculating loss event frequency includes applying a stochastic process. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein assessing vulnerability comprises determining between exploitable vulnerable states and non-exploitable vulnerable states and using only exploitable vulnerable states in determining the number of discrete times. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein determining a frequency comprises determining the position of the element within a threat landscape and wherein data indicating the frequency of contact is determined based on the position. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein assessing vulnerability comprises using zero-day exploit information to determine the exposure window. 17. The method of claim 10, further comprising, taking cyber risk prevention activities based on the prioritization of elements. 18. The method of claim 10, further comprising combining the determined loss event frequency with loss magnitude data and prioritizing elements based on loss exposure. 19. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium having instructions embodied thereon, the instructions being executable by one or more processors to perform a method for prioritizing cyber risks within one or more computing systems composed of computing elements, the method comprising:
assessing vulnerability by determining an exposure window for a computing element based on the number of discrete times within a given time frame where the computing element is in a vulnerable state; determining a frequency of contact of the computing element with threat actors; normalizing the exposure window and the frequency of contact; and calculating a loss event frequency by dividing the normalized exposure window by the normalized frequency of contact; and repeating the operations above for multiple elements. 20. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the normalizing of the exposure window is accomplished as part of assessing vulnerability and the normalizing of the frequency of contact is accomplished as part of determining a frequency. 21. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 20, wherein the normalizing of the exposure window comprises setting the discrete time to a day and setting the given time frame to one year and the normalizing of the frequency of contact by determining a mean time between contact that is represented by the number of days in a year by the number of contacts in a year. 22. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the exposure window, the frequency of contact and the loss event frequency are expressed as a range and the calculating loss event frequency includes applying a stochastic process. 23. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein assessing vulnerability comprises determining between exploitable vulnerable states and non-exploitable vulnerable states and using only exploitable vulnerable states in determining the number of discrete times. 24. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein determining a frequency comprises determining the position of the element within a threat landscape and wherein data indicating the frequency of contact is determined based on the position. 25. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein assessing vulnerability comprises using zero-day exploit information to determine the exposure window. 26. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the method further comprises, taking cyber risk prevention activities based on the prioritization of elements. 27. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the method further comprises combining the determined loss event frequency with loss magnitude data and prioritizing elements based on loss exposure. | Systems, methods, and storage media for determining the probability of cyber risk-related loss within one or more computing systems composed of computing elements are disclosed. Exemplary implementations may: assess vulnerability by determining an exposure window for a computing element based on the number of discrete times within a given time frame where the computing element is in a vulnerable state; determine a frequency of contact of the computing element with threat actors; normalize the exposure window and the frequency of contact; calculate a threat event frequency by dividing the normalized exposure window by the normalized frequency of contact; and repeat the steps for multiple elements. When combined with liability data that describes the loss magnitude implications of these events, organizations can prioritize the elements based on loss exposure and take action to prevent loss exposure.1. A system configured for determining the frequency of cyber risk losses within one or more computing systems composed of computing elements, the system comprising:
one or more hardware processors configured by machine-readable instructions to:
assess vulnerability by determining an exposure window for a computing element based on the number of discrete times within a given time frame where the computing element is in a vulnerable state;
determine a frequency of contact of the computing element with threat actors;
normalize the exposure window and the frequency of contact;
calculate a loss event frequency by dividing the normalized exposure window by the normalized frequency of contact; and
repeat the operations above for multiple elements. 2. The system of claim 2, wherein the normalizing of the exposure window is accomplished as part of assessing vulnerability and the normalizing of the frequency of contact is accomplished as part of determining a frequency. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the normalizing of the exposure window comprises setting the discrete time to a day and setting the given time frame to one year and the normalizing of the frequency of contact by determining a mean time between contact that is represented by the number of days in a year by the number of contacts in a year. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the exposure window, the frequency of contact and the loss event frequency are expressed as a range and the calculating loss event frequency includes applying a stochastic process. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein assessing vulnerability comprises determining between exploitable vulnerable states and non-exploitable vulnerable states and using only exploitable vulnerable states in determining the number of discrete times. 6. The system of claim 2, wherein determining a frequency comprises determining the position of the element within a threat landscape and wherein data indicating the frequency of contact is determined based on the position. 7. The system of claim 2, wherein assessing vulnerability comprises using zero-day exploit information to determine the exposure window. 8. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more hardware processors are further configured by machine-readable instructions to take cyber risk prevention activities based on the prioritization of elements. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more hardware processors are further configured by machine-readable instructions to combine the determined loss event frequency with loss magnitude data and prioritize elements based on loss exposure. 10. A method for prioritizing cyber risks within one or more computing systems composed of computing elements, the method comprising:
assessing vulnerability by determining an exposure window for a computing element based on the number of discrete times within a given time frame where the computing element is in a vulnerable state; determining a frequency of contact of the computing element with threat actors; normalizing the exposure window and the frequency of contact; and calculating a loss event frequency by dividing the normalized exposure window by the normalized frequency of contact; and repeating the steps above for multiple elements. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the normalizing of the exposure window is accomplished as part of assessing vulnerability and the normalizing of the frequency of contact is accomplished as part of determining a frequency. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the normalizing of the exposure window comprises setting the discrete time to a day and setting the given time frame to one year and the normalizing of the frequency of contact by determining a mean time between contact that is represented by the number of days in a year by the number of contacts in a year. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the exposure window, the frequency of contact and the loss event frequency are expressed as a range and the calculating loss event frequency includes applying a stochastic process. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein assessing vulnerability comprises determining between exploitable vulnerable states and non-exploitable vulnerable states and using only exploitable vulnerable states in determining the number of discrete times. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein determining a frequency comprises determining the position of the element within a threat landscape and wherein data indicating the frequency of contact is determined based on the position. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein assessing vulnerability comprises using zero-day exploit information to determine the exposure window. 17. The method of claim 10, further comprising, taking cyber risk prevention activities based on the prioritization of elements. 18. The method of claim 10, further comprising combining the determined loss event frequency with loss magnitude data and prioritizing elements based on loss exposure. 19. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium having instructions embodied thereon, the instructions being executable by one or more processors to perform a method for prioritizing cyber risks within one or more computing systems composed of computing elements, the method comprising:
assessing vulnerability by determining an exposure window for a computing element based on the number of discrete times within a given time frame where the computing element is in a vulnerable state; determining a frequency of contact of the computing element with threat actors; normalizing the exposure window and the frequency of contact; and calculating a loss event frequency by dividing the normalized exposure window by the normalized frequency of contact; and repeating the operations above for multiple elements. 20. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the normalizing of the exposure window is accomplished as part of assessing vulnerability and the normalizing of the frequency of contact is accomplished as part of determining a frequency. 21. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 20, wherein the normalizing of the exposure window comprises setting the discrete time to a day and setting the given time frame to one year and the normalizing of the frequency of contact by determining a mean time between contact that is represented by the number of days in a year by the number of contacts in a year. 22. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the exposure window, the frequency of contact and the loss event frequency are expressed as a range and the calculating loss event frequency includes applying a stochastic process. 23. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein assessing vulnerability comprises determining between exploitable vulnerable states and non-exploitable vulnerable states and using only exploitable vulnerable states in determining the number of discrete times. 24. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein determining a frequency comprises determining the position of the element within a threat landscape and wherein data indicating the frequency of contact is determined based on the position. 25. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein assessing vulnerability comprises using zero-day exploit information to determine the exposure window. 26. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the method further comprises, taking cyber risk prevention activities based on the prioritization of elements. 27. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the method further comprises combining the determined loss event frequency with loss magnitude data and prioritizing elements based on loss exposure. | 2,800 |
340,931 | 16,801,196 | 2,876 | Provided is a monitoring system and a method of controlling a panning-tilt zoom (PTZ) camera by using a fisheye camera when the fisheye camera and the PTZ camera are adjacently installed. The method includes selecting a region of interest (ROI) in an entire surveillance-target area image captured by the fisheye camera and adjusting a panning angle P and a tilting angle T of the PTZ camera to acquire an accurate image of the selected ROI. | 1. A method of controlling a pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) camera by using a fisheye camera when the fisheye camera and the PTZ camera are adjacently installed, the method comprising:
selecting a region of interest in an entire surveillance-target area image captured by the fisheye camera; and adjusting a panning angle P and a tilting angle T of the PTZ camera to acquire an accurate image of the selected region of interest, wherein the adjusting of the panning angle P and the tilting angle T comprises: adjusting the panning angle P and the tilting angle T of the PTZ camera first so that an optical axis of the PTZ camera is parallel with an optical axis of the fisheye camera directed to a center of the region of interest; and after the panning angle P and the tilting angle T are adjusted first, adjusting the panning angle P and the tilting angle T of the PTZ camera second on the basis of a distance value between a center of the region of interest in an image captured by the PTZ camera and a center of the PTZ camera image. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first adjusting of the panning angle P and the tilting angle T comprises:
de-warping an image having a certain range from the center of the region of interest selected in the entire surveillance-target area image captured by the fisheye camera; calculating a panning angle and a tilting angle of the optical axis of the PTZ camera directed to the center of the region of interest of the fisheye camera from the de-warped image; and adjusting the panning angle P and the tilting angle T of the PTZ camera first so that the optical axis of the PTZ camera is parallel with the optical axis of the fisheye camera directed to the center of the region of interest indicated by the panning angle and the tilting angle. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first adjusting of the panning angle P and the tilting angle T comprises adjusting the panning angle P and the tilting angle T of the PTZ camera first by considering a difference value between reference coordinates of the fisheye camera stored when the fisheye camera is installed and reference coordinates of the PTZ camera stored when the PTZ camera is installed. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second adjusting of the panning angle P and the tilting angle T comprises:
acquiring a region of interest image captured by the PTZ camera whose panning angle P and tilting angle T have been adjusted first; detecting the region of interest in the image captured by the PTZ camera by matching the region of interest image to the de-warped image and calculating a distance between a center of the region of interest in the image captured by the PTZ camera and a center of the image captured by the PTZ camera; and adjusting the panning angle P and the tilting angle T of the PTZ camera second on the basis of the calculated distance. 5. A monitoring system comprising:
a fisheye camera configured with a fisheye lens to monitor an entire surveillance-target area; a pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) camera installed adjacent to the fisheye camera and configured to closely monitor a specific location of the surveillance-target area; and a controller configured to have a region of interest selected in an image of the entire surveillance-target area captured by the fisheye camera and adjust a panning angle P and a tilting angle T of the PTZ camera in order to acquire an accurate image of the selected region of interest, wherein the controller adjusts the panning angle P and the tilting angle T of the PTZ camera first so that an optical axis of the PTZ camera is parallel with an optical axis of the fisheye camera directed to a center of the region of interest and adjusts the panning angle P and the tilting angle T of the PTZ camera second on the basis of a distance value between a center of the region of interest in an image captured by the PTZ camera and a center of the PTZ camera image after the panning angle P and the tilting angle T are adjusted first. | Provided is a monitoring system and a method of controlling a panning-tilt zoom (PTZ) camera by using a fisheye camera when the fisheye camera and the PTZ camera are adjacently installed. The method includes selecting a region of interest (ROI) in an entire surveillance-target area image captured by the fisheye camera and adjusting a panning angle P and a tilting angle T of the PTZ camera to acquire an accurate image of the selected ROI.1. A method of controlling a pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) camera by using a fisheye camera when the fisheye camera and the PTZ camera are adjacently installed, the method comprising:
selecting a region of interest in an entire surveillance-target area image captured by the fisheye camera; and adjusting a panning angle P and a tilting angle T of the PTZ camera to acquire an accurate image of the selected region of interest, wherein the adjusting of the panning angle P and the tilting angle T comprises: adjusting the panning angle P and the tilting angle T of the PTZ camera first so that an optical axis of the PTZ camera is parallel with an optical axis of the fisheye camera directed to a center of the region of interest; and after the panning angle P and the tilting angle T are adjusted first, adjusting the panning angle P and the tilting angle T of the PTZ camera second on the basis of a distance value between a center of the region of interest in an image captured by the PTZ camera and a center of the PTZ camera image. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first adjusting of the panning angle P and the tilting angle T comprises:
de-warping an image having a certain range from the center of the region of interest selected in the entire surveillance-target area image captured by the fisheye camera; calculating a panning angle and a tilting angle of the optical axis of the PTZ camera directed to the center of the region of interest of the fisheye camera from the de-warped image; and adjusting the panning angle P and the tilting angle T of the PTZ camera first so that the optical axis of the PTZ camera is parallel with the optical axis of the fisheye camera directed to the center of the region of interest indicated by the panning angle and the tilting angle. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first adjusting of the panning angle P and the tilting angle T comprises adjusting the panning angle P and the tilting angle T of the PTZ camera first by considering a difference value between reference coordinates of the fisheye camera stored when the fisheye camera is installed and reference coordinates of the PTZ camera stored when the PTZ camera is installed. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second adjusting of the panning angle P and the tilting angle T comprises:
acquiring a region of interest image captured by the PTZ camera whose panning angle P and tilting angle T have been adjusted first; detecting the region of interest in the image captured by the PTZ camera by matching the region of interest image to the de-warped image and calculating a distance between a center of the region of interest in the image captured by the PTZ camera and a center of the image captured by the PTZ camera; and adjusting the panning angle P and the tilting angle T of the PTZ camera second on the basis of the calculated distance. 5. A monitoring system comprising:
a fisheye camera configured with a fisheye lens to monitor an entire surveillance-target area; a pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) camera installed adjacent to the fisheye camera and configured to closely monitor a specific location of the surveillance-target area; and a controller configured to have a region of interest selected in an image of the entire surveillance-target area captured by the fisheye camera and adjust a panning angle P and a tilting angle T of the PTZ camera in order to acquire an accurate image of the selected region of interest, wherein the controller adjusts the panning angle P and the tilting angle T of the PTZ camera first so that an optical axis of the PTZ camera is parallel with an optical axis of the fisheye camera directed to a center of the region of interest and adjusts the panning angle P and the tilting angle T of the PTZ camera second on the basis of a distance value between a center of the region of interest in an image captured by the PTZ camera and a center of the PTZ camera image after the panning angle P and the tilting angle T are adjusted first. | 2,800 |
340,932 | 16,801,216 | 2,415 | A storage medium storing a program that causes a processor to execute a process, the process includes collecting packets transmitted among nodes including first nodes that provide services and communicate with each other and a second node that receives a notification packet indicating that a packet corresponding to a data flow of a sampling target has been transferred from each of first nodes, identifying a plurality of notification packets whose destination is the second node in the collected packets, and acquiring a plurality of transmission source addresses of the plurality of notification packets identified, and extracting, from the collected packets, candidate packets having a set of two addresses in transmission source addresses acquired as a transmission source and a destination, and deciding a set of packets corresponding to the data flow of the sampling target from the candidate packets extracted. | 1. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program that causes a processor included in computer to execute a process, the process comprising:
collecting packets transmitted among a plurality of nodes including a plurality of first nodes that provide services and communicate with each other and a second node that receives a notification packet indicating that a packet corresponding to a data flow of a sampling target has been transferred from each of the plurality of first nodes; identifying a plurality of notification packets whose destination is the second node in the collected packets, and acquiring a plurality of transmission source addresses of the plurality of notification packets identified; and extracting, from the collected packets, a plurality of candidate packets having a set of two addresses in the plurality of transmission source addresses acquired as a transmission source and a destination, and deciding a set of packets corresponding to the data flow of the sampling target from the plurality of candidate packets extracted. 2. The storage medium according to claim 1, wherein
a plurality of candidate flows that are candidates for the data flow of the sampling target are generated by tracking a transmission source address and a destination address of each of the plurality of candidate packets, and the data flow of the sampling target is identified in the plurality of candidate flows according to comparison between a first number of nodes of transmission sources of the plurality of notification packets and a second number of nodes that transfer candidate packets in the candidate flow regarding each of the candidate flows. 3. The storage medium according to claim 2, wherein
the candidate flow about which the first number and the second number are same is identified as the data flow of the sampling target. 4. The storage medium according to claim 3, wherein,
in a case where two or more candidate flows about which the first number and the second number are same exist, the data flow of the sampling target is identified in the two or more candidate flows according to comparison between a first timestamp of the plurality of notification packets and a second timestamp of each of the two or more candidate flows. 5. The storage medium according to claim 4, wherein
the candidate flow corresponding to the second timestamp closest to the first timestamp is identified as the data flow of the sampling target. 6. A packet analysis apparatus comprising:
a memory configured to store packets transmitted among a plurality of nodes including a plurality of first nodes that provide services and communicate with each other and a second node that receives a notification packet indicating that a packet corresponding to a data flow of a sampling target has been transferred from each of the plurality of first nodes; and a circuit configured to collect the packets transmitted among the plurality of nodes and store the packets in the memory, the circuit identifying a plurality of notification packets whose destination is the second node in the collected packets and acquiring a plurality of transmission source addresses of the plurality of notification packets identified, the circuit extracting, from the collected packets, a plurality of candidate packets having a set of two addresses in the plurality of transmission source addresses acquired as a transmission source and a destination and deciding a set of packets corresponding to the data flow of the sampling target from the plurality of candidate packets extracted. 7. The packet analysis apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the circuit generates a plurality of candidate flows that are candidates for the data flow of the sampling target by tracking a transmission source address and a destination address of each of the plurality of candidate packets, and identifies the data flow of the sampling target in the plurality of candidate flows according to comparison between a first number of nodes of transmission sources of the plurality of notification packets and a second number of nodes that transfer candidate packets in the candidate flow regarding each of the candidate flows. 8. The packet analysis apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the circuit identifies the candidate flow about which the first number and the second number are same as the data flow of the sampling target. 9. The packet analysis apparatus according to claim 8, wherein,
in a case where two or more candidate flows about which the first number and the second number are same exist, the circuit identifies the data flow of the sampling target in the two or more candidate flows according to comparison between a first timestamp of the plurality of notification packets and a second timestamp of each of the two or more candidate flows. 10. The packet analysis apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the circuit identifies the candidate flow corresponding to the second timestamp closest to the first timestamp as the data flow of the sampling target. 11. A packet analysis method comprising, by a computer:
collecting packets transmitted among a plurality of nodes including a plurality of first nodes that provide services and communicate with each other and a second node that receives a notification packet indicating that a packet corresponding to a data flow of a sampling target has been transferred from each of the plurality of first nodes; identifying a plurality of notification packets whose destination is the second node in the collected packets, and acquiring a plurality of transmission source addresses of the plurality of notification packets identified; and extracting, from the collected packets, a plurality of candidate packets having a set of two addresses in the plurality of transmission source addresses acquired as a transmission source and a destination, and deciding a set of packets corresponding to the data flow of the sampling target from the plurality of candidate packets extracted. | A storage medium storing a program that causes a processor to execute a process, the process includes collecting packets transmitted among nodes including first nodes that provide services and communicate with each other and a second node that receives a notification packet indicating that a packet corresponding to a data flow of a sampling target has been transferred from each of first nodes, identifying a plurality of notification packets whose destination is the second node in the collected packets, and acquiring a plurality of transmission source addresses of the plurality of notification packets identified, and extracting, from the collected packets, candidate packets having a set of two addresses in transmission source addresses acquired as a transmission source and a destination, and deciding a set of packets corresponding to the data flow of the sampling target from the candidate packets extracted.1. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program that causes a processor included in computer to execute a process, the process comprising:
collecting packets transmitted among a plurality of nodes including a plurality of first nodes that provide services and communicate with each other and a second node that receives a notification packet indicating that a packet corresponding to a data flow of a sampling target has been transferred from each of the plurality of first nodes; identifying a plurality of notification packets whose destination is the second node in the collected packets, and acquiring a plurality of transmission source addresses of the plurality of notification packets identified; and extracting, from the collected packets, a plurality of candidate packets having a set of two addresses in the plurality of transmission source addresses acquired as a transmission source and a destination, and deciding a set of packets corresponding to the data flow of the sampling target from the plurality of candidate packets extracted. 2. The storage medium according to claim 1, wherein
a plurality of candidate flows that are candidates for the data flow of the sampling target are generated by tracking a transmission source address and a destination address of each of the plurality of candidate packets, and the data flow of the sampling target is identified in the plurality of candidate flows according to comparison between a first number of nodes of transmission sources of the plurality of notification packets and a second number of nodes that transfer candidate packets in the candidate flow regarding each of the candidate flows. 3. The storage medium according to claim 2, wherein
the candidate flow about which the first number and the second number are same is identified as the data flow of the sampling target. 4. The storage medium according to claim 3, wherein,
in a case where two or more candidate flows about which the first number and the second number are same exist, the data flow of the sampling target is identified in the two or more candidate flows according to comparison between a first timestamp of the plurality of notification packets and a second timestamp of each of the two or more candidate flows. 5. The storage medium according to claim 4, wherein
the candidate flow corresponding to the second timestamp closest to the first timestamp is identified as the data flow of the sampling target. 6. A packet analysis apparatus comprising:
a memory configured to store packets transmitted among a plurality of nodes including a plurality of first nodes that provide services and communicate with each other and a second node that receives a notification packet indicating that a packet corresponding to a data flow of a sampling target has been transferred from each of the plurality of first nodes; and a circuit configured to collect the packets transmitted among the plurality of nodes and store the packets in the memory, the circuit identifying a plurality of notification packets whose destination is the second node in the collected packets and acquiring a plurality of transmission source addresses of the plurality of notification packets identified, the circuit extracting, from the collected packets, a plurality of candidate packets having a set of two addresses in the plurality of transmission source addresses acquired as a transmission source and a destination and deciding a set of packets corresponding to the data flow of the sampling target from the plurality of candidate packets extracted. 7. The packet analysis apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the circuit generates a plurality of candidate flows that are candidates for the data flow of the sampling target by tracking a transmission source address and a destination address of each of the plurality of candidate packets, and identifies the data flow of the sampling target in the plurality of candidate flows according to comparison between a first number of nodes of transmission sources of the plurality of notification packets and a second number of nodes that transfer candidate packets in the candidate flow regarding each of the candidate flows. 8. The packet analysis apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
the circuit identifies the candidate flow about which the first number and the second number are same as the data flow of the sampling target. 9. The packet analysis apparatus according to claim 8, wherein,
in a case where two or more candidate flows about which the first number and the second number are same exist, the circuit identifies the data flow of the sampling target in the two or more candidate flows according to comparison between a first timestamp of the plurality of notification packets and a second timestamp of each of the two or more candidate flows. 10. The packet analysis apparatus according to claim 9, wherein
the circuit identifies the candidate flow corresponding to the second timestamp closest to the first timestamp as the data flow of the sampling target. 11. A packet analysis method comprising, by a computer:
collecting packets transmitted among a plurality of nodes including a plurality of first nodes that provide services and communicate with each other and a second node that receives a notification packet indicating that a packet corresponding to a data flow of a sampling target has been transferred from each of the plurality of first nodes; identifying a plurality of notification packets whose destination is the second node in the collected packets, and acquiring a plurality of transmission source addresses of the plurality of notification packets identified; and extracting, from the collected packets, a plurality of candidate packets having a set of two addresses in the plurality of transmission source addresses acquired as a transmission source and a destination, and deciding a set of packets corresponding to the data flow of the sampling target from the plurality of candidate packets extracted. | 2,400 |
340,933 | 16,801,192 | 2,415 | A breeding method for improving reproductive performance of a chicken specialized dam line includes the steps of forming an F1 generation group, forming a breeding group, screening a breeding group, forming an F2 generation group, and continuously breeding to an Fn generation group. The method includes raising in small-scale groups and natural mating for systematic selection and breeding, which effectively reduces the generation interval and has the features of easy operation and fast genetic progress, not only ensuring animal welfare, but also effectively improving production performance. | 1. A breeding method for improving reproductive performance of a chicken specialized dam line, comprising the following steps:
step A, forming a first generation group, comprising: introducing breeding chickens of a specialized dam line as a breeding material, grouping cocks and hens in the breeding chickens to obtain grouped cocks and grouped hens, and raising the grouped cocks and the grouped hens in brooding/breeding cages to 10 weeks of age to form a material group; then, selecting more than 2,000 cocks from the material group, raising the more than 2,000 cocks in small-scale groups in a plurality of cock cages to 18 weeks of age, eliminating weak cock individuals in the raising, and maintaining remaining cocks in the plurality of cock cages after the weak cock individuals are eliminated; meanwhile, selecting more than 4,000 hens from the material group, raising the more than 4,000 hens in small-scale groups in a plurality of hen cages to 18 weeks of age, eliminating weak hen individuals in the raising, and maintaining remaining hens in the plurality of hen cages after the weak hen individuals are eliminated; step B, forming breeding groups, comprising: at an end of 18 weeks of age in the first generation group, selecting cock groups in a first plurality of cock cages as breeding candidate groups to obtain a number of selected cock cages, wherein each of the first plurality of cock cages comprises at least 10 cocks meeting a breed criteria; selecting hen groups in a first plurality of hen cages as breeding candidate groups to obtain a number of selected hen cages, wherein each of the first plurality of hen cages comprises at least 30 hens meeting the breed criteria; eliminating a second plurality of cock cages and a second plurality of hen cages, wherein each of the second plurality of cock cages comprises less than 10 cocks, and each of the second plurality of hen cages comprises less than 30 hens; according to the number of the selected cock cages, providing a number of breeding cages corresponding with the number of the selected cock cages to breed small-scale groups of cocks and hens to form the breeding groups, wherein the cocks and hens in each of the breeding cages come from a same cock cage in the selected cock cages and a same hen cage in the selected hen cages, respectively; step C, screening the breeding groups, comprising: when the first generation group reaches 25 weeks of age, performing a semen quality determination on the cock groups of the breeding candidate groups in the breeding groups, eliminating cock individuals with unqualified semen quality, and if more than 3 cocks are eliminated in a single breeding cage, then simultaneously eliminating cocks and hens in the single breeding cage; otherwise keeping the cocks and the hens in the single breeding cage as a breeding group for natural mating; when the first generation group is at an end of 32 weeks of age, performing determinations of a fertilization rate and a hatching rate of the breeding groups in each of the breeding cages, counting an egg production from a start of production to 32 weeks of age, the fertilization rate at 32 weeks of age, and the hatching rate at 32 weeks of age in each of the breeding cages; formulating a comprehensive selection index and selecting the breeding groups having the comprehensive selection index of a top 80% as selected breeding groups for breeding offspring; step D, forming a second generation group, comprising: collecting a predetermined number of breeding eggs of each breeding group of the selected breeding groups for hatching, and hatching the predetermined number of breeding eggs to breed the second generation group independently; when the first generation group is at an end of 38 weeks of age, the second generation group emerges, and selecting healthy chicks meeting the breed criteria to form the second generation group; and step E, grouping cocks and hens in the second generation group to obtain grouped cocks and grouped hens, and raising the grouped cocks and the grouped hens in the brooding/breeding cages to an end of 10 weeks of age, and repeating steps A to C to continue breeding to an Nth generation group, wherein N is a natural number greater than 2. 2. The breeding method for improving the reproductive performance of the chicken specialized dam line according to claim 1, wherein in the step A, variation coefficients of weights and appearance uniformity of the more than 2,000 cocks and the more than 4,000 hens selected from the material group are both less than or equal to 10%, a number of the plurality of cock cages is at least 100, each of the plurality of cock cages comprises 20 cocks, and a number of the plurality of hen cages is at least 100, and each of the plurality of hen cages comprises 40 hens per cage. 3. The breeding method for improving the reproductive performance of the chicken specialized dam line according to claim 1, wherein in the step B, the number of the breeding cages is at least 80, and 6 cocks and 30 hens are selected for raising in a small-scale group in each of the breeding cages. 4. The breeding method for improving he reproductive performance of the chicken specialized dam line according to claim 1, wherein in the step C, a semen quality of each of the cock groups in the breeding groups is determined and a number of the breeding cages that are finally selected as the selected breeding groups is at least 60. 5. The breeding method for improving the reproductive performance of the chicken specialized dam line according to claim 1, wherein in the step C, the breeding cages selected as the selected breeding groups are numbered, and since the hens start to produce, a number of produced eggs and a number of deaths and eliminations in the group of each of the breeding cages are recorded; in the step E, the breeding cages of a nth generation group are numbered in corresponding fashion according to the numbers of the breeding cages of a (n−1)th generation group, wherein n is a natural number equal to or less than N. 6. The breeding method for improving the reproductive performance of the chicken specialized dam line according to claim 5, wherein after the fertilization rate and the hatching rate of the breeding groups in each of the breeding cages are determined in the step C. the number of the breeding cages selected as the selected breeding groups is at least 40. 7. The breeding method for improving the reproductive performance of the chicken specialized dam line according to claim 1, wherein the step E further comprises that at the end of 18 weeks of age in an nth generation group, cocks and hens in a same breeding cage do not come from a same breeding cage in a (n−1)th generation; at the end of 32 weeks of age, when selecting the (n−1)th generation group for breeding the nth generation, evaluating the egg production at 32 weeks of age, the fertilization rate at 32 weeks of age, the hatching rate at 32 weeks of age, and the egg production at 66 weeks of age in a (n−2)th generation to make changes to the breeding method, wherein n is a natural number equal to or less than N. 8. The breeding method for improving the reproductive performance of the chicken specialized dam line according to claim 4, wherein in the step C, the breeding cages selected as the selected breeding groups are numbered, and since the hens start to produce, a number of produced eggs and a number of deaths and eliminations in the group of each of the breeding cages are recorded; in the step E, the breeding cages of a nth generation group are numbered in corresponding fashion according to the numbers of the breeding cages of a (n−1)th generation group, wherein n is a natural number equal to or less than N. | A breeding method for improving reproductive performance of a chicken specialized dam line includes the steps of forming an F1 generation group, forming a breeding group, screening a breeding group, forming an F2 generation group, and continuously breeding to an Fn generation group. The method includes raising in small-scale groups and natural mating for systematic selection and breeding, which effectively reduces the generation interval and has the features of easy operation and fast genetic progress, not only ensuring animal welfare, but also effectively improving production performance.1. A breeding method for improving reproductive performance of a chicken specialized dam line, comprising the following steps:
step A, forming a first generation group, comprising: introducing breeding chickens of a specialized dam line as a breeding material, grouping cocks and hens in the breeding chickens to obtain grouped cocks and grouped hens, and raising the grouped cocks and the grouped hens in brooding/breeding cages to 10 weeks of age to form a material group; then, selecting more than 2,000 cocks from the material group, raising the more than 2,000 cocks in small-scale groups in a plurality of cock cages to 18 weeks of age, eliminating weak cock individuals in the raising, and maintaining remaining cocks in the plurality of cock cages after the weak cock individuals are eliminated; meanwhile, selecting more than 4,000 hens from the material group, raising the more than 4,000 hens in small-scale groups in a plurality of hen cages to 18 weeks of age, eliminating weak hen individuals in the raising, and maintaining remaining hens in the plurality of hen cages after the weak hen individuals are eliminated; step B, forming breeding groups, comprising: at an end of 18 weeks of age in the first generation group, selecting cock groups in a first plurality of cock cages as breeding candidate groups to obtain a number of selected cock cages, wherein each of the first plurality of cock cages comprises at least 10 cocks meeting a breed criteria; selecting hen groups in a first plurality of hen cages as breeding candidate groups to obtain a number of selected hen cages, wherein each of the first plurality of hen cages comprises at least 30 hens meeting the breed criteria; eliminating a second plurality of cock cages and a second plurality of hen cages, wherein each of the second plurality of cock cages comprises less than 10 cocks, and each of the second plurality of hen cages comprises less than 30 hens; according to the number of the selected cock cages, providing a number of breeding cages corresponding with the number of the selected cock cages to breed small-scale groups of cocks and hens to form the breeding groups, wherein the cocks and hens in each of the breeding cages come from a same cock cage in the selected cock cages and a same hen cage in the selected hen cages, respectively; step C, screening the breeding groups, comprising: when the first generation group reaches 25 weeks of age, performing a semen quality determination on the cock groups of the breeding candidate groups in the breeding groups, eliminating cock individuals with unqualified semen quality, and if more than 3 cocks are eliminated in a single breeding cage, then simultaneously eliminating cocks and hens in the single breeding cage; otherwise keeping the cocks and the hens in the single breeding cage as a breeding group for natural mating; when the first generation group is at an end of 32 weeks of age, performing determinations of a fertilization rate and a hatching rate of the breeding groups in each of the breeding cages, counting an egg production from a start of production to 32 weeks of age, the fertilization rate at 32 weeks of age, and the hatching rate at 32 weeks of age in each of the breeding cages; formulating a comprehensive selection index and selecting the breeding groups having the comprehensive selection index of a top 80% as selected breeding groups for breeding offspring; step D, forming a second generation group, comprising: collecting a predetermined number of breeding eggs of each breeding group of the selected breeding groups for hatching, and hatching the predetermined number of breeding eggs to breed the second generation group independently; when the first generation group is at an end of 38 weeks of age, the second generation group emerges, and selecting healthy chicks meeting the breed criteria to form the second generation group; and step E, grouping cocks and hens in the second generation group to obtain grouped cocks and grouped hens, and raising the grouped cocks and the grouped hens in the brooding/breeding cages to an end of 10 weeks of age, and repeating steps A to C to continue breeding to an Nth generation group, wherein N is a natural number greater than 2. 2. The breeding method for improving the reproductive performance of the chicken specialized dam line according to claim 1, wherein in the step A, variation coefficients of weights and appearance uniformity of the more than 2,000 cocks and the more than 4,000 hens selected from the material group are both less than or equal to 10%, a number of the plurality of cock cages is at least 100, each of the plurality of cock cages comprises 20 cocks, and a number of the plurality of hen cages is at least 100, and each of the plurality of hen cages comprises 40 hens per cage. 3. The breeding method for improving the reproductive performance of the chicken specialized dam line according to claim 1, wherein in the step B, the number of the breeding cages is at least 80, and 6 cocks and 30 hens are selected for raising in a small-scale group in each of the breeding cages. 4. The breeding method for improving he reproductive performance of the chicken specialized dam line according to claim 1, wherein in the step C, a semen quality of each of the cock groups in the breeding groups is determined and a number of the breeding cages that are finally selected as the selected breeding groups is at least 60. 5. The breeding method for improving the reproductive performance of the chicken specialized dam line according to claim 1, wherein in the step C, the breeding cages selected as the selected breeding groups are numbered, and since the hens start to produce, a number of produced eggs and a number of deaths and eliminations in the group of each of the breeding cages are recorded; in the step E, the breeding cages of a nth generation group are numbered in corresponding fashion according to the numbers of the breeding cages of a (n−1)th generation group, wherein n is a natural number equal to or less than N. 6. The breeding method for improving the reproductive performance of the chicken specialized dam line according to claim 5, wherein after the fertilization rate and the hatching rate of the breeding groups in each of the breeding cages are determined in the step C. the number of the breeding cages selected as the selected breeding groups is at least 40. 7. The breeding method for improving the reproductive performance of the chicken specialized dam line according to claim 1, wherein the step E further comprises that at the end of 18 weeks of age in an nth generation group, cocks and hens in a same breeding cage do not come from a same breeding cage in a (n−1)th generation; at the end of 32 weeks of age, when selecting the (n−1)th generation group for breeding the nth generation, evaluating the egg production at 32 weeks of age, the fertilization rate at 32 weeks of age, the hatching rate at 32 weeks of age, and the egg production at 66 weeks of age in a (n−2)th generation to make changes to the breeding method, wherein n is a natural number equal to or less than N. 8. The breeding method for improving the reproductive performance of the chicken specialized dam line according to claim 4, wherein in the step C, the breeding cages selected as the selected breeding groups are numbered, and since the hens start to produce, a number of produced eggs and a number of deaths and eliminations in the group of each of the breeding cages are recorded; in the step E, the breeding cages of a nth generation group are numbered in corresponding fashion according to the numbers of the breeding cages of a (n−1)th generation group, wherein n is a natural number equal to or less than N. | 2,400 |
340,934 | 16,801,191 | 2,415 | A sensing sensor includes an oscillator circuit, a base, a connection portion, and a temperature changing unit. The oscillator circuit oscillates the piezoelectric resonator. The base includes a base main body in which a depressed portion is provided and a lid portion at one side, supports the piezoelectric resonator at another side, and is for taking the oscillation frequency to an outside of the sensing sensor. The depressed portion houses the oscillator circuit. The lid portion covers the depressed portion. The connection portion is disposed at the one side of the base and connected to a cooling mechanism for cooling the base from the one side. The temperature changing unit is interposed between the piezoelectric resonator and the base, so as to cool and heat the piezoelectric resonator and transfer a heat radiated for cooling the piezoelectric resonator from the other side of the base to the one side. | 1. A sensing sensor that senses a substance to be sensed based on a change of an oscillation frequency of the piezoelectric resonator, wherein the substance to be sensed which is a gas is attached to the piezoelectric resonator, and the substance to be sensed is detached by changing a temperature of the piezoelectric resonator, the sensing sensor comprising:
an oscillator circuit, configured to oscillate the piezoelectric resonator; a base, including a base main body and a lid portion at one side of the base,
wherein the base main body is provided with a depressed portion for housing the oscillator circuit, and the lid portion is for covering the depressed portion, the base is configured to support the piezoelectric resonator at another side of the base and take the oscillation frequency to an outside of the sensing sensor;
a connection portion, being disposed at the one side of the base and connected to a cooling mechanism for cooling the base from the one side of the base; and a temperature changing unit, being interposed between the piezoelectric resonator and the base, so as to cool and heat the piezoelectric resonator and transfer a heat radiated for cooling the piezoelectric resonator from the other side of the base to the one side of the base. 2. The sensing sensor according to claim 1, wherein
the temperature changing unit includes a Peltier element. 3. The sensing sensor according to claim 2, wherein
the Peltier element includes a first Peltier element and a second Peltier element that are laminated to one another. 4. The sensing sensor according to claim 1, wherein
the depressed portion is configured to house a circuit board including the oscillator circuit, and a heat insulating portion for insulating heat between the base and the circuit board is disposed at one side and at another side of the circuit board. 5. The sensing sensor according to claim 2, wherein
the depressed portion is configured to house a circuit board including the oscillator circuit, and a heat insulating portion for insulating heat between the base and the circuit board is disposed at one side and at another side of the circuit board. 6. The sensing sensor according to claim 3, wherein
the depressed portion is configured to house a circuit board including the oscillator circuit, and a heat insulating portion for insulating heat between the base and the circuit board is disposed at one side and at another side of the circuit board. 7. The sensing sensor according to claim 1, wherein
the temperature changing unit is configured to change the temperature of the piezoelectric resonator in a range from −80° C. to 125° C. 8. The sensing sensor according to claim 2, wherein
the temperature changing unit is configured to change the temperature of the piezoelectric resonator in a range from −80° C. to 125° C. 9. The sensing sensor according to claim 3, wherein
the temperature changing unit is configured to change the temperature of the piezoelectric resonator in a range from −80° C. to 125° C. 10. The sensing sensor according to claim 4, wherein
the temperature changing unit is configured to change the temperature of the piezoelectric resonator in a range from −80° C. to 125° C. 11. The sensing sensor according to claim 5, wherein
the temperature changing unit is configured to change the temperature of the piezoelectric resonator in a range from −80° C. to 125° C. 12. The sensing sensor according to claim 6, wherein
the temperature changing unit is configured to change the temperature of the piezoelectric resonator in a range from −80° C. to 125° C. | A sensing sensor includes an oscillator circuit, a base, a connection portion, and a temperature changing unit. The oscillator circuit oscillates the piezoelectric resonator. The base includes a base main body in which a depressed portion is provided and a lid portion at one side, supports the piezoelectric resonator at another side, and is for taking the oscillation frequency to an outside of the sensing sensor. The depressed portion houses the oscillator circuit. The lid portion covers the depressed portion. The connection portion is disposed at the one side of the base and connected to a cooling mechanism for cooling the base from the one side. The temperature changing unit is interposed between the piezoelectric resonator and the base, so as to cool and heat the piezoelectric resonator and transfer a heat radiated for cooling the piezoelectric resonator from the other side of the base to the one side.1. A sensing sensor that senses a substance to be sensed based on a change of an oscillation frequency of the piezoelectric resonator, wherein the substance to be sensed which is a gas is attached to the piezoelectric resonator, and the substance to be sensed is detached by changing a temperature of the piezoelectric resonator, the sensing sensor comprising:
an oscillator circuit, configured to oscillate the piezoelectric resonator; a base, including a base main body and a lid portion at one side of the base,
wherein the base main body is provided with a depressed portion for housing the oscillator circuit, and the lid portion is for covering the depressed portion, the base is configured to support the piezoelectric resonator at another side of the base and take the oscillation frequency to an outside of the sensing sensor;
a connection portion, being disposed at the one side of the base and connected to a cooling mechanism for cooling the base from the one side of the base; and a temperature changing unit, being interposed between the piezoelectric resonator and the base, so as to cool and heat the piezoelectric resonator and transfer a heat radiated for cooling the piezoelectric resonator from the other side of the base to the one side of the base. 2. The sensing sensor according to claim 1, wherein
the temperature changing unit includes a Peltier element. 3. The sensing sensor according to claim 2, wherein
the Peltier element includes a first Peltier element and a second Peltier element that are laminated to one another. 4. The sensing sensor according to claim 1, wherein
the depressed portion is configured to house a circuit board including the oscillator circuit, and a heat insulating portion for insulating heat between the base and the circuit board is disposed at one side and at another side of the circuit board. 5. The sensing sensor according to claim 2, wherein
the depressed portion is configured to house a circuit board including the oscillator circuit, and a heat insulating portion for insulating heat between the base and the circuit board is disposed at one side and at another side of the circuit board. 6. The sensing sensor according to claim 3, wherein
the depressed portion is configured to house a circuit board including the oscillator circuit, and a heat insulating portion for insulating heat between the base and the circuit board is disposed at one side and at another side of the circuit board. 7. The sensing sensor according to claim 1, wherein
the temperature changing unit is configured to change the temperature of the piezoelectric resonator in a range from −80° C. to 125° C. 8. The sensing sensor according to claim 2, wherein
the temperature changing unit is configured to change the temperature of the piezoelectric resonator in a range from −80° C. to 125° C. 9. The sensing sensor according to claim 3, wherein
the temperature changing unit is configured to change the temperature of the piezoelectric resonator in a range from −80° C. to 125° C. 10. The sensing sensor according to claim 4, wherein
the temperature changing unit is configured to change the temperature of the piezoelectric resonator in a range from −80° C. to 125° C. 11. The sensing sensor according to claim 5, wherein
the temperature changing unit is configured to change the temperature of the piezoelectric resonator in a range from −80° C. to 125° C. 12. The sensing sensor according to claim 6, wherein
the temperature changing unit is configured to change the temperature of the piezoelectric resonator in a range from −80° C. to 125° C. | 2,400 |
340,935 | 16,801,232 | 3,657 | A brake system with a wheel brake has a fluid reservoir and a valve assembly in fluid communication with the reservoir via a first conduit. The valve assembly is in fluid communication with the wheel brake via a second conduit. The valve assembly includes a bypass valve which only permits fluid flow from the first conduit to the second conduit when the fluid pressure within the first conduit is above a predetermined pressure level above atmospheric pressure. The valve assembly further includes a check valve in a parallel path arrangement relative to the bypass valve such that the check valve permits fluid flow from the second conduit to the first conduit, and prevents fluid flow from the first conduit to the second conduit. The brake system further includes a first source of pressurized fluid providing fluid pressure for actuating the wheel brake, wherein the first source of pressurized fluid is selectively in fluid communication with the second conduit. | 1. A brake system having a wheel brake comprising:
a fluid reservoir; a valve assembly in fluid communication with the reservoir via a first conduit, and wherein the valve assembly is in fluid communication with the wheel brake via a second conduit, wherein the valve assembly includes:
a bypass valve which only permits fluid flow from the first conduit to the second conduit when the fluid pressure within the first conduit is above a predetermined pressure level above atmospheric pressure; and
a check valve in a parallel path arrangement relative to the bypass valve such that the check valve permits fluid flow from the second conduit to the first conduit, and prevents fluid flow from the first conduit to the second conduit; and
a first source of pressurized fluid providing fluid pressure for actuating the wheel brake, wherein the first source of pressurized fluid is selectively in fluid communication with the second conduit. 2. The system of claim 1 further including a master cylinder operable by a brake pedal, wherein the master cylinder is selectively in fluid communication with the first conduit. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the master cylinder has a single fluid pressure chamber pressurized by movement of a single piston slidably disposed in a bore of a housing of the master cylinder, and wherein the single fluid pressure chamber is selectively in fluid communication with the first conduit. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the pressure within the fluid reservoir is at about atmospheric pressure, and wherein the predetermined pressure level is at about 1 bar. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the brake system is operable under a non-failure normal braking mode and a manual push-through mode, the system further including:
a master cylinder operable by a brake pedal during a manual push-through mode to provide fluid flow at the first conduit for actuating the wheel brake; and a first source of pressurized fluid providing fluid pressure in the second conduit for actuating the wheel brake under a normal braking mode. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the first source of pressurized fluid is a plunger assembly including a housing defining a bore therein, wherein the plunger assembly includes a piston slidably disposed in the bore of the plunger assembly such that movement of the piston pressurizes a pressure chamber when the piston is moved in a first direction, and wherein the pressure chamber of the plunger assembly is in fluid communication with the second conduit, and wherein the plunger assembly further includes an electrically operated linear actuator for moving the piston within the bore. 7. The system of claim 5 further including a second source of pressurized fluid for generating brake actuating pressure for actuating the wheel brake, wherein the second source of pressurized fluid is in fluid communication with the first conduit. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the second source of pressurized fluid includes a motorized pump. 9. A brake system having a wheel brake and being operable under a non-failure normal braking mode and a manual push-through mode, the system comprising:
a first source of pressurized fluid providing fluid pressure for actuating the wheel brake under a normal braking mode; and a master cylinder operable by a brake pedal during a manual push-through mode to provide fluid flow at an output for actuating the wheel brake, wherein the master cylinder has a single fluid pressure chamber pressurized by movement of a single piston slidably disposed in a bore of a housing of the master cylinder. 10. The system of claim 9 further including a second source of pressurized fluid for generating brake actuating pressure for actuating the wheel brake. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the master cylinder includes a single coil spring biasing the piston. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the master cylinder includes a pair of coil springs having a retainer disposed therebetween. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the first source of pressurized fluid is a plunger assembly including a housing defining a bore therein, wherein the plunger assembly includes a piston slidably disposed in the bore of the plunger assembly such that movement of the piston pressurizes a pressure chamber when the piston is moved in a first direction, and wherein the plunger assembly further includes an electrically operated linear actuator for moving the piston within the bore. 14. The system of claim 9 further including a solenoid actuating normally open dump valve for selectively venting fluid pressure from the wheel brake to a fluid reservoir at about atmospheric pressure. 15. The system of claim 9 further including a second source of pressurized fluid for generating brake actuating pressure for actuating the wheel brake. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the second source of pressurized fluid includes a motorized pump. 17. A master cylinder comprising:
a housing having a bore formed therein defining a pressure chamber; a single piston slidably mounted within the bore, wherein movement of the single piston pressurizes the pressure chamber of the master cylinder; and a spring assembly biasing the piston, wherein the spring assembly includes:
a first spring;
a second spring; and
a retainer disposed between the first and second springs and slidably disposed within the bore of the housing. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the first and second springs are coil springs. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the first and second springs have the same spring rates. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the retainer includes a bore formed therein, and wherein a portion of the second spring is housed within the bore of the retainer. | A brake system with a wheel brake has a fluid reservoir and a valve assembly in fluid communication with the reservoir via a first conduit. The valve assembly is in fluid communication with the wheel brake via a second conduit. The valve assembly includes a bypass valve which only permits fluid flow from the first conduit to the second conduit when the fluid pressure within the first conduit is above a predetermined pressure level above atmospheric pressure. The valve assembly further includes a check valve in a parallel path arrangement relative to the bypass valve such that the check valve permits fluid flow from the second conduit to the first conduit, and prevents fluid flow from the first conduit to the second conduit. The brake system further includes a first source of pressurized fluid providing fluid pressure for actuating the wheel brake, wherein the first source of pressurized fluid is selectively in fluid communication with the second conduit.1. A brake system having a wheel brake comprising:
a fluid reservoir; a valve assembly in fluid communication with the reservoir via a first conduit, and wherein the valve assembly is in fluid communication with the wheel brake via a second conduit, wherein the valve assembly includes:
a bypass valve which only permits fluid flow from the first conduit to the second conduit when the fluid pressure within the first conduit is above a predetermined pressure level above atmospheric pressure; and
a check valve in a parallel path arrangement relative to the bypass valve such that the check valve permits fluid flow from the second conduit to the first conduit, and prevents fluid flow from the first conduit to the second conduit; and
a first source of pressurized fluid providing fluid pressure for actuating the wheel brake, wherein the first source of pressurized fluid is selectively in fluid communication with the second conduit. 2. The system of claim 1 further including a master cylinder operable by a brake pedal, wherein the master cylinder is selectively in fluid communication with the first conduit. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the master cylinder has a single fluid pressure chamber pressurized by movement of a single piston slidably disposed in a bore of a housing of the master cylinder, and wherein the single fluid pressure chamber is selectively in fluid communication with the first conduit. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the pressure within the fluid reservoir is at about atmospheric pressure, and wherein the predetermined pressure level is at about 1 bar. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the brake system is operable under a non-failure normal braking mode and a manual push-through mode, the system further including:
a master cylinder operable by a brake pedal during a manual push-through mode to provide fluid flow at the first conduit for actuating the wheel brake; and a first source of pressurized fluid providing fluid pressure in the second conduit for actuating the wheel brake under a normal braking mode. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the first source of pressurized fluid is a plunger assembly including a housing defining a bore therein, wherein the plunger assembly includes a piston slidably disposed in the bore of the plunger assembly such that movement of the piston pressurizes a pressure chamber when the piston is moved in a first direction, and wherein the pressure chamber of the plunger assembly is in fluid communication with the second conduit, and wherein the plunger assembly further includes an electrically operated linear actuator for moving the piston within the bore. 7. The system of claim 5 further including a second source of pressurized fluid for generating brake actuating pressure for actuating the wheel brake, wherein the second source of pressurized fluid is in fluid communication with the first conduit. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the second source of pressurized fluid includes a motorized pump. 9. A brake system having a wheel brake and being operable under a non-failure normal braking mode and a manual push-through mode, the system comprising:
a first source of pressurized fluid providing fluid pressure for actuating the wheel brake under a normal braking mode; and a master cylinder operable by a brake pedal during a manual push-through mode to provide fluid flow at an output for actuating the wheel brake, wherein the master cylinder has a single fluid pressure chamber pressurized by movement of a single piston slidably disposed in a bore of a housing of the master cylinder. 10. The system of claim 9 further including a second source of pressurized fluid for generating brake actuating pressure for actuating the wheel brake. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the master cylinder includes a single coil spring biasing the piston. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the master cylinder includes a pair of coil springs having a retainer disposed therebetween. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the first source of pressurized fluid is a plunger assembly including a housing defining a bore therein, wherein the plunger assembly includes a piston slidably disposed in the bore of the plunger assembly such that movement of the piston pressurizes a pressure chamber when the piston is moved in a first direction, and wherein the plunger assembly further includes an electrically operated linear actuator for moving the piston within the bore. 14. The system of claim 9 further including a solenoid actuating normally open dump valve for selectively venting fluid pressure from the wheel brake to a fluid reservoir at about atmospheric pressure. 15. The system of claim 9 further including a second source of pressurized fluid for generating brake actuating pressure for actuating the wheel brake. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the second source of pressurized fluid includes a motorized pump. 17. A master cylinder comprising:
a housing having a bore formed therein defining a pressure chamber; a single piston slidably mounted within the bore, wherein movement of the single piston pressurizes the pressure chamber of the master cylinder; and a spring assembly biasing the piston, wherein the spring assembly includes:
a first spring;
a second spring; and
a retainer disposed between the first and second springs and slidably disposed within the bore of the housing. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the first and second springs are coil springs. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the first and second springs have the same spring rates. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the retainer includes a bore formed therein, and wherein a portion of the second spring is housed within the bore of the retainer. | 3,600 |
340,936 | 16,801,209 | 3,657 | The present invention is directed towards an electrodepositable coating composition comprising a polyfarnesene polymer and an ionic salt group-containing film-forming polymer. Also disclosed are methods of coating a substrate using the electrodepositable coating composition, coatings derived from the electrodepositable coating composition, and substrates coated with the coatings derived from the electrodepositable coating composition. | 1. An electrodepositable coating composition comprising:
a polyfarnesene polymer; and an ionic salt group-containing film-forming polymer. 2. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, wherein the polyfarnesene polymer comprises the residue of trans-β-farnesene. 3. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, wherein the polyfarnesene polymer further comprises the residue of α-farnesene, cis-β-farnesene, or any combination thereof. 4. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, wherein the polyfarnesene polymer further comprises the residue of butadiene, isoprene, styrene, a sesquiterpene, or any combination thereof. 5. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, wherein the polyfarnesene polymer has a number average molecular weight of 500 g/mol to 10,000 g/mol. 6. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, wherein the polyfarnesene polymer is present in the electrodepositable coating composition in an amount of 0.1% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the resin blend solids. 7. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, the polyfarnesene polymer is incorporated into the electrodepositable coating composition as a reaction product comprising the residue of the polyfarnesene polymer. 8. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 7, wherein the polyfarnesene polymer comprises a functional group that is reacted with a compound to form the reaction product. 9. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, wherein the polyfarnesene polymer comprises an amino functional group, a thiol functional group, an epoxide functional group, an amide functional group, a carbamate functional group, a carboxylic acid group, a phosphorous acid group, a sulfonic acid group, or any combination thereof. 10. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, wherein the polyfarnesene polymer comprises at least one hydroxyl functional group. 11. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 10, wherein the polyfarnesene polymer has a theoretical hydroxyl group equivalent weight of 100 to 10,000 g/equivalent. 12. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 10, wherein the polyfarnesene polymer has a hydroxyl weight of 0.1 to 2.0 meq/g. 13. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, further comprising a polybutadiene polyol, a polybutylene oxide polymer, a polyetheramine adduct, a polyamine-dialdehyde adduct, an epoxy microgel, an acrylic microgel, an acrylic polymer, or any combination thereof. 14. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, wherein the ionic salt group-containing film-forming polymer comprises functional groups and the electrodepositable coating composition further comprises a curing agent that is reactive with the functional groups of the film-forming polymer. 15. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 14, wherein the curing agent comprises a blocked polyisocyanate. 16. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 15, wherein the blocked polyisocyanate is at least partially blocked with the polyfarnesene polymer as a blocking agent. 17. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, wherein the electrodepositable coating composition is substantially free of tin. 18. A method of coating a substrate comprising electrophoretically applying a coating deposited from the electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1 to at least a portion of the substrate. 19. A substrate coated with a coating deposited from the electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1. 20. The substrate of claim 19, wherein a crater depth of the coating on the substrate as measured by CRATER DEPTH TEST METHOD is reduced by at least 10% compared to a comparative coating composition that does not include the polyfarnesene polyol. | The present invention is directed towards an electrodepositable coating composition comprising a polyfarnesene polymer and an ionic salt group-containing film-forming polymer. Also disclosed are methods of coating a substrate using the electrodepositable coating composition, coatings derived from the electrodepositable coating composition, and substrates coated with the coatings derived from the electrodepositable coating composition.1. An electrodepositable coating composition comprising:
a polyfarnesene polymer; and an ionic salt group-containing film-forming polymer. 2. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, wherein the polyfarnesene polymer comprises the residue of trans-β-farnesene. 3. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, wherein the polyfarnesene polymer further comprises the residue of α-farnesene, cis-β-farnesene, or any combination thereof. 4. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, wherein the polyfarnesene polymer further comprises the residue of butadiene, isoprene, styrene, a sesquiterpene, or any combination thereof. 5. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, wherein the polyfarnesene polymer has a number average molecular weight of 500 g/mol to 10,000 g/mol. 6. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, wherein the polyfarnesene polymer is present in the electrodepositable coating composition in an amount of 0.1% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the resin blend solids. 7. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, the polyfarnesene polymer is incorporated into the electrodepositable coating composition as a reaction product comprising the residue of the polyfarnesene polymer. 8. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 7, wherein the polyfarnesene polymer comprises a functional group that is reacted with a compound to form the reaction product. 9. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, wherein the polyfarnesene polymer comprises an amino functional group, a thiol functional group, an epoxide functional group, an amide functional group, a carbamate functional group, a carboxylic acid group, a phosphorous acid group, a sulfonic acid group, or any combination thereof. 10. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, wherein the polyfarnesene polymer comprises at least one hydroxyl functional group. 11. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 10, wherein the polyfarnesene polymer has a theoretical hydroxyl group equivalent weight of 100 to 10,000 g/equivalent. 12. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 10, wherein the polyfarnesene polymer has a hydroxyl weight of 0.1 to 2.0 meq/g. 13. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, further comprising a polybutadiene polyol, a polybutylene oxide polymer, a polyetheramine adduct, a polyamine-dialdehyde adduct, an epoxy microgel, an acrylic microgel, an acrylic polymer, or any combination thereof. 14. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, wherein the ionic salt group-containing film-forming polymer comprises functional groups and the electrodepositable coating composition further comprises a curing agent that is reactive with the functional groups of the film-forming polymer. 15. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 14, wherein the curing agent comprises a blocked polyisocyanate. 16. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 15, wherein the blocked polyisocyanate is at least partially blocked with the polyfarnesene polymer as a blocking agent. 17. The electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1, wherein the electrodepositable coating composition is substantially free of tin. 18. A method of coating a substrate comprising electrophoretically applying a coating deposited from the electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1 to at least a portion of the substrate. 19. A substrate coated with a coating deposited from the electrodepositable coating composition of claim 1. 20. The substrate of claim 19, wherein a crater depth of the coating on the substrate as measured by CRATER DEPTH TEST METHOD is reduced by at least 10% compared to a comparative coating composition that does not include the polyfarnesene polyol. | 3,600 |
340,937 | 16,801,203 | 3,657 | A managing apparatus includes a data collecting unit that collects at least quality information on a workpiece having been machined by a first machine tool and operational information on other machine, an analyzing unit that performs an analysis for determining correlation between the quality information on a workpiece having been machined by the first machine tool and a change in the operational information on the other machine, an operation plan making unit that makes an operation plan, based on the correlation determined by the analyzing unit, for imposing a restriction on an operation of the other machine to reduce a change in environmental temperature of the first machine tool during high-precision machining performed by the first machine tool, and an operation instruction providing unit that provides an operation instruction to the other machine based on the operation plan made by the operation plan making unit. | 1. A managing apparatus for factory equipment,
the managing apparatus being used in a manufacturing site in which a first machine tool for high-precision machining and at least one other machine are in operation, and used for managing an operation of the other machine, comprising: a data collecting unit that collects quality information on a workpiece having been machined by the first machine tool and operational information on the other machine; an analyzing unit that performs an analysis for determining correlation between the quality information on a workpiece having been machined by the first machine tool and a change in the operational information on the other machine; an operation plan making unit that makes an operation plan, based on the correlation determined by the analyzing unit, for imposing a restriction on an operation of the other machine to reduce a change in an environmental temperature of the first machine tool during high-precision machining performed by the first machine tool; and an operation instruction providing unit that provides an operation instruction to the other machine based on the operation plan made by the operation plan making unit. 2. The managing apparatus for factory equipment according to claim 1,
wherein the other machine is a second machine tool different from the first machine tool, and the restriction is a restriction on a change in at least one of speed, acceleration, and moving frequency of an axis of the second machine tool. 3. The managing apparatus for factory equipment according to claim 2, wherein the restriction is imposed only on a specific axis of the second machine tool. 4. The managing apparatus for factory equipment according to claim 1,
wherein the other machine is an air conditioner different from the first machine tool, and the restriction is a restriction on a change in temperature setting of the air conditioner. 5. The managing apparatus for factory equipment according to claim 1, wherein the managing apparatus reads a machining program for the first machine tool in advance and imposes the restriction on the other machine before the first machine tool starts planed high-precision machining. 6. The managing apparatus for factory equipment according to claim 1, wherein the restriction is an adjustment to at least one of a start time and a finish time for a predetermined operation of the other machine. 7. The managing apparatus for factory equipment according to claim 1, wherein the correlation is determined by machine learning. 8. The managing apparatus for factory equipment according to claim 1,
wherein the data collecting unit further collects temperature information generated in the first machine tool, the temperature information being detected by a temperature sensor, the analyzing unit performs an analysis for determining correlation between the temperature information generated in the first machine tool and a change in operational information on the other machine, and the operation plan making unit makes an operation plan, based on the correlation between the temperature information and the change in the operational information determined by the analyzing unit, for imposing a restriction on an operation of the other machine to reduce the change in the environmental temperature of the first machine tool during high-precision machining performed by the first machine tool. 9. A managing system having a plurality of managing apparatuses for factory equipment according to claim 1, the apparatuses being connected with each other via a network, wherein an analytical result provided by the analyzing unit can be shared with each other among the managing apparatuses. | A managing apparatus includes a data collecting unit that collects at least quality information on a workpiece having been machined by a first machine tool and operational information on other machine, an analyzing unit that performs an analysis for determining correlation between the quality information on a workpiece having been machined by the first machine tool and a change in the operational information on the other machine, an operation plan making unit that makes an operation plan, based on the correlation determined by the analyzing unit, for imposing a restriction on an operation of the other machine to reduce a change in environmental temperature of the first machine tool during high-precision machining performed by the first machine tool, and an operation instruction providing unit that provides an operation instruction to the other machine based on the operation plan made by the operation plan making unit.1. A managing apparatus for factory equipment,
the managing apparatus being used in a manufacturing site in which a first machine tool for high-precision machining and at least one other machine are in operation, and used for managing an operation of the other machine, comprising: a data collecting unit that collects quality information on a workpiece having been machined by the first machine tool and operational information on the other machine; an analyzing unit that performs an analysis for determining correlation between the quality information on a workpiece having been machined by the first machine tool and a change in the operational information on the other machine; an operation plan making unit that makes an operation plan, based on the correlation determined by the analyzing unit, for imposing a restriction on an operation of the other machine to reduce a change in an environmental temperature of the first machine tool during high-precision machining performed by the first machine tool; and an operation instruction providing unit that provides an operation instruction to the other machine based on the operation plan made by the operation plan making unit. 2. The managing apparatus for factory equipment according to claim 1,
wherein the other machine is a second machine tool different from the first machine tool, and the restriction is a restriction on a change in at least one of speed, acceleration, and moving frequency of an axis of the second machine tool. 3. The managing apparatus for factory equipment according to claim 2, wherein the restriction is imposed only on a specific axis of the second machine tool. 4. The managing apparatus for factory equipment according to claim 1,
wherein the other machine is an air conditioner different from the first machine tool, and the restriction is a restriction on a change in temperature setting of the air conditioner. 5. The managing apparatus for factory equipment according to claim 1, wherein the managing apparatus reads a machining program for the first machine tool in advance and imposes the restriction on the other machine before the first machine tool starts planed high-precision machining. 6. The managing apparatus for factory equipment according to claim 1, wherein the restriction is an adjustment to at least one of a start time and a finish time for a predetermined operation of the other machine. 7. The managing apparatus for factory equipment according to claim 1, wherein the correlation is determined by machine learning. 8. The managing apparatus for factory equipment according to claim 1,
wherein the data collecting unit further collects temperature information generated in the first machine tool, the temperature information being detected by a temperature sensor, the analyzing unit performs an analysis for determining correlation between the temperature information generated in the first machine tool and a change in operational information on the other machine, and the operation plan making unit makes an operation plan, based on the correlation between the temperature information and the change in the operational information determined by the analyzing unit, for imposing a restriction on an operation of the other machine to reduce the change in the environmental temperature of the first machine tool during high-precision machining performed by the first machine tool. 9. A managing system having a plurality of managing apparatuses for factory equipment according to claim 1, the apparatuses being connected with each other via a network, wherein an analytical result provided by the analyzing unit can be shared with each other among the managing apparatuses. | 3,600 |
340,938 | 16,801,210 | 3,657 | According to an embodiment, a learning device includes one or more hardware processors configured to function as a structure search unit. The structure search unit searches for a first learned model structure. The first learned model structure is obtained by selecting search space information in accordance with a target constraint condition of target hardware for each of a plurality of convolution processing blocks included in a base model structure in a neural network model. | 1. A learning device comprising:
one or more hardware processors configured to function as:
a structure search unit that searches for a first learned model structure, the first learned model structure being obtained by selecting search space information in accordance with a target constraint condition of target hardware for each of a plurality of convolution processing blocks included in a base model structure in a neural network model. 2. The learning device according to claim 1, wherein the one or more hardware processors are configured to further function as:
a parameter search unit that searches for a learning parameter of the neural network model in accordance with the target constraint condition. 3. The learning device according to claim 2, wherein the one or more hardware processors are configured to further function as:
a pruning unit that deletes a unit of at least one of the plurality of convolution processing blocks in the first learned model structure based on the target constraint condition and generates a second learned model structure. 4. The learning device according to claim 3, wherein
the parameter search unit searches for the learning parameter in accordance with the target constraint condition after the structure search unit searches for the first learned model structure, and the pruning unit generates the second learned model structure after the parameter search unit searches for the learning parameter. 5. The learning device according to claim 3, wherein
the pruning unit deletes a loosely coupled unit included in the first learned model structure using determination information that is set from the learning parameter to generate the second learned model structure. 6. The learning device according to claim 3, wherein the one or more hardware processors are configured to further function as:
a morphing unit that expands or contracts the second learned model structure in accordance with the target constraint condition. 7. The learning device according to claim 6, wherein
the morphing unit expands or contracts the second learned model structure in a state where a ratio of the number of units between the plurality of convolution processing blocks included in the second learned model structure is maintained. 8. The learning device according to claim 1, wherein
the structure search unit selects, for each of the convolution processing blocks, the search space information in accordance with the target constraint condition of the target hardware from among a plurality of pieces of the search space information of different calculation methods. 9. The learning device according to claim 2, wherein
the parameter search unit searches a search space of the learning parameter including a combination of Adam as an optimization technique, L2 regularization as a regularization technique, and ReLU as an activation function in accordance with the target constraint condition to search for the learning parameter. 10. The learning device according to claim 2, wherein
the parameter search unit includes an Ll regularization technique, which is applied to normalization processing included in the convolution processing block, and searches a search space of the learning parameter including an Ll regularization strength in accordance with the target constraint condition to search for the learning parameter. 11. The learning device according to claim 1, wherein
the target constraint condition is an index determined by a specification of the target hardware, and includes at least one of a size of the neural network model, a calculation amount of the neural network model, a latency when inferring the neural network model, power consumption when inferring the neural network model, a memory size of the neural network model, and a memory bandwidth of the neural network model. 12. A learning system comprising:
target hardware; and a learning device, wherein the learning device comprises a structure search unit that searches for a first learned model structure, the first learned model structure being obtained by selecting search space information in accordance with a target constraint condition of the target hardware for each of a plurality of convolution processing blocks included in a base model structure in a neural network model. 13. A learning method comprising:
searching for a first learned model structure, the first learned model structure being obtained by selecting search space information in accordance with a target constraint condition of target hardware for each of a plurality of convolution processing blocks included in a base model structure in a neural network model. | According to an embodiment, a learning device includes one or more hardware processors configured to function as a structure search unit. The structure search unit searches for a first learned model structure. The first learned model structure is obtained by selecting search space information in accordance with a target constraint condition of target hardware for each of a plurality of convolution processing blocks included in a base model structure in a neural network model.1. A learning device comprising:
one or more hardware processors configured to function as:
a structure search unit that searches for a first learned model structure, the first learned model structure being obtained by selecting search space information in accordance with a target constraint condition of target hardware for each of a plurality of convolution processing blocks included in a base model structure in a neural network model. 2. The learning device according to claim 1, wherein the one or more hardware processors are configured to further function as:
a parameter search unit that searches for a learning parameter of the neural network model in accordance with the target constraint condition. 3. The learning device according to claim 2, wherein the one or more hardware processors are configured to further function as:
a pruning unit that deletes a unit of at least one of the plurality of convolution processing blocks in the first learned model structure based on the target constraint condition and generates a second learned model structure. 4. The learning device according to claim 3, wherein
the parameter search unit searches for the learning parameter in accordance with the target constraint condition after the structure search unit searches for the first learned model structure, and the pruning unit generates the second learned model structure after the parameter search unit searches for the learning parameter. 5. The learning device according to claim 3, wherein
the pruning unit deletes a loosely coupled unit included in the first learned model structure using determination information that is set from the learning parameter to generate the second learned model structure. 6. The learning device according to claim 3, wherein the one or more hardware processors are configured to further function as:
a morphing unit that expands or contracts the second learned model structure in accordance with the target constraint condition. 7. The learning device according to claim 6, wherein
the morphing unit expands or contracts the second learned model structure in a state where a ratio of the number of units between the plurality of convolution processing blocks included in the second learned model structure is maintained. 8. The learning device according to claim 1, wherein
the structure search unit selects, for each of the convolution processing blocks, the search space information in accordance with the target constraint condition of the target hardware from among a plurality of pieces of the search space information of different calculation methods. 9. The learning device according to claim 2, wherein
the parameter search unit searches a search space of the learning parameter including a combination of Adam as an optimization technique, L2 regularization as a regularization technique, and ReLU as an activation function in accordance with the target constraint condition to search for the learning parameter. 10. The learning device according to claim 2, wherein
the parameter search unit includes an Ll regularization technique, which is applied to normalization processing included in the convolution processing block, and searches a search space of the learning parameter including an Ll regularization strength in accordance with the target constraint condition to search for the learning parameter. 11. The learning device according to claim 1, wherein
the target constraint condition is an index determined by a specification of the target hardware, and includes at least one of a size of the neural network model, a calculation amount of the neural network model, a latency when inferring the neural network model, power consumption when inferring the neural network model, a memory size of the neural network model, and a memory bandwidth of the neural network model. 12. A learning system comprising:
target hardware; and a learning device, wherein the learning device comprises a structure search unit that searches for a first learned model structure, the first learned model structure being obtained by selecting search space information in accordance with a target constraint condition of the target hardware for each of a plurality of convolution processing blocks included in a base model structure in a neural network model. 13. A learning method comprising:
searching for a first learned model structure, the first learned model structure being obtained by selecting search space information in accordance with a target constraint condition of target hardware for each of a plurality of convolution processing blocks included in a base model structure in a neural network model. | 3,600 |
340,939 | 16,801,217 | 2,837 | Systems and methods for providing a piano system are provided. In some embodiments, the methods include receiving a plurality of key signals related to a first performance of a piece of music, wherein each of the plurality of key signals corresponds to motion of at least one key of a piano during the first performance; generating first performance information based on the plurality of key signals; receiving musical data related to a second performance of the piece of music; receiving musical data related to a second performance of the piece of music, generating second performance information based on the musical data; and providing content for presentation on a display device based on the first performance information and the second performance information. The methods can also include receiving at least one pedal signal corresponding to motion of a pedal of the piano during the first performance, and generating first performance information based on the pedal signal. | 1-28. (canceled) 29. A piano system, comprising:
a processing device configured to:
acquire a plurality of key signals related to a first performance of a piece of music, wherein each of the plurality of key signals corresponds to motion of at least one key of a piano during the first performance;
generate first performance information based on the plurality of key signals;
convert the first performance information into musical data regarding the first performance of the piece of music;
convert the musical data regarding the first performance of the piece of music into second performance information; and
provide the second performance information to a user. 30. The piano system of claim 29, further including:
a plurality of key sensors configured to:
generate the plurality of key signals by detecting motions of piano keys. 31. The piano system of claim 29, further including:
a plurality of pedal sensors configured to:
generate a plurality of pedal signals by detecting motions of piano pedals. 32. The piano system of claim 29, wherein the processing device is further configured to:
receive a plurality of pedal signals corresponding to motions of one or more piano pedals during the first performance; and generate the first performance information based on the plurality of pedal signals. 33. The piano system of claim 29, wherein the first performance information includes at least one of an operation sequence of a plurality of piano keys, positional information about the piano keys, or a musical note. 34. The piano system of claim 29, wherein the second performance information includes at least one of an operation sequence of a plurality of piano keys, positional information about the piano keys, or a musical note. 35. The piano system of claim 29, wherein the musical data is in forms of a video, an audio file, or a picture. 36. The piano system of claim 29, wherein the plurality of key signals are related to positional information about a plurality of piano keys, the positional information being determined by comparing a plurality of values of each piano key with a plurality of reference values of the piano key, and the plurality of reference values corresponding to a plurality of positions of the piano key. 37. The piano system of claim 29, wherein to provide the second performance information to the user, the processing device is to:
present the second performance information to the user in forms of videos, images, acoustic sounds, or electric sounds. 38. The piano system of claim 29, wherein to provide the second performance information to the user, the processing device is to:
present the second performance information to the user via at least one virtual keyboard, and the virtual keyboard includes a plurality of virtual keys corresponding to a plurality of real piano keys. 39. A method of providing a piano system, comprising:
acquiring a plurality of key signals related to a first performance of a piece of music, wherein each of the plurality of key signals corresponds to motion of at least one key of a piano during the first performance; generating first performance information based on the plurality of key signals; converting the first performance information into musical data regarding the first performance of the piece of music; converting the musical data regarding the first performance of the piece of music into second performance information; and providing the second performance information to a user. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the plurality of key signals are generated by detecting motions of piano keys. 41. The method of claim 39, further including:
receiving a plurality of pedal signals corresponding to motions of one or more piano pedals during the first performance; and generating the first performance information based on the plurality of pedal signals. 42. The method of claim 39, wherein the first performance information includes at least one of an operation sequence of a plurality of piano keys, positional information about the piano keys, or a musical note. 43. The method of claim 39, wherein the second performance information includes at least one of an operation sequence of a plurality of piano keys, positional information about the piano keys, or a musical note. 44. The method of claim 39, wherein the musical data is in forms of a video, an audio file, or a picture. 45. The method of claim 39, wherein the plurality of key signals are related to positional information about a plurality of piano keys, the positional information being determined by comparing a plurality of values of each piano key with a plurality of reference values of the piano key, and the plurality of reference values corresponding to a plurality of positions of the piano key. 46. The method of claim 39, wherein the providing the second performance information to the user including:
presenting the second performance information to the user in forms of videos, images, acoustic sounds, or electric sounds. 47. The method of claim 39, wherein the providing the second performance information to the user including:
presenting the second performance information to the user via at least one virtual keyboard, and the virtual keyboard includes a plurality of virtual keys corresponding to a plurality of real piano keys. | Systems and methods for providing a piano system are provided. In some embodiments, the methods include receiving a plurality of key signals related to a first performance of a piece of music, wherein each of the plurality of key signals corresponds to motion of at least one key of a piano during the first performance; generating first performance information based on the plurality of key signals; receiving musical data related to a second performance of the piece of music; receiving musical data related to a second performance of the piece of music, generating second performance information based on the musical data; and providing content for presentation on a display device based on the first performance information and the second performance information. The methods can also include receiving at least one pedal signal corresponding to motion of a pedal of the piano during the first performance, and generating first performance information based on the pedal signal.1-28. (canceled) 29. A piano system, comprising:
a processing device configured to:
acquire a plurality of key signals related to a first performance of a piece of music, wherein each of the plurality of key signals corresponds to motion of at least one key of a piano during the first performance;
generate first performance information based on the plurality of key signals;
convert the first performance information into musical data regarding the first performance of the piece of music;
convert the musical data regarding the first performance of the piece of music into second performance information; and
provide the second performance information to a user. 30. The piano system of claim 29, further including:
a plurality of key sensors configured to:
generate the plurality of key signals by detecting motions of piano keys. 31. The piano system of claim 29, further including:
a plurality of pedal sensors configured to:
generate a plurality of pedal signals by detecting motions of piano pedals. 32. The piano system of claim 29, wherein the processing device is further configured to:
receive a plurality of pedal signals corresponding to motions of one or more piano pedals during the first performance; and generate the first performance information based on the plurality of pedal signals. 33. The piano system of claim 29, wherein the first performance information includes at least one of an operation sequence of a plurality of piano keys, positional information about the piano keys, or a musical note. 34. The piano system of claim 29, wherein the second performance information includes at least one of an operation sequence of a plurality of piano keys, positional information about the piano keys, or a musical note. 35. The piano system of claim 29, wherein the musical data is in forms of a video, an audio file, or a picture. 36. The piano system of claim 29, wherein the plurality of key signals are related to positional information about a plurality of piano keys, the positional information being determined by comparing a plurality of values of each piano key with a plurality of reference values of the piano key, and the plurality of reference values corresponding to a plurality of positions of the piano key. 37. The piano system of claim 29, wherein to provide the second performance information to the user, the processing device is to:
present the second performance information to the user in forms of videos, images, acoustic sounds, or electric sounds. 38. The piano system of claim 29, wherein to provide the second performance information to the user, the processing device is to:
present the second performance information to the user via at least one virtual keyboard, and the virtual keyboard includes a plurality of virtual keys corresponding to a plurality of real piano keys. 39. A method of providing a piano system, comprising:
acquiring a plurality of key signals related to a first performance of a piece of music, wherein each of the plurality of key signals corresponds to motion of at least one key of a piano during the first performance; generating first performance information based on the plurality of key signals; converting the first performance information into musical data regarding the first performance of the piece of music; converting the musical data regarding the first performance of the piece of music into second performance information; and providing the second performance information to a user. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the plurality of key signals are generated by detecting motions of piano keys. 41. The method of claim 39, further including:
receiving a plurality of pedal signals corresponding to motions of one or more piano pedals during the first performance; and generating the first performance information based on the plurality of pedal signals. 42. The method of claim 39, wherein the first performance information includes at least one of an operation sequence of a plurality of piano keys, positional information about the piano keys, or a musical note. 43. The method of claim 39, wherein the second performance information includes at least one of an operation sequence of a plurality of piano keys, positional information about the piano keys, or a musical note. 44. The method of claim 39, wherein the musical data is in forms of a video, an audio file, or a picture. 45. The method of claim 39, wherein the plurality of key signals are related to positional information about a plurality of piano keys, the positional information being determined by comparing a plurality of values of each piano key with a plurality of reference values of the piano key, and the plurality of reference values corresponding to a plurality of positions of the piano key. 46. The method of claim 39, wherein the providing the second performance information to the user including:
presenting the second performance information to the user in forms of videos, images, acoustic sounds, or electric sounds. 47. The method of claim 39, wherein the providing the second performance information to the user including:
presenting the second performance information to the user via at least one virtual keyboard, and the virtual keyboard includes a plurality of virtual keys corresponding to a plurality of real piano keys. | 2,800 |
