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340,700 | 16,642,163 | 2,641 | The present invention relates to a dental composition comprising a photoinitiator system comprising a particulate carrier supporting a coinitiator covalently bonded to the surface of the carrier. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a use of the particulate carrier in a dental composition. | 1. A dental composition comprising
(a) a compound having a polymerizable double bond, (b) a photoinitiator system comprising
(b1) a photosensitizer absorbing light in the range of from 400 to 800 nm, and
(b2) a particulate carrier supporting a coinitiator covalently bonded to the surface of the carrier, wherein the coinitiator is selected from a compound having a tertiary amino group and/or a compound having a tertiary phosphino group; wherein the particulate carrier displays multiple covalently bonded tertiary amino groups and/or tertiary phosphine groups on the surface, for crosslinking monomers, oligomers and/or polymers having one or more polymerizable double bonds;
wherein the covalently bonded tertiary amino groups and/or tertiary phosphine groups are selected from moieties of the following formulae (I) and (II): 2. The dental composition according to claim 1, wherein the particulate carrier is selected from a microparticle or a nanoparticle. 3. The dental composition according to claim 1, wherein the photosensitizer is a 1,2-diketone compound. 4. The dental composition according to claim 1, wherein the particulate carrier is a microparticle or nanoparticle comprising silica, alumina, zirconia, titania, or a mixture thereof. 5. The dental composition according to claim 4, wherein the nanoparticle has an average particle size of from 1 to 50 nm. 6. The dental composition according to claim 4, wherein the nanoparticle has a density of covalently bonded tertiary amino groups and/or tertiary phosphine group of from 0.1 to 100 groups per nm2. 7. The dental composition according to 16, wherein the polycondensate is obtained by
(i) hydrolysing a mixture containing
(A) a silica precursor component, and optionally
(B) one or more compounds selected from the group consisting compounds of aluminum, zinc, titanium, zirconium, tungsten, ytterbium, hafnium, bismuth, barium, strontium, silver, tantalum, lanthanum, tin, boron, and cerium;
(ii) converting the silica precursor component (A) and the optionally compounds (B) into a particulate oxide having an average particle size of from 1 to 50 nm; (iii) treating the particulate oxide with a silane treatment agent having one or more covalently bonded tertiary amino groups or tertiary phosphine groups for obtaining the polycondensate displaying multiple covalently bonded tertiary amino groups or tertiary phosphine groups on the surface. 8. (canceled) 9. The dental composition according to claim 1, wherein in formula (I) or (II), L is a divalent linker group of formula (III) 10. The dental composition according to claim 1, wherein the dental composition is selected from the group consisting of dental glass ionomer cement, a dental cement, a dental adhesive composition, a dental bonding agent, a dental primer, a dental infiltrant, a pit and fissure sealant, a dental desensitizing composition, a pulp capping composition, a dental composite, and a sealing and protecting composition for naked tooth necks. 11. The dental composition according to claim 10, wherein the dental composition further comprises
(c) a reactive particulate filler, and (d) a polyacidic polymer which is reactive with the reactive particulate filler in a cement reaction. 12. The dental composition according to claim 1, wherein (a) the compound having a polymerizable double bond is selected from
(a1) a water-soluble, hydrolysis-stable monomer having a single polymerizable double bond and optionally a carboxylic acid group or hydroxyl group; and (a2) a water-soluble, hydrolysis-stable polymerizable crosslinker having at least two polymerizable carbon-carbon double bonds. 13. A method of forming a dental composition, the method comprising:
polymerizing a compound having a polymerizable double bond with a photosensitizer absorbing light in the range of from 400 to 800 nm and a particulate carrier displaying multiple covalently bonded tertiary amino groups and/or tertiary phosphine groups on the surface, wherein the covalently bonded tertiary amino groups and/or tertiary phosphine groups are selected from moieties of the following formulae (I) and (II): 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the particulate carrier is a nanoparticle or a microparticle. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the particulate carrier is a polycondensate. 16. The dental composition according to claim 2, wherein the nanoparticle is a polycondensate. 17. The dental composition according to claim 4, wherein the microparticle has an average particle size of from 0.05 to 50 μm | The present invention relates to a dental composition comprising a photoinitiator system comprising a particulate carrier supporting a coinitiator covalently bonded to the surface of the carrier. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a use of the particulate carrier in a dental composition.1. A dental composition comprising
(a) a compound having a polymerizable double bond, (b) a photoinitiator system comprising
(b1) a photosensitizer absorbing light in the range of from 400 to 800 nm, and