340,940 | 16,801,224 | 2,837 | The present disclosure relates to a method for growing III-V compound semiconductors on silicon-on-insulators. Starting from {111}-oriented Si seed surfaces between a buried oxide layer and a patterned mask layer, the III-V compound semiconductor is grown within lateral trenches by metal organic chemical vapor deposition such that the non-defective portion of the III-V compound semiconductor formed on the buried oxide layer is substantially free of crystalline defects and has high crystalline quality. | 1. A method for forming a region of a III-V compound semiconductor on a buried oxide layer comprising:
providing a layered substrate comprising a silicon (Si) device layer, the buried oxide layer, and a patterned mask layer, the Si device layer being sandwiched between the buried oxide layer and the patterned mask layer, the patterned mask layer comprising one or more vertical trenches formed in the patterned mask layer and located on the Si device layer such that one or more exposed Si surfaces are formed on the Si device layer; starting from each exposed Si surface, etching the Si device layer laterally thereby forming one or more lateral trenches between the buried oxide layer and the patterned mask layer; etching each lateral Si surface of each lateral trench by anisotropic wet etching thereby forming one or more {111}-oriented Si seed surfaces between the buried oxide layer and the patterned mask layer; and starting from each {111}-oriented Si seed surface, growing an epitaxial layer of the III-V compound semiconductor laterally within its respective lateral trench by metal organic chemical vapor deposition thereby forming one or more epitaxial layers between the buried oxide layer and the patterned mask layer such that each epitaxial layer has a non-defective portion and a defective portion, the defective portion being sandwiched between the {111}-oriented Si seed surface and the non-defective portion, the non-defective portion forming the region of the III-V compound semiconductor on the buried oxide layer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the defective portion has a width between 1.3 d and 1.5 d, d being a thickness of the Si device layer. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the III-V compound semiconductor is indium phosphide (InP), gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium antimonide (GaSb), Indium arsenide (InAs), a ternary alloy thereof, or a quaternary alloy thereof 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the Si device layer is (001)-oriented, (111)-oriented or (110)-oriented and has a thickness between 1 nm and 1000 nm. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the buried oxide layer comprises SiO2 layer and has a thickness between 1 nm and 2000 nm. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the patterned mask layer comprises SiO2, SiN or Al2O3;
and each vertical trench has a width between 1 nm and 100 μm. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the patterned mask layer is a patterned top oxide layer having a thickness between 1 nm and 1000 nm. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the anisotropic wet etching comprises potassium hydroxide (KOH) or tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH). 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of growing the one or more epitaxial layers comprises:
starting from each {111}-oriented Si seed surface, growing a nucleation layer of the III-V compound semiconductor laterally within its respective lateral trench at a first growth temperature; and starting from each nucleation layer, growing a main layer of the III-V compound semiconductor laterally within its respective lateral trench at a second growth temperature such that each epitaxial layer comprises the nucleation layer and the main layer, the nucleation layer being sandwiched between the {111}-oriented Si seed surface and the main layer. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first growth temperature is between 350° C. and 450° C.;
and the second growth temperature is between 450° C. and 750° C. 11. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
removing the patterned mask layer after the step of growing the one or more epitaxial layers; and
removing the defective portion of each epitaxial layer. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the layered substrate is prepared by the steps of:
providing a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate comprising the Si device layer, the buried oxide layer and a Si handle layer, the buried oxide layer being sandwiched by the Si device layer and the Si handle layer; oxidizing a top surface of the Si device layer thereby forming an mask layer on the Si device layer; and patterning and etching the mask layer thereby forming the patterned mask layer. 13. A method for growing a region of a III-V compound semiconductor on a buried oxide layer comprising:
providing a layered substrate comprising a Si device layer, the buried oxide layer, and a patterned mask layer, the Si device layer being sandwiched between the buried oxide layer and the patterned mask layer, the patterned mask layer comprising one or more vertical trenches formed in the patterned mask layer and located on the Si device layer such that one or more exposed Si surfaces are formed on the Si device layer; starting from each exposed Si surface, etching the Si device layer laterally thereby forming one or more lateral trenches between the buried oxide layer and the patterned mask layer; etching each lateral Si surface of each lateral trench by anisotropic wet etching thereby forming one or more {111}-oriented Si seed surfaces between the buried oxide layer and the patterned mask layer; growing a wetting layer laterally on each lateral Si surface by first metal organic chemical vapor deposition; and starting from each wetting layer, growing an epitaxial layer of the III-V compound semiconductor laterally within its respective lateral trench by second metal organic chemical vapor deposition thereby forming one or more epitaxial layers between the buried oxide layer and the patterned mask layer such that each epitaxial layer has a non-defective portion and a defective portion, the defective portion being sandwiched between the {111}-oriented Si surface and the non-defective portion, the non-defective portion forming the region of the III-V compound semiconductor on the buried oxide layer. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the wetting layer comprises GaAs, gallium phosphide (GaP) or InAs and has a width between 1 and 50 nm. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of growing the one or more epitaxial layers comprises:
starting from each wetting layer, growing a nucleation layer of the III-V compound semiconductor laterally within its respective lateral trench at a first growth temperature; and starting from each nucleation layer, growing a main layer of the III-V compound semiconductor laterally within its respective lateral trench at a second growth temperature such that each epitaxial layer comprises the nucleation layer and the main layer, the nucleation layer being sandwiched between the wetting layer and the main layer. 16. The method of claim 13 further comprising:
removing the patterned mask layer after the step of growing the one or more epitaxial layers; and
removing the one or more wetting layers and the defective portion of each epitaxial layer. 17. A semiconductor device comprising:
a buried oxide layer; and a semiconductor structure comprising a region of a III-V compound semiconductor on the buried oxide layer, the region of the III-V compound semiconductor being formed by the method of claim 1. 18. The semiconductor device of claim 17, wherein the semiconductor structure is a layer, a ridge, a film, a light emitter, a quantum wire, a quantum well, or a quantum dot. 19. A semiconductor device comprising:
a buried oxide layer; and a semiconductor structure comprising a region of a III-V compound semiconductor on the buried oxide layer, the region of the III-V compound semiconductor being formed by the method of claim 13. 20. An optoelectronic device comprising:
a buried oxide layer; one or more silicon waveguides located on the buried oxide layer; and one or more III-V light emitters located on the buried oxide layer; wherein each III-V light emitter comprises a region of a III-V compound semiconductor on the buried oxide layer, the region of the III-V compound semiconductor being formed by the method of claim 1; and wherein each III-V light emitter is in-plane and coupled with its respective silicon waveguide. | The present disclosure relates to a method for growing III-V compound semiconductors on silicon-on-insulators. Starting from {111}-oriented Si seed surfaces between a buried oxide layer and a patterned mask layer, the III-V compound semiconductor is grown within lateral trenches by metal organic chemical vapor deposition such that the non-defective portion of the III-V compound semiconductor formed on the buried oxide layer is substantially free of crystalline defects and has high crystalline quality.1. A method for forming a region of a III-V compound semiconductor on a buried oxide layer comprising:
providing a layered substrate comprising a silicon (Si) device layer, the buried oxide layer, and a patterned mask layer, the Si device layer being sandwiched between the buried oxide layer and the patterned mask layer, the patterned mask layer comprising one or more vertical trenches formed in the patterned mask layer and located on the Si device layer such that one or more exposed Si surfaces are formed on the Si device layer; starting from each exposed Si surface, etching the Si device layer laterally thereby forming one or more lateral trenches between the buried oxide layer and the patterned mask layer; etching each lateral Si surface of each lateral trench by anisotropic wet etching thereby forming one or more {111}-oriented Si seed surfaces between the buried oxide layer and the patterned mask layer; and starting from each {111}-oriented Si seed surface, growing an epitaxial layer of the III-V compound semiconductor laterally within its respective lateral trench by metal organic chemical vapor deposition thereby forming one or more epitaxial layers between the buried oxide layer and the patterned mask layer such that each epitaxial layer has a non-defective portion and a defective portion, the defective portion being sandwiched between the {111}-oriented Si seed surface and the non-defective portion, the non-defective portion forming the region of the III-V compound semiconductor on the buried oxide layer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the defective portion has a width between 1.3 d and 1.5 d, d being a thickness of the Si device layer. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the III-V compound semiconductor is indium phosphide (InP), gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium antimonide (GaSb), Indium arsenide (InAs), a ternary alloy thereof, or a quaternary alloy thereof 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the Si device layer is (001)-oriented, (111)-oriented or (110)-oriented and has a thickness between 1 nm and 1000 nm. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the buried oxide layer comprises SiO2 layer and has a thickness between 1 nm and 2000 nm. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the patterned mask layer comprises SiO2, SiN or Al2O3;
and each vertical trench has a width between 1 nm and 100 μm. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the patterned mask layer is a patterned top oxide layer having a thickness between 1 nm and 1000 nm. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the anisotropic wet etching comprises potassium hydroxide (KOH) or tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH). 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of growing the one or more epitaxial layers comprises:
starting from each {111}-oriented Si seed surface, growing a nucleation layer of the III-V compound semiconductor laterally within its respective lateral trench at a first growth temperature; and starting from each nucleation layer, growing a main layer of the III-V compound semiconductor laterally within its respective lateral trench at a second growth temperature such that each epitaxial layer comprises the nucleation layer and the main layer, the nucleation layer being sandwiched between the {111}-oriented Si seed surface and the main layer. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first growth temperature is between 350° C. and 450° C.;
and the second growth temperature is between 450° C. and 750° C. 11. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
removing the patterned mask layer after the step of growing the one or more epitaxial layers; and
removing the defective portion of each epitaxial layer. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the layered substrate is prepared by the steps of:
providing a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate comprising the Si device layer, the buried oxide layer and a Si handle layer, the buried oxide layer being sandwiched by the Si device layer and the Si handle layer; oxidizing a top surface of the Si device layer thereby forming an mask layer on the Si device layer; and patterning and etching the mask layer thereby forming the patterned mask layer. 13. A method for growing a region of a III-V compound semiconductor on a buried oxide layer comprising:
providing a layered substrate comprising a Si device layer, the buried oxide layer, and a patterned mask layer, the Si device layer being sandwiched between the buried oxide layer and the patterned mask layer, the patterned mask layer comprising one or more vertical trenches formed in the patterned mask layer and located on the Si device layer such that one or more exposed Si surfaces are formed on the Si device layer; starting from each exposed Si surface, etching the Si device layer laterally thereby forming one or more lateral trenches between the buried oxide layer and the patterned mask layer; etching each lateral Si surface of each lateral trench by anisotropic wet etching thereby forming one or more {111}-oriented Si seed surfaces between the buried oxide layer and the patterned mask layer; growing a wetting layer laterally on each lateral Si surface by first metal organic chemical vapor deposition; and starting from each wetting layer, growing an epitaxial layer of the III-V compound semiconductor laterally within its respective lateral trench by second metal organic chemical vapor deposition thereby forming one or more epitaxial layers between the buried oxide layer and the patterned mask layer such that each epitaxial layer has a non-defective portion and a defective portion, the defective portion being sandwiched between the {111}-oriented Si surface and the non-defective portion, the non-defective portion forming the region of the III-V compound semiconductor on the buried oxide layer. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the wetting layer comprises GaAs, gallium phosphide (GaP) or InAs and has a width between 1 and 50 nm. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of growing the one or more epitaxial layers comprises:
starting from each wetting layer, growing a nucleation layer of the III-V compound semiconductor laterally within its respective lateral trench at a first growth temperature; and starting from each nucleation layer, growing a main layer of the III-V compound semiconductor laterally within its respective lateral trench at a second growth temperature such that each epitaxial layer comprises the nucleation layer and the main layer, the nucleation layer being sandwiched between the wetting layer and the main layer. 16. The method of claim 13 further comprising:
removing the patterned mask layer after the step of growing the one or more epitaxial layers; and
removing the one or more wetting layers and the defective portion of each epitaxial layer. 17. A semiconductor device comprising:
a buried oxide layer; and a semiconductor structure comprising a region of a III-V compound semiconductor on the buried oxide layer, the region of the III-V compound semiconductor being formed by the method of claim 1. 18. The semiconductor device of claim 17, wherein the semiconductor structure is a layer, a ridge, a film, a light emitter, a quantum wire, a quantum well, or a quantum dot. 19. A semiconductor device comprising:
a buried oxide layer; and a semiconductor structure comprising a region of a III-V compound semiconductor on the buried oxide layer, the region of the III-V compound semiconductor being formed by the method of claim 13. 20. An optoelectronic device comprising:
a buried oxide layer; one or more silicon waveguides located on the buried oxide layer; and one or more III-V light emitters located on the buried oxide layer; wherein each III-V light emitter comprises a region of a III-V compound semiconductor on the buried oxide layer, the region of the III-V compound semiconductor being formed by the method of claim 1; and wherein each III-V light emitter is in-plane and coupled with its respective silicon waveguide. | 2,800 |
340,941 | 16,801,223 | 2,837 | The invention provides a USB device and a data transfer method thereof. The USB device is coupled to a host and transfers at least one packet to the host. The USB device includes a memory, a USB controller, and a transfer management circuit. The memory stores packets. The USB controller is configured to transfer the packets to the host. The transfer management circuit is coupled between the memory and the USB controller and configured to sequentially read the packets from the memory and sequentially transfer the packets to the USB controller, and to perform the following operations: ending the data transfer when a stored content of the memory does not meet a condition for continuing packet transfer; or ending the data transfer when a last transferred packet meets a preset condition and a next packet that follows the last transferred packet does not meet the preset condition. | 1. A universal serial bus (USB) device, coupled to a host and transferring at least one packet to the host, the USB device comprising:
a memory configured to store packets; a USB controller configured to transfer the packet to the host; and a transfer management circuit coupled between the memory and the USB controller and configured to sequentially read the packets from the memory, to sequentially transfer the packets to the USB controller, and to perform following operations:
ending data transfer when a stored content of the memory does not meet a condition for proceeding to transfer more packet(s); or
ending the data transfer when a last transferred packet meets a preset condition and a next packet of the last transferred packet does not meet the preset condition. 2. The USB device of claim 1, wherein the condition for proceeding to transfer more packet(s) is that a total number of the packets in the memory is greater than a predetermined value. 3. The USB device of claim 1, wherein the condition for proceeding to transfer more packet(s) is that a packet size of the packets in the memory is greater than a predetermined value. 4. The USB device of claim 1, wherein the transfer management circuit further performs following operation:
proceeding to transfer the next packet of the last transferred packet to the USB controller when the last transferred packet and the next packet both meet the preset condition. 5. The USB device of claim 1, wherein the last transferred packet or the next packet of the last transferred packet meets the preset condition when a source port number of the last transferred packet or the next packet falls within a predetermined range. 6. A data transfer method, applied to a universal serial bus (USB) device, the USB device coupled to a host and transferring at least one packet to the host through a USB controller, the method comprising:
sequentially reading packets from a memory and sequentially transferring the packets to the USB controller; and ending data transfer when a stored content of the memory does not meet a condition for proceeding to transfer more packet(s). 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the condition for proceeding to transfer more packet(s) is that a total number of the packets in the memory is greater than a predetermined value. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the condition for proceeding to transfer more packet(s) is that a packet size of the packets in the memory is greater than a predetermined value. 9. A data transfer method, applied to a universal serial bus (USB) device, the USB device coupled to a host and transferring at least one packet to the host through a USB controller, the method comprising:
sequentially reading packets from a memory and sequentially transferring the packets to the USB controller; and ending data transfer when a last transferred packet meets a preset condition and a next packet of the last transferred packet does not meet the preset condition. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
proceeding to transfer the next packet of the last transferred packet to the USB controller when the last transferred packet and the next packet both meet the preset condition. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the last transferred packet or the next packet of the last transferred packet meets the preset condition when a source port number of the last transferred packet or the next packet falls within a predetermined range. | The invention provides a USB device and a data transfer method thereof. The USB device is coupled to a host and transfers at least one packet to the host. The USB device includes a memory, a USB controller, and a transfer management circuit. The memory stores packets. The USB controller is configured to transfer the packets to the host. The transfer management circuit is coupled between the memory and the USB controller and configured to sequentially read the packets from the memory and sequentially transfer the packets to the USB controller, and to perform the following operations: ending the data transfer when a stored content of the memory does not meet a condition for continuing packet transfer; or ending the data transfer when a last transferred packet meets a preset condition and a next packet that follows the last transferred packet does not meet the preset condition.1. A universal serial bus (USB) device, coupled to a host and transferring at least one packet to the host, the USB device comprising:
a memory configured to store packets; a USB controller configured to transfer the packet to the host; and a transfer management circuit coupled between the memory and the USB controller and configured to sequentially read the packets from the memory, to sequentially transfer the packets to the USB controller, and to perform following operations:
ending data transfer when a stored content of the memory does not meet a condition for proceeding to transfer more packet(s); or
ending the data transfer when a last transferred packet meets a preset condition and a next packet of the last transferred packet does not meet the preset condition. 2. The USB device of claim 1, wherein the condition for proceeding to transfer more packet(s) is that a total number of the packets in the memory is greater than a predetermined value. 3. The USB device of claim 1, wherein the condition for proceeding to transfer more packet(s) is that a packet size of the packets in the memory is greater than a predetermined value. 4. The USB device of claim 1, wherein the transfer management circuit further performs following operation:
proceeding to transfer the next packet of the last transferred packet to the USB controller when the last transferred packet and the next packet both meet the preset condition. 5. The USB device of claim 1, wherein the last transferred packet or the next packet of the last transferred packet meets the preset condition when a source port number of the last transferred packet or the next packet falls within a predetermined range. 6. A data transfer method, applied to a universal serial bus (USB) device, the USB device coupled to a host and transferring at least one packet to the host through a USB controller, the method comprising:
sequentially reading packets from a memory and sequentially transferring the packets to the USB controller; and ending data transfer when a stored content of the memory does not meet a condition for proceeding to transfer more packet(s). 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the condition for proceeding to transfer more packet(s) is that a total number of the packets in the memory is greater than a predetermined value. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the condition for proceeding to transfer more packet(s) is that a packet size of the packets in the memory is greater than a predetermined value. 9. A data transfer method, applied to a universal serial bus (USB) device, the USB device coupled to a host and transferring at least one packet to the host through a USB controller, the method comprising:
sequentially reading packets from a memory and sequentially transferring the packets to the USB controller; and ending data transfer when a last transferred packet meets a preset condition and a next packet of the last transferred packet does not meet the preset condition. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
proceeding to transfer the next packet of the last transferred packet to the USB controller when the last transferred packet and the next packet both meet the preset condition. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the last transferred packet or the next packet of the last transferred packet meets the preset condition when a source port number of the last transferred packet or the next packet falls within a predetermined range. | 2,800 |
340,942 | 16,801,200 | 2,837 | The invention relates to recombinant microorganisms and methods for producing steviol glycosides and steviol glycoside precursors. | 1. A recombinant host cell capable of producing a steviol glycoside precursor and/or one or more steviol glycosides in a cell culture, comprising:
(a) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) from farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP); (b) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes ent-copalyl diphosphate from GGPP; and (c) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurene from ent-copalyl diphosphate; (d) a gene encoding a polypeptide that reduces cytochrome P450 complex;
wherein the polypeptide that reduces cytochrome P450 complex comprises a polypeptide having at least 70% identity to an amino acid sequences set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO:69, 74, 76, or 87; at least 80% identity to an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:73; at least 85% identity to an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:22; at least 65% identity to an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:28; or at least 50% identity to an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:98;
and further comprising: (e) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurenoic acid from ent-kaurene;
wherein the polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurenoic acid from ent-kaurene comprises a polypeptide having at least 60% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:72 or 75; at least 65% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:54; at least 70% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SED ID NO: 70, 71, or 79; at least 40% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:77; or at least 50% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:78;
or
(f) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes steviol from ent-kaurenoic acid;
wherein the polypeptide that synthesizes steviol from ent-kaurenoic acid comprises a polypeptide having at least 40% identity to an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:82; at least 50% identity to an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:91; or at least 60% identity to an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:68;
wherein at least one of the genes is a recombinant gene. 2. A recombinant host capable of producing a steviol glycoside precursor in a cell culture, comprising:
(a) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurenoic acid from ent-kaurene;
wherein the polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurenoic acid from ent-kaurene comprises a polypeptide having at least 60% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:72 or 75; at least 65% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:54; at least 70% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SED ID NO: 70, 71, or 79; at least 40% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:77; or at least 50% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:78;
(b) a gene encoding a polypeptide that reduces cytochrome P450 complex;
wherein the polypeptide that reduces cytochrome P450 complex comprises a polypeptide having at least 70% sequence identity to the amino acid sequences set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO:69, 74, 76, or 87; at least 80% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:73; at least 85% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:22; at least 65% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:28; or at least 50% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:98; and/or
(c) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes steviol from ent-kaurenoic acid;
wherein the polypeptide that synthesizes steviol from ent-kaurenoic acid comprises a polypeptide having at least 40% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:82; at least 50% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:91; or at least 60% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:68;
wherein at least one of the genes is a recombinant gene. 3. A recombinant host capable of producing a steviol glycoside precursor in a cell culture, comprising:
(a) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurenoic acid from ent-kaurene;
wherein the polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurenoic acid from ent-kaurene comprises a polypeptide having at least 60% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:75;
(b) a gene encoding a polypeptide that reduces cytochrome P450 complex;
wherein the polypeptide that reduces cytochrome P450 complex comprises a polypeptide having at least 50% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:98; and
(c) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes steviol from ent-kaurenoic acid;
wherein the polypeptide that synthesizes steviol from ent-kaurenoic acid comprises a polypeptide having at least 40% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:82;
wherein at least one of the genes is a recombinant gene. 4. A recombinant host capable of producing a steviol glycoside precursor in a cell culture, comprising:
(a) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurenoic acid from ent-kaurene;
wherein the polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurenoic acid from ent-kaurene comprises a polypeptide having at least 70% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:70;
(b) a gene encoding a polypeptide that reduces cytochrome P450 complex;
wherein the polypeptide that reduces cytochrome P450 complex comprises a polypeptide having at least 50% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:98; and
(c) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes steviol from ent-kaurenoic acid;
wherein the polypeptide that synthesizes steviol from ent-kaurenoic acid comprises a polypeptide having at least 40% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:82;
wherein at least one of the genes is a recombinant gene. 5. The recombinant host of claim 2, further comprising:
(d) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) from farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP); (e) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes ent-copalyl diphosphate from GGPP; and/or (f) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurene from ent-copalyl diphosphate. 6. The recombinant host of claim 1, wherein:
(a) the gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) from farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) comprising a polypeptide having at least 70% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:49; (b) the gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes ent-copalyl diphosphate from GGPP comprising a polypeptide having at least 70% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:37; and/or (c) the gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurene from ent-copalyl pyrophosphate comprising a polypeptide having at least 40% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:6. 7. The recombinant host of claim 1, wherein the host further comprises a gene encoding an endoplasmic reticulum membrane polypeptide having at least 50% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:114; wherein the gene has a copy number of 2 or more. 8. The recombinant host of claim 7, wherein an amount of ent-kaurene, ent-kaurenol, ent-kaurenal, and/or ent-kaurenol glycoside produced by the host is decreased by at least about 10% relative to a corresponding host lacking the gene. 9. The recombinant host of claim 1, wherein the polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurenoic acid from ent-kaurene is a fusion construct. 10. The recombinant host of claim 9, wherein the fusion construct comprises a polypeptide having at least 60% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:118 or 120. 11. The recombinant host of claim 1, further comprising:
(a) a gene encoding a polypeptide that glycosylates steviol or a steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group thereof; (b) a gene encoding a polypeptide that beta 1,3 glycosylates the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of a steviol glycoside; (c) a gene encoding a polypeptide that glycosylates steviol or a steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group thereof; (d) a first gene encoding a first polypeptide that beta 1,2 glycosylates the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of a steviol glycoside; and/or (e) a second gene encoding a second polypeptide that beta 1,2 glycosylates the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of a steviol glycoside; wherein at least one of the genes is a recombinant gene; and wherein the host is producing the one or more steviol glycosides. 12. The recombinant host of claim 11, wherein:
(a) the polypeptide that glycosylates steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group thereof comprises a polypeptide having at least 55% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:30; (b) the polypeptide that beta 1,3 glycosylates the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having at least 50% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:83; (c) the polypeptide that glycosylates steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 55% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:29; (d) the first polypeptide that beta 1,2 glycosylates the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:84 or 88; and/or (e) the second polypeptide that beta 1,2 glycosylates the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having at least 65% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:86. 13. The recombinant host of claim 11, wherein the one or more steviol glycosides comprises steviol-13-O-glucoside (13-SMG), steviol-1,2-bioside, steviol-1,3-bioside, steviol-19-O-glucoside (19-SMG), stevioside, 1,3-stevioside, rubusoside, Rebaudioside A (RebA), Rebaudioside B (RebB), Rebaudioside C (RebC), Rebaudioside D (RebD), Rebaudioside E (RebE), Rebaudioside F (RebF), Rebaudioside M (RebM), Rebaudioside Q (RebQ), Rebaudioside I (Rebl), dulcoside A, di-glycosylated steviol, tri-glycosylated steviol, tetra-glycosylated steviol, penta-glycosylated steviol, hexa-glycosylated steviol, hepta-glycosylated steviol, or isomers thereof. 14. The recombinant host of claim 11, wherein the amount of 13-SMG produced by the host is increased by at least 2-fold relative to a corresponding host lacking the one or more recombinant genes. 15. The recombinant host of claim 11, wherein a total amount of 13-SMG, steviol-1,2-bioside, rubusoside, RebB, RebA, RebD, and RebM produced by the host is increased by at least about 10% relative to a corresponding host lacking the one or more recombinant genes. 16. The recombinant host of claim 1, wherein the recombinant host comprises a fungal cell, or a bacterial cell. 17. The recombinant host of claim 16, wherein the bacterial cell comprises Escherichia bacteria cells, Lactobacillus bacteria cells, Lactococcus bacteria cells, Cornebacterium bacteria cells, Acetobacter bacteria cells, Acinetobacter bacteria cells, or Pseudomonas bacterial cells. 18. The recombinant host of claim 16, wherein the fungal cell comprises a yeast cell. 19. The recombinant host of claim 18, wherein the yeast cell is a cell from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 20. The recombinant host of claim 18, wherein the yeast cell is a cell from Yarrowia lipolytica. 21. A cell culture, comprising the recombinant host of claim 1 and the steviol glycoside precursor or the one or more steviol glycosides produced by the host, the cell culture further comprising:
(a) glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose, rhamnose, UDP-glucose, UDP-rhamnose, UDP-xylose, and/or N-acetyl-glucosamine; and
(b) supplemental nutrients comprising trace metals, vitamins, salts, YNB, and/or amino acids;
wherein the steviol glycoside precursor or the one or more steviol glycosides is present at a concentration of at least 1 mg/liter of the cell culture; and
wherein the cell culture is enriched for the steviol glycoside precursor or the one or more steviol glycosides relative to a steviol glycoside composition from a Stevia plant and has a reduced level of Stevia plant-derived components relative to a plant-derived Stevia extract. 22. A cell lysate from the cell culture comprising the host of claim 1 and the steviol glycoside precursor or the one or more steviol glycosides produced by the host, comprising:
(a) glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose, rhamnose, UDP-glucose, UDP-rhamnose, UDP-xylose, and/or N-acetyl-glucosamine; and/or
(b) supplemental nutrients comprising trace metals, vitamins, salts, yeast nitrogen base, YNB, and/or amino acids;
wherein the steviol glycoside precursor or the one or more steviol glycosides produced by the host is present at a concentration of at least 1 mg/liter of the cell culture. 23. A method of producing a steviol glycoside precursor in a cell culture, comprising culturing the recombinant host of claim 1 under conditions in which the genes are expressed, and wherein the steviol glycoside precursor is produced by the recombinant host. 24. A method of producing one or more steviol glycosides in a cell culture, comprising culturing the recombinant host of claim 11 under conditions in which the genes are expressed, and wherein the one or more steviol glycosides are produced by the recombinant host. | The invention relates to recombinant microorganisms and methods for producing steviol glycosides and steviol glycoside precursors.1. A recombinant host cell capable of producing a steviol glycoside precursor and/or one or more steviol glycosides in a cell culture, comprising:
(a) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) from farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP); (b) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes ent-copalyl diphosphate from GGPP; and (c) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurene from ent-copalyl diphosphate; (d) a gene encoding a polypeptide that reduces cytochrome P450 complex;
wherein the polypeptide that reduces cytochrome P450 complex comprises a polypeptide having at least 70% identity to an amino acid sequences set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO:69, 74, 76, or 87; at least 80% identity to an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:73; at least 85% identity to an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:22; at least 65% identity to an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:28; or at least 50% identity to an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:98;
and further comprising: (e) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurenoic acid from ent-kaurene;
wherein the polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurenoic acid from ent-kaurene comprises a polypeptide having at least 60% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:72 or 75; at least 65% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:54; at least 70% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SED ID NO: 70, 71, or 79; at least 40% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:77; or at least 50% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:78;
or
(f) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes steviol from ent-kaurenoic acid;
wherein the polypeptide that synthesizes steviol from ent-kaurenoic acid comprises a polypeptide having at least 40% identity to an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:82; at least 50% identity to an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:91; or at least 60% identity to an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:68;
wherein at least one of the genes is a recombinant gene. 2. A recombinant host capable of producing a steviol glycoside precursor in a cell culture, comprising:
(a) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurenoic acid from ent-kaurene;
wherein the polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurenoic acid from ent-kaurene comprises a polypeptide having at least 60% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:72 or 75; at least 65% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:54; at least 70% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SED ID NO: 70, 71, or 79; at least 40% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:77; or at least 50% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:78;
(b) a gene encoding a polypeptide that reduces cytochrome P450 complex;
wherein the polypeptide that reduces cytochrome P450 complex comprises a polypeptide having at least 70% sequence identity to the amino acid sequences set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO:69, 74, 76, or 87; at least 80% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:73; at least 85% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:22; at least 65% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:28; or at least 50% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:98; and/or
(c) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes steviol from ent-kaurenoic acid;
wherein the polypeptide that synthesizes steviol from ent-kaurenoic acid comprises a polypeptide having at least 40% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:82; at least 50% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:91; or at least 60% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:68;
wherein at least one of the genes is a recombinant gene. 3. A recombinant host capable of producing a steviol glycoside precursor in a cell culture, comprising:
(a) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurenoic acid from ent-kaurene;
wherein the polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurenoic acid from ent-kaurene comprises a polypeptide having at least 60% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:75;
(b) a gene encoding a polypeptide that reduces cytochrome P450 complex;
wherein the polypeptide that reduces cytochrome P450 complex comprises a polypeptide having at least 50% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:98; and
(c) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes steviol from ent-kaurenoic acid;
wherein the polypeptide that synthesizes steviol from ent-kaurenoic acid comprises a polypeptide having at least 40% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:82;
wherein at least one of the genes is a recombinant gene. 4. A recombinant host capable of producing a steviol glycoside precursor in a cell culture, comprising:
(a) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurenoic acid from ent-kaurene;
wherein the polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurenoic acid from ent-kaurene comprises a polypeptide having at least 70% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:70;
(b) a gene encoding a polypeptide that reduces cytochrome P450 complex;
wherein the polypeptide that reduces cytochrome P450 complex comprises a polypeptide having at least 50% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:98; and
(c) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes steviol from ent-kaurenoic acid;
wherein the polypeptide that synthesizes steviol from ent-kaurenoic acid comprises a polypeptide having at least 40% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:82;
wherein at least one of the genes is a recombinant gene. 5. The recombinant host of claim 2, further comprising:
(d) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) from farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP); (e) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes ent-copalyl diphosphate from GGPP; and/or (f) a gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurene from ent-copalyl diphosphate. 6. The recombinant host of claim 1, wherein:
(a) the gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) from farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) comprising a polypeptide having at least 70% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:49; (b) the gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes ent-copalyl diphosphate from GGPP comprising a polypeptide having at least 70% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:37; and/or (c) the gene encoding a polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurene from ent-copalyl pyrophosphate comprising a polypeptide having at least 40% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:6. 7. The recombinant host of claim 1, wherein the host further comprises a gene encoding an endoplasmic reticulum membrane polypeptide having at least 50% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:114; wherein the gene has a copy number of 2 or more. 8. The recombinant host of claim 7, wherein an amount of ent-kaurene, ent-kaurenol, ent-kaurenal, and/or ent-kaurenol glycoside produced by the host is decreased by at least about 10% relative to a corresponding host lacking the gene. 9. The recombinant host of claim 1, wherein the polypeptide that synthesizes ent-kaurenoic acid from ent-kaurene is a fusion construct. 10. The recombinant host of claim 9, wherein the fusion construct comprises a polypeptide having at least 60% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:118 or 120. 11. The recombinant host of claim 1, further comprising:
(a) a gene encoding a polypeptide that glycosylates steviol or a steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group thereof; (b) a gene encoding a polypeptide that beta 1,3 glycosylates the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of a steviol glycoside; (c) a gene encoding a polypeptide that glycosylates steviol or a steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group thereof; (d) a first gene encoding a first polypeptide that beta 1,2 glycosylates the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of a steviol glycoside; and/or (e) a second gene encoding a second polypeptide that beta 1,2 glycosylates the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of a steviol glycoside; wherein at least one of the genes is a recombinant gene; and wherein the host is producing the one or more steviol glycosides. 12. The recombinant host of claim 11, wherein:
(a) the polypeptide that glycosylates steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group thereof comprises a polypeptide having at least 55% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:30; (b) the polypeptide that beta 1,3 glycosylates the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having at least 50% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:83; (c) the polypeptide that glycosylates steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group comprises a polypeptide having at least 55% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:29; (d) the first polypeptide that beta 1,2 glycosylates the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:84 or 88; and/or (e) the second polypeptide that beta 1,2 glycosylates the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having at least 65% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:86. 13. The recombinant host of claim 11, wherein the one or more steviol glycosides comprises steviol-13-O-glucoside (13-SMG), steviol-1,2-bioside, steviol-1,3-bioside, steviol-19-O-glucoside (19-SMG), stevioside, 1,3-stevioside, rubusoside, Rebaudioside A (RebA), Rebaudioside B (RebB), Rebaudioside C (RebC), Rebaudioside D (RebD), Rebaudioside E (RebE), Rebaudioside F (RebF), Rebaudioside M (RebM), Rebaudioside Q (RebQ), Rebaudioside I (Rebl), dulcoside A, di-glycosylated steviol, tri-glycosylated steviol, tetra-glycosylated steviol, penta-glycosylated steviol, hexa-glycosylated steviol, hepta-glycosylated steviol, or isomers thereof. 14. The recombinant host of claim 11, wherein the amount of 13-SMG produced by the host is increased by at least 2-fold relative to a corresponding host lacking the one or more recombinant genes. 15. The recombinant host of claim 11, wherein a total amount of 13-SMG, steviol-1,2-bioside, rubusoside, RebB, RebA, RebD, and RebM produced by the host is increased by at least about 10% relative to a corresponding host lacking the one or more recombinant genes. 16. The recombinant host of claim 1, wherein the recombinant host comprises a fungal cell, or a bacterial cell. 17. The recombinant host of claim 16, wherein the bacterial cell comprises Escherichia bacteria cells, Lactobacillus bacteria cells, Lactococcus bacteria cells, Cornebacterium bacteria cells, Acetobacter bacteria cells, Acinetobacter bacteria cells, or Pseudomonas bacterial cells. 18. The recombinant host of claim 16, wherein the fungal cell comprises a yeast cell. 19. The recombinant host of claim 18, wherein the yeast cell is a cell from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 20. The recombinant host of claim 18, wherein the yeast cell is a cell from Yarrowia lipolytica. 21. A cell culture, comprising the recombinant host of claim 1 and the steviol glycoside precursor or the one or more steviol glycosides produced by the host, the cell culture further comprising:
(a) glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose, rhamnose, UDP-glucose, UDP-rhamnose, UDP-xylose, and/or N-acetyl-glucosamine; and
(b) supplemental nutrients comprising trace metals, vitamins, salts, YNB, and/or amino acids;
wherein the steviol glycoside precursor or the one or more steviol glycosides is present at a concentration of at least 1 mg/liter of the cell culture; and
wherein the cell culture is enriched for the steviol glycoside precursor or the one or more steviol glycosides relative to a steviol glycoside composition from a Stevia plant and has a reduced level of Stevia plant-derived components relative to a plant-derived Stevia extract. 22. A cell lysate from the cell culture comprising the host of claim 1 and the steviol glycoside precursor or the one or more steviol glycosides produced by the host, comprising:
(a) glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose, rhamnose, UDP-glucose, UDP-rhamnose, UDP-xylose, and/or N-acetyl-glucosamine; and/or
(b) supplemental nutrients comprising trace metals, vitamins, salts, yeast nitrogen base, YNB, and/or amino acids;
wherein the steviol glycoside precursor or the one or more steviol glycosides produced by the host is present at a concentration of at least 1 mg/liter of the cell culture. 23. A method of producing a steviol glycoside precursor in a cell culture, comprising culturing the recombinant host of claim 1 under conditions in which the genes are expressed, and wherein the steviol glycoside precursor is produced by the recombinant host. 24. A method of producing one or more steviol glycosides in a cell culture, comprising culturing the recombinant host of claim 11 under conditions in which the genes are expressed, and wherein the one or more steviol glycosides are produced by the recombinant host. | 2,800 |
340,943 | 16,801,226 | 2,837 | An impact protection reinforcement of a vehicle construction, which is supportively fastenable in the vehicle construction against the action of external mechanical extraordinary load conditions and comprises the following features: an elongated profile element with a longitudinal center line and a transversal center line arranged transversely to the longitudinal center line, which has in the longitudinal direction at each end side a fastening end and a central part therebetween, wherein the central part consists of a circumferentially closed hollow profile with a base layer and a top layer arranged opposite to the base layer, which are connected to each other via lateral faces, and the fastening ends each have a flat shape with at least two fastening points which are spaced apart differently from the transversal center line and the longitudinal center line and are provided as welding connection points to the vehicle construction. | 1. An impact protection reinforcement of a vehicle construction, which is supportively fastenable in the vehicle construction against the action of external mechanical extraordinary load conditions and which comprises the following features:
a. an elongated profile element with a longitudinal center line and a transversal center line arranged transversely to the longitudinal center line, which has in the longitudinal direction at each end side a fastening end and a central part therebetween, b. the central part consists of a circumferentially closed hollow profile with a base layer and a top layer arranged opposite to the base layer, which are connected to each other via lateral faces, and c. the fastening ends each have a flat shape with at least two fastening points which are spaced apart differently from the transversal center line and the longitudinal center line and are provided as connection points, in particular as welding connection points, to the vehicle construction. 2. The impact protection reinforcement according to claim 1, wherein the base layer and the top layer of the hollow profile of the central part have a greater thickness than the connecting lateral faces. 3. The impact protection reinforcement according to claim 1, wherein at least one fastening end consists of a compressed hollow profile, so that the base layer and the top layer are arranged adjacent to each other in a planar manner and the lateral faces are widened laterally outwardly relative to the longitudinal center line of the impact protection reinforcement. 4. The impact protection reinforcement according to claim 1, wherein at least one fastening end is formed wedge-shaped in a side view in the direction of the transversal center line and the base layer or the top layer is cut out so that the fastening points are arranged in the uncut top layer or base layer. 5. The impact protection reinforcement according to claim 1, which provides
a) at at least one fastening end only two fastening points for one connection means each, which are spaced apart from each other in the transversal and longitudinal direction of the impact protection reinforcement or which provides b) at at least one fastening end only three fastening points for one connection means each, of which at least two are spaced apart and positioned differently from the transversal center line and all are spaced apart and positioned differently from the longitudinal center line or which provides c) at at least one fastening end only four fastening points for one connection means each, of which at least two are differently spaced apart from the transversal center line and at least two are differently spaced apart from the longitudinal center line of the impact protection reinforcement. 6. The impact protection reinforcement according to claim 5, wherein the fastening ends have at the fastening points one welding auxiliary joining part each joined therein, which is weldable to a vehicle construction made of steel, or wherein the fastening ends have at the fastening points one bore each via which the impact protection reinforcement is screwable to a vehicle construction. 7. The impact protection reinforcement according to claim 1, which is provided
a) as an extruded or continuously cast aluminum profile consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy or which is provided b) as a roll-formed or deep-drawn metal part, preferably made of steel or a metal alloy, or as a metal cast part. 8. A vehicle construction with at least one impact protection reinforcement according to claim 1, which is connected to the vehicle construction by the fastening ends. 9. The vehicle construction according to claim 8, wherein
i) the impact protection reinforcement is provided a) as an extruded or continuously cast aluminum profile consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy or b) as a roll-formed or deep-drawn metal part, preferably made of steel or a metal alloy, or as a metal cast part, wherein ii) the fastening ends have at the fastening points one welding auxiliary joining part each joined therein, which is weldable to a vehicle construction made of steel, and wherein iii) the welding auxiliary joining parts placed in the fastening ends of the impact protection reinforcement are welded to the vehicle construction by means of a resistance welding method and provide a firm connection between the vehicle construction and the impact protection reinforcement. 10. The vehicle construction according to claim 8, wherein
i) the impact protection reinforcement is provided a) as an extruded or continuously cast aluminum profile consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy or b) as a roll-formed or deep-drawn metal part, preferably made of steel or a metal alloy, or as a metal cast part, wherein ii) the fastening ends have at the fastening points one bore each via which the impact protection reinforcement is screwable to a vehicle construction, and wherein iii) the fastening ends of the impact protection reinforcement are screwed to the vehicle construction via the plurality of bores provided therein and provide a firm connection between the vehicle construction and the impact protection reinforcement. 11. The vehicle construction according to claim 8, wherein
i) the impact protection reinforcement is provided a) as an extruded or continuously cast aluminum profile consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy or b) as a roll-formed or deep-drawn metal part, preferably made of steel or a metal alloy, or as a metal cast part, wherein ii) the impact protection reinforcement provides a) at at least one fastening end only two fastening points for one connection means each, which are spaced apart from each other in the transversal and longitudinal direction of the impact protection reinforcement or b) at at least one fastening end only three fastening points for one connection means each, of which at least two are spaced apart and positioned differently from the transversal center line and all are spaced apart and positioned differently from the longitudinal center line or c) at at least one fastening end only four fastening points for one connection means each, of which at least two are differently spaced apart from the transversal center line and at least two are differently spaced apart from the longitudinal center line of the impact protection reinforcement, and wherein iii) the fastening ends of the impact protection reinforcement are connected to the vehicle construction by the plurality of fastening points provided there each having a punch rivet, a bolt or nail, a flow-forming screw or a clinch connection and provide a firm connection between the vehicle construction and the impact protection reinforcement. 12. A connection method for an impact protection reinforcement according to claim 7 to a vehicle construction, which comprises the following steps:
V1) arranging the impact protection reinforcement in the vehicle construction, and
V2) connecting the fastening ends of the impact protection reinforcement at the fastening points to the vehicle construction. 13. The connection method according to claim 12, wherein the impact protection reinforcement is provided as an extruded or continuously cast aluminum profile consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, with the further step:
setting a plurality of welding auxiliary joining parts each into the fastening ends of the impact protection reinforcement, and resistance welding of the welding auxiliary joining parts to the vehicle body. 14. The connection method according to claim 12, wherein the fastening ends of the impact protection reinforcement each have a bore at the fastening points, with the further step: screwing together of the impact protection reinforcement and the vehicle construction. 15. The connection method according to claim 12, with the further step:
a) setting a plurality of punch rivets each into the fastening ends at the fastening points of the impact protection reinforcement and into the vehicle construction or b) setting a plurality of flow-forming screws into the fastening ends at the fastening points of the impact protection reinforcement and into the vehicle construction or c) connecting the impact protection reinforcement and the vehicle construction with a respective clinch connection at the fastening points of the fastening ends. | An impact protection reinforcement of a vehicle construction, which is supportively fastenable in the vehicle construction against the action of external mechanical extraordinary load conditions and comprises the following features: an elongated profile element with a longitudinal center line and a transversal center line arranged transversely to the longitudinal center line, which has in the longitudinal direction at each end side a fastening end and a central part therebetween, wherein the central part consists of a circumferentially closed hollow profile with a base layer and a top layer arranged opposite to the base layer, which are connected to each other via lateral faces, and the fastening ends each have a flat shape with at least two fastening points which are spaced apart differently from the transversal center line and the longitudinal center line and are provided as welding connection points to the vehicle construction.1. An impact protection reinforcement of a vehicle construction, which is supportively fastenable in the vehicle construction against the action of external mechanical extraordinary load conditions and which comprises the following features:
a. an elongated profile element with a longitudinal center line and a transversal center line arranged transversely to the longitudinal center line, which has in the longitudinal direction at each end side a fastening end and a central part therebetween, b. the central part consists of a circumferentially closed hollow profile with a base layer and a top layer arranged opposite to the base layer, which are connected to each other via lateral faces, and c. the fastening ends each have a flat shape with at least two fastening points which are spaced apart differently from the transversal center line and the longitudinal center line and are provided as connection points, in particular as welding connection points, to the vehicle construction. 2. The impact protection reinforcement according to claim 1, wherein the base layer and the top layer of the hollow profile of the central part have a greater thickness than the connecting lateral faces. 3. The impact protection reinforcement according to claim 1, wherein at least one fastening end consists of a compressed hollow profile, so that the base layer and the top layer are arranged adjacent to each other in a planar manner and the lateral faces are widened laterally outwardly relative to the longitudinal center line of the impact protection reinforcement. 4. The impact protection reinforcement according to claim 1, wherein at least one fastening end is formed wedge-shaped in a side view in the direction of the transversal center line and the base layer or the top layer is cut out so that the fastening points are arranged in the uncut top layer or base layer. 5. The impact protection reinforcement according to claim 1, which provides
a) at at least one fastening end only two fastening points for one connection means each, which are spaced apart from each other in the transversal and longitudinal direction of the impact protection reinforcement or which provides b) at at least one fastening end only three fastening points for one connection means each, of which at least two are spaced apart and positioned differently from the transversal center line and all are spaced apart and positioned differently from the longitudinal center line or which provides c) at at least one fastening end only four fastening points for one connection means each, of which at least two are differently spaced apart from the transversal center line and at least two are differently spaced apart from the longitudinal center line of the impact protection reinforcement. 6. The impact protection reinforcement according to claim 5, wherein the fastening ends have at the fastening points one welding auxiliary joining part each joined therein, which is weldable to a vehicle construction made of steel, or wherein the fastening ends have at the fastening points one bore each via which the impact protection reinforcement is screwable to a vehicle construction. 7. The impact protection reinforcement according to claim 1, which is provided
a) as an extruded or continuously cast aluminum profile consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy or which is provided b) as a roll-formed or deep-drawn metal part, preferably made of steel or a metal alloy, or as a metal cast part. 8. A vehicle construction with at least one impact protection reinforcement according to claim 1, which is connected to the vehicle construction by the fastening ends. 9. The vehicle construction according to claim 8, wherein
i) the impact protection reinforcement is provided a) as an extruded or continuously cast aluminum profile consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy or b) as a roll-formed or deep-drawn metal part, preferably made of steel or a metal alloy, or as a metal cast part, wherein ii) the fastening ends have at the fastening points one welding auxiliary joining part each joined therein, which is weldable to a vehicle construction made of steel, and wherein iii) the welding auxiliary joining parts placed in the fastening ends of the impact protection reinforcement are welded to the vehicle construction by means of a resistance welding method and provide a firm connection between the vehicle construction and the impact protection reinforcement. 10. The vehicle construction according to claim 8, wherein
i) the impact protection reinforcement is provided a) as an extruded or continuously cast aluminum profile consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy or b) as a roll-formed or deep-drawn metal part, preferably made of steel or a metal alloy, or as a metal cast part, wherein ii) the fastening ends have at the fastening points one bore each via which the impact protection reinforcement is screwable to a vehicle construction, and wherein iii) the fastening ends of the impact protection reinforcement are screwed to the vehicle construction via the plurality of bores provided therein and provide a firm connection between the vehicle construction and the impact protection reinforcement. 11. The vehicle construction according to claim 8, wherein
i) the impact protection reinforcement is provided a) as an extruded or continuously cast aluminum profile consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy or b) as a roll-formed or deep-drawn metal part, preferably made of steel or a metal alloy, or as a metal cast part, wherein ii) the impact protection reinforcement provides a) at at least one fastening end only two fastening points for one connection means each, which are spaced apart from each other in the transversal and longitudinal direction of the impact protection reinforcement or b) at at least one fastening end only three fastening points for one connection means each, of which at least two are spaced apart and positioned differently from the transversal center line and all are spaced apart and positioned differently from the longitudinal center line or c) at at least one fastening end only four fastening points for one connection means each, of which at least two are differently spaced apart from the transversal center line and at least two are differently spaced apart from the longitudinal center line of the impact protection reinforcement, and wherein iii) the fastening ends of the impact protection reinforcement are connected to the vehicle construction by the plurality of fastening points provided there each having a punch rivet, a bolt or nail, a flow-forming screw or a clinch connection and provide a firm connection between the vehicle construction and the impact protection reinforcement. 12. A connection method for an impact protection reinforcement according to claim 7 to a vehicle construction, which comprises the following steps:
V1) arranging the impact protection reinforcement in the vehicle construction, and
V2) connecting the fastening ends of the impact protection reinforcement at the fastening points to the vehicle construction. 13. The connection method according to claim 12, wherein the impact protection reinforcement is provided as an extruded or continuously cast aluminum profile consisting of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, with the further step:
setting a plurality of welding auxiliary joining parts each into the fastening ends of the impact protection reinforcement, and resistance welding of the welding auxiliary joining parts to the vehicle body. 14. The connection method according to claim 12, wherein the fastening ends of the impact protection reinforcement each have a bore at the fastening points, with the further step: screwing together of the impact protection reinforcement and the vehicle construction. 15. The connection method according to claim 12, with the further step:
a) setting a plurality of punch rivets each into the fastening ends at the fastening points of the impact protection reinforcement and into the vehicle construction or b) setting a plurality of flow-forming screws into the fastening ends at the fastening points of the impact protection reinforcement and into the vehicle construction or c) connecting the impact protection reinforcement and the vehicle construction with a respective clinch connection at the fastening points of the fastening ends. | 2,800 |
340,944 | 16,801,221 | 2,837 | A power management integrated circuit (PMIC) includes a voltage regulator, a monitoring circuit, and a count register. The voltage regulator is configured to generate an output voltage. The monitoring circuit is configured to receive a feedback voltage of the output voltage, and to determine at each of periodic intervals whether the feedback voltage is outside a threshold voltage range. The count register is configured to store a count value indicative of a number of times the feedback voltage is determined by the monitoring circuit to be outside the threshold voltage range. | 1. A power management integrated circuit (PMIC), comprising:
a voltage regulator configured to generate an output voltage; a monitoring circuit configured to receive a feedback voltage of the output voltage, and to determine at each of periodic intervals whether the feedback voltage is outside a threshold voltage range; and a count register configured to store a count value indicative of a number of times the feedback voltage is determined by the monitoring circuit to be outside the threshold voltage range. 2. The PMIC of claim 1, further comprising an interface (I/F) circuit configured to output monitoring data indicative of the count value stored in the count register to an external device. 3. The PMIC of claim 2, further comprising a setting register, wherein the I/F circuit is further configured to receive operational parameters controlling an operation of the monitoring circuit and to store the operational parameters in the setting register. 4. The PMIC of claim 3, wherein the operational parameters include at least one of the threshold voltage range, a duration of each of the periodic intervals, a monitoring time during which the monitoring circuit is operative, a deviation from a target feedback voltage which defines the threshold voltage range, a monitoring start trigger to start monitoring by the monitoring circuit, and a monitoring stop trigger to stop monitoring by the monitoring circuit. 5. The PMIC of claim 3, further comprising a data pin terminal coupled to the I/F circuit, wherein the operational parameters are received at the data pin terminal. 6. The PMIC of claim 1, wherein the monitoring circuit comprises:
a first comparator configured to compare the feedback voltage with an upper threshold voltage of the threshold voltage range at each of the periodic intervals; a first counter configured to increment a first count value at each of the periodic intervals in which the first comparator indicates that the feedback voltage is more than the upper threshold voltage; a second comparator configured to compare the feedback voltage with a lower threshold voltage of the threshold voltage range at each of the periodic intervals; and a second counter configured to increment a second count value at each of the periodic intervals in which the second comparator indicates that the feedback voltage is less than the lower threshold voltage. 7. The PMIC of claim 6, wherein the count register is configured to store the first count value of the first counter, and the second count value of the second counter. 8. The PMIC of claim 7, wherein the count register is further configured to store a third count value corresponding to a sum of the first and second count values. 9. The PMIC of claim 7, further comprising an interface (I/F) circuit configured to output monitoring data corresponding to at least one of the first and second count values to an external device. 10. The PMIC of claim 1, the voltage regulator comprising:
a voltage generator configured to output a reference voltage; a comparator configured to compare the reference voltage with the feedback voltage; and a voltage driver configured to generate the output voltage based on an output of the comparator. 11. The PMIC of claim 10, further comprising a feedback voltage pin terminal connected to the comparator and the monitoring circuit. 12. The PMIC of claim 1, wherein the voltage regulator is a first voltage regulator, the output voltage is a first output voltage, the monitoring circuit is a first monitoring circuit, the count register is a first count register, the count value is a first count value, the threshold voltage range is a first threshold voltage range, and the feedback voltage is a first feedback voltage, and wherein the PMIC further comprises:
a second voltage regulator configured to generate a second output voltage; a second monitoring circuit configured to receive a second feedback voltage of the second output voltage, and to determine at each of periodic intervals whether the second feedback voltage is outside a second threshold voltage range; and a second count register configured to store a second count value indicative of a number of times the second feedback voltage is determined by the second monitoring circuit to be outside the second voltage range. 13. The PMIC of claim 1, wherein the voltage regulator is a first voltage regulator, the output voltage is a first output voltage, and the feedback voltage is a first feedback voltage, and wherein the PMIC further comprising:
a second voltage regulator configured to generate a second output voltage; and a multiplexer circuit configured to selectively apply one of the first feedback voltage and a second feedback voltage of the second output voltage to the monitoring circuit, wherein the monitoring circuit is configured to store a second count value in the count register indicative of a number of times the second feedback voltage is determined to be outside a second voltage range. 14. The PMIC of claim 1, wherein the feedback voltage is obtained by voltage dividing the output voltage. 15-21. (canceled) 22. A dynamic random access memory (DRAM) module, comprising:
a module board; a DRAM device mounted to the module board, the DRAM device including a plurality of operating voltage terminals; and a power management integrated circuit (PMIC) mounted to the module board, the PMIC configured to generate a plurality of operating voltages applied to the respective plurality of operating voltage terminals of the DRAM, and to receive a plurality of feedback voltages of the respective plurality of operating voltages. wherein the PMIC includes a monitoring circuit configured to determine a number of times each of the plurality of feedback voltages is outside a respective threshold voltage range, and to store the number of times in a count register. 23. The DRAM module of claim 22, further comprising:
at least one first pin terminal; and a serial presence detect (SPD) circuit mounted to the module board and configured exchange PMIC control and data signals between the at least one first pin terminal and the PMIC. 24. The DRAM module of claim 23, further comprising:
at least one second pin terminal; and a data buffer circuit mounted on the module board and configured to exchange memory data signals between the at least one second terminal and the DRAM device. 25. The DRAM module of claim 24, further comprising:
at least one third pin terminal; and a register clock driver circuit mounted on the module board and configured to exchange command and address signals between the at least one third pin terminal and the DRAM device. 26. The DRAM module of claim 25, further comprising at least one fourth pin terminal for supplying an input voltage to the PMIC. 27-40. (canceled) | A power management integrated circuit (PMIC) includes a voltage regulator, a monitoring circuit, and a count register. The voltage regulator is configured to generate an output voltage. The monitoring circuit is configured to receive a feedback voltage of the output voltage, and to determine at each of periodic intervals whether the feedback voltage is outside a threshold voltage range. The count register is configured to store a count value indicative of a number of times the feedback voltage is determined by the monitoring circuit to be outside the threshold voltage range.1. A power management integrated circuit (PMIC), comprising:
a voltage regulator configured to generate an output voltage; a monitoring circuit configured to receive a feedback voltage of the output voltage, and to determine at each of periodic intervals whether the feedback voltage is outside a threshold voltage range; and a count register configured to store a count value indicative of a number of times the feedback voltage is determined by the monitoring circuit to be outside the threshold voltage range. 2. The PMIC of claim 1, further comprising an interface (I/F) circuit configured to output monitoring data indicative of the count value stored in the count register to an external device. 3. The PMIC of claim 2, further comprising a setting register, wherein the I/F circuit is further configured to receive operational parameters controlling an operation of the monitoring circuit and to store the operational parameters in the setting register. 4. The PMIC of claim 3, wherein the operational parameters include at least one of the threshold voltage range, a duration of each of the periodic intervals, a monitoring time during which the monitoring circuit is operative, a deviation from a target feedback voltage which defines the threshold voltage range, a monitoring start trigger to start monitoring by the monitoring circuit, and a monitoring stop trigger to stop monitoring by the monitoring circuit. 5. The PMIC of claim 3, further comprising a data pin terminal coupled to the I/F circuit, wherein the operational parameters are received at the data pin terminal. 6. The PMIC of claim 1, wherein the monitoring circuit comprises:
a first comparator configured to compare the feedback voltage with an upper threshold voltage of the threshold voltage range at each of the periodic intervals; a first counter configured to increment a first count value at each of the periodic intervals in which the first comparator indicates that the feedback voltage is more than the upper threshold voltage; a second comparator configured to compare the feedback voltage with a lower threshold voltage of the threshold voltage range at each of the periodic intervals; and a second counter configured to increment a second count value at each of the periodic intervals in which the second comparator indicates that the feedback voltage is less than the lower threshold voltage. 7. The PMIC of claim 6, wherein the count register is configured to store the first count value of the first counter, and the second count value of the second counter. 8. The PMIC of claim 7, wherein the count register is further configured to store a third count value corresponding to a sum of the first and second count values. 9. The PMIC of claim 7, further comprising an interface (I/F) circuit configured to output monitoring data corresponding to at least one of the first and second count values to an external device. 10. The PMIC of claim 1, the voltage regulator comprising:
a voltage generator configured to output a reference voltage; a comparator configured to compare the reference voltage with the feedback voltage; and a voltage driver configured to generate the output voltage based on an output of the comparator. 11. The PMIC of claim 10, further comprising a feedback voltage pin terminal connected to the comparator and the monitoring circuit. 12. The PMIC of claim 1, wherein the voltage regulator is a first voltage regulator, the output voltage is a first output voltage, the monitoring circuit is a first monitoring circuit, the count register is a first count register, the count value is a first count value, the threshold voltage range is a first threshold voltage range, and the feedback voltage is a first feedback voltage, and wherein the PMIC further comprises:
a second voltage regulator configured to generate a second output voltage; a second monitoring circuit configured to receive a second feedback voltage of the second output voltage, and to determine at each of periodic intervals whether the second feedback voltage is outside a second threshold voltage range; and a second count register configured to store a second count value indicative of a number of times the second feedback voltage is determined by the second monitoring circuit to be outside the second voltage range. 13. The PMIC of claim 1, wherein the voltage regulator is a first voltage regulator, the output voltage is a first output voltage, and the feedback voltage is a first feedback voltage, and wherein the PMIC further comprising:
a second voltage regulator configured to generate a second output voltage; and a multiplexer circuit configured to selectively apply one of the first feedback voltage and a second feedback voltage of the second output voltage to the monitoring circuit, wherein the monitoring circuit is configured to store a second count value in the count register indicative of a number of times the second feedback voltage is determined to be outside a second voltage range. 14. The PMIC of claim 1, wherein the feedback voltage is obtained by voltage dividing the output voltage. 15-21. (canceled) 22. A dynamic random access memory (DRAM) module, comprising:
a module board; a DRAM device mounted to the module board, the DRAM device including a plurality of operating voltage terminals; and a power management integrated circuit (PMIC) mounted to the module board, the PMIC configured to generate a plurality of operating voltages applied to the respective plurality of operating voltage terminals of the DRAM, and to receive a plurality of feedback voltages of the respective plurality of operating voltages. wherein the PMIC includes a monitoring circuit configured to determine a number of times each of the plurality of feedback voltages is outside a respective threshold voltage range, and to store the number of times in a count register. 23. The DRAM module of claim 22, further comprising:
at least one first pin terminal; and a serial presence detect (SPD) circuit mounted to the module board and configured exchange PMIC control and data signals between the at least one first pin terminal and the PMIC. 24. The DRAM module of claim 23, further comprising:
at least one second pin terminal; and a data buffer circuit mounted on the module board and configured to exchange memory data signals between the at least one second terminal and the DRAM device. 25. The DRAM module of claim 24, further comprising:
at least one third pin terminal; and a register clock driver circuit mounted on the module board and configured to exchange command and address signals between the at least one third pin terminal and the DRAM device. 26. The DRAM module of claim 25, further comprising at least one fourth pin terminal for supplying an input voltage to the PMIC. 27-40. (canceled) | 2,800 |
340,945 | 16,801,215 | 2,837 | A semiconductor device comprises a central processing device, a first logical circuit, and a serial memory interface circuit. The first logical circuit has a first scan chain in which a first scan pattern is set, is configured to suppress a leakage current when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first scan chain. The serial memory interface circuit is configured to acquire the first scan pattern for power saving from an external storage device. The leakage current of the first logical circuit is suppressed by transferring the first scan pattern for power saving acquired by the serial memory interface circuit to the first logical circuit and setting the first scan pattern for power saving in the first scan chain under control of the central processing device. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a central processing device; a first logical circuit having a first scan chain in which a first scan pattern is set, configured to suppress a leakage current when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first scan chain; and a memory interface circuit configured to acquire the first scan pattern for power saving from an external storage device, wherein the leakage current of the first logical circuit is suppressed by transferring the first scan pattern for power saving acquired by the memory interface circuit to the first logical circuit and setting the first scan pattern for power saving in the first scan chain under control of the central processing device. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the leakage current of the first logical circuit is suppressed in which the first logical circuit is in operation and in a power-saving mode being unused. 3. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a test control circuit configured to set the first scan pattern for scan test in the first scan chain and to conduct a scan test on the first logical circuit; and a switch circuit configured to switch between a first path for inputting the first scan pattern for scan test to the first logical circuit and a second path for inputting the first scan pattern for power saving to the first logical circuit. 4. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
an input mask circuit configured to maintain an input value to the first logical circuit to be a predetermined value when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first logical circuit; and an output mask circuit configured to maintain an output value from the first logical circuit to be a predetermined value when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first logical circuit. 5. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second logical circuit having a second scan chain, configured to suppress a leakage current when a second scan pattern for power saving is set in the second scan chain; a first mask circuit configured to maintain an input value to the first logical circuit and an output value from the second logical circuit to be a predetermined value respectively when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first logical circuit; and a second mask circuit configured to maintain an input value to the second logical circuit and an output value from the first logical circuit to be a predetermined value respectively when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first logical circuit. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the first scan chain is configured by a plurality of scan flip-flops, the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the scan flip-flops in a power-saving mode, and the first scan pattern for scan test is set in the scan flip-flops at a time of conducting a scan test. 7. The device of claim 6, further comprising:
a clock generation circuit configured to supply a clock signal to the first logical circuit; and a system configuration circuit configured to stop supply of the clock signal from the clock generation circuit when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the scan flip-flops. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the system configuration circuit is configured to perform a resetting process of initializing the first logical circuit. 9. A semiconductor device comprising:
a plurality of logical circuits each having a scan chain in which a scan pattern is set, configured to suppress a leakage current when a scan pattern for power saving is set in the scan chain; and a memory interface circuit configured to acquire the scan pattern for power saving for each of the logical circuits from an external storage device, wherein the scan chain for each of the logical circuits is connectable to the memory interface circuit individually, and it is possible to set the scan pattern for power saving acquired by the memory interface circuit in a corresponding scan chain. 10. A control method of a semiconductor device including a central processing device, a first logical circuit having a first scan chain in which a first scan pattern is set configured to suppress a leakage current when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first scan chain, and a memory interface circuit configured to acquire the first scan pattern for power saving from an external storage device, the method comprising
suppressing the leakage current of the first logical circuit by transferring the first scan pattern for power saving acquired by the memory interface circuit to the first logical circuit and setting the first scan pattern for power saving in the first scan chain under control of the central processing device. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the leakage current of the first logical circuit is suppressed in which the first logical circuit is in operation and in a power-saving mode being unused. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
test-controlling of setting the first scan pattern for scan test in the first scan chain and conducting a scan test on the first logical circuit; and switching between a first path for inputting the first scan pattern for scan test to the first logical circuit and a second path for inputting the first scan pattern for power saving to the first logical circuit. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
input-masking of maintaining an input value to the first logical circuit to be a predetermined value when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first logical circuit; and output-masking of maintaining an output value from the first logical circuit to be a predetermined value when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first logical circuit. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein
the semiconductor device further includes a second logical circuit having a second scan chain, configured to suppress a leakage current when a second scan pattern for power saving is set in the second scan chain, and the method further comprises: maintaining an input value to the first logical circuit and an output value from the second logical circuit to be a predetermined value respectively when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first logical circuit; and maintaining an input value to the second logical circuit and an output value from the first logical circuit to be a predetermined value respectively when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first logical circuit. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein
the first scan chain is configured by a plurality of scan flip-flops, and the method further comprises: setting the first scan pattern for power saving in the scan flip-flops in a power-saving mode; and setting the first scan pattern for scan test in the scan flip-flops at a time of conducting a scan test. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
clock-generating of supplying a clock signal to the first logical circuit; and stopping supply of the clock signal when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the scan flip-flops. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein when a resetting process of initializing the first logical circuit is performed, supply of the clock signal is stopped. | A semiconductor device comprises a central processing device, a first logical circuit, and a serial memory interface circuit. The first logical circuit has a first scan chain in which a first scan pattern is set, is configured to suppress a leakage current when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first scan chain. The serial memory interface circuit is configured to acquire the first scan pattern for power saving from an external storage device. The leakage current of the first logical circuit is suppressed by transferring the first scan pattern for power saving acquired by the serial memory interface circuit to the first logical circuit and setting the first scan pattern for power saving in the first scan chain under control of the central processing device.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a central processing device; a first logical circuit having a first scan chain in which a first scan pattern is set, configured to suppress a leakage current when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first scan chain; and a memory interface circuit configured to acquire the first scan pattern for power saving from an external storage device, wherein the leakage current of the first logical circuit is suppressed by transferring the first scan pattern for power saving acquired by the memory interface circuit to the first logical circuit and setting the first scan pattern for power saving in the first scan chain under control of the central processing device. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the leakage current of the first logical circuit is suppressed in which the first logical circuit is in operation and in a power-saving mode being unused. 3. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a test control circuit configured to set the first scan pattern for scan test in the first scan chain and to conduct a scan test on the first logical circuit; and a switch circuit configured to switch between a first path for inputting the first scan pattern for scan test to the first logical circuit and a second path for inputting the first scan pattern for power saving to the first logical circuit. 4. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
an input mask circuit configured to maintain an input value to the first logical circuit to be a predetermined value when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first logical circuit; and an output mask circuit configured to maintain an output value from the first logical circuit to be a predetermined value when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first logical circuit. 5. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second logical circuit having a second scan chain, configured to suppress a leakage current when a second scan pattern for power saving is set in the second scan chain; a first mask circuit configured to maintain an input value to the first logical circuit and an output value from the second logical circuit to be a predetermined value respectively when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first logical circuit; and a second mask circuit configured to maintain an input value to the second logical circuit and an output value from the first logical circuit to be a predetermined value respectively when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first logical circuit. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the first scan chain is configured by a plurality of scan flip-flops, the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the scan flip-flops in a power-saving mode, and the first scan pattern for scan test is set in the scan flip-flops at a time of conducting a scan test. 7. The device of claim 6, further comprising:
a clock generation circuit configured to supply a clock signal to the first logical circuit; and a system configuration circuit configured to stop supply of the clock signal from the clock generation circuit when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the scan flip-flops. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the system configuration circuit is configured to perform a resetting process of initializing the first logical circuit. 9. A semiconductor device comprising:
a plurality of logical circuits each having a scan chain in which a scan pattern is set, configured to suppress a leakage current when a scan pattern for power saving is set in the scan chain; and a memory interface circuit configured to acquire the scan pattern for power saving for each of the logical circuits from an external storage device, wherein the scan chain for each of the logical circuits is connectable to the memory interface circuit individually, and it is possible to set the scan pattern for power saving acquired by the memory interface circuit in a corresponding scan chain. 10. A control method of a semiconductor device including a central processing device, a first logical circuit having a first scan chain in which a first scan pattern is set configured to suppress a leakage current when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first scan chain, and a memory interface circuit configured to acquire the first scan pattern for power saving from an external storage device, the method comprising
suppressing the leakage current of the first logical circuit by transferring the first scan pattern for power saving acquired by the memory interface circuit to the first logical circuit and setting the first scan pattern for power saving in the first scan chain under control of the central processing device. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the leakage current of the first logical circuit is suppressed in which the first logical circuit is in operation and in a power-saving mode being unused. 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
test-controlling of setting the first scan pattern for scan test in the first scan chain and conducting a scan test on the first logical circuit; and switching between a first path for inputting the first scan pattern for scan test to the first logical circuit and a second path for inputting the first scan pattern for power saving to the first logical circuit. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
input-masking of maintaining an input value to the first logical circuit to be a predetermined value when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first logical circuit; and output-masking of maintaining an output value from the first logical circuit to be a predetermined value when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first logical circuit. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein
the semiconductor device further includes a second logical circuit having a second scan chain, configured to suppress a leakage current when a second scan pattern for power saving is set in the second scan chain, and the method further comprises: maintaining an input value to the first logical circuit and an output value from the second logical circuit to be a predetermined value respectively when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first logical circuit; and maintaining an input value to the second logical circuit and an output value from the first logical circuit to be a predetermined value respectively when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the first logical circuit. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein
the first scan chain is configured by a plurality of scan flip-flops, and the method further comprises: setting the first scan pattern for power saving in the scan flip-flops in a power-saving mode; and setting the first scan pattern for scan test in the scan flip-flops at a time of conducting a scan test. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
clock-generating of supplying a clock signal to the first logical circuit; and stopping supply of the clock signal when the first scan pattern for power saving is set in the scan flip-flops. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein when a resetting process of initializing the first logical circuit is performed, supply of the clock signal is stopped. | 2,800 |
340,946 | 16,801,225 | 2,837 | The disclosure provides a method to optimize atomic layer deposition comprising the following steps: (A) providing a cellulose nanofiber; (B) acidifying the cellulose nanofiber by an acidifying treatment agent; (C) hydrophobing the acidified cellulose nanofiber by a hydrophobinghydrophobic treatment agent; (D) dissolving the acidified and hydrophobed cellulose nanofiber in a solvent to form a cellulose nanofiber solution; (E) coating the cellulose nanofiber solution on a silicone resin film; (F) heating the coated silicone resin film to form a cellulose nanofiber layer on a surface of the silicone resin film; and (G) forming an inorganic coating layer on the surface of the silicone resin film having the cellulose nanofiber layer by atomic layer deposition. | 1. A method to optimize atomic layer deposition, comprising the following steps:
(A) providing a cellulose nanofiber; (B) acidifying the cellulose nanofiber by an acidifying treatment agent; (C) hydrophobing the acidified cellulose nanofiber by a hydrophobic treatment agent; (D) dissolving the acidified and hydrophobed cellulose nanofiber in a solvent to form a cellulose nanofiber solution; (E) coating the cellulose nanofiber solution on a silicone resin film; (F) heating the coated silicone resin film to form a cellulose nanofiber layer on a surface of the silicone resin film; and (G) forming an inorganic coating layer on the surface of the silicone resin film having the cellulose nanofiber layer by atomic layer deposition. 2. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cellulose nanofiber solution of step of (D) is in the range of 0.05% to 0.3%. 3. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solvent of step of (D) is selected from at least one of the group consisting of water, toluene, methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, proprylene glycol monomethyl ether, tert-butanol, butanone and tetrahydrofuran, or combinations thereof. 4. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the cellulose nanofiber layer of step of (F) is in the range of 0.2 μm to 1.6 μm. 5. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating treatment of step (F) is proceed at the temperature in the range of 40° C. to 120° C. for 1 minute to 30 minutes. 6. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the inorganic coating layer of the step of (G) is in the range of 10 nm to 300 nm. 7. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inorganic coating layer of the step of (G) includes SiO2, Al2O3, HfO2 or combinations thereof. 8. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acidifying treatment agent of the step of (B) includes hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid or triflic acid. 9. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 8, wherein the concentration of the acidifying treatment agent of the step of (B) is in the range of 0.1N to 10N. 10. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic treatment agent of the step of (C) includes a C6 to C18 long carbon chain amino compound. 11. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic treatment agent of the step of (C) includes hexamine, dodecylamine, octadecylamine, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, or octadearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. 12. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 10, wherein the concentration of the hydrophobic treatment agent of the step of (C) is in the range of 0.1% to 5%. 13. A silicone resin film with an inorganic coating layer, which is manufactured by the method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 1. 14. The silicone resin film with an inorganic coating layer as claimed in claim 13, wherein the he water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the silicone resin film is less than 1 gm−2day−1. 15. An optical semiconductor device, wherein the optical semiconductor device is encapsulated by the silicone resin film with an inorganic coating layer as claimed in claim 13. | The disclosure provides a method to optimize atomic layer deposition comprising the following steps: (A) providing a cellulose nanofiber; (B) acidifying the cellulose nanofiber by an acidifying treatment agent; (C) hydrophobing the acidified cellulose nanofiber by a hydrophobinghydrophobic treatment agent; (D) dissolving the acidified and hydrophobed cellulose nanofiber in a solvent to form a cellulose nanofiber solution; (E) coating the cellulose nanofiber solution on a silicone resin film; (F) heating the coated silicone resin film to form a cellulose nanofiber layer on a surface of the silicone resin film; and (G) forming an inorganic coating layer on the surface of the silicone resin film having the cellulose nanofiber layer by atomic layer deposition.1. A method to optimize atomic layer deposition, comprising the following steps:
(A) providing a cellulose nanofiber; (B) acidifying the cellulose nanofiber by an acidifying treatment agent; (C) hydrophobing the acidified cellulose nanofiber by a hydrophobic treatment agent; (D) dissolving the acidified and hydrophobed cellulose nanofiber in a solvent to form a cellulose nanofiber solution; (E) coating the cellulose nanofiber solution on a silicone resin film; (F) heating the coated silicone resin film to form a cellulose nanofiber layer on a surface of the silicone resin film; and (G) forming an inorganic coating layer on the surface of the silicone resin film having the cellulose nanofiber layer by atomic layer deposition. 2. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cellulose nanofiber solution of step of (D) is in the range of 0.05% to 0.3%. 3. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solvent of step of (D) is selected from at least one of the group consisting of water, toluene, methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, proprylene glycol monomethyl ether, tert-butanol, butanone and tetrahydrofuran, or combinations thereof. 4. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the cellulose nanofiber layer of step of (F) is in the range of 0.2 μm to 1.6 μm. 5. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating treatment of step (F) is proceed at the temperature in the range of 40° C. to 120° C. for 1 minute to 30 minutes. 6. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the inorganic coating layer of the step of (G) is in the range of 10 nm to 300 nm. 7. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inorganic coating layer of the step of (G) includes SiO2, Al2O3, HfO2 or combinations thereof. 8. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acidifying treatment agent of the step of (B) includes hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid or triflic acid. 9. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 8, wherein the concentration of the acidifying treatment agent of the step of (B) is in the range of 0.1N to 10N. 10. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic treatment agent of the step of (C) includes a C6 to C18 long carbon chain amino compound. 11. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic treatment agent of the step of (C) includes hexamine, dodecylamine, octadecylamine, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, or octadearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. 12. The method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 10, wherein the concentration of the hydrophobic treatment agent of the step of (C) is in the range of 0.1% to 5%. 13. A silicone resin film with an inorganic coating layer, which is manufactured by the method to optimize atomic layer deposition as claimed in claim 1. 14. The silicone resin film with an inorganic coating layer as claimed in claim 13, wherein the he water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the silicone resin film is less than 1 gm−2day−1. 15. An optical semiconductor device, wherein the optical semiconductor device is encapsulated by the silicone resin film with an inorganic coating layer as claimed in claim 13. | 2,800 |
340,947 | 16,801,234 | 2,837 | One coding scheme is selected from a plurality of coding schemes, an information sequence is encoded by using the selected coding scheme, and an obtained encoded sequence is modulated to obtain a modulated signal. The obtained modulated signal is subjected to a phase change and is transmitted. The plurality of coding schemes include at least a first coding scheme and a second coding scheme. The first coding scheme is a coding scheme with a first coding rate for forming a generated first codeword as a first encoded sequence by using a first parity check matrix. The second coding scheme is a coding scheme with a second coding rate obtained after puncturing processing, for generating a second encoded sequence by performing the puncturing processing on a generated second codeword by using a second parity check matrix different from the first parity check matrix. The number of bits of the first encoded sequence is equal to the number of bits of the second encoded sequence. | 1-4. (canceled) 5. A transmission method, performed by a transmitter, for transmitting contents to a receiver, the transmission method comprising:
determining, based on control information, whether a first encoding scheme to generate a first codeword or a second encoding scheme to generate a second codeword is used for encoding, a first parity check matrix of the first encoding scheme being different from a second parity check matrix of the second encoding scheme, a first length of the first codeword being smaller than a second length of the second codeword; encoding an information data sequence according to the determined encoding scheme to generate an encoded sequence including the first codeword or the second codeword; removing a part of the first codeword if the first encoding scheme is determined to be used; modulating the encoded sequence to generate modulated symbols; and transmitting the modulated symbols and the control information through an antenna, wherein the information data sequence includes multiplexed data in which at least two contents are multiplexed, the at least two contents including a compressed video content, and the information data sequence includes a High Dynamic Range (HDR) indicator indicating that the compressed video content is to be decompressed in the receiver according to HDR video compression. 6. The transmission method according to claim 5, wherein the information data sequence further includes HDR decompression data that are provided to generate a HDR video content from the compressed video content in the receiver. 7. A reception method, performed by a receiver, for receiving contents from a transmitter, the reception method comprising:
receiving modulated symbols and control information through an antenna; demodulating the modulated symbols to generate an encoded sequence including a first codeword or a second codeword; performing depuncturing process on the first codeword if the control information indicates that puncturing process is performed in the transmitter; decoding the first codeword according to a first encoding scheme to generate an information data sequence if the control information indicates that the puncturing process is performed in the transmitter; and decoding the second codeword according to a second encoding scheme to generate an information data sequence if the control information does not indicate that the puncturing process is performed in the transmitter, a first parity check matrix of the first encoding scheme being different from a second parity check matrix of the second encoding scheme, a first length of the first codeword being smaller than a second length of the second codeword, wherein the information data sequence includes multiplexed data in which at least two contents are multiplexed, the at least two contents including a compressed video content, and the information data sequence includes a High Dynamic Range (HDR) indicator indicating that the compressed video content is to be decompressed in the receiver according to HDR video compression. 8. The reception method according to claim 7, wherein the information data sequence further includes HDR decompression data that are provided to generate a HDR video content from the compressed video content in the receiver. | One coding scheme is selected from a plurality of coding schemes, an information sequence is encoded by using the selected coding scheme, and an obtained encoded sequence is modulated to obtain a modulated signal. The obtained modulated signal is subjected to a phase change and is transmitted. The plurality of coding schemes include at least a first coding scheme and a second coding scheme. The first coding scheme is a coding scheme with a first coding rate for forming a generated first codeword as a first encoded sequence by using a first parity check matrix. The second coding scheme is a coding scheme with a second coding rate obtained after puncturing processing, for generating a second encoded sequence by performing the puncturing processing on a generated second codeword by using a second parity check matrix different from the first parity check matrix. The number of bits of the first encoded sequence is equal to the number of bits of the second encoded sequence.1-4. (canceled) 5. A transmission method, performed by a transmitter, for transmitting contents to a receiver, the transmission method comprising:
determining, based on control information, whether a first encoding scheme to generate a first codeword or a second encoding scheme to generate a second codeword is used for encoding, a first parity check matrix of the first encoding scheme being different from a second parity check matrix of the second encoding scheme, a first length of the first codeword being smaller than a second length of the second codeword; encoding an information data sequence according to the determined encoding scheme to generate an encoded sequence including the first codeword or the second codeword; removing a part of the first codeword if the first encoding scheme is determined to be used; modulating the encoded sequence to generate modulated symbols; and transmitting the modulated symbols and the control information through an antenna, wherein the information data sequence includes multiplexed data in which at least two contents are multiplexed, the at least two contents including a compressed video content, and the information data sequence includes a High Dynamic Range (HDR) indicator indicating that the compressed video content is to be decompressed in the receiver according to HDR video compression. 6. The transmission method according to claim 5, wherein the information data sequence further includes HDR decompression data that are provided to generate a HDR video content from the compressed video content in the receiver. 7. A reception method, performed by a receiver, for receiving contents from a transmitter, the reception method comprising:
receiving modulated symbols and control information through an antenna; demodulating the modulated symbols to generate an encoded sequence including a first codeword or a second codeword; performing depuncturing process on the first codeword if the control information indicates that puncturing process is performed in the transmitter; decoding the first codeword according to a first encoding scheme to generate an information data sequence if the control information indicates that the puncturing process is performed in the transmitter; and decoding the second codeword according to a second encoding scheme to generate an information data sequence if the control information does not indicate that the puncturing process is performed in the transmitter, a first parity check matrix of the first encoding scheme being different from a second parity check matrix of the second encoding scheme, a first length of the first codeword being smaller than a second length of the second codeword, wherein the information data sequence includes multiplexed data in which at least two contents are multiplexed, the at least two contents including a compressed video content, and the information data sequence includes a High Dynamic Range (HDR) indicator indicating that the compressed video content is to be decompressed in the receiver according to HDR video compression. 8. The reception method according to claim 7, wherein the information data sequence further includes HDR decompression data that are provided to generate a HDR video content from the compressed video content in the receiver. | 2,800 |
340,948 | 16,801,214 | 2,837 | A nonvolatile memory device performs a read operation comprising first and second intervals. In the first interval the device applies a turn-on voltage to string selection lines and ground selection lines connected to the string selection transistors and the ground selection transistors, respectively. In the second interval, the device applies a turn-off voltage to unselected string selection lines and unselected ground selection lines while continuing to apply the turn-on voltage to a selected string selection line and a selected ground selection line. In both the first and second intervals, the device applies a first read voltage to a selected wordline connected to memory cells to be read by the read operation and applying a second read voltage to unselected wordlines among connected to memory cells not to be read by the read operation. | 1. A method of operating a nonvolatile memory device, the nonvolatile memory device comprising a plurality of cell strings including a first cell string, a second cell string, a third cell string and a fourth cell string, each of the plurality of cell strings comprising a plurality of memory cells stacked on or above a substrate in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, the first cell string including at least one first ground selection transistor (GST) and at least one first string selection transistor (SST), the second cell string including at least one second GST and at least one second SST, the third cell string including at least one third GST and at least one third SST, the fourth cell string including at least one fourth GST and at least one fourth SST, the first through fourth cell strings being connected to a first bit-line, the method comprising:
during a first interval, performing a preset operation, the preset operation including applying a plurality of first voltages to a first string selection line (SSL), a second SSL, a third SSL, a fourth SSL, a first ground selection line (GSL) and a second GSL, the first through fourth SSLs being connected to the at least one first SST, at least one second SST, at least one third SST and at least one fourth SST respectively, the first GSL being connected to the at least one first GST and the at least one second GST, the second GSL being connected to the at least one third GST and the at least one fourth GST; and during a second interval following the first interval, performing a read operation including: applying a plurality of second voltages to each of the first SSL and the first GSL; applying a plurality of third voltages to each of the second through fourth SSLs and the second GSL, each of the plurality of third voltages being less than each of the plurality of first voltages and each of the plurality of second voltages; applying a selected read voltage to a selected wordline connected to the first through fourth cell strings; applying unselected read voltages to unselected wordlines connected to the first through fourth cell strings, each of the unselected read voltages being higher than the selected read voltage; and applying a pre-charge voltage higher than a ground voltage to the first bit-line, wherein the applying the plurality of second voltages and the applying the plurality of third voltages have an overlap time during the second interval. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first SSL is equal to a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to each of the second through fourth SSLs. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the voltage of the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first SSL is equal to a voltage of the plurality of first voltages that is applied to each of the first GSL and the second GSL. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first SSL is equal to a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first GSL. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the third SSL is equal to a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the second GSL, and equal to a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the fourth SSL. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first SSL is equal to the voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the third SSL. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first SSL is different from the voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the third SSL. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein a voltage among the plurality of second that is applied to the first SSL is equal to the voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first SSL, and equal to the voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first GSL. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein each of the plurality of third voltages is equal to the ground voltage. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the GST of the first cell strings is disposed between the plurality of memory cells of the first cell string and the substrate. 11. A method of operating a nonvolatile memory device, the nonvolatile memory device comprising a plurality of cell strings including a first cell string, a second cell string, a third cell string and a fourth cell string, each of the plurality of cell strings comprising a plurality of memory cells stacked on or above a substrate in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, the first cell string including at least one first ground selection transistor (GST) and at least one first string selection transistor (SST), the second cell string including at least one second GST and at least one second SST, the third cell string including at least one third GST and at least one third SST, the fourth cell string including at least one fourth GST and at least one fourth SST, the first through fourth cell strings being connected to a first bit-line, the method comprising:
during a first interval, performing a preset operation that includes: applying a plurality of first voltages to a first string selection line (SSL) and a first ground selection line (GSL); applying a second voltage to a second SSL; and applying a plurality of third voltages to a third SSL, a fourth SSL and a second GSL; during a second interval following the first interval, performing a read operation that includes: applying a plurality of fourth voltages to the second through fourth SSL and the second GSL while continuing to apply the plurality of first voltages to the first SSL and the first GSL, the plurality of fourth voltages being less than the plurality of first voltage, the second voltage and the plurality of third voltages; applying a selected read voltage to a selected wordline connected to the first through fourth cell strings; applying unselected read voltages to unselected wordlines connected to the first through fourth cell strings, each of the unselected read voltages being higher than the selected read voltage; and applying a pre-charge voltage higher than the ground voltage to the first bit-line, wherein the first through fourth SSLs are connected to the at least one first SST, at least one second SST, at least one third SST and at least one fourth SST respectively, the first GSL is connected to the at least one first GST and the at least one second GST, the second GSL is connected to the at least one third GST and the at least one fourth GST, the applying the plurality of first voltages, the applying the second voltage and the applying the plurality of third voltages have an overlap time during the first interval. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first voltage is different from the second voltage. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first voltage is equal to or lower than the third voltage. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the first voltage is different from the third voltage. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the second voltage is applied during a first time and the plurality of third voltages are applied during a second time shorter than the first time. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one first GST is disposed between the plurality of memory cells of the first cell string and the substrate. 17. A method of operating a nonvolatile memory system, the nonvolatile memory system comprising a nonvolatile memory device and a controller, the nonvolatile memory device comprising a plurality of cell strings including a first cell string, a second cell string, a third cell string and a fourth cell string, each of the plurality of cell strings comprising a plurality of memory cells stacked on or above a substrate in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, the first cell string including at least one first ground selection transistor (GST) and at least one first string selection transistor (SST), the second cell string including at least one second GST and at least one second SST, the third cell string including at least one third GST and at least one third SST, the fourth cell string including at least one fourth GST and at least one fourth SST, and the first through fourth cell strings being connected to a first bit-line, the method comprising:
providing a command to the nonvolatile memory device by the controller; performing a preset operation in response to the command by the nonvolatile memory device; after the performing the preset operation, performing a read operation in response to the command by the nonvolatile memory device, wherein the preset operation comprises: applying a plurality of first voltages to each of a first string selection line (SSL), a second SSL, a third SSL, a fourth SSL, a first ground selection line (GSL) and a second GSL, the first through fourth SSLs being connected to the at least one first SST, at least one second SST, at least one third SST and at least one fourth SST respectively, the first GSL being connected to the at least one first GST and the at least one second GST, the second GSL being connected to the at least one third GST and the at least one fourth GST, the read operation comprises: applying a plurality of second voltages to each of the first SSL and the first GSL; applying a plurality of third voltages to each of the second through fourth SSLs and the second GSL, each of the plurality of third voltages being less than each of the plurality of second voltages and each of the plurality of first voltages; applying a selected read voltage to a selected wordline connected to the first through fourth cell strings; applying unselected read voltages to unselected wordlines connected to the first through fourth cell strings, each of the unselected read voltages being higher than the selected read voltage; and applying a pre-charge voltage higher than a ground voltage to the first bit-line, wherein the applying the plurality of second voltages and the applying the plurality of third voltages have an overlap time. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first SSL is equal to a voltage among the plurality of first voltage that is applied to each of the second through fourth SSLs. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first SSL is equal to a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to each of the first GSL and the second GSL. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first SSL is equal to a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first GSL. | A nonvolatile memory device performs a read operation comprising first and second intervals. In the first interval the device applies a turn-on voltage to string selection lines and ground selection lines connected to the string selection transistors and the ground selection transistors, respectively. In the second interval, the device applies a turn-off voltage to unselected string selection lines and unselected ground selection lines while continuing to apply the turn-on voltage to a selected string selection line and a selected ground selection line. In both the first and second intervals, the device applies a first read voltage to a selected wordline connected to memory cells to be read by the read operation and applying a second read voltage to unselected wordlines among connected to memory cells not to be read by the read operation.1. A method of operating a nonvolatile memory device, the nonvolatile memory device comprising a plurality of cell strings including a first cell string, a second cell string, a third cell string and a fourth cell string, each of the plurality of cell strings comprising a plurality of memory cells stacked on or above a substrate in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, the first cell string including at least one first ground selection transistor (GST) and at least one first string selection transistor (SST), the second cell string including at least one second GST and at least one second SST, the third cell string including at least one third GST and at least one third SST, the fourth cell string including at least one fourth GST and at least one fourth SST, the first through fourth cell strings being connected to a first bit-line, the method comprising:
during a first interval, performing a preset operation, the preset operation including applying a plurality of first voltages to a first string selection line (SSL), a second SSL, a third SSL, a fourth SSL, a first ground selection line (GSL) and a second GSL, the first through fourth SSLs being connected to the at least one first SST, at least one second SST, at least one third SST and at least one fourth SST respectively, the first GSL being connected to the at least one first GST and the at least one second GST, the second GSL being connected to the at least one third GST and the at least one fourth GST; and during a second interval following the first interval, performing a read operation including: applying a plurality of second voltages to each of the first SSL and the first GSL; applying a plurality of third voltages to each of the second through fourth SSLs and the second GSL, each of the plurality of third voltages being less than each of the plurality of first voltages and each of the plurality of second voltages; applying a selected read voltage to a selected wordline connected to the first through fourth cell strings; applying unselected read voltages to unselected wordlines connected to the first through fourth cell strings, each of the unselected read voltages being higher than the selected read voltage; and applying a pre-charge voltage higher than a ground voltage to the first bit-line, wherein the applying the plurality of second voltages and the applying the plurality of third voltages have an overlap time during the second interval. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first SSL is equal to a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to each of the second through fourth SSLs. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the voltage of the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first SSL is equal to a voltage of the plurality of first voltages that is applied to each of the first GSL and the second GSL. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first SSL is equal to a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first GSL. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the third SSL is equal to a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the second GSL, and equal to a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the fourth SSL. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first SSL is equal to the voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the third SSL. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first SSL is different from the voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the third SSL. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein a voltage among the plurality of second that is applied to the first SSL is equal to the voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first SSL, and equal to the voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first GSL. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein each of the plurality of third voltages is equal to the ground voltage. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the GST of the first cell strings is disposed between the plurality of memory cells of the first cell string and the substrate. 11. A method of operating a nonvolatile memory device, the nonvolatile memory device comprising a plurality of cell strings including a first cell string, a second cell string, a third cell string and a fourth cell string, each of the plurality of cell strings comprising a plurality of memory cells stacked on or above a substrate in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, the first cell string including at least one first ground selection transistor (GST) and at least one first string selection transistor (SST), the second cell string including at least one second GST and at least one second SST, the third cell string including at least one third GST and at least one third SST, the fourth cell string including at least one fourth GST and at least one fourth SST, the first through fourth cell strings being connected to a first bit-line, the method comprising:
during a first interval, performing a preset operation that includes: applying a plurality of first voltages to a first string selection line (SSL) and a first ground selection line (GSL); applying a second voltage to a second SSL; and applying a plurality of third voltages to a third SSL, a fourth SSL and a second GSL; during a second interval following the first interval, performing a read operation that includes: applying a plurality of fourth voltages to the second through fourth SSL and the second GSL while continuing to apply the plurality of first voltages to the first SSL and the first GSL, the plurality of fourth voltages being less than the plurality of first voltage, the second voltage and the plurality of third voltages; applying a selected read voltage to a selected wordline connected to the first through fourth cell strings; applying unselected read voltages to unselected wordlines connected to the first through fourth cell strings, each of the unselected read voltages being higher than the selected read voltage; and applying a pre-charge voltage higher than the ground voltage to the first bit-line, wherein the first through fourth SSLs are connected to the at least one first SST, at least one second SST, at least one third SST and at least one fourth SST respectively, the first GSL is connected to the at least one first GST and the at least one second GST, the second GSL is connected to the at least one third GST and the at least one fourth GST, the applying the plurality of first voltages, the applying the second voltage and the applying the plurality of third voltages have an overlap time during the first interval. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first voltage is different from the second voltage. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first voltage is equal to or lower than the third voltage. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the first voltage is different from the third voltage. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the second voltage is applied during a first time and the plurality of third voltages are applied during a second time shorter than the first time. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one first GST is disposed between the plurality of memory cells of the first cell string and the substrate. 17. A method of operating a nonvolatile memory system, the nonvolatile memory system comprising a nonvolatile memory device and a controller, the nonvolatile memory device comprising a plurality of cell strings including a first cell string, a second cell string, a third cell string and a fourth cell string, each of the plurality of cell strings comprising a plurality of memory cells stacked on or above a substrate in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, the first cell string including at least one first ground selection transistor (GST) and at least one first string selection transistor (SST), the second cell string including at least one second GST and at least one second SST, the third cell string including at least one third GST and at least one third SST, the fourth cell string including at least one fourth GST and at least one fourth SST, and the first through fourth cell strings being connected to a first bit-line, the method comprising:
providing a command to the nonvolatile memory device by the controller; performing a preset operation in response to the command by the nonvolatile memory device; after the performing the preset operation, performing a read operation in response to the command by the nonvolatile memory device, wherein the preset operation comprises: applying a plurality of first voltages to each of a first string selection line (SSL), a second SSL, a third SSL, a fourth SSL, a first ground selection line (GSL) and a second GSL, the first through fourth SSLs being connected to the at least one first SST, at least one second SST, at least one third SST and at least one fourth SST respectively, the first GSL being connected to the at least one first GST and the at least one second GST, the second GSL being connected to the at least one third GST and the at least one fourth GST, the read operation comprises: applying a plurality of second voltages to each of the first SSL and the first GSL; applying a plurality of third voltages to each of the second through fourth SSLs and the second GSL, each of the plurality of third voltages being less than each of the plurality of second voltages and each of the plurality of first voltages; applying a selected read voltage to a selected wordline connected to the first through fourth cell strings; applying unselected read voltages to unselected wordlines connected to the first through fourth cell strings, each of the unselected read voltages being higher than the selected read voltage; and applying a pre-charge voltage higher than a ground voltage to the first bit-line, wherein the applying the plurality of second voltages and the applying the plurality of third voltages have an overlap time. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first SSL is equal to a voltage among the plurality of first voltage that is applied to each of the second through fourth SSLs. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first SSL is equal to a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to each of the first GSL and the second GSL. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first SSL is equal to a voltage among the plurality of first voltages that is applied to the first GSL. | 2,800 |
340,949 | 16,801,212 | 2,837 | A future location of a movable object is predicted to intersect a planned path of a host vehicle. A host vehicle component is actuated to output a signal indicating to move the movable object. Then, at least one of the movable object is determined to have moved or the planned path of the host vehicle is updated. Then, the host vehicle is operated along the planned path or the updated planned path. | 1. A system, comprising a first computer including a processor and a memory, the memory storing instructions executable by the processor to:
predict that a future location of a movable object and a planned path of a host vehicle will intersect; actuate a host vehicle component to output a signal indicating to move the movable object; then, at least one of (a) determine that the movable object has moved, or (b) update the planned path of the host vehicle; and then, operate the host vehicle along the planned path or the updated planned path. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first computer is included on the host vehicle, the system further comprising a second computer on the movable object, the second computer including a second processor and a second memory, the second memory storing instructions executable by the second processor to:
predict that the host vehicle will move along the planned path; then, at least one of (a) determine that the host vehicle has moved along the updated path or (b) update the future location of the movable object; and then, operate the movable object to the future location or the updated future location. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine the future location of the movable object is in a travel route based on at least one of sensor data and location data. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine the updated future location will avoid intersecting the planned path. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine the updated future location based on a distance from the future location to the updated future location being within a specified distance. 6. The system of claim 2, wherein the movable object is a vehicle. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the instructions further include instructions to operate the movable object to a parking space based on moving the movable object to a threshold number of updated future locations. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the host vehicle component is at least one of a horn, exterior lights, and a propulsion component. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the instructions further include instructions to actuate the propulsion component to operate the host vehicle along a portion of the planned path based on a distance between the host vehicle and the movable object. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to input host vehicle sensor data into a machine learning program that identifies the movable object. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the future location is defined in part by a path of the movable object. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine the host vehicle is within a distance threshold of the movable object. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine at least one of the movable object and the host vehicle is moving at a speed below a speed threshold. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to, upon identifying a parking space for the host vehicle, actuate a turn signal of the host vehicle. 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to, upon determining a planned path into a parking space, perform a parking maneuver along the planned path. 16. The system of claim 1, wherein the movable object is one of a vehicle or a pedestrian. 17. A method comprising:
predicting that a future location of a movable object and a planned path of a host vehicle will intersect; actuating a host vehicle component to output a signal indicating to move the movable object; then, at least one of (a) determining that the movable object has moved, or (b) updating the planned path of the host vehicle; and then, operating the host vehicle along the planned path or the updated planned path. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
predicting that the host vehicle will move along the planned path; then, at least one of (a) determining that the host vehicle has moved along the updated path or (b) updating the future location of the movable object; and then, operating the movable object to the future location or the updated future location. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the future location is defined in part by a path of the movable object. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the movable object is one of a vehicle or a pedestrian. | A future location of a movable object is predicted to intersect a planned path of a host vehicle. A host vehicle component is actuated to output a signal indicating to move the movable object. Then, at least one of the movable object is determined to have moved or the planned path of the host vehicle is updated. Then, the host vehicle is operated along the planned path or the updated planned path.1. A system, comprising a first computer including a processor and a memory, the memory storing instructions executable by the processor to:
predict that a future location of a movable object and a planned path of a host vehicle will intersect; actuate a host vehicle component to output a signal indicating to move the movable object; then, at least one of (a) determine that the movable object has moved, or (b) update the planned path of the host vehicle; and then, operate the host vehicle along the planned path or the updated planned path. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first computer is included on the host vehicle, the system further comprising a second computer on the movable object, the second computer including a second processor and a second memory, the second memory storing instructions executable by the second processor to:
predict that the host vehicle will move along the planned path; then, at least one of (a) determine that the host vehicle has moved along the updated path or (b) update the future location of the movable object; and then, operate the movable object to the future location or the updated future location. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine the future location of the movable object is in a travel route based on at least one of sensor data and location data. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine the updated future location will avoid intersecting the planned path. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine the updated future location based on a distance from the future location to the updated future location being within a specified distance. 6. The system of claim 2, wherein the movable object is a vehicle. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the instructions further include instructions to operate the movable object to a parking space based on moving the movable object to a threshold number of updated future locations. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the host vehicle component is at least one of a horn, exterior lights, and a propulsion component. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the instructions further include instructions to actuate the propulsion component to operate the host vehicle along a portion of the planned path based on a distance between the host vehicle and the movable object. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to input host vehicle sensor data into a machine learning program that identifies the movable object. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the future location is defined in part by a path of the movable object. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine the host vehicle is within a distance threshold of the movable object. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to determine at least one of the movable object and the host vehicle is moving at a speed below a speed threshold. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to, upon identifying a parking space for the host vehicle, actuate a turn signal of the host vehicle. 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include instructions to, upon determining a planned path into a parking space, perform a parking maneuver along the planned path. 16. The system of claim 1, wherein the movable object is one of a vehicle or a pedestrian. 17. A method comprising:
predicting that a future location of a movable object and a planned path of a host vehicle will intersect; actuating a host vehicle component to output a signal indicating to move the movable object; then, at least one of (a) determining that the movable object has moved, or (b) updating the planned path of the host vehicle; and then, operating the host vehicle along the planned path or the updated planned path. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
predicting that the host vehicle will move along the planned path; then, at least one of (a) determining that the host vehicle has moved along the updated path or (b) updating the future location of the movable object; and then, operating the movable object to the future location or the updated future location. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the future location is defined in part by a path of the movable object. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the movable object is one of a vehicle or a pedestrian. | 2,800 |
340,950 | 16,642,353 | 2,837 | A method of layerwise fabrication of a three-dimensional object is disclosed. The method comprises, for each of at least a few of the layers: dispensing at least a first modeling formulation and a second modeling formulation to form a core region using both the first and the second modeling formulations, and at least one envelope region at least partially surrounding the core region using one of the first and the second modeling formulations but not the other one of the first and the second modeling formulations. The method can also comprise exposing the layer to curing energy. The first modeling formulation is characterized, when hardened, by heat deflection temperature (HDT) of at least 90° C., and the second modeling formulation is characterized, when hardened, by Izod impact resistance (IR) value of at least 45 J/m. | 1. A structure comprises a plurality of layers fabricated by three-dimensional inkjet printing, wherein at least one of said layers comprising:
an innermost region formed of a combination of a first modeling material and a second modeling material interlaced thereamongst; an inner envelope region, at least partially surrounding said innermost region, and being formed of said first modeling material, but not said second modeling material; and an outer envelope region, at least partially surrounding said inner envelope region, and being formed of said second modeling material, but not said first modeling material. 2. The structure of claim 1, wherein said inner envelope region completely surrounds said innermost region. 3. The structure of claim 1, wherein said outer envelope region completely surrounds said inner envelope region. 4. The structure of claim 1, wherein a ratio between an area of said innermost region that is occupied by said first modeling material and an area of said innermost region that is occupied by said second modeling material is about 0.25 to about 0.45. 5. The structure of claim 1, wherein a thickness of said inner envelope region, as measured within the plane of said layer, is preferably from about 0.1 mm to about 4 mm. 6. The structure of claim 1, wherein a thickness of said outer envelope region, as measured within the plane of said layer, is from about from about 150 microns to about 600 microns. 7. The structure of claim 1, wherein said at least one layer further comprises a stitching region between said inner envelope region and said outer envelope region. 8. The structure of claim 7, wherein said stitching region is formed of a combination of said first modeling material and said second modeling material interlaced thereamongst. 9. The structure of claim 7, wherein a ratio between an area of said stitching region that is occupied by said first modeling material and an area of said stitching region that is occupied by said second modeling material is about 0.9 to about 1.1. 10. The structure of claim 7, wherein said stitching region is devoid of any modeling material other than said first modeling material and said second modeling material. 11. The structure of claim 7, wherein a thickness of said stitching region is less than a thickness of said inner envelope region and less than a thickness said outer envelope region, said thicknesses being measured within the plane of said layer. 12. The structure of claim 7, wherein said thickness of said stitching region is from about 70 microns to about 100 microns. 13. The structure of claim 1, comprising a plurality of base section layers forming a base of the structure, and a plurality of top section layers forming a top of the structure. 14. The structure of claim 13, wherein at least one of said plurality of base section layers and said plurality of top section layers is formed of a combination of said first modeling material and said second modeling material interlaced thereamongst. 15. The structure of claim 13, wherein at least one of a bottommost layer of said top and a topmost layer of said base is formed of said first modeling material, but not said second modeling material. 16. The structure of claim 13, wherein said bottommost layer of said top is a bottommost layer of a stack of layers all made of said first modeling material, but not said second modeling material, and wherein a thickness of said stack measured perpendicularly to said layers is approximately the same as a thickness of said inner envelope region, as measured within the plane of said layer. 17. The structure of claim 13, wherein said topmost layer of said base is a topmost layer of a stack of layers all made of said first modeling material, but not said second modeling material, and wherein a thickness of said stack measured perpendicularly to said layers is approximately the same as a thickness of said inner envelope region, as measured within the plane of said layer. 18. The structure of claim 13, wherein at least one of a bottommost layer of said base and a topmost layer of said top is formed of said second modeling material, but not said first modeling material. 19. The structure of claim 13, wherein said bottommost layer of said base is a bottommost layer of a stack of layers all made of said second modeling material, but not said first modeling material, and wherein a thickness of said stack measured perpendicularly to said layers is approximately the same as a thickness of said outer envelope region, as measured within the plane of said layer. 20. The structure of claim 13, wherein said topmost layer of said top is a topmost layer of a stack of layers all made of said second modeling material, but not said first modeling material, and wherein a thickness of said stack measured perpendicularly to said layers is approximately the same as a thickness of said outer envelope region, as measured within the plane of said layer. 21. The structure of claim 1, wherein said first modeling material is characterized by heat deflection temperature (HDT) of at least 90° C., and said second modeling material is characterized by Izod impact resistance (IR) value of at least 45 J/m. 22. The structure of claim 1, wherein a ratio between elastic moduli of said first and said second modeling materials is from about 2.7 to about 2.9. | A method of layerwise fabrication of a three-dimensional object is disclosed. The method comprises, for each of at least a few of the layers: dispensing at least a first modeling formulation and a second modeling formulation to form a core region using both the first and the second modeling formulations, and at least one envelope region at least partially surrounding the core region using one of the first and the second modeling formulations but not the other one of the first and the second modeling formulations. The method can also comprise exposing the layer to curing energy. The first modeling formulation is characterized, when hardened, by heat deflection temperature (HDT) of at least 90° C., and the second modeling formulation is characterized, when hardened, by Izod impact resistance (IR) value of at least 45 J/m.1. A structure comprises a plurality of layers fabricated by three-dimensional inkjet printing, wherein at least one of said layers comprising:
an innermost region formed of a combination of a first modeling material and a second modeling material interlaced thereamongst; an inner envelope region, at least partially surrounding said innermost region, and being formed of said first modeling material, but not said second modeling material; and an outer envelope region, at least partially surrounding said inner envelope region, and being formed of said second modeling material, but not said first modeling material. 2. The structure of claim 1, wherein said inner envelope region completely surrounds said innermost region. 3. The structure of claim 1, wherein said outer envelope region completely surrounds said inner envelope region. 4. The structure of claim 1, wherein a ratio between an area of said innermost region that is occupied by said first modeling material and an area of said innermost region that is occupied by said second modeling material is about 0.25 to about 0.45. 5. The structure of claim 1, wherein a thickness of said inner envelope region, as measured within the plane of said layer, is preferably from about 0.1 mm to about 4 mm. 6. The structure of claim 1, wherein a thickness of said outer envelope region, as measured within the plane of said layer, is from about from about 150 microns to about 600 microns. 7. The structure of claim 1, wherein said at least one layer further comprises a stitching region between said inner envelope region and said outer envelope region. 8. The structure of claim 7, wherein said stitching region is formed of a combination of said first modeling material and said second modeling material interlaced thereamongst. 9. The structure of claim 7, wherein a ratio between an area of said stitching region that is occupied by said first modeling material and an area of said stitching region that is occupied by said second modeling material is about 0.9 to about 1.1. 10. The structure of claim 7, wherein said stitching region is devoid of any modeling material other than said first modeling material and said second modeling material. 11. The structure of claim 7, wherein a thickness of said stitching region is less than a thickness of said inner envelope region and less than a thickness said outer envelope region, said thicknesses being measured within the plane of said layer. 12. The structure of claim 7, wherein said thickness of said stitching region is from about 70 microns to about 100 microns. 13. The structure of claim 1, comprising a plurality of base section layers forming a base of the structure, and a plurality of top section layers forming a top of the structure. 14. The structure of claim 13, wherein at least one of said plurality of base section layers and said plurality of top section layers is formed of a combination of said first modeling material and said second modeling material interlaced thereamongst. 15. The structure of claim 13, wherein at least one of a bottommost layer of said top and a topmost layer of said base is formed of said first modeling material, but not said second modeling material. 16. The structure of claim 13, wherein said bottommost layer of said top is a bottommost layer of a stack of layers all made of said first modeling material, but not said second modeling material, and wherein a thickness of said stack measured perpendicularly to said layers is approximately the same as a thickness of said inner envelope region, as measured within the plane of said layer. 17. The structure of claim 13, wherein said topmost layer of said base is a topmost layer of a stack of layers all made of said first modeling material, but not said second modeling material, and wherein a thickness of said stack measured perpendicularly to said layers is approximately the same as a thickness of said inner envelope region, as measured within the plane of said layer. 18. The structure of claim 13, wherein at least one of a bottommost layer of said base and a topmost layer of said top is formed of said second modeling material, but not said first modeling material. 19. The structure of claim 13, wherein said bottommost layer of said base is a bottommost layer of a stack of layers all made of said second modeling material, but not said first modeling material, and wherein a thickness of said stack measured perpendicularly to said layers is approximately the same as a thickness of said outer envelope region, as measured within the plane of said layer. 20. The structure of claim 13, wherein said topmost layer of said top is a topmost layer of a stack of layers all made of said second modeling material, but not said first modeling material, and wherein a thickness of said stack measured perpendicularly to said layers is approximately the same as a thickness of said outer envelope region, as measured within the plane of said layer. 21. The structure of claim 1, wherein said first modeling material is characterized by heat deflection temperature (HDT) of at least 90° C., and said second modeling material is characterized by Izod impact resistance (IR) value of at least 45 J/m. 22. The structure of claim 1, wherein a ratio between elastic moduli of said first and said second modeling materials is from about 2.7 to about 2.9. | 2,800 |
340,951 | 16,801,233 | 2,837 | A learning device according to an embodiment includes one or more hardware processors configured to function as a generation unit, an inference unit, and a training unit. The generation unit generates input data with which an error between a value output from each of one or more target nodes and a preset aimed value is equal to or less than a preset value, the target nodes being in a target layer of a plurality of layers included in a first neural network. The inference unit causes the input data to propagate in a forward direction of the first neural network to generate output data. The training unit trains a second neural network differing from the first neural network by using training data including a set of the input data and the output data. | 1. A learning device comprising:
one or more hardware processors configured to function as: a generation unit configured to generate input data with which an error between a value output from each of one or more target nodes and a preset aimed value is equal to or less than a preset value, the target nodes being in a target layer of a plurality of layers included in a first neural network; an inference unit configured to generate output data by causing the input data to propagate in a forward direction of the first neural network; and a training unit configured to train a second neural network differing from the first neural network by using training data including a set of the input data and the output data. 2. The learning device according to claim 1, wherein
the target layer is an output layer included in the first neural network. 3. The learning device according to claim 1, wherein
for each of the one or more target nodes, the aimed value is set individually, and the generation unit generates the input data with which an error between a value output from each of the one or more target nodes in the target layer and the aimed value corresponding to the target node is equal to or less than the preset value. 4. The learning device according to claim 1, wherein
the generation unit performs: forward propagation processing of generating temporary output data by causing temporary input data to propagate in the forward direction of the first neural network; error calculation processing of calculating an error value representing an error between a value output from a corresponding target node in the forward propagation processing and the aimed value corresponding to the target node, for each of the one or more target nodes; backpropagation processing of generating input error data representing an error included in the temporary input data by causing the error value of each of the one or more target nodes to propagate in a backward direction of the first neural network; update processing of updating the temporary input data on the basis of the input error data; and control processing of repeatedly performing the forward propagation processing, the error calculation processing, the backpropagation processing, and the update processing until reaching a predetermined state, wherein the generation unit causes the temporary input data in an initial stage to propagate in the forward direction of the first neural network, in the forward propagation processing performed for the first time and causes the temporary input data having been updated in the update processing performed immediately before to propagate in the forward direction of the first neural network in the second and subsequent forward propagation processing. 5. The learning device according to claim 4, wherein
when the generation unit reaches the predetermined state, the generation unit outputs the temporary input data updated in the update processing performed immediately before, as the input data. 6. The learning device according to claim 5, wherein
the predetermined state is a state in which an error evaluation value is equal to or less than a reference value, and the error evaluation value is a value obtained by summing a magnitude of an error for the one or more target nodes and between a value output from a target node and the aimed value corresponding to the target node. 7. The learning device according to claim 4, wherein
all the temporary input data in an initial stage, acquired in the forward propagation processing performed for the first time, have a same value. 8. The learning device according to claim 4, wherein
the temporary input data in an initial stage acquired in the forward propagation processing performed for the first time has data generated on the basis of a random number. 9. The learning device according to claim 1, wherein
the second neural network receives the same type of data as the first neural network and outputs the same type of data as the first neural network. 10. The learning device according to claim 9, wherein
in the second neural network, the number of hidden layers is less than that of hidden layers in the first neural network. 11. The learning device according to claim 9, wherein
in the second neural network, the number of nodes included in at least one hidden layer is less than that of nodes included in at least one hidden layer in the first neural network. 12. The learning device according to claim 9, wherein
in the second neural network in which a parameter has low accuracy including the small number of bits, accuracy in parameter to be set is lower than that in the first neural network. 13. The learning device according to claim 1, wherein the one or more hardware processors are configured to further function as:
a conversion unit configured to generate second input data by performing conversion processing on the input data, wherein the inference unit further generates second output data by causing the second input data to propagate in the forward direction of the first neural network, and the training unit trains the second neural network by using second training data including a set of the second input data and the second output data in addition to the training data. 14. The learning device according to claim 1, wherein the one or more hardware processors are configured to further function as:
a training data acquisition unit configured to acquire third training data including a set of third input data and third output data having been used in training of the first neural network, wherein the training unit trains the second neural network by further using the third training data in addition to the training data. 15. A learning method performed by an information processing device, the method comprising:
generating, by a generation unit, input data with which an error between a value output from each of one or more target nodes and a preset aimed value is equal to or less than a preset value, the target nodes being in a target layer of a plurality of layers included in a first neural network; generating, by an inference unit, output data by causing the input data to propagate in a forward direction of the first neural network; and training, by a training unit, a second neural network differing from the first neural network by using training data including a set of the input data and the output data. 16. A computer program product having a computer readable medium including instructions thereon for causing an information processing device to function as a learning device, wherein the instructions cause the information processing device to function as:
a generation unit configured to generate input data with which an error between a value output from each of one or more target nodes and a preset aimed value is equal to or less than a preset value, the target nodes being in a target layer of a plurality of layers included in a first neural network; an inference unit configured to generate output data by causing the input data to propagate in a forward direction of the first neural network; and a training unit configured to train a second neural network differing from the first neural network by using training data including a set of the input data and the output data. | A learning device according to an embodiment includes one or more hardware processors configured to function as a generation unit, an inference unit, and a training unit. The generation unit generates input data with which an error between a value output from each of one or more target nodes and a preset aimed value is equal to or less than a preset value, the target nodes being in a target layer of a plurality of layers included in a first neural network. The inference unit causes the input data to propagate in a forward direction of the first neural network to generate output data. The training unit trains a second neural network differing from the first neural network by using training data including a set of the input data and the output data.1. A learning device comprising:
one or more hardware processors configured to function as: a generation unit configured to generate input data with which an error between a value output from each of one or more target nodes and a preset aimed value is equal to or less than a preset value, the target nodes being in a target layer of a plurality of layers included in a first neural network; an inference unit configured to generate output data by causing the input data to propagate in a forward direction of the first neural network; and a training unit configured to train a second neural network differing from the first neural network by using training data including a set of the input data and the output data. 2. The learning device according to claim 1, wherein
the target layer is an output layer included in the first neural network. 3. The learning device according to claim 1, wherein
for each of the one or more target nodes, the aimed value is set individually, and the generation unit generates the input data with which an error between a value output from each of the one or more target nodes in the target layer and the aimed value corresponding to the target node is equal to or less than the preset value. 4. The learning device according to claim 1, wherein
the generation unit performs: forward propagation processing of generating temporary output data by causing temporary input data to propagate in the forward direction of the first neural network; error calculation processing of calculating an error value representing an error between a value output from a corresponding target node in the forward propagation processing and the aimed value corresponding to the target node, for each of the one or more target nodes; backpropagation processing of generating input error data representing an error included in the temporary input data by causing the error value of each of the one or more target nodes to propagate in a backward direction of the first neural network; update processing of updating the temporary input data on the basis of the input error data; and control processing of repeatedly performing the forward propagation processing, the error calculation processing, the backpropagation processing, and the update processing until reaching a predetermined state, wherein the generation unit causes the temporary input data in an initial stage to propagate in the forward direction of the first neural network, in the forward propagation processing performed for the first time and causes the temporary input data having been updated in the update processing performed immediately before to propagate in the forward direction of the first neural network in the second and subsequent forward propagation processing. 5. The learning device according to claim 4, wherein
when the generation unit reaches the predetermined state, the generation unit outputs the temporary input data updated in the update processing performed immediately before, as the input data. 6. The learning device according to claim 5, wherein
the predetermined state is a state in which an error evaluation value is equal to or less than a reference value, and the error evaluation value is a value obtained by summing a magnitude of an error for the one or more target nodes and between a value output from a target node and the aimed value corresponding to the target node. 7. The learning device according to claim 4, wherein
all the temporary input data in an initial stage, acquired in the forward propagation processing performed for the first time, have a same value. 8. The learning device according to claim 4, wherein
the temporary input data in an initial stage acquired in the forward propagation processing performed for the first time has data generated on the basis of a random number. 9. The learning device according to claim 1, wherein
the second neural network receives the same type of data as the first neural network and outputs the same type of data as the first neural network. 10. The learning device according to claim 9, wherein
in the second neural network, the number of hidden layers is less than that of hidden layers in the first neural network. 11. The learning device according to claim 9, wherein
in the second neural network, the number of nodes included in at least one hidden layer is less than that of nodes included in at least one hidden layer in the first neural network. 12. The learning device according to claim 9, wherein
in the second neural network in which a parameter has low accuracy including the small number of bits, accuracy in parameter to be set is lower than that in the first neural network. 13. The learning device according to claim 1, wherein the one or more hardware processors are configured to further function as:
a conversion unit configured to generate second input data by performing conversion processing on the input data, wherein the inference unit further generates second output data by causing the second input data to propagate in the forward direction of the first neural network, and the training unit trains the second neural network by using second training data including a set of the second input data and the second output data in addition to the training data. 14. The learning device according to claim 1, wherein the one or more hardware processors are configured to further function as:
a training data acquisition unit configured to acquire third training data including a set of third input data and third output data having been used in training of the first neural network, wherein the training unit trains the second neural network by further using the third training data in addition to the training data. 15. A learning method performed by an information processing device, the method comprising:
generating, by a generation unit, input data with which an error between a value output from each of one or more target nodes and a preset aimed value is equal to or less than a preset value, the target nodes being in a target layer of a plurality of layers included in a first neural network; generating, by an inference unit, output data by causing the input data to propagate in a forward direction of the first neural network; and training, by a training unit, a second neural network differing from the first neural network by using training data including a set of the input data and the output data. 16. A computer program product having a computer readable medium including instructions thereon for causing an information processing device to function as a learning device, wherein the instructions cause the information processing device to function as:
a generation unit configured to generate input data with which an error between a value output from each of one or more target nodes and a preset aimed value is equal to or less than a preset value, the target nodes being in a target layer of a plurality of layers included in a first neural network; an inference unit configured to generate output data by causing the input data to propagate in a forward direction of the first neural network; and a training unit configured to train a second neural network differing from the first neural network by using training data including a set of the input data and the output data. | 2,800 |
340,952 | 16,801,230 | 2,837 | Amorphous coatings and coated articles having amorphous coatings are disclosed. The amorphous coating comprises a first layer and a second layer, the first layer being proximal to a metal substrate compared to the second layer, the second layer being distal from the metal substrate compared to the first layer. The first layer and the second layer comprise carbon, hydrogen, and silicon. The first layer further comprises oxygen. | 1. An amorphous coating, comprising:
a first layer and a second layer, the first layer being proximal to a metal substrate compared to the second layer, the second layer being distal from the metal substrate compared to the first layer; wherein the first layer and the second layer comprise carbon, hydrogen, and silicon; wherein the first layer further comprises oxygen. 2. An article comprising the amorphous coating of claim 1 and the metal substrate. 3. The article of claim 2, wherein the first layer has a thickness of between 0.1 micrometers and 3 micrometers. 4. The article of claim 2, wherein the first layer has a thickness of about 130 nm. 5. The article of claim 2, wherein the first layer has a thickness of between 5 nanometers and 500 nanometers. 6. The article of claim 2, wherein the first layer has a thickness of about 20 nm. 7. The article of claim 2, wherein the amorphous coating comprises Si—C groups. 8. The article of claim 2, wherein the amorphous coating comprises Si—OH groups. 9. The article of claim 2, wherein the amorphous coating comprises Si—H groups. 10. The article of claim 2, wherein the amorphous coating comprises Si—O—Si groups. 11. The article of claim 2, wherein the amorphous coating has a ratio of the Carbon:the Silicon:the Oxygen of about 1:2.25:1.75. 12. The article of claim 2, wherein the amorphous coating has a greater concentration of the silicon than the oxygen. 13. The article of claim 2, wherein the amorphous coating has a greater concentration of the oxygen than the carbon. 14. The article of claim 2, wherein the first layer has a greater concentration of the silicon than the carbon. 15. The article of claim 2, wherein the amorphous coating has a thickness of between 200 nm and 5,000 nm, a wear resistance between about 13×10−5 mm3/Nm and about 0.5×10−5 mm3/Nm, and a coefficient of friction between about 0.58 and about 0.05. 16. The article of claim 2, wherein the article is a piston head, a piston cylinder, tubing, a fitting, a rotary valves, a ball valve, a slide valve, an injector, a piston ring, a sliding o-ring, a cylinder, a regulator, a mixing system, a sampling apparatus, or an analytical system. 17. An amorphous coating, comprising:
a first layer and a second layer, the first layer being proximal to a metal substrate compared to the second layer, the second layer being distal from the metal substrate compared to the first layer; wherein the first layer and the second layer comprise carbon, hydrogen, and silicon; wherein the first layer further comprises oxygen; wherein the first layer has a thickness of between 0.1 micrometers and 3 micrometers; wherein the amorphous coating comprises Si—C groups, Si—OH groups, Si—H groups, and Si—O—Si groups; wherein the amorphous coating has a greater concentration of the silicon than the oxygen, a greater concentration of the oxygen than the carbon, and a greater concentration of the silicon than the carbon. | Amorphous coatings and coated articles having amorphous coatings are disclosed. The amorphous coating comprises a first layer and a second layer, the first layer being proximal to a metal substrate compared to the second layer, the second layer being distal from the metal substrate compared to the first layer. The first layer and the second layer comprise carbon, hydrogen, and silicon. The first layer further comprises oxygen.1. An amorphous coating, comprising:
a first layer and a second layer, the first layer being proximal to a metal substrate compared to the second layer, the second layer being distal from the metal substrate compared to the first layer; wherein the first layer and the second layer comprise carbon, hydrogen, and silicon; wherein the first layer further comprises oxygen. 2. An article comprising the amorphous coating of claim 1 and the metal substrate. 3. The article of claim 2, wherein the first layer has a thickness of between 0.1 micrometers and 3 micrometers. 4. The article of claim 2, wherein the first layer has a thickness of about 130 nm. 5. The article of claim 2, wherein the first layer has a thickness of between 5 nanometers and 500 nanometers. 6. The article of claim 2, wherein the first layer has a thickness of about 20 nm. 7. The article of claim 2, wherein the amorphous coating comprises Si—C groups. 8. The article of claim 2, wherein the amorphous coating comprises Si—OH groups. 9. The article of claim 2, wherein the amorphous coating comprises Si—H groups. 10. The article of claim 2, wherein the amorphous coating comprises Si—O—Si groups. 11. The article of claim 2, wherein the amorphous coating has a ratio of the Carbon:the Silicon:the Oxygen of about 1:2.25:1.75. 12. The article of claim 2, wherein the amorphous coating has a greater concentration of the silicon than the oxygen. 13. The article of claim 2, wherein the amorphous coating has a greater concentration of the oxygen than the carbon. 14. The article of claim 2, wherein the first layer has a greater concentration of the silicon than the carbon. 15. The article of claim 2, wherein the amorphous coating has a thickness of between 200 nm and 5,000 nm, a wear resistance between about 13×10−5 mm3/Nm and about 0.5×10−5 mm3/Nm, and a coefficient of friction between about 0.58 and about 0.05. 16. The article of claim 2, wherein the article is a piston head, a piston cylinder, tubing, a fitting, a rotary valves, a ball valve, a slide valve, an injector, a piston ring, a sliding o-ring, a cylinder, a regulator, a mixing system, a sampling apparatus, or an analytical system. 17. An amorphous coating, comprising:
a first layer and a second layer, the first layer being proximal to a metal substrate compared to the second layer, the second layer being distal from the metal substrate compared to the first layer; wherein the first layer and the second layer comprise carbon, hydrogen, and silicon; wherein the first layer further comprises oxygen; wherein the first layer has a thickness of between 0.1 micrometers and 3 micrometers; wherein the amorphous coating comprises Si—C groups, Si—OH groups, Si—H groups, and Si—O—Si groups; wherein the amorphous coating has a greater concentration of the silicon than the oxygen, a greater concentration of the oxygen than the carbon, and a greater concentration of the silicon than the carbon. | 2,800 |
340,953 | 16,801,244 | 2,654 | Audio based transactions are getting more popular and are envisaged to become common in years to come. With the rise in data protection regulations, muting portions of the audio files is necessary to hide sensitive information from an eavesdropper or accidental hearing by an entity who gets unauthorized access to these audio files. However, it is realized that deleted transaction information in a muted audio files make audit of the transaction challenging and impossible. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods of muting audio information in multimedia files and retrieval thereof which is masked and further allows for reconstruction of the original audio conversation or restoration Private to an Entity (P2aE) information without original audio reconstruction when auditing is being exercised. | 1. A processor implemented method, comprising:
receiving conversation between multiple users, wherein the conversation is obtained from a multimedia file comprising an audio file or a video with the audio file; analyzing the conversation to identify Private to an Entity (P2aE) text information in the conversation; determining a mapping of the Private to an Entity (P2aE) text information and corresponding actual location and duration thereof in the audio file; assigning a marker to the actual location and duration of the P2aE text information in a spectrogram created from the audio file; extracting a spectrogram image of an extracted audio file obtained based on the marker being assigned, wherein the extracted audio file is a portion of the received audio file; creating an image of the P2aE text information, and encrypting the image thereof to obtain an encrypted image; substituting portion of the extracted spectrogram image of the extracted audio file with the encrypted image based on the actual location and the duration specific to the P2aE text information to obtain a modified spectrogram; and reconstructing the audio file using the modified spectrogram to obtain a reconstructed audio file. 2. The processor implemented method of claim 1, wherein size of the created image of the P2aE text information is identical to duration of the extracted audio file 3. The processor implemented method of claim 1, further comprising generating a spectrogram of the reconstructed audio file. 4. The processor implemented method of claim 1, further comprising decrypting the actual location and duration of the P2aE text information from the spectrogram of the reconstructed audio file using an associated decryption key to obtain an interpretable P2aE text information. 5. The processor implemented method of claim 4, wherein the interpretable P2aE text information is of an image format. 6. The processor implemented method of claim 1, wherein the step of analyzing the conversation to identify Private to an Entity (P2aE) text information in the conversation comprises performing analysis of inter and intra text information within the conversation. 7. A system, comprising:
a memory storing instructions; one or more communication interfaces; and one or more hardware processors coupled to the memory via the one or more communication interfaces, wherein the one or more hardware processors are configured by the instructions to:
receive conversation between multiple users, wherein the conversation is obtained from a multimedia file comprising an audio file or a video with the audio file;
analyze the conversation to identify Private to an Entity (P2aE) text information in the conversation;
determine a mapping of the Private to an Entity (P2aE) text information and corresponding actual location and duration thereof in the audio file;
assign a marker to the actual location and duration of the P2aE text information in a spectrogram created from the audio file;
extract a spectrogram image of an extracted audio file obtained based on the marker being assigned, wherein the extracted audio file is a portion of the received audio file;
create an image of the P2aE text information, and encrypting the image thereof to obtain an encrypted image;
substitute portion of the extracted spectrogram image of the extracted audio file with the encrypted image based on the actual location and the duration specific to the P2aE text information to obtain a modified spectrogram; and
reconstruct the audio file using the modified spectrogram to obtain a reconstructed audio file. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein size of the created image of the P2aE text information is identical to duration of the extracted audio file. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more hardware processors are further configured by the instructions to generate a spectrogram of the reconstructed audio file. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more hardware processors are further configured by the instructions to decrypt the actual location and duration of the P2aE text information from the spectrogram of the reconstructed audio file using an associated decryption key to obtain an interpretable P2aE text information. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the interpretable P2aE text information is of an image format. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the conversation is analyzed to identify Private to an Entity (P2aE) text information in the conversation by performing analysis of inter and intra text information within the conversation. 13. One or more non-transitory machine readable information storage mediums comprising one or more instructions which when executed by one or more hardware processors cause muting audio information in multimedia files and retrieval thereof, by:
receiving conversation corresponding to multiple users, wherein the conversation is obtained from a multimedia file comprising an audio file or a video with the audio file; analyzing the conversation to identify Private to an Entity (P2aE) text information in the conversation; determining a mapping of the Private to an Entity (P2aE) text information and corresponding actual location and duration thereof in the audio file; assigning a marker to the actual location and duration of the P2aE text information in a spectrogram created from the audio file; extracting a spectrogram image of an extracted audio file (that needs to be muted) obtained based on the marker being assigned, wherein the extracted audio file is a portion of the received audio file; creating an image of the P2aE text information, and encrypting the image thereof to obtain an encrypted image; substituting portion of the extracted spectrogram image of the extracted audio file with the encrypted image based on the actual location and the duration specific to the P2aE text information to obtain a modified spectrogram; and reconstructing the audio file using the modified spectrogram to obtain a reconstructed audio file. 14. The one or more non-transitory machine readable information storage mediums of claim 13, wherein size of the created image of the P2aE text information is identical to duration of the extracted audio file 15. The one or more non-transitory machine readable information storage mediums of claim 13, wherein the one or more instructions which when executed by the one or more hardware processors further cause generating a spectrogram of the reconstructed audio file. 16. The one or more non-transitory machine readable information storage mediums of claim 13, wherein the one or more instructions which when executed by the one or more hardware processors further cause decrypting the actual location and duration of the P2aE text information from the spectrogram of the reconstructed audio file using an associated decryption key to obtain an interpretable P2aE text information. 17. The one or more non-transitory machine readable information storage mediums of claim 16, wherein the interpretable P2aE text information is of an image format. 18. The one or more non-transitory machine readable information storage mediums of claim 13, wherein the step of analyzing the conversation to identify Private to an Entity (P2aE) text information in the conversation comprises performing analysis of inter and intra text information within the conversation. | Audio based transactions are getting more popular and are envisaged to become common in years to come. With the rise in data protection regulations, muting portions of the audio files is necessary to hide sensitive information from an eavesdropper or accidental hearing by an entity who gets unauthorized access to these audio files. However, it is realized that deleted transaction information in a muted audio files make audit of the transaction challenging and impossible. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods of muting audio information in multimedia files and retrieval thereof which is masked and further allows for reconstruction of the original audio conversation or restoration Private to an Entity (P2aE) information without original audio reconstruction when auditing is being exercised.1. A processor implemented method, comprising:
receiving conversation between multiple users, wherein the conversation is obtained from a multimedia file comprising an audio file or a video with the audio file; analyzing the conversation to identify Private to an Entity (P2aE) text information in the conversation; determining a mapping of the Private to an Entity (P2aE) text information and corresponding actual location and duration thereof in the audio file; assigning a marker to the actual location and duration of the P2aE text information in a spectrogram created from the audio file; extracting a spectrogram image of an extracted audio file obtained based on the marker being assigned, wherein the extracted audio file is a portion of the received audio file; creating an image of the P2aE text information, and encrypting the image thereof to obtain an encrypted image; substituting portion of the extracted spectrogram image of the extracted audio file with the encrypted image based on the actual location and the duration specific to the P2aE text information to obtain a modified spectrogram; and reconstructing the audio file using the modified spectrogram to obtain a reconstructed audio file. 2. The processor implemented method of claim 1, wherein size of the created image of the P2aE text information is identical to duration of the extracted audio file 3. The processor implemented method of claim 1, further comprising generating a spectrogram of the reconstructed audio file. 4. The processor implemented method of claim 1, further comprising decrypting the actual location and duration of the P2aE text information from the spectrogram of the reconstructed audio file using an associated decryption key to obtain an interpretable P2aE text information. 5. The processor implemented method of claim 4, wherein the interpretable P2aE text information is of an image format. 6. The processor implemented method of claim 1, wherein the step of analyzing the conversation to identify Private to an Entity (P2aE) text information in the conversation comprises performing analysis of inter and intra text information within the conversation. 7. A system, comprising:
a memory storing instructions; one or more communication interfaces; and one or more hardware processors coupled to the memory via the one or more communication interfaces, wherein the one or more hardware processors are configured by the instructions to:
receive conversation between multiple users, wherein the conversation is obtained from a multimedia file comprising an audio file or a video with the audio file;
analyze the conversation to identify Private to an Entity (P2aE) text information in the conversation;
determine a mapping of the Private to an Entity (P2aE) text information and corresponding actual location and duration thereof in the audio file;
assign a marker to the actual location and duration of the P2aE text information in a spectrogram created from the audio file;
extract a spectrogram image of an extracted audio file obtained based on the marker being assigned, wherein the extracted audio file is a portion of the received audio file;
create an image of the P2aE text information, and encrypting the image thereof to obtain an encrypted image;
substitute portion of the extracted spectrogram image of the extracted audio file with the encrypted image based on the actual location and the duration specific to the P2aE text information to obtain a modified spectrogram; and
reconstruct the audio file using the modified spectrogram to obtain a reconstructed audio file. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein size of the created image of the P2aE text information is identical to duration of the extracted audio file. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more hardware processors are further configured by the instructions to generate a spectrogram of the reconstructed audio file. 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more hardware processors are further configured by the instructions to decrypt the actual location and duration of the P2aE text information from the spectrogram of the reconstructed audio file using an associated decryption key to obtain an interpretable P2aE text information. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the interpretable P2aE text information is of an image format. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the conversation is analyzed to identify Private to an Entity (P2aE) text information in the conversation by performing analysis of inter and intra text information within the conversation. 13. One or more non-transitory machine readable information storage mediums comprising one or more instructions which when executed by one or more hardware processors cause muting audio information in multimedia files and retrieval thereof, by:
receiving conversation corresponding to multiple users, wherein the conversation is obtained from a multimedia file comprising an audio file or a video with the audio file; analyzing the conversation to identify Private to an Entity (P2aE) text information in the conversation; determining a mapping of the Private to an Entity (P2aE) text information and corresponding actual location and duration thereof in the audio file; assigning a marker to the actual location and duration of the P2aE text information in a spectrogram created from the audio file; extracting a spectrogram image of an extracted audio file (that needs to be muted) obtained based on the marker being assigned, wherein the extracted audio file is a portion of the received audio file; creating an image of the P2aE text information, and encrypting the image thereof to obtain an encrypted image; substituting portion of the extracted spectrogram image of the extracted audio file with the encrypted image based on the actual location and the duration specific to the P2aE text information to obtain a modified spectrogram; and reconstructing the audio file using the modified spectrogram to obtain a reconstructed audio file. 14. The one or more non-transitory machine readable information storage mediums of claim 13, wherein size of the created image of the P2aE text information is identical to duration of the extracted audio file 15. The one or more non-transitory machine readable information storage mediums of claim 13, wherein the one or more instructions which when executed by the one or more hardware processors further cause generating a spectrogram of the reconstructed audio file. 16. The one or more non-transitory machine readable information storage mediums of claim 13, wherein the one or more instructions which when executed by the one or more hardware processors further cause decrypting the actual location and duration of the P2aE text information from the spectrogram of the reconstructed audio file using an associated decryption key to obtain an interpretable P2aE text information. 17. The one or more non-transitory machine readable information storage mediums of claim 16, wherein the interpretable P2aE text information is of an image format. 18. The one or more non-transitory machine readable information storage mediums of claim 13, wherein the step of analyzing the conversation to identify Private to an Entity (P2aE) text information in the conversation comprises performing analysis of inter and intra text information within the conversation. | 2,600 |
340,954 | 16,801,231 | 2,828 | Systems and methods disclosed herein include an illumination module for 3D sensing applications. The illumination module may include an array of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting light, a driver configured to provide current to the array of VCSELs, and an optical element configured to receive the light emitted by the array of VCSELs and output a light pattern from the illumination module. | 1. An illumination module, comprising:
an array of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting light; a driver configured to provide current to the array of VCSELs; and an optical element configured to receive the light emitted by the array of VCSELs and output a light pattern from the illumination module. 2. The illumination module of claim 1, wherein at least one VCSEL in the array of VCSELs comprises a multi junction VCSEL. 3. The illumination module of claim 2, wherein the at least one VCSEL includes an integrated heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). 4. The illumination module of claim 1, wherein the array of VCSELs share a common anode. 5. The illumination module of claim 4, wherein at least one VCSEL in the array of VCSELs comprises a multi junction VCSEL. 6. The illumination module of claim 4, wherein the array of VCSELs are bottom-emitting VCSELs. 7. The illumination module of claim 1, wherein at least one VCSEL in the array of VCSELs includes an integrated HBT. 8. The illumination module of claim 7, wherein the at least one VCSEL is a bottom-emitting VCSEL. 9. The illumination module of claim 7, wherein the at least one VCSEL shares a common anode with at least one other VCSEL in the array of VCSELs. 10. The illumination module of claim 1, wherein each VCSEL in the array of VCSELs includes an integrated HBT and the array of VCSELs comprises a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns. 11. The illumination module of claim 10, wherein each VCSEL in each row shares a common emitter of the integrated HBT and each VCSEL in each column share a common base of the integrated HBT such that each VCSEL in the array of VCSELs is individually addressable. 12. The illumination module of claim 10, wherein at least one VCSEL in the array of VCSELs is a multi junction VCSEL. 13. The illumination module of claim 10, wherein at least two VSCELs in the array of VCSELs share a common anode. 14. The illumination module of claim 1, wherein the array of VCSELs is segmented into a first segment of VCSELs configured to emit light and a second segment of VCSELs configured to detect light emitted by the first segment of VCSELs. 15. The illumination module of claim 14, wherein the first segment of VCSELs are forward biased and the second segment of VCSELs are reverse biased. 16. The illumination module of claim 14, wherein at least one VCSEL in first segment of VCSELs is a multi junction VCSEL. 17. The illumination module of claim 14, wherein at least one VCSEL in the first segment of VCSELs includes an integrated HBT. 18. The illumination module of claim 1, wherein the optical element is integrated into the array of VCSELs. 19. The illumination module of claim 18, wherein the optical element is deposited onto a substrate of the array of VCSELs. 20. The illumination module of claim 18, further comprising a photodetector located adjacent to the array of VCSELs. 21. The illumination module of claim 18, further comprising a photodetector located on top of the optical element. 22. The illumination module of claim 18, wherein the array of VCSELs is segmented into a first segment of VCSELs configured to emit light and a second segment of VCSELs configured to detect light emitted by the first segment of VCSELs. 23. The illumination module of claim 18, wherein at least one VCSEL in the array of VCSELs is a multi junction VCSEL. 24. The illumination module of claim 18, wherein at least two VSCELs in the array of VCSELs share a common anode. 25. The illumination module of claim 18, wherein at least one VCSEL in the array of VCSELs includes an integrated HBT. 26. The illumination module of claim 18, wherein the array of VCSELs is flip-chip bonded on a substrate that includes the driver and a photodetector. 27. The illumination module of claim 18, wherein the array of VCSELs is flip-chip bonded on a silicon interposer that is connected to the driver, wherein the silicon interposer includes a photodetector. | Systems and methods disclosed herein include an illumination module for 3D sensing applications. The illumination module may include an array of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting light, a driver configured to provide current to the array of VCSELs, and an optical element configured to receive the light emitted by the array of VCSELs and output a light pattern from the illumination module.1. An illumination module, comprising:
an array of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting light; a driver configured to provide current to the array of VCSELs; and an optical element configured to receive the light emitted by the array of VCSELs and output a light pattern from the illumination module. 2. The illumination module of claim 1, wherein at least one VCSEL in the array of VCSELs comprises a multi junction VCSEL. 3. The illumination module of claim 2, wherein the at least one VCSEL includes an integrated heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). 4. The illumination module of claim 1, wherein the array of VCSELs share a common anode. 5. The illumination module of claim 4, wherein at least one VCSEL in the array of VCSELs comprises a multi junction VCSEL. 6. The illumination module of claim 4, wherein the array of VCSELs are bottom-emitting VCSELs. 7. The illumination module of claim 1, wherein at least one VCSEL in the array of VCSELs includes an integrated HBT. 8. The illumination module of claim 7, wherein the at least one VCSEL is a bottom-emitting VCSEL. 9. The illumination module of claim 7, wherein the at least one VCSEL shares a common anode with at least one other VCSEL in the array of VCSELs. 10. The illumination module of claim 1, wherein each VCSEL in the array of VCSELs includes an integrated HBT and the array of VCSELs comprises a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns. 11. The illumination module of claim 10, wherein each VCSEL in each row shares a common emitter of the integrated HBT and each VCSEL in each column share a common base of the integrated HBT such that each VCSEL in the array of VCSELs is individually addressable. 12. The illumination module of claim 10, wherein at least one VCSEL in the array of VCSELs is a multi junction VCSEL. 13. The illumination module of claim 10, wherein at least two VSCELs in the array of VCSELs share a common anode. 14. The illumination module of claim 1, wherein the array of VCSELs is segmented into a first segment of VCSELs configured to emit light and a second segment of VCSELs configured to detect light emitted by the first segment of VCSELs. 15. The illumination module of claim 14, wherein the first segment of VCSELs are forward biased and the second segment of VCSELs are reverse biased. 16. The illumination module of claim 14, wherein at least one VCSEL in first segment of VCSELs is a multi junction VCSEL. 17. The illumination module of claim 14, wherein at least one VCSEL in the first segment of VCSELs includes an integrated HBT. 18. The illumination module of claim 1, wherein the optical element is integrated into the array of VCSELs. 19. The illumination module of claim 18, wherein the optical element is deposited onto a substrate of the array of VCSELs. 20. The illumination module of claim 18, further comprising a photodetector located adjacent to the array of VCSELs. 21. The illumination module of claim 18, further comprising a photodetector located on top of the optical element. 22. The illumination module of claim 18, wherein the array of VCSELs is segmented into a first segment of VCSELs configured to emit light and a second segment of VCSELs configured to detect light emitted by the first segment of VCSELs. 23. The illumination module of claim 18, wherein at least one VCSEL in the array of VCSELs is a multi junction VCSEL. 24. The illumination module of claim 18, wherein at least two VSCELs in the array of VCSELs share a common anode. 25. The illumination module of claim 18, wherein at least one VCSEL in the array of VCSELs includes an integrated HBT. 26. The illumination module of claim 18, wherein the array of VCSELs is flip-chip bonded on a substrate that includes the driver and a photodetector. 27. The illumination module of claim 18, wherein the array of VCSELs is flip-chip bonded on a silicon interposer that is connected to the driver, wherein the silicon interposer includes a photodetector. | 2,800 |
340,955 | 16,801,194 | 2,828 | A vehicle control system includes: a recognizer that recognizes a surrounding environment of a vehicle; and a driving controller that performs speed control and steering control of the vehicle automatically on the basis of a recognition result obtained by the recognizer. When the vehicle is moved to a boarding position at which an occupant boards the vehicle and is stopped, the driving controller stops the vehicle on the basis of at least one of weather information at the boarding position, a state of the occupant recognized by the recognizer, and an environment of the boarding position recognized by the recognizer and determines a stopping position of the vehicle according to the environment of the boarding position or the state of the occupant when the weather information is a predetermined state. | 1. A vehicle control system comprising:
a recognizer that recognizes a surrounding environment of a vehicle; and a driving controller that performs speed control and steering control of the vehicle automatically on the basis of a recognition result obtained by the recognizer, wherein when the vehicle is moved to a boarding position at which an occupant boards the vehicle and is stopped, the driving controller stops the vehicle on the basis of at least one of weather information at the boarding position, a state of the occupant recognized by the recognizer, and an environment of the boarding position recognized by the recognizer and determines a stopping position of the vehicle according to the environment of the boarding position or the state of the occupant when the weather information is a predetermined state. 2. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein
the environment of the boarding position includes the presence of eaves at the boarding position, and when the weather information indicates that the weather at the boarding position is bad, the driving controller determines the stopping position of the vehicle on the basis of the presence of eaves recognized by the recognizer and the state of the occupant. 3. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein
the state of the occupant includes luggage carried by the occupant or an appearance of the occupant, and when the luggage recognized by the recognizer is luggage which is desirably not exposed to an external environment or when the appearance of the occupant recognized by the recognizer is an appearance which is desirably not exposed to an external environment, the driving controller stops the vehicle at a position at which the occupant is not or hardly influenced by the external environment. 4. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein
the environment of the boarding position includes a degree of sunlight at the boarding position, and when the degree of sunlight recognized by the recognizer is determined to be equal to or larger than a predetermined reference value, the driving controller stops the vehicle at a position at which the occupant is not or hardly hit by sunlight. 5. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein
the environment of the boarding position includes a degree of sunlight at the boarding position, the system further includes an estimator that estimates the degree of sunlight at the boarding position in each time period, and when the degree of sunlight estimated by the estimator is determined to be equal to or larger than a predetermined reference value, the driving controller stops the vehicle at a position at which the occupant is not or hardly hit by sunlight. 6. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein
when a plurality of boarding positions are present, the driving controller stops the vehicle near a boarding position of which the environment is recognized to be better than the other boarding positions by the recognizer. 7. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein
when an influence of an external environment recognized by the recognizer is larger than a predetermined reference, the driving controller executes a process of determining a stopping position of the vehicle. 8. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a notificator that notifies a terminal device carried by the occupant of various pieces of information, wherein the driving controller moves and stops the vehicle at a boarding position at an instruction time instructed by the occupant, and when the weather information indicates that the weather at the instruction time is bad, the notificator notifies the terminal device of information proposing to change the instruction time. 9. The vehicle control system according to claim 8, wherein
the notificator sends a notification to the terminal device, the notification being related to asking whether the occupant will board the vehicle at a boarding position at which the occupant is not or hardly influenced by the external environment or a boarding position at which the occupant is influenced by the external environment, and the driving controller stops the vehicle at a position at which the occupant is not or hardly influenced by the external environment or a position at which the occupant is influenced by the external environment on the basis of information acquired from the terminal device in response to the notification of the notificator. 10. The vehicle control system according to claim 9, wherein
when the vehicle is moved to a boarding position at which an occupant boards the vehicle and is stopped, the notificator sends a notification related to asking if congestion is expected at a boarding position at which the occupant is not or hardly influenced by the external environment. 11. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, further comprising:
an illumination controller that controls an illumination provided in the vehicle, wherein when the vehicle is moved to the boarding position by the driving controller and the occupant of the vehicle is recognized by the recognizer, the illumination controller lights the illumination according to a predetermined lighting mode to notify the occupant of arrival of the vehicle. 12. A vehicle control method for causing a computer to execute:
recognizing a surrounding environment of a vehicle; automatically performing speed control and steering control of the vehicle on the basis of a recognition result; when the vehicle is moved to a boarding position at which an occupant boards the vehicle and is stopped, stopping the vehicle on the basis of at least one of weather information at the boarding position, a recognized state of the occupant, and a recognized environment of the boarding position; and determining a stopping position of the vehicle according to the environment at the boarding position or the state of the occupant when the weather information is a predetermined state. 13. A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute:
recognizing a surrounding environment of a vehicle; automatically performing speed control and steering control of the vehicle on the basis of a recognition result; when the vehicle is moved to a boarding position at which an occupant boards the vehicle and is stopped, stopping the vehicle on the basis of at least one of weather information at the boarding position, a recognized state of the occupant, and a recognized environment of the boarding position; and determining a stopping position of the vehicle according to the environment at the boarding position or the state of the occupant when the weather information is a predetermined state. | A vehicle control system includes: a recognizer that recognizes a surrounding environment of a vehicle; and a driving controller that performs speed control and steering control of the vehicle automatically on the basis of a recognition result obtained by the recognizer. When the vehicle is moved to a boarding position at which an occupant boards the vehicle and is stopped, the driving controller stops the vehicle on the basis of at least one of weather information at the boarding position, a state of the occupant recognized by the recognizer, and an environment of the boarding position recognized by the recognizer and determines a stopping position of the vehicle according to the environment of the boarding position or the state of the occupant when the weather information is a predetermined state.1. A vehicle control system comprising:
a recognizer that recognizes a surrounding environment of a vehicle; and a driving controller that performs speed control and steering control of the vehicle automatically on the basis of a recognition result obtained by the recognizer, wherein when the vehicle is moved to a boarding position at which an occupant boards the vehicle and is stopped, the driving controller stops the vehicle on the basis of at least one of weather information at the boarding position, a state of the occupant recognized by the recognizer, and an environment of the boarding position recognized by the recognizer and determines a stopping position of the vehicle according to the environment of the boarding position or the state of the occupant when the weather information is a predetermined state. 2. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein
the environment of the boarding position includes the presence of eaves at the boarding position, and when the weather information indicates that the weather at the boarding position is bad, the driving controller determines the stopping position of the vehicle on the basis of the presence of eaves recognized by the recognizer and the state of the occupant. 3. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein
the state of the occupant includes luggage carried by the occupant or an appearance of the occupant, and when the luggage recognized by the recognizer is luggage which is desirably not exposed to an external environment or when the appearance of the occupant recognized by the recognizer is an appearance which is desirably not exposed to an external environment, the driving controller stops the vehicle at a position at which the occupant is not or hardly influenced by the external environment. 4. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein
the environment of the boarding position includes a degree of sunlight at the boarding position, and when the degree of sunlight recognized by the recognizer is determined to be equal to or larger than a predetermined reference value, the driving controller stops the vehicle at a position at which the occupant is not or hardly hit by sunlight. 5. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein
the environment of the boarding position includes a degree of sunlight at the boarding position, the system further includes an estimator that estimates the degree of sunlight at the boarding position in each time period, and when the degree of sunlight estimated by the estimator is determined to be equal to or larger than a predetermined reference value, the driving controller stops the vehicle at a position at which the occupant is not or hardly hit by sunlight. 6. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein
when a plurality of boarding positions are present, the driving controller stops the vehicle near a boarding position of which the environment is recognized to be better than the other boarding positions by the recognizer. 7. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, wherein
when an influence of an external environment recognized by the recognizer is larger than a predetermined reference, the driving controller executes a process of determining a stopping position of the vehicle. 8. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a notificator that notifies a terminal device carried by the occupant of various pieces of information, wherein the driving controller moves and stops the vehicle at a boarding position at an instruction time instructed by the occupant, and when the weather information indicates that the weather at the instruction time is bad, the notificator notifies the terminal device of information proposing to change the instruction time. 9. The vehicle control system according to claim 8, wherein
the notificator sends a notification to the terminal device, the notification being related to asking whether the occupant will board the vehicle at a boarding position at which the occupant is not or hardly influenced by the external environment or a boarding position at which the occupant is influenced by the external environment, and the driving controller stops the vehicle at a position at which the occupant is not or hardly influenced by the external environment or a position at which the occupant is influenced by the external environment on the basis of information acquired from the terminal device in response to the notification of the notificator. 10. The vehicle control system according to claim 9, wherein
when the vehicle is moved to a boarding position at which an occupant boards the vehicle and is stopped, the notificator sends a notification related to asking if congestion is expected at a boarding position at which the occupant is not or hardly influenced by the external environment. 11. The vehicle control system according to claim 1, further comprising:
an illumination controller that controls an illumination provided in the vehicle, wherein when the vehicle is moved to the boarding position by the driving controller and the occupant of the vehicle is recognized by the recognizer, the illumination controller lights the illumination according to a predetermined lighting mode to notify the occupant of arrival of the vehicle. 12. A vehicle control method for causing a computer to execute:
recognizing a surrounding environment of a vehicle; automatically performing speed control and steering control of the vehicle on the basis of a recognition result; when the vehicle is moved to a boarding position at which an occupant boards the vehicle and is stopped, stopping the vehicle on the basis of at least one of weather information at the boarding position, a recognized state of the occupant, and a recognized environment of the boarding position; and determining a stopping position of the vehicle according to the environment at the boarding position or the state of the occupant when the weather information is a predetermined state. 13. A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute:
recognizing a surrounding environment of a vehicle; automatically performing speed control and steering control of the vehicle on the basis of a recognition result; when the vehicle is moved to a boarding position at which an occupant boards the vehicle and is stopped, stopping the vehicle on the basis of at least one of weather information at the boarding position, a recognized state of the occupant, and a recognized environment of the boarding position; and determining a stopping position of the vehicle according to the environment at the boarding position or the state of the occupant when the weather information is a predetermined state. | 2,800 |
340,956 | 16,801,205 | 2,828 | A device for damping hydrosound in liquid having a frequency range emitted from a sound-emitting body in the liquid includes: a plurality of individual gas volumes distributed in the liquid in an area of the sound-emitting body and at a distance from each other, each of the individual gas volumes being operable to reduce the hydrosound through resonant oscillations; and at least one mass body disposed in the liquid, the individual gas volumes being connected to the at least one mass body so as to prevent the individual gas volumes from rising up in the liquid. | 1. A device for damping hydrosound in liquid having a frequency range emitted from a sound-emitting body in the liquid, the device comprising:
a plurality of individual gas volumes distributed in the liquid in an area of the sound-emitting body and at a distance from each other, wherein each of the individual gas volumes is operable to reduce the hydrosound through resonant oscillations; and at least one mass body disposed in the liquid, the individual gas volumes being connected to the at least one mass body so as to prevent the individual gas volumes from rising up in the liquid. 2. The device as recited in claim 1, wherein at least a first individual gas volume of the plurality of individual gas volumes comprises a same gas as at least a second individual gas volume of the plurality of individual gas volumes, and/or at least the first individual gas volume is at a same pressure as at least the second individual gas volume. 3. The device as recited in claim 1, further comprising at least one floating body connected to the individual gas volumes. 4. The device as recited in claim 1, further comprising a plurality of carrier elements attached to the individual gas volumes. 5. The device as recited in claim 4, wherein the individual gas volumes are disposed along the carrier elements so as to be positioned at different depths within the water. 6. The device as recited in claim 5, wherein the individual gas volumes are connected to the at least one mass body by the carrier elements. 7. A device for damping hydrosound in liquid having a frequency range emitted from a sound-emitting body in the liquid, the device comprising:
a plurality of individual gas volumes distributed in the liquid in an area of the sound-emitting body, wherein each of the individual gas volumes is operable to reduce the hydrosound through resonant oscillations; and at least one carrier element attached to the individual gas volumes, the individual gas volumes being arranged at a distance from one another along the carrier element. 8. The device as recited in claim 7, wherein at least a first individual gas volume of the plurality of individual gas volumes comprises a same gas as at least a second individual gas volume of the plurality of individual gas volumes, and/or at least the first individual gas volume is at a same pressure as at least the second individual gas volume. 9. The device as recited in claim 7, further comprising at least one mass body disposed in the liquid, the individual gas volumes being connected to the at least one mass body so as to prevent the individual gas volumes from rising up in the liquid. 10. The device as recited in claim 9, wherein the individual gas volumes are connected to the at least one mass body by the at least one carrier element. 11. The device as recited in claim 7, wherein the individual gas volumes are disposed along the at least one carrier element so as to be positioned at different depths within the water. 12. The device as recited in claim 7, further comprising at least one floating body connected to the individual gas volumes. 13. A device for damping hydrosound in liquid having a frequency range emitted from a sound-emitting body in the liquid, the device comprising:
a plurality of gas bubbles distributed in the liquid in an area of the sound-emitting body and at a distance from each other, wherein each of the gas bubbles is operable to reduce the hydrosound through resonant oscillations; and at least one mass body disposed in the liquid, the gas bubbles being connected to the at least one mass body so as to prevent the gas bubbles from rising up in the liquid. 14. The device as recited in claim 13, wherein at least a first gas bubble of the plurality of gas bubbles comprises a same gas as at least a second gas bubble of the plurality of gas bubbles, and/or at least the first individual gas bubble is at a same pressure as at least the second gas bubble. 15. The device as recited in claim 13, further comprising at least one floating body connected to the gas bubbles. 16. The device as recited in claim 13, further comprising a plurality of carrier elements attached to the gas bubbles. 17. The device as recited in claim 16, wherein the gas bubbles are disposed along the carrier elements so as to be positioned at different depths within the water. 18. The device as recited in claim 17, wherein the gas bubbles are connected to the at least one mass body by the carrier elements. 19. A device for damping hydrosound in liquid having a frequency range emitted from a sound-emitting body in the liquid, the device comprising:
a plurality of gas bubbles distributed in the liquid in an area of the sound-emitting body, wherein each of the gas bubbles is operable to reduce the hydrosound through resonant oscillations; and at least one carrier element attached to the gas bubbles, the gas bubbles being arranged at a distance from one another along the carrier element. 20. The device as recited in claim 19, wherein at least a first gas bubble of the plurality of gas bubbles comprises a same gas as at least a second gas bubble of the plurality of gas bubbles, and/or at least the first individual gas bubble is at a same pressure as at least the second gas bubble. 21. The device as recited in claim 19, further comprising at least one mass body disposed in the liquid, the gas bubbles being connected to the at least one mass body so as to prevent the gas bubbles from rising up in the liquid. 22. The device as recited in claim 21, wherein the gas bubbles are connected to the at least one mass body by the at least one carrier element. 23. The device as recited in claim 19, wherein the gas bubbles are disposed along the at least one carrier element so as to be positioned at different depths within the water. 24. The device as recited in claim 19, further comprising at least one floating body connected to the gas bubbles. 25. A device for damping hydrosound in liquid having a frequency range emitted from a sound-emitting body in the liquid, the device comprising:
a plurality of tunable resonators distributed in the liquid in an area of the sound-emitting body and at a distance from each other, wherein each of the tunable resonators is operable to reduce the hydrosound through resonant oscillations; and at least one mass body disposed in the liquid, the tunable resonators being connected to the at least one mass body so as to prevent the tunable resonators from rising up in the liquid. 26. The device as recited in claim 25, wherein at least a first tunable resonator of the plurality of tunable resonators comprises a same gas as at least a second tunable resonator of the plurality of tunable resonators, and/or at least the first tunable resonator is at a same pressure as at least the second tunable resonator. 27. The device as recited in claim 25, further comprising at least one floating body connected to the tunable resonators. 28. The device as recited in claim 25, further comprising a plurality of carrier elements attached to the tunable resonators. 29. The device as recited in claim 28, wherein the tunable resonators are disposed along the carrier elements so as to be positioned at different depths within the water. 30. The device as recited in claim 29, wherein the tunable resonators are connected to the at least one mass body by the carrier elements. 31. A device for damping hydrosound in liquid having a frequency range emitted from a sound-emitting body in the liquid, the device comprising:
a plurality of tunable resonators distributed in the liquid in an area of the sound-emitting body, wherein each of the tunable resonators is operable to reduce the hydrosound through resonant oscillations; and at least one carrier element attached to the tunable resonators, the tunable resonators being arranged at a distance from one another along the carrier element. 32. The device as recited in claim 31, wherein at least a first tunable resonator of the plurality of tunable resonators comprises a same gas as at least a second tunable resonator of the plurality of tunable resonators, and/or at least the first tunable resonator is at a same pressure as at least the second tunable resonator. 33. The device as recited in claim 31, further comprising at least one mass body disposed in the liquid, the tunable resonators being connected to the at least one mass body so as to prevent the tunable resonators from rising up in the liquid. 34. The device as recited in claim 33, wherein the tunable resonators are connected to the at least one mass body by the at least one carrier element. 35. The device as recited in claim 31, wherein the tunable resonators are disposed along the at least one carrier element so as to be positioned at different depths within the water. 36. The device as recited in claim 31, further comprising at least one floating body connected to the tunable resonators. | A device for damping hydrosound in liquid having a frequency range emitted from a sound-emitting body in the liquid includes: a plurality of individual gas volumes distributed in the liquid in an area of the sound-emitting body and at a distance from each other, each of the individual gas volumes being operable to reduce the hydrosound through resonant oscillations; and at least one mass body disposed in the liquid, the individual gas volumes being connected to the at least one mass body so as to prevent the individual gas volumes from rising up in the liquid.1. A device for damping hydrosound in liquid having a frequency range emitted from a sound-emitting body in the liquid, the device comprising:
a plurality of individual gas volumes distributed in the liquid in an area of the sound-emitting body and at a distance from each other, wherein each of the individual gas volumes is operable to reduce the hydrosound through resonant oscillations; and at least one mass body disposed in the liquid, the individual gas volumes being connected to the at least one mass body so as to prevent the individual gas volumes from rising up in the liquid. 2. The device as recited in claim 1, wherein at least a first individual gas volume of the plurality of individual gas volumes comprises a same gas as at least a second individual gas volume of the plurality of individual gas volumes, and/or at least the first individual gas volume is at a same pressure as at least the second individual gas volume. 3. The device as recited in claim 1, further comprising at least one floating body connected to the individual gas volumes. 4. The device as recited in claim 1, further comprising a plurality of carrier elements attached to the individual gas volumes. 5. The device as recited in claim 4, wherein the individual gas volumes are disposed along the carrier elements so as to be positioned at different depths within the water. 6. The device as recited in claim 5, wherein the individual gas volumes are connected to the at least one mass body by the carrier elements. 7. A device for damping hydrosound in liquid having a frequency range emitted from a sound-emitting body in the liquid, the device comprising:
a plurality of individual gas volumes distributed in the liquid in an area of the sound-emitting body, wherein each of the individual gas volumes is operable to reduce the hydrosound through resonant oscillations; and at least one carrier element attached to the individual gas volumes, the individual gas volumes being arranged at a distance from one another along the carrier element. 8. The device as recited in claim 7, wherein at least a first individual gas volume of the plurality of individual gas volumes comprises a same gas as at least a second individual gas volume of the plurality of individual gas volumes, and/or at least the first individual gas volume is at a same pressure as at least the second individual gas volume. 9. The device as recited in claim 7, further comprising at least one mass body disposed in the liquid, the individual gas volumes being connected to the at least one mass body so as to prevent the individual gas volumes from rising up in the liquid. 10. The device as recited in claim 9, wherein the individual gas volumes are connected to the at least one mass body by the at least one carrier element. 11. The device as recited in claim 7, wherein the individual gas volumes are disposed along the at least one carrier element so as to be positioned at different depths within the water. 12. The device as recited in claim 7, further comprising at least one floating body connected to the individual gas volumes. 13. A device for damping hydrosound in liquid having a frequency range emitted from a sound-emitting body in the liquid, the device comprising:
a plurality of gas bubbles distributed in the liquid in an area of the sound-emitting body and at a distance from each other, wherein each of the gas bubbles is operable to reduce the hydrosound through resonant oscillations; and at least one mass body disposed in the liquid, the gas bubbles being connected to the at least one mass body so as to prevent the gas bubbles from rising up in the liquid. 14. The device as recited in claim 13, wherein at least a first gas bubble of the plurality of gas bubbles comprises a same gas as at least a second gas bubble of the plurality of gas bubbles, and/or at least the first individual gas bubble is at a same pressure as at least the second gas bubble. 15. The device as recited in claim 13, further comprising at least one floating body connected to the gas bubbles. 16. The device as recited in claim 13, further comprising a plurality of carrier elements attached to the gas bubbles. 17. The device as recited in claim 16, wherein the gas bubbles are disposed along the carrier elements so as to be positioned at different depths within the water. 18. The device as recited in claim 17, wherein the gas bubbles are connected to the at least one mass body by the carrier elements. 19. A device for damping hydrosound in liquid having a frequency range emitted from a sound-emitting body in the liquid, the device comprising:
a plurality of gas bubbles distributed in the liquid in an area of the sound-emitting body, wherein each of the gas bubbles is operable to reduce the hydrosound through resonant oscillations; and at least one carrier element attached to the gas bubbles, the gas bubbles being arranged at a distance from one another along the carrier element. 20. The device as recited in claim 19, wherein at least a first gas bubble of the plurality of gas bubbles comprises a same gas as at least a second gas bubble of the plurality of gas bubbles, and/or at least the first individual gas bubble is at a same pressure as at least the second gas bubble. 21. The device as recited in claim 19, further comprising at least one mass body disposed in the liquid, the gas bubbles being connected to the at least one mass body so as to prevent the gas bubbles from rising up in the liquid. 22. The device as recited in claim 21, wherein the gas bubbles are connected to the at least one mass body by the at least one carrier element. 23. The device as recited in claim 19, wherein the gas bubbles are disposed along the at least one carrier element so as to be positioned at different depths within the water. 24. The device as recited in claim 19, further comprising at least one floating body connected to the gas bubbles. 25. A device for damping hydrosound in liquid having a frequency range emitted from a sound-emitting body in the liquid, the device comprising:
a plurality of tunable resonators distributed in the liquid in an area of the sound-emitting body and at a distance from each other, wherein each of the tunable resonators is operable to reduce the hydrosound through resonant oscillations; and at least one mass body disposed in the liquid, the tunable resonators being connected to the at least one mass body so as to prevent the tunable resonators from rising up in the liquid. 26. The device as recited in claim 25, wherein at least a first tunable resonator of the plurality of tunable resonators comprises a same gas as at least a second tunable resonator of the plurality of tunable resonators, and/or at least the first tunable resonator is at a same pressure as at least the second tunable resonator. 27. The device as recited in claim 25, further comprising at least one floating body connected to the tunable resonators. 28. The device as recited in claim 25, further comprising a plurality of carrier elements attached to the tunable resonators. 29. The device as recited in claim 28, wherein the tunable resonators are disposed along the carrier elements so as to be positioned at different depths within the water. 30. The device as recited in claim 29, wherein the tunable resonators are connected to the at least one mass body by the carrier elements. 31. A device for damping hydrosound in liquid having a frequency range emitted from a sound-emitting body in the liquid, the device comprising:
a plurality of tunable resonators distributed in the liquid in an area of the sound-emitting body, wherein each of the tunable resonators is operable to reduce the hydrosound through resonant oscillations; and at least one carrier element attached to the tunable resonators, the tunable resonators being arranged at a distance from one another along the carrier element. 32. The device as recited in claim 31, wherein at least a first tunable resonator of the plurality of tunable resonators comprises a same gas as at least a second tunable resonator of the plurality of tunable resonators, and/or at least the first tunable resonator is at a same pressure as at least the second tunable resonator. 33. The device as recited in claim 31, further comprising at least one mass body disposed in the liquid, the tunable resonators being connected to the at least one mass body so as to prevent the tunable resonators from rising up in the liquid. 34. The device as recited in claim 33, wherein the tunable resonators are connected to the at least one mass body by the at least one carrier element. 35. The device as recited in claim 31, wherein the tunable resonators are disposed along the at least one carrier element so as to be positioned at different depths within the water. 36. The device as recited in claim 31, further comprising at least one floating body connected to the tunable resonators. | 2,800 |
340,957 | 16,801,243 | 2,828 | A recognition apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and a hardware processor coupled to the memory. The hardware processor is configured to: extract first feature quantity data from sensor data; generate attention information based on a classification contribution of the first feature quantity data; generate a second feature quantity data by processing the first feature quantity data with the attention information; generate processed feature quantity data including the first feature quantity data and the second feature quantity data; and perform classification of a recognition object from the processed feature quantity data by using a classification network. | 1. A recognition apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a hardware processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
extract first feature quantity data from sensor data;
generate attention information based on a classification contribution of the first feature quantity data;
generate a second feature quantity data by processing the first feature quantity data with the attention information;
generate processed feature quantity data including the first feature quantity data and the second feature quantity data; and
perform classification of a recognition object from the processed feature quantity data by using a classification network. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor carries out the extraction of the first feature quantity data from the sensor data by processing a convolution layer. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to calculate the classification contribution, by using an attention network sharing a convolution layer included in the classification network, based on a differential transfer function for obtaining a network output from the convolution layer based on the output of the attention network when the classification is performed. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the hardware processor carries out the generation of the attention information based on the classification contribution having a positive value among the classification contributions calculated for each class. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
generate the attention information for each sensor modality or sensor mounting region; and change, for each sensor modality of the sensor from which the first feature quantity data is extracted or for each sensor mounting region, the attention information used for generating the second feature quantity data. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
generate the attention information for each task of the classification; and change, in dependence on the corresponding task, the attention information used for generating the second feature quantity data. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
generate the attention information for each task of the classification; synthesize pieces of the attention information generated for each task; and generate the second feature quantity data by processing the first feature quantity data with the synthesized attention information. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
generate the attention information from data having different time series lengths; and change, in dependence on the different time series lengths, the attention information used for generating the second feature quantity data. 9. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to learn the attention network and learn the classification network. 10. A recognition method implemented by a computer, the method comprising:
extracting first feature quantity data from sensor data; generating attention information based on a classification contribution of the first feature quantity data; generating a second feature quantity data by processing the first feature quantity data with the attention information; generating processed feature quantity data including the first feature quantity data and the second feature quantity data; and performing classification of a recognition object from the processed feature quantity data by using a classification network. 11. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium on which an executable program is recorded, the program instructing a computer to:
extract first feature quantity data from sensor data; generate attention information based on a classification contribution of the first feature quantity data; generate a second feature quantity data by processing the first feature quantity data with the attention information; generate processed feature quantity data including the first feature quantity data and the second feature quantity data; and perform classification of a recognition object from the processed feature quantity data by using a classification network. | A recognition apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and a hardware processor coupled to the memory. The hardware processor is configured to: extract first feature quantity data from sensor data; generate attention information based on a classification contribution of the first feature quantity data; generate a second feature quantity data by processing the first feature quantity data with the attention information; generate processed feature quantity data including the first feature quantity data and the second feature quantity data; and perform classification of a recognition object from the processed feature quantity data by using a classification network.1. A recognition apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a hardware processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
extract first feature quantity data from sensor data;
generate attention information based on a classification contribution of the first feature quantity data;
generate a second feature quantity data by processing the first feature quantity data with the attention information;
generate processed feature quantity data including the first feature quantity data and the second feature quantity data; and
perform classification of a recognition object from the processed feature quantity data by using a classification network. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor carries out the extraction of the first feature quantity data from the sensor data by processing a convolution layer. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to calculate the classification contribution, by using an attention network sharing a convolution layer included in the classification network, based on a differential transfer function for obtaining a network output from the convolution layer based on the output of the attention network when the classification is performed. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the hardware processor carries out the generation of the attention information based on the classification contribution having a positive value among the classification contributions calculated for each class. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
generate the attention information for each sensor modality or sensor mounting region; and change, for each sensor modality of the sensor from which the first feature quantity data is extracted or for each sensor mounting region, the attention information used for generating the second feature quantity data. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
generate the attention information for each task of the classification; and change, in dependence on the corresponding task, the attention information used for generating the second feature quantity data. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
generate the attention information for each task of the classification; synthesize pieces of the attention information generated for each task; and generate the second feature quantity data by processing the first feature quantity data with the synthesized attention information. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
generate the attention information from data having different time series lengths; and change, in dependence on the different time series lengths, the attention information used for generating the second feature quantity data. 9. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to learn the attention network and learn the classification network. 10. A recognition method implemented by a computer, the method comprising:
extracting first feature quantity data from sensor data; generating attention information based on a classification contribution of the first feature quantity data; generating a second feature quantity data by processing the first feature quantity data with the attention information; generating processed feature quantity data including the first feature quantity data and the second feature quantity data; and performing classification of a recognition object from the processed feature quantity data by using a classification network. 11. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium on which an executable program is recorded, the program instructing a computer to:
extract first feature quantity data from sensor data; generate attention information based on a classification contribution of the first feature quantity data; generate a second feature quantity data by processing the first feature quantity data with the attention information; generate processed feature quantity data including the first feature quantity data and the second feature quantity data; and perform classification of a recognition object from the processed feature quantity data by using a classification network. | 2,800 |
340,958 | 16,801,249 | 2,828 | A recognition apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and a hardware processor coupled to the memory. The hardware processor is configured to: extract first feature quantity data from sensor data; generate attention information based on a classification contribution of the first feature quantity data; generate a second feature quantity data by processing the first feature quantity data with the attention information; generate processed feature quantity data including the first feature quantity data and the second feature quantity data; and perform classification of a recognition object from the processed feature quantity data by using a classification network. | 1. A recognition apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a hardware processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
extract first feature quantity data from sensor data;
generate attention information based on a classification contribution of the first feature quantity data;
generate a second feature quantity data by processing the first feature quantity data with the attention information;
generate processed feature quantity data including the first feature quantity data and the second feature quantity data; and
perform classification of a recognition object from the processed feature quantity data by using a classification network. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor carries out the extraction of the first feature quantity data from the sensor data by processing a convolution layer. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to calculate the classification contribution, by using an attention network sharing a convolution layer included in the classification network, based on a differential transfer function for obtaining a network output from the convolution layer based on the output of the attention network when the classification is performed. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the hardware processor carries out the generation of the attention information based on the classification contribution having a positive value among the classification contributions calculated for each class. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
generate the attention information for each sensor modality or sensor mounting region; and change, for each sensor modality of the sensor from which the first feature quantity data is extracted or for each sensor mounting region, the attention information used for generating the second feature quantity data. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
generate the attention information for each task of the classification; and change, in dependence on the corresponding task, the attention information used for generating the second feature quantity data. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
generate the attention information for each task of the classification; synthesize pieces of the attention information generated for each task; and generate the second feature quantity data by processing the first feature quantity data with the synthesized attention information. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
generate the attention information from data having different time series lengths; and change, in dependence on the different time series lengths, the attention information used for generating the second feature quantity data. 9. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to learn the attention network and learn the classification network. 10. A recognition method implemented by a computer, the method comprising:
extracting first feature quantity data from sensor data; generating attention information based on a classification contribution of the first feature quantity data; generating a second feature quantity data by processing the first feature quantity data with the attention information; generating processed feature quantity data including the first feature quantity data and the second feature quantity data; and performing classification of a recognition object from the processed feature quantity data by using a classification network. 11. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium on which an executable program is recorded, the program instructing a computer to:
extract first feature quantity data from sensor data; generate attention information based on a classification contribution of the first feature quantity data; generate a second feature quantity data by processing the first feature quantity data with the attention information; generate processed feature quantity data including the first feature quantity data and the second feature quantity data; and perform classification of a recognition object from the processed feature quantity data by using a classification network. | A recognition apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and a hardware processor coupled to the memory. The hardware processor is configured to: extract first feature quantity data from sensor data; generate attention information based on a classification contribution of the first feature quantity data; generate a second feature quantity data by processing the first feature quantity data with the attention information; generate processed feature quantity data including the first feature quantity data and the second feature quantity data; and perform classification of a recognition object from the processed feature quantity data by using a classification network.1. A recognition apparatus comprising:
a memory; and a hardware processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
extract first feature quantity data from sensor data;
generate attention information based on a classification contribution of the first feature quantity data;
generate a second feature quantity data by processing the first feature quantity data with the attention information;
generate processed feature quantity data including the first feature quantity data and the second feature quantity data; and
perform classification of a recognition object from the processed feature quantity data by using a classification network. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor carries out the extraction of the first feature quantity data from the sensor data by processing a convolution layer. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to calculate the classification contribution, by using an attention network sharing a convolution layer included in the classification network, based on a differential transfer function for obtaining a network output from the convolution layer based on the output of the attention network when the classification is performed. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the hardware processor carries out the generation of the attention information based on the classification contribution having a positive value among the classification contributions calculated for each class. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
generate the attention information for each sensor modality or sensor mounting region; and change, for each sensor modality of the sensor from which the first feature quantity data is extracted or for each sensor mounting region, the attention information used for generating the second feature quantity data. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
generate the attention information for each task of the classification; and change, in dependence on the corresponding task, the attention information used for generating the second feature quantity data. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
generate the attention information for each task of the classification; synthesize pieces of the attention information generated for each task; and generate the second feature quantity data by processing the first feature quantity data with the synthesized attention information. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to:
generate the attention information from data having different time series lengths; and change, in dependence on the different time series lengths, the attention information used for generating the second feature quantity data. 9. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to learn the attention network and learn the classification network. 10. A recognition method implemented by a computer, the method comprising:
extracting first feature quantity data from sensor data; generating attention information based on a classification contribution of the first feature quantity data; generating a second feature quantity data by processing the first feature quantity data with the attention information; generating processed feature quantity data including the first feature quantity data and the second feature quantity data; and performing classification of a recognition object from the processed feature quantity data by using a classification network. 11. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium on which an executable program is recorded, the program instructing a computer to:
extract first feature quantity data from sensor data; generate attention information based on a classification contribution of the first feature quantity data; generate a second feature quantity data by processing the first feature quantity data with the attention information; generate processed feature quantity data including the first feature quantity data and the second feature quantity data; and perform classification of a recognition object from the processed feature quantity data by using a classification network. | 2,800 |
340,959 | 16,801,246 | 2,828 | wherein, for 0≤X1≤1, aTheta1 is between −1.004 to −0.974, aTheta2 is between—−1.049 to −1.0182, aTheta3 is between −3.601 to −2.760, aTheta4 is between 18.791 to 25.965, and aTheta5 is between 0.185 to 0.277. | 1. A wheel rim comprising:
a flange profile on a tire side of an open end flange of the wheel rim, the flange profile defined by the equation: 2. The wheel rim of claim 1, wherein aTheta1 is −0.989, aTheta2 is 1.034, aTheta3 is −3.181, aTheta4 is 22.378, and aTheta5 is 0.231. 3. The wheel rim of claim 1, wherein
a flange profile on an inboard side of the open end flange of the wheel rim is defined by the equation: 4. The wheel rim of claim 3, wherein bTheta1 is −1.192, bTheta2 is 3.126, bTheta3 is −5.161, bTheta4 is 11.961, bTheta5 is −0.197, Alpha0 is 0, Alpha1 is −1.500, Alpha2 is 7.343, and Alpha3 is −13.505. 5. The wheel rim of claim 3, further comprising a third flange profile connecting the first flange profile and the second flange profile, the third flange profile having a first portion and a second portion, wherein:
the first portion is defined by the equation:
y 3=Beta0+Beta1·X 3+Beta2·X 3 2+Beta3·X 3 3+Beta4X 3 4,
wherein, for 0≤X3≤1, Beta0 is between −874.899 to −347.942, Beta1 is between 1651.049 to 3667.375, Beta2 is between −5733.990 to −2841.300, Beta3 is between 2125.823 to 3969.923, and Beta4 is between 1027.410 to −586.633; and the second portion is defined by the equation:
X 4=Constant 6. The wheel rim of claim 5, wherein Beta0 is −611.42, Beta1 is 2659.212, Beta2 is −4287.640, Beta3 is 3047.873, and Beta4 is −807.023. 7. The wheel rim of claim 5, further comprising a disc end flange mirroring the open end flange. 8. The wheel rim of claim 5, further comprising:
a first angle wall extending from the disc end flange toward the open end flange; a second angle wall extending from the open end flange toward the disc end flange; and a drop well connecting the first angle wall and the second angle wall. 9. The wheel rim of claim 8, further comprising a mounting flange extending radially inward from the disc face, the mounting flange having a plurality of bolt holes. 10. The wheel rim of claim 5, wherein the wheel rim is formed from at least one of steel, aluminum, steel alloys, aluminum alloys, or combinations thereof. 11. The wheel rim of claim 7, wherein the wheel exhibits a maximum load rating increase by a factor of 1.5 with a corresponding increase in the weight of the wheel by a factor of 1.3 over a wheel with a standard geometry. 12. The wheel rim of claim 11, wherein the wheel exhibits a maximum tire pressure rating by a factor of 1.375 with a corresponding increase in the maximum tire pressure rating of the wheel by a factor of 1.298 over a wheel with a standard geometry. 13. A method for making a wheel comprising:
forming the wheel by at least one of forging or casting the wheel, the wheel having a disc face at a disc end, an opposing open end, and a wheel rim extending between the disc face and the open end, the wheel rim including:
a flange profile on a tire side of an open end flange of the wheel rim, the flange profile defined by the equation: 14. The method of claim 13, wherein aTheta1 is −0.989, aTheta2 is 1.034, aTheta3 is −3.181, aTheta4 is 22.378, and aTheta5 is 0.231. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of forming further comprises forming a flange profile on an inboard side of the open end flange of the wheel rim, the flange profile defined by the equation: 16. The method of claim 15, wherein bTheta1 is −1.192, bTheta2 is 3.126, bTheta3 is −5.161, bTheta4 is 11.961, bTheta5 is −0.197, Alpha0 is 0, Alpha1 is −1.500, Alpha2 is 7.343, and Alpha3 is −13.505. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of forming further comprises forming a third flange profile connecting the first flange profile and the second flange profile, the third flange profile having a first portion and a second portion, wherein:
the first portion is defined by the equation:
y 3=Beta0+Beta1·X 3+Beta2·X 3 2+Beta3·X 3 3+Beta4·X 3 4,
wherein, for 0≤X3≤1, Beta0 is between −874.899 to −347.942, Beta1 is between 1651.049 to 3667.375, Beta2 is between −5733.990 to −2841.300, Beta3 is between 2125.823 to 3969.923, and Beta4 is between 1027.410 to −586.633; and the second portion is defined by the equation:
X 4=Constant 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the wheel rim further comprises a disc end flange mirroring the open end flange. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the wheel is forged or cast from at least one of steel, aluminum, steel alloys, aluminum alloys, or combinations thereof. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein X4=1. | wherein, for 0≤X1≤1, aTheta1 is between −1.004 to −0.974, aTheta2 is between—−1.049 to −1.0182, aTheta3 is between −3.601 to −2.760, aTheta4 is between 18.791 to 25.965, and aTheta5 is between 0.185 to 0.277.1. A wheel rim comprising:
a flange profile on a tire side of an open end flange of the wheel rim, the flange profile defined by the equation: 2. The wheel rim of claim 1, wherein aTheta1 is −0.989, aTheta2 is 1.034, aTheta3 is −3.181, aTheta4 is 22.378, and aTheta5 is 0.231. 3. The wheel rim of claim 1, wherein
a flange profile on an inboard side of the open end flange of the wheel rim is defined by the equation: 4. The wheel rim of claim 3, wherein bTheta1 is −1.192, bTheta2 is 3.126, bTheta3 is −5.161, bTheta4 is 11.961, bTheta5 is −0.197, Alpha0 is 0, Alpha1 is −1.500, Alpha2 is 7.343, and Alpha3 is −13.505. 5. The wheel rim of claim 3, further comprising a third flange profile connecting the first flange profile and the second flange profile, the third flange profile having a first portion and a second portion, wherein:
the first portion is defined by the equation:
y 3=Beta0+Beta1·X 3+Beta2·X 3 2+Beta3·X 3 3+Beta4X 3 4,
wherein, for 0≤X3≤1, Beta0 is between −874.899 to −347.942, Beta1 is between 1651.049 to 3667.375, Beta2 is between −5733.990 to −2841.300, Beta3 is between 2125.823 to 3969.923, and Beta4 is between 1027.410 to −586.633; and the second portion is defined by the equation:
X 4=Constant 6. The wheel rim of claim 5, wherein Beta0 is −611.42, Beta1 is 2659.212, Beta2 is −4287.640, Beta3 is 3047.873, and Beta4 is −807.023. 7. The wheel rim of claim 5, further comprising a disc end flange mirroring the open end flange. 8. The wheel rim of claim 5, further comprising:
a first angle wall extending from the disc end flange toward the open end flange; a second angle wall extending from the open end flange toward the disc end flange; and a drop well connecting the first angle wall and the second angle wall. 9. The wheel rim of claim 8, further comprising a mounting flange extending radially inward from the disc face, the mounting flange having a plurality of bolt holes. 10. The wheel rim of claim 5, wherein the wheel rim is formed from at least one of steel, aluminum, steel alloys, aluminum alloys, or combinations thereof. 11. The wheel rim of claim 7, wherein the wheel exhibits a maximum load rating increase by a factor of 1.5 with a corresponding increase in the weight of the wheel by a factor of 1.3 over a wheel with a standard geometry. 12. The wheel rim of claim 11, wherein the wheel exhibits a maximum tire pressure rating by a factor of 1.375 with a corresponding increase in the maximum tire pressure rating of the wheel by a factor of 1.298 over a wheel with a standard geometry. 13. A method for making a wheel comprising:
forming the wheel by at least one of forging or casting the wheel, the wheel having a disc face at a disc end, an opposing open end, and a wheel rim extending between the disc face and the open end, the wheel rim including:
a flange profile on a tire side of an open end flange of the wheel rim, the flange profile defined by the equation: 14. The method of claim 13, wherein aTheta1 is −0.989, aTheta2 is 1.034, aTheta3 is −3.181, aTheta4 is 22.378, and aTheta5 is 0.231. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the step of forming further comprises forming a flange profile on an inboard side of the open end flange of the wheel rim, the flange profile defined by the equation: 16. The method of claim 15, wherein bTheta1 is −1.192, bTheta2 is 3.126, bTheta3 is −5.161, bTheta4 is 11.961, bTheta5 is −0.197, Alpha0 is 0, Alpha1 is −1.500, Alpha2 is 7.343, and Alpha3 is −13.505. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of forming further comprises forming a third flange profile connecting the first flange profile and the second flange profile, the third flange profile having a first portion and a second portion, wherein:
the first portion is defined by the equation:
y 3=Beta0+Beta1·X 3+Beta2·X 3 2+Beta3·X 3 3+Beta4·X 3 4,
wherein, for 0≤X3≤1, Beta0 is between −874.899 to −347.942, Beta1 is between 1651.049 to 3667.375, Beta2 is between −5733.990 to −2841.300, Beta3 is between 2125.823 to 3969.923, and Beta4 is between 1027.410 to −586.633; and the second portion is defined by the equation:
X 4=Constant 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the wheel rim further comprises a disc end flange mirroring the open end flange. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the wheel is forged or cast from at least one of steel, aluminum, steel alloys, aluminum alloys, or combinations thereof. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein X4=1. | 2,800 |
340,960 | 16,801,236 | 2,828 | According to one embodiment, a battery includes an electrode group, a container, a lid, a pair of electrode terminals, electrode group holder. The electrode group is housed in the container, and the lid covers an opening of the container. The lid includes a gas discharge valve, a liquid inlet is formed in the lid. The electrode terminals are attached to an outer surface of the lid. The electrode group holder is provided between the lid and the electrode group inside the container, and stacked together with the lid. An open hole penetrating through the electrode group holder is formed across an area facing the gas discharge valve and an area facing the liquid inlet. | 1. A battery comprising:
an electrode group including a positive electrode and a negative electrode; a container in which the electrode group is housed and an opening is formed, the opening being open on one side in a height direction; a lid configured to cover the opening of the container, and including a gas discharge valve, a liquid inlet penetrating through the lid being formed; a pair of electrode terminals attached to an outer surface of the lid, and electrically connected to the electrode group; and an electrode group holder provided between the lid and the electrode group inside the container, and stacked together with the lid, an open hole penetrating through the electrode group holder being formed across an area facing the gas discharge valve and an area facing the liquid inlet. 2. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrode group holder includes a protrusion in surroundings of the open hole, the protrusion protruding to a side in which the electrode group is positioned. 3. The battery according to claim 2, wherein the protrusion is provided on each of both sides of the open hole in a lateral direction intersecting the height direction. 4. The battery according to claim 2, wherein:
the pair of electrode terminals are separated from each other in a lateral direction intersecting the height direction; and the gas discharge valve, the liquid inlet, the open hole, and the protrusion are arranged between the pair of electrode terminals in the lateral direction. 5. The battery according to claim 2, wherein the electrode group holder includes a lattice-shaped rib configured to support the protrusion from a side in which the lid is positioned. 6. The battery according to claim 1, wherein:
the pair of electrode terminals are separated from each other in a lateral direction intersecting the height direction; and the gas discharge valve, the liquid inlet, and the open hole are arranged between the pair of electrode terminals in the lateral direction. 7. The battery according to claim 1, wherein:
the electrode group holder is arranged in a condition in which a long-side direction of the electrode group holder corresponds to a lateral direction intersecting the height direction; and the lid is arranged in a condition in which a long-side direction of the lid corresponds to the lateral direction. 8. The battery according to claim 1, wherein:
the positive electrode of the electrode group includes a positive electrode current collector, and a positive electrode active material-containing layer carried on a surface of the positive electrode current collector; the negative electrode of the electrode group includes a negative electrode current collector, and a negative electrode active material-containing layer carried on a surface of the negative electrode current collector; the positive electrode current collector includes a positive electrode current collecting tab in which the positive electrode active material-containing layer is not carried on the surface; the negative electrode current collector includes a negative electrode current collecting tab in which the negative electrode active material-containing layer is not carried on the surface; the positive electrode current collecting tab protrudes from the negative electrode toward one side in a lateral direction intersecting the height direction; and the negative electrode current collecting tab protrudes from the positive electrode toward a side opposite to the side toward which the positive electrode current collecting tab protrudes in the lateral direction. 9. A battery pack comprising the battery according to claim 1. 10. A battery comprising:
an electrode group obtained by stacking a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator; a lid including a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal both electrically connected to the electrode group; an electrode group holder provided between the electrode group and the lid in such a manner as to be stacked together and be adjacent to the lid; and a container configured to house the electrode group and the electrode group holder, wherein: the lid is provided with a liquid inlet penetrating through the lid, and a gas discharge valve having a groove and formed thinly; and the electrode group holder includes an opening extending across a position corresponding to the liquid inlet and a position corresponding to the gas discharge valve. 11. The battery according to claim 10, wherein a convex protrusion, protruding toward a side facing the electrode group, is provided in surroundings of the opening of the electrode group holder. | According to one embodiment, a battery includes an electrode group, a container, a lid, a pair of electrode terminals, electrode group holder. The electrode group is housed in the container, and the lid covers an opening of the container. The lid includes a gas discharge valve, a liquid inlet is formed in the lid. The electrode terminals are attached to an outer surface of the lid. The electrode group holder is provided between the lid and the electrode group inside the container, and stacked together with the lid. An open hole penetrating through the electrode group holder is formed across an area facing the gas discharge valve and an area facing the liquid inlet.1. A battery comprising:
an electrode group including a positive electrode and a negative electrode; a container in which the electrode group is housed and an opening is formed, the opening being open on one side in a height direction; a lid configured to cover the opening of the container, and including a gas discharge valve, a liquid inlet penetrating through the lid being formed; a pair of electrode terminals attached to an outer surface of the lid, and electrically connected to the electrode group; and an electrode group holder provided between the lid and the electrode group inside the container, and stacked together with the lid, an open hole penetrating through the electrode group holder being formed across an area facing the gas discharge valve and an area facing the liquid inlet. 2. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrode group holder includes a protrusion in surroundings of the open hole, the protrusion protruding to a side in which the electrode group is positioned. 3. The battery according to claim 2, wherein the protrusion is provided on each of both sides of the open hole in a lateral direction intersecting the height direction. 4. The battery according to claim 2, wherein:
the pair of electrode terminals are separated from each other in a lateral direction intersecting the height direction; and the gas discharge valve, the liquid inlet, the open hole, and the protrusion are arranged between the pair of electrode terminals in the lateral direction. 5. The battery according to claim 2, wherein the electrode group holder includes a lattice-shaped rib configured to support the protrusion from a side in which the lid is positioned. 6. The battery according to claim 1, wherein:
the pair of electrode terminals are separated from each other in a lateral direction intersecting the height direction; and the gas discharge valve, the liquid inlet, and the open hole are arranged between the pair of electrode terminals in the lateral direction. 7. The battery according to claim 1, wherein:
the electrode group holder is arranged in a condition in which a long-side direction of the electrode group holder corresponds to a lateral direction intersecting the height direction; and the lid is arranged in a condition in which a long-side direction of the lid corresponds to the lateral direction. 8. The battery according to claim 1, wherein:
the positive electrode of the electrode group includes a positive electrode current collector, and a positive electrode active material-containing layer carried on a surface of the positive electrode current collector; the negative electrode of the electrode group includes a negative electrode current collector, and a negative electrode active material-containing layer carried on a surface of the negative electrode current collector; the positive electrode current collector includes a positive electrode current collecting tab in which the positive electrode active material-containing layer is not carried on the surface; the negative electrode current collector includes a negative electrode current collecting tab in which the negative electrode active material-containing layer is not carried on the surface; the positive electrode current collecting tab protrudes from the negative electrode toward one side in a lateral direction intersecting the height direction; and the negative electrode current collecting tab protrudes from the positive electrode toward a side opposite to the side toward which the positive electrode current collecting tab protrudes in the lateral direction. 9. A battery pack comprising the battery according to claim 1. 10. A battery comprising:
an electrode group obtained by stacking a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator; a lid including a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal both electrically connected to the electrode group; an electrode group holder provided between the electrode group and the lid in such a manner as to be stacked together and be adjacent to the lid; and a container configured to house the electrode group and the electrode group holder, wherein: the lid is provided with a liquid inlet penetrating through the lid, and a gas discharge valve having a groove and formed thinly; and the electrode group holder includes an opening extending across a position corresponding to the liquid inlet and a position corresponding to the gas discharge valve. 11. The battery according to claim 10, wherein a convex protrusion, protruding toward a side facing the electrode group, is provided in surroundings of the opening of the electrode group holder. | 2,800 |
340,961 | 16,801,247 | 2,828 | An indoor smoker includes a smoking chamber that is defined at least in part by a sidewall and a smoke generating assembly for providing a flow of smoke into the smoking chamber through a chamber inlet defined in the sidewall. A ladder rack is mounted to the sidewall for supporting a plurality of racks and includes a support plate that is space apart from the sidewall to define a flow plenum for distributing the flow of smoke throughout the smoking chamber. A heating assembly includes a side heating element mounted to the sidewall adjacent to the flow plenum for heating the flow of smoke within the plenum and urging the flow of smoke upward through the flow plenum along the vertical direction. | 1. An indoor smoker defining a vertical direction, the indoor smoker comprising:
a cabinet; a smoking chamber positioned within the cabinet, the smoking chamber being defined at least in part by a sidewall and a bottom wall; a smoke generating assembly for providing a flow of smoke into the smoking chamber through a chamber inlet defined in the sidewall; a ladder rack mounted to the sidewall, the ladder rack comprising a support plate that is spaced apart from the sidewall to define a flow plenum, the support plate defining one or more support structures for receiving one or more racks; and a heating assembly positioned in thermal communication with the flow plenum for heating the flow of smoke within the flow plenum and urging the flow of smoke upward through the flow plenum along the vertical direction. 2. The indoor smoker of claim 1, wherein the heating assembly comprises:
a side heating element mounted adjacent to the sidewall of the smoking chamber. 3. The indoor smoker of claim 2, wherein the side heating element is positioned outside of the smoking chamber and is mounted directly to the sidewall of the smoking chamber. 4. The indoor smoker of claim 2, wherein the side heating element is positioned at least partially within the flow plenum. 5. The indoor smoker of claim 2, wherein the side heating element is positioned adjacent a bottom of the ladder rack along the vertical direction. 6. The indoor smoker of claim 2, wherein the side heating element defines a heater height and the ladder rack defines a rack height, the heater height being greater than 50 percent of the rack height. 7. The indoor smoker of claim 6, wherein the heater height is greater than 75 percent of the rack height. 8. The indoor smoker of claim 1, wherein the heating assembly further comprises:
a bottom heating element positioned below the bottom wall of the smoking chamber. 9. The indoor smoker of claim 1, wherein the heating assembly comprises:
one or more resistance heaters, calrod heaters, or silicone surface heaters. 10. The indoor smoker of claim 1, wherein the one or more support structures comprises:
a plurality of embossed ribs or indentations such that the flow plenum is substantially closed between a plenum inlet positioned proximate a bottom of the ladder rack and a plenum outlet positioned proximate a top of the ladder rack. 11. The indoor smoker of claim 1, wherein the one or more support structures comprises:
a plurality of slots defined within the support plate for receiving the one or more racks. 12. The indoor smoker of claim 11, wherein the one or more receiving slots are offset from the chamber inlet along the vertical direction. 13. The indoor smoker of claim 1, wherein the ladder rack is a first ladder rack positioned and the sidewall is a first sidewall of the smoking chamber, the indoor smoker further comprising:
a second ladder rack positioned on a second sidewall of the smoking chamber opposite the first sidewall. 14. The indoor smoker of claim 13, wherein the first ladder rack and the second ladder rack are identical. 15. The indoor smoker of claim 1, wherein the ladder rack comprises:
a plurality of L-shaped mounting flanges mounted to the support plate, each of the plurality of mounting flanges defining shoulder slot apertures; and a plurality of shoulder bolts attached to the sidewall, wherein the shoulder bolts are received within the shoulder slot apertures to secure the ladder rack to the sidewall. 16. The indoor smoker of claim 1, further comprising:
an exhaust duct extending between a chamber outlet defined by the smoking chamber and a discharge vent defined by the cabinet; an air handler fluidly coupled with the exhaust duct for urging the flow of smoke from the smoking chamber, through the exhaust duct, and out of the discharge vent; and a catalytic converter positioned within the exhaust duct, the catalytic converter comprising a catalytic element and a catalyst heater. 17. A rack assembly for an indoor smoker, the indoor smoker comprising a smoking chamber positioned within a cabinet and being defined at least in part by a sidewall, the sidewall defining a chamber inlet for receiving a flow of smoke from a smoke generating assembly, the rack assembly comprising:
a ladder rack mounted to the sidewall, the ladder rack comprising a support plate that is spaced apart from the sidewall to define a flow plenum, the support plate defining one or more support structures for receiving one or more racks; and a heating assembly comprising:
a side heating element mounted adjacent to the sidewall of the smoking chamber in thermal communication with the flow plenum for heating the flow of smoke within the plenum and urging the flow of smoke upward through the flow plenum along the vertical direction. 18. The rack assembly of claim 17, wherein the side heating element is positioned outside of the smoking chamber and is mounted directly to the sidewall of the smoking chamber adjacent a bottom of the ladder rack along the vertical direction. 19. The rack assembly of claim 17, wherein the one or more support structures comprises:
a plurality of embossed ribs or indentations such that the flow plenum is substantially closed between a plenum inlet positioned proximate a bottom of the ladder rack and a plenum outlet positioned proximate a top of the ladder rack. 20. The rack assembly of claim 17, wherein the one or more support structures comprises:
a plurality of slots defined within the support plate for receiving the one or more racks. | An indoor smoker includes a smoking chamber that is defined at least in part by a sidewall and a smoke generating assembly for providing a flow of smoke into the smoking chamber through a chamber inlet defined in the sidewall. A ladder rack is mounted to the sidewall for supporting a plurality of racks and includes a support plate that is space apart from the sidewall to define a flow plenum for distributing the flow of smoke throughout the smoking chamber. A heating assembly includes a side heating element mounted to the sidewall adjacent to the flow plenum for heating the flow of smoke within the plenum and urging the flow of smoke upward through the flow plenum along the vertical direction.1. An indoor smoker defining a vertical direction, the indoor smoker comprising:
a cabinet; a smoking chamber positioned within the cabinet, the smoking chamber being defined at least in part by a sidewall and a bottom wall; a smoke generating assembly for providing a flow of smoke into the smoking chamber through a chamber inlet defined in the sidewall; a ladder rack mounted to the sidewall, the ladder rack comprising a support plate that is spaced apart from the sidewall to define a flow plenum, the support plate defining one or more support structures for receiving one or more racks; and a heating assembly positioned in thermal communication with the flow plenum for heating the flow of smoke within the flow plenum and urging the flow of smoke upward through the flow plenum along the vertical direction. 2. The indoor smoker of claim 1, wherein the heating assembly comprises:
a side heating element mounted adjacent to the sidewall of the smoking chamber. 3. The indoor smoker of claim 2, wherein the side heating element is positioned outside of the smoking chamber and is mounted directly to the sidewall of the smoking chamber. 4. The indoor smoker of claim 2, wherein the side heating element is positioned at least partially within the flow plenum. 5. The indoor smoker of claim 2, wherein the side heating element is positioned adjacent a bottom of the ladder rack along the vertical direction. 6. The indoor smoker of claim 2, wherein the side heating element defines a heater height and the ladder rack defines a rack height, the heater height being greater than 50 percent of the rack height. 7. The indoor smoker of claim 6, wherein the heater height is greater than 75 percent of the rack height. 8. The indoor smoker of claim 1, wherein the heating assembly further comprises:
a bottom heating element positioned below the bottom wall of the smoking chamber. 9. The indoor smoker of claim 1, wherein the heating assembly comprises:
one or more resistance heaters, calrod heaters, or silicone surface heaters. 10. The indoor smoker of claim 1, wherein the one or more support structures comprises:
a plurality of embossed ribs or indentations such that the flow plenum is substantially closed between a plenum inlet positioned proximate a bottom of the ladder rack and a plenum outlet positioned proximate a top of the ladder rack. 11. The indoor smoker of claim 1, wherein the one or more support structures comprises:
a plurality of slots defined within the support plate for receiving the one or more racks. 12. The indoor smoker of claim 11, wherein the one or more receiving slots are offset from the chamber inlet along the vertical direction. 13. The indoor smoker of claim 1, wherein the ladder rack is a first ladder rack positioned and the sidewall is a first sidewall of the smoking chamber, the indoor smoker further comprising:
a second ladder rack positioned on a second sidewall of the smoking chamber opposite the first sidewall. 14. The indoor smoker of claim 13, wherein the first ladder rack and the second ladder rack are identical. 15. The indoor smoker of claim 1, wherein the ladder rack comprises:
a plurality of L-shaped mounting flanges mounted to the support plate, each of the plurality of mounting flanges defining shoulder slot apertures; and a plurality of shoulder bolts attached to the sidewall, wherein the shoulder bolts are received within the shoulder slot apertures to secure the ladder rack to the sidewall. 16. The indoor smoker of claim 1, further comprising:
an exhaust duct extending between a chamber outlet defined by the smoking chamber and a discharge vent defined by the cabinet; an air handler fluidly coupled with the exhaust duct for urging the flow of smoke from the smoking chamber, through the exhaust duct, and out of the discharge vent; and a catalytic converter positioned within the exhaust duct, the catalytic converter comprising a catalytic element and a catalyst heater. 17. A rack assembly for an indoor smoker, the indoor smoker comprising a smoking chamber positioned within a cabinet and being defined at least in part by a sidewall, the sidewall defining a chamber inlet for receiving a flow of smoke from a smoke generating assembly, the rack assembly comprising:
a ladder rack mounted to the sidewall, the ladder rack comprising a support plate that is spaced apart from the sidewall to define a flow plenum, the support plate defining one or more support structures for receiving one or more racks; and a heating assembly comprising:
a side heating element mounted adjacent to the sidewall of the smoking chamber in thermal communication with the flow plenum for heating the flow of smoke within the plenum and urging the flow of smoke upward through the flow plenum along the vertical direction. 18. The rack assembly of claim 17, wherein the side heating element is positioned outside of the smoking chamber and is mounted directly to the sidewall of the smoking chamber adjacent a bottom of the ladder rack along the vertical direction. 19. The rack assembly of claim 17, wherein the one or more support structures comprises:
a plurality of embossed ribs or indentations such that the flow plenum is substantially closed between a plenum inlet positioned proximate a bottom of the ladder rack and a plenum outlet positioned proximate a top of the ladder rack. 20. The rack assembly of claim 17, wherein the one or more support structures comprises:
a plurality of slots defined within the support plate for receiving the one or more racks. | 2,800 |
340,962 | 16,801,269 | 3,736 | The invention consists of a cooler system entailing a foamed polymer body coated in a layer of elastomer and secured with a strap system. The body of the cooler consists of a base which serves as a container for beverages or other products as well as a lid, designed to fit the base such that it can only be removed by lifting upward. The foamed polymer provides insulation and structure while the elastomer coating and the straps provide increased durability and functionality. The body of the cooler contains grooves in which the straps are housed in order to secure the lid. The strap system also provides a means for carrying the invention as an anchoring place for handles. The resulting cooler system is lightweight and durable as well as inexpensive to construct. | 1. A recreational cooler system, comprising:
a foamed and molded polymer body having at least a sidewall and bottom walls defining a cavity; a foamed and molded polymer lid that serves as the top wall when placed atop the molded polymer body; an elastomer coating affixed to the entirety of the outer surfaces of the foamed and molded polymer body and the foamed and molded polymer lid; and a set of straps encircling the elastomer coated foamed and molded polymer body and the elastomer coated foamed and molded polymer lid. 2. The recreational cooler system of claim 1, where the foamed polymer used to form the structure of the foamed and molded polymer body and the foamed and molded polymer lid is polystyrene. 3. The recreational cooler system of claim 1, where the foamed and molded polymer lid and the foamed and molded polymer body are molded into cuboid shapes. 4. The recreational cooler system of claim 1, where the foamed and molded polymer lid is molded to reside securely within a ridge which is molded around the top of the foamed and molded polymer body. 5. The recreational cooler system of claim 1, where the elastomer coating affixed to the outer surface of the foamed and molded polymer body and the foamed and molded polymer lid is polyurea. 6. The recreational cooler system of claim 1, where the straps are further affixed with a means of carrying the cooler by hand. 7. The cooler of claim 1, where the foamed and molded polymer body and the foamed and molded polymer lid are both molded with grooves for the purpose of accommodating the set of straps encircling the cooler. 8. The cooler of claim 5, where the set of straps can be tightened into the cavity within the grooves in the foamed and molded polymer body and the foamed and molded polymer lid where they rest securely until loosened. 9. An insulated storage container, comprising:
a foam polymer body having at least one sidewall and at least one bottom wall defining a storage space; a separate foam polymer lid that serves as the top wall of the foam polymer body; an elastic coating affixed to the entire surface of the foam polymer body; an elastic coating affixed to the entire surface of the foam polymer lid; and a means for securing the elastic coated foam polymer lid to the elastic coated foam polymer body for transport. 10. The insulated storage container of claim 9, where the foamed polymer consists of polystyrene foam molded into the desired shape. 11. The insulated storage container of claim 9, where the elastic coating consists of an elastic substance from the group consisting of polyurea, polyisoprene rubber, synthetic polyisoprene, polybutadiene, chlorine rubber, ethylene, propylene, silicone rubber, fluoroelastomers, and sufficiently elastic variants of vinyl. 12. The insulated storage container of claim 9, where the means for securing the elastic coated foam polymer lid to the elastic coated foam polymer body for transport consists of a harness which may be loosened or tightened. 13. The insulated storage container of claim 10, where the foam polymer body and the foam polymer lid are molded to incorporate grooves designed to house the harness such that the harness secures the body to the lid when the harness is placed over the grooves and tightened into place. 14. A portable cooler system comprised of:
a body and lid constructed of separate pieces of lightweight foamed polymers molded to provide structure and insulation for a storage cavity; an elastic coating applied to the entire exterior of the lightweight foamed polymer pieces in order to encase each separate piece; and a means of securing the two coated separate pieces to one another in order to secure and transport the insulated storage cavity. 15. The portable cooler system of claim 14, where the lightweight foamed polymer pieces are composed of an expanded thermoplastic injected into a mold. 16. The portable cooler system of claim 15, where the elastic coating is created by spraying a thin layer of an elastomer across the entire exterior surface of the molded pieces of expanded thermoplastic. 17. The portable cooler system of claim 14, where the means of securing the two coated pieces to one another consist of adjustable external straps. 18. The portable cooler system of claim 17, where the exterior structure of the molded pieces includes depressions which accommodate the adjustable external straps. | The invention consists of a cooler system entailing a foamed polymer body coated in a layer of elastomer and secured with a strap system. The body of the cooler consists of a base which serves as a container for beverages or other products as well as a lid, designed to fit the base such that it can only be removed by lifting upward. The foamed polymer provides insulation and structure while the elastomer coating and the straps provide increased durability and functionality. The body of the cooler contains grooves in which the straps are housed in order to secure the lid. The strap system also provides a means for carrying the invention as an anchoring place for handles. The resulting cooler system is lightweight and durable as well as inexpensive to construct.1. A recreational cooler system, comprising:
a foamed and molded polymer body having at least a sidewall and bottom walls defining a cavity; a foamed and molded polymer lid that serves as the top wall when placed atop the molded polymer body; an elastomer coating affixed to the entirety of the outer surfaces of the foamed and molded polymer body and the foamed and molded polymer lid; and a set of straps encircling the elastomer coated foamed and molded polymer body and the elastomer coated foamed and molded polymer lid. 2. The recreational cooler system of claim 1, where the foamed polymer used to form the structure of the foamed and molded polymer body and the foamed and molded polymer lid is polystyrene. 3. The recreational cooler system of claim 1, where the foamed and molded polymer lid and the foamed and molded polymer body are molded into cuboid shapes. 4. The recreational cooler system of claim 1, where the foamed and molded polymer lid is molded to reside securely within a ridge which is molded around the top of the foamed and molded polymer body. 5. The recreational cooler system of claim 1, where the elastomer coating affixed to the outer surface of the foamed and molded polymer body and the foamed and molded polymer lid is polyurea. 6. The recreational cooler system of claim 1, where the straps are further affixed with a means of carrying the cooler by hand. 7. The cooler of claim 1, where the foamed and molded polymer body and the foamed and molded polymer lid are both molded with grooves for the purpose of accommodating the set of straps encircling the cooler. 8. The cooler of claim 5, where the set of straps can be tightened into the cavity within the grooves in the foamed and molded polymer body and the foamed and molded polymer lid where they rest securely until loosened. 9. An insulated storage container, comprising:
a foam polymer body having at least one sidewall and at least one bottom wall defining a storage space; a separate foam polymer lid that serves as the top wall of the foam polymer body; an elastic coating affixed to the entire surface of the foam polymer body; an elastic coating affixed to the entire surface of the foam polymer lid; and a means for securing the elastic coated foam polymer lid to the elastic coated foam polymer body for transport. 10. The insulated storage container of claim 9, where the foamed polymer consists of polystyrene foam molded into the desired shape. 11. The insulated storage container of claim 9, where the elastic coating consists of an elastic substance from the group consisting of polyurea, polyisoprene rubber, synthetic polyisoprene, polybutadiene, chlorine rubber, ethylene, propylene, silicone rubber, fluoroelastomers, and sufficiently elastic variants of vinyl. 12. The insulated storage container of claim 9, where the means for securing the elastic coated foam polymer lid to the elastic coated foam polymer body for transport consists of a harness which may be loosened or tightened. 13. The insulated storage container of claim 10, where the foam polymer body and the foam polymer lid are molded to incorporate grooves designed to house the harness such that the harness secures the body to the lid when the harness is placed over the grooves and tightened into place. 14. A portable cooler system comprised of:
a body and lid constructed of separate pieces of lightweight foamed polymers molded to provide structure and insulation for a storage cavity; an elastic coating applied to the entire exterior of the lightweight foamed polymer pieces in order to encase each separate piece; and a means of securing the two coated separate pieces to one another in order to secure and transport the insulated storage cavity. 15. The portable cooler system of claim 14, where the lightweight foamed polymer pieces are composed of an expanded thermoplastic injected into a mold. 16. The portable cooler system of claim 15, where the elastic coating is created by spraying a thin layer of an elastomer across the entire exterior surface of the molded pieces of expanded thermoplastic. 17. The portable cooler system of claim 14, where the means of securing the two coated pieces to one another consist of adjustable external straps. 18. The portable cooler system of claim 17, where the exterior structure of the molded pieces includes depressions which accommodate the adjustable external straps. | 3,700 |
340,963 | 16,801,228 | 3,736 | An image decoding method which can improve both image quality and coding efficiency is an image decoding method for decoding a coded stream which includes a plurality of processing units and a header for the processing units, the coded stream being generated by coding a moving picture, the processing units including at least one processing unit layered to be split into a plurality of smaller processing units, the image decoding method including specifying a hierarchical layer having a processing unit in which a parameter necessary for decoding is stored, by parsing hierarchy depth information stored in the header, and decoding the processing unit using the parameter stored in the processing unit located at the specified hierarchical layer. | 1-14. (canceled) 15. A decoding method for decoding a coded stream to generate a picture, the picture including a plurality of units, each of the units including a plurality of blocks, the decoding method comprising:
determining, using first information in a picture header of a picture, whether or not a first parameter to be used for decoding a block is provided for a unit, the picture including the unit, the unit including the block; and decoding the block, wherein, when the first parameter is determined to be provided, the decoding includes deriving a value for dequantization by using the first parameter and the first parameter is used for other blocks included in the unit. 16. A decoding apparatus for decoding a coded stream to generate a picture, the picture including a plurality of units, each of the units including a plurality of blocks, the decoding apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory memory having stored thereon executable instructions, which when executed, cause the processor to perform:
determining, using first information in a picture header of a picture, whether or not a first parameter to be used for decoding a block is provided for a unit, the picture including the unit, the unit including the block; and
decoding the block,
wherein, when the first parameter is determined to be provided, the decoding includes deriving a value for dequantization by using the first parameter and the first parameter is used for other blocks included in the unit. 17. A coding method for coding a picture to generate a coded stream, the picture including a plurality of units, each of the units including a plurality of blocks, the coding method comprising:
determining, using first information in a picture header of a picture, whether or not a first parameter to be used for coding a block is provided for a unit, the picture including the unit, the unit including the block; and coding the block, wherein, when the first parameter is determined to be provided, the coding includes deriving a value for dequantization by using the first parameter and the first parameter is used for other blocks included in the unit. 18. A coding apparatus for coding a picture to generate a coded stream, the picture including a plurality of units, each of the units including a plurality of blocks, the coding apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory memory having stored thereon executable instructions, which when executed, cause the processor to perform:
determining, using first information in a picture header of a picture, whether or not a first parameter to be used for coding a block is provided for a unit, the picture including the unit, the unit including the block; and
coding the block,
wherein, when the first parameter is determined to be provided, the coding includes deriving a value for dequantization by using the first parameter and the first parameter is used for other blocks included in the unit. | An image decoding method which can improve both image quality and coding efficiency is an image decoding method for decoding a coded stream which includes a plurality of processing units and a header for the processing units, the coded stream being generated by coding a moving picture, the processing units including at least one processing unit layered to be split into a plurality of smaller processing units, the image decoding method including specifying a hierarchical layer having a processing unit in which a parameter necessary for decoding is stored, by parsing hierarchy depth information stored in the header, and decoding the processing unit using the parameter stored in the processing unit located at the specified hierarchical layer.1-14. (canceled) 15. A decoding method for decoding a coded stream to generate a picture, the picture including a plurality of units, each of the units including a plurality of blocks, the decoding method comprising:
determining, using first information in a picture header of a picture, whether or not a first parameter to be used for decoding a block is provided for a unit, the picture including the unit, the unit including the block; and decoding the block, wherein, when the first parameter is determined to be provided, the decoding includes deriving a value for dequantization by using the first parameter and the first parameter is used for other blocks included in the unit. 16. A decoding apparatus for decoding a coded stream to generate a picture, the picture including a plurality of units, each of the units including a plurality of blocks, the decoding apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory memory having stored thereon executable instructions, which when executed, cause the processor to perform:
determining, using first information in a picture header of a picture, whether or not a first parameter to be used for decoding a block is provided for a unit, the picture including the unit, the unit including the block; and
decoding the block,
wherein, when the first parameter is determined to be provided, the decoding includes deriving a value for dequantization by using the first parameter and the first parameter is used for other blocks included in the unit. 17. A coding method for coding a picture to generate a coded stream, the picture including a plurality of units, each of the units including a plurality of blocks, the coding method comprising:
determining, using first information in a picture header of a picture, whether or not a first parameter to be used for coding a block is provided for a unit, the picture including the unit, the unit including the block; and coding the block, wherein, when the first parameter is determined to be provided, the coding includes deriving a value for dequantization by using the first parameter and the first parameter is used for other blocks included in the unit. 18. A coding apparatus for coding a picture to generate a coded stream, the picture including a plurality of units, each of the units including a plurality of blocks, the coding apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory memory having stored thereon executable instructions, which when executed, cause the processor to perform:
determining, using first information in a picture header of a picture, whether or not a first parameter to be used for coding a block is provided for a unit, the picture including the unit, the unit including the block; and
coding the block,
wherein, when the first parameter is determined to be provided, the coding includes deriving a value for dequantization by using the first parameter and the first parameter is used for other blocks included in the unit. | 3,700 |
340,964 | 16,801,253 | 3,736 | A semiconductor power device having shielded gate structure in an active area and trench field plate termination surrounding the active area is disclosed. A Zener diode connected between drain metal and source metal or gate metal for functioning as a SD or GD clamp diode. Trench field plate termination surrounding active area wherein only cell array located will not cause BV degradation when SD or GD poly clamped diode integrated. | 1. A semiconductor power device comprising:
an epitaxial layer of a first conductivity type extending over a substrate; a plurality of first type trenches formed in said epitaxial layer in an active area, each of said first type trenches being filled with a shielded gate structure comprising a first poly-silicon in a lower portion to serve as a shielded electrode and a second poly-silicon layer in an upper portion to serve as a gate electrode, wherein said shielded electrode is insulated from said epitaxial layer by a first insulating film and said gate electrode is insulated from said epitaxial layer by a gate insulating film which has a thickness less than said first insulating film, wherein said shielded electrode and said gate electrode are insulated from each other by a second insulating film; a trench field plate termination area comprises at least a second type trench surrounding said active area, wherein each said second type trench is filled with said shielded gate and connected with said source metal. a Gate-Drain(GD) clamp diode formed between a gate metal and a drain metal along said device periphery; and a Gate-Source(GS) clamp diode formed between said gate metal and said source metal. 2. The semiconductor power device of claim 1, wherein:
said shielded electrode is doped with a second conductivity type which is opposite to said first conductivity type and said gate electrode is doped with said first conductivity type. 3. The semiconductor power device of claim 1, wherein:
said shielded electrode and said gate electrode are doped with said first conductivity type. 4. The semiconductor power device of claim 1, further comprises a third type trenches filled with said shielded gate disposed directly and symmetrically underneath trenched contact areas of anode and cathode in said GD and GS clamp diodes, serving as a buffer layer for prevention of gate-drain shortage. 5. The semiconductor power device of claim 1, wherein:
said GD and GS clamp diodes are constituted of at least one pair of back to back Zener diodes comprising multiple alternatively arranged doped regions of said first conductivity type and doped regions of said second conductivity type opposite to said first conductivity type. 6. A semiconductor power device comprising:
an epitaxial layer of a first conductivity type extending over a substrate; a plurality of first type trenches formed in said epitaxial layer in an active area, each of said first type trenches being filled with a shielded gate structure comprising a first poly-silicon in a lower portion to serve as a shielded electrode and a second poly-silicon layer in an upper portion to serve as a gate electrode, wherein said shielded electrode is insulated from said epitaxial layer by a first insulating film and said gate electrode is insulated from said epitaxial layer by a gate insulating film which has a thickness less than said first insulating film, wherein said shielded electrode and said gate electrode are insulated from each other by a second insulating film; a trench field plate termination area comprises at least a second type trench surrounding said active area, wherein each said second type trench is filled with said shielded gate and connected with said source metal. a Source-Drain(SD) clamp diode formed between a source metal and a drain metal along said device periphery; and a Gate-Source(GS) clamp diode formed between said gate metal and said source metal. 7. The semiconductor power device of claim 6, wherein:
said shielded electrode is doped with a second conductivity type which is opposite to said first conductivity type and said gate electrode is doped with said first conductivity type. 8. The semiconductor power device of claim 6, wherein:
said shielded electrode and said gate electrode are doped with said first conductivity type. 9. The semiconductor power device of claim 6, further comprises a third type trenches filled with said shielded gate disposed directly and symmetrically underneath trenched contact areas of anode and cathode in said SD and GS clamp diodes, serving as a buffer layer for prevention of gate-drain shortage. 10. The semiconductor power device of claim 6, wherein:
said SD and GS clamp diodes are constituted of at least one pair of back to back Zener diodes comprising: multiple alternatively arranged doped regions of said first conductivity type and doped regions of said second conductivity type opposite to said first conductivity type. | A semiconductor power device having shielded gate structure in an active area and trench field plate termination surrounding the active area is disclosed. A Zener diode connected between drain metal and source metal or gate metal for functioning as a SD or GD clamp diode. Trench field plate termination surrounding active area wherein only cell array located will not cause BV degradation when SD or GD poly clamped diode integrated.1. A semiconductor power device comprising:
an epitaxial layer of a first conductivity type extending over a substrate; a plurality of first type trenches formed in said epitaxial layer in an active area, each of said first type trenches being filled with a shielded gate structure comprising a first poly-silicon in a lower portion to serve as a shielded electrode and a second poly-silicon layer in an upper portion to serve as a gate electrode, wherein said shielded electrode is insulated from said epitaxial layer by a first insulating film and said gate electrode is insulated from said epitaxial layer by a gate insulating film which has a thickness less than said first insulating film, wherein said shielded electrode and said gate electrode are insulated from each other by a second insulating film; a trench field plate termination area comprises at least a second type trench surrounding said active area, wherein each said second type trench is filled with said shielded gate and connected with said source metal. a Gate-Drain(GD) clamp diode formed between a gate metal and a drain metal along said device periphery; and a Gate-Source(GS) clamp diode formed between said gate metal and said source metal. 2. The semiconductor power device of claim 1, wherein:
said shielded electrode is doped with a second conductivity type which is opposite to said first conductivity type and said gate electrode is doped with said first conductivity type. 3. The semiconductor power device of claim 1, wherein:
said shielded electrode and said gate electrode are doped with said first conductivity type. 4. The semiconductor power device of claim 1, further comprises a third type trenches filled with said shielded gate disposed directly and symmetrically underneath trenched contact areas of anode and cathode in said GD and GS clamp diodes, serving as a buffer layer for prevention of gate-drain shortage. 5. The semiconductor power device of claim 1, wherein:
said GD and GS clamp diodes are constituted of at least one pair of back to back Zener diodes comprising multiple alternatively arranged doped regions of said first conductivity type and doped regions of said second conductivity type opposite to said first conductivity type. 6. A semiconductor power device comprising:
an epitaxial layer of a first conductivity type extending over a substrate; a plurality of first type trenches formed in said epitaxial layer in an active area, each of said first type trenches being filled with a shielded gate structure comprising a first poly-silicon in a lower portion to serve as a shielded electrode and a second poly-silicon layer in an upper portion to serve as a gate electrode, wherein said shielded electrode is insulated from said epitaxial layer by a first insulating film and said gate electrode is insulated from said epitaxial layer by a gate insulating film which has a thickness less than said first insulating film, wherein said shielded electrode and said gate electrode are insulated from each other by a second insulating film; a trench field plate termination area comprises at least a second type trench surrounding said active area, wherein each said second type trench is filled with said shielded gate and connected with said source metal. a Source-Drain(SD) clamp diode formed between a source metal and a drain metal along said device periphery; and a Gate-Source(GS) clamp diode formed between said gate metal and said source metal. 7. The semiconductor power device of claim 6, wherein:
said shielded electrode is doped with a second conductivity type which is opposite to said first conductivity type and said gate electrode is doped with said first conductivity type. 8. The semiconductor power device of claim 6, wherein:
said shielded electrode and said gate electrode are doped with said first conductivity type. 9. The semiconductor power device of claim 6, further comprises a third type trenches filled with said shielded gate disposed directly and symmetrically underneath trenched contact areas of anode and cathode in said SD and GS clamp diodes, serving as a buffer layer for prevention of gate-drain shortage. 10. The semiconductor power device of claim 6, wherein:
said SD and GS clamp diodes are constituted of at least one pair of back to back Zener diodes comprising: multiple alternatively arranged doped regions of said first conductivity type and doped regions of said second conductivity type opposite to said first conductivity type. | 3,700 |
340,965 | 16,801,250 | 1,645 | The present invention discloses beverage compositions comprising probiotic Bacillus coagulans and water soluble prebiotic fibers that have been subjected to treatments under extreme stress, temperature and pressure conditions like brewing or aeration wherein the spore viability is maintained post said treatments. | 1. A synergistic beverage composition comprising a water soluble prebiotic fiber and Bacillus coagulans in the form of spore and bacterium wherein the bacterial spore has the ability to survive extreme stress, temperature and aeration treatments of the beverage composition. 2. The composition as in claim 1, wherein the beverage is coffee, selected from the group comprising decaffeinated coffee, unroasted green coffee and roasted coffee. 3. The composition as in claim 1, wherein the beverage is tea, selected from the group comprising green tea, black tea, oolong tea, yellow tea, white tea, decaffeinated tea, rosehip tea, chamomile tea, jiaogulan tea, peppermint tea, rooibos tea, ginger tea, ginseng tea, or lemon grass tea. 4. The composition as in claim 1, wherein the water soluble fiber is selected from the group consisting of FOS, GOS, Inulin and polydextrose. 5. The composition as in claim 1, wherein the Bacillus coagulans strain comprises Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 or strains derived from Bacillus coagulans Hammer strain accession number ATCC 31284 or ATCC 7050. 6. The composition as in claim 1, wherein the spores comprise viable or heat killed or dead spores of Bacillus coagulans. 7. The composition as in claim 1, wherein the bacterium comprises viable or heat killed or dead or lysed vegetative cells of Bacillus coagulans. | The present invention discloses beverage compositions comprising probiotic Bacillus coagulans and water soluble prebiotic fibers that have been subjected to treatments under extreme stress, temperature and pressure conditions like brewing or aeration wherein the spore viability is maintained post said treatments.1. A synergistic beverage composition comprising a water soluble prebiotic fiber and Bacillus coagulans in the form of spore and bacterium wherein the bacterial spore has the ability to survive extreme stress, temperature and aeration treatments of the beverage composition. 2. The composition as in claim 1, wherein the beverage is coffee, selected from the group comprising decaffeinated coffee, unroasted green coffee and roasted coffee. 3. The composition as in claim 1, wherein the beverage is tea, selected from the group comprising green tea, black tea, oolong tea, yellow tea, white tea, decaffeinated tea, rosehip tea, chamomile tea, jiaogulan tea, peppermint tea, rooibos tea, ginger tea, ginseng tea, or lemon grass tea. 4. The composition as in claim 1, wherein the water soluble fiber is selected from the group consisting of FOS, GOS, Inulin and polydextrose. 5. The composition as in claim 1, wherein the Bacillus coagulans strain comprises Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 or strains derived from Bacillus coagulans Hammer strain accession number ATCC 31284 or ATCC 7050. 6. The composition as in claim 1, wherein the spores comprise viable or heat killed or dead spores of Bacillus coagulans. 7. The composition as in claim 1, wherein the bacterium comprises viable or heat killed or dead or lysed vegetative cells of Bacillus coagulans. | 1,600 |
340,966 | 16,801,218 | 1,645 | Techniques for context-based word embedding for programming artifacts are described herein. An aspect includes determining a plurality of keywords based on a corpus of programming artifacts, the corpus of programming artifacts including source code corresponding to a software project. Another aspect includes determining a plurality of context/keyword pair sets based on the plurality of keywords and the corpus of programming artifacts, wherein each context/keyword pair set of the plurality of context/keyword pair sets includes a first keyword, a second keyword, and a context type corresponding to a co-occurrence of the first keyword and the second keyword in the corpus of programming artifacts. Another aspect includes constructing a word embedding matrix based on the plurality of context/keyword pair sets. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
determining, by a processor, a plurality of keywords based on a corpus of programming artifacts, the corpus of programming artifacts comprising source code corresponding to a software project; determining a plurality of context/keyword pair sets based on the plurality of keywords and the corpus of programming artifacts, wherein each context/keyword pair set of the plurality of context/keyword pair sets comprises a first keyword, a second keyword, and a context type corresponding to a co-occurrence of the first keyword and the second keyword in the corpus of programming artifacts; and constructing a word embedding matrix based on the plurality of context/keyword pair sets. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the plurality of keywords comprises:
determining a naming convention of the corpus of programming artifacts; determining a plurality of tokens based on the determined naming convention; constructing a manifest feature vector based on the plurality of tokens and the corpus of programming artifacts; ranking the plurality of tokens based on the manifest feature vector; and selecting a subset of the plurality of tokens as keywords based on the manifest feature vector. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the naming convention comprises one of camel case, kebab case, and snake case. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the context type corresponds to a type of a statement in the source code of the corpus of programming artifacts, wherein the first keyword and the second keyword co-occur in the statement. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the context type corresponds to a business rule corresponding to the corpus of programming artifacts, wherein the first keyword and the second keyword co-occur in the business rule. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the context type corresponds to a common prefix or suffix of the first keyword and the second keyword in the corpus of programming artifacts. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein constructing the word embedding matrix based on the plurality of context/keyword pair sets comprises:
training a latent embedding matrix based on the plurality of context/keyword pair sets; and stacking the latent embedding matrix with a manifest feature vector corresponding to the corpus of programming artifacts to construct the word embedding matrix; and wherein the word embedding matrix is used to train a recurrent neural network (RNN) to process source code. 8. A system comprising:
a memory having computer readable instructions; and one or more processors for executing the computer readable instructions, the computer readable instructions controlling the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
determining a plurality of keywords based on a corpus of programming artifacts, the corpus of programming artifacts comprising source code corresponding to a software project;
determining a plurality of context/keyword pair sets based on the plurality of keywords and the corpus of programming artifacts, wherein each context/keyword pair set of the plurality of context/keyword pair sets comprises a first keyword, a second keyword, and a context type corresponding to a co-occurrence of the first keyword and the second keyword in the corpus of programming artifacts; and
constructing a word embedding matrix based on the plurality of context/keyword pair sets. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein determining the plurality of keywords comprises:
determining a naming convention of the corpus of programming artifacts; determining a plurality of tokens based on the determined naming convention; constructing a manifest feature vector based on the plurality of tokens and the corpus of programming artifacts; ranking the plurality of tokens based on the manifest feature vector; and selecting a subset of the plurality of tokens as keywords based on the manifest feature vector. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the naming convention comprises one of camel case, kebab case, and snake case. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the context type corresponds to a type of a statement in the source code of the corpus of programming artifacts, wherein the first keyword and the second keyword co-occur in the statement. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the context type corresponds to a business rule corresponding to the corpus of programming artifacts, wherein the first keyword and the second keyword co-occur in the business rule. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the context type corresponds to a common prefix or suffix of the first keyword and the second keyword in the corpus of programming artifacts. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein constructing the word embedding matrix based on the plurality of context/keyword pair sets comprises:
training a latent embedding matrix based on the plurality of context/keyword pair sets; and stacking the latent embedding matrix with a manifest feature vector corresponding to the corpus of programming artifacts to construct the word embedding matrix; and wherein the word embedding matrix is used to train a recurrent neural network (RNN) to process source code. 15. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by one or more processors to cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
determining a plurality of keywords based on a corpus of programming artifacts, the corpus of programming artifacts comprising source code corresponding to a software project; determining a plurality of context/keyword pair sets based on the plurality of keywords and the corpus of programming artifacts, wherein each context/keyword pair set of the plurality of context/keyword pair sets comprises a first keyword, a second keyword, and a context type corresponding to a co-occurrence of the first keyword and the second keyword in the corpus of programming artifacts; and constructing a word embedding matrix based on the plurality of context/keyword pair sets. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein determining the plurality of keywords comprises:
determining a naming convention of the corpus of programming artifacts; determining a plurality of tokens based on the determined naming convention; constructing a manifest feature vector based on the plurality of tokens and the corpus of programming artifacts; ranking the plurality of tokens based on the manifest feature vector; and selecting a subset of the plurality of tokens as keywords based on the manifest feature vector. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the naming convention comprises one of camel case, kebab case, and snake case. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the context type corresponds to a type of a statement in the source code of the corpus of programming artifacts, wherein the first keyword and the second keyword co-occur in the statement. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the context type corresponds to a business rule corresponding to the corpus of programming artifacts, wherein the first keyword and the second keyword co-occur in the business rule. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the context type corresponds to a common prefix or suffix of the first keyword and the second keyword in the corpus of programming artifacts. | Techniques for context-based word embedding for programming artifacts are described herein. An aspect includes determining a plurality of keywords based on a corpus of programming artifacts, the corpus of programming artifacts including source code corresponding to a software project. Another aspect includes determining a plurality of context/keyword pair sets based on the plurality of keywords and the corpus of programming artifacts, wherein each context/keyword pair set of the plurality of context/keyword pair sets includes a first keyword, a second keyword, and a context type corresponding to a co-occurrence of the first keyword and the second keyword in the corpus of programming artifacts. Another aspect includes constructing a word embedding matrix based on the plurality of context/keyword pair sets.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
determining, by a processor, a plurality of keywords based on a corpus of programming artifacts, the corpus of programming artifacts comprising source code corresponding to a software project; determining a plurality of context/keyword pair sets based on the plurality of keywords and the corpus of programming artifacts, wherein each context/keyword pair set of the plurality of context/keyword pair sets comprises a first keyword, a second keyword, and a context type corresponding to a co-occurrence of the first keyword and the second keyword in the corpus of programming artifacts; and constructing a word embedding matrix based on the plurality of context/keyword pair sets. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the plurality of keywords comprises:
determining a naming convention of the corpus of programming artifacts; determining a plurality of tokens based on the determined naming convention; constructing a manifest feature vector based on the plurality of tokens and the corpus of programming artifacts; ranking the plurality of tokens based on the manifest feature vector; and selecting a subset of the plurality of tokens as keywords based on the manifest feature vector. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the naming convention comprises one of camel case, kebab case, and snake case. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the context type corresponds to a type of a statement in the source code of the corpus of programming artifacts, wherein the first keyword and the second keyword co-occur in the statement. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the context type corresponds to a business rule corresponding to the corpus of programming artifacts, wherein the first keyword and the second keyword co-occur in the business rule. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the context type corresponds to a common prefix or suffix of the first keyword and the second keyword in the corpus of programming artifacts. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein constructing the word embedding matrix based on the plurality of context/keyword pair sets comprises:
training a latent embedding matrix based on the plurality of context/keyword pair sets; and stacking the latent embedding matrix with a manifest feature vector corresponding to the corpus of programming artifacts to construct the word embedding matrix; and wherein the word embedding matrix is used to train a recurrent neural network (RNN) to process source code. 8. A system comprising:
a memory having computer readable instructions; and one or more processors for executing the computer readable instructions, the computer readable instructions controlling the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
determining a plurality of keywords based on a corpus of programming artifacts, the corpus of programming artifacts comprising source code corresponding to a software project;
determining a plurality of context/keyword pair sets based on the plurality of keywords and the corpus of programming artifacts, wherein each context/keyword pair set of the plurality of context/keyword pair sets comprises a first keyword, a second keyword, and a context type corresponding to a co-occurrence of the first keyword and the second keyword in the corpus of programming artifacts; and
constructing a word embedding matrix based on the plurality of context/keyword pair sets. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein determining the plurality of keywords comprises:
determining a naming convention of the corpus of programming artifacts; determining a plurality of tokens based on the determined naming convention; constructing a manifest feature vector based on the plurality of tokens and the corpus of programming artifacts; ranking the plurality of tokens based on the manifest feature vector; and selecting a subset of the plurality of tokens as keywords based on the manifest feature vector. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the naming convention comprises one of camel case, kebab case, and snake case. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the context type corresponds to a type of a statement in the source code of the corpus of programming artifacts, wherein the first keyword and the second keyword co-occur in the statement. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the context type corresponds to a business rule corresponding to the corpus of programming artifacts, wherein the first keyword and the second keyword co-occur in the business rule. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the context type corresponds to a common prefix or suffix of the first keyword and the second keyword in the corpus of programming artifacts. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein constructing the word embedding matrix based on the plurality of context/keyword pair sets comprises:
training a latent embedding matrix based on the plurality of context/keyword pair sets; and stacking the latent embedding matrix with a manifest feature vector corresponding to the corpus of programming artifacts to construct the word embedding matrix; and wherein the word embedding matrix is used to train a recurrent neural network (RNN) to process source code. 15. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by one or more processors to cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
determining a plurality of keywords based on a corpus of programming artifacts, the corpus of programming artifacts comprising source code corresponding to a software project; determining a plurality of context/keyword pair sets based on the plurality of keywords and the corpus of programming artifacts, wherein each context/keyword pair set of the plurality of context/keyword pair sets comprises a first keyword, a second keyword, and a context type corresponding to a co-occurrence of the first keyword and the second keyword in the corpus of programming artifacts; and constructing a word embedding matrix based on the plurality of context/keyword pair sets. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein determining the plurality of keywords comprises:
determining a naming convention of the corpus of programming artifacts; determining a plurality of tokens based on the determined naming convention; constructing a manifest feature vector based on the plurality of tokens and the corpus of programming artifacts; ranking the plurality of tokens based on the manifest feature vector; and selecting a subset of the plurality of tokens as keywords based on the manifest feature vector. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the naming convention comprises one of camel case, kebab case, and snake case. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the context type corresponds to a type of a statement in the source code of the corpus of programming artifacts, wherein the first keyword and the second keyword co-occur in the statement. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the context type corresponds to a business rule corresponding to the corpus of programming artifacts, wherein the first keyword and the second keyword co-occur in the business rule. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the context type corresponds to a common prefix or suffix of the first keyword and the second keyword in the corpus of programming artifacts. | 1,600 |
340,967 | 16,801,237 | 1,645 | A recommendation sentence generation device according to the disclosure is a recommendation sentence generation device that generates a recommendation sentence about a facility. This recommendation sentence generation device is equipped with a selection unit that selects document data written about the facility, based on an appearance frequency of a topic word that is associated with the facility, and a correction unit that corrects a predetermined word that is included in the selected document data. | 1. A recommendation sentence generation device that generates a recommendation sentence about a subject matter, comprising:
a selection unit that selects a document written about the subject matter, based on an appearance frequency of a topic word that is associated with the subject matter; and a correction unit that corrects a predetermined word that is included in the selected document. 2. The recommendation sentence generation device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an extraction unit that extracts an important sentence from the selected document, based on a degree of importance indicating reliability of information, wherein the correction unit corrects the predetermined word that is included in the important sentence. 3. The recommendation sentence generation device according to claim 2, further comprising:
an importance degree calculation unit that calculates the degree of importance of a sentence that is included in the selected document, based on a word that is commonly used among a plurality of sentences in the selected document. 4. The recommendation sentence generation device according to claim 3, wherein
the importance degree calculation unit calculates the degree of importance of the sentence that is included in the selected document, based further on a quantity of additional information that is associated with the subject matter. 5. The recommendation sentence generation device according to claim 3, wherein
the importance degree calculation unit calculates the degree of importance of the sentence that is included in the selected document, using a weight corresponding to a characteristic word that is associated with the subject matter. 6. The recommendation sentence generation device according to claim 1, wherein
the correction unit carries out at least one of fixed conversion for converting the predetermined word into another predetermined word, random conversion for converting the predetermined word into one of a plurality of other predetermined words, and addition for adding another predetermined word to the predetermined word. 7. The recommendation sentence generation device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a classification unit that classifies the document into one of a plurality of topic clusters, based on the topic word, wherein the selection unit determines a main topic cluster from among the plurality of the topic clusters, based on a number of classified documents, and selects a document classified into the main topic cluster. 8. The recommendation sentence generation device according to claim 7, further comprising:
a total value calculation unit that quantifies words of each predetermined part of speech that is included in the document, and that calculates a total value of the document, wherein the classification unit classifies the document into one of the plurality of the topic clusters, based on the total value. 9. The recommendation sentence generation device according to claim 7, wherein the classification unit classifies the document into one of the plurality of the topic clusters, through use of an unsupervised data classification method. 10. A recommendation sentence generation method for generating a recommendation sentence about a subject matter, comprising:
a step of selecting a document written about the subject matter, based on an appearance frequency of a topic word that is associated with the subject matter; and a step of correcting a predetermined word that is included in the selected document. 11. A recommendation sentence generation program that is executed by a computer to generate a recommendation sentence about a subject matter, comprising:
a step of selecting a document written about the subject matter, based on an appearance frequency of a topic word that is associated with the subject matter; and a step of correcting a predetermined word that is included in the selected document. | A recommendation sentence generation device according to the disclosure is a recommendation sentence generation device that generates a recommendation sentence about a facility. This recommendation sentence generation device is equipped with a selection unit that selects document data written about the facility, based on an appearance frequency of a topic word that is associated with the facility, and a correction unit that corrects a predetermined word that is included in the selected document data.1. A recommendation sentence generation device that generates a recommendation sentence about a subject matter, comprising:
a selection unit that selects a document written about the subject matter, based on an appearance frequency of a topic word that is associated with the subject matter; and a correction unit that corrects a predetermined word that is included in the selected document. 2. The recommendation sentence generation device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an extraction unit that extracts an important sentence from the selected document, based on a degree of importance indicating reliability of information, wherein the correction unit corrects the predetermined word that is included in the important sentence. 3. The recommendation sentence generation device according to claim 2, further comprising:
an importance degree calculation unit that calculates the degree of importance of a sentence that is included in the selected document, based on a word that is commonly used among a plurality of sentences in the selected document. 4. The recommendation sentence generation device according to claim 3, wherein
the importance degree calculation unit calculates the degree of importance of the sentence that is included in the selected document, based further on a quantity of additional information that is associated with the subject matter. 5. The recommendation sentence generation device according to claim 3, wherein
the importance degree calculation unit calculates the degree of importance of the sentence that is included in the selected document, using a weight corresponding to a characteristic word that is associated with the subject matter. 6. The recommendation sentence generation device according to claim 1, wherein
the correction unit carries out at least one of fixed conversion for converting the predetermined word into another predetermined word, random conversion for converting the predetermined word into one of a plurality of other predetermined words, and addition for adding another predetermined word to the predetermined word. 7. The recommendation sentence generation device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a classification unit that classifies the document into one of a plurality of topic clusters, based on the topic word, wherein the selection unit determines a main topic cluster from among the plurality of the topic clusters, based on a number of classified documents, and selects a document classified into the main topic cluster. 8. The recommendation sentence generation device according to claim 7, further comprising:
a total value calculation unit that quantifies words of each predetermined part of speech that is included in the document, and that calculates a total value of the document, wherein the classification unit classifies the document into one of the plurality of the topic clusters, based on the total value. 9. The recommendation sentence generation device according to claim 7, wherein the classification unit classifies the document into one of the plurality of the topic clusters, through use of an unsupervised data classification method. 10. A recommendation sentence generation method for generating a recommendation sentence about a subject matter, comprising:
a step of selecting a document written about the subject matter, based on an appearance frequency of a topic word that is associated with the subject matter; and a step of correcting a predetermined word that is included in the selected document. 11. A recommendation sentence generation program that is executed by a computer to generate a recommendation sentence about a subject matter, comprising:
a step of selecting a document written about the subject matter, based on an appearance frequency of a topic word that is associated with the subject matter; and a step of correcting a predetermined word that is included in the selected document. | 1,600 |
340,968 | 16,801,257 | 1,627 | The present invention discloses a composition comprising not less than 10% w/w of oroxylin A, not less than 10% w/w of baicalein and not less than 2% w/w of chrysin for use in the therapeutic management of epilepsy. | 1. A method of therapeutic management of epileptic seizures in mammals, said method comprising steps of administering elective concentration of a composition comprising not less than 10% w/w of oroxylin A, not less than 10% w/w of baicalein and not less than 2% w/w of chrysin to mammals in need of such therapeutic management, to bring about a reduction in the severity and occurrence of seizures. 2. The method as in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises 10%-15% w/w of oroxylin A, 10%-25% w/w of baicalein and 2%-10% w/w of chrysin. 3. The method as in claim 1, wherein the mammal is human. 4. The method as in claim 1, wherein the composition is formulated with pharmaceutically/nutraceutically acceptable excipients, adjuvants, diluents or carriers and administered orally in the form of tablets, capsules, syrups, gummies, powders, suspensions, emulsions, chewables, candies and eatables. | The present invention discloses a composition comprising not less than 10% w/w of oroxylin A, not less than 10% w/w of baicalein and not less than 2% w/w of chrysin for use in the therapeutic management of epilepsy.1. A method of therapeutic management of epileptic seizures in mammals, said method comprising steps of administering elective concentration of a composition comprising not less than 10% w/w of oroxylin A, not less than 10% w/w of baicalein and not less than 2% w/w of chrysin to mammals in need of such therapeutic management, to bring about a reduction in the severity and occurrence of seizures. 2. The method as in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises 10%-15% w/w of oroxylin A, 10%-25% w/w of baicalein and 2%-10% w/w of chrysin. 3. The method as in claim 1, wherein the mammal is human. 4. The method as in claim 1, wherein the composition is formulated with pharmaceutically/nutraceutically acceptable excipients, adjuvants, diluents or carriers and administered orally in the form of tablets, capsules, syrups, gummies, powders, suspensions, emulsions, chewables, candies and eatables. | 1,600 |
340,969 | 16,801,251 | 3,741 | A gas turbine engine comprising an engine core comprising a compressor; a compressor bleed valve in fluid communication with the compressor and configured to release bleed air from the compressor; and a combustor comprising a fuel manifold configured to provide fuel to the combustor; wherein the fuel manifold is in thermal contact with a cooling conduit; and the gas turbine engine further comprises a fluid conduit to supply bleed air from the compressor bleed valve to the cooling conduit. | 1. A gas turbine engine having an engine core, the engine core comprising:
a compressor; a compressor bleed valve in fluid communication with the compressor, and configured to release bleed air from the compressor; a combustor comprising a fuel manifold, the fuel manifold configured to provide fuel to the combustor; and a cooling conduit that is in thermal contact with the fuel manifold; wherein the engine core further comprises a fluid conduit to supply bleed air from the compressor bleed valve to the cooling conduit. 2. The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein the engine core comprises first and second compressors, configured such that the second compressor operates at a higher pressure than the first compressor; and
the compressor bleed valve is in fluid communication with the first compressor. 3. The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein the engine comprises a bypass duct configured to carry a bypass airflow; and
the engine is configured such that air provided to the cooling conduit is exhausted to the bypass duct. 4. The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein the engine comprises a bypass duct configured to carry a bypass airflow; and
the engine further comprises: a first ancillary compressor configured to provide air to the cooling conduit; and a conduit configured to supply air from the bypass duct to the ancillary compressor. 5. The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, further comprising a first ancillary compressor configured to increase the pressure of the bleed air supplied to the cooling conduit. 6. The gas turbine engine according to claim 5, wherein the engine further comprises:
a bypass duct configured to carry a bypass airflow; and a conduit configured to supply air from the bypass duct to the first ancillary compressor. 7. The gas turbine engine according to claim 6, further comprising a control valve configured to control whether air is supplied to the first ancillary compressor from the compressor bleed valve and/or from the bypass duct. 8. The gas turbine engine according to claim 5, wherein the gas turbine engine comprises:
a bypass duct configured to carry a bypass airflow; a second ancillary compressor configured to provide air to the cooling conduit; and a conduit configured to supply air from the bypass duct to the second ancillary compressor. 9. The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein:
the engine core comprises a turbine and a core shaft, the core shaft connecting the turbine to the compressor; a fan located upstream of the engine core, the fan comprising a plurality of fan blades; and a gearbox that receives an input from the core shaft, and outputs drive to the fan so as to drive the fan at a lower rotational speed than the core shaft. 10. The gas turbine engine according to claim 9, wherein:
the turbine is a first turbine, the compressor is a first compressor, and the core shaft is a first core shaft; the engine core further comprises a second turbine, a second compressor, and a second core shaft, the second core shaft connecting the second turbine to the second compressor; and the second turbine, second compressor, and second core shaft are arranged to rotate at a higher rotational speed than the first core shaft. | A gas turbine engine comprising an engine core comprising a compressor; a compressor bleed valve in fluid communication with the compressor and configured to release bleed air from the compressor; and a combustor comprising a fuel manifold configured to provide fuel to the combustor; wherein the fuel manifold is in thermal contact with a cooling conduit; and the gas turbine engine further comprises a fluid conduit to supply bleed air from the compressor bleed valve to the cooling conduit.1. A gas turbine engine having an engine core, the engine core comprising:
a compressor; a compressor bleed valve in fluid communication with the compressor, and configured to release bleed air from the compressor; a combustor comprising a fuel manifold, the fuel manifold configured to provide fuel to the combustor; and a cooling conduit that is in thermal contact with the fuel manifold; wherein the engine core further comprises a fluid conduit to supply bleed air from the compressor bleed valve to the cooling conduit. 2. The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein the engine core comprises first and second compressors, configured such that the second compressor operates at a higher pressure than the first compressor; and
the compressor bleed valve is in fluid communication with the first compressor. 3. The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein the engine comprises a bypass duct configured to carry a bypass airflow; and
the engine is configured such that air provided to the cooling conduit is exhausted to the bypass duct. 4. The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein the engine comprises a bypass duct configured to carry a bypass airflow; and
the engine further comprises: a first ancillary compressor configured to provide air to the cooling conduit; and a conduit configured to supply air from the bypass duct to the ancillary compressor. 5. The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, further comprising a first ancillary compressor configured to increase the pressure of the bleed air supplied to the cooling conduit. 6. The gas turbine engine according to claim 5, wherein the engine further comprises:
a bypass duct configured to carry a bypass airflow; and a conduit configured to supply air from the bypass duct to the first ancillary compressor. 7. The gas turbine engine according to claim 6, further comprising a control valve configured to control whether air is supplied to the first ancillary compressor from the compressor bleed valve and/or from the bypass duct. 8. The gas turbine engine according to claim 5, wherein the gas turbine engine comprises:
a bypass duct configured to carry a bypass airflow; a second ancillary compressor configured to provide air to the cooling conduit; and a conduit configured to supply air from the bypass duct to the second ancillary compressor. 9. The gas turbine engine according to claim 1, wherein:
the engine core comprises a turbine and a core shaft, the core shaft connecting the turbine to the compressor; a fan located upstream of the engine core, the fan comprising a plurality of fan blades; and a gearbox that receives an input from the core shaft, and outputs drive to the fan so as to drive the fan at a lower rotational speed than the core shaft. 10. The gas turbine engine according to claim 9, wherein:
the turbine is a first turbine, the compressor is a first compressor, and the core shaft is a first core shaft; the engine core further comprises a second turbine, a second compressor, and a second core shaft, the second core shaft connecting the second turbine to the second compressor; and the second turbine, second compressor, and second core shaft are arranged to rotate at a higher rotational speed than the first core shaft. | 3,700 |
340,970 | 16,801,229 | 2,632 | An image projection apparatus that can be attached to a vehicle and can be effectively utilized for acquisition of road surface condition information, detection of a hidden vehicle, and the like is provided. The image projection apparatus that projects an image includes: an acquisition unit that acquires information related to a vehicle; an image projection unit that projects an image based on the information acquired by the acquisition unit; and imaging means that acquires an image outside the vehicle, the image projection unit projects light in a wavelength band centered on a wavelength of 1.4 μm and the imaging means provides the information related to the vehicle by imaging an image projected based on the light in the wavelength band centered on the wavelength of 1.4 μm. | 1. A system for being mounted on a vehicle, having an image projection system for projecting an image on a road surface, comprising:
an image projection system comprises a plurality of projectors including an information image projector and a sensing light projector; a camera configured to image an outside of the vehicle, and a controller configured to control the image projection system and the camera, wherein the information image projector is configured to comprise: a light source configured to irradiate light; a light modulator configured to modulate the light from the light source based on the information related to a vehicle input by the controller and generate an information image; and a projection optical system configured to project the information image generated by the light modulator on a road surface; wherein the sensing light projector is configured to project a predetermined wavelength light for sensing on the road surface, wherein the camera is further configured to image the road surface by using the predetermined wavelength light projected on the road surface, and wherein both of the light for the information image and the predetermined wavelength light for sensing are projected via a common light-synthesizing optical element. 2. The system according to claim 1,
wherein the predetermined wavelength light for sensing is light of a wavelength of 1.4 μm. 3. The system according to claim 1,
wherein the light modulator is a transmissive liquid crystal panel, reflective liquid crystal panel, or a digital micromirror device. 4. The system according to claim 1,
wherein the light source is a high pressure mercury lamp, a xenon lamp, a LED light source, or a laser light source. 5. The system according to claim 1,
wherein the controller is further configured to control the information image to compensate for the road surface condition. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein
the controller is further configured to input a signal including information related to steering wheel angle of the vehicle and to control the information image projector to change the information image based on the information related to steering wheel angle of the vehicle. 7. The system according to claim 1, wherein,
the plurality of projectors are configured to comprise: a first projector mounted on a front right side of the vehicle; and a second projector mounted on a front left side of the vehicle. 8. The system according to claim 7, wherein,
the first projector is arranged near a right side headlight of the vehicle; and the second projector is arranged near a left side headlight of the vehicle. 9. The system according to claim 1, wherein,
the plurality of projectors is configured to comprises a projector configured to project an information image backward from the vehicle. 10. The system according to claim 1, wherein,
the information image projector is further configured to project the information image forward from the vehicle. | An image projection apparatus that can be attached to a vehicle and can be effectively utilized for acquisition of road surface condition information, detection of a hidden vehicle, and the like is provided. The image projection apparatus that projects an image includes: an acquisition unit that acquires information related to a vehicle; an image projection unit that projects an image based on the information acquired by the acquisition unit; and imaging means that acquires an image outside the vehicle, the image projection unit projects light in a wavelength band centered on a wavelength of 1.4 μm and the imaging means provides the information related to the vehicle by imaging an image projected based on the light in the wavelength band centered on the wavelength of 1.4 μm.1. A system for being mounted on a vehicle, having an image projection system for projecting an image on a road surface, comprising:
an image projection system comprises a plurality of projectors including an information image projector and a sensing light projector; a camera configured to image an outside of the vehicle, and a controller configured to control the image projection system and the camera, wherein the information image projector is configured to comprise: a light source configured to irradiate light; a light modulator configured to modulate the light from the light source based on the information related to a vehicle input by the controller and generate an information image; and a projection optical system configured to project the information image generated by the light modulator on a road surface; wherein the sensing light projector is configured to project a predetermined wavelength light for sensing on the road surface, wherein the camera is further configured to image the road surface by using the predetermined wavelength light projected on the road surface, and wherein both of the light for the information image and the predetermined wavelength light for sensing are projected via a common light-synthesizing optical element. 2. The system according to claim 1,
wherein the predetermined wavelength light for sensing is light of a wavelength of 1.4 μm. 3. The system according to claim 1,
wherein the light modulator is a transmissive liquid crystal panel, reflective liquid crystal panel, or a digital micromirror device. 4. The system according to claim 1,
wherein the light source is a high pressure mercury lamp, a xenon lamp, a LED light source, or a laser light source. 5. The system according to claim 1,
wherein the controller is further configured to control the information image to compensate for the road surface condition. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein
the controller is further configured to input a signal including information related to steering wheel angle of the vehicle and to control the information image projector to change the information image based on the information related to steering wheel angle of the vehicle. 7. The system according to claim 1, wherein,
the plurality of projectors are configured to comprise: a first projector mounted on a front right side of the vehicle; and a second projector mounted on a front left side of the vehicle. 8. The system according to claim 7, wherein,
the first projector is arranged near a right side headlight of the vehicle; and the second projector is arranged near a left side headlight of the vehicle. 9. The system according to claim 1, wherein,
the plurality of projectors is configured to comprises a projector configured to project an information image backward from the vehicle. 10. The system according to claim 1, wherein,
the information image projector is further configured to project the information image forward from the vehicle. | 2,600 |
340,971 | 16,801,186 | 2,632 | An imaging and quantum cryptography apparatus comprising alight-refracting optical setup (101), a light-directing optical setup (102), an imaging sensor (103) capturing light refracted from the light-refracting optical setup and directed to the imaging sensor by the light-directing optical setup and at least one of a quantum key distribution (QKD) transmitter (104) generating a QKD light signal and transmitting the QKD light signal via the light-directing optical setup and through the light-refracting optical setup and a QKD receiver (105) acquiring and decoding light signals refracted from the light-refracting optical setup and directed to the QKD receiver by the light-directing optical setup. The imaging sensor, the at least one of QKD transmitter and QKD receiver, and the alignment unit, all use the same light-directing optical setup and the same light-refracting optical setup. | 1. An imaging and quantum cryptography apparatus, comprising:
a light-refracting optical setup; a light-directing optical setup; an imaging sensor capturing light refracted from the light-refracting optical setup and directed to the imaging sensor by the light-directing optical setup; at least one of:
a quantum key distribution (QKD) transmitter generating a QKD light signal and transmitting the QKD light signal via the light-directing optical setup and through the light-refracting optical setup;
a QKD receiver acquiring and decoding light signals refracted from the light-refracting optical setup and directed to the QKD receiver by the light-directing optical setup; and
an alignment unit aligning the at least one of QKD transmitter and QKD receiver to a coupled QKD apparatus via the light-directing optical setup and the light-refracting optical setup, wherein the imaging sensor, the at least one of QKD transmitter and QKD receiver, and the alignment unit, all use the same light-directing optical setup and the same light-refracting optical setup. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a controller operating at least one of the imaging sensor, the alignment unit, the QKD transmitter, the QKD receiver, the light-refracting optical setup and the light-directing optical setup. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light-directing optical setup includes a beam-splitting optical setup which is separating light by wavelength. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the beam-splitting optical setup includes a tri-chroic prism assembly. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the alignment unit includes a beacon device for locking and tracking the light signals. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light-refracting optical setup includes a telescope. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the imaging sensor includes a high resolution camera. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, included in payload architecture for use in an un-manned platform. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is operating the imaging sensor, the QKD transmitter and the QKD receiver based on location of the apparatus. 10. A system comprising:
the apparatus of claim 1; and a QKD device coupled with the apparatus of claim 1. 11. A method of controlling an imaging and quantum cryptography apparatus, comprising:
instructing an imaging sensor to capture light refracting from a light-refracting optical setup and directed into the imaging sensor by a light-directing optical setup; instructing a quantum key distribution (QKD) transmitter to generate a QKD light signal and transmit the QKD light signal via the light-directing optical setup and through the light-refracting optical setup; and instructing an alignment unit to align the QKD transmitter to a coupled QKD apparatus via the light-directing optical setup and the light-refracting optical setup, wherein the imaging sensor, the QKD transmitter, and the alignment unit, all use the same light-directing optical setup and the same light-refracting optical setup. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
instructing a QKD receiver to acquire and decode light signals refracted from the light-refracting optical setup and directed by a light-directing optical setup into the QKD receiver. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising, before the instructing of the QKD:
orienting the light-refracting optical setup to the direction of the coupled QKD apparatus. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light-directing optical setup directs the light from the light-refracting optical setup to the imaging sensor, the QKD receiver and the alignment unit, and from the QKD transmitter to the light-refracting optical setup. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the alignment unit performs alignment using the imaging sensor by receiving an imaging input of the coupled QKD apparatus from the imaging sensor. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a controller that instructs the alignment unit to align the at least one of QKD transmitter and QKD receiver to the coupled QKD apparatus during a QKD session. 17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light-directing optical setup separates received and transmitted EM signals into a first frequency band for the imaging sensor, a second frequency band for the alignment unit, and a third frequency band for the QKD transmitter. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the light directing optical setup includes a first prism to separate the received and transmitted EM signals into the first frequency band for the imaging second, a second prism to separate the received and transmitted EM signals into the second frequency band for the alignment unit, and a third prism to separate the received and transmitted EM signals into the third frequency band for the QKD transmitter. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the first frequency band is in the range 400-750 nm, the second frequency band is in the range 528-536 nm, and the third frequency band is in the range 840-890 nm. 20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is implemented in a satellite, wherein during a portion of an orbit the imaging sensor is operating while lighting conditions permit, and during a rest of the orbit when imagery acquisition cannot be performed with satisfactory results a QKD mission using the at least one of QKD transmitter and receiver is performed. | An imaging and quantum cryptography apparatus comprising alight-refracting optical setup (101), a light-directing optical setup (102), an imaging sensor (103) capturing light refracted from the light-refracting optical setup and directed to the imaging sensor by the light-directing optical setup and at least one of a quantum key distribution (QKD) transmitter (104) generating a QKD light signal and transmitting the QKD light signal via the light-directing optical setup and through the light-refracting optical setup and a QKD receiver (105) acquiring and decoding light signals refracted from the light-refracting optical setup and directed to the QKD receiver by the light-directing optical setup. The imaging sensor, the at least one of QKD transmitter and QKD receiver, and the alignment unit, all use the same light-directing optical setup and the same light-refracting optical setup.1. An imaging and quantum cryptography apparatus, comprising:
a light-refracting optical setup; a light-directing optical setup; an imaging sensor capturing light refracted from the light-refracting optical setup and directed to the imaging sensor by the light-directing optical setup; at least one of:
a quantum key distribution (QKD) transmitter generating a QKD light signal and transmitting the QKD light signal via the light-directing optical setup and through the light-refracting optical setup;
a QKD receiver acquiring and decoding light signals refracted from the light-refracting optical setup and directed to the QKD receiver by the light-directing optical setup; and
an alignment unit aligning the at least one of QKD transmitter and QKD receiver to a coupled QKD apparatus via the light-directing optical setup and the light-refracting optical setup, wherein the imaging sensor, the at least one of QKD transmitter and QKD receiver, and the alignment unit, all use the same light-directing optical setup and the same light-refracting optical setup. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a controller operating at least one of the imaging sensor, the alignment unit, the QKD transmitter, the QKD receiver, the light-refracting optical setup and the light-directing optical setup. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light-directing optical setup includes a beam-splitting optical setup which is separating light by wavelength. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the beam-splitting optical setup includes a tri-chroic prism assembly. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the alignment unit includes a beacon device for locking and tracking the light signals. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light-refracting optical setup includes a telescope. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the imaging sensor includes a high resolution camera. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, included in payload architecture for use in an un-manned platform. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is operating the imaging sensor, the QKD transmitter and the QKD receiver based on location of the apparatus. 10. A system comprising:
the apparatus of claim 1; and a QKD device coupled with the apparatus of claim 1. 11. A method of controlling an imaging and quantum cryptography apparatus, comprising:
instructing an imaging sensor to capture light refracting from a light-refracting optical setup and directed into the imaging sensor by a light-directing optical setup; instructing a quantum key distribution (QKD) transmitter to generate a QKD light signal and transmit the QKD light signal via the light-directing optical setup and through the light-refracting optical setup; and instructing an alignment unit to align the QKD transmitter to a coupled QKD apparatus via the light-directing optical setup and the light-refracting optical setup, wherein the imaging sensor, the QKD transmitter, and the alignment unit, all use the same light-directing optical setup and the same light-refracting optical setup. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
instructing a QKD receiver to acquire and decode light signals refracted from the light-refracting optical setup and directed by a light-directing optical setup into the QKD receiver. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising, before the instructing of the QKD:
orienting the light-refracting optical setup to the direction of the coupled QKD apparatus. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light-directing optical setup directs the light from the light-refracting optical setup to the imaging sensor, the QKD receiver and the alignment unit, and from the QKD transmitter to the light-refracting optical setup. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the alignment unit performs alignment using the imaging sensor by receiving an imaging input of the coupled QKD apparatus from the imaging sensor. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a controller that instructs the alignment unit to align the at least one of QKD transmitter and QKD receiver to the coupled QKD apparatus during a QKD session. 17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light-directing optical setup separates received and transmitted EM signals into a first frequency band for the imaging sensor, a second frequency band for the alignment unit, and a third frequency band for the QKD transmitter. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the light directing optical setup includes a first prism to separate the received and transmitted EM signals into the first frequency band for the imaging second, a second prism to separate the received and transmitted EM signals into the second frequency band for the alignment unit, and a third prism to separate the received and transmitted EM signals into the third frequency band for the QKD transmitter. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the first frequency band is in the range 400-750 nm, the second frequency band is in the range 528-536 nm, and the third frequency band is in the range 840-890 nm. 20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is implemented in a satellite, wherein during a portion of an orbit the imaging sensor is operating while lighting conditions permit, and during a rest of the orbit when imagery acquisition cannot be performed with satisfactory results a QKD mission using the at least one of QKD transmitter and receiver is performed. | 2,600 |
340,972 | 16,801,201 | 2,632 | Managing ETL (extract-transform-load) operation execution by receiving an updated ETL (extract-transform-load) job flow, determining affected stages of a current ETL job flow, sending a message to stop data flow for all stages of the current ETL job flow, sending a switch message along the current ETL job flow through the affected stages, receiving notice of receipt of the switch message downstream from the affected stages of the current ETL job flow, moving an affected stage of the current ETL job flow from a first ETL section to a second ETL section; and resuming data flow according to the updated ETL job flow. | 1. A computer implemented method for managing ETL (extract-transform-load) operation execution, the method comprising:
receiving an updated ETL (extract-transform-load) job flow; determining affected stages of a current ETL job flow; sending a message to stop data flow for all unaffected stages of the current ETL job flow; sending a switch message along the current ETL job flow through the affected stages; receiving notice of receipt of the switch message downstream from the affected stages of the current ETL job flow; moving an affected stage of the current ETL job flow from one side of a remote stage to another side of the remote stage; and resuming data flow according to the updated ETL job flow. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein moving an affected stage includes moving to a new virtual machine. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein moving an affected stage includes moving to a new cloud environment. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the current and updated ETL flows are embodied in non-cyclic graphs. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a first section of the current ETL flow for replacement; instantiating a second section according to the updated ETL flow; ceasing data flow through the first section; sending a switch message through the first section of the first ETL flow; receiving notice that the switch message has passed through the first section of the first ETL flow; and replacing the first section of the first ETL flow with the second section. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
stopping data flow from all other first ETL flow stages; sending, by a first ETL flow stage, a switch message along the first ETL flow; receiving notice of receipt of the switch message at a first ETL flow destination stage; constructing a new ETL flow; and starting data flow in the new ETL flow. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein moving the affected stage of the current ETL job flow from a first ETL section to a second ETL section, comprises moving the affected stage upstream. 8. A computer program product for managing ETL (extract-transform-load) operation execution, the computer program product comprising one or more computer readable storage devices and program instructions collectively stored on the one or more computer readable storage devices, the stored program instructions comprising:
program instructions to receive an updated ETL (extract-transform-load) job flow; program instructions to determine affected stages of a current ETL job flow; program instructions to send a message to stop data flow for all unaffected stages of the current ETL job flow; program instructions to send a switch message along the current ETL job flow through the affected stages; program instructions to receive notice of receipt of the switch message downstream from the affected stages of the current ETL job flow; program instructions to move an affected stage of the current ETL job flow from one side of a remote stage to another side of the remote stage; and program instructions to resume data flow according to the updated ETL job flow. 9. The computer program product according to claim 8, wherein moving an affected stage comprises moving to a new virtual machine. 10. The computer program product according to claim 8, wherein moving the affected stage comprises moving to a new cloud environment. 11. The computer program product according to claim 8, wherein the current and updated ETL flows are embodied in non-cyclic graphs. 12. The computer program product according to claim 8, the stored program instructions further comprising:
program instructions to identify a first section of the current ETL flow for replacement; program instructions to instantiate a second section according to the updated ETL flow; program instructions to cease data flow through the first section; program instructions to send a switch message through the first section of the first ETL flow; program instructions to receive notice that the switch message has passed through the first section of the first ETL flow; and program instructions to replace the first section of the first ETL flow with the second section. 13. The computer program product according to claim 8, the stored program instructions further comprising:
program instructions to stop data flow from all other first ETL flow stages; program instructions to send, by a first ETL flow stage, a switch message along the first ETL flow; program instructions to receive notice of receipt of the switch message at a first ETL flow destination stage; program instructions to construct a new ETL flow; and program instructions to start data flow in the new ETL flow. 14. The computer program product according to claim 8, wherein moving the affected stage of the current ETL job flow from a first ETL section to a second ETL section, comprises moving the affected stage upstream. 15. A computer system for managing ETL (extract-transform-load) operation execution, the computer system comprising:
one or more computer processors; one or more computer readable storage devices; and stored program instructions on the one or more computer readable storage devices for execution by the one or more computer processors, the stored program instructions comprising:
program instructions to receive an updated ETL (extract-transform-load) job flow;
program instructions to determine affected stages of a current ETL job flow;
program instructions to send a message to stop data flow for all unaffected stages of the current ETL job flow;
program instructions to send a switch message along the current ETL job flow through the affected stages;
program instructions to receive notice of receipt of the switch message downstream from the affected stages of the current ETL job flow;
program instructions to move an affected stage of the current ETL job flow from one side of a remote stage to another side of the remote stage; and
program instructions to resume data flow according to the updated ETL job flow. 16. The computer system according to claim 15, wherein moving an affected stage comprises moving to a new virtual machine. 17. The computer system according to claim 15, wherein moving the affected stage comprises moving to a new cloud environment. 18. The computer system according to claim 15, wherein the current and updated ETL flows are embodied in non-cyclic graphs. 19. The computer system according to claim 15, the stored program instructions further comprising:
program instructions to identify a first section of the current ETL flow for replacement; program instructions to instantiate a second section according to the updated ETL flow; program instructions to cease data flow through the first section; program instructions to send a switch message through the first section of the first ETL flow; program instructions to receive notice that the switch message has passed through the first section of the first ETL flow; and program instructions to replace the first section of the first ETL flow with the second section. 20. The computer system according to claim 15, the stored program instructions further comprising:
program instructions to stop data flow from all other first ETL flow stages; program instructions to send, by a first ETL flow stage, a switch message along the first ETL flow; program instructions to receive notice of receipt of the switch message at a first ETL flow destination stage; program instructions to construct a new ETL flow; and program instructions to start data flow in the new ETL flow. | Managing ETL (extract-transform-load) operation execution by receiving an updated ETL (extract-transform-load) job flow, determining affected stages of a current ETL job flow, sending a message to stop data flow for all stages of the current ETL job flow, sending a switch message along the current ETL job flow through the affected stages, receiving notice of receipt of the switch message downstream from the affected stages of the current ETL job flow, moving an affected stage of the current ETL job flow from a first ETL section to a second ETL section; and resuming data flow according to the updated ETL job flow.1. A computer implemented method for managing ETL (extract-transform-load) operation execution, the method comprising:
receiving an updated ETL (extract-transform-load) job flow; determining affected stages of a current ETL job flow; sending a message to stop data flow for all unaffected stages of the current ETL job flow; sending a switch message along the current ETL job flow through the affected stages; receiving notice of receipt of the switch message downstream from the affected stages of the current ETL job flow; moving an affected stage of the current ETL job flow from one side of a remote stage to another side of the remote stage; and resuming data flow according to the updated ETL job flow. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein moving an affected stage includes moving to a new virtual machine. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein moving an affected stage includes moving to a new cloud environment. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the current and updated ETL flows are embodied in non-cyclic graphs. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a first section of the current ETL flow for replacement; instantiating a second section according to the updated ETL flow; ceasing data flow through the first section; sending a switch message through the first section of the first ETL flow; receiving notice that the switch message has passed through the first section of the first ETL flow; and replacing the first section of the first ETL flow with the second section. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
stopping data flow from all other first ETL flow stages; sending, by a first ETL flow stage, a switch message along the first ETL flow; receiving notice of receipt of the switch message at a first ETL flow destination stage; constructing a new ETL flow; and starting data flow in the new ETL flow. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein moving the affected stage of the current ETL job flow from a first ETL section to a second ETL section, comprises moving the affected stage upstream. 8. A computer program product for managing ETL (extract-transform-load) operation execution, the computer program product comprising one or more computer readable storage devices and program instructions collectively stored on the one or more computer readable storage devices, the stored program instructions comprising:
program instructions to receive an updated ETL (extract-transform-load) job flow; program instructions to determine affected stages of a current ETL job flow; program instructions to send a message to stop data flow for all unaffected stages of the current ETL job flow; program instructions to send a switch message along the current ETL job flow through the affected stages; program instructions to receive notice of receipt of the switch message downstream from the affected stages of the current ETL job flow; program instructions to move an affected stage of the current ETL job flow from one side of a remote stage to another side of the remote stage; and program instructions to resume data flow according to the updated ETL job flow. 9. The computer program product according to claim 8, wherein moving an affected stage comprises moving to a new virtual machine. 10. The computer program product according to claim 8, wherein moving the affected stage comprises moving to a new cloud environment. 11. The computer program product according to claim 8, wherein the current and updated ETL flows are embodied in non-cyclic graphs. 12. The computer program product according to claim 8, the stored program instructions further comprising:
program instructions to identify a first section of the current ETL flow for replacement; program instructions to instantiate a second section according to the updated ETL flow; program instructions to cease data flow through the first section; program instructions to send a switch message through the first section of the first ETL flow; program instructions to receive notice that the switch message has passed through the first section of the first ETL flow; and program instructions to replace the first section of the first ETL flow with the second section. 13. The computer program product according to claim 8, the stored program instructions further comprising:
program instructions to stop data flow from all other first ETL flow stages; program instructions to send, by a first ETL flow stage, a switch message along the first ETL flow; program instructions to receive notice of receipt of the switch message at a first ETL flow destination stage; program instructions to construct a new ETL flow; and program instructions to start data flow in the new ETL flow. 14. The computer program product according to claim 8, wherein moving the affected stage of the current ETL job flow from a first ETL section to a second ETL section, comprises moving the affected stage upstream. 15. A computer system for managing ETL (extract-transform-load) operation execution, the computer system comprising:
one or more computer processors; one or more computer readable storage devices; and stored program instructions on the one or more computer readable storage devices for execution by the one or more computer processors, the stored program instructions comprising:
program instructions to receive an updated ETL (extract-transform-load) job flow;
program instructions to determine affected stages of a current ETL job flow;
program instructions to send a message to stop data flow for all unaffected stages of the current ETL job flow;
program instructions to send a switch message along the current ETL job flow through the affected stages;
program instructions to receive notice of receipt of the switch message downstream from the affected stages of the current ETL job flow;
program instructions to move an affected stage of the current ETL job flow from one side of a remote stage to another side of the remote stage; and
program instructions to resume data flow according to the updated ETL job flow. 16. The computer system according to claim 15, wherein moving an affected stage comprises moving to a new virtual machine. 17. The computer system according to claim 15, wherein moving the affected stage comprises moving to a new cloud environment. 18. The computer system according to claim 15, wherein the current and updated ETL flows are embodied in non-cyclic graphs. 19. The computer system according to claim 15, the stored program instructions further comprising:
program instructions to identify a first section of the current ETL flow for replacement; program instructions to instantiate a second section according to the updated ETL flow; program instructions to cease data flow through the first section; program instructions to send a switch message through the first section of the first ETL flow; program instructions to receive notice that the switch message has passed through the first section of the first ETL flow; and program instructions to replace the first section of the first ETL flow with the second section. 20. The computer system according to claim 15, the stored program instructions further comprising:
program instructions to stop data flow from all other first ETL flow stages; program instructions to send, by a first ETL flow stage, a switch message along the first ETL flow; program instructions to receive notice of receipt of the switch message at a first ETL flow destination stage; program instructions to construct a new ETL flow; and program instructions to start data flow in the new ETL flow. | 2,600 |
340,973 | 16,801,238 | 2,115 | Utility knife with a replaceable blade and a system and method for determining the End of Life of the blade comprising one or more sensors for detecting blade use, a communication unit adapted to establish a wireless connection to a computer cloud network and to send and receive information via wireless transmission to be stored and processed by a control system with a control CPU and a control memory, the information being a series of values recorded by said sensor by time, stored in the control memory as data sets using machine learning or artificial intelligence for determining common or similar values of recorded parameters in the stored data sets or of values calculated from these parameters according to a predefined logic, for use as reference values indicating the End of Life of the blade. | 1. A utility knife with a replaceable blade, comprising:
one or more sensors for detecting blade use, and a communication unit wherein said communication unit being adapted to establish a wireless connection to a computer cloud network and to send and receive information via wireless transmission. 2. The utility knife of claim 1,
further comprising an internal memory and a CPU, said CPU being adapted to record values obtained by the sensor and storing said values into the memory as a series of values by time. 3. The utility knife of claim 2,
wherein said internal memory being adapted to store a reference value (received via communication unit) and said CPU being adapted to compare said reference value with values obtained by the sensor. 4. The utility knife of claim 3,
further comprising an indicator, wherein said indicator is activated if said reference value is matched or exceeded by one of said values obtained by the sensor. 5. The utility knife of claim 2,
wherein said CPU being adapted to integrate values recorded by the sensor and storing said integrated value into the memory. 6. The utility knife of claim 5,
wherein said internal memory being adapted to store a reference value (received via communication unit) and said CPU being adapted to compare said reference value with said integrated value. 7. The utility knife of claim 6,
further comprising an indicator, wherein said indicator is activated as soon as said reference value is matched or exceeded by said integrated value. 8. System for determining the End of Life of the replaceable blade of the utility knife of claim 1,
further comprising a control system with a control CPU and a control memory, adapted to receive, store and process information from the communication unit via wireless transmission. 9. The system of claim 8,
wherein said control system records and stores an information set received from the communication unit, said information set being a series of values recorded by said sensor by time, said information set being sent from the communication unit as soon as a trigger event occurs in the proximity of the control system. 10. The system of claim 9,
wherein the trigger event is initiated by a sensor detecting the removal of the blade from the utility knife. 11. The system of claim 9,
further comprising a blade dispensing station containing new replacement blades, wherein the trigger event is initiated by a sensor detecting the removal of a new replacement blade from the blade dispensing station. 12. A Method for determining the End of Life of the replaceable blade using the system of claim 9,
wherein the information set is stored in the control memory as an additional data set, said control CPU calculates an average, a maximum and a minimum value of all stored data sets. 13. The Method of claim 12,
wherein the control system sends one of the average, maximum or minimum values to the communication unit as a new reference value. 14. The Method of claim 12,
wherein machine learning or artificial intelligence is used for determining common or similar values of recorded parameters in the stored data sets or of values calculated from these parameters according to a predefined logic, for use as reference values. | Utility knife with a replaceable blade and a system and method for determining the End of Life of the blade comprising one or more sensors for detecting blade use, a communication unit adapted to establish a wireless connection to a computer cloud network and to send and receive information via wireless transmission to be stored and processed by a control system with a control CPU and a control memory, the information being a series of values recorded by said sensor by time, stored in the control memory as data sets using machine learning or artificial intelligence for determining common or similar values of recorded parameters in the stored data sets or of values calculated from these parameters according to a predefined logic, for use as reference values indicating the End of Life of the blade.1. A utility knife with a replaceable blade, comprising:
one or more sensors for detecting blade use, and a communication unit wherein said communication unit being adapted to establish a wireless connection to a computer cloud network and to send and receive information via wireless transmission. 2. The utility knife of claim 1,
further comprising an internal memory and a CPU, said CPU being adapted to record values obtained by the sensor and storing said values into the memory as a series of values by time. 3. The utility knife of claim 2,
wherein said internal memory being adapted to store a reference value (received via communication unit) and said CPU being adapted to compare said reference value with values obtained by the sensor. 4. The utility knife of claim 3,
further comprising an indicator, wherein said indicator is activated if said reference value is matched or exceeded by one of said values obtained by the sensor. 5. The utility knife of claim 2,
wherein said CPU being adapted to integrate values recorded by the sensor and storing said integrated value into the memory. 6. The utility knife of claim 5,
wherein said internal memory being adapted to store a reference value (received via communication unit) and said CPU being adapted to compare said reference value with said integrated value. 7. The utility knife of claim 6,
further comprising an indicator, wherein said indicator is activated as soon as said reference value is matched or exceeded by said integrated value. 8. System for determining the End of Life of the replaceable blade of the utility knife of claim 1,
further comprising a control system with a control CPU and a control memory, adapted to receive, store and process information from the communication unit via wireless transmission. 9. The system of claim 8,
wherein said control system records and stores an information set received from the communication unit, said information set being a series of values recorded by said sensor by time, said information set being sent from the communication unit as soon as a trigger event occurs in the proximity of the control system. 10. The system of claim 9,
wherein the trigger event is initiated by a sensor detecting the removal of the blade from the utility knife. 11. The system of claim 9,
further comprising a blade dispensing station containing new replacement blades, wherein the trigger event is initiated by a sensor detecting the removal of a new replacement blade from the blade dispensing station. 12. A Method for determining the End of Life of the replaceable blade using the system of claim 9,
wherein the information set is stored in the control memory as an additional data set, said control CPU calculates an average, a maximum and a minimum value of all stored data sets. 13. The Method of claim 12,
wherein the control system sends one of the average, maximum or minimum values to the communication unit as a new reference value. 14. The Method of claim 12,
wherein machine learning or artificial intelligence is used for determining common or similar values of recorded parameters in the stored data sets or of values calculated from these parameters according to a predefined logic, for use as reference values. | 2,100 |
340,974 | 16,801,271 | 2,115 | An image processing apparatus configured to generate, using a target image data, multiple pieces of partial print data respectively for multiple partial printings such that, in a particular case where the color difference indicated by the evaluation value of the each of the partial images is larger than a particular reference value, a controller causes the image processing apparatus to identify, using the difference information, compensation target pixels including a pixel causing the color difference from among multiple pixels within the particular partial image, perform, using the difference information, a compensating process of converting a color of the compensation target pixel to a color of which color difference is small, and generate the partial print data using the particular partial image data to which the compensating process has been applied. | 1. An image processing apparatus configured to generate print data to be used by a print execution device, the print execution device having a print head, the print head being provided with first kind of nozzles configured to eject first kind of ink and second kind of nozzles configured to eject second kind of ink, the first kind of nozzles and the second kind of nozzles being arranged on different positions in a main scanning direction,
the image processing apparatus having a controller configured to generate partial print data, the print execution device being configured to perform a partial printing, in accordance with the partial print data, by driving the print head to repeatedly perform:
a main scanning to move in the main scanning direction relative to a printing medium, the ink being ejected on to the printing medium while the print head is being moved in the main scanning; and
a sub scanning to move the printing medium relative to the print head in a sub scanning direction which is a direction intersecting with the main scanning direction,
wherein the controller is configured to cause the image processing apparatus to perform:
an image obtaining process of obtaining target image data indicating a target image to be printed referring to color values of a particular color space;
an evaluation value obtaining process of obtaining, for each of multiple partial images included in the target image, an evaluation value indicative of a color difference between an image which would be printed when the partial printing to print the partial image is performed in a first direction along the main scanning direction and an image which would be printed when the partial printing to print the partial image is performed in a second direction opposite to the first direction based on the target image data, the evaluation value being obtained using difference information associating the color value in the particular color space with degree of the color difference; and
a print data generating process of generating, using the target image data, multiple pieces of the partial print data respectively for multiple partial printings,
wherein the print execution device is configured to print a printing image based on the target image data by performing the multiple partial printings, the multiple partial printings including the partial printings performed in the first direction and partial printings performed in the second direction, wherein, in a particular case where the color difference indicated by the evaluation value of the each of the partial images is larger than a particular reference value, the controller causes the image processing apparatus to:
identify, using the difference information, compensation target pixels including a pixel causing the color difference from among multiple pixels within the particular partial image;
perform, using the difference information, a compensating process of converting a color of the compensation target pixel to a color of which color difference is small; and
generate the partial print data using the particular partial image data to which the compensating process has been applied. 2. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the controller further causes the image processing apparatus to perform:
a mode selecting process of selecting a print mode to be performed from among multiple modes including a first mode and a second mode in accordance with a user instruction; and
a direction determining process of determining a printing direction of the particular partial printing as one of the first direction and the second direction,
wherein, when the print mode is the first mode, the controller operates such that:
when the color difference indicated by the evaluation value is larger than the reference value, the controller determines, in the direction operating process, the printing direction of the particular partial printing to be the first direction, while when the color difference indicated by the evaluation value is equal to or less than the reference value, the controller determines, in the direction operating process, the printing direction of the particular partial printing to be a direction opposite to the printing direction of the partial printing that is performed immediately before; and
the controller generates, in the print data generating process, the partial print data without performing the compensating process regardless of the evaluation value,
wherein, when the print mode is the second mode, the controller operates such that:
the controller determines, in the direction operating process, the printing direction of the particular partial printing to be a direction opposite to the printing direction of the partial printing that is performed immediately before regardless of the evaluation value; and
the controller generates, in the print data generating process, the partial print data with performing the compensating process when the evaluation value indicating the color difference of the particular partial image is larger than a criteria. 3. The image processing apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein, when the print mode is the second mode, the controller is configured to control the image processing apparatus to:
apply a reducing process, in the print data generating process, to the target image data to reduce an amount of ink used in the printing image to generate target image data to which the reducing process has been applied, generate the multiple pieces of partial print data using the target image data to which the reducing process has been applied; and
obtain the evaluation values, in the evaluation value obtaining process, using the target image data to which the reducing process has been applied. 4. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the difference information includes a table storing index values corresponding to the multiple representative values of color values of the particular color space, respectively, each of the index values indicating degree of the color difference, wherein, in the evaluation value obtaining process, the controller obtains multiple index values corresponding to multiple pixels in the partial image using the table and obtains the evaluation value based on the multiple index values as obtained. 5. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the difference information is a table storing index values corresponding to multiple representative values of the color values of the particular color space, respectively, and each index value indicating degree of the color difference, wherein, in the print data generating process, the controller is configured to:
identify, in the particular color space, a first representative value closest to a value of the compensation target pixel and multiple second representative values of which distances from the first representative value are equal to or less than a reference value, from among the multiple representative values;
identify a particular second representative value, from among the second representative value, indicating the color difference smaller than that of the first representative value; and
perform the compensating process so that the value of the compensation target pixel is closer to the particular second representative value than to the first representative value. 6. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, in the evaluation value obtaining process, the controller causes the image processing apparatus to obtain the evaluation value of the particular partial image to which the compensating process has been applied using the particular partial image data to which the compensation process has been applied, and wherein, in the print data generating process, the controller causes the image processing apparatus to:
apply the compensating process again to the particular partial image data to which the compensating process has been applied when the color difference indicated by the evaluation value of the particular partial image to which compensating process has been applied is larger than the reference value; and
generate the partial print data using the particular partial image data to which the compensating process has been applied when the color difference indicated by the evaluation value of the particular partial image to which compensating process has been applied is equal to or less than the reference value. 7. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, in the evaluation obtaining process, the controller causes the image processing apparatus to obtain the evaluation values of the multiple blocks defined within the particular partial image, respectively, and wherein, in the print data generating process, the controller causes the image processing apparatus to perform the compensating process when at least one block of which color difference indicated by the evaluation value is larger than a threshold value among the multiple blocks. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing instructions for an image processing apparatus configured to generate print data to be used by a print execution device, the image processing apparatus having a print head, the print head being provided with first kind of nozzles configured to eject first kind of ink and second kind of nozzles configured to eject second kind of ink, the first nozzles and the second nozzles being arranged on different positions in a main scanning direction, and a controller configured to cause the print execution device to perform a partial printing by controlling the print head to repeatedly perform a main scanning to move in the main scanning direction relative to a printing medium, the ink being ejected on to the printing medium while the print head is being moved in the main scanning, and a sub scanning to move the printing medium relative to the print head in a sub scanning direction which is a direction intersecting with the main scanning direction,
wherein the instructions cause, when executed by the controller, the image processing apparatus to perform:
an image obtaining process of obtaining target image data indicating a target image to be printed using color values in a particular color referring to color values of a particular color space;
an evaluation value obtaining process of obtaining, for each of multiple partial images included in the target image, an evaluation value indicative of a color difference between an image to be printed when the partial printing to print the partial image is performed in a first direction along the main scanning direction and an image to be printed when the partial printing to print the partial image is performed in a second direction opposite to the first direction based on the target image data; and
a print data generating process of generating multiple pieces of partial print data for multiple partial printings using the target image data,
wherein the instructions further cause, when executed by the controller, the print execution device to print a printing image based on the target image data by causing the print execution device to perform the multiple partial printings, the multiple partial printings including the partial printings performed in the first direction and partial printings performed in the second direction, wherein, in a particular case where the color difference indicated by the evaluation value of the each of the partial images is larger than a particular reference value, the instructions further cause, when executed by the controller, the image processing apparatus to:
identify, using the difference information, compensation target pixels including a pixel causing the color difference from among multiple pixels within the particular partial image;
perform, using the difference information, a compensating process of converting a color of the compensation target pixel to a color of which color difference is small; and
generate the partial print data using the particular partial image data to which the compensating process has been applied. | An image processing apparatus configured to generate, using a target image data, multiple pieces of partial print data respectively for multiple partial printings such that, in a particular case where the color difference indicated by the evaluation value of the each of the partial images is larger than a particular reference value, a controller causes the image processing apparatus to identify, using the difference information, compensation target pixels including a pixel causing the color difference from among multiple pixels within the particular partial image, perform, using the difference information, a compensating process of converting a color of the compensation target pixel to a color of which color difference is small, and generate the partial print data using the particular partial image data to which the compensating process has been applied.1. An image processing apparatus configured to generate print data to be used by a print execution device, the print execution device having a print head, the print head being provided with first kind of nozzles configured to eject first kind of ink and second kind of nozzles configured to eject second kind of ink, the first kind of nozzles and the second kind of nozzles being arranged on different positions in a main scanning direction,
the image processing apparatus having a controller configured to generate partial print data, the print execution device being configured to perform a partial printing, in accordance with the partial print data, by driving the print head to repeatedly perform:
a main scanning to move in the main scanning direction relative to a printing medium, the ink being ejected on to the printing medium while the print head is being moved in the main scanning; and
a sub scanning to move the printing medium relative to the print head in a sub scanning direction which is a direction intersecting with the main scanning direction,
wherein the controller is configured to cause the image processing apparatus to perform:
an image obtaining process of obtaining target image data indicating a target image to be printed referring to color values of a particular color space;
an evaluation value obtaining process of obtaining, for each of multiple partial images included in the target image, an evaluation value indicative of a color difference between an image which would be printed when the partial printing to print the partial image is performed in a first direction along the main scanning direction and an image which would be printed when the partial printing to print the partial image is performed in a second direction opposite to the first direction based on the target image data, the evaluation value being obtained using difference information associating the color value in the particular color space with degree of the color difference; and
a print data generating process of generating, using the target image data, multiple pieces of the partial print data respectively for multiple partial printings,
wherein the print execution device is configured to print a printing image based on the target image data by performing the multiple partial printings, the multiple partial printings including the partial printings performed in the first direction and partial printings performed in the second direction, wherein, in a particular case where the color difference indicated by the evaluation value of the each of the partial images is larger than a particular reference value, the controller causes the image processing apparatus to:
identify, using the difference information, compensation target pixels including a pixel causing the color difference from among multiple pixels within the particular partial image;
perform, using the difference information, a compensating process of converting a color of the compensation target pixel to a color of which color difference is small; and
generate the partial print data using the particular partial image data to which the compensating process has been applied. 2. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the controller further causes the image processing apparatus to perform:
a mode selecting process of selecting a print mode to be performed from among multiple modes including a first mode and a second mode in accordance with a user instruction; and
a direction determining process of determining a printing direction of the particular partial printing as one of the first direction and the second direction,
wherein, when the print mode is the first mode, the controller operates such that:
when the color difference indicated by the evaluation value is larger than the reference value, the controller determines, in the direction operating process, the printing direction of the particular partial printing to be the first direction, while when the color difference indicated by the evaluation value is equal to or less than the reference value, the controller determines, in the direction operating process, the printing direction of the particular partial printing to be a direction opposite to the printing direction of the partial printing that is performed immediately before; and
the controller generates, in the print data generating process, the partial print data without performing the compensating process regardless of the evaluation value,
wherein, when the print mode is the second mode, the controller operates such that:
the controller determines, in the direction operating process, the printing direction of the particular partial printing to be a direction opposite to the printing direction of the partial printing that is performed immediately before regardless of the evaluation value; and
the controller generates, in the print data generating process, the partial print data with performing the compensating process when the evaluation value indicating the color difference of the particular partial image is larger than a criteria. 3. The image processing apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein, when the print mode is the second mode, the controller is configured to control the image processing apparatus to:
apply a reducing process, in the print data generating process, to the target image data to reduce an amount of ink used in the printing image to generate target image data to which the reducing process has been applied, generate the multiple pieces of partial print data using the target image data to which the reducing process has been applied; and
obtain the evaluation values, in the evaluation value obtaining process, using the target image data to which the reducing process has been applied. 4. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the difference information includes a table storing index values corresponding to the multiple representative values of color values of the particular color space, respectively, each of the index values indicating degree of the color difference, wherein, in the evaluation value obtaining process, the controller obtains multiple index values corresponding to multiple pixels in the partial image using the table and obtains the evaluation value based on the multiple index values as obtained. 5. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the difference information is a table storing index values corresponding to multiple representative values of the color values of the particular color space, respectively, and each index value indicating degree of the color difference, wherein, in the print data generating process, the controller is configured to:
identify, in the particular color space, a first representative value closest to a value of the compensation target pixel and multiple second representative values of which distances from the first representative value are equal to or less than a reference value, from among the multiple representative values;
identify a particular second representative value, from among the second representative value, indicating the color difference smaller than that of the first representative value; and
perform the compensating process so that the value of the compensation target pixel is closer to the particular second representative value than to the first representative value. 6. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, in the evaluation value obtaining process, the controller causes the image processing apparatus to obtain the evaluation value of the particular partial image to which the compensating process has been applied using the particular partial image data to which the compensation process has been applied, and wherein, in the print data generating process, the controller causes the image processing apparatus to:
apply the compensating process again to the particular partial image data to which the compensating process has been applied when the color difference indicated by the evaluation value of the particular partial image to which compensating process has been applied is larger than the reference value; and
generate the partial print data using the particular partial image data to which the compensating process has been applied when the color difference indicated by the evaluation value of the particular partial image to which compensating process has been applied is equal to or less than the reference value. 7. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, in the evaluation obtaining process, the controller causes the image processing apparatus to obtain the evaluation values of the multiple blocks defined within the particular partial image, respectively, and wherein, in the print data generating process, the controller causes the image processing apparatus to perform the compensating process when at least one block of which color difference indicated by the evaluation value is larger than a threshold value among the multiple blocks. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing instructions for an image processing apparatus configured to generate print data to be used by a print execution device, the image processing apparatus having a print head, the print head being provided with first kind of nozzles configured to eject first kind of ink and second kind of nozzles configured to eject second kind of ink, the first nozzles and the second nozzles being arranged on different positions in a main scanning direction, and a controller configured to cause the print execution device to perform a partial printing by controlling the print head to repeatedly perform a main scanning to move in the main scanning direction relative to a printing medium, the ink being ejected on to the printing medium while the print head is being moved in the main scanning, and a sub scanning to move the printing medium relative to the print head in a sub scanning direction which is a direction intersecting with the main scanning direction,
wherein the instructions cause, when executed by the controller, the image processing apparatus to perform:
an image obtaining process of obtaining target image data indicating a target image to be printed using color values in a particular color referring to color values of a particular color space;
an evaluation value obtaining process of obtaining, for each of multiple partial images included in the target image, an evaluation value indicative of a color difference between an image to be printed when the partial printing to print the partial image is performed in a first direction along the main scanning direction and an image to be printed when the partial printing to print the partial image is performed in a second direction opposite to the first direction based on the target image data; and
a print data generating process of generating multiple pieces of partial print data for multiple partial printings using the target image data,
wherein the instructions further cause, when executed by the controller, the print execution device to print a printing image based on the target image data by causing the print execution device to perform the multiple partial printings, the multiple partial printings including the partial printings performed in the first direction and partial printings performed in the second direction, wherein, in a particular case where the color difference indicated by the evaluation value of the each of the partial images is larger than a particular reference value, the instructions further cause, when executed by the controller, the image processing apparatus to:
identify, using the difference information, compensation target pixels including a pixel causing the color difference from among multiple pixels within the particular partial image;
perform, using the difference information, a compensating process of converting a color of the compensation target pixel to a color of which color difference is small; and
generate the partial print data using the particular partial image data to which the compensating process has been applied. | 2,100 |
340,975 | 16,801,235 | 3,665 | The presently disclosed subject matter is directed to a device that can be used to lift and/or position a remote-controlled (RC) aircraft as needed by a user (e.g., into/out of a transport vehicle). The device includes a handle that allows the user to grip and hold the device. The handle is operably connected to an arm that comprises an angled portion and a connector portion. The angled portion is angled to accommodate the canopy of an associated aircraft. The connector portion allows joining of the arm to an extender. The extender passes through the central portion of the aircraft to allow the user to lift and/or position the aircraft as desired. | 1. A device comprising:
a handle comprising a first end and a second end; an arm comprising an angled portion joined to a connecting portion, wherein the angled and connecting portions are each defined by a first end, second end, and main body therebetween; wherein the first end of the angled portion is coupled to the first or second end of the handle at an angle of about 95-175 degrees, and the second end of the angled portion is operably attached to the first end of the connecting portion at an angle of about 95-175 degrees; an extender with a first end that is joined to the second end of the connecting portion at an angle of about 45-135 degrees. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the handle includes a gripping area configured around at least a portion of the handle. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein one or both of the angled portion or connector portion has an L-shaped, oval, or circular cross-sectional shape. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the handle and the extender are configured to be about parallel relative to each other. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the extender and the connecting portion are configured to be about perpendicular to each other. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the extender includes a covering that extends around at least a portion of an external surface of the extender. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the covering comprises silicon, rubber, polymeric material, foam, fabric, or combinations thereof. 8. A device comprising:
a handle comprising a first end and a second end; an arm comprising an angled portion joined to a connecting portion, wherein the angled and connecting portions are each defined by a first end, second end, and main body therebetween; a neck comprising a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is operably connected to the first end of the handle and the second end of the neck is joined to the first end of the angled portion; wherein the second end of the angled portion is operably attached to the first end of the connecting portion at an angle of about 95-175 degrees; and an extender with a first end that is joined to the second end of the connecting portion at an angle of about 45-135 degrees. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the handle includes a gripping area configured around at least a portion of the handle. 10. The device of claim 8, wherein one or both of the angled portion or connector portion has an L-shaped, oval, or circular cross-sectional shape. 11. The device of claim 8, wherein the handle and the extender are configured to be about parallel relative to each other. 12. The device of claim 8, wherein the extender and the connecting portion are configured to be about perpendicular to each other. 13. A method of lifting and relocating an aircraft with a body comprising at least one opening therethrough, the method comprising:
grasping the handle of the device of claim 1; inserting the second end of the extender into the aircraft body opening, such that the extender spans at least a portion of an interior of the aircraft opening; and lifting the device by grasping the handle and lifting to thereby lift the body of the aircraft to a desired location. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the handle includes a gripping surface configured around at least a portion of the handle. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the angled portion is coupled to the handle via a neck. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein one or more of the handle or extender has a circular or L-shaped cross-sectional shape. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the handle and the extender are configured to be about parallel relative to each other. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the extender and the connecting portion are configured to be about perpendicular to each other. 19. The method of claim 13 wherein the extender includes a covering that extends around at least a portion of the extender. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the covering is constructed from silicon, rubber, polymeric material, foam, fabric, or combinations thereof. | The presently disclosed subject matter is directed to a device that can be used to lift and/or position a remote-controlled (RC) aircraft as needed by a user (e.g., into/out of a transport vehicle). The device includes a handle that allows the user to grip and hold the device. The handle is operably connected to an arm that comprises an angled portion and a connector portion. The angled portion is angled to accommodate the canopy of an associated aircraft. The connector portion allows joining of the arm to an extender. The extender passes through the central portion of the aircraft to allow the user to lift and/or position the aircraft as desired.1. A device comprising:
a handle comprising a first end and a second end; an arm comprising an angled portion joined to a connecting portion, wherein the angled and connecting portions are each defined by a first end, second end, and main body therebetween; wherein the first end of the angled portion is coupled to the first or second end of the handle at an angle of about 95-175 degrees, and the second end of the angled portion is operably attached to the first end of the connecting portion at an angle of about 95-175 degrees; an extender with a first end that is joined to the second end of the connecting portion at an angle of about 45-135 degrees. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the handle includes a gripping area configured around at least a portion of the handle. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein one or both of the angled portion or connector portion has an L-shaped, oval, or circular cross-sectional shape. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the handle and the extender are configured to be about parallel relative to each other. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the extender and the connecting portion are configured to be about perpendicular to each other. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the extender includes a covering that extends around at least a portion of an external surface of the extender. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the covering comprises silicon, rubber, polymeric material, foam, fabric, or combinations thereof. 8. A device comprising:
a handle comprising a first end and a second end; an arm comprising an angled portion joined to a connecting portion, wherein the angled and connecting portions are each defined by a first end, second end, and main body therebetween; a neck comprising a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is operably connected to the first end of the handle and the second end of the neck is joined to the first end of the angled portion; wherein the second end of the angled portion is operably attached to the first end of the connecting portion at an angle of about 95-175 degrees; and an extender with a first end that is joined to the second end of the connecting portion at an angle of about 45-135 degrees. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the handle includes a gripping area configured around at least a portion of the handle. 10. The device of claim 8, wherein one or both of the angled portion or connector portion has an L-shaped, oval, or circular cross-sectional shape. 11. The device of claim 8, wherein the handle and the extender are configured to be about parallel relative to each other. 12. The device of claim 8, wherein the extender and the connecting portion are configured to be about perpendicular to each other. 13. A method of lifting and relocating an aircraft with a body comprising at least one opening therethrough, the method comprising:
grasping the handle of the device of claim 1; inserting the second end of the extender into the aircraft body opening, such that the extender spans at least a portion of an interior of the aircraft opening; and lifting the device by grasping the handle and lifting to thereby lift the body of the aircraft to a desired location. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the handle includes a gripping surface configured around at least a portion of the handle. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the angled portion is coupled to the handle via a neck. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein one or more of the handle or extender has a circular or L-shaped cross-sectional shape. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the handle and the extender are configured to be about parallel relative to each other. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the extender and the connecting portion are configured to be about perpendicular to each other. 19. The method of claim 13 wherein the extender includes a covering that extends around at least a portion of the extender. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the covering is constructed from silicon, rubber, polymeric material, foam, fabric, or combinations thereof. | 3,600 |
340,976 | 16,801,267 | 3,665 | A method of operating a storage device includes receiving, from a host, a first packet containing a buffer address indicating a location of a data buffer selected from among a plurality of data buffers in the host, parsing the buffer address from the first packet, and transmitting a second packet containing the buffer address to the host in response to the first packet. | 1. A method of operating a storage device, the storage device storing data in a non-volatile manner and communicating with a host, the method comprising:
receiving from the host a first packet including a command and a buffer address for a data communication, the buffer address indicating a location of at least one data buffer in the host which is to be accessed by the host for the data communication; transmitting to the host a second packet comprising a buffer address corresponding to the buffer address included in the first packet in response to the first packet. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first packet corresponds to a data write request, the second packet is a packet for requesting the host to transmit write data, and the buffer address in the second packet indicates the location of the data buffer in which the write data has been stored. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first packet corresponds to a data read request, the second packet includes read data from the storage device, and the buffer address in the second packet indicates the location of the data buffer in which the read data is to be stored. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the storage device is configured to communicate with the host via a universal flash storage (UFS) interface. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first packet is a command UFS protocol information unit (UPIU) corresponding to a data write request and the second packet is a ready-to-transfer (RTT) UPIU. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the first packet is a command UFS protocol information unit (UPIU) corresponding to a data read request and the second packet is a data_in UPIU. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of second packets are transmitted to the host in response to receipt of one first packet, and a plurality of data buffers are included in the host, and
a plurality of buffer addresses indicating different locations of the plurality of data buffers are included in the plurality of second packets. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
receiving a plurality of third packets in response to transmission of the plurality of second packets, the plurality of third packets including data read from the data buffers at the different locations. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first packet comprises a header region, the header region comprises a reserved region, 4 bytes of the reserved region are assigned as a first region, and the buffer address is included in the first region. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first packet comprises a header region and an extra header region, 4 bytes of the extra header region are assigned as a first region, and the buffer address is included in the first region. 11. A storage device comprising:
a memory core configured to store data in a non-volatile manner; and a storage controller configured to:
interface with a host outside,
receive from the host a first packet including a command and a buffer address for a data communication, the buffer address indicating a location of at least one data buffer in the host which is to be accessed by the host for the data communication, and
transmit to the host a second packet comprising a buffer address corresponding to the buffer address included in the first packet in response to the first packet. 12. The storage device of claim 11, wherein the first packet corresponds to a data write request, the second packet is a packet for requesting the host to transmit write data, and the buffer address in the second packet indicates the location of the data buffer where the write data has been stored. 13. The storage device of claim 11, wherein the first packet corresponds to a data read request, the second packet includes read data from the storage device, and the buffer address in the second packet indicates the location of the data buffer where the read data is to be stored. 14. The storage device of claim 11, wherein the storage device is configured to communicate with the host via a universal flash storage (UFS) interface. 15. The storage device of claim 11, wherein the storage controller includes an address calculator configured to generate a plurality of buffer addresses for indicating different locations of a plurality of data buffers in the host,
wherein the storage controller transmits a plurality of second packets including the plurality of buffer addresses to the host in response to a receipt of one first packet. 16. A storage device comprising:
a memory core configured to store data in a non-volatile manner; and a storage controller configured to
interface with a host outside,
selectively include, in a packet, a buffer address indicating a location of at least one data buffer in the host in response to determining that the packet is for requesting the host to access the at least one data buffer, and
transmit the packet to the host. 17. The storage device of claim 16, wherein:
the storage controller is further configured to receive, from the host, a packet comprising the buffer address of the at least one data buffer and comprise an address queue in which the buffer address comprised in the packet are stored, and the buffer address included in the packet transmitted to the host is read from the address queue. 18. The storage device of claim 16, wherein:
the storage controller is further configured to receive, from the host, a first packet comprising a first buffer address and sequentially transmit, to the host in response to the first packet, a plurality of second packets each comprising a second buffer address, and the storage controller comprises an address calculator configured to calculate, based on the first buffer address, a plurality of second buffer addresses having different values. 19. The storage device of claim 16, wherein:
the storage controller is further configured to receive, from the host, a first packet comprising a plurality of first buffer addresses indicating locations of a plurality of data buffers in the host; in response to determining that a single second packet is transmitted to the host in response to the first packet, the plurality of first buffer addresses are included in the single second packet; and in response to determining that a plurality of second packets are transmitted to the host in response to the first packet, the plurality of first buffer addresses are included in the plurality of second packets in a distributed fashion. 20. The storage device of claim 16, wherein the storage device is further configured to communicate with the host via a universal flash storage (UFS) interface and the packet transmitted to the host is a ready-to-transfer (RTT) UFS protocol information unit (UPIU) or a data_in UPIU comprising read data. | A method of operating a storage device includes receiving, from a host, a first packet containing a buffer address indicating a location of a data buffer selected from among a plurality of data buffers in the host, parsing the buffer address from the first packet, and transmitting a second packet containing the buffer address to the host in response to the first packet.1. A method of operating a storage device, the storage device storing data in a non-volatile manner and communicating with a host, the method comprising:
receiving from the host a first packet including a command and a buffer address for a data communication, the buffer address indicating a location of at least one data buffer in the host which is to be accessed by the host for the data communication; transmitting to the host a second packet comprising a buffer address corresponding to the buffer address included in the first packet in response to the first packet. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first packet corresponds to a data write request, the second packet is a packet for requesting the host to transmit write data, and the buffer address in the second packet indicates the location of the data buffer in which the write data has been stored. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first packet corresponds to a data read request, the second packet includes read data from the storage device, and the buffer address in the second packet indicates the location of the data buffer in which the read data is to be stored. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the storage device is configured to communicate with the host via a universal flash storage (UFS) interface. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first packet is a command UFS protocol information unit (UPIU) corresponding to a data write request and the second packet is a ready-to-transfer (RTT) UPIU. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the first packet is a command UFS protocol information unit (UPIU) corresponding to a data read request and the second packet is a data_in UPIU. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of second packets are transmitted to the host in response to receipt of one first packet, and a plurality of data buffers are included in the host, and
a plurality of buffer addresses indicating different locations of the plurality of data buffers are included in the plurality of second packets. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
receiving a plurality of third packets in response to transmission of the plurality of second packets, the plurality of third packets including data read from the data buffers at the different locations. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first packet comprises a header region, the header region comprises a reserved region, 4 bytes of the reserved region are assigned as a first region, and the buffer address is included in the first region. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first packet comprises a header region and an extra header region, 4 bytes of the extra header region are assigned as a first region, and the buffer address is included in the first region. 11. A storage device comprising:
a memory core configured to store data in a non-volatile manner; and a storage controller configured to:
interface with a host outside,
receive from the host a first packet including a command and a buffer address for a data communication, the buffer address indicating a location of at least one data buffer in the host which is to be accessed by the host for the data communication, and
transmit to the host a second packet comprising a buffer address corresponding to the buffer address included in the first packet in response to the first packet. 12. The storage device of claim 11, wherein the first packet corresponds to a data write request, the second packet is a packet for requesting the host to transmit write data, and the buffer address in the second packet indicates the location of the data buffer where the write data has been stored. 13. The storage device of claim 11, wherein the first packet corresponds to a data read request, the second packet includes read data from the storage device, and the buffer address in the second packet indicates the location of the data buffer where the read data is to be stored. 14. The storage device of claim 11, wherein the storage device is configured to communicate with the host via a universal flash storage (UFS) interface. 15. The storage device of claim 11, wherein the storage controller includes an address calculator configured to generate a plurality of buffer addresses for indicating different locations of a plurality of data buffers in the host,
wherein the storage controller transmits a plurality of second packets including the plurality of buffer addresses to the host in response to a receipt of one first packet. 16. A storage device comprising:
a memory core configured to store data in a non-volatile manner; and a storage controller configured to
interface with a host outside,
selectively include, in a packet, a buffer address indicating a location of at least one data buffer in the host in response to determining that the packet is for requesting the host to access the at least one data buffer, and
transmit the packet to the host. 17. The storage device of claim 16, wherein:
the storage controller is further configured to receive, from the host, a packet comprising the buffer address of the at least one data buffer and comprise an address queue in which the buffer address comprised in the packet are stored, and the buffer address included in the packet transmitted to the host is read from the address queue. 18. The storage device of claim 16, wherein:
the storage controller is further configured to receive, from the host, a first packet comprising a first buffer address and sequentially transmit, to the host in response to the first packet, a plurality of second packets each comprising a second buffer address, and the storage controller comprises an address calculator configured to calculate, based on the first buffer address, a plurality of second buffer addresses having different values. 19. The storage device of claim 16, wherein:
the storage controller is further configured to receive, from the host, a first packet comprising a plurality of first buffer addresses indicating locations of a plurality of data buffers in the host; in response to determining that a single second packet is transmitted to the host in response to the first packet, the plurality of first buffer addresses are included in the single second packet; and in response to determining that a plurality of second packets are transmitted to the host in response to the first packet, the plurality of first buffer addresses are included in the plurality of second packets in a distributed fashion. 20. The storage device of claim 16, wherein the storage device is further configured to communicate with the host via a universal flash storage (UFS) interface and the packet transmitted to the host is a ready-to-transfer (RTT) UFS protocol information unit (UPIU) or a data_in UPIU comprising read data. | 3,600 |
340,977 | 16,801,265 | 3,665 | An information processing device includes: an outline extraction unit extracting an outline of a subject from a picked-up image of the subject; a characteristic amount extraction unit extracting a characteristic amount, by extracting sample points from points making up the outline, for each of the sample points: an estimation unit estimating a posture of a high degree of matching as a posture of the subject by calculating a degree of the characteristic amount extracted in the characteristic amount extraction unit being matched with each of a plurality of characteristic amounts that are prepared in advance and represent predetermined postures different from each other; and a determination unit determining accuracy of estimation by the estimation unit using a matching cost when the estimation unit carries out the estimation. | 1. An information processing apparatus, comprising:
circuitry configured to:
obtain an image of a part of a human subject, the image captured by an imaging device;
estimate, as an estimation result, a posture of the human subject by using a posture model image; and
produce output of joint position data of at least one joint of the human subject, the output representing the posture of the human subject compared with the obtained image, and an estimation accuracy determination corresponding to the estimation result. 2. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the posture model image is learned in advance based on sample images. 3. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the joint position data includes position information of a coordinate of the image data, and the position information of the coordinate indicates a two-dimensional coordinate of more than one joint of the human subject. 4. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the joint position data includes a numerical value indicative of a likelihood of the estimation result. 5. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the circuitry is further configured to:
output a plurality of the joint position data for a plurality of estimated positions of a plurality of joints; and
estimate the posture of the human subject based on the output of the plurality of the joint position data, and produce the estimation accuracy determination. 6. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the circuitry is further configured to:
overlap a plurality of points indicative of an estimated position of the joint on the image and produce a straight line between the plurality of points on the image. 7. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the circuitry is further configured to:
generate an instruction to control a gaming application in accordance with the estimation result. 8. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the circuitry is further configured to:
determine a gesture of the at least one joint of the human subject based on the estimation result. 9. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the circuitry is further configured to:
match a characteristic amount feature of the obtained image and the posture model image. 10. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the circuitry is further configured to:
estimate the estimation result based on a distance between the captured image and the posture model image. 11. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the estimation accuracy determination includes a result of at least one of positive or negative. 12. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the estimation accuracy determination includes a result of at least one a result deemed a good result or a result deemed a not-good result. 13. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the estimation accuracy determination includes a result of a flag representing the accuracy information. | An information processing device includes: an outline extraction unit extracting an outline of a subject from a picked-up image of the subject; a characteristic amount extraction unit extracting a characteristic amount, by extracting sample points from points making up the outline, for each of the sample points: an estimation unit estimating a posture of a high degree of matching as a posture of the subject by calculating a degree of the characteristic amount extracted in the characteristic amount extraction unit being matched with each of a plurality of characteristic amounts that are prepared in advance and represent predetermined postures different from each other; and a determination unit determining accuracy of estimation by the estimation unit using a matching cost when the estimation unit carries out the estimation.1. An information processing apparatus, comprising:
circuitry configured to:
obtain an image of a part of a human subject, the image captured by an imaging device;
estimate, as an estimation result, a posture of the human subject by using a posture model image; and
produce output of joint position data of at least one joint of the human subject, the output representing the posture of the human subject compared with the obtained image, and an estimation accuracy determination corresponding to the estimation result. 2. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the posture model image is learned in advance based on sample images. 3. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the joint position data includes position information of a coordinate of the image data, and the position information of the coordinate indicates a two-dimensional coordinate of more than one joint of the human subject. 4. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the joint position data includes a numerical value indicative of a likelihood of the estimation result. 5. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the circuitry is further configured to:
output a plurality of the joint position data for a plurality of estimated positions of a plurality of joints; and
estimate the posture of the human subject based on the output of the plurality of the joint position data, and produce the estimation accuracy determination. 6. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the circuitry is further configured to:
overlap a plurality of points indicative of an estimated position of the joint on the image and produce a straight line between the plurality of points on the image. 7. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the circuitry is further configured to:
generate an instruction to control a gaming application in accordance with the estimation result. 8. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the circuitry is further configured to:
determine a gesture of the at least one joint of the human subject based on the estimation result. 9. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the circuitry is further configured to:
match a characteristic amount feature of the obtained image and the posture model image. 10. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the circuitry is further configured to:
estimate the estimation result based on a distance between the captured image and the posture model image. 11. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the estimation accuracy determination includes a result of at least one of positive or negative. 12. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the estimation accuracy determination includes a result of at least one a result deemed a good result or a result deemed a not-good result. 13. The information processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the estimation accuracy determination includes a result of a flag representing the accuracy information. | 3,600 |
340,978 | 16,801,256 | 3,665 | An indicator assembly includes, among other things, a vehicle model that is configured to communicate with a vehicle. The indicator assembly further includes an indicator portion of the vehicle model. The indicator portion is configured to indicate a status of the vehicle based on a communication sent to the vehicle model. | 1. An indicator assembly, comprising:
a vehicle model that is configured to communicate with a vehicle; and an indicator portion of the vehicle model, the indicator portion configured to provide an indication that the vehicle has completed an action in response to a first communication sent from a keyfob to the vehicle, the indicator portion providing the indication based on a second communication sent to the vehicle model from the vehicle, wherein the vehicle model is a three-dimensional model of the vehicle. 2. The indicator assembly of claim 1, wherein the vehicle is an electrified vehicle having a traction battery, wherein the indicator portion includes a traction battery indicator portion configured to provide an indication of a charge status of the electrified vehicle. 3. The indicator assembly of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of lighting devices, the indicator portion including the plurality of lighting devices. 4. The indicator assembly of claim 1, wherein the indicator portion includes a tire pressure indicator portion configured to provide an indication of a low tire pressure status of at least one tire of the vehicle, the tire pressure indicator portion configured to illuminate at least one tire of the vehicle model, the at least one tire of the vehicle model corresponding to the at least one tire of the vehicle having the low tire pressure status. 5. The indicator assembly of claim 1, wherein the first and second communications are wireless communications. 6. The indicator assembly of claim 1, further comprising a wireless receiver of the vehicle model, the wireless receiver configured to receive a wireless communication from a cloud server, the indicator portion configured to indicate the status based on the wireless communication. 7-8. (canceled) 9. A vehicle status indicating method, comprising:
receiving, at a vehicle model, a communication that includes a confirmation status of a vehicle; and indicating the confirmation status of the vehicle on the vehicle model by adjusting an indicator portion of the vehicle model based on the communication, wherein the indicator portion is adjusted a first way if the vehicle completes an action requested by a user, and the indicator portion is adjusted a different, second way if the vehicle does not complete the action requested by the user, wherein the vehicle model is a three-dimensional model of the vehicle. 10. The vehicle status indicating method of claim 9, wherein the vehicle is an electrified vehicle and further comprising indicating a charging status of a traction battery of the electrified vehicle by adjusting the indicator portion of the vehicle model based on another communication. 11. The vehicle status indicating method of claim 10, wherein the indicator portion includes a plurality of lighting devices, wherein the indicating comprises illuminating a percentage of the lighting devices within the plurality of lighting devices in proportion to a state of charge of the traction battery. 12. The vehicle status indicating method of claim 10, wherein the indicator portion includes a plurality of lighting devices, wherein the indicating comprise flashing at least some of the plurality of lighting devices when the electrified vehicle is charging. 13. The vehicle status indicating method of claim 9, wherein the status is a tire pressure status of at least one tire of the vehicle. 14-16. (canceled) 17. The vehicle status indicating method of claim 9, wherein the action requested by the user is requested by the user initiating a wireless command to the vehicle. 18. A vehicle status indicating method, comprising:
at a vehicle, receiving a first communication from a keyfob; in response to the first communication, initiating an action at the vehicle; and sending a second communication from the vehicle to a vehicle model of the vehicle, the second communication including a status of the vehicle, wherein the vehicle model is configured to adjust an indicator portion of the vehicle model based on the second communication to provide an indication of the status on the vehicle model, wherein the vehicle is an electrified vehicle, and the vehicle model is a replica of the electrified vehicle. 19-20. (canceled) 21. The indicator assembly of claim 1, wherein the status included in the second communication is a confirmation status that causes the indicator portion to adjust in a way that confirms the action initiated in response the first communication. 22. The vehicle status indicating method of claim 9, wherein the wireless command is sent from a keyfob that is separate and distinct from the vehicle model. 23. The vehicle status indicating method of claim 18, wherein the status included in the second communication is a confirmation status that causes the indicator portion to adjust in a way that confirms the action initiated in response the first communication. 24. The vehicle status indicating method of claim 18, where the keyfob is separate and distinct from the vehicle model. | An indicator assembly includes, among other things, a vehicle model that is configured to communicate with a vehicle. The indicator assembly further includes an indicator portion of the vehicle model. The indicator portion is configured to indicate a status of the vehicle based on a communication sent to the vehicle model.1. An indicator assembly, comprising:
a vehicle model that is configured to communicate with a vehicle; and an indicator portion of the vehicle model, the indicator portion configured to provide an indication that the vehicle has completed an action in response to a first communication sent from a keyfob to the vehicle, the indicator portion providing the indication based on a second communication sent to the vehicle model from the vehicle, wherein the vehicle model is a three-dimensional model of the vehicle. 2. The indicator assembly of claim 1, wherein the vehicle is an electrified vehicle having a traction battery, wherein the indicator portion includes a traction battery indicator portion configured to provide an indication of a charge status of the electrified vehicle. 3. The indicator assembly of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of lighting devices, the indicator portion including the plurality of lighting devices. 4. The indicator assembly of claim 1, wherein the indicator portion includes a tire pressure indicator portion configured to provide an indication of a low tire pressure status of at least one tire of the vehicle, the tire pressure indicator portion configured to illuminate at least one tire of the vehicle model, the at least one tire of the vehicle model corresponding to the at least one tire of the vehicle having the low tire pressure status. 5. The indicator assembly of claim 1, wherein the first and second communications are wireless communications. 6. The indicator assembly of claim 1, further comprising a wireless receiver of the vehicle model, the wireless receiver configured to receive a wireless communication from a cloud server, the indicator portion configured to indicate the status based on the wireless communication. 7-8. (canceled) 9. A vehicle status indicating method, comprising:
receiving, at a vehicle model, a communication that includes a confirmation status of a vehicle; and indicating the confirmation status of the vehicle on the vehicle model by adjusting an indicator portion of the vehicle model based on the communication, wherein the indicator portion is adjusted a first way if the vehicle completes an action requested by a user, and the indicator portion is adjusted a different, second way if the vehicle does not complete the action requested by the user, wherein the vehicle model is a three-dimensional model of the vehicle. 10. The vehicle status indicating method of claim 9, wherein the vehicle is an electrified vehicle and further comprising indicating a charging status of a traction battery of the electrified vehicle by adjusting the indicator portion of the vehicle model based on another communication. 11. The vehicle status indicating method of claim 10, wherein the indicator portion includes a plurality of lighting devices, wherein the indicating comprises illuminating a percentage of the lighting devices within the plurality of lighting devices in proportion to a state of charge of the traction battery. 12. The vehicle status indicating method of claim 10, wherein the indicator portion includes a plurality of lighting devices, wherein the indicating comprise flashing at least some of the plurality of lighting devices when the electrified vehicle is charging. 13. The vehicle status indicating method of claim 9, wherein the status is a tire pressure status of at least one tire of the vehicle. 14-16. (canceled) 17. The vehicle status indicating method of claim 9, wherein the action requested by the user is requested by the user initiating a wireless command to the vehicle. 18. A vehicle status indicating method, comprising:
at a vehicle, receiving a first communication from a keyfob; in response to the first communication, initiating an action at the vehicle; and sending a second communication from the vehicle to a vehicle model of the vehicle, the second communication including a status of the vehicle, wherein the vehicle model is configured to adjust an indicator portion of the vehicle model based on the second communication to provide an indication of the status on the vehicle model, wherein the vehicle is an electrified vehicle, and the vehicle model is a replica of the electrified vehicle. 19-20. (canceled) 21. The indicator assembly of claim 1, wherein the status included in the second communication is a confirmation status that causes the indicator portion to adjust in a way that confirms the action initiated in response the first communication. 22. The vehicle status indicating method of claim 9, wherein the wireless command is sent from a keyfob that is separate and distinct from the vehicle model. 23. The vehicle status indicating method of claim 18, wherein the status included in the second communication is a confirmation status that causes the indicator portion to adjust in a way that confirms the action initiated in response the first communication. 24. The vehicle status indicating method of claim 18, where the keyfob is separate and distinct from the vehicle model. | 3,600 |
340,979 | 16,801,242 | 3,665 | The pipe using the high-density ethylene-based polymer of the present invention has more superior strain hardening than a conventional polyethylene resin pipe, and thus has excellent long-term pressure resistance characteristics and processability. | 1. A high-density ethylene-based polymer produced by polymerization of ethylene and at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of α-olefin-based monomers,
wherein a density is 0.930 g/cm3 to 0.970 g/cm3,
an MI is 0.1 g/10 min to 10 g/10 min,
a Hencky strain ratio is 1.0 to 7.0 in a Hencky strain of 0.5 to 3.0, and
a relationship between Hencky strain (εH) and sample length (L) according to time (t) is expressed by Equation 1 below:
εH(t)={acute over (ε)}t=ln L(t)/L 0 [Equation 1]
εH: Hencky strain
{acute over (ε)}: Hencky strain rate (1/s)
L0: initial sample length
L: current sample length
t: time in seconds 2. A high-density ethylene-based polymer produced by polymerization of ethylene and at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of α-olefin-based monomers,
wherein a density is 0.930 g/cm3 to 0.970 g/cm3,
an MI is 0.1 g/10 min to 10 g/10 min, and
when a complex viscosity (Poise) graph according to frequency (rad/s) is fitted to power law of Equation 2 below, a C2 value is −0.5 to −0.4:
y=c 1 x c 2 [Equation 2]
x: frequency (rad/s)
y: complex viscosity (Poise)
c1: consistency index
c2: CV index (slope of graph) 3. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 1, wherein the high-density ethylene-based polymer has a stress of 3,000,000 dyn/cm2 to 10,000,000 dyn/cm2 at 150° C., a strain rate of 1 (1/s), and Hencky strain of 3. 4. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 1, wherein the high-density ethylene-based polymer comprises a long chain branch (LCB). 5. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 1, wherein the α-olefin-based monomers comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, and 1-aitosen. 6. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 1, wherein, when the high-density ethylene-based polymer is a copolymer of the ethylene and the α-olefin-based monomer, a content of the α-olefin-based monomer is 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %. 7. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 1, wherein the high-density ethylene-based polymer is an injection, compression, or rotational molding material. 8. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 1, wherein the high-density ethylene-based polymer is polymerized by using a hybrid supported metallocene catalyst comprising at least one first metallocene compound represented by Formula 1 below, at least one second metallocene compound represented by Formula 2 below, at least one cocatalyst compound, and a carrier: 9. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 8, wherein the first metallocene compound comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds having the following structures: 10. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 8, wherein the second metallocene compound comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds having the following structures: 11. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 8, wherein the cocatalyst compound comprises one or more of compounds represented by Formulae 3 to 6: 12. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 11, wherein the cocatalyst compound represented by Formula 3 comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of methylaluminoxane, ethylaluminoxane, isobutylaluminoxane, and butylaluminoxane. 13. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 11, wherein the cocatalyst compound represented by Formula 4 comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tripropylaluminum, tributylaluminum, dimethylchloroaluminum, triisopropylaluminum, tricyclopentylaluminum, tripentylaluminum, triisopentylaluminum, trihexylaluminum, trioctylaluminum, ethyldimethylaluminum, methyldiethylaluminum, triphenylaluminum, tri(p-tolyl)aluminum, dimethylaluminum methoxide, dimethylaluminum ethoxide, trimethylboron, triethylboron, triisobutylboron, tripropylboron, tributylboron, and tripentafluorophenylboron. 14. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 11, wherein the cocatalyst compound represented by Formula 5 or 6 each independently comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of methyldioctateylammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammonium tetrakis(phenyl)borate, triethylammonium tetrakis(phenyl)borate, tripropylammonium tetrakis(phenyl)borate, tributylammonium tetrakis(phenyl)borate, trimethylammonium tetrakis(p-tolyl) borate, tripropylammonium tetrakis(p-tolyl)borate, trimethylammonium tetrakis (o,p-dimethylphenyl)borate, triethylammonium tetrakis (o,p-dimethylphenyl)borate, trimethylammonium tetrakis(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)borate, tributylammonium tetrakis(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)borate, tributylammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, diethylammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylphosphonium tetrakis(phenyl)borate, trimethylphosphonium tetrakis(phenyl)borate, N,N-diethylanilinium tetrakis(phenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylanilinium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-diethylanilinium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbonium tetrakis (p-trifluoromethylphenyl)borate, triphenylcarbonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammonium tetrakis(phenyl)aluminate, triethylammonium tetrakis(phenyl)aluminate, tripropylammonium tetrakis(phenyl)aluminate, tributylammonium tetrakis(phenyl)aluminate, trimethylammonium tetrakis(p-tolyl)aluminate, tripropylammonium tetrakis(p-tolyl)aluminate, triethylammonium tetrakis(o,p-dimethylphenyl)aluminate, tributylammonium tetrakis(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)aluminate, trimethylammonium tetrakis(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)aluminate, tributylammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)aluminate, N,N-diethylanilinium tetrakis(phenyl)aluminate, N,N-diethylanilinium tetrakis(phenyl)aluminate, N,N-diethylanilinium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)aluminate, diethylammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)aluminate, triphenylphosphonium tetrakis(phenyl)aluminate, trimethylphosphonium tetrakis(phenyl)aluminate, triethylammonium tetrakis(phenyl)aluminate, and tributylammonium tetrakis(phenyl)aluminate. 15. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 8, wherein a mass ratio of a total mass of the transition metals of the first metallocene compound and the second metallocene compound to the carrier is 1:1 to 1:1,000, and
a mass ratio of the first metallocene compound to the second metallocene compound is 1:100 to 100:1. 16. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 11, wherein a mass ratio of the cocatalyst compounds represented by Formulae 3 and 4 to the carrier is 1:100 to 100:1, and
a mass ratio of the cocatalyst compounds represented by Formulae 5 and 6 to the carrier is 1:20 to 20:1. 17. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 8, wherein the carrier comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, titanium oxide, zeolite, zinc oxide, and starch,
the carrier has an average particle size of 10 microns to 250 microns, the carrier has a microporous volume of 0.1 cc/g to 10 cc/g, and the carrier has a specific surface area of 1 m2/g to 1,000 m2/g. 18. A gas transportation pipe using the high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 1. 19. A water transportation pipe using the high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 1. | The pipe using the high-density ethylene-based polymer of the present invention has more superior strain hardening than a conventional polyethylene resin pipe, and thus has excellent long-term pressure resistance characteristics and processability.1. A high-density ethylene-based polymer produced by polymerization of ethylene and at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of α-olefin-based monomers,
wherein a density is 0.930 g/cm3 to 0.970 g/cm3,
an MI is 0.1 g/10 min to 10 g/10 min,
a Hencky strain ratio is 1.0 to 7.0 in a Hencky strain of 0.5 to 3.0, and
a relationship between Hencky strain (εH) and sample length (L) according to time (t) is expressed by Equation 1 below:
εH(t)={acute over (ε)}t=ln L(t)/L 0 [Equation 1]
εH: Hencky strain
{acute over (ε)}: Hencky strain rate (1/s)
L0: initial sample length
L: current sample length
t: time in seconds 2. A high-density ethylene-based polymer produced by polymerization of ethylene and at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of α-olefin-based monomers,
wherein a density is 0.930 g/cm3 to 0.970 g/cm3,
an MI is 0.1 g/10 min to 10 g/10 min, and
when a complex viscosity (Poise) graph according to frequency (rad/s) is fitted to power law of Equation 2 below, a C2 value is −0.5 to −0.4:
y=c 1 x c 2 [Equation 2]
x: frequency (rad/s)
y: complex viscosity (Poise)
c1: consistency index
c2: CV index (slope of graph) 3. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 1, wherein the high-density ethylene-based polymer has a stress of 3,000,000 dyn/cm2 to 10,000,000 dyn/cm2 at 150° C., a strain rate of 1 (1/s), and Hencky strain of 3. 4. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 1, wherein the high-density ethylene-based polymer comprises a long chain branch (LCB). 5. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 1, wherein the α-olefin-based monomers comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, and 1-aitosen. 6. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 1, wherein, when the high-density ethylene-based polymer is a copolymer of the ethylene and the α-olefin-based monomer, a content of the α-olefin-based monomer is 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %. 7. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 1, wherein the high-density ethylene-based polymer is an injection, compression, or rotational molding material. 8. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 1, wherein the high-density ethylene-based polymer is polymerized by using a hybrid supported metallocene catalyst comprising at least one first metallocene compound represented by Formula 1 below, at least one second metallocene compound represented by Formula 2 below, at least one cocatalyst compound, and a carrier: 9. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 8, wherein the first metallocene compound comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds having the following structures: 10. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 8, wherein the second metallocene compound comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds having the following structures: 11. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 8, wherein the cocatalyst compound comprises one or more of compounds represented by Formulae 3 to 6: 12. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 11, wherein the cocatalyst compound represented by Formula 3 comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of methylaluminoxane, ethylaluminoxane, isobutylaluminoxane, and butylaluminoxane. 13. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 11, wherein the cocatalyst compound represented by Formula 4 comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tripropylaluminum, tributylaluminum, dimethylchloroaluminum, triisopropylaluminum, tricyclopentylaluminum, tripentylaluminum, triisopentylaluminum, trihexylaluminum, trioctylaluminum, ethyldimethylaluminum, methyldiethylaluminum, triphenylaluminum, tri(p-tolyl)aluminum, dimethylaluminum methoxide, dimethylaluminum ethoxide, trimethylboron, triethylboron, triisobutylboron, tripropylboron, tributylboron, and tripentafluorophenylboron. 14. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 11, wherein the cocatalyst compound represented by Formula 5 or 6 each independently comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of methyldioctateylammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammonium tetrakis(phenyl)borate, triethylammonium tetrakis(phenyl)borate, tripropylammonium tetrakis(phenyl)borate, tributylammonium tetrakis(phenyl)borate, trimethylammonium tetrakis(p-tolyl) borate, tripropylammonium tetrakis(p-tolyl)borate, trimethylammonium tetrakis (o,p-dimethylphenyl)borate, triethylammonium tetrakis (o,p-dimethylphenyl)borate, trimethylammonium tetrakis(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)borate, tributylammonium tetrakis(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)borate, tributylammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, diethylammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylphosphonium tetrakis(phenyl)borate, trimethylphosphonium tetrakis(phenyl)borate, N,N-diethylanilinium tetrakis(phenyl)borate, N,N-dimethylanilinium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, N,N-diethylanilinium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbonium tetrakis (p-trifluoromethylphenyl)borate, triphenylcarbonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, trimethylammonium tetrakis(phenyl)aluminate, triethylammonium tetrakis(phenyl)aluminate, tripropylammonium tetrakis(phenyl)aluminate, tributylammonium tetrakis(phenyl)aluminate, trimethylammonium tetrakis(p-tolyl)aluminate, tripropylammonium tetrakis(p-tolyl)aluminate, triethylammonium tetrakis(o,p-dimethylphenyl)aluminate, tributylammonium tetrakis(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)aluminate, trimethylammonium tetrakis(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)aluminate, tributylammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)aluminate, N,N-diethylanilinium tetrakis(phenyl)aluminate, N,N-diethylanilinium tetrakis(phenyl)aluminate, N,N-diethylanilinium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)aluminate, diethylammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)aluminate, triphenylphosphonium tetrakis(phenyl)aluminate, trimethylphosphonium tetrakis(phenyl)aluminate, triethylammonium tetrakis(phenyl)aluminate, and tributylammonium tetrakis(phenyl)aluminate. 15. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 8, wherein a mass ratio of a total mass of the transition metals of the first metallocene compound and the second metallocene compound to the carrier is 1:1 to 1:1,000, and
a mass ratio of the first metallocene compound to the second metallocene compound is 1:100 to 100:1. 16. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 11, wherein a mass ratio of the cocatalyst compounds represented by Formulae 3 and 4 to the carrier is 1:100 to 100:1, and
a mass ratio of the cocatalyst compounds represented by Formulae 5 and 6 to the carrier is 1:20 to 20:1. 17. The high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 8, wherein the carrier comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina, titanium oxide, zeolite, zinc oxide, and starch,
the carrier has an average particle size of 10 microns to 250 microns, the carrier has a microporous volume of 0.1 cc/g to 10 cc/g, and the carrier has a specific surface area of 1 m2/g to 1,000 m2/g. 18. A gas transportation pipe using the high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 1. 19. A water transportation pipe using the high-density ethylene-based polymer of claim 1. | 3,600 |
340,980 | 16,801,259 | 3,665 | An embodiment of the present invention provides a new scheme for issuing a server certificate to a Web server on a private network. A certificate issuing apparatus as one embodiment of the present invention includes a first communicator, a detector, a second communicator, and an electronic signer. The first communicator communicates with a first communication device regarding issuance of a certificate. The detector detects a verification apparatus possessing a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by the first communication device. The second communicator instructs the detected verification apparatus to verify whether the first communication device is authentic. When the authenticity of the first communication device is proved by the verification which uses the second key, the electronic signer generates the certificate for the first communication device by electronically signing a certificate signing request from the first communication device by using a third key. | 1. A certificate issuing apparatus comprising:
a first communicator configured to communicate with a first communication device regarding issuance of a certificate; a detector configured to detect a verification apparatus possessing a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by the first communication device; a second communicator configured to instruct the detected verification apparatus to verify whether the first communication device is authentic; and an electronic signer configured to, when the authenticity of the first communication device is proved by the verification which uses the second key, generate the certificate for the first communication device by electronically signing a certificate signing request from the first communication device by using a third key. 2. The certificate issuing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the third key used by the electronic signer is a key used for a certificate that is to be issued to a second communication device belonging to a public network. 3. The certificate issuing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, when accepting a request for the issuance of the certificate from the first communication device, the first communicator transmits, to the first communication device, a challenge code for use in confirmation of the authenticity of the first communication device, and wherein, when communication from the first communication device after the transmission of the challenge code does not include the challenge code, the first communicator notifies the first communication device that the challenge code is not included. 4. The certificate issuing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, when a verification apparatus is designated by the first communication device but the designated verification apparatus is not included in a predetermined trusted list, the first communicator notifies the first communication device that the designated verification apparatus is not usable. 5. The certificate issuing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, when a certificate signing request bearing an electronic signature by the verification apparatus is transmitted from the verification apparatus as a response to the verification instruction, the electronic signer issues the certificate for the first communication device by further electronically signing the certificate signing request bearing the electronic signature by the verification apparatus, by using the third key. 6. The certificate issuing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the electronic signer issues the certificate after appending data for identifying the verification apparatus to the certificate signing request at the time of the electronic signing which uses the third key. 7. A verification apparatus comprising:
a third communicator configured to communicate with a certificate issuing apparatus which issues a certificate to a first communication device, regarding verification of whether the first communication device is authentic; and a verifier configured to verify whether the first communication device is authentic by verifying data from the first communication device by using a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by the first communication device. 8. The verification apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising
a challenge code generator configured to generate a challenge code for use in confirmation of the authenticity of the first communication device, wherein the third communicator transmits the challenge code to the first communication device, and wherein, when verifying whether the first communication device is authentic, the verifier checks whether the data transmitted from the first communication device includes the challenge code, and wherein, when the challenge code is not included, the third communicator notifies the first communication device that the challenge code is not included. 9. A communication device corresponding to the first communication device recited in claim 3,
wherein the communication device being configured to transmit, to the certificate issuing apparatus when receiving the challenge code, a certificate signing request including at least the challenge code and an electronic signature based on the first key, or a certificate signing request including at least the electronic signature to the challenge code which electronic signature is based on the first key. 10. A communication device corresponding to the first communication device recited in claim 3,
wherein the communication device transmits, to the certificate issuing apparatus when receiving the challenge code, the challenge code or an electronic signature to the challenge code which electronic signature is based on the first key, together with the certificate signing request. 11. A certificate issuing system comprising a certificate issuing apparatus and a verification apparatus,
the certificate issuing apparatus comprising:
a first communicator configured to communicate with a first communication device regarding issuance of a certificate;
a detector configured to detect a verification apparatus possessing a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by the first communication device;
a second communicator configured to instruct the detected verification apparatus to verify whether the first communication device is authentic; and
an electronic signer configured to, when the authenticity of the first communication device is proved by the verification which uses the second key, generate the certificate for the first communication device by electronically signing a certificate signing request from the first communication device by using a third key, and
the verification apparatus comprising:
a third communicator configured to communicate with the certificate issuing apparatus regarding the verification of whether the first communication device is authentic; and
a verifier configured to verify whether the first communication device is authentic by verifying data from the first communication device by using the second key. 12. A certificate issuing method comprising:
detecting a verification apparatus possessing a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by a first communication device; instructing the detected verification apparatus to verify whether the first communication device is authentic; and when the authenticity of the first communication device is proved by the verification which uses the second key, generating a certificate for the first communication device by electronically signing a certificate signing request from the first communication device by using a third key. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium in which a program executed by a computer is stored, the program comprising:
detecting a verification apparatus possessing a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by a first communication device; instructing the detected verification apparatus to verify whether the first communication device is authentic; and when the authenticity of the first communication device is proved by the verification which uses the second key, generating a certificate for the first communication device by electronically signing a certificate signing request from the first communication device by using a third key. | An embodiment of the present invention provides a new scheme for issuing a server certificate to a Web server on a private network. A certificate issuing apparatus as one embodiment of the present invention includes a first communicator, a detector, a second communicator, and an electronic signer. The first communicator communicates with a first communication device regarding issuance of a certificate. The detector detects a verification apparatus possessing a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by the first communication device. The second communicator instructs the detected verification apparatus to verify whether the first communication device is authentic. When the authenticity of the first communication device is proved by the verification which uses the second key, the electronic signer generates the certificate for the first communication device by electronically signing a certificate signing request from the first communication device by using a third key.1. A certificate issuing apparatus comprising:
a first communicator configured to communicate with a first communication device regarding issuance of a certificate; a detector configured to detect a verification apparatus possessing a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by the first communication device; a second communicator configured to instruct the detected verification apparatus to verify whether the first communication device is authentic; and an electronic signer configured to, when the authenticity of the first communication device is proved by the verification which uses the second key, generate the certificate for the first communication device by electronically signing a certificate signing request from the first communication device by using a third key. 2. The certificate issuing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the third key used by the electronic signer is a key used for a certificate that is to be issued to a second communication device belonging to a public network. 3. The certificate issuing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, when accepting a request for the issuance of the certificate from the first communication device, the first communicator transmits, to the first communication device, a challenge code for use in confirmation of the authenticity of the first communication device, and wherein, when communication from the first communication device after the transmission of the challenge code does not include the challenge code, the first communicator notifies the first communication device that the challenge code is not included. 4. The certificate issuing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, when a verification apparatus is designated by the first communication device but the designated verification apparatus is not included in a predetermined trusted list, the first communicator notifies the first communication device that the designated verification apparatus is not usable. 5. The certificate issuing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, when a certificate signing request bearing an electronic signature by the verification apparatus is transmitted from the verification apparatus as a response to the verification instruction, the electronic signer issues the certificate for the first communication device by further electronically signing the certificate signing request bearing the electronic signature by the verification apparatus, by using the third key. 6. The certificate issuing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the electronic signer issues the certificate after appending data for identifying the verification apparatus to the certificate signing request at the time of the electronic signing which uses the third key. 7. A verification apparatus comprising:
a third communicator configured to communicate with a certificate issuing apparatus which issues a certificate to a first communication device, regarding verification of whether the first communication device is authentic; and a verifier configured to verify whether the first communication device is authentic by verifying data from the first communication device by using a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by the first communication device. 8. The verification apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising
a challenge code generator configured to generate a challenge code for use in confirmation of the authenticity of the first communication device, wherein the third communicator transmits the challenge code to the first communication device, and wherein, when verifying whether the first communication device is authentic, the verifier checks whether the data transmitted from the first communication device includes the challenge code, and wherein, when the challenge code is not included, the third communicator notifies the first communication device that the challenge code is not included. 9. A communication device corresponding to the first communication device recited in claim 3,
wherein the communication device being configured to transmit, to the certificate issuing apparatus when receiving the challenge code, a certificate signing request including at least the challenge code and an electronic signature based on the first key, or a certificate signing request including at least the electronic signature to the challenge code which electronic signature is based on the first key. 10. A communication device corresponding to the first communication device recited in claim 3,
wherein the communication device transmits, to the certificate issuing apparatus when receiving the challenge code, the challenge code or an electronic signature to the challenge code which electronic signature is based on the first key, together with the certificate signing request. 11. A certificate issuing system comprising a certificate issuing apparatus and a verification apparatus,
the certificate issuing apparatus comprising:
a first communicator configured to communicate with a first communication device regarding issuance of a certificate;
a detector configured to detect a verification apparatus possessing a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by the first communication device;
a second communicator configured to instruct the detected verification apparatus to verify whether the first communication device is authentic; and
an electronic signer configured to, when the authenticity of the first communication device is proved by the verification which uses the second key, generate the certificate for the first communication device by electronically signing a certificate signing request from the first communication device by using a third key, and
the verification apparatus comprising:
a third communicator configured to communicate with the certificate issuing apparatus regarding the verification of whether the first communication device is authentic; and
a verifier configured to verify whether the first communication device is authentic by verifying data from the first communication device by using the second key. 12. A certificate issuing method comprising:
detecting a verification apparatus possessing a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by a first communication device; instructing the detected verification apparatus to verify whether the first communication device is authentic; and when the authenticity of the first communication device is proved by the verification which uses the second key, generating a certificate for the first communication device by electronically signing a certificate signing request from the first communication device by using a third key. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium in which a program executed by a computer is stored, the program comprising:
detecting a verification apparatus possessing a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by a first communication device; instructing the detected verification apparatus to verify whether the first communication device is authentic; and when the authenticity of the first communication device is proved by the verification which uses the second key, generating a certificate for the first communication device by electronically signing a certificate signing request from the first communication device by using a third key. | 3,600 |
340,981 | 16,801,258 | 3,665 | An embodiment of the present invention provides a new scheme for issuing a server certificate to a Web server on a private network. A certificate issuing apparatus as one embodiment of the present invention includes a first communicator, a detector, a second communicator, and an electronic signer. The first communicator communicates with a first communication device regarding issuance of a certificate. The detector detects a verification apparatus possessing a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by the first communication device. The second communicator instructs the detected verification apparatus to verify whether the first communication device is authentic. When the authenticity of the first communication device is proved by the verification which uses the second key, the electronic signer generates the certificate for the first communication device by electronically signing a certificate signing request from the first communication device by using a third key. | 1. A certificate issuing apparatus comprising:
a first communicator configured to communicate with a first communication device regarding issuance of a certificate; a detector configured to detect a verification apparatus possessing a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by the first communication device; a second communicator configured to instruct the detected verification apparatus to verify whether the first communication device is authentic; and an electronic signer configured to, when the authenticity of the first communication device is proved by the verification which uses the second key, generate the certificate for the first communication device by electronically signing a certificate signing request from the first communication device by using a third key. 2. The certificate issuing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the third key used by the electronic signer is a key used for a certificate that is to be issued to a second communication device belonging to a public network. 3. The certificate issuing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, when accepting a request for the issuance of the certificate from the first communication device, the first communicator transmits, to the first communication device, a challenge code for use in confirmation of the authenticity of the first communication device, and wherein, when communication from the first communication device after the transmission of the challenge code does not include the challenge code, the first communicator notifies the first communication device that the challenge code is not included. 4. The certificate issuing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, when a verification apparatus is designated by the first communication device but the designated verification apparatus is not included in a predetermined trusted list, the first communicator notifies the first communication device that the designated verification apparatus is not usable. 5. The certificate issuing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, when a certificate signing request bearing an electronic signature by the verification apparatus is transmitted from the verification apparatus as a response to the verification instruction, the electronic signer issues the certificate for the first communication device by further electronically signing the certificate signing request bearing the electronic signature by the verification apparatus, by using the third key. 6. The certificate issuing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the electronic signer issues the certificate after appending data for identifying the verification apparatus to the certificate signing request at the time of the electronic signing which uses the third key. 7. A verification apparatus comprising:
a third communicator configured to communicate with a certificate issuing apparatus which issues a certificate to a first communication device, regarding verification of whether the first communication device is authentic; and a verifier configured to verify whether the first communication device is authentic by verifying data from the first communication device by using a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by the first communication device. 8. The verification apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising
a challenge code generator configured to generate a challenge code for use in confirmation of the authenticity of the first communication device, wherein the third communicator transmits the challenge code to the first communication device, and wherein, when verifying whether the first communication device is authentic, the verifier checks whether the data transmitted from the first communication device includes the challenge code, and wherein, when the challenge code is not included, the third communicator notifies the first communication device that the challenge code is not included. 9. A communication device corresponding to the first communication device recited in claim 3,
wherein the communication device being configured to transmit, to the certificate issuing apparatus when receiving the challenge code, a certificate signing request including at least the challenge code and an electronic signature based on the first key, or a certificate signing request including at least the electronic signature to the challenge code which electronic signature is based on the first key. 10. A communication device corresponding to the first communication device recited in claim 3,
wherein the communication device transmits, to the certificate issuing apparatus when receiving the challenge code, the challenge code or an electronic signature to the challenge code which electronic signature is based on the first key, together with the certificate signing request. 11. A certificate issuing system comprising a certificate issuing apparatus and a verification apparatus,
the certificate issuing apparatus comprising:
a first communicator configured to communicate with a first communication device regarding issuance of a certificate;
a detector configured to detect a verification apparatus possessing a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by the first communication device;
a second communicator configured to instruct the detected verification apparatus to verify whether the first communication device is authentic; and
an electronic signer configured to, when the authenticity of the first communication device is proved by the verification which uses the second key, generate the certificate for the first communication device by electronically signing a certificate signing request from the first communication device by using a third key, and
the verification apparatus comprising:
a third communicator configured to communicate with the certificate issuing apparatus regarding the verification of whether the first communication device is authentic; and
a verifier configured to verify whether the first communication device is authentic by verifying data from the first communication device by using the second key. 12. A certificate issuing method comprising:
detecting a verification apparatus possessing a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by a first communication device; instructing the detected verification apparatus to verify whether the first communication device is authentic; and when the authenticity of the first communication device is proved by the verification which uses the second key, generating a certificate for the first communication device by electronically signing a certificate signing request from the first communication device by using a third key. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium in which a program executed by a computer is stored, the program comprising:
detecting a verification apparatus possessing a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by a first communication device; instructing the detected verification apparatus to verify whether the first communication device is authentic; and when the authenticity of the first communication device is proved by the verification which uses the second key, generating a certificate for the first communication device by electronically signing a certificate signing request from the first communication device by using a third key. | An embodiment of the present invention provides a new scheme for issuing a server certificate to a Web server on a private network. A certificate issuing apparatus as one embodiment of the present invention includes a first communicator, a detector, a second communicator, and an electronic signer. The first communicator communicates with a first communication device regarding issuance of a certificate. The detector detects a verification apparatus possessing a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by the first communication device. The second communicator instructs the detected verification apparatus to verify whether the first communication device is authentic. When the authenticity of the first communication device is proved by the verification which uses the second key, the electronic signer generates the certificate for the first communication device by electronically signing a certificate signing request from the first communication device by using a third key.1. A certificate issuing apparatus comprising:
a first communicator configured to communicate with a first communication device regarding issuance of a certificate; a detector configured to detect a verification apparatus possessing a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by the first communication device; a second communicator configured to instruct the detected verification apparatus to verify whether the first communication device is authentic; and an electronic signer configured to, when the authenticity of the first communication device is proved by the verification which uses the second key, generate the certificate for the first communication device by electronically signing a certificate signing request from the first communication device by using a third key. 2. The certificate issuing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the third key used by the electronic signer is a key used for a certificate that is to be issued to a second communication device belonging to a public network. 3. The certificate issuing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, when accepting a request for the issuance of the certificate from the first communication device, the first communicator transmits, to the first communication device, a challenge code for use in confirmation of the authenticity of the first communication device, and wherein, when communication from the first communication device after the transmission of the challenge code does not include the challenge code, the first communicator notifies the first communication device that the challenge code is not included. 4. The certificate issuing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, when a verification apparatus is designated by the first communication device but the designated verification apparatus is not included in a predetermined trusted list, the first communicator notifies the first communication device that the designated verification apparatus is not usable. 5. The certificate issuing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein, when a certificate signing request bearing an electronic signature by the verification apparatus is transmitted from the verification apparatus as a response to the verification instruction, the electronic signer issues the certificate for the first communication device by further electronically signing the certificate signing request bearing the electronic signature by the verification apparatus, by using the third key. 6. The certificate issuing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the electronic signer issues the certificate after appending data for identifying the verification apparatus to the certificate signing request at the time of the electronic signing which uses the third key. 7. A verification apparatus comprising:
a third communicator configured to communicate with a certificate issuing apparatus which issues a certificate to a first communication device, regarding verification of whether the first communication device is authentic; and a verifier configured to verify whether the first communication device is authentic by verifying data from the first communication device by using a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by the first communication device. 8. The verification apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising
a challenge code generator configured to generate a challenge code for use in confirmation of the authenticity of the first communication device, wherein the third communicator transmits the challenge code to the first communication device, and wherein, when verifying whether the first communication device is authentic, the verifier checks whether the data transmitted from the first communication device includes the challenge code, and wherein, when the challenge code is not included, the third communicator notifies the first communication device that the challenge code is not included. 9. A communication device corresponding to the first communication device recited in claim 3,
wherein the communication device being configured to transmit, to the certificate issuing apparatus when receiving the challenge code, a certificate signing request including at least the challenge code and an electronic signature based on the first key, or a certificate signing request including at least the electronic signature to the challenge code which electronic signature is based on the first key. 10. A communication device corresponding to the first communication device recited in claim 3,
wherein the communication device transmits, to the certificate issuing apparatus when receiving the challenge code, the challenge code or an electronic signature to the challenge code which electronic signature is based on the first key, together with the certificate signing request. 11. A certificate issuing system comprising a certificate issuing apparatus and a verification apparatus,
the certificate issuing apparatus comprising:
a first communicator configured to communicate with a first communication device regarding issuance of a certificate;
a detector configured to detect a verification apparatus possessing a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by the first communication device;
a second communicator configured to instruct the detected verification apparatus to verify whether the first communication device is authentic; and
an electronic signer configured to, when the authenticity of the first communication device is proved by the verification which uses the second key, generate the certificate for the first communication device by electronically signing a certificate signing request from the first communication device by using a third key, and
the verification apparatus comprising:
a third communicator configured to communicate with the certificate issuing apparatus regarding the verification of whether the first communication device is authentic; and
a verifier configured to verify whether the first communication device is authentic by verifying data from the first communication device by using the second key. 12. A certificate issuing method comprising:
detecting a verification apparatus possessing a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by a first communication device; instructing the detected verification apparatus to verify whether the first communication device is authentic; and when the authenticity of the first communication device is proved by the verification which uses the second key, generating a certificate for the first communication device by electronically signing a certificate signing request from the first communication device by using a third key. 13. A non-transitory computer readable medium in which a program executed by a computer is stored, the program comprising:
detecting a verification apparatus possessing a second key identical with or corresponding to a first key possessed by a first communication device; instructing the detected verification apparatus to verify whether the first communication device is authentic; and when the authenticity of the first communication device is proved by the verification which uses the second key, generating a certificate for the first communication device by electronically signing a certificate signing request from the first communication device by using a third key. | 3,600 |
340,982 | 16,801,263 | 3,665 | A manually operable pointing device for use with a computer, adapted for use with a prosthetic hook, includes a shell, a bearing surface, a receptacle, and first and second actuating levers. The shell has a first end and a second end positioned distal thereto. The bearing surface is positioned at the first end of the shell for supporting a portion of the hook. The receptacle is positioned proximate to the second end of the shell and is adapted to receive a tip of the hook. The first actuating lever extends from the first end to the second end and is movable relative to the shell. The second actuating lever extends from the first end to the second end, is movable relative to the shell, and positioned adjacent to the first actuating lever. | 1. A manually operable pointing device for use with a computer, said device being adapted for use with a prosthetic hook, said device comprising:
a shell having a first end and a second end positioned distal thereto; a bearing surface positioned at said first end of said shell for supporting a portion of said hook; a receptacle positioned proximate to said second end of said shell, said receptacle having a receptacle surface adapted to receive a tip of said hook; a first actuating lever extending from said first end to said second end, said actuating lever being movable relatively to said shell; a second actuating lever extending from said first end to said second end, said second actuating lever being movable relatively to said shell and being positioned adjacent to said first actuating lever. 2. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein said receptacle surface is concave. 3. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein said receptacle further comprises a flange positioned proximate to said second end, said flange projecting transverse to said receptacle surface. 4. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein said first and second actuating levers have a concave curvature over a first region positioned proximate to said first end of said shell, and a convex curvature over a second region proximate to said receptacle. 5. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein said receptacle is offset from a centerline extending between said first and said second ends of said shell. 6. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein said bearing surface comprises a bar oriented transversely to a centerline extending between said first and said second ends of said shell. 7. The pointing device according to claim 6, wherein said bar comprises a material having a high coefficient of friction. 8. The pointing device according to claim 1, further comprising a base, said shell being attached thereto overlying said base. 9. The pointing device according to claim 8, wherein said receptacle is mounted on said base. 10. The pointing device according to claim 8, wherein said base comprises a material having a low coefficient of friction. 11. The pointing device according to claim 8, wherein said first and second actuating levers are movable toward and away from said base. 12. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein said first and second actuating levers comprise a material having a high coefficient of friction. 13. A manually operable pointing device for use with a computer, said device being adapted for use with a prosthetic hook, said device comprising:
a shell having a first end and a second end positioned distal thereto; a bearing surface positioned at said first end of said shell for supporting a portion of said hook; a receptacle comprising a receptacle surface, said receptacle positioned proximate to said second end of said shell, said receptacle surface adapted to receive a tip of said hook; a flange positioned proximate to said second end of said shell and projecting transverse to said receptacle surface; a first actuating lever extending from said first end to said second end, said actuating lever being movable relatively to said shell; a second actuating lever extending from said first end to said second end, said second actuating lever being movable relatively to said shell and being positioned adjacent to said first actuating lever. 14. The pointing device according to claim 13, wherein said receptacle surface is concave. 15. The pointing device according to claim 13, wherein said first and second actuating levers have a concave curvature over a first region positioned proximate to said first end of said shell, and a convex curvature over a second region proximate to said receptacle. 16. The pointing device according to claim 13, wherein said receptacle is offset from a centerline extending between said first and said second ends of said shell. 17. The pointing device according to claim 13, wherein said bearing surface comprises a bar oriented transversely to a centerline extending between said first and said second ends of said shell. 18. The pointing device according to claim 17, wherein said bar comprises a material having a high coefficient of friction. 19. The pointing device according to claim 13, further comprising a base, said shell being attached thereto overlying said base. 20. The pointing device according to claim 19, wherein said receptacle is mounted on said base. 21. The pointing device according to claim 19, wherein said base comprises a material having a low coefficient of friction. 22. The pointing device according to claim 19, wherein said first and second actuating levers are movable toward and away from said base. 23. The pointing device according to claim 13, wherein said first and second actuating levers comprise a material having a high coefficient of friction. | A manually operable pointing device for use with a computer, adapted for use with a prosthetic hook, includes a shell, a bearing surface, a receptacle, and first and second actuating levers. The shell has a first end and a second end positioned distal thereto. The bearing surface is positioned at the first end of the shell for supporting a portion of the hook. The receptacle is positioned proximate to the second end of the shell and is adapted to receive a tip of the hook. The first actuating lever extends from the first end to the second end and is movable relative to the shell. The second actuating lever extends from the first end to the second end, is movable relative to the shell, and positioned adjacent to the first actuating lever.1. A manually operable pointing device for use with a computer, said device being adapted for use with a prosthetic hook, said device comprising:
a shell having a first end and a second end positioned distal thereto; a bearing surface positioned at said first end of said shell for supporting a portion of said hook; a receptacle positioned proximate to said second end of said shell, said receptacle having a receptacle surface adapted to receive a tip of said hook; a first actuating lever extending from said first end to said second end, said actuating lever being movable relatively to said shell; a second actuating lever extending from said first end to said second end, said second actuating lever being movable relatively to said shell and being positioned adjacent to said first actuating lever. 2. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein said receptacle surface is concave. 3. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein said receptacle further comprises a flange positioned proximate to said second end, said flange projecting transverse to said receptacle surface. 4. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein said first and second actuating levers have a concave curvature over a first region positioned proximate to said first end of said shell, and a convex curvature over a second region proximate to said receptacle. 5. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein said receptacle is offset from a centerline extending between said first and said second ends of said shell. 6. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein said bearing surface comprises a bar oriented transversely to a centerline extending between said first and said second ends of said shell. 7. The pointing device according to claim 6, wherein said bar comprises a material having a high coefficient of friction. 8. The pointing device according to claim 1, further comprising a base, said shell being attached thereto overlying said base. 9. The pointing device according to claim 8, wherein said receptacle is mounted on said base. 10. The pointing device according to claim 8, wherein said base comprises a material having a low coefficient of friction. 11. The pointing device according to claim 8, wherein said first and second actuating levers are movable toward and away from said base. 12. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein said first and second actuating levers comprise a material having a high coefficient of friction. 13. A manually operable pointing device for use with a computer, said device being adapted for use with a prosthetic hook, said device comprising:
a shell having a first end and a second end positioned distal thereto; a bearing surface positioned at said first end of said shell for supporting a portion of said hook; a receptacle comprising a receptacle surface, said receptacle positioned proximate to said second end of said shell, said receptacle surface adapted to receive a tip of said hook; a flange positioned proximate to said second end of said shell and projecting transverse to said receptacle surface; a first actuating lever extending from said first end to said second end, said actuating lever being movable relatively to said shell; a second actuating lever extending from said first end to said second end, said second actuating lever being movable relatively to said shell and being positioned adjacent to said first actuating lever. 14. The pointing device according to claim 13, wherein said receptacle surface is concave. 15. The pointing device according to claim 13, wherein said first and second actuating levers have a concave curvature over a first region positioned proximate to said first end of said shell, and a convex curvature over a second region proximate to said receptacle. 16. The pointing device according to claim 13, wherein said receptacle is offset from a centerline extending between said first and said second ends of said shell. 17. The pointing device according to claim 13, wherein said bearing surface comprises a bar oriented transversely to a centerline extending between said first and said second ends of said shell. 18. The pointing device according to claim 17, wherein said bar comprises a material having a high coefficient of friction. 19. The pointing device according to claim 13, further comprising a base, said shell being attached thereto overlying said base. 20. The pointing device according to claim 19, wherein said receptacle is mounted on said base. 21. The pointing device according to claim 19, wherein said base comprises a material having a low coefficient of friction. 22. The pointing device according to claim 19, wherein said first and second actuating levers are movable toward and away from said base. 23. The pointing device according to claim 13, wherein said first and second actuating levers comprise a material having a high coefficient of friction. | 3,600 |
340,983 | 16,801,272 | 3,665 | A flexible manipulator apparatus includes an elongate flexible manipulator having a sensor, a user output device configured to provide sensory outputs to the user, and processing circuitry. The flexible manipulator may be movable to form a curve in the flexible manipulator. The processing circuitry may be configured to receive captured sensor data from the sensor during movement of the flexible manipulator, and determine a collision likelihood score based on application of the captured sensor data to a collision detection model used for position estimation. The collision detection model may be based on an empirical data training for the flexible manipulator that includes training sensor data from the sensor and training image data of positions of the flexible manipulator. The processing circuitry may be configured to control the user output device based on the collision likelihood score to provide a collision alert sensory output to the user. | 1. A manipulator apparatus comprising:
a flexible manipulator comprising a sensor, wherein the flexible manipulator is movable to form a curve; a user output device configured to provide sensory outputs to a user; and processing circuitry configured to:
receive captured sensor data from the sensor during movement of the flexible manipulator;
determine a collision likelihood score based on application of the captured sensor data to a collision detection model used for position estimation, the collision detection model being based on an empirical data training for the flexible manipulator comprising training sensor data from the sensor and training image data of positions of the flexible manipulator; and
control the user output device based on the collision likelihood score to provide a collision alert sensory output to the user. 2. The manipulator apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to control the user output device to provide a real-time sonification output to the user based on the collision likelihood score. 3. The manipulator apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flexible manipulator comprises a continuum manipulator controlled via movement of cables. 4. The manipulator apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor. 5. The manipulator apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor is configured to provide raw sensor data that includes wavelength information. 6. The manipulator apparatus of claim 1 wherein
the processing circuitry is configured to determine the collision likelihood score based on application of the captured sensor data to the collision detection model, and
the captured sensor data is the only input to be applied to the collision detection model to determine the collision likelihood score. 7. The manipulator apparatus of claim 1 wherein
the processing circuitry is configured to determine the collision likelihood score based on application of the captured sensor data to the collision detection model, and
the captured sensor data is raw sensory data received from the sensor. 8. The manipulator apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the flexible manipulator comprises a tip, and the processing circuitry configured to determine the collision likelihood score includes being configured to determine an estimation of a position of the tip by determining a curvature of the flexible manipulator based on the captured sensor data. 9. The manipulator apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the sensor comprises three or more sensor nodes, each of the sensor nodes is located on a different, respective cross-sectional plane of the flexible manipulator, and each sensor node is configured to collect node-level sensor data for inclusion in the sensor data. 10. A system for generating a collision detection model for a manipulator apparatus, the system comprising:
a flexible manipulator comprising an sensor, wherein the flexible manipulator is movable to form a curve; a camera configured capture movement of the flexible manipulator relative to a test collision object; processing circuitry in communication with the flexible manipulator and the camera, the processing circuitry configured to:
control the flexible manipulator to cause iterations of movement relative to the test collision object with at least one iteration of movement involving a collision between the flexible manipulator and the test collision object;
receive sensor data sets associated with the iterations of movement of the flexible manipulator from the sensor;
receive image data sets associated with the iterations of movement of the flexible manipulator from the camera;
synthesize the sensor data sets with the image data sets to classify the iterations of movement into a collision class and a no collision class; and
generate the collision detection model for use with the flexible manipulator for position estimation in future procedures based on the synthesized data sets and the classifications of the iterations of movement. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to generate the collision detection model through implementation of machine learning using a deep neural network, a gradient boosting classifier, or a linear regression model. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the flexible manipulator comprises a continuum manipulator controlled via movement of cables. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the sensor comprises a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to validate the collision detection model using the synthesized data sets. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein
the sensor comprises three or more sensor nodes, each of the sensor nodes is located on a different, respective cross-sectional plane of the flexible manipulator, and each sensor node is configured to collect node-level sensor data for inclusion in the sensor data sets. 16. A method for generating a collision detection model for a manipulator apparatus, the method comprising:
controlling a flexible manipulator to cause iterations of movement relative to a test collision object with at least one iteration of movement involving a collision between the flexible manipulator and the test collision object; receiving sensor data sets associated with the iterations of movement of the flexible manipulator from a sensor, wherein the flexible manipulator comprises the sensor; receiving image data sets associated with the iterations of movement of the flexible manipulator from a camera, the camera being remote from the flexible manipulator; synthesizing, by processing circuitry, the sensor data sets with the image data sets to classify the iterations of movement into a collision class and a no collision class; and generating a collision detection model for use with the flexible manipulator for position estimation in future procedures based on the synthesized data sets and the classifications of the iterations of movement. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the generating the collision detection model includes implementation of a classifier such as gradient boosting classifier. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the sensor comprises a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the generating the collision detection model includes validating the collision detection model using the synthesized data sets. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein
the sensor comprises three or more sensor nodes, each of the sensor nodes being located on a different, respective cross-sectional plane of the flexible manipulator, and each sensor node being configured to collect node-level sensor data for inclusion in the sensor data sets. | A flexible manipulator apparatus includes an elongate flexible manipulator having a sensor, a user output device configured to provide sensory outputs to the user, and processing circuitry. The flexible manipulator may be movable to form a curve in the flexible manipulator. The processing circuitry may be configured to receive captured sensor data from the sensor during movement of the flexible manipulator, and determine a collision likelihood score based on application of the captured sensor data to a collision detection model used for position estimation. The collision detection model may be based on an empirical data training for the flexible manipulator that includes training sensor data from the sensor and training image data of positions of the flexible manipulator. The processing circuitry may be configured to control the user output device based on the collision likelihood score to provide a collision alert sensory output to the user.1. A manipulator apparatus comprising:
a flexible manipulator comprising a sensor, wherein the flexible manipulator is movable to form a curve; a user output device configured to provide sensory outputs to a user; and processing circuitry configured to:
receive captured sensor data from the sensor during movement of the flexible manipulator;
determine a collision likelihood score based on application of the captured sensor data to a collision detection model used for position estimation, the collision detection model being based on an empirical data training for the flexible manipulator comprising training sensor data from the sensor and training image data of positions of the flexible manipulator; and
control the user output device based on the collision likelihood score to provide a collision alert sensory output to the user. 2. The manipulator apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to control the user output device to provide a real-time sonification output to the user based on the collision likelihood score. 3. The manipulator apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flexible manipulator comprises a continuum manipulator controlled via movement of cables. 4. The manipulator apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor. 5. The manipulator apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor is configured to provide raw sensor data that includes wavelength information. 6. The manipulator apparatus of claim 1 wherein
the processing circuitry is configured to determine the collision likelihood score based on application of the captured sensor data to the collision detection model, and
the captured sensor data is the only input to be applied to the collision detection model to determine the collision likelihood score. 7. The manipulator apparatus of claim 1 wherein
the processing circuitry is configured to determine the collision likelihood score based on application of the captured sensor data to the collision detection model, and
the captured sensor data is raw sensory data received from the sensor. 8. The manipulator apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the flexible manipulator comprises a tip, and the processing circuitry configured to determine the collision likelihood score includes being configured to determine an estimation of a position of the tip by determining a curvature of the flexible manipulator based on the captured sensor data. 9. The manipulator apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the sensor comprises three or more sensor nodes, each of the sensor nodes is located on a different, respective cross-sectional plane of the flexible manipulator, and each sensor node is configured to collect node-level sensor data for inclusion in the sensor data. 10. A system for generating a collision detection model for a manipulator apparatus, the system comprising:
a flexible manipulator comprising an sensor, wherein the flexible manipulator is movable to form a curve; a camera configured capture movement of the flexible manipulator relative to a test collision object; processing circuitry in communication with the flexible manipulator and the camera, the processing circuitry configured to:
control the flexible manipulator to cause iterations of movement relative to the test collision object with at least one iteration of movement involving a collision between the flexible manipulator and the test collision object;
receive sensor data sets associated with the iterations of movement of the flexible manipulator from the sensor;
receive image data sets associated with the iterations of movement of the flexible manipulator from the camera;
synthesize the sensor data sets with the image data sets to classify the iterations of movement into a collision class and a no collision class; and
generate the collision detection model for use with the flexible manipulator for position estimation in future procedures based on the synthesized data sets and the classifications of the iterations of movement. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to generate the collision detection model through implementation of machine learning using a deep neural network, a gradient boosting classifier, or a linear regression model. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the flexible manipulator comprises a continuum manipulator controlled via movement of cables. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the sensor comprises a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to validate the collision detection model using the synthesized data sets. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein
the sensor comprises three or more sensor nodes, each of the sensor nodes is located on a different, respective cross-sectional plane of the flexible manipulator, and each sensor node is configured to collect node-level sensor data for inclusion in the sensor data sets. 16. A method for generating a collision detection model for a manipulator apparatus, the method comprising:
controlling a flexible manipulator to cause iterations of movement relative to a test collision object with at least one iteration of movement involving a collision between the flexible manipulator and the test collision object; receiving sensor data sets associated with the iterations of movement of the flexible manipulator from a sensor, wherein the flexible manipulator comprises the sensor; receiving image data sets associated with the iterations of movement of the flexible manipulator from a camera, the camera being remote from the flexible manipulator; synthesizing, by processing circuitry, the sensor data sets with the image data sets to classify the iterations of movement into a collision class and a no collision class; and generating a collision detection model for use with the flexible manipulator for position estimation in future procedures based on the synthesized data sets and the classifications of the iterations of movement. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the generating the collision detection model includes implementation of a classifier such as gradient boosting classifier. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the sensor comprises a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the generating the collision detection model includes validating the collision detection model using the synthesized data sets. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein
the sensor comprises three or more sensor nodes, each of the sensor nodes being located on a different, respective cross-sectional plane of the flexible manipulator, and each sensor node being configured to collect node-level sensor data for inclusion in the sensor data sets. | 3,600 |
340,984 | 16,801,239 | 3,665 | There is provided a control device for a vehicle oil supply device that includes a mechanical oil pump configured to be rotatable forward and in reverse, an electric oil pump configured to suction oil stored in an oil storage portion that is common to the mechanical oil pump and the electric oil pump, a first filtering member provided to a first strainer of the mechanical oil pump, and a second filtering member provided to second strainer of the electric oil pump. The control device includes a controller configured to control the rotational speed of the electric oil pump. The controller is configured to restrict the rotational speed of the electric oil pump when the mechanical oil pump is rotated in reverse compared to when the mechanical oil pump is rotated forward. | 1. A control device for a vehicle oil supply device, the vehicle oil supply device including:
a mechanical oil pump configured to be rotatable forward and in reverse; an electric oil pump configured to suction oil stored in an oil storage portion common to the mechanical oil pump; a first filtering member provided to a first strainer of the mechanical oil pump; and a second filtering member provided to a second strainer of the electric oil pump, the control device comprising a controller configured to control a rotational speed of the electric oil pump, the controller being configured to restrict the rotational speed of the electric oil pump when the mechanical oil pump is rotated in reverse compared to when the mechanical oil pump is rotated forward. 2. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to restrict the rotational speed of the electric oil pump such that the rotational speed of the electric oil pump does not exceed a first threshold when the mechanical oil pump is rotated in reverse. 3. The control device according to claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to restrict the rotational speed of the electric oil pump such that the rotational speed of the electric oil pump does not exceed a second threshold when a temperature of an electric motor cooled by oil dispensed at least from the electric oil pump is equal to or more than a predetermined temperature set in advance, the second threshold being set to a value that is larger than the first threshold. 4. The control device according to claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to restrict the rotational speed of the electric oil pump such that the rotational speed of the electric oil pump does not exceed a second threshold when a temperature of oil dispensed at least from the electric oil pump is equal to or more than a predetermined temperature set in advance, the second threshold being set to a value that is larger than the first threshold. 5. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to cancel restriction on the rotational speed of the electric oil pump when a temperature of an electric motor cooled by oil dispensed at least from the electric oil pump is equal to or more than a predetermined temperature set in advance. 6. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to stop the electric oil pump when the mechanical oil pump is rotated in reverse. 7. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to maintain restriction on the rotational speed of the electric oil pump until a predetermined time elapses since the mechanical oil pump is switched from reverse rotation to forward rotation. 8. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to stop restricting the rotational speed of the electric oil pump instantly when the mechanical oil pump is switched from reverse rotation to forward rotation. 9. The control device according to claim 1, wherein in the vehicle oil supply device, a suction opening of the mechanical oil pump and a suction opening of the electric oil pump are disposed adjacent to each other. 10. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle oil supply device includes an oil path provided between a dispensing port of the electric oil pump and a second dispensing port of the mechanical oil pump. 11. The control device according to claim 10, wherein the oil path includes a check valve configured to allow the oil to irreversibly flow from the dispensing port of the electric oil pump to the second dispensing port of the mechanical oil pump. 12. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical oil pump is configured to be driven by a rotary member that operates in conjunction with an axle of a vehicle. | There is provided a control device for a vehicle oil supply device that includes a mechanical oil pump configured to be rotatable forward and in reverse, an electric oil pump configured to suction oil stored in an oil storage portion that is common to the mechanical oil pump and the electric oil pump, a first filtering member provided to a first strainer of the mechanical oil pump, and a second filtering member provided to second strainer of the electric oil pump. The control device includes a controller configured to control the rotational speed of the electric oil pump. The controller is configured to restrict the rotational speed of the electric oil pump when the mechanical oil pump is rotated in reverse compared to when the mechanical oil pump is rotated forward.1. A control device for a vehicle oil supply device, the vehicle oil supply device including:
a mechanical oil pump configured to be rotatable forward and in reverse; an electric oil pump configured to suction oil stored in an oil storage portion common to the mechanical oil pump; a first filtering member provided to a first strainer of the mechanical oil pump; and a second filtering member provided to a second strainer of the electric oil pump, the control device comprising a controller configured to control a rotational speed of the electric oil pump, the controller being configured to restrict the rotational speed of the electric oil pump when the mechanical oil pump is rotated in reverse compared to when the mechanical oil pump is rotated forward. 2. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to restrict the rotational speed of the electric oil pump such that the rotational speed of the electric oil pump does not exceed a first threshold when the mechanical oil pump is rotated in reverse. 3. The control device according to claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to restrict the rotational speed of the electric oil pump such that the rotational speed of the electric oil pump does not exceed a second threshold when a temperature of an electric motor cooled by oil dispensed at least from the electric oil pump is equal to or more than a predetermined temperature set in advance, the second threshold being set to a value that is larger than the first threshold. 4. The control device according to claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to restrict the rotational speed of the electric oil pump such that the rotational speed of the electric oil pump does not exceed a second threshold when a temperature of oil dispensed at least from the electric oil pump is equal to or more than a predetermined temperature set in advance, the second threshold being set to a value that is larger than the first threshold. 5. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to cancel restriction on the rotational speed of the electric oil pump when a temperature of an electric motor cooled by oil dispensed at least from the electric oil pump is equal to or more than a predetermined temperature set in advance. 6. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to stop the electric oil pump when the mechanical oil pump is rotated in reverse. 7. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to maintain restriction on the rotational speed of the electric oil pump until a predetermined time elapses since the mechanical oil pump is switched from reverse rotation to forward rotation. 8. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to stop restricting the rotational speed of the electric oil pump instantly when the mechanical oil pump is switched from reverse rotation to forward rotation. 9. The control device according to claim 1, wherein in the vehicle oil supply device, a suction opening of the mechanical oil pump and a suction opening of the electric oil pump are disposed adjacent to each other. 10. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle oil supply device includes an oil path provided between a dispensing port of the electric oil pump and a second dispensing port of the mechanical oil pump. 11. The control device according to claim 10, wherein the oil path includes a check valve configured to allow the oil to irreversibly flow from the dispensing port of the electric oil pump to the second dispensing port of the mechanical oil pump. 12. The control device according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical oil pump is configured to be driven by a rotary member that operates in conjunction with an axle of a vehicle. | 3,600 |
340,985 | 16,801,241 | 3,665 | An approach for accessing multi-attribute data records of a master data management system. The method comprises: enhancing the master data management system with one or more search engines for enabling data record access. A request of data may be received at the master data management system. A set of one or more of the multiple attributes, referenced in the received request, may be identified. A combination of one or more of the search engines of the master data management system, whose performances for searching values of at least part of the set of attributes fulfil a current selection rule may be selected. And, the request may be processed using the combination of search engines. At least part of the results of the processing may be provided, and the selection rule may be updated based on user operations on the provided results, the updated selection rule becoming the current selection rule. | 1. A method for accessing data records of a master data management system, the data records comprising multiple attributes, the method comprising:
enhancing the master data management system with one or more search engines for enabling access to the data records; receiving at the master data management system a request of data; identifying a set of one or more attributes, of the multiple attributes, which are referenced in the received request; selecting a combination of one or more search engines, of the search engines of the master data management system, whose performances for searching values of at least part of the set of attributes fulfill a current selection rule; processing the request using the combination of search engines; and providing, at least in part, results of the processing. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
updating the selection rule based on user operations on the results, the updated selection rule becoming the current selection rule and upon receiving another request of data, repeating the identifying, selecting, processing and providing steps using the current selection rule. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the results comprise data records of the master data management system in association with respective matching scores obtained by scoring engines of the search engines, further comprising:
weighting the matching scores in accordance with performance of components involved in providing the results, the components comprising at least part of method steps, elements used for providing the results and the results, wherein the results comprise non-duplicated data records having a weighted matching score higher than a predefined score threshold. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein components providing the results comprising the search engines, the identifying step and the results, further comprising:
assigning engine weights to the search engines; assigning attribute weights to the set of attributes, wherein the attribute weight of an attribute is indicative of a confidence level by which said attribute is identified; assigning completeness weights and freshness weights to the data records of the results, wherein the completeness weights are indicative of the completeness of the data records and the freshness weights are indicative of the freshness of the data records; and creating a combined weight based on at least a respective engine weight, an attribute weight, a completeness weight and a freshness weight, and weighting a score of the data record by the combined weight. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
providing a user parameter quantifying user operations; determining values of user parameters and associated values of component parameters descriptive of the components; and using the values and the association values for updating the weights assigned to the components. 6. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
providing a look-table associating the user parameters values with the values of the component parameters and using the look-table for updating the weight assigned to the components. 7. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
modeling the variation of the user parameter's values with the values of the component parameters using a predefined model, and using the model for determining updated weights of the components and using the updated weights for updating the weights assigned to the components. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein a user operation of the user operations comprises an indication of a selection of a result, the indication comprising a mouse click on a displayed result of the provided results, wherein the user parameter comprises at least one of the number of clicks, the frequency of clicks and the duration of accessing a given result of the results. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the results comprise data records of the master data management system in association with respective matching scores as obtained by scoring engines of the search engines, wherein the provided results comprise non-duplicated data records having a matching score higher than a predefined score threshold. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein for each attribute of the set of attributes, the selection rule comprises:
determining values of performance parameters indicative of the performances of the search engines for searching values of the attribute; and selecting the search engines whose performance parameter values are higher than a predefined performance threshold value. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the performance parameters comprises at least one of the number of results or the level of matching of the results to the expectations. 12. The method of claim 10, the selection rule using a table associating attributes to corresponding search engines, the updating of the selection rule comprising:
determining the values of a user parameter quantifying the user operations on provided results of the combination of the search engines; and using the determined values associated with the combination of the search engines for identifying the values of the user parameters that are smaller than a predefined threshold and for the identified values of the user parameters, determining the attributes of the set of attributes and the search engines that are associated with the identified values and updating the table using the determined attributes and search engines. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the combination of search engines is a ranked list of search engines, wherein the processing of the request is consecutively performed following the ranked list until a minimum number of results is exceeded. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the set of attributes comprises:
inputting the received request to a predefined machine learning model; and receiving from the machine learning model a classification of the request, the classification indicating the set of attributes. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
inputting the set of attributes to a predefined machine learning model and receiving from the machine learning model one or more search engines that may be used for searching the set of attributes. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
receiving a training set indicative of different sets of one or more training attributes, wherein each set of training attributes is labeled to indicate search engines that are suitable to perform the search of the set of training attributes; and training a predefined machine learning algorithm using the training set, thereby generating the machine learning model. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the provided results comprise data records that are filtered depending on the sender of the request. 18. A computer program product comprising:
a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program code embodied therewith, the computer-readable program code configured to for accessing data records of a master data management system, the data management system comprising search engines for enabling access to the data records, the data records comprising multiple attributes, the computer-readable program code further configured to: receive at the master data management system a request of data; identify a set of one or more attributes, of the multiple attributes, which are referenced in the received request; select a combination of one or more search engines, of the search engines of the master data management system, whose performances for searching values of at least part of the set of attributes fulfill a current selection rule; process the request using the combination of search engines; and provide at least part of the results of the processing. 19. A computer system for enabling access to data records of a master data management system, the data records comprising multiple attributes, the computer system comprising:
a user interface configured for receiving a request of data; a plurality of search engines for enabling access to the data records, wherein the search engines are configured for processing the request; an entity identifier configured for identifying a set of one or more attributes, of the multiple attributes, which are referenced in the received request; an engine selector configured for selecting a combination of one or more search engines, of the search engines, whose performances for searching values of at least part of the set of attributes fulfil a current selection rule; and a result provider configured for providing at least part of the results of the processing. 20. The computer system of claim 19, wherein the results comprise data records of the computer system in association with respective matching scores as obtained by scoring engines of the search engines, the computer system further comprising:
a weight provider configured for weighting the matching scores in accordance with performances of components involved in providing the results, the components comprising at least part of method steps and elements used for providing the results and the results, wherein the provided results comprise non duplicated data records having a weighted matching score higher than a predefined score threshold. | An approach for accessing multi-attribute data records of a master data management system. The method comprises: enhancing the master data management system with one or more search engines for enabling data record access. A request of data may be received at the master data management system. A set of one or more of the multiple attributes, referenced in the received request, may be identified. A combination of one or more of the search engines of the master data management system, whose performances for searching values of at least part of the set of attributes fulfil a current selection rule may be selected. And, the request may be processed using the combination of search engines. At least part of the results of the processing may be provided, and the selection rule may be updated based on user operations on the provided results, the updated selection rule becoming the current selection rule.1. A method for accessing data records of a master data management system, the data records comprising multiple attributes, the method comprising:
enhancing the master data management system with one or more search engines for enabling access to the data records; receiving at the master data management system a request of data; identifying a set of one or more attributes, of the multiple attributes, which are referenced in the received request; selecting a combination of one or more search engines, of the search engines of the master data management system, whose performances for searching values of at least part of the set of attributes fulfill a current selection rule; processing the request using the combination of search engines; and providing, at least in part, results of the processing. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
updating the selection rule based on user operations on the results, the updated selection rule becoming the current selection rule and upon receiving another request of data, repeating the identifying, selecting, processing and providing steps using the current selection rule. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the results comprise data records of the master data management system in association with respective matching scores obtained by scoring engines of the search engines, further comprising:
weighting the matching scores in accordance with performance of components involved in providing the results, the components comprising at least part of method steps, elements used for providing the results and the results, wherein the results comprise non-duplicated data records having a weighted matching score higher than a predefined score threshold. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein components providing the results comprising the search engines, the identifying step and the results, further comprising:
assigning engine weights to the search engines; assigning attribute weights to the set of attributes, wherein the attribute weight of an attribute is indicative of a confidence level by which said attribute is identified; assigning completeness weights and freshness weights to the data records of the results, wherein the completeness weights are indicative of the completeness of the data records and the freshness weights are indicative of the freshness of the data records; and creating a combined weight based on at least a respective engine weight, an attribute weight, a completeness weight and a freshness weight, and weighting a score of the data record by the combined weight. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
providing a user parameter quantifying user operations; determining values of user parameters and associated values of component parameters descriptive of the components; and using the values and the association values for updating the weights assigned to the components. 6. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
providing a look-table associating the user parameters values with the values of the component parameters and using the look-table for updating the weight assigned to the components. 7. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
modeling the variation of the user parameter's values with the values of the component parameters using a predefined model, and using the model for determining updated weights of the components and using the updated weights for updating the weights assigned to the components. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein a user operation of the user operations comprises an indication of a selection of a result, the indication comprising a mouse click on a displayed result of the provided results, wherein the user parameter comprises at least one of the number of clicks, the frequency of clicks and the duration of accessing a given result of the results. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the results comprise data records of the master data management system in association with respective matching scores as obtained by scoring engines of the search engines, wherein the provided results comprise non-duplicated data records having a matching score higher than a predefined score threshold. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein for each attribute of the set of attributes, the selection rule comprises:
determining values of performance parameters indicative of the performances of the search engines for searching values of the attribute; and selecting the search engines whose performance parameter values are higher than a predefined performance threshold value. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the performance parameters comprises at least one of the number of results or the level of matching of the results to the expectations. 12. The method of claim 10, the selection rule using a table associating attributes to corresponding search engines, the updating of the selection rule comprising:
determining the values of a user parameter quantifying the user operations on provided results of the combination of the search engines; and using the determined values associated with the combination of the search engines for identifying the values of the user parameters that are smaller than a predefined threshold and for the identified values of the user parameters, determining the attributes of the set of attributes and the search engines that are associated with the identified values and updating the table using the determined attributes and search engines. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the combination of search engines is a ranked list of search engines, wherein the processing of the request is consecutively performed following the ranked list until a minimum number of results is exceeded. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the set of attributes comprises:
inputting the received request to a predefined machine learning model; and receiving from the machine learning model a classification of the request, the classification indicating the set of attributes. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
inputting the set of attributes to a predefined machine learning model and receiving from the machine learning model one or more search engines that may be used for searching the set of attributes. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
receiving a training set indicative of different sets of one or more training attributes, wherein each set of training attributes is labeled to indicate search engines that are suitable to perform the search of the set of training attributes; and training a predefined machine learning algorithm using the training set, thereby generating the machine learning model. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the provided results comprise data records that are filtered depending on the sender of the request. 18. A computer program product comprising:
a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program code embodied therewith, the computer-readable program code configured to for accessing data records of a master data management system, the data management system comprising search engines for enabling access to the data records, the data records comprising multiple attributes, the computer-readable program code further configured to: receive at the master data management system a request of data; identify a set of one or more attributes, of the multiple attributes, which are referenced in the received request; select a combination of one or more search engines, of the search engines of the master data management system, whose performances for searching values of at least part of the set of attributes fulfill a current selection rule; process the request using the combination of search engines; and provide at least part of the results of the processing. 19. A computer system for enabling access to data records of a master data management system, the data records comprising multiple attributes, the computer system comprising:
a user interface configured for receiving a request of data; a plurality of search engines for enabling access to the data records, wherein the search engines are configured for processing the request; an entity identifier configured for identifying a set of one or more attributes, of the multiple attributes, which are referenced in the received request; an engine selector configured for selecting a combination of one or more search engines, of the search engines, whose performances for searching values of at least part of the set of attributes fulfil a current selection rule; and a result provider configured for providing at least part of the results of the processing. 20. The computer system of claim 19, wherein the results comprise data records of the computer system in association with respective matching scores as obtained by scoring engines of the search engines, the computer system further comprising:
a weight provider configured for weighting the matching scores in accordance with performances of components involved in providing the results, the components comprising at least part of method steps and elements used for providing the results and the results, wherein the provided results comprise non duplicated data records having a weighted matching score higher than a predefined score threshold. | 3,600 |
340,986 | 16,801,252 | 3,665 | An arithmetic apparatus according to an embodiment outputs a multiplicative value obtained by multiplying a weight value and an input value. The arithmetic apparatus includes a memristor, a logarithmic transform circuit, and a current-voltage converter circuit. The memristor is a device capable of changing voltage-current characteristic, and the memristor is preset to voltage-current characteristic according to the weight value. The logarithmic transform circuit applies an intermediate voltage, to the memristor, that is obtained by logarithmically transforming an input voltage according to the input value in accordance with a logarithmic transform function obtained by multiplying a natural logarithm function by a preset coefficient. The current-voltage converter circuit outputs an output voltage obtained by performing current-voltage conversion of current flowing through the memristor according to a preset linear function, as a multiplicative value. | 1. An arithmetic apparatus that outputs a multiplicative value obtained by multiplying a weight value by an input value, the apparatus comprising:
a memristor as a device that is capable of changing a voltage-current characteristic, and is preset to a voltage-current characteristic according to the weight value; a logarithmic transform circuit that applies an intermediate voltage, to the memristor, that is obtained by logarithmically transforming an input voltage according to the input value in accordance with a logarithmic transform function obtained by multiplying a natural logarithm function by a preset coefficient; and a current-voltage converter circuit that outputs an output voltage, as a multiplicative value, obtained by performing current-voltage conversion of current flowing through the memristor according to a preset linear function. 2. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the coefficient is an inverse of a device parameter multiplied by a variable expressing voltage included in a natural exponential function fitted to the voltage-current characteristic in a fitting region that is a partial region on a high voltage side within a read voltage range of the memristor. 3. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the fitting region is the region where device parameters included in the fitted natural exponential function are constant regardless of a change in the voltage-current characteristic within the read voltage range. 4. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the memristor is a tunneling device that passes electrical charges or positive holes by way of a tunneling effect. 5. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the memristor is a ferroelectric tunnel junction device having material including a ferroelectric substance as a tunnel insulator film. 6. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the memristor changes the current-voltage characteristic when a voltage equal to or higher than a threshold voltage is applied, the memristor does not change the current-voltage characteristic when a voltage lower than the threshold voltage is applied, and the read voltage range is a voltage range lower than the threshold voltage. 7. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the memristor is preset to a voltage-current characteristic for flowing current corresponding to a value obtained by multiplying the weight value by the predetermined value when a voltage corresponding to a predetermined value is applied. 8. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
when the input voltage is set as Vx, the intermediate voltage is set as Vw, the coefficient is set as 1/b, and k is set as a constant, the logarithmic transform function is expressed by Vw=(1/b)×ln (k×Vx), when the current through the memristor is set as I, the voltage across the memristor is expressed as V, and when the Euler number is set as e, the natural exponential function is expressed by I=a×e(b×v), and a conductance parameter a expressing a slope of the voltage-current characteristic in the natural exponential function and the device parameter b are extracted, by fitting the natural exponential function to the voltage-current characteristic in the fitting region. 9. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a setter that receives the weight value prior to the arithmetic operation, specifies the conductance parameter corresponding to the weight value based on corresponding information expressing a corresponding relation between the weight value and the conductance parameter, and changes a state of the memristor so as to have a voltage-current characteristic corresponding to the specified conductance parameter. 10. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the logarithmic transform circuit comprises:
a first operational amplifier with a non-inverting input terminal that is connected to reference potential; an input resistor connected between the input terminal to which the input voltage is applied, and an inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier; a diode with an anode connected to the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier, and a cathode connected to an output terminal of the first operational amplifier; and a first inverting amplifier circuit that applies the voltage output from the first operational amplifier as a linearly inverted and amplified voltage to the input terminal of the memristor as the intermediate voltage. 11. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the current-voltage converter circuit comprises:
a second operational amplifier with a non-inverting input terminal connected to reference potential, and an inverting input terminal connected to the output terminal of the memristor; a feedback resistor that is connected between the inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier and an output terminal of the second operational amplifier; and a second inverting amplifier circuit that linearly inverts and amplifies the voltage output from the second operational amplifier, and outputs the linearly inverted and amplified voltage as the output voltage. 12. An arithmetic apparatus that outputs a multiply-accumulate value obtained by multiplying and accumulating a plurality of weight values and a plurality of input values, the apparatus comprising:
a plurality of memristors provided to correspond to the weight values; a plurality of logarithmic transform circuits provided to correspond to the input values; and a current-voltage converter circuit, wherein each of the memristors is a device that is capable of changing a voltage-current characteristic and is preset to a voltage-current characteristic according to a weight value among the weight values, each of the logarithmic transform circuits applies an intermediate voltage that is obtained by logarithmically transforming an input voltage according to a corresponding input value among the input values to a single corresponding memristor among the memristors, in accordance with a logarithmic transform function obtained by multiplying a natural logarithm function by a preset coefficient, and the current-voltage converter circuit outputs an output voltage as a multiply-accumulate value that is obtained by performing current-voltage conversion of total current that is obtained by accumulating currents flowing through the memristors according to a preset linear function. 13. An arithmetic apparatus that outputs m output values by performing a matrix arithmetic operation on m×n weight values arranged in matrix of m rows×n columns, and n input values, m being one or more integers, n being one or more integers, the apparatus comprising:
n column-lines positioned corresponding to n columns;
m row-lines positioned corresponding to m rows;
m×n memristors provided corresponding to the m rows×n columns;
n logarithmic transform circuits that are provided corresponding to n columns; and
m current-voltage converter circuits that are provided corresponding to m rows, wherein
each of the m×n memristors is a device that is capable of changing a voltage-current characteristic, and is preset to a voltage-current characteristic corresponding to a weight value at a matrix position among the m×n weight values, and
an input terminal of the memristor is connected to the column-line on the corresponding column among the n column-lines, and an output terminal of the memristor is connected to the row-line on the corresponding row among the m row-lines,
each of the n logarithmic transform circuits applies an intermediate voltage that is obtained by logarithmically transforming an input voltage according to a corresponding input value among n input values, to m memristors connected to a corresponding column-line among the n column lines, in accordance with a logarithmic transform function obtained by multiplying a natural logarithm function by a preset coefficient, and
each of the m current-voltage converter circuits outputs an output voltage, as a corresponding output value among the m output values, that is obtained by performing current-voltage conversion of total current flowing through the n memristors connected to a corresponding row line among m row lines, according to a preset linear function. 14. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 13, wherein each of the m×n memristors causes the current to flow in a forward direction from the input terminal to the output terminal, and has a self-rectifying function that prevents current from flowing in a reverse direction. | An arithmetic apparatus according to an embodiment outputs a multiplicative value obtained by multiplying a weight value and an input value. The arithmetic apparatus includes a memristor, a logarithmic transform circuit, and a current-voltage converter circuit. The memristor is a device capable of changing voltage-current characteristic, and the memristor is preset to voltage-current characteristic according to the weight value. The logarithmic transform circuit applies an intermediate voltage, to the memristor, that is obtained by logarithmically transforming an input voltage according to the input value in accordance with a logarithmic transform function obtained by multiplying a natural logarithm function by a preset coefficient. The current-voltage converter circuit outputs an output voltage obtained by performing current-voltage conversion of current flowing through the memristor according to a preset linear function, as a multiplicative value.1. An arithmetic apparatus that outputs a multiplicative value obtained by multiplying a weight value by an input value, the apparatus comprising:
a memristor as a device that is capable of changing a voltage-current characteristic, and is preset to a voltage-current characteristic according to the weight value; a logarithmic transform circuit that applies an intermediate voltage, to the memristor, that is obtained by logarithmically transforming an input voltage according to the input value in accordance with a logarithmic transform function obtained by multiplying a natural logarithm function by a preset coefficient; and a current-voltage converter circuit that outputs an output voltage, as a multiplicative value, obtained by performing current-voltage conversion of current flowing through the memristor according to a preset linear function. 2. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the coefficient is an inverse of a device parameter multiplied by a variable expressing voltage included in a natural exponential function fitted to the voltage-current characteristic in a fitting region that is a partial region on a high voltage side within a read voltage range of the memristor. 3. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the fitting region is the region where device parameters included in the fitted natural exponential function are constant regardless of a change in the voltage-current characteristic within the read voltage range. 4. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the memristor is a tunneling device that passes electrical charges or positive holes by way of a tunneling effect. 5. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the memristor is a ferroelectric tunnel junction device having material including a ferroelectric substance as a tunnel insulator film. 6. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the memristor changes the current-voltage characteristic when a voltage equal to or higher than a threshold voltage is applied, the memristor does not change the current-voltage characteristic when a voltage lower than the threshold voltage is applied, and the read voltage range is a voltage range lower than the threshold voltage. 7. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the memristor is preset to a voltage-current characteristic for flowing current corresponding to a value obtained by multiplying the weight value by the predetermined value when a voltage corresponding to a predetermined value is applied. 8. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
when the input voltage is set as Vx, the intermediate voltage is set as Vw, the coefficient is set as 1/b, and k is set as a constant, the logarithmic transform function is expressed by Vw=(1/b)×ln (k×Vx), when the current through the memristor is set as I, the voltage across the memristor is expressed as V, and when the Euler number is set as e, the natural exponential function is expressed by I=a×e(b×v), and a conductance parameter a expressing a slope of the voltage-current characteristic in the natural exponential function and the device parameter b are extracted, by fitting the natural exponential function to the voltage-current characteristic in the fitting region. 9. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a setter that receives the weight value prior to the arithmetic operation, specifies the conductance parameter corresponding to the weight value based on corresponding information expressing a corresponding relation between the weight value and the conductance parameter, and changes a state of the memristor so as to have a voltage-current characteristic corresponding to the specified conductance parameter. 10. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the logarithmic transform circuit comprises:
a first operational amplifier with a non-inverting input terminal that is connected to reference potential; an input resistor connected between the input terminal to which the input voltage is applied, and an inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier; a diode with an anode connected to the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier, and a cathode connected to an output terminal of the first operational amplifier; and a first inverting amplifier circuit that applies the voltage output from the first operational amplifier as a linearly inverted and amplified voltage to the input terminal of the memristor as the intermediate voltage. 11. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the current-voltage converter circuit comprises:
a second operational amplifier with a non-inverting input terminal connected to reference potential, and an inverting input terminal connected to the output terminal of the memristor; a feedback resistor that is connected between the inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier and an output terminal of the second operational amplifier; and a second inverting amplifier circuit that linearly inverts and amplifies the voltage output from the second operational amplifier, and outputs the linearly inverted and amplified voltage as the output voltage. 12. An arithmetic apparatus that outputs a multiply-accumulate value obtained by multiplying and accumulating a plurality of weight values and a plurality of input values, the apparatus comprising:
a plurality of memristors provided to correspond to the weight values; a plurality of logarithmic transform circuits provided to correspond to the input values; and a current-voltage converter circuit, wherein each of the memristors is a device that is capable of changing a voltage-current characteristic and is preset to a voltage-current characteristic according to a weight value among the weight values, each of the logarithmic transform circuits applies an intermediate voltage that is obtained by logarithmically transforming an input voltage according to a corresponding input value among the input values to a single corresponding memristor among the memristors, in accordance with a logarithmic transform function obtained by multiplying a natural logarithm function by a preset coefficient, and the current-voltage converter circuit outputs an output voltage as a multiply-accumulate value that is obtained by performing current-voltage conversion of total current that is obtained by accumulating currents flowing through the memristors according to a preset linear function. 13. An arithmetic apparatus that outputs m output values by performing a matrix arithmetic operation on m×n weight values arranged in matrix of m rows×n columns, and n input values, m being one or more integers, n being one or more integers, the apparatus comprising:
n column-lines positioned corresponding to n columns;
m row-lines positioned corresponding to m rows;
m×n memristors provided corresponding to the m rows×n columns;
n logarithmic transform circuits that are provided corresponding to n columns; and
m current-voltage converter circuits that are provided corresponding to m rows, wherein
each of the m×n memristors is a device that is capable of changing a voltage-current characteristic, and is preset to a voltage-current characteristic corresponding to a weight value at a matrix position among the m×n weight values, and
an input terminal of the memristor is connected to the column-line on the corresponding column among the n column-lines, and an output terminal of the memristor is connected to the row-line on the corresponding row among the m row-lines,
each of the n logarithmic transform circuits applies an intermediate voltage that is obtained by logarithmically transforming an input voltage according to a corresponding input value among n input values, to m memristors connected to a corresponding column-line among the n column lines, in accordance with a logarithmic transform function obtained by multiplying a natural logarithm function by a preset coefficient, and
each of the m current-voltage converter circuits outputs an output voltage, as a corresponding output value among the m output values, that is obtained by performing current-voltage conversion of total current flowing through the n memristors connected to a corresponding row line among m row lines, according to a preset linear function. 14. The arithmetic apparatus according to claim 13, wherein each of the m×n memristors causes the current to flow in a forward direction from the input terminal to the output terminal, and has a self-rectifying function that prevents current from flowing in a reverse direction. | 3,600 |
340,987 | 16,801,222 | 3,665 | wherein R1 and R2 are a C1-3 alkylene group, and RF1 and RF2 are a C1-3 perfluoroalkylene group. | 1. A method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing compound, which comprises:
reacting a compound represented by the following formula 1 with a sulfonating agent to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 2, reacting the compound represented by the following formula 2 with a chlorinating agent to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 3, reacting the compound represented by the following formula 3 with a fluorinating agent to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 4, and subjecting the compound represented by the following formula 4 to fluorination treatment to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 5: 2. A method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer, which comprises:
obtaining the compound represented by the formula 5 by the method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing compound as defined in claim 1, and reacting the compound represented by the formula 5 with a perfluoroallylating agent to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 7: 3. A method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer, which comprises:
obtaining the compound represented by the formula 5 by the method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing compound as defined in claim 1, adding 2 moles of hexafluoropropylene oxide to 1 mole of the compound represented by the formula 5 in the presence of a metal fluoride to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 8a, and thermally decomposing the compound represented by the following formula 8a to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 9a: 4. A method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer, which comprises
obtaining the compound represented by the formula 5 by the method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing compound as defined in claim 1, adding 1 mole of hexafluoropropylene oxide to 1 mole of the compound represented by the formula 5 in the presence of a metal fluoride to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 8b, and thermally decomposing the compound represented by the following formula 8b to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 10: 5. A method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer, which comprises reacting a compound represented by the following formula 5 with a perfluoroallylating agent to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 7: 6. A method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer, which comprises adding 2 moles of hexafluoropropylene oxide to 1 mole of a compound represented by the following formula 5 in the presence of a metal fluoride to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 8a, and thermally decomposing the compound represented by the following formula 8a to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 9a: 7. A method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer, which comprises adding 1 mole of hexafluoropropylene oxide to 1 mole of a compound represented by the following formula 5 in the presence of a metal fluoride to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 8b, and thermally decomposing the compound represented by the following formula 8b to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 10: 8. A fluorosulfonyl group-containing compound, which is a compound represented by the following formula 4: 9. A fluorosulfonyl group-containing compound, which is either one or both of a compound represented by the following formula 5 and a compound represented by the following formula 5′: 10. A fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer, which is a compound represented by the following formula 7: 11. A fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer, which is a compound represented by the following formula 9a: 12. A fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer, which is a compound represented by the following formula 10: | wherein R1 and R2 are a C1-3 alkylene group, and RF1 and RF2 are a C1-3 perfluoroalkylene group.1. A method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing compound, which comprises:
reacting a compound represented by the following formula 1 with a sulfonating agent to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 2, reacting the compound represented by the following formula 2 with a chlorinating agent to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 3, reacting the compound represented by the following formula 3 with a fluorinating agent to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 4, and subjecting the compound represented by the following formula 4 to fluorination treatment to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 5: 2. A method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer, which comprises:
obtaining the compound represented by the formula 5 by the method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing compound as defined in claim 1, and reacting the compound represented by the formula 5 with a perfluoroallylating agent to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 7: 3. A method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer, which comprises:
obtaining the compound represented by the formula 5 by the method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing compound as defined in claim 1, adding 2 moles of hexafluoropropylene oxide to 1 mole of the compound represented by the formula 5 in the presence of a metal fluoride to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 8a, and thermally decomposing the compound represented by the following formula 8a to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 9a: 4. A method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer, which comprises
obtaining the compound represented by the formula 5 by the method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing compound as defined in claim 1, adding 1 mole of hexafluoropropylene oxide to 1 mole of the compound represented by the formula 5 in the presence of a metal fluoride to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 8b, and thermally decomposing the compound represented by the following formula 8b to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 10: 5. A method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer, which comprises reacting a compound represented by the following formula 5 with a perfluoroallylating agent to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 7: 6. A method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer, which comprises adding 2 moles of hexafluoropropylene oxide to 1 mole of a compound represented by the following formula 5 in the presence of a metal fluoride to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 8a, and thermally decomposing the compound represented by the following formula 8a to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 9a: 7. A method for producing a fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer, which comprises adding 1 mole of hexafluoropropylene oxide to 1 mole of a compound represented by the following formula 5 in the presence of a metal fluoride to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 8b, and thermally decomposing the compound represented by the following formula 8b to obtain a compound represented by the following formula 10: 8. A fluorosulfonyl group-containing compound, which is a compound represented by the following formula 4: 9. A fluorosulfonyl group-containing compound, which is either one or both of a compound represented by the following formula 5 and a compound represented by the following formula 5′: 10. A fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer, which is a compound represented by the following formula 7: 11. A fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer, which is a compound represented by the following formula 9a: 12. A fluorosulfonyl group-containing monomer, which is a compound represented by the following formula 10: | 3,600 |
340,988 | 16,801,245 | 3,665 | An electrical connector assembly includes a connector housing defining a cavity in which an electrical busbar is disposed. The connector housing defines an opening to the cavity. The electrical connector assembly also includes a cover configured to enclose the cavity. The cover has an inlet port, an outlet port, and a coolant channel that is in fluidic communication with the inlet port and the outlet port. A portion of the cover is in intimate thermal contact with the electrical busbar. | 1.-19. (canceled) 20. An electrical connector assembly, comprising:
a connector housing defining a cavity in which an electrical busbar is disposed, wherein the connector housing defines an opening to the cavity; and a cover attached to the connector housing and configured to cool the busbar, arranged proximate the busbar to extract heat from the busbar. 21. The electrical connector assembly of claim 21, wherein the cover includes a coolant channel in fluidic communication with an inlet port and an outlet port and wherein a portion of the cover is in thermal contact with the electrical busbar. 22. The electrical connector assembly of claim 21, wherein the portion of the cover in intimate thermal contact with the electrical busbar and forms a cooling plate configured to cool the busbar. 23. The electrical connector assembly of claim 21, wherein a wire cable is attached to the busbar opposite the portion of the cover in thermal contact with the electrical busbar 24. The electrical connector assembly of claim 21, wherein the portion of the cover is in thermal contact with the electrical busbar along an entirely of a lower surface of the cover. 25. The electrical connector assembly of claim 21, wherein the cover comprises a plurality of fins extending into the coolant channel which divides the coolant channel into a plurality of coolant channels that are in fluidic communication with the inlet port and the outlet port. 26. The electrical connector assembly of claim 25, wherein the plurality of fins extend continuously through the coolant channel. 27. The electrical connector assembly of claim 21, wherein the assembly includes a pair of electrical busbars and wherein the cover has a dielectric thermal interface material layer which in intimate thermal contact with the pair of electrical busbars, thereby electrically isolating the pair of electrical busbars from one another. 28. The electrical connector assembly of claim 27, wherein the cover has an additional dielectric material layer between the dielectric thermal interface material layer and the pair of electrical busbars, thereby electrically isolating the pair of electrical busbars from one another. 29. The electrical connector assembly of claim 21, wherein the cover includes a primary seal disposed between a first cover portion defining the inlet port and the outlet port and a second cover portion that is in intimate thermal contact with the electrical busbar. 30. The electrical connector assembly of claim 29, wherein the assembly further includes a secondary seal disposed between the cover and the connector housing. 31. The electrical connector assembly of claim 29, wherein the first cover portion is formed of a polymeric material and the second cover portion is formed of a metallic material. 32. The electrical connector assembly according to claim 21, wherein the inlet port and the outlet port are interconnected to a liquid cooling system of an electrically propelled vehicle. 33. A cover assembly configured to enclose an opening to a cavity of a connector housing in which an electrical busbar is disposed within the cavity, the cover assembly comprising:
an inlet port; an outlet port; and a coolant channel in fluidic communication with the inlet port and the outlet port, wherein the cover assembly is configured to be in thermal communication with the electrical busbar. 34. The cover assembly of claim 33, wherein the cover assembly comprises a plurality of fins extending into the coolant channel which define a plurality of coolant channels in fluidic communication with the inlet port and the outlet port. 35. The cover assembly of claim 33, wherein the cover has a dielectric thermal interface material layer which is configured to be in thermal communication with the electrical busbar and an additional dielectric material layer configured to be located between the dielectric thermal interface material layer and the electrical busbar. 36. The cover assembly of claim 33, further comprising:
a primary seal disposed between a first cover portion defining the inlet port and the outlet port and a second cover portion in intimate thermal contact with the electrical busbar; and a secondary seal configured to be disposed between the second cover portion and the connector housing. 37. The cover assembly of claim 36, wherein the first cover portion is formed of a polymeric material and the second cover portion is formed of a metallic material. 38. An electrical connector assembly, comprising:
a printed circuit board having an electrical temperature sensor disposed thereon; a terminal disposed within an aperture extending through the printed circuit board; and a thermally conductive spring attached to the printed circuit board in a location proximate the electrical temperature sensor. 39. The electrical connector assembly according to claim 38, further comprising:
a thermally conductive material covering a portion of the spring attached to the printed circuit board and the electrical temperature sensor. 40. The electrical connector assembly according to claim 38, wherein the electrical temperature sensor is a surface mounted thermistor. 41. An electrical connector assembly, comprising:
a connector housing defining a cavity in which an electrical busbar is disposed, wherein the connector housing defines an opening to the cavity; means for enclosing the cavity; and means for cooling the electrical busbar through intimate thermal contact with the electrical busbar. 42. The electrical connector assembly according to claim 41, wherein the means for enclosing the cavity and the means for cooling the electrical busbar includes a cover attached to the connector housing and configured to cool the busbar, wherein the cover is selected from a plurality of cover designs configured to actively or passively cool the busbar. | An electrical connector assembly includes a connector housing defining a cavity in which an electrical busbar is disposed. The connector housing defines an opening to the cavity. The electrical connector assembly also includes a cover configured to enclose the cavity. The cover has an inlet port, an outlet port, and a coolant channel that is in fluidic communication with the inlet port and the outlet port. A portion of the cover is in intimate thermal contact with the electrical busbar.1.-19. (canceled) 20. An electrical connector assembly, comprising:
a connector housing defining a cavity in which an electrical busbar is disposed, wherein the connector housing defines an opening to the cavity; and a cover attached to the connector housing and configured to cool the busbar, arranged proximate the busbar to extract heat from the busbar. 21. The electrical connector assembly of claim 21, wherein the cover includes a coolant channel in fluidic communication with an inlet port and an outlet port and wherein a portion of the cover is in thermal contact with the electrical busbar. 22. The electrical connector assembly of claim 21, wherein the portion of the cover in intimate thermal contact with the electrical busbar and forms a cooling plate configured to cool the busbar. 23. The electrical connector assembly of claim 21, wherein a wire cable is attached to the busbar opposite the portion of the cover in thermal contact with the electrical busbar 24. The electrical connector assembly of claim 21, wherein the portion of the cover is in thermal contact with the electrical busbar along an entirely of a lower surface of the cover. 25. The electrical connector assembly of claim 21, wherein the cover comprises a plurality of fins extending into the coolant channel which divides the coolant channel into a plurality of coolant channels that are in fluidic communication with the inlet port and the outlet port. 26. The electrical connector assembly of claim 25, wherein the plurality of fins extend continuously through the coolant channel. 27. The electrical connector assembly of claim 21, wherein the assembly includes a pair of electrical busbars and wherein the cover has a dielectric thermal interface material layer which in intimate thermal contact with the pair of electrical busbars, thereby electrically isolating the pair of electrical busbars from one another. 28. The electrical connector assembly of claim 27, wherein the cover has an additional dielectric material layer between the dielectric thermal interface material layer and the pair of electrical busbars, thereby electrically isolating the pair of electrical busbars from one another. 29. The electrical connector assembly of claim 21, wherein the cover includes a primary seal disposed between a first cover portion defining the inlet port and the outlet port and a second cover portion that is in intimate thermal contact with the electrical busbar. 30. The electrical connector assembly of claim 29, wherein the assembly further includes a secondary seal disposed between the cover and the connector housing. 31. The electrical connector assembly of claim 29, wherein the first cover portion is formed of a polymeric material and the second cover portion is formed of a metallic material. 32. The electrical connector assembly according to claim 21, wherein the inlet port and the outlet port are interconnected to a liquid cooling system of an electrically propelled vehicle. 33. A cover assembly configured to enclose an opening to a cavity of a connector housing in which an electrical busbar is disposed within the cavity, the cover assembly comprising:
an inlet port; an outlet port; and a coolant channel in fluidic communication with the inlet port and the outlet port, wherein the cover assembly is configured to be in thermal communication with the electrical busbar. 34. The cover assembly of claim 33, wherein the cover assembly comprises a plurality of fins extending into the coolant channel which define a plurality of coolant channels in fluidic communication with the inlet port and the outlet port. 35. The cover assembly of claim 33, wherein the cover has a dielectric thermal interface material layer which is configured to be in thermal communication with the electrical busbar and an additional dielectric material layer configured to be located between the dielectric thermal interface material layer and the electrical busbar. 36. The cover assembly of claim 33, further comprising:
a primary seal disposed between a first cover portion defining the inlet port and the outlet port and a second cover portion in intimate thermal contact with the electrical busbar; and a secondary seal configured to be disposed between the second cover portion and the connector housing. 37. The cover assembly of claim 36, wherein the first cover portion is formed of a polymeric material and the second cover portion is formed of a metallic material. 38. An electrical connector assembly, comprising:
a printed circuit board having an electrical temperature sensor disposed thereon; a terminal disposed within an aperture extending through the printed circuit board; and a thermally conductive spring attached to the printed circuit board in a location proximate the electrical temperature sensor. 39. The electrical connector assembly according to claim 38, further comprising:
a thermally conductive material covering a portion of the spring attached to the printed circuit board and the electrical temperature sensor. 40. The electrical connector assembly according to claim 38, wherein the electrical temperature sensor is a surface mounted thermistor. 41. An electrical connector assembly, comprising:
a connector housing defining a cavity in which an electrical busbar is disposed, wherein the connector housing defines an opening to the cavity; means for enclosing the cavity; and means for cooling the electrical busbar through intimate thermal contact with the electrical busbar. 42. The electrical connector assembly according to claim 41, wherein the means for enclosing the cavity and the means for cooling the electrical busbar includes a cover attached to the connector housing and configured to cool the busbar, wherein the cover is selected from a plurality of cover designs configured to actively or passively cool the busbar. | 3,600 |
340,989 | 16,801,227 | 3,665 | Disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the peptide of SEQ ID No. 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or counterion thereof, methods of preparing such pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of treating diabetes and diabetes-related disorders with such pharmaceutical compositions. | 1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
1) about 0.1%-56% by weight of the peptide of SEQ ID NO. 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or counterion thereof, and 2) about 9.6%-99.7% by weight of an anti-microbial agent; before constitution with a solvent, a custom solvent, or a custom diluent. 2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 comprising:
1) about 0.1%-56% by weight of the peptide of SEQ ID NO. 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or counterion thereof;
2) about 9.6%-99.7% by weight of an anti-microbial agent,
3) about 0.1%-46% by weight of a buffer;
4) about 0.1%-38% by weight of an anti-oxidant; and
5) about 14%-88% by weight of a tonicity agent;
before constitution with a solvent, or a custom solvent. 3. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 wherein the anti-microbial agent is selected from:
1) phenoxyethanol,
2) phenol,
3) m-cresol,
4) benzyl alcohol, and
5) benzalkonium chloride,
or a combination of two or more thereof; 4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2 wherein the anti-microbial agent is selected from:
1) phenoxyethanol,
2) phenol,
3) m-cresol,
4) benzyl alcohol, and
5) benzalkonium chloride,
or a combination of two or more thereof,
the buffer is selected from:
1) sodium phosphate and dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate,
2) tri(hydroxymethdyl)aminomethane (TRIS or THAM), and
3) L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is selected from:
1) propylene glycol,
2) mannitol,
3) glycerol, and
4) sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is selected from:
1) L-methionine,
2) ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof, and
3) a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 wherein the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol. 6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2 wherein
the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol;
the buffer is L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is selected from:
1) propylene glycol, and
2) sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is selected from:
1) L-methionine,
2) ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof, and
3) a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2 wherein
the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol;
the buffer is L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 wherein the pharmaceutical composition is constituted with a solvent, a custom solvent or a custom diluent. 9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2 wherein the pharmaceutical composition is constituted with a solvent, or a custom solvent. 10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2 comprising:
1) about 0.6%-24%by weight of the peptide of SEQ ID No. 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or counterion thereof;
2) about 10.2%-98.8 by weight of an anti-microbial agent;
3) about 1.2%-43% by weight of a buffer;
4) about 0.1% -21% by weight of an anti-oxidant; and
5) about 34%-79% by weight of a tonicity agent,
before constitution with a solvent, or a custom solvent. 11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 10 wherein the anti-microbial agent is selected from:
1) phenoxyethanol,
2) phenol,
3) m-cresol,
4) benzyl alcohol, and
5) benzalkonium chloride,
or a combination of two or more thereof;
the buffer is selected from:
1) sodium phosphate and dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate,
2) tri(hydroxymethdyl)aminomethane (TRIS or THAM), and
3) L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is selected from:
1) propylene glycol,
2) mannitol,
3) glycerol and
4) sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is selected from:
1) L-methionine,
2) ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof, and
3) a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 10 wherein the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol. 13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 10 wherein
the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol;
the buffer is L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is selected from:
1) propylene glycol, and
2) sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is selected from:
1) L-methionine,
2) ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof, and
3) a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 10 wherein
the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol;
the buffer is L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 10 additionally comprising water. 16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2 comprising:
1) about 1.3%-17% by weight of the peptide of SEQ ID No. 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or counterion thereof;
2) about 22%-94% by weight of an anti-microbial agent;
3) about 5.6%-36% by weight of a buffer;
4) about 1.5-11% by weight of an anti-oxidant; and
5) about 42%-72% by weight of a tonicity agent,
before constitution with a solvent, or a custom solvent. 17. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 16 wherein the anti-microbial agent is selected from:
1) phenoxy ethanol,
2) phenol,
3) m-cresol,
4) benzyl alcohol, and
5) benzalkonium chloride, or a combination of two or more thereof;
the buffer is selected from:
1) sodium phosphate and dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate,
2) tri(hydroxymethdyl)aminomethane (TRIS or THAM), and
3) L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is selected from:
1) propylene glycol,
2) mannitol,
3) glycerol, and 4) sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is selected from:
1) L-methionine,
2) ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof, and
3) a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 18. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 16 wherein the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol. 19. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 16 wherein
the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol;
the buffer is L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is selected from:
1) propylene glycol, and
2) sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is selected from:
1) L-methionine,
2) ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof, and
3) a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 20. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 16 wherein
the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol;
the buffer is L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 21. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 16 additionally comprising water. 22. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2 comprising:
1) about 2%-4% by weight of the peptide of SEQ ID No. 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or counterion thereof;
2) about 28%-32% by weight of benzyl alcohol;
3) about 12%-14% by weight of L-histidine;
4) about 48%-52% by weight of sucrose;
5) about 2%-3% by weight of L-methionine; and
6) about 0.01%-0.5% by weight of ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof,
before constitution with a solvent, or a custom solvent. 23. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 16 additionally comprising water. 24. A method of treating diabetes, a diabetes related disorder, obesity or an obesity related disorder, in a human in need thereof comprising administering to the human a pharmaceutical composition of claim 1. 25-50 (canceled) 51. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
1) about 0.01%-1% by weight of the peptide of SEQ ID NO. 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or counterion thereof; and 2) about 0.8% -3% by weight of an anti-microbial agent, after constitution with a solvent, a custom solvent, or a custom diluent. 52. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 51 comprising:
1) about 0.01%-1% by weight of the peptide of SEQ ID NO. 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or counterion thereof;
2) about 0.8% -3% by weight of an anti-microbial agent;
3) about 0.01%-1.5% by weight of a buffer;
4) about 0.05%-0.5% by weight of an anti-oxidant; and
5) about 1%-6% by weight of a tonicity agent;
after constitution with a solvent, or a custom solvent. 53. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 51 wherein the anti-microbial agent is selected from:
1) phenoxyethanol,
2) phenol,
3) m-cresol,
4) benzyl alcohol, and
5) benzalkonium chloride,
or a combination of two or more thereof; 54. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 52 wherein the anti-microbial agent is selected from:
1) phenoxyethanol,
2) phenol,
3) m-cresol,
4) benzyl alcohol, and
5) benzalkonium chloride,
or a combination of two or more thereof;
the buffer is selected from:
1) sodium phosphate and dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate,
2) tri(hydroxymethdyl)aminomethane (TRIS or THAM), and
3) L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is selected from:
1) propylene glycol,
2) mannitol,
3) glycerol and
4) sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is selected from:
1) L-methionine,
2) ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof, and
3) a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 55. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 51 wherein the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol. 56. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 52 wherein
the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol;
the buffer is L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is selected from:
1) propylene glycol, and
2) sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is selected from:
1) L-methionine,
2) ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof, and
3) a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 57. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 52 wherein
the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol;
the buffer is L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 58. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 51 wherein the solvent is water. 59. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 52 wherein the solvent is water. 60. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 52 comprising:
1) about 0.05%-0.4% by weight of the peptide of SEQ ID No. 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or counterion thereof;
2) about 1.3%-2.5% by weight of an anti-microbial agent;
3) about 0.1%-10.9% by weight of a buffer;
4) about 0.15%-0.3% by weight of an anti-oxidant; and
5) about 2%-5% by weight of a tonicity agent,
after constitution with a solvent, or a custom solvent. 61. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 60 wherein the anti-microbial agent is selected from:
1) phenoxyethanol,
2) phenol,
3) m-cresol,
4) benzyl alcohol, and
5) benzalkonium chloride,
or a combination of two or more thereof;
the buffer is selected from:
1) sodium phosphate and dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate,
2) tri(hydroxymethdyl)aminomethane (TRIS or THAM), and
3) L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is selected from:
1) propylene glycol,
2) mannitol,
3) glycerol and
4) sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is selected from:
1) L-methionine,
2) ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof, and
3) a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 62. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 60 wherein the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol. 63. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 60 wherein
the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol;
the buffer is L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is selected from:
1) propylene glycol, and
2) sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is selected from:
1) L-methionine,
2) ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof, and
3) a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 64. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 60 wherein
the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol;
the buffer is L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 65. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 60 wherein the solvent is water. 66-71 (canceled) 72. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 52 comprising:
1) about 0.01%-2% by weight of the peptide of SEQ ID No. 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or counterion thereof;
2) about 1%-3% by weight of benzyl alcohol;
3) about 0.5%-1% by weight of L-histidine;
4) about 2%-4% by weight of sucrose;
5) about 0.01%-0.3% by weight of L-methionine; and
6) about 0.01%-0.3% by weight of ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof,
after constitution with a solvent, or a custom solvent. 73. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 72 wherein the solvent is water. 74-75 (canceled) | Disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the peptide of SEQ ID No. 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or counterion thereof, methods of preparing such pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of treating diabetes and diabetes-related disorders with such pharmaceutical compositions.1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
1) about 0.1%-56% by weight of the peptide of SEQ ID NO. 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or counterion thereof, and 2) about 9.6%-99.7% by weight of an anti-microbial agent; before constitution with a solvent, a custom solvent, or a custom diluent. 2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 comprising:
1) about 0.1%-56% by weight of the peptide of SEQ ID NO. 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or counterion thereof;
2) about 9.6%-99.7% by weight of an anti-microbial agent,
3) about 0.1%-46% by weight of a buffer;
4) about 0.1%-38% by weight of an anti-oxidant; and
5) about 14%-88% by weight of a tonicity agent;
before constitution with a solvent, or a custom solvent. 3. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 wherein the anti-microbial agent is selected from:
1) phenoxyethanol,
2) phenol,
3) m-cresol,
4) benzyl alcohol, and
5) benzalkonium chloride,
or a combination of two or more thereof; 4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2 wherein the anti-microbial agent is selected from:
1) phenoxyethanol,
2) phenol,
3) m-cresol,
4) benzyl alcohol, and
5) benzalkonium chloride,
or a combination of two or more thereof,
the buffer is selected from:
1) sodium phosphate and dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate,
2) tri(hydroxymethdyl)aminomethane (TRIS or THAM), and
3) L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is selected from:
1) propylene glycol,
2) mannitol,
3) glycerol, and
4) sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is selected from:
1) L-methionine,
2) ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof, and
3) a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 wherein the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol. 6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2 wherein
the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol;
the buffer is L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is selected from:
1) propylene glycol, and
2) sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is selected from:
1) L-methionine,
2) ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof, and
3) a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2 wherein
the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol;
the buffer is L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 wherein the pharmaceutical composition is constituted with a solvent, a custom solvent or a custom diluent. 9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2 wherein the pharmaceutical composition is constituted with a solvent, or a custom solvent. 10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2 comprising:
1) about 0.6%-24%by weight of the peptide of SEQ ID No. 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or counterion thereof;
2) about 10.2%-98.8 by weight of an anti-microbial agent;
3) about 1.2%-43% by weight of a buffer;
4) about 0.1% -21% by weight of an anti-oxidant; and
5) about 34%-79% by weight of a tonicity agent,
before constitution with a solvent, or a custom solvent. 11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 10 wherein the anti-microbial agent is selected from:
1) phenoxyethanol,
2) phenol,
3) m-cresol,
4) benzyl alcohol, and
5) benzalkonium chloride,
or a combination of two or more thereof;
the buffer is selected from:
1) sodium phosphate and dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate,
2) tri(hydroxymethdyl)aminomethane (TRIS or THAM), and
3) L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is selected from:
1) propylene glycol,
2) mannitol,
3) glycerol and
4) sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is selected from:
1) L-methionine,
2) ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof, and
3) a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 10 wherein the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol. 13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 10 wherein
the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol;
the buffer is L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is selected from:
1) propylene glycol, and
2) sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is selected from:
1) L-methionine,
2) ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof, and
3) a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 10 wherein
the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol;
the buffer is L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 10 additionally comprising water. 16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2 comprising:
1) about 1.3%-17% by weight of the peptide of SEQ ID No. 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or counterion thereof;
2) about 22%-94% by weight of an anti-microbial agent;
3) about 5.6%-36% by weight of a buffer;
4) about 1.5-11% by weight of an anti-oxidant; and
5) about 42%-72% by weight of a tonicity agent,
before constitution with a solvent, or a custom solvent. 17. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 16 wherein the anti-microbial agent is selected from:
1) phenoxy ethanol,
2) phenol,
3) m-cresol,
4) benzyl alcohol, and
5) benzalkonium chloride, or a combination of two or more thereof;
the buffer is selected from:
1) sodium phosphate and dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate,
2) tri(hydroxymethdyl)aminomethane (TRIS or THAM), and
3) L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is selected from:
1) propylene glycol,
2) mannitol,
3) glycerol, and 4) sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is selected from:
1) L-methionine,
2) ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof, and
3) a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 18. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 16 wherein the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol. 19. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 16 wherein
the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol;
the buffer is L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is selected from:
1) propylene glycol, and
2) sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is selected from:
1) L-methionine,
2) ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof, and
3) a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 20. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 16 wherein
the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol;
the buffer is L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 21. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 16 additionally comprising water. 22. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2 comprising:
1) about 2%-4% by weight of the peptide of SEQ ID No. 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or counterion thereof;
2) about 28%-32% by weight of benzyl alcohol;
3) about 12%-14% by weight of L-histidine;
4) about 48%-52% by weight of sucrose;
5) about 2%-3% by weight of L-methionine; and
6) about 0.01%-0.5% by weight of ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof,
before constitution with a solvent, or a custom solvent. 23. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 16 additionally comprising water. 24. A method of treating diabetes, a diabetes related disorder, obesity or an obesity related disorder, in a human in need thereof comprising administering to the human a pharmaceutical composition of claim 1. 25-50 (canceled) 51. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
1) about 0.01%-1% by weight of the peptide of SEQ ID NO. 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or counterion thereof; and 2) about 0.8% -3% by weight of an anti-microbial agent, after constitution with a solvent, a custom solvent, or a custom diluent. 52. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 51 comprising:
1) about 0.01%-1% by weight of the peptide of SEQ ID NO. 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or counterion thereof;
2) about 0.8% -3% by weight of an anti-microbial agent;
3) about 0.01%-1.5% by weight of a buffer;
4) about 0.05%-0.5% by weight of an anti-oxidant; and
5) about 1%-6% by weight of a tonicity agent;
after constitution with a solvent, or a custom solvent. 53. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 51 wherein the anti-microbial agent is selected from:
1) phenoxyethanol,
2) phenol,
3) m-cresol,
4) benzyl alcohol, and
5) benzalkonium chloride,
or a combination of two or more thereof; 54. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 52 wherein the anti-microbial agent is selected from:
1) phenoxyethanol,
2) phenol,
3) m-cresol,
4) benzyl alcohol, and
5) benzalkonium chloride,
or a combination of two or more thereof;
the buffer is selected from:
1) sodium phosphate and dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate,
2) tri(hydroxymethdyl)aminomethane (TRIS or THAM), and
3) L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is selected from:
1) propylene glycol,
2) mannitol,
3) glycerol and
4) sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is selected from:
1) L-methionine,
2) ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof, and
3) a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 55. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 51 wherein the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol. 56. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 52 wherein
the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol;
the buffer is L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is selected from:
1) propylene glycol, and
2) sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is selected from:
1) L-methionine,
2) ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof, and
3) a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 57. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 52 wherein
the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol;
the buffer is L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 58. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 51 wherein the solvent is water. 59. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 52 wherein the solvent is water. 60. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 52 comprising:
1) about 0.05%-0.4% by weight of the peptide of SEQ ID No. 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or counterion thereof;
2) about 1.3%-2.5% by weight of an anti-microbial agent;
3) about 0.1%-10.9% by weight of a buffer;
4) about 0.15%-0.3% by weight of an anti-oxidant; and
5) about 2%-5% by weight of a tonicity agent,
after constitution with a solvent, or a custom solvent. 61. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 60 wherein the anti-microbial agent is selected from:
1) phenoxyethanol,
2) phenol,
3) m-cresol,
4) benzyl alcohol, and
5) benzalkonium chloride,
or a combination of two or more thereof;
the buffer is selected from:
1) sodium phosphate and dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate,
2) tri(hydroxymethdyl)aminomethane (TRIS or THAM), and
3) L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is selected from:
1) propylene glycol,
2) mannitol,
3) glycerol and
4) sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is selected from:
1) L-methionine,
2) ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof, and
3) a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 62. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 60 wherein the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol. 63. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 60 wherein
the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol;
the buffer is L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is selected from:
1) propylene glycol, and
2) sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is selected from:
1) L-methionine,
2) ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid or a salt and/or hydrate thereof, and
3) a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 64. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 60 wherein
the anti-microbial agent is benzyl alcohol;
the buffer is L-histidine;
the tonicity agent is sucrose; and
the anti-oxidant is a combination of L-methionine and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof. 65. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 60 wherein the solvent is water. 66-71 (canceled) 72. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 52 comprising:
1) about 0.01%-2% by weight of the peptide of SEQ ID No. 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or counterion thereof;
2) about 1%-3% by weight of benzyl alcohol;
3) about 0.5%-1% by weight of L-histidine;
4) about 2%-4% by weight of sucrose;
5) about 0.01%-0.3% by weight of L-methionine; and
6) about 0.01%-0.3% by weight of ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid, or a salt and/or hydrate thereof,
after constitution with a solvent, or a custom solvent. 73. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 72 wherein the solvent is water. 74-75 (canceled) | 3,600 |
340,990 | 16,801,266 | 3,665 | A semiconductor device include a nonvolatile memory device, including a first well region formed in a substrate, a tunneling gate insulator formed on the first well region, a floating gate formed on the tunneling gate insulator, a control gate insulator formed on the substrate, a control gate formed on the control gate insulator, and a first source region and a first drain region formed on opposite sides of the control gate, respectively, and a first logic device, including a first logic well region formed in the substrate, a first logic gate insulator formed on the first logic well region, a first logic gate formed on the first logic gate insulator, wherein the first logic gate comprises substantially a same material as a material of the control gate of the nonvolatile memory device. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a nonvolatile memory device, comprising:
a first well region formed in a substrate,
a tunneling gate insulator formed on the first well region,
a floating gate formed on the tunneling gate insulator,
a control gate insulator formed on the substrate,
a control gate formed on the control gate insulator, and
a first source region and a first drain region formed on opposite sides of the control gate, respectively; and
a first logic device, comprising:
a first logic well region formed in the substrate,
a first logic gate insulator formed on the first logic well region,
a first logic gate formed on the first logic gate insulator, wherein the first logic gate comprises substantially a same material as a material of the control gate of the nonvolatile memory device, and
a first logic source region and a first logic drain region formed on opposite sides of the first logic gate, respectively,
wherein the first logic well region has a depth shallower with respect to the first logic gate than a depth of the first logic well region with respect to the first logic source region and the first logic drain region. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second logic device, comprising: a second logic well region formed in the substrate; a second logic gate insulator formed on the second logic well region; a second logic gate formed on the second logic gate insulator, wherein the second logic gate comprises substantially a same material as the material of the control gate of the nonvolatile memory device; and a second logic source region and a second logic drain region formed on opposite sides of the second logic gate, respectively, wherein the second logic well region has a depth shallower with respect to the second logic gate than a depth of the second logic well region with respect to the second logic source region and the second logic drain region. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the control gate insulator has a thickness greater than a thickness of the first logic insulator and greater than a thickness of the second logic gate insulator. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the nonvolatile memory device further comprises:
a hard mask pattern formed on the floating gate; a thick dielectric pattern formed between the floating gate and the control gate; control gate spacers formed on sidewalls of the control gate; and a first silicide layer formed on the control gate. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the nonvolatile memory device further comprises:
a deep well region formed below the first well region, wherein the deep well region has a depth greater than a depth of the first logic well region; and a lightly-doped drain (LDD) region formed in the first well region, wherein the LDD region has a depth greater than a depth of the first source region and greater than a depth of the first drain region. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the control gate has a height greater than a height of the first logic gate with respect to a top surface of the substrate. 7. A manufacturing method of a semiconductor device, the manufacturing method comprising:
forming a nonvolatile memory device, comprising:
forming a first well region in a substrate,
forming a tunneling gate insulator on the first well region,
forming a floating gate on the tunneling gate insulator,
forming a thick dielectric pattern formed on sidewalls of the floating gate,
forming a control gate insulator on the substrate,
forming a control gate on the control gate insulator, and
forming a first source region and a first drain region on opposite sides of the control gate, respectively; and
forming a first logic device, comprising:
forming a first logic gate insulator on the substrate,
forming a first logic gate on the first logic gate insulator, wherein the first logic gate and the control gate are formed in the same operation,
forming a first logic well region by performing a first ion implantation of dopants passing through the first logic gate into the substrate,
forming first logic gate spacers formed on sidewalls of the first logic gate, and
forming a first logic source region and a first logic drain region on opposite sides of the first logic gate, respectively,
wherein the first logic well region has a depth shallower below the first logic gate than a depth of the first logic well region with respect to the first logic source region and the first logic drain region. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the forming a nonvolatile memory device further comprises:
forming control gate spacers on sidewalls of the control gate; and forming a first silicide layer on the control gate. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the forming a nonvolatile memory device further comprises:
forming a deep well region in the substrate, wherein the deep well region has a depth greater than a depth of the first well region and greater than a depth of the first logic well region; and forming a lightly-doped drain (LDD) region in the first well region, wherein the LDD region has a depth greater than a depth of the first source region and greater than a depth of the first drain region. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the forming of a floating gate on the tunneling gate insulator comprises:
forming a first conductive film on the tunneling gate insulator; forming a first hard mask pattern on the first conductive film; and performing an etching of the first conductive film using the first hard mask pattern as a mask, thereby forming the floating gate on the tunneling gate insulator, wherein the first hard mask pattern remains on a top surface of the floating gate. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the forming a control gate on the control gate insulator comprises:
depositing a second conductive film on the control gate insulator and the floating gate; and patterning the second conductive film using an etch-back process, thereby forming the control gate on the control gate insulator and on sidewalls of the thick dielectric pattern, wherein no control gate is formed on a top surface of the floating gate. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the forming a control gate on the control gate insulator further comprises:
depositing a stacked layer on the second conductive film; patterning the stacked layer, thereby forming a stacked layer pattern on sidewalls of the second conductive film; removing the stacked layer pattern by wet etching using chemical etchants; and implanting dopants into the second conductive film. 13. The method of claim 7, wherein the forming the first logic gate on the first logic gate insulator comprises:
forming the logic gate insulator on the substrate; forming a second conductive film on the logic gate insulator; forming a second hard mask pattern on the second conductive film; and patterning the second conductive film, using the second hard mask pattern, to form the first logic gate on the first logic gate insulator. 14. The method of claim 7, wherein the control gate is formed to enclose the floating gate. 15. A manufacturing method of a semiconductor device, the manufacturing method comprising:
preparing a substrate comprising a cell region and a logic region, wherein a nonvolatile memory device is formed on the cell region and a logic device is formed on the logic region; forming a first well region in the cell region of the substrate; forming a tunneling gate insulator on the first well region; forming a first conductive film on the tunneling gate insulator; patterning the first conductive film, thereby forming a floating gate on the tunneling gate insulator; forming a thick dielectric pattern on sidewalls of the floating gate; forming a control gate insulator on the cell region; forming a first logic gate insulator on the logic region; forming a second conductive film on the logic gate insulator and the control gate insulator; patterning the second conductive film, thereby forming a control gate on the control gate insulator and forming a first logic gate on the first logic gate insulator, such that the first logic gate and the control gate are formed in the same operation; forming a first logic well region by performing a first ion implantation of dopants that pass through the first logic gate into the substrate; forming control gate spacers formed on each sidewall of the control gate and first logic gate spacers on each sidewall of the first logic gate; forming a first source region and a first drain region on opposite sides of the control gate, respectively; and forming a first logic source region and a first logic drain region on opposite sides of the first logic gate, respectively, wherein the first logic well region has a depth shallower below the first logic gate than a depth of the first logic well region with respect to the first logic source region and the first logic drain region. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the patterning the first conductive film comprises:
forming a first hard mask pattern on the first conductive film; and performing an etching of the first conductive film using the first hard mask pattern as a mask, thereby forming the floating gate on the tunneling gate insulator, wherein the first hard mask pattern remains on a top surface of the floating gate. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the patterning the second conductive film comprises:
forming a second hard mask pattern on the second conductive film on the logic region, wherein no second hard mask pattern is formed on the second conductive film on the cell region; and performing an etching process on the second conductive film using the second hard mask pattern as a mask, such that the first logic gate and the control gate are simultaneously formed on the logic region and the cell region, respectively. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
forming a deep well region formed in the substrate, wherein the deep well region encloses the first well region; and forming an LDD region formed in the first well region, wherein the LDD region encloses the first source region and the first drain region. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
forming a second logic well region by performing a second ion implantation of dopants passing through the second logic gate into the substrate; forming a second logic source region and a second logic drain region on opposite sides of the second logic gate, respectively; and wherein the second logic well region has a depth shallower below the second logic gate than a depth of the second logic well region with respect to the second logic source region and the second logic drain region. 20. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate having a cell region and a logic region, wherein a nonvolatile memory device is formed on the cell region and a logic device is formed on the logic region; a first well region formed in the cell region of the substrate; a tunneling gate insulator formed on the first well region; a first conductive film formed on the tunneling gate insulator; a floating gate formed on the tunneling gate insulator; a thick dielectric pattern formed on sidewalls of the floating gate; a control gate insulator formed on the cell region; a first logic gate insulator formed on the logic region; a second conductive film formed on the logic gate insulator and the control gate insulator; a control gate formed on the control gate insulator; a first logic gate formed on the first logic gate insulator; a first logic well region formed by performing a first ion implantation of dopants passing through the first logic gate into the substrate; control gate spacers formed on each sidewall of the control gate and first logic gate spacers formed on each sidewall of the first logic gate; a first source region and a first drain region formed on opposite sides of the control gate, respectively; and a first logic source region and a first logic drain region formed on opposite sides of the first logic gate, respectively. 21. The semiconductor device of claim 20, wherein the first logic well region has a depth shallower below the first logic gate than a depth of the first logic well region with respect to the first logic source region and the first logic drain region. 22. The semiconductor device of claim 20, wherein the first logic gate and the control gate are formed in the same operation. 23. The semiconductor device of claim 20, further comprising:
a deep well region formed in the substrate, wherein the deep well region encloses the first well region; and a lightly doped drain (LDD) region formed in the first well region, wherein the LDD region encloses the first source region and the first drain region. 24. The semiconductor device of claim 20, further comprising:
a second logic well region formed by performing a second ion implantation of dopants passing through the second logic gate into the substrate; a second logic source region and a second logic drain region on opposite sides of the second logic gate, respectively; and wherein the second logic well region has a depth shallower below the second logic gate than a depth of the second logic well region with respect to the second logic source region and the second logic drain region. | A semiconductor device include a nonvolatile memory device, including a first well region formed in a substrate, a tunneling gate insulator formed on the first well region, a floating gate formed on the tunneling gate insulator, a control gate insulator formed on the substrate, a control gate formed on the control gate insulator, and a first source region and a first drain region formed on opposite sides of the control gate, respectively, and a first logic device, including a first logic well region formed in the substrate, a first logic gate insulator formed on the first logic well region, a first logic gate formed on the first logic gate insulator, wherein the first logic gate comprises substantially a same material as a material of the control gate of the nonvolatile memory device.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a nonvolatile memory device, comprising:
a first well region formed in a substrate,
a tunneling gate insulator formed on the first well region,
a floating gate formed on the tunneling gate insulator,
a control gate insulator formed on the substrate,
a control gate formed on the control gate insulator, and
a first source region and a first drain region formed on opposite sides of the control gate, respectively; and
a first logic device, comprising:
a first logic well region formed in the substrate,
a first logic gate insulator formed on the first logic well region,
a first logic gate formed on the first logic gate insulator, wherein the first logic gate comprises substantially a same material as a material of the control gate of the nonvolatile memory device, and
a first logic source region and a first logic drain region formed on opposite sides of the first logic gate, respectively,
wherein the first logic well region has a depth shallower with respect to the first logic gate than a depth of the first logic well region with respect to the first logic source region and the first logic drain region. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second logic device, comprising: a second logic well region formed in the substrate; a second logic gate insulator formed on the second logic well region; a second logic gate formed on the second logic gate insulator, wherein the second logic gate comprises substantially a same material as the material of the control gate of the nonvolatile memory device; and a second logic source region and a second logic drain region formed on opposite sides of the second logic gate, respectively, wherein the second logic well region has a depth shallower with respect to the second logic gate than a depth of the second logic well region with respect to the second logic source region and the second logic drain region. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the control gate insulator has a thickness greater than a thickness of the first logic insulator and greater than a thickness of the second logic gate insulator. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the nonvolatile memory device further comprises:
a hard mask pattern formed on the floating gate; a thick dielectric pattern formed between the floating gate and the control gate; control gate spacers formed on sidewalls of the control gate; and a first silicide layer formed on the control gate. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the nonvolatile memory device further comprises:
a deep well region formed below the first well region, wherein the deep well region has a depth greater than a depth of the first logic well region; and a lightly-doped drain (LDD) region formed in the first well region, wherein the LDD region has a depth greater than a depth of the first source region and greater than a depth of the first drain region. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the control gate has a height greater than a height of the first logic gate with respect to a top surface of the substrate. 7. A manufacturing method of a semiconductor device, the manufacturing method comprising:
forming a nonvolatile memory device, comprising:
forming a first well region in a substrate,
forming a tunneling gate insulator on the first well region,
forming a floating gate on the tunneling gate insulator,
forming a thick dielectric pattern formed on sidewalls of the floating gate,
forming a control gate insulator on the substrate,
forming a control gate on the control gate insulator, and
forming a first source region and a first drain region on opposite sides of the control gate, respectively; and
forming a first logic device, comprising:
forming a first logic gate insulator on the substrate,
forming a first logic gate on the first logic gate insulator, wherein the first logic gate and the control gate are formed in the same operation,
forming a first logic well region by performing a first ion implantation of dopants passing through the first logic gate into the substrate,
forming first logic gate spacers formed on sidewalls of the first logic gate, and
forming a first logic source region and a first logic drain region on opposite sides of the first logic gate, respectively,
wherein the first logic well region has a depth shallower below the first logic gate than a depth of the first logic well region with respect to the first logic source region and the first logic drain region. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the forming a nonvolatile memory device further comprises:
forming control gate spacers on sidewalls of the control gate; and forming a first silicide layer on the control gate. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the forming a nonvolatile memory device further comprises:
forming a deep well region in the substrate, wherein the deep well region has a depth greater than a depth of the first well region and greater than a depth of the first logic well region; and forming a lightly-doped drain (LDD) region in the first well region, wherein the LDD region has a depth greater than a depth of the first source region and greater than a depth of the first drain region. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the forming of a floating gate on the tunneling gate insulator comprises:
forming a first conductive film on the tunneling gate insulator; forming a first hard mask pattern on the first conductive film; and performing an etching of the first conductive film using the first hard mask pattern as a mask, thereby forming the floating gate on the tunneling gate insulator, wherein the first hard mask pattern remains on a top surface of the floating gate. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the forming a control gate on the control gate insulator comprises:
depositing a second conductive film on the control gate insulator and the floating gate; and patterning the second conductive film using an etch-back process, thereby forming the control gate on the control gate insulator and on sidewalls of the thick dielectric pattern, wherein no control gate is formed on a top surface of the floating gate. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the forming a control gate on the control gate insulator further comprises:
depositing a stacked layer on the second conductive film; patterning the stacked layer, thereby forming a stacked layer pattern on sidewalls of the second conductive film; removing the stacked layer pattern by wet etching using chemical etchants; and implanting dopants into the second conductive film. 13. The method of claim 7, wherein the forming the first logic gate on the first logic gate insulator comprises:
forming the logic gate insulator on the substrate; forming a second conductive film on the logic gate insulator; forming a second hard mask pattern on the second conductive film; and patterning the second conductive film, using the second hard mask pattern, to form the first logic gate on the first logic gate insulator. 14. The method of claim 7, wherein the control gate is formed to enclose the floating gate. 15. A manufacturing method of a semiconductor device, the manufacturing method comprising:
preparing a substrate comprising a cell region and a logic region, wherein a nonvolatile memory device is formed on the cell region and a logic device is formed on the logic region; forming a first well region in the cell region of the substrate; forming a tunneling gate insulator on the first well region; forming a first conductive film on the tunneling gate insulator; patterning the first conductive film, thereby forming a floating gate on the tunneling gate insulator; forming a thick dielectric pattern on sidewalls of the floating gate; forming a control gate insulator on the cell region; forming a first logic gate insulator on the logic region; forming a second conductive film on the logic gate insulator and the control gate insulator; patterning the second conductive film, thereby forming a control gate on the control gate insulator and forming a first logic gate on the first logic gate insulator, such that the first logic gate and the control gate are formed in the same operation; forming a first logic well region by performing a first ion implantation of dopants that pass through the first logic gate into the substrate; forming control gate spacers formed on each sidewall of the control gate and first logic gate spacers on each sidewall of the first logic gate; forming a first source region and a first drain region on opposite sides of the control gate, respectively; and forming a first logic source region and a first logic drain region on opposite sides of the first logic gate, respectively, wherein the first logic well region has a depth shallower below the first logic gate than a depth of the first logic well region with respect to the first logic source region and the first logic drain region. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the patterning the first conductive film comprises:
forming a first hard mask pattern on the first conductive film; and performing an etching of the first conductive film using the first hard mask pattern as a mask, thereby forming the floating gate on the tunneling gate insulator, wherein the first hard mask pattern remains on a top surface of the floating gate. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the patterning the second conductive film comprises:
forming a second hard mask pattern on the second conductive film on the logic region, wherein no second hard mask pattern is formed on the second conductive film on the cell region; and performing an etching process on the second conductive film using the second hard mask pattern as a mask, such that the first logic gate and the control gate are simultaneously formed on the logic region and the cell region, respectively. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
forming a deep well region formed in the substrate, wherein the deep well region encloses the first well region; and forming an LDD region formed in the first well region, wherein the LDD region encloses the first source region and the first drain region. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
forming a second logic well region by performing a second ion implantation of dopants passing through the second logic gate into the substrate; forming a second logic source region and a second logic drain region on opposite sides of the second logic gate, respectively; and wherein the second logic well region has a depth shallower below the second logic gate than a depth of the second logic well region with respect to the second logic source region and the second logic drain region. 20. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate having a cell region and a logic region, wherein a nonvolatile memory device is formed on the cell region and a logic device is formed on the logic region; a first well region formed in the cell region of the substrate; a tunneling gate insulator formed on the first well region; a first conductive film formed on the tunneling gate insulator; a floating gate formed on the tunneling gate insulator; a thick dielectric pattern formed on sidewalls of the floating gate; a control gate insulator formed on the cell region; a first logic gate insulator formed on the logic region; a second conductive film formed on the logic gate insulator and the control gate insulator; a control gate formed on the control gate insulator; a first logic gate formed on the first logic gate insulator; a first logic well region formed by performing a first ion implantation of dopants passing through the first logic gate into the substrate; control gate spacers formed on each sidewall of the control gate and first logic gate spacers formed on each sidewall of the first logic gate; a first source region and a first drain region formed on opposite sides of the control gate, respectively; and a first logic source region and a first logic drain region formed on opposite sides of the first logic gate, respectively. 21. The semiconductor device of claim 20, wherein the first logic well region has a depth shallower below the first logic gate than a depth of the first logic well region with respect to the first logic source region and the first logic drain region. 22. The semiconductor device of claim 20, wherein the first logic gate and the control gate are formed in the same operation. 23. The semiconductor device of claim 20, further comprising:
a deep well region formed in the substrate, wherein the deep well region encloses the first well region; and a lightly doped drain (LDD) region formed in the first well region, wherein the LDD region encloses the first source region and the first drain region. 24. The semiconductor device of claim 20, further comprising:
a second logic well region formed by performing a second ion implantation of dopants passing through the second logic gate into the substrate; a second logic source region and a second logic drain region on opposite sides of the second logic gate, respectively; and wherein the second logic well region has a depth shallower below the second logic gate than a depth of the second logic well region with respect to the second logic source region and the second logic drain region. | 3,600 |
340,991 | 16,801,268 | 3,665 | A computer-implemented method, computer program product, and computer system are provided to: (i) receive, via a first communication component of a connectivity component, a debug request from an on-premise server; (ii) identify, at the connectivity component, a debug port of an off-premise server based on the received debug port request; and (iii) communicate, via a second communication component of the connectivity component, the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server. | 1. A computer-implemented method for managing debugging across off-premise and on-premise servers, the method comprising:
receiving, via a first communication component of a connectivity component, a debug request from an on-premise server; identifying, by the connectivity component, a debug port of an off-premise server based, at least in part, on the received debug port request; and communicating, via a second communication component of the connectivity component, the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
receiving the debug request from the on-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for receiving the debug request; and communicating the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for communicating the debug request. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving debug port data relating to the debug port; and storing the received debug port data in a data store. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the debug port data is received from a source selected from the group consisting of: an on-premise server application, an off-premise server application, an on-premise server module, and an off-premise server module. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, further comprising:
removing the debug port data from the data store in response to an element becoming inaccessible. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the element is selected from the group consisting of: an application, a server, and the debug port. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, via the second communication component of the connectivity component, from the off-premise server, a response to the debug request; and communicating, via the first communication component of the connectivity component, to the on-premise server, the received response. 8. A computer program product for managing debugging across off-premise and on-premise servers, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processing unit to cause the processing unit to perform a method comprising:
receiving, via a first communication component of a connectivity component, a debug request from an on-premise server; identifying, by the connectivity component, a debug port of an off-premise server based, at least in part, on the received debug port request; and communicating, via a second communication component of the connectivity component, the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server. 9. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein:
receiving the debug request from the on-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for receiving the debug request; and communicating the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for communicating the debug request. 10. The computer program product of claim 8, the method further comprising:
receiving debug port data relating to the debug port; and storing the received debug port data in a data store. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the debug port data is received from a source selected from the group consisting of: an on-premise server application, an off-premise server application, an on-premise server module, and an off-premise server module. 12. The computer program product of claim 10, the method further comprising:
removing the debug port data from the data store in response to an element becoming inaccessible. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the element is selected from the group consisting of: an application, a server, and the debug port. 14. The computer program product of claim 8, the method further comprising:
receiving, via the second communication component of the connectivity component, from the off-premise server, a response to the debug request; and communicating, via the first communication component of the connectivity component, to the on-premise server, the received response. 15. A computer system for managing debugging across off-premise and on-premise servers, the computer system comprising:
a processing unit; and a computer readable storage medium; wherein: the computer readable storage medium includes program instructions embodied therewith; and the program instructions are executable by the processing unit to cause the processing unit to perform a method comprising:
receiving, via a first communication component of a connectivity component, a debug request from an on-premise server;
identifying, by the connectivity component, a debug port of an off-premise server based, at least in part, on the received debug port request; and
communicating, via a second communication component of the connectivity component, the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server. 16. The computer system of claim 15, wherein:
receiving the debug request from the on-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for receiving the debug request; and communicating the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for communicating the debug request. 17. The computer system of claim 15, the method further comprising:
receiving debug port data relating to the debug port; and storing the received debug port data in a data store. 18. The computer system of claim 17, wherein the debug port data is received from a source selected from the group consisting of: an on-premise server application, an off-premise server application, an on-premise server module, and an off-premise server module. 19. The computer system of claim 17, the method further comprising:
removing the debug port data from the data store in response to an element becoming inaccessible. 20. The computer system of claim 15, the method further comprising:
receiving, via the second communication component of the connectivity component, from the off-premise server, a response to the debug request; and communicating, via the first communication component of the connectivity component, to the on-premise server, the received response. | A computer-implemented method, computer program product, and computer system are provided to: (i) receive, via a first communication component of a connectivity component, a debug request from an on-premise server; (ii) identify, at the connectivity component, a debug port of an off-premise server based on the received debug port request; and (iii) communicate, via a second communication component of the connectivity component, the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server.1. A computer-implemented method for managing debugging across off-premise and on-premise servers, the method comprising:
receiving, via a first communication component of a connectivity component, a debug request from an on-premise server; identifying, by the connectivity component, a debug port of an off-premise server based, at least in part, on the received debug port request; and communicating, via a second communication component of the connectivity component, the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
receiving the debug request from the on-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for receiving the debug request; and communicating the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for communicating the debug request. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving debug port data relating to the debug port; and storing the received debug port data in a data store. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the debug port data is received from a source selected from the group consisting of: an on-premise server application, an off-premise server application, an on-premise server module, and an off-premise server module. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, further comprising:
removing the debug port data from the data store in response to an element becoming inaccessible. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the element is selected from the group consisting of: an application, a server, and the debug port. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, via the second communication component of the connectivity component, from the off-premise server, a response to the debug request; and communicating, via the first communication component of the connectivity component, to the on-premise server, the received response. 8. A computer program product for managing debugging across off-premise and on-premise servers, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processing unit to cause the processing unit to perform a method comprising:
receiving, via a first communication component of a connectivity component, a debug request from an on-premise server; identifying, by the connectivity component, a debug port of an off-premise server based, at least in part, on the received debug port request; and communicating, via a second communication component of the connectivity component, the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server. 9. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein:
receiving the debug request from the on-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for receiving the debug request; and communicating the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for communicating the debug request. 10. The computer program product of claim 8, the method further comprising:
receiving debug port data relating to the debug port; and storing the received debug port data in a data store. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the debug port data is received from a source selected from the group consisting of: an on-premise server application, an off-premise server application, an on-premise server module, and an off-premise server module. 12. The computer program product of claim 10, the method further comprising:
removing the debug port data from the data store in response to an element becoming inaccessible. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the element is selected from the group consisting of: an application, a server, and the debug port. 14. The computer program product of claim 8, the method further comprising:
receiving, via the second communication component of the connectivity component, from the off-premise server, a response to the debug request; and communicating, via the first communication component of the connectivity component, to the on-premise server, the received response. 15. A computer system for managing debugging across off-premise and on-premise servers, the computer system comprising:
a processing unit; and a computer readable storage medium; wherein: the computer readable storage medium includes program instructions embodied therewith; and the program instructions are executable by the processing unit to cause the processing unit to perform a method comprising:
receiving, via a first communication component of a connectivity component, a debug request from an on-premise server;
identifying, by the connectivity component, a debug port of an off-premise server based, at least in part, on the received debug port request; and
communicating, via a second communication component of the connectivity component, the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server. 16. The computer system of claim 15, wherein:
receiving the debug request from the on-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for receiving the debug request; and communicating the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for communicating the debug request. 17. The computer system of claim 15, the method further comprising:
receiving debug port data relating to the debug port; and storing the received debug port data in a data store. 18. The computer system of claim 17, wherein the debug port data is received from a source selected from the group consisting of: an on-premise server application, an off-premise server application, an on-premise server module, and an off-premise server module. 19. The computer system of claim 17, the method further comprising:
removing the debug port data from the data store in response to an element becoming inaccessible. 20. The computer system of claim 15, the method further comprising:
receiving, via the second communication component of the connectivity component, from the off-premise server, a response to the debug request; and communicating, via the first communication component of the connectivity component, to the on-premise server, the received response. | 3,600 |
340,992 | 16,801,255 | 3,665 | A computer-implemented method, computer program product, and computer system are provided to: (i) receive, via a first communication component of a connectivity component, a debug request from an on-premise server; (ii) identify, at the connectivity component, a debug port of an off-premise server based on the received debug port request; and (iii) communicate, via a second communication component of the connectivity component, the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server. | 1. A computer-implemented method for managing debugging across off-premise and on-premise servers, the method comprising:
receiving, via a first communication component of a connectivity component, a debug request from an on-premise server; identifying, by the connectivity component, a debug port of an off-premise server based, at least in part, on the received debug port request; and communicating, via a second communication component of the connectivity component, the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
receiving the debug request from the on-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for receiving the debug request; and communicating the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for communicating the debug request. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving debug port data relating to the debug port; and storing the received debug port data in a data store. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the debug port data is received from a source selected from the group consisting of: an on-premise server application, an off-premise server application, an on-premise server module, and an off-premise server module. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, further comprising:
removing the debug port data from the data store in response to an element becoming inaccessible. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the element is selected from the group consisting of: an application, a server, and the debug port. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, via the second communication component of the connectivity component, from the off-premise server, a response to the debug request; and communicating, via the first communication component of the connectivity component, to the on-premise server, the received response. 8. A computer program product for managing debugging across off-premise and on-premise servers, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processing unit to cause the processing unit to perform a method comprising:
receiving, via a first communication component of a connectivity component, a debug request from an on-premise server; identifying, by the connectivity component, a debug port of an off-premise server based, at least in part, on the received debug port request; and communicating, via a second communication component of the connectivity component, the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server. 9. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein:
receiving the debug request from the on-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for receiving the debug request; and communicating the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for communicating the debug request. 10. The computer program product of claim 8, the method further comprising:
receiving debug port data relating to the debug port; and storing the received debug port data in a data store. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the debug port data is received from a source selected from the group consisting of: an on-premise server application, an off-premise server application, an on-premise server module, and an off-premise server module. 12. The computer program product of claim 10, the method further comprising:
removing the debug port data from the data store in response to an element becoming inaccessible. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the element is selected from the group consisting of: an application, a server, and the debug port. 14. The computer program product of claim 8, the method further comprising:
receiving, via the second communication component of the connectivity component, from the off-premise server, a response to the debug request; and communicating, via the first communication component of the connectivity component, to the on-premise server, the received response. 15. A computer system for managing debugging across off-premise and on-premise servers, the computer system comprising:
a processing unit; and a computer readable storage medium; wherein: the computer readable storage medium includes program instructions embodied therewith; and the program instructions are executable by the processing unit to cause the processing unit to perform a method comprising:
receiving, via a first communication component of a connectivity component, a debug request from an on-premise server;
identifying, by the connectivity component, a debug port of an off-premise server based, at least in part, on the received debug port request; and
communicating, via a second communication component of the connectivity component, the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server. 16. The computer system of claim 15, wherein:
receiving the debug request from the on-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for receiving the debug request; and communicating the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for communicating the debug request. 17. The computer system of claim 15, the method further comprising:
receiving debug port data relating to the debug port; and storing the received debug port data in a data store. 18. The computer system of claim 17, wherein the debug port data is received from a source selected from the group consisting of: an on-premise server application, an off-premise server application, an on-premise server module, and an off-premise server module. 19. The computer system of claim 17, the method further comprising:
removing the debug port data from the data store in response to an element becoming inaccessible. 20. The computer system of claim 15, the method further comprising:
receiving, via the second communication component of the connectivity component, from the off-premise server, a response to the debug request; and communicating, via the first communication component of the connectivity component, to the on-premise server, the received response. | A computer-implemented method, computer program product, and computer system are provided to: (i) receive, via a first communication component of a connectivity component, a debug request from an on-premise server; (ii) identify, at the connectivity component, a debug port of an off-premise server based on the received debug port request; and (iii) communicate, via a second communication component of the connectivity component, the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server.1. A computer-implemented method for managing debugging across off-premise and on-premise servers, the method comprising:
receiving, via a first communication component of a connectivity component, a debug request from an on-premise server; identifying, by the connectivity component, a debug port of an off-premise server based, at least in part, on the received debug port request; and communicating, via a second communication component of the connectivity component, the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
receiving the debug request from the on-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for receiving the debug request; and communicating the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for communicating the debug request. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving debug port data relating to the debug port; and storing the received debug port data in a data store. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the debug port data is received from a source selected from the group consisting of: an on-premise server application, an off-premise server application, an on-premise server module, and an off-premise server module. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, further comprising:
removing the debug port data from the data store in response to an element becoming inaccessible. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the element is selected from the group consisting of: an application, a server, and the debug port. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, via the second communication component of the connectivity component, from the off-premise server, a response to the debug request; and communicating, via the first communication component of the connectivity component, to the on-premise server, the received response. 8. A computer program product for managing debugging across off-premise and on-premise servers, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processing unit to cause the processing unit to perform a method comprising:
receiving, via a first communication component of a connectivity component, a debug request from an on-premise server; identifying, by the connectivity component, a debug port of an off-premise server based, at least in part, on the received debug port request; and communicating, via a second communication component of the connectivity component, the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server. 9. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein:
receiving the debug request from the on-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for receiving the debug request; and communicating the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for communicating the debug request. 10. The computer program product of claim 8, the method further comprising:
receiving debug port data relating to the debug port; and storing the received debug port data in a data store. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the debug port data is received from a source selected from the group consisting of: an on-premise server application, an off-premise server application, an on-premise server module, and an off-premise server module. 12. The computer program product of claim 10, the method further comprising:
removing the debug port data from the data store in response to an element becoming inaccessible. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the element is selected from the group consisting of: an application, a server, and the debug port. 14. The computer program product of claim 8, the method further comprising:
receiving, via the second communication component of the connectivity component, from the off-premise server, a response to the debug request; and communicating, via the first communication component of the connectivity component, to the on-premise server, the received response. 15. A computer system for managing debugging across off-premise and on-premise servers, the computer system comprising:
a processing unit; and a computer readable storage medium; wherein: the computer readable storage medium includes program instructions embodied therewith; and the program instructions are executable by the processing unit to cause the processing unit to perform a method comprising:
receiving, via a first communication component of a connectivity component, a debug request from an on-premise server;
identifying, by the connectivity component, a debug port of an off-premise server based, at least in part, on the received debug port request; and
communicating, via a second communication component of the connectivity component, the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server. 16. The computer system of claim 15, wherein:
receiving the debug request from the on-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for receiving the debug request; and communicating the debug request to the identified debug port of the off-premise server includes establishing a secure tunnel for communicating the debug request. 17. The computer system of claim 15, the method further comprising:
receiving debug port data relating to the debug port; and storing the received debug port data in a data store. 18. The computer system of claim 17, wherein the debug port data is received from a source selected from the group consisting of: an on-premise server application, an off-premise server application, an on-premise server module, and an off-premise server module. 19. The computer system of claim 17, the method further comprising:
removing the debug port data from the data store in response to an element becoming inaccessible. 20. The computer system of claim 15, the method further comprising:
receiving, via the second communication component of the connectivity component, from the off-premise server, a response to the debug request; and communicating, via the first communication component of the connectivity component, to the on-premise server, the received response. | 3,600 |
340,993 | 16,801,273 | 3,665 | The position of a transmission device is estimated with a sufficient accuracy. A position estimation system includes a transmission device that includes a plurality of transmitters arranged symmetrically with respect to a specific reference position, a plurality of receivers that receive radio waves transmitted from the plurality of transmitters, and an estimation tool that estimates the position of the transmission device, based on reception strengths of the radio waves received at the receivers. | 1. A position estimation system comprising:
a transmission device comprising a plurality of transmitters arranged symmetrically with respect to a reference position, each of the plurality of transmitters being configured to transmit radio waves; a plurality of receivers configured to receive the radio waves transmitted from the plurality of transmitters; and a processor configured to estimate a position of the transmission device based on reception strengths of the received radio waves. 2. The position estimation system according to claim 1,
wherein each receiver is associated with one of a plurality of groups, each of the groups being associated with a corresponding physical region in which a receiver of the group is located, and wherein the processor is configured to estimate the physical region in which the transmission device is located based on a comparison of the reception strengths of the received radio waves between the groups. 3. The position estimation system according to claim 1,
wherein the transmission device is configured to be attached to an operator such that the transmission device moves in a facility as the operator moves in the facility, and wherein the position estimation system further comprises a display configured to display a position of the operator based on the estimated position of the transmission device, and to display an operating status of the facility in association with the displayed position. 4. The position estimation system according to claim 2,
wherein the transmission device is configured to be attached to an operator such that the transmission device moves in a facility as the operator moves in the facility, and wherein the position estimation system further comprises a display configured to display a position of the operator based on the estimated position of the transmission device, and to display an operating status of the facility in association with the displayed position. 5. The position estimation system according to claim 1,
wherein the transmission device is configured to be attached to an operator such that the transmission device moves in a facility as the operator moves in the facility, and wherein when the reception strengths of the received radio waves are not sufficient to estimate a position of the operator based on the estimated position of the transmission device, the processor is configured to estimate the position of the operator based on an operating status of the facility. 6. The position estimation system according to claim 2,
wherein the transmission device is configured to be attached to an operator such that the transmission device moves in a facility as the operator moves in the facility, and wherein when the reception strengths of the received radio waves are not sufficient to estimate a position of the operator based on the estimated position of the transmission device, the processor is configured to estimate the position of the operator based on an operating status of the facility. 7. The position estimation system according to claim 2,
wherein at least two of the plurality of receivers are installed in one of the physical regions, and wherein the transmission device is configured to pass through the one of the physical regions between the at least two receivers. | The position of a transmission device is estimated with a sufficient accuracy. A position estimation system includes a transmission device that includes a plurality of transmitters arranged symmetrically with respect to a specific reference position, a plurality of receivers that receive radio waves transmitted from the plurality of transmitters, and an estimation tool that estimates the position of the transmission device, based on reception strengths of the radio waves received at the receivers.1. A position estimation system comprising:
a transmission device comprising a plurality of transmitters arranged symmetrically with respect to a reference position, each of the plurality of transmitters being configured to transmit radio waves; a plurality of receivers configured to receive the radio waves transmitted from the plurality of transmitters; and a processor configured to estimate a position of the transmission device based on reception strengths of the received radio waves. 2. The position estimation system according to claim 1,
wherein each receiver is associated with one of a plurality of groups, each of the groups being associated with a corresponding physical region in which a receiver of the group is located, and wherein the processor is configured to estimate the physical region in which the transmission device is located based on a comparison of the reception strengths of the received radio waves between the groups. 3. The position estimation system according to claim 1,
wherein the transmission device is configured to be attached to an operator such that the transmission device moves in a facility as the operator moves in the facility, and wherein the position estimation system further comprises a display configured to display a position of the operator based on the estimated position of the transmission device, and to display an operating status of the facility in association with the displayed position. 4. The position estimation system according to claim 2,
wherein the transmission device is configured to be attached to an operator such that the transmission device moves in a facility as the operator moves in the facility, and wherein the position estimation system further comprises a display configured to display a position of the operator based on the estimated position of the transmission device, and to display an operating status of the facility in association with the displayed position. 5. The position estimation system according to claim 1,
wherein the transmission device is configured to be attached to an operator such that the transmission device moves in a facility as the operator moves in the facility, and wherein when the reception strengths of the received radio waves are not sufficient to estimate a position of the operator based on the estimated position of the transmission device, the processor is configured to estimate the position of the operator based on an operating status of the facility. 6. The position estimation system according to claim 2,
wherein the transmission device is configured to be attached to an operator such that the transmission device moves in a facility as the operator moves in the facility, and wherein when the reception strengths of the received radio waves are not sufficient to estimate a position of the operator based on the estimated position of the transmission device, the processor is configured to estimate the position of the operator based on an operating status of the facility. 7. The position estimation system according to claim 2,
wherein at least two of the plurality of receivers are installed in one of the physical regions, and wherein the transmission device is configured to pass through the one of the physical regions between the at least two receivers. | 3,600 |
340,994 | 16,801,248 | 2,684 | Various aspects of a system and method to provide driving assistance to safely overtake a vehicle are disclosed herein. In accordance with an embodiment, an electronic control unit used in a first vehicle is configured to detect a second vehicle in front of the first vehicle. A first position associated with the first vehicle and a second position associated with the detected second vehicle is determined for a first time instance. It may be determined whether a lateral distance between the determined first position and the determined second position is below a pre-defined threshold distance. A first alert is generated when the determined lateral distance is below the pre-defined threshold distance. | 1. A driving assistance system comprising:
one or more circuits in an electronic control unit used in a first vehicle, said one or more circuits being configured to: detect a second vehicle in front of said first vehicle; determine a first position associated with said first vehicle and a second position associated with said detected second vehicle for a first time instance; determine whether a lateral distance between said determined first position and said determined second position is below a first pre-defined threshold distance; and generate a first alert when said determined lateral distance is below said first pre-defined threshold distance. | Various aspects of a system and method to provide driving assistance to safely overtake a vehicle are disclosed herein. In accordance with an embodiment, an electronic control unit used in a first vehicle is configured to detect a second vehicle in front of the first vehicle. A first position associated with the first vehicle and a second position associated with the detected second vehicle is determined for a first time instance. It may be determined whether a lateral distance between the determined first position and the determined second position is below a pre-defined threshold distance. A first alert is generated when the determined lateral distance is below the pre-defined threshold distance.1. A driving assistance system comprising:
one or more circuits in an electronic control unit used in a first vehicle, said one or more circuits being configured to: detect a second vehicle in front of said first vehicle; determine a first position associated with said first vehicle and a second position associated with said detected second vehicle for a first time instance; determine whether a lateral distance between said determined first position and said determined second position is below a first pre-defined threshold distance; and generate a first alert when said determined lateral distance is below said first pre-defined threshold distance. | 2,600 |
340,995 | 16,801,276 | 2,684 | Amplitude-modulated (AM) signals spanning a spatial wide area can be efficiently detected using a slowly scanning optical system. The system decouples the AM carrier from the AM signal bandwidth (or carrier uncertainty), enabling Nyquist sampling of only the information-bearing AM signal (or the known frequency bandwidth). The system includes a staring sensor with N pixels (e.g., N>106) that searches for a sinusoidal frequency of unknown phase and frequency, perhaps constrained to a particular band by a priori information about the signal. Counters in the sensor pixels mix the detected signals with local oscillators to down-convert the signal of interest, e.g., to a baseband frequency. The counters store the down-converted signal for read out at a rate lower than the Nyquist rate of AM signal. The counts can be shifted among pixels synchronously with the optical line-of-sight for scanning operation. | 1. A method of detecting an amplitude-modulated (AM) optical signal having a center frequency fc and a bandwidth fb, the method comprising, at a pixel in an imaging array:
transducing the AM optical signal to an AM analog signal with a photodetector in the pixel; converting the AM analog signal to an electronic pulse train with a current-to-frequency converter in the pixel; mixing a first copy of the electronic pulse train with an in-phase square wave modulated at a mixing frequency fLO to produce an in-phase representation of the AM optical signal; mixing a second copy of the electronic pulse train with a quadrature square wave modulated at the mixing frequency fLO to produce a quadrature representation of the AM optical signal; and integrating the in-phase representation and the quadrature representation in the pixel over at least part of an integration period less than or equal to ½fb; and reading the in-phase representation and the quadrature representation from the pixel at a frame rate greater than or equal to 2fb. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the center frequency fc is about 100 kHz to about 10 GHz and the bandwidth fb is about 10 kHz to about 100 kHz. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein mixing the first copy of the electronic pulse train with the in-phase square wave and integrating the in-phase representation comprise counting pulses in the electronic pulse train with a first counter in the pixel while switching the first counter between a count-up mode and a count-down mode at the mixing frequency fLO. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pixel is a first pixel in the imaging array, and further comprising, at second pixel in the imaging array:
transducing another AM optical signal having a center frequency fc2 and a bandwidth fb2 to another AM analog signal with a photodetector in the second pixel; converting the other AM analog signal to another electronic pulse train with a current-to-frequency converter in the second pixel; mixing a first copy of the other electronic pulse train with the in-phase square wave modulated to produce an in-phase representation of the other AM optical signal; mixing a second copy of the other electronic pulse train with the quadrature square wave to produce a quadrature representation of the other AM optical signal; and integrating the in-phase representation of the other AM optical signal and the quadrature representation of the other AM optical signal in the second pixel over at least part of an integration period less than or equal to ½fb2; and reading out the in-phase representation of the other AM optical signal and the quadrature representation of the other AM optical signal from the second pixel at a frame rate greater than or equal to 2fb2. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
Fourier transforming the in-phase representation and the quadrature representation to produce a spectral signature of the AM optical signal. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the pixel is a first pixel, and further comprising:
integrating the in-phase representation in the first pixel during a first portion of the integration period; transferring the in-phase representation from the first pixel to a second pixel in the imaging array; and integrating the in-phase representation in the second pixel during a second portion of the integration period. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first portion of the integration period is an integer multiple of the reciprocal of the mixing frequency fLO. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein transferring the in-phase representation from the first pixel to the second pixel occurs synchronously with motion of the imaging array with respect to a source of the AM optical signal. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
demodulating the in-phase representation. 10. An imaging array for detecting an amplitude-modulated (AM) optical signal having a center frequency fc and a bandwidth fb, the imaging array comprising:
a pixel comprising:
a photodetector to transduce the AM optical signal to an AM analog signal with a photodetector in the pixel;
a current-to-frequency converter, operably coupled to the photodetector, to convert the AM analog signal to an electronic pulse train;
a first counter, operably coupled to the current-to-frequency converter, to count pulses in a first copy of the electronic pulse train over at least part of an integration period less than or equal to ½fb;
a second counter, operably coupled to the current-to-frequency converter, to count pulses in a second copy of the electronic pulse train over the at least part of the integration period; and
circuitry, operably coupled to the first counter and to the second counter, to (i) mix the first copy of the electronic pulse train with an in-phase square wave modulated at a mixing frequency fLO to produce an in-phase representation of the AM optical signal in the first counter, (ii) mix a second copy of the electronic pulse train with a quadrature square wave modulated at the mixing frequency fLO to produce a quadrature representation of the AM optical signal, and (iii) read out the in-phase representation from the first counter and the quadrature representation from the second counter at a frame rate greater than or equal to 2fb. 11. The imaging array of claim 10, wherein the center frequency fc is about 100 kHz to about 10 GHz and the bandwidth fb is about 20 kHz to about 100 kHz. 12. The imaging array of claim 10, wherein the circuitry is configured to mix the first copy of the electronic pulse train with the in-phase square wave by switching the first counter between a count-up mode and a count-down mode at the mixing frequency fLO. 13. The imaging array of claim 10, wherein the pixel is a first pixel, the photodetector is a first photodetector, the current-to-frequency converter is a first current-to-frequency converter, and the circuitry is first circuitry, and further comprising:
a second pixel comprising:
a second photodetector to transduce another AM optical signal to another AM analog signal;
a second current-to-frequency converter, operably coupled to the second photodetector, to convert the other AM analog signal to another electronic pulse train;
a third counter, operably coupled to the second current-to-frequency converter, to count pulses in a first copy of the other electronic pulse train over at least part of an integration period less than or equal to ½fb2;
a fourth counter, operably coupled to the second current-to-frequency converter, to count pulses in a second copy of the other electronic pulse train over the at least part of the integration period less than or equal to ½fb2; and
second circuitry, operably coupled to the third counter and to the fourth counter, to (i) mix the first copy of the other electronic pulse train with the in-phase square wave to produce an in-phase representation of the other AM optical signal in the third counter, (ii) mix a second copy of the other electronic pulse train with the quadrature square wave to produce a quadrature representation of the other AM optical signal, and (iii) read out the in-phase representation from the third counter and the quadrature representation from the fourth counter at a frame rate greater than or equal to 2fb2. 14. The imaging array of claim 10, wherein the pixel is a first pixel, and further comprising:
a second pixel; and transfer circuitry, operably coupled to the first pixel and the second pixel, to transfer the in-phase representation from the first pixel to the second pixel. 15. The imaging array of claim 14, wherein the first pixel configured to integrate the in-phase representation during a first portion of the integration period and the second pixel is configured to integrate the in-phase representation during a second portion of the integration period. 16. The imaging array of claim 15, wherein the first portion of the integration period is an integer multiple of the reciprocal of the mixing frequency fLO. 17. The imaging array of claim 15, wherein the transfer circuitry is configured to transfer the in-phase representation from the first pixel to the second pixel synchronously with motion of the imaging array with respect to a source of the AM optical signal. 18. A method of wide-area sensing with an imaging array, the method comprising, at a pixel in the imaging array:
detecting an optical signal modulated with amplitude modulation having a center frequency fc and a bandwidth fb; mixing the amplitude modulation with a local oscillator signal at a mixing frequency fLO less than the center frequency fc to produce an intermediate-frequency (IF) representation of the amplitude modulation; integrating the IF representation of the amplitude modulation as a count in a counter in the pixel; and reading the count at a frame rate less than a Nyquist rate of the amplitude modulation. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
transferring the count from the counter in the pixel to a counter in another pixel in the imaging array synchronously with motion of the imaging array relative to a source of the optical signal. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising, at another pixel in the imaging array:
detecting another optical signal modulated with other amplitude modulation; mixing the other amplitude modulation with the local oscillator signal to produce an IF representation of the other amplitude modulation; integrating the IF representation of the other amplitude modulation in a counter in the other pixel; and reading the IF representation of the amplitude modulation from the counter in the other pixel at a frame rate less than a Nyquist rate of the other amplitude modulation. | Amplitude-modulated (AM) signals spanning a spatial wide area can be efficiently detected using a slowly scanning optical system. The system decouples the AM carrier from the AM signal bandwidth (or carrier uncertainty), enabling Nyquist sampling of only the information-bearing AM signal (or the known frequency bandwidth). The system includes a staring sensor with N pixels (e.g., N>106) that searches for a sinusoidal frequency of unknown phase and frequency, perhaps constrained to a particular band by a priori information about the signal. Counters in the sensor pixels mix the detected signals with local oscillators to down-convert the signal of interest, e.g., to a baseband frequency. The counters store the down-converted signal for read out at a rate lower than the Nyquist rate of AM signal. The counts can be shifted among pixels synchronously with the optical line-of-sight for scanning operation.1. A method of detecting an amplitude-modulated (AM) optical signal having a center frequency fc and a bandwidth fb, the method comprising, at a pixel in an imaging array:
transducing the AM optical signal to an AM analog signal with a photodetector in the pixel; converting the AM analog signal to an electronic pulse train with a current-to-frequency converter in the pixel; mixing a first copy of the electronic pulse train with an in-phase square wave modulated at a mixing frequency fLO to produce an in-phase representation of the AM optical signal; mixing a second copy of the electronic pulse train with a quadrature square wave modulated at the mixing frequency fLO to produce a quadrature representation of the AM optical signal; and integrating the in-phase representation and the quadrature representation in the pixel over at least part of an integration period less than or equal to ½fb; and reading the in-phase representation and the quadrature representation from the pixel at a frame rate greater than or equal to 2fb. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the center frequency fc is about 100 kHz to about 10 GHz and the bandwidth fb is about 10 kHz to about 100 kHz. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein mixing the first copy of the electronic pulse train with the in-phase square wave and integrating the in-phase representation comprise counting pulses in the electronic pulse train with a first counter in the pixel while switching the first counter between a count-up mode and a count-down mode at the mixing frequency fLO. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pixel is a first pixel in the imaging array, and further comprising, at second pixel in the imaging array:
transducing another AM optical signal having a center frequency fc2 and a bandwidth fb2 to another AM analog signal with a photodetector in the second pixel; converting the other AM analog signal to another electronic pulse train with a current-to-frequency converter in the second pixel; mixing a first copy of the other electronic pulse train with the in-phase square wave modulated to produce an in-phase representation of the other AM optical signal; mixing a second copy of the other electronic pulse train with the quadrature square wave to produce a quadrature representation of the other AM optical signal; and integrating the in-phase representation of the other AM optical signal and the quadrature representation of the other AM optical signal in the second pixel over at least part of an integration period less than or equal to ½fb2; and reading out the in-phase representation of the other AM optical signal and the quadrature representation of the other AM optical signal from the second pixel at a frame rate greater than or equal to 2fb2. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
Fourier transforming the in-phase representation and the quadrature representation to produce a spectral signature of the AM optical signal. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the pixel is a first pixel, and further comprising:
integrating the in-phase representation in the first pixel during a first portion of the integration period; transferring the in-phase representation from the first pixel to a second pixel in the imaging array; and integrating the in-phase representation in the second pixel during a second portion of the integration period. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first portion of the integration period is an integer multiple of the reciprocal of the mixing frequency fLO. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein transferring the in-phase representation from the first pixel to the second pixel occurs synchronously with motion of the imaging array with respect to a source of the AM optical signal. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
demodulating the in-phase representation. 10. An imaging array for detecting an amplitude-modulated (AM) optical signal having a center frequency fc and a bandwidth fb, the imaging array comprising:
a pixel comprising:
a photodetector to transduce the AM optical signal to an AM analog signal with a photodetector in the pixel;
a current-to-frequency converter, operably coupled to the photodetector, to convert the AM analog signal to an electronic pulse train;
a first counter, operably coupled to the current-to-frequency converter, to count pulses in a first copy of the electronic pulse train over at least part of an integration period less than or equal to ½fb;
a second counter, operably coupled to the current-to-frequency converter, to count pulses in a second copy of the electronic pulse train over the at least part of the integration period; and
circuitry, operably coupled to the first counter and to the second counter, to (i) mix the first copy of the electronic pulse train with an in-phase square wave modulated at a mixing frequency fLO to produce an in-phase representation of the AM optical signal in the first counter, (ii) mix a second copy of the electronic pulse train with a quadrature square wave modulated at the mixing frequency fLO to produce a quadrature representation of the AM optical signal, and (iii) read out the in-phase representation from the first counter and the quadrature representation from the second counter at a frame rate greater than or equal to 2fb. 11. The imaging array of claim 10, wherein the center frequency fc is about 100 kHz to about 10 GHz and the bandwidth fb is about 20 kHz to about 100 kHz. 12. The imaging array of claim 10, wherein the circuitry is configured to mix the first copy of the electronic pulse train with the in-phase square wave by switching the first counter between a count-up mode and a count-down mode at the mixing frequency fLO. 13. The imaging array of claim 10, wherein the pixel is a first pixel, the photodetector is a first photodetector, the current-to-frequency converter is a first current-to-frequency converter, and the circuitry is first circuitry, and further comprising:
a second pixel comprising:
a second photodetector to transduce another AM optical signal to another AM analog signal;
a second current-to-frequency converter, operably coupled to the second photodetector, to convert the other AM analog signal to another electronic pulse train;
a third counter, operably coupled to the second current-to-frequency converter, to count pulses in a first copy of the other electronic pulse train over at least part of an integration period less than or equal to ½fb2;
a fourth counter, operably coupled to the second current-to-frequency converter, to count pulses in a second copy of the other electronic pulse train over the at least part of the integration period less than or equal to ½fb2; and
second circuitry, operably coupled to the third counter and to the fourth counter, to (i) mix the first copy of the other electronic pulse train with the in-phase square wave to produce an in-phase representation of the other AM optical signal in the third counter, (ii) mix a second copy of the other electronic pulse train with the quadrature square wave to produce a quadrature representation of the other AM optical signal, and (iii) read out the in-phase representation from the third counter and the quadrature representation from the fourth counter at a frame rate greater than or equal to 2fb2. 14. The imaging array of claim 10, wherein the pixel is a first pixel, and further comprising:
a second pixel; and transfer circuitry, operably coupled to the first pixel and the second pixel, to transfer the in-phase representation from the first pixel to the second pixel. 15. The imaging array of claim 14, wherein the first pixel configured to integrate the in-phase representation during a first portion of the integration period and the second pixel is configured to integrate the in-phase representation during a second portion of the integration period. 16. The imaging array of claim 15, wherein the first portion of the integration period is an integer multiple of the reciprocal of the mixing frequency fLO. 17. The imaging array of claim 15, wherein the transfer circuitry is configured to transfer the in-phase representation from the first pixel to the second pixel synchronously with motion of the imaging array with respect to a source of the AM optical signal. 18. A method of wide-area sensing with an imaging array, the method comprising, at a pixel in the imaging array:
detecting an optical signal modulated with amplitude modulation having a center frequency fc and a bandwidth fb; mixing the amplitude modulation with a local oscillator signal at a mixing frequency fLO less than the center frequency fc to produce an intermediate-frequency (IF) representation of the amplitude modulation; integrating the IF representation of the amplitude modulation as a count in a counter in the pixel; and reading the count at a frame rate less than a Nyquist rate of the amplitude modulation. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
transferring the count from the counter in the pixel to a counter in another pixel in the imaging array synchronously with motion of the imaging array relative to a source of the optical signal. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising, at another pixel in the imaging array:
detecting another optical signal modulated with other amplitude modulation; mixing the other amplitude modulation with the local oscillator signal to produce an IF representation of the other amplitude modulation; integrating the IF representation of the other amplitude modulation in a counter in the other pixel; and reading the IF representation of the amplitude modulation from the counter in the other pixel at a frame rate less than a Nyquist rate of the other amplitude modulation. | 2,600 |
340,996 | 16,801,277 | 2,684 | Devices, systems and processes for facilitating watch parties are described. For at least one embodiment, a system may include a sync server; a first user device communicatively coupled to the sync server; a second user device communicatively coupled to the sync server; and a content source providing a content. The sync server may transmit the content as each of a first content to the first user device and as a second content to the second user device. The sync server may be configured to adjust a first bit rate for the first content and, upon adjusting the first bit rate, the first content and second content may be respectively provided to each of the first user device and the second user device such that the devices can substantially simultaneously and separately present the first content to the first user and the second content to the second user. | 1. A system for facilitating watch parties comprising:
a sync server; a first user device, for use by a first user, communicatively coupled to the sync server; a second user device, for use by a second user, communicatively coupled to the sync server; and a content source providing a content; wherein the sync server is configured to transmit the content as each of a first content to the first user device and as a second content to the second user device; wherein the sync server is configured to adjust a first bit rate for the first content; and wherein upon adjusting the first bit rate, the first content and second content are respectively provided to each of the first user device and the second user device such that the first user device and the second user device can substantially simultaneously and separately present the first content to the first user and the second content to the second user. 2. The system of claim 1,
wherein the sync server adjusts the first bit rate based upon a first latency and a first delay. 3. The system of claim 2,
wherein the first latency arises over a first content link between the sync server and the first user device. 4. The system of claim 3,
wherein the first delay is a first user device delay; wherein the first user device delay occurs while the first user device decodes the first content for presentation to the first user. 5. The system of claim 4,
wherein a first reply received by the sync server from the first user device includes:
a first network time and a first device time;
wherein the first network time indicates when a first ping sent by the sync server was received by the first user device; and
wherein the first device time indicates when the first user device completed decoding of a first data packet provided with the first ping; and
wherein the sync server is configured to execute non-transient computer instructions for:
determining the first latency based upon the first network time; and
determining the first user device delay based upon the first device time. 6. The system of claim 5,
wherein the first data packet includes an MPEG encoded video content segment. 7. The system of claim 6,
wherein the sync server is further configured to adjust a second bit rate for the second content based upon a second latency and a second delay; wherein the second latency arises over a second content link between the sync server and the second user device; wherein the second delay is a second user device delay; and wherein the second user device delay occurs while the second user device processes the second content for presentation to the second user. 8. The system of claim 7,
wherein a second reply received by the sync server from the second user device includes:
a second network time and a second device time;
wherein the second network time indicates when a second ping sent by the sync server was received by the second user device; and
wherein the second device time indicates when the second user device completed decoding of a second data packet provided with the second ping; and
wherein the sync server is configured to execute non-transient computer instructions for:
determining the second latency based upon the second network time; and
determining the second user device delay based upon the second device time. 9. The system of claim 8,
wherein the first data packet and the second data packet include an identical MPEG encoded video content segment. 10. The system of claim 9,
wherein the sync server is further configured to execute non-transient computer instructions for:
determining the first latency at multiple first bit rates; and
determining the second latency at multiple second bit rates. 11. The system of claim 10,
wherein the sync server is further configured to execute non-transient computer instructions for:
determining the first user device delay at multiple first bit rates;
determining the second user device delay multiple second bit rates. 12. The system of claim 11,
wherein the sync server is further configured to execute non-transient computer instructions for:
determining a first minimum quality level for presentation of the first content, at each of the multiple first bit rates, based upon the first latency and the first device delay; and
determining a second minimum quality level for presentation of the second content, at each of the multiple second bit rates, based upon the second latency and the second device delay. 13. The system of claim 12,
wherein the content source is the first user device. 14. A method for facilitating watch parties comprising:
forming a watch party including a first user device and a second user device; determining a first latency for first content link between the first user device and a sync server; determining a second latency for a second content link between the second user device and the sync server; and adaptively changing at least one of a first bit rate for the first content link and a second bit rate for the second content link; wherein at least one of the first bit rate and the second bit rate are adaptively changed such that a first presentation of a first content by the first user device occurs substantially simultaneously with a second presentation of a second content by the second user device. 15. The method of claim 14,
wherein the first content and the second content are substantially identical. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
detecting, by the first user device, a first reaction; communicating, by the first user device, the first reaction to the second user device; and presenting, by the second user device, the first reaction substantially simultaneously with the detecting of the first reaction by the first user device. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
synchronizing, by the first user device, the first reaction with a first segment of the first content; synchronizing, by the second user device, the first reaction with a second segment of the second content; wherein the first segment is presented by the first user device substantially simultaneously with the presenting, by the second user device, of the second segment and the first reaction. 18. The method of claim 17,
wherein the first reaction is communicated by the first user device to the sync server over a first chat link; and wherein the first reaction is communicated by the sync server to the second user device over a second chat link; and wherein each of the first chat link and the second chat link utilize 5G communications technology. 19. A method for facilitating a watch party comprising:
establishing a first sync link between a first user device and a sync server; establishing a second sync link between a second user device and the sync server; selecting a content for presentation by each of the first user device and the second user device;
wherein a first copy of the content is directly accessible by the first user device;
wherein a second copy of the content is directly accessible by the second user device;
establishing a first chat link between the first user device and the sync server; establishing a second chat link established between the second user device and the sync server; and detecting a first reaction by the first user device; communicating the first reaction to the second user device via each of the first chat link and the second chat link; and synchronizing, by the sync server, presentation of the first copy by the first user device with a presentation of the second copy and the first reaction by the second user device. 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising:
determining a first user device delay for the first user device;
determining a second user device delay for the second user device;
determining a first latency for the first chat link;
determining a second latency for the second chat link; and
wherein the synchronizing of the presentation of the first copy by the first user device with the presentation of the second copy and the first reaction by the second user device is based upon at least one of the first user device delay, the second user device delay, the first latency and the second latency. | Devices, systems and processes for facilitating watch parties are described. For at least one embodiment, a system may include a sync server; a first user device communicatively coupled to the sync server; a second user device communicatively coupled to the sync server; and a content source providing a content. The sync server may transmit the content as each of a first content to the first user device and as a second content to the second user device. The sync server may be configured to adjust a first bit rate for the first content and, upon adjusting the first bit rate, the first content and second content may be respectively provided to each of the first user device and the second user device such that the devices can substantially simultaneously and separately present the first content to the first user and the second content to the second user.1. A system for facilitating watch parties comprising:
a sync server; a first user device, for use by a first user, communicatively coupled to the sync server; a second user device, for use by a second user, communicatively coupled to the sync server; and a content source providing a content; wherein the sync server is configured to transmit the content as each of a first content to the first user device and as a second content to the second user device; wherein the sync server is configured to adjust a first bit rate for the first content; and wherein upon adjusting the first bit rate, the first content and second content are respectively provided to each of the first user device and the second user device such that the first user device and the second user device can substantially simultaneously and separately present the first content to the first user and the second content to the second user. 2. The system of claim 1,
wherein the sync server adjusts the first bit rate based upon a first latency and a first delay. 3. The system of claim 2,
wherein the first latency arises over a first content link between the sync server and the first user device. 4. The system of claim 3,
wherein the first delay is a first user device delay; wherein the first user device delay occurs while the first user device decodes the first content for presentation to the first user. 5. The system of claim 4,
wherein a first reply received by the sync server from the first user device includes:
a first network time and a first device time;
wherein the first network time indicates when a first ping sent by the sync server was received by the first user device; and
wherein the first device time indicates when the first user device completed decoding of a first data packet provided with the first ping; and
wherein the sync server is configured to execute non-transient computer instructions for:
determining the first latency based upon the first network time; and
determining the first user device delay based upon the first device time. 6. The system of claim 5,
wherein the first data packet includes an MPEG encoded video content segment. 7. The system of claim 6,
wherein the sync server is further configured to adjust a second bit rate for the second content based upon a second latency and a second delay; wherein the second latency arises over a second content link between the sync server and the second user device; wherein the second delay is a second user device delay; and wherein the second user device delay occurs while the second user device processes the second content for presentation to the second user. 8. The system of claim 7,
wherein a second reply received by the sync server from the second user device includes:
a second network time and a second device time;
wherein the second network time indicates when a second ping sent by the sync server was received by the second user device; and
wherein the second device time indicates when the second user device completed decoding of a second data packet provided with the second ping; and
wherein the sync server is configured to execute non-transient computer instructions for:
determining the second latency based upon the second network time; and
determining the second user device delay based upon the second device time. 9. The system of claim 8,
wherein the first data packet and the second data packet include an identical MPEG encoded video content segment. 10. The system of claim 9,
wherein the sync server is further configured to execute non-transient computer instructions for:
determining the first latency at multiple first bit rates; and
determining the second latency at multiple second bit rates. 11. The system of claim 10,
wherein the sync server is further configured to execute non-transient computer instructions for:
determining the first user device delay at multiple first bit rates;
determining the second user device delay multiple second bit rates. 12. The system of claim 11,
wherein the sync server is further configured to execute non-transient computer instructions for:
determining a first minimum quality level for presentation of the first content, at each of the multiple first bit rates, based upon the first latency and the first device delay; and
determining a second minimum quality level for presentation of the second content, at each of the multiple second bit rates, based upon the second latency and the second device delay. 13. The system of claim 12,
wherein the content source is the first user device. 14. A method for facilitating watch parties comprising:
forming a watch party including a first user device and a second user device; determining a first latency for first content link between the first user device and a sync server; determining a second latency for a second content link between the second user device and the sync server; and adaptively changing at least one of a first bit rate for the first content link and a second bit rate for the second content link; wherein at least one of the first bit rate and the second bit rate are adaptively changed such that a first presentation of a first content by the first user device occurs substantially simultaneously with a second presentation of a second content by the second user device. 15. The method of claim 14,
wherein the first content and the second content are substantially identical. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
detecting, by the first user device, a first reaction; communicating, by the first user device, the first reaction to the second user device; and presenting, by the second user device, the first reaction substantially simultaneously with the detecting of the first reaction by the first user device. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
synchronizing, by the first user device, the first reaction with a first segment of the first content; synchronizing, by the second user device, the first reaction with a second segment of the second content; wherein the first segment is presented by the first user device substantially simultaneously with the presenting, by the second user device, of the second segment and the first reaction. 18. The method of claim 17,
wherein the first reaction is communicated by the first user device to the sync server over a first chat link; and wherein the first reaction is communicated by the sync server to the second user device over a second chat link; and wherein each of the first chat link and the second chat link utilize 5G communications technology. 19. A method for facilitating a watch party comprising:
establishing a first sync link between a first user device and a sync server; establishing a second sync link between a second user device and the sync server; selecting a content for presentation by each of the first user device and the second user device;
wherein a first copy of the content is directly accessible by the first user device;
wherein a second copy of the content is directly accessible by the second user device;
establishing a first chat link between the first user device and the sync server; establishing a second chat link established between the second user device and the sync server; and detecting a first reaction by the first user device; communicating the first reaction to the second user device via each of the first chat link and the second chat link; and synchronizing, by the sync server, presentation of the first copy by the first user device with a presentation of the second copy and the first reaction by the second user device. 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising:
determining a first user device delay for the first user device;
determining a second user device delay for the second user device;
determining a first latency for the first chat link;
determining a second latency for the second chat link; and
wherein the synchronizing of the presentation of the first copy by the first user device with the presentation of the second copy and the first reaction by the second user device is based upon at least one of the first user device delay, the second user device delay, the first latency and the second latency. | 2,600 |
340,997 | 16,801,279 | 2,684 | A charge control device as an embodiment of the present invention includes a charge controller and a determiner. The charge controller controls charging of a secondary battery. The determiner determines whether or not the secondary battery is being used in charging of the secondary battery. When it is determined that the secondary battery is being used, the charge controller stops charging of the secondary battery before the secondary battery is fully charged. | 1. A charge control device comprising:
a charge controller configured to control charging of a secondary battery; and a determiner configured to determine whether or not the secondary battery is being used in charging of the secondary battery, wherein when it is determined that the secondary battery is being used, the charge controller stops charging of the secondary battery before the secondary battery is fully charged. 2. The charge control device according to claim 1, wherein
when it is determined that the secondary battery is not used after stopping charging of the secondary battery before the secondary battery is fully charged, the charge controller resumes charging of the secondary battery so that the secondary battery is fully charged. 3. The charge control device according to claim 1, further comprising a detector configured to detect that a state of charge of the secondary battery reaches an upper limit value, wherein
when it is determined that the secondary battery is being used, if it is detected that the state of charge of the secondary battery reaches an upper limit value, the charge controller stops charging of the secondary battery. 4. The charge control device according to claim 3, further comprising a measurer configured to generate measurement data at least indicating a voltage and current of the secondary battery in charging or discharging of the secondary battery, wherein
the detector detects that the state of charge of the secondary battery reaches the upper limit value from a value of a voltage and a value of a current indicated in the measurement data in charging of the secondary battery, using information on a correspondence relationship between each two of a voltage, a current and a state of charge of the secondary battery. 5. The charge control device according to claim 4, further comprising an estimator configured to:
calculate respective initial charge amounts and masses of a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the secondary battery based on measurement data in charging or discharging of the secondary battery, calculate a function for indicating a relationship between an open circuit voltage of the secondary battery and a state of charge of the secondary battery based on the calculated respective initial charge amounts and masses of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery, and estimate the correspondence relationship based on the function. 6. The charge control device according to claim 3, further comprising an upper limit value determiner that determines the upper limit value based on information on the secondary battery. 7. The charge control device according to claim 5, further comprising an upper limit value determiner configured to determine the upper limit value based on parameters calculated in the process of estimating the correspondence relationship. 8. The charge control device according to claim 6, further comprising a reference data acquirer configured to acquire, based on the information on the secondary battery, reference data for determining the upper limit value, wherein
the upper limit value determiner determines the upper limit value using the reference data. 9. A charge control method comprising:
starting charging a secondary battery; determining whether or not the secondary battery is being used in charging of the secondary battery; and stopping charging the secondary battery before the secondary battery is fully charged when it is determined that the secondary battery is being used. 10. A non-transitory computer readable medium having a program for causing a computer to execute:
starting charging a secondary battery; determining whether or not the secondary battery is being used in charging of the secondary battery; and stopping charging of the secondary battery before the secondary battery is fully charged when it is determined that the secondary battery is being used. 11. A control circuit comprising:
a charge controller configured to control charging of a secondary battery; and a determiner configured to determine whether or not the secondary battery is being used in charging of the secondary battery, wherein when it is determined that the secondary battery is being used, the charge controller stops charging the secondary battery before the secondary battery is fully charged. 12. A power storage system comprising:
a secondary battery; and a charge control device, wherein the charge control device comprises:
a charge controller configured to control charging of the secondary battery; and
a determiner configured to determine whether or not the secondary battery is being used in charging of the secondary battery, and
when it is determined that the secondary battery is being used, the charge controller stops charging the secondary battery before the secondary battery is fully charged. | A charge control device as an embodiment of the present invention includes a charge controller and a determiner. The charge controller controls charging of a secondary battery. The determiner determines whether or not the secondary battery is being used in charging of the secondary battery. When it is determined that the secondary battery is being used, the charge controller stops charging of the secondary battery before the secondary battery is fully charged.1. A charge control device comprising:
a charge controller configured to control charging of a secondary battery; and a determiner configured to determine whether or not the secondary battery is being used in charging of the secondary battery, wherein when it is determined that the secondary battery is being used, the charge controller stops charging of the secondary battery before the secondary battery is fully charged. 2. The charge control device according to claim 1, wherein
when it is determined that the secondary battery is not used after stopping charging of the secondary battery before the secondary battery is fully charged, the charge controller resumes charging of the secondary battery so that the secondary battery is fully charged. 3. The charge control device according to claim 1, further comprising a detector configured to detect that a state of charge of the secondary battery reaches an upper limit value, wherein
when it is determined that the secondary battery is being used, if it is detected that the state of charge of the secondary battery reaches an upper limit value, the charge controller stops charging of the secondary battery. 4. The charge control device according to claim 3, further comprising a measurer configured to generate measurement data at least indicating a voltage and current of the secondary battery in charging or discharging of the secondary battery, wherein
the detector detects that the state of charge of the secondary battery reaches the upper limit value from a value of a voltage and a value of a current indicated in the measurement data in charging of the secondary battery, using information on a correspondence relationship between each two of a voltage, a current and a state of charge of the secondary battery. 5. The charge control device according to claim 4, further comprising an estimator configured to:
calculate respective initial charge amounts and masses of a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the secondary battery based on measurement data in charging or discharging of the secondary battery, calculate a function for indicating a relationship between an open circuit voltage of the secondary battery and a state of charge of the secondary battery based on the calculated respective initial charge amounts and masses of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery, and estimate the correspondence relationship based on the function. 6. The charge control device according to claim 3, further comprising an upper limit value determiner that determines the upper limit value based on information on the secondary battery. 7. The charge control device according to claim 5, further comprising an upper limit value determiner configured to determine the upper limit value based on parameters calculated in the process of estimating the correspondence relationship. 8. The charge control device according to claim 6, further comprising a reference data acquirer configured to acquire, based on the information on the secondary battery, reference data for determining the upper limit value, wherein
the upper limit value determiner determines the upper limit value using the reference data. 9. A charge control method comprising:
starting charging a secondary battery; determining whether or not the secondary battery is being used in charging of the secondary battery; and stopping charging the secondary battery before the secondary battery is fully charged when it is determined that the secondary battery is being used. 10. A non-transitory computer readable medium having a program for causing a computer to execute:
starting charging a secondary battery; determining whether or not the secondary battery is being used in charging of the secondary battery; and stopping charging of the secondary battery before the secondary battery is fully charged when it is determined that the secondary battery is being used. 11. A control circuit comprising:
a charge controller configured to control charging of a secondary battery; and a determiner configured to determine whether or not the secondary battery is being used in charging of the secondary battery, wherein when it is determined that the secondary battery is being used, the charge controller stops charging the secondary battery before the secondary battery is fully charged. 12. A power storage system comprising:
a secondary battery; and a charge control device, wherein the charge control device comprises:
a charge controller configured to control charging of the secondary battery; and
a determiner configured to determine whether or not the secondary battery is being used in charging of the secondary battery, and
when it is determined that the secondary battery is being used, the charge controller stops charging the secondary battery before the secondary battery is fully charged. | 2,600 |
340,998 | 16,801,275 | 2,684 | According to an embodiment, an inference system includes a recurrent neural network circuit, an inference neural network, and a control circuit. The recurrent neural network circuit receives M input signals and outputs N intermediate signals, where M is an integer of 2 or more and N is an integer of 2 or more. The inference neural network circuit receives the N intermediate signals and outputs L output signals, where L is an integer of 2 or more. The control circuit adjusts a plurality of coefficients that are set to the recurrent neural network circuit and adjusts a plurality of coefficients that are set to the inference neural network circuit. The control circuit adjusts the coefficients set to the recurrent neural network circuit according to a total delay time period from timing for applying the M input signals until timing for firing the L output signals. | 1. A processing apparatus, comprising:
a recurrent neural network circuit that receives M first signals and outputs N second signals, M being an integer of 2 or more, N being an integer of 2 or more; and a control circuit that adjusts a plurality of coefficients that are set to the recurrent neural network circuit according to a first delay time period from timing for applying the M first signals until timing for firing the N second signals. 2. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the M first signals each represent a binary value and the N second signals each represent a binary value, the recurrent neural network circuit includes N product-sum operation circuits corresponding to the N second signals, with respect to each of the N product-sum operation circuits, M coefficients corresponding to the M first signals are set, if an ith first signal, for which i is an integer of 1 or more and M or less, among the M first signals is applied to the recurrent neural network circuit and the recurrent neural network circuit causes a jth second signal, for which j is an integer of 1 or more and N or less, among the N second signals to be fired, the control circuit adjusts, according to the first delay time period, a relative relationship between a target coefficient among the plurality of coefficients that are set to the recurrent neural network circuit and a coefficient group other than the target coefficient among the plurality of coefficients set to the recurrent neural network circuit, and the target coefficient is a coefficient that is multiplied by the ith first signal among the M coefficients set to the product-sum operation circuit that outputs the jth second signal among the N product-sum operation circuits included in the recurrent neural network circuit. 3. The processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the application timing is timing at which the ith first signal among the M first signals is applied to the recurrent neural network circuit, and the firing timing is timing, after the application timing, at which the jth second signal among the N second signals is initially fired. 4. The processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the N product-sum operation circuits each include a comparator that receives a voltage according to a value obtained by performing a product-sum operation with respect to the M first signals and the M coefficients that are set, binarizes the received voltage, and outputs a binarized signal as a corresponding second signal among the N second signals. 5. The processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein, if the first delay time period is shorter than a preset threshold value, the control circuit relatively reduces the target coefficient and relatively increases the coefficient group other than the target coefficient. 6. The processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, as the first delay time period shortens, the control circuit increases a relative reduction amount of the target coefficient and increases a relative increase amount of the coefficient group other than the target coefficient. 7. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the recurrent neural network circuit includes a first operation circuit that receives the M first signals and executes a neural network operation that outputs the N second signals, and a switching circuit, and
upon receipt of input data, the switching circuit
supplies the M first signals according to the input data to the first operation circuit, and
after supplying the M first signals according to the input data to the first operation circuit, supplies the N second signals to the first operation circuit as the M first signals. 8. The processing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
M=N. 9. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a coefficient memory that stores therein a plurality of digital coefficient values that correspond to the plurality of coefficients set to the recurrent neural network circuit, wherein the control circuit
adjusts the plurality of digital coefficient values stored in the coefficient memory according to the first delay time period, and
changes the plurality of coefficients set to the recurrent neural network circuit on the basis of the plurality of digital coefficient values stored in the coefficient memory. 10. The processing apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein the plurality of coefficients set to the recurrent neural network circuit are each represented by a first gradation number, and the plurality of digital coefficient values are each represented by a second gradation number that is greater than the first gradation number, the control circuit transforms each of the plurality of digital coefficient values to the first gradation number, and on the basis of the plurality of digital coefficient values represented by the first gradation number, the control circuit changes the plurality of coefficients set to the recurrent neural network circuit. 11. An inference system, comprising:
a recurrent neural network circuit that receives M input signals and outputs N intermediate signals, M being an integer of 2 or more, N being an integer of 2 or more; an inference neural network circuit that receives the N intermediate signals and outputs L output signals, L being an integer of 2 or more; and a control circuit that adjusts a plurality of coefficients set to the recurrent neural network circuit and a plurality of coefficients set to the inference neural network circuit, wherein the control circuit adjusts a plurality of coefficients set to the recurrent neural network circuit according to a total delay time period from timing for applying the M input signals until timing for firing the L output signals. 12. The inference system according to claim 11, wherein
the M input signals each represent a binary value, the N intermediate signals each represent a binary value, and the L output signals each represent a binary value, the recurrent neural network circuit includes N product-sum operation circuits corresponding to the N intermediate signals, with respect to each of the N product-sum operation circuits, M coefficients corresponding to the M input signals are set, if an ith input signal, for which i is an integer of 1 or more and M or less, among the M input signals is applied to the recurrent neural network circuit, the control circuit adjusts, according to the total delay time period, a relative relationship between an input coefficient group set to the recurrent neural network circuit and a coefficient group other than the input coefficient group set to the recurrent neural network circuit, and the input coefficient group is a coefficient group that is multiplied by the ith input signal among the plurality of coefficients set to the recurrent neural network circuit. 13. The inference system according to claim 12, wherein
the N product-sum operation circuits each include a comparator, which receives a voltage according to a value obtained by performing a product-sum operation with respect to the M input signals and the set M coefficients, binarizes the received voltage, and outputs a binarized signal as the corresponding intermediate signal among the N intermediate signals. 14. The inference system according to claim 13, wherein,
if the total delay time period is longer than a preset threshold value, the control circuit relatively increases the input coefficient group and relatively reduces the coefficient group other than the input coefficient group. 15. The inference system according to claim 14, wherein,
as the total delay time period increases, the control circuit increases a relative increase amount of the input coefficient group and increases a relative reduction amount of the coefficient group other than the input coefficient group. 16. The inference system according to claim 12, wherein,
if the ith input signal is applied to the recurrent neural network circuit and the recurrent neural network circuit causes a jth intermediate signal, for which j is an integer of 1 or more and N or less, among the N intermediate signals to be fired, the control circuit adjusts, according to the first delay time period from timing for applying the M input signals until timing for firing the N intermediate signals, a relative relationship between a target coefficient among a plurality of coefficients set to the recurrent neural network circuit and a coefficient group other than the target coefficient, and the target coefficient is a coefficient that is multiplied by the ith input signal among the M coefficients set to a product-sum operation circuit that outputs the jth output signal among the N product-sum operation circuits included in the recurrent neural network circuit. 17. The inference system according to claim 12, wherein
the inference neural network circuit includes L product-sum operation circuits corresponding to the L output signals, with respect to each of the L product-sum operation circuits, N coefficients corresponding to the N intermediate signals are set, if the Mth input signal according to training data is applied to the recurrent neural network circuit and the inference neural network circuit causes a kth output signal, for which k is an integer of 1 or more and L or less and which is indicated in teaching data among the L output signals, to be fired,
the control circuit adjusts, according to a second delay time period from timing for applying the M input signals or timing for applying the N intermediate signals until timing for firing the L output signals, a relative relationship between an output coefficient group among the plurality of coefficients that are set to the inference neural network circuit and a coefficient group other than the output coefficient group among the plurality of coefficients set to the inference neural network circuit, and
the output coefficient group is the N coefficients set to the product-sum operation circuit that outputs the kth output signal among the L product-sum operation circuits included in the inference neural network circuit. 18. The inference system according to claim 17, wherein,
if the second delay time period is longer than a preset threshold value, the control circuit relatively increases the output coefficient group and relatively reduces the coefficient group other than the output coefficient group, and as the second delay time period increases, the control circuit increases a relative increase amount of the output coefficient group and increases a relative reduction amount of the coefficient group other than the output coefficient group. 19. The inference system according to claim 17, wherein,
if the M input signals according to the training data are supplied to the recurrent neural network circuit, the control circuit adjusts a plurality of coefficients set to the inference neural network circuit so that the output signal indicated in the teaching data among the L output signals is fired. 20. The inference system according to claim 11, wherein
the inference neural network circuit includes
a second operation circuit that receives the N intermediate signals and executes a neural network operation that outputs L signals, and an output circuit that generates the L output signals corresponding to the L signals that are output from the second operation circuit, and
the output circuit causes each of the L output signals to be fired according to a firing pattern for a corresponding signal among the L signals. | According to an embodiment, an inference system includes a recurrent neural network circuit, an inference neural network, and a control circuit. The recurrent neural network circuit receives M input signals and outputs N intermediate signals, where M is an integer of 2 or more and N is an integer of 2 or more. The inference neural network circuit receives the N intermediate signals and outputs L output signals, where L is an integer of 2 or more. The control circuit adjusts a plurality of coefficients that are set to the recurrent neural network circuit and adjusts a plurality of coefficients that are set to the inference neural network circuit. The control circuit adjusts the coefficients set to the recurrent neural network circuit according to a total delay time period from timing for applying the M input signals until timing for firing the L output signals.1. A processing apparatus, comprising:
a recurrent neural network circuit that receives M first signals and outputs N second signals, M being an integer of 2 or more, N being an integer of 2 or more; and a control circuit that adjusts a plurality of coefficients that are set to the recurrent neural network circuit according to a first delay time period from timing for applying the M first signals until timing for firing the N second signals. 2. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the M first signals each represent a binary value and the N second signals each represent a binary value, the recurrent neural network circuit includes N product-sum operation circuits corresponding to the N second signals, with respect to each of the N product-sum operation circuits, M coefficients corresponding to the M first signals are set, if an ith first signal, for which i is an integer of 1 or more and M or less, among the M first signals is applied to the recurrent neural network circuit and the recurrent neural network circuit causes a jth second signal, for which j is an integer of 1 or more and N or less, among the N second signals to be fired, the control circuit adjusts, according to the first delay time period, a relative relationship between a target coefficient among the plurality of coefficients that are set to the recurrent neural network circuit and a coefficient group other than the target coefficient among the plurality of coefficients set to the recurrent neural network circuit, and the target coefficient is a coefficient that is multiplied by the ith first signal among the M coefficients set to the product-sum operation circuit that outputs the jth second signal among the N product-sum operation circuits included in the recurrent neural network circuit. 3. The processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the application timing is timing at which the ith first signal among the M first signals is applied to the recurrent neural network circuit, and the firing timing is timing, after the application timing, at which the jth second signal among the N second signals is initially fired. 4. The processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the N product-sum operation circuits each include a comparator that receives a voltage according to a value obtained by performing a product-sum operation with respect to the M first signals and the M coefficients that are set, binarizes the received voltage, and outputs a binarized signal as a corresponding second signal among the N second signals. 5. The processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein, if the first delay time period is shorter than a preset threshold value, the control circuit relatively reduces the target coefficient and relatively increases the coefficient group other than the target coefficient. 6. The processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, as the first delay time period shortens, the control circuit increases a relative reduction amount of the target coefficient and increases a relative increase amount of the coefficient group other than the target coefficient. 7. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the recurrent neural network circuit includes a first operation circuit that receives the M first signals and executes a neural network operation that outputs the N second signals, and a switching circuit, and
upon receipt of input data, the switching circuit
supplies the M first signals according to the input data to the first operation circuit, and
after supplying the M first signals according to the input data to the first operation circuit, supplies the N second signals to the first operation circuit as the M first signals. 8. The processing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein
M=N. 9. The processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a coefficient memory that stores therein a plurality of digital coefficient values that correspond to the plurality of coefficients set to the recurrent neural network circuit, wherein the control circuit
adjusts the plurality of digital coefficient values stored in the coefficient memory according to the first delay time period, and
changes the plurality of coefficients set to the recurrent neural network circuit on the basis of the plurality of digital coefficient values stored in the coefficient memory. 10. The processing apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein the plurality of coefficients set to the recurrent neural network circuit are each represented by a first gradation number, and the plurality of digital coefficient values are each represented by a second gradation number that is greater than the first gradation number, the control circuit transforms each of the plurality of digital coefficient values to the first gradation number, and on the basis of the plurality of digital coefficient values represented by the first gradation number, the control circuit changes the plurality of coefficients set to the recurrent neural network circuit. 11. An inference system, comprising:
a recurrent neural network circuit that receives M input signals and outputs N intermediate signals, M being an integer of 2 or more, N being an integer of 2 or more; an inference neural network circuit that receives the N intermediate signals and outputs L output signals, L being an integer of 2 or more; and a control circuit that adjusts a plurality of coefficients set to the recurrent neural network circuit and a plurality of coefficients set to the inference neural network circuit, wherein the control circuit adjusts a plurality of coefficients set to the recurrent neural network circuit according to a total delay time period from timing for applying the M input signals until timing for firing the L output signals. 12. The inference system according to claim 11, wherein
the M input signals each represent a binary value, the N intermediate signals each represent a binary value, and the L output signals each represent a binary value, the recurrent neural network circuit includes N product-sum operation circuits corresponding to the N intermediate signals, with respect to each of the N product-sum operation circuits, M coefficients corresponding to the M input signals are set, if an ith input signal, for which i is an integer of 1 or more and M or less, among the M input signals is applied to the recurrent neural network circuit, the control circuit adjusts, according to the total delay time period, a relative relationship between an input coefficient group set to the recurrent neural network circuit and a coefficient group other than the input coefficient group set to the recurrent neural network circuit, and the input coefficient group is a coefficient group that is multiplied by the ith input signal among the plurality of coefficients set to the recurrent neural network circuit. 13. The inference system according to claim 12, wherein
the N product-sum operation circuits each include a comparator, which receives a voltage according to a value obtained by performing a product-sum operation with respect to the M input signals and the set M coefficients, binarizes the received voltage, and outputs a binarized signal as the corresponding intermediate signal among the N intermediate signals. 14. The inference system according to claim 13, wherein,
if the total delay time period is longer than a preset threshold value, the control circuit relatively increases the input coefficient group and relatively reduces the coefficient group other than the input coefficient group. 15. The inference system according to claim 14, wherein,
as the total delay time period increases, the control circuit increases a relative increase amount of the input coefficient group and increases a relative reduction amount of the coefficient group other than the input coefficient group. 16. The inference system according to claim 12, wherein,
if the ith input signal is applied to the recurrent neural network circuit and the recurrent neural network circuit causes a jth intermediate signal, for which j is an integer of 1 or more and N or less, among the N intermediate signals to be fired, the control circuit adjusts, according to the first delay time period from timing for applying the M input signals until timing for firing the N intermediate signals, a relative relationship between a target coefficient among a plurality of coefficients set to the recurrent neural network circuit and a coefficient group other than the target coefficient, and the target coefficient is a coefficient that is multiplied by the ith input signal among the M coefficients set to a product-sum operation circuit that outputs the jth output signal among the N product-sum operation circuits included in the recurrent neural network circuit. 17. The inference system according to claim 12, wherein
the inference neural network circuit includes L product-sum operation circuits corresponding to the L output signals, with respect to each of the L product-sum operation circuits, N coefficients corresponding to the N intermediate signals are set, if the Mth input signal according to training data is applied to the recurrent neural network circuit and the inference neural network circuit causes a kth output signal, for which k is an integer of 1 or more and L or less and which is indicated in teaching data among the L output signals, to be fired,
the control circuit adjusts, according to a second delay time period from timing for applying the M input signals or timing for applying the N intermediate signals until timing for firing the L output signals, a relative relationship between an output coefficient group among the plurality of coefficients that are set to the inference neural network circuit and a coefficient group other than the output coefficient group among the plurality of coefficients set to the inference neural network circuit, and
the output coefficient group is the N coefficients set to the product-sum operation circuit that outputs the kth output signal among the L product-sum operation circuits included in the inference neural network circuit. 18. The inference system according to claim 17, wherein,
if the second delay time period is longer than a preset threshold value, the control circuit relatively increases the output coefficient group and relatively reduces the coefficient group other than the output coefficient group, and as the second delay time period increases, the control circuit increases a relative increase amount of the output coefficient group and increases a relative reduction amount of the coefficient group other than the output coefficient group. 19. The inference system according to claim 17, wherein,
if the M input signals according to the training data are supplied to the recurrent neural network circuit, the control circuit adjusts a plurality of coefficients set to the inference neural network circuit so that the output signal indicated in the teaching data among the L output signals is fired. 20. The inference system according to claim 11, wherein
the inference neural network circuit includes
a second operation circuit that receives the N intermediate signals and executes a neural network operation that outputs L signals, and an output circuit that generates the L output signals corresponding to the L signals that are output from the second operation circuit, and
the output circuit causes each of the L output signals to be fired according to a firing pattern for a corresponding signal among the L signals. | 2,600 |
340,999 | 16,801,285 | 2,684 | A cash handling machine comprising: a cash handling mechanism for receiving physical articles including cash, sensing equipment for sensing the articles, processing equipment processors, and memory storing code arranged to run on the processing equipment. The code comprises multiple neural networks arranged in a series ordered from first to last, each trained to classify which of a respective set of classes the articles belong to based on the sensed data. The set of classes of each respective neural network comprises a different respective subset of one or more respective recognized classes classifying a respective one or more types of cash recognised by the respective neural network, and further comprising an unrecognized class into which all other articles other than the respective recognized types are classified. For each article, the code starts with the first neural network in the series, using each network in turn to try to recognize the article. | 1. A cash handling machine comprising:
a cash handling mechanism for receiving physical articles including cash; sensing equipment comprising one or more sensors arranged to sense one or more properties of each of the articles received by the cash handling mechanism; processing equipment comprising one or more processors, the processing equipment being arranged to receive corresponding sensor data from the sensing equipment indicative of the sensed properties of each of the received articles; and memory comprising one or more memory devices, the memory storing code arranged to run on the processing equipment; wherein the code comprises a plurality of neural networks arranged in a series ordered from first to last, each trained to classify which of a respective set of classes the articles belong to based on the corresponding sensor data, the set of classes of each respective neural network comprising a different respective subset of one or more respective recognized classes classifying a respective one or more types of cash recognised by the respective neural network, and further comprising an unrecognized class into which all other articles other than the respective recognized types are classified; and wherein the code is configured so as, when run on the processing equipment, then for each of the articles received by the cash handling mechanism to perform the following algorithm starting with the first neural network in the series: i) use the neural network to classify the article into one of the respective set of classes based on the corresponding sensor data; then ii) if the classification determined in i) is one of the respective recognized classes, control the cash handling mechanism to accept the article, or do so subject to one or more further tests; but iii) if the classification in i) is the unrecognized class, then if the neural network is not the last in the series repeat i)-iii) with the next neural network in the series, but if the neural network is the last in the series control the cash handling mechanism to reject the article. 2. The cash handling machine of claim 1, wherein ii) comprises:
ii) if the classification determined in i) is one of the respective recognized classes, then check whether the article passes the one or more further tests, and if so control the cash handling mechanism to accept the article by sending the article to a first destination, but if not control the cash handling mechanism to send to the article to a second destination different than the first. 3. The cash handling machine of claim 2, wherein said one or more further tests comprise one or both of:
an authentication to authenticate whether the article recognized as cash is genuine cash, and/or a fitness test to determine whether a physical condition of the cash is fit. 4. The cash handling machine of claim 1, wherein the one or more types of cash recognized by each of the respective neural networks consist of one or more denominations of a respective currency, the respective currencies of at least some of the neural networks being different than one another. 5. The cash handling machine of claim 4, wherein within each of the neural networks, the one or more types of cash recognized by that neural network consist of one or more denominations of only a single respective currency. 6. The cash handling machine of claim 4, wherein the types of cash recognized by each of the neural networks consists of a plurality of denominations of the respective currency. 7. The cash handling machine of claim 1, wherein the types of cash recognized by at least one of the neural networks comprise different design variants of the same denomination. 8. The cash handling machine of claim 1, wherein the cash comprises banknotes. 9. The cash handling machine of claim 1, wherein the one or more sensors comprise at least one image sensor arranged to capture one or more images of each of the received articles, the corresponding sensor data comprising image data representing the one or more captured images. 10. The cash handling machine of claim 9, wherein at least one of the neural networks comprises a convolutional neural network trained to perform said classifying based on the image data. 11. The cash handling machine of claim 1, wherein the cash handling machine is deployed in a target location, and the ordering of the stages in said series is in order of likelihood of the respective types of cash being received by the cash-handling machine at the target location. 12. A computer-implemented method comprising:
receive corresponding sensor data indicative of one or more sensed properties of each of a plurality of received articles including cash; implementing a plurality of neural networks arranged in a series ordered from first to last, each trained to classify which of a respective set of classes the articles belong to based on the corresponding sensor data, the set of classes of each neural network comprising a different respective subset of one or more respective recognized classes classifying a respective one or more recognized types of cash, and further comprising an unrecognized class into which all other articles other than the respective recognized types are classified; and performing the following algorithm starting with the first neural network in the series: i) use the neural network to classify the article into one of the respective set of classes based on the corresponding sensor data; then ii) if the class determined in i) is one of the respective recognized classes, control a cash handling mechanism to accept the article, or do so subject to one or more further tests; but iii) if the class determined in i) is the unrecognized class, then if the neural network is not the last in the series repeat i)-iii) with the next neural network in the series, but if the neural network is the last in the series control the cash handling mechanism to send the article to reject the article. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein ii) comprises:
ii) if the classification determined in i) is one of the recognized classes, then check whether the article passes the one or more further tests, and if so control the cash handling mechanism to accept the article by sending the article to a first destination, but if not control the cash handling mechanism to send to the article to a second destination different then the first; and preferably wherein said one or more further tests comprises one or both of:
an authentication to authenticate whether the article recognized as cash is genuine cash, and/or
a fitness test to determine whether a physical condition of the cash is fit 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more types of cash recognized by each of the respective neural networks consist of one or more denominations of a respective currency, the respective currencies of at least some of the neural networks being different than one another. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein within each of the neural networks, the one or more types of cash recognized by that neural network consist of one or more denominations of only a single currency and preferably wherein the types of cash recognized by each of the neural networks consists of a plurality of denominations of the respective currency. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the types of cash recognized by at least one of the neural networks comprise different design variants of the same denomination. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the cash comprises banknotes, preferably wherein the one or more sensors comprise an image sensor arranged to capture an image of each of the received articles, the corresponding sensor data comprising image data representing the captured image and preferably wherein at least one of the neural networks comprises a convolutional neural network trained to perform said classifying based on the image data. 18. A computer program embodied on computer-readable storage and configured so as when run on one or more processors to perform the method of claim 12. 19. A method of training a plurality of neural networks to classify articles including cash, the method comprising:
training each of the neural networks to classify which of a respective set of classes the articles belong to based on corresponding sensor data, indicative of one or more sensed properties of each article, wherein the set of classes of each respective neural network comprises a different respective subset of one or more respective recognized classes classifying a respective one or more types of cash recognised by the respective neural network, and further comprises an unrecognized class into which all other articles other than the respective recognized types are classified; and arranging the neural networks in a series ordered from first to last so as to perform the following algorithm starting with the first neural network in the series: i) use the neural network to classify the article into one of the respective set of classes based on the corresponding sensor data; then ii) if the class determined in i) is one of the respective recognized classes, control a cash handling mechanism to accept the article, or do so subject to one or more further tests; but iii) if the class determined in i) is the unrecognized class, then if the neural network is not the last in the series repeat i)-iii) with the next neural network in the series, but if the neural network is the last in the series control the cash handling mechanism to send the article to reject the article. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the ordering of the stages in said series is in order of likelihood of the respective types of cash being received by the cash-handling machine at a target location. | A cash handling machine comprising: a cash handling mechanism for receiving physical articles including cash, sensing equipment for sensing the articles, processing equipment processors, and memory storing code arranged to run on the processing equipment. The code comprises multiple neural networks arranged in a series ordered from first to last, each trained to classify which of a respective set of classes the articles belong to based on the sensed data. The set of classes of each respective neural network comprises a different respective subset of one or more respective recognized classes classifying a respective one or more types of cash recognised by the respective neural network, and further comprising an unrecognized class into which all other articles other than the respective recognized types are classified. For each article, the code starts with the first neural network in the series, using each network in turn to try to recognize the article.1. A cash handling machine comprising:
a cash handling mechanism for receiving physical articles including cash; sensing equipment comprising one or more sensors arranged to sense one or more properties of each of the articles received by the cash handling mechanism; processing equipment comprising one or more processors, the processing equipment being arranged to receive corresponding sensor data from the sensing equipment indicative of the sensed properties of each of the received articles; and memory comprising one or more memory devices, the memory storing code arranged to run on the processing equipment; wherein the code comprises a plurality of neural networks arranged in a series ordered from first to last, each trained to classify which of a respective set of classes the articles belong to based on the corresponding sensor data, the set of classes of each respective neural network comprising a different respective subset of one or more respective recognized classes classifying a respective one or more types of cash recognised by the respective neural network, and further comprising an unrecognized class into which all other articles other than the respective recognized types are classified; and wherein the code is configured so as, when run on the processing equipment, then for each of the articles received by the cash handling mechanism to perform the following algorithm starting with the first neural network in the series: i) use the neural network to classify the article into one of the respective set of classes based on the corresponding sensor data; then ii) if the classification determined in i) is one of the respective recognized classes, control the cash handling mechanism to accept the article, or do so subject to one or more further tests; but iii) if the classification in i) is the unrecognized class, then if the neural network is not the last in the series repeat i)-iii) with the next neural network in the series, but if the neural network is the last in the series control the cash handling mechanism to reject the article. 2. The cash handling machine of claim 1, wherein ii) comprises:
ii) if the classification determined in i) is one of the respective recognized classes, then check whether the article passes the one or more further tests, and if so control the cash handling mechanism to accept the article by sending the article to a first destination, but if not control the cash handling mechanism to send to the article to a second destination different than the first. 3. The cash handling machine of claim 2, wherein said one or more further tests comprise one or both of:
an authentication to authenticate whether the article recognized as cash is genuine cash, and/or a fitness test to determine whether a physical condition of the cash is fit. 4. The cash handling machine of claim 1, wherein the one or more types of cash recognized by each of the respective neural networks consist of one or more denominations of a respective currency, the respective currencies of at least some of the neural networks being different than one another. 5. The cash handling machine of claim 4, wherein within each of the neural networks, the one or more types of cash recognized by that neural network consist of one or more denominations of only a single respective currency. 6. The cash handling machine of claim 4, wherein the types of cash recognized by each of the neural networks consists of a plurality of denominations of the respective currency. 7. The cash handling machine of claim 1, wherein the types of cash recognized by at least one of the neural networks comprise different design variants of the same denomination. 8. The cash handling machine of claim 1, wherein the cash comprises banknotes. 9. The cash handling machine of claim 1, wherein the one or more sensors comprise at least one image sensor arranged to capture one or more images of each of the received articles, the corresponding sensor data comprising image data representing the one or more captured images. 10. The cash handling machine of claim 9, wherein at least one of the neural networks comprises a convolutional neural network trained to perform said classifying based on the image data. 11. The cash handling machine of claim 1, wherein the cash handling machine is deployed in a target location, and the ordering of the stages in said series is in order of likelihood of the respective types of cash being received by the cash-handling machine at the target location. 12. A computer-implemented method comprising:
receive corresponding sensor data indicative of one or more sensed properties of each of a plurality of received articles including cash; implementing a plurality of neural networks arranged in a series ordered from first to last, each trained to classify which of a respective set of classes the articles belong to based on the corresponding sensor data, the set of classes of each neural network comprising a different respective subset of one or more respective recognized classes classifying a respective one or more recognized types of cash, and further comprising an unrecognized class into which all other articles other than the respective recognized types are classified; and performing the following algorithm starting with the first neural network in the series: i) use the neural network to classify the article into one of the respective set of classes based on the corresponding sensor data; then ii) if the class determined in i) is one of the respective recognized classes, control a cash handling mechanism to accept the article, or do so subject to one or more further tests; but iii) if the class determined in i) is the unrecognized class, then if the neural network is not the last in the series repeat i)-iii) with the next neural network in the series, but if the neural network is the last in the series control the cash handling mechanism to send the article to reject the article. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein ii) comprises:
ii) if the classification determined in i) is one of the recognized classes, then check whether the article passes the one or more further tests, and if so control the cash handling mechanism to accept the article by sending the article to a first destination, but if not control the cash handling mechanism to send to the article to a second destination different then the first; and preferably wherein said one or more further tests comprises one or both of:
an authentication to authenticate whether the article recognized as cash is genuine cash, and/or
a fitness test to determine whether a physical condition of the cash is fit 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more types of cash recognized by each of the respective neural networks consist of one or more denominations of a respective currency, the respective currencies of at least some of the neural networks being different than one another. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein within each of the neural networks, the one or more types of cash recognized by that neural network consist of one or more denominations of only a single currency and preferably wherein the types of cash recognized by each of the neural networks consists of a plurality of denominations of the respective currency. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the types of cash recognized by at least one of the neural networks comprise different design variants of the same denomination. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the cash comprises banknotes, preferably wherein the one or more sensors comprise an image sensor arranged to capture an image of each of the received articles, the corresponding sensor data comprising image data representing the captured image and preferably wherein at least one of the neural networks comprises a convolutional neural network trained to perform said classifying based on the image data. 18. A computer program embodied on computer-readable storage and configured so as when run on one or more processors to perform the method of claim 12. 19. A method of training a plurality of neural networks to classify articles including cash, the method comprising:
training each of the neural networks to classify which of a respective set of classes the articles belong to based on corresponding sensor data, indicative of one or more sensed properties of each article, wherein the set of classes of each respective neural network comprises a different respective subset of one or more respective recognized classes classifying a respective one or more types of cash recognised by the respective neural network, and further comprises an unrecognized class into which all other articles other than the respective recognized types are classified; and arranging the neural networks in a series ordered from first to last so as to perform the following algorithm starting with the first neural network in the series: i) use the neural network to classify the article into one of the respective set of classes based on the corresponding sensor data; then ii) if the class determined in i) is one of the respective recognized classes, control a cash handling mechanism to accept the article, or do so subject to one or more further tests; but iii) if the class determined in i) is the unrecognized class, then if the neural network is not the last in the series repeat i)-iii) with the next neural network in the series, but if the neural network is the last in the series control the cash handling mechanism to send the article to reject the article. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the ordering of the stages in said series is in order of likelihood of the respective types of cash being received by the cash-handling machine at a target location. | 2,600 |
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