(b2) a particulate carrier supporting a coinitiator covalently bonded to the surface of the carrier, wherein the coinitiator is selected from a compound having a tertiary amino group and/or a compound having a tertiary phosphino group; wherein the particulate carrier displays multiple covalently bonded tertiary amino groups and/or tertiary phosphine groups on the surface, for crosslinking monomers, oligomers and/or polymers having one or more polymerizable double bonds;
wherein the covalently bonded tertiary amino groups and/or tertiary phosphine groups are selected from moieties of the following formulae (I) and (II): 2. The dental composition according to claim 1, wherein the particulate carrier is selected from a microparticle or a nanoparticle. 3. The dental composition according to claim 1, wherein the photosensitizer is a 1,2-diketone compound. 4. The dental composition according to claim 1, wherein the particulate carrier is a microparticle or nanoparticle comprising silica, alumina, zirconia, titania, or a mixture thereof. 5. The dental composition according to claim 4, wherein the nanoparticle has an average particle size of from 1 to 50 nm. 6. The dental composition according to claim 4, wherein the nanoparticle has a density of covalently bonded tertiary amino groups and/or tertiary phosphine group of from 0.1 to 100 groups per nm2. 7. The dental composition according to 16, wherein the polycondensate is obtained by
(i) hydrolysing a mixture containing
(A) a silica precursor component, and optionally
(B) one or more compounds selected from the group consisting compounds of aluminum, zinc, titanium, zirconium, tungsten, ytterbium, hafnium, bismuth, barium, strontium, silver, tantalum, lanthanum, tin, boron, and cerium;
(ii) converting the silica precursor component (A) and the optionally compounds (B) into a particulate oxide having an average particle size of from 1 to 50 nm; (iii) treating the particulate oxide with a silane treatment agent having one or more covalently bonded tertiary amino groups or tertiary phosphine groups for obtaining the polycondensate displaying multiple covalently bonded tertiary amino groups or tertiary phosphine groups on the surface. 8. (canceled) 9. The dental composition according to claim 1, wherein in formula (I) or (II), L is a divalent linker group of formula (III) 10. The dental composition according to claim 1, wherein the dental composition is selected from the group consisting of dental glass ionomer cement, a dental cement, a dental adhesive composition, a dental bonding agent, a dental primer, a dental infiltrant, a pit and fissure sealant, a dental desensitizing composition, a pulp capping composition, a dental composite, and a sealing and protecting composition for naked tooth necks. 11. The dental composition according to claim 10, wherein the dental composition further comprises
(c) a reactive particulate filler, and (d) a polyacidic polymer which is reactive with the reactive particulate filler in a cement reaction. 12. The dental composition according to claim 1, wherein (a) the compound having a polymerizable double bond is selected from
(a1) a water-soluble, hydrolysis-stable monomer having a single polymerizable double bond and optionally a carboxylic acid group or hydroxyl group; and (a2) a water-soluble, hydrolysis-stable polymerizable crosslinker having at least two polymerizable carbon-carbon double bonds. 13. A method of forming a dental composition, the method comprising:
polymerizing a compound having a polymerizable double bond with a photosensitizer absorbing light in the range of from 400 to 800 nm and a particulate carrier displaying multiple covalently bonded tertiary amino groups and/or tertiary phosphine groups on the surface, wherein the covalently bonded tertiary amino groups and/or tertiary phosphine groups are selected from moieties of the following formulae (I) and (II): 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the particulate carrier is a nanoparticle or a microparticle. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the particulate carrier is a polycondensate. 16. The dental composition according to claim 2, wherein the nanoparticle is a polycondensate. 17. The dental composition according to claim 4, wherein the microparticle has an average particle size of from 0.05 to 50 μm | 2,600 |
340,701 | 16,642,142 | 2,641 | The application relates to a backing pad arrangement suitable for an abrading system. The backing pad arrangement comprises a backing pad (413, 513, 523), and an additional layer (418, 518, 528) or an abrading article (417, 527) adapted to be attached to the backing pad (413, 513, 523) with at least one fixing member (319, 419, 519, 529), which at least one fixing member (319, 419, 519, 529) is hollow in its longitudinal direction. The application further relates to the abrading system comprising the backing pad arrangement according to the application. | 1. A backing pad arrangement for an abrading system, the backing pad arrangement comprising a backing pad, wherein a lower surface of the backing pad comprises at least one opening, wherein the at least one opening is adapted to receive a fixing member, and the backing pad arrangement further comprises:
an additional layer adapted to be attached to the backing pad, which additional layer comprises an upper surface, a lower surface and at least one opening which extends through the additional layer, and the additional layer is attached to the backing pad with at least one fixing member, wherein the at least one fixing member is hollow in its longitudinal direction in order to transport debris with air through the at least one fixing member. 2. The backing pad arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the additional layer is attached to the backing pad with two or more fixing members. 3. The backing pad arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the additional layer is attached to the backing pad with one fixing member arranged in the center of the backing pad. 4. The backing pad arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the fixing member is of screw-, snap hook- or expanding type. 5. The backing pad arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the backing pad comprises at least one air inlet conduit for conducting air to an abrading surface. 6. The backing pad arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the additional layer comprises a soft intermediate layer between the upper surface and the lower surface of the additional layer. 7. The backing pad arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the lower surface of the additional layer comprises abrasive particles. 8. The backing pad arrangement according to claim 1, further comprising an abrading article adapted to be attached to the additional layer. 9. The backing pad arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the backing pad comprises a suction conduit formed by the at least one opening of the additional layer and an additional opening of a cover plate of the backing pad. 10. An abrading system comprising an abrading apparatus, wherein the abrading system further comprises a backing pad arrangement according to claim 1. 11. The abrading system according to claim 10, wherein the abrading system comprises a debris extractor system adapted to provide suction pressure and to remove debris formed during abrading work. 12. The abrading system according to claim 11, wherein the debris extractor system is arranged to guide debris away from the additional layer and the abrading surface. 13. The abrading system according to claim 11, wherein the debris extractor system is adapted to guide debris via at least one of the following:
the additional layer, the abrading article, the backing pad, the fixing member(s), opening(s) of the additional layer, opening(s) of the abrading article, and opening(s) of a cover plate of the backing pad. 14. The abrading system according to claim 10, wherein
opening(s) of the additional layer, and opening(s) of the cover plate of the backing pad are connected in order to form conduit(s). | The application relates to a backing pad arrangement suitable for an abrading system. The backing pad arrangement comprises a backing pad (413, 513, 523), and an additional layer (418, 518, 528) or an abrading article (417, 527) adapted to be attached to the backing pad (413, 513, 523) with at least one fixing member (319, 419, 519, 529), which at least one fixing member (319, 419, 519, 529) is hollow in its longitudinal direction. The application further relates to the abrading system comprising the backing pad arrangement according to the application.1. A backing pad arrangement for an abrading system, the backing pad arrangement comprising a backing pad, wherein a lower surface of the backing pad comprises at least one opening, wherein the at least one opening is adapted to receive a fixing member, and the backing pad arrangement further comprises:
an additional layer adapted to be attached to the backing pad, which additional layer comprises an upper surface, a lower surface and at least one opening which extends through the additional layer, and the additional layer is attached to the backing pad with at least one fixing member, wherein the at least one fixing member is hollow in its longitudinal direction in order to transport debris with air through the at least one fixing member. 2. The backing pad arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the additional layer is attached to the backing pad with two or more fixing members. 3. The backing pad arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the additional layer is attached to the backing pad with one fixing member arranged in the center of the backing pad. 4. The backing pad arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the fixing member is of screw-, snap hook- or expanding type. 5. The backing pad arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the backing pad comprises at least one air inlet conduit for conducting air to an abrading surface. 6. The backing pad arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the additional layer comprises a soft intermediate layer between the upper surface and the lower surface of the additional layer. 7. The backing pad arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the lower surface of the additional layer comprises abrasive particles. 8. The backing pad arrangement according to claim 1, further comprising an abrading article adapted to be attached to the additional layer. 9. The backing pad arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the backing pad comprises a suction conduit formed by the at least one opening of the additional layer and an additional opening of a cover plate of the backing pad. 10. An abrading system comprising an abrading apparatus, wherein the abrading system further comprises a backing pad arrangement according to claim 1. 11. The abrading system according to claim 10, wherein the abrading system comprises a debris extractor system adapted to provide suction pressure and to remove debris formed during abrading work. 12. The abrading system according to claim 11, wherein the debris extractor system is arranged to guide debris away from the additional layer and the abrading surface. 13. The abrading system according to claim 11, wherein the debris extractor system is adapted to guide debris via at least one of the following:
the additional layer, the abrading article, the backing pad, the fixing member(s), opening(s) of the additional layer, opening(s) of the abrading article, and opening(s) of a cover plate of the backing pad. 14. The abrading system according to claim 10, wherein
opening(s) of the additional layer, and opening(s) of the cover plate of the backing pad are connected in order to form conduit(s). | 2,600 |
340,702 | 16,642,118 | 2,641 | A heat exchanger includes a first flow channel and a second flow channel that are alternately stacked in a stacking direction, each of the first flow channel and the second flow channel including: upstream parts disposed parallel to one another in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction and to a direction in which the flow channels extend; downstream parts disposed parallel to one another in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction and to a direction in which the flow channels extend; and branching/merging parts configured to branch the flow channels immediately upstream of the branching/merging parts into two divergent channels and merge the divergent channels adjacent to one another to form next flow channels, between the upstream parts and the downstream parts, wherein the branching/merging parts are provided in a plurality of stages between the upstream parts and the downstream parts. | 1: A heat exchanger comprising
a plurality of flow channels, wherein the heat exchanger is configured to exchange heat between fluid flowing through the plurality of flow channels, the plurality of flow channels include: a first flow channel through which first fluid flows; and a second flow channel through which second fluid having a temperature different from a temperature of the first fluid flows, the first flow channel and the second flow channel are provided in such a manner as to be alternately stacked in a stacking direction perpendicular to a direction in which the flow channels extend, each of the first flow channel and the second flow channel includes: upstream parts disposed parallel to one another in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction and to a direction in which the flow channels extend; downstream parts disposed parallel to one another in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction and to a direction in which the flow channels extend; and branching/merging parts configured to branch the flow channels immediately upstream of the branching/merging parts into two divergent channels and merge the divergent channels adjacent to one another to form next flow channels, between the upstream parts and the downstream parts, wherein the branching/merging parts are provided in a plurality of stages between the upstream parts and the downstream parts. 2: The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein
the branching/merging parts include: first branching/merging parts configured to branch N number of flow channels immediately upstream of the branching/merging parts into the two divergent channels and merge the divergent channels adjacent to one another excluding the two outermost divergent channels to form next N+1 number of flow channels, and second branching/merging parts configured to branch N−1 number of flow channels, out of the N+1 number of flow channels excluding the two outermost flow channels, immediately upstream of the second branching/merging parts, into the two divergent channels and merge the divergent channels adjacent to one another including the two outermost flow channels to form next N number of flow channels, and the first branching/merging parts and the second branching/merging parts are alternately provided in a plurality of stages between the upstream parts and the downstream parts. 3: The heat exchanger according to claim 1, further comprising:
linear flow channels provided between two of the branching/merging parts that are adjacent to each other in the direction in which the flow channels extend, the linear flow channels being parallel to the direction in which the flow channels extend. 4: The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the two divergent channels being configured to branch or merge in the branching/merging parts are symmetric with respect to a direction in which the flow channels extend, with apexes of branching having an angle of 180 degrees or less. 5: The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein
first plates and second plates are stacked on one another in a part in which heat is exchanged, the first flow channels are formed as grooves between front faces of the first plates and back faces of the second plates, the second flow channels are formed as grooves between front faces of the second plates and back faces of the first plates, and the first plates and the second plates are bonded to each other by diffusion bonding. 6: The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the second fluid is coolant having a lower temperature than the first fluid, and the first fluid is hydrogen gas having a higher temperature than the second fluid. 7: The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the second fluid is coolant having a lower temperature than the first fluid, the first fluid is fluid having a higher temperature than the second fluid, and the divergent channels in the first flow channels are formed more narrowly than the divergent channels in the second flow channels. 8: The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of flow channels include three or more kinds of flow channels including the first flow channel and the second flow channel, and each of the flow channels are provided in such a manner so as to be stacked in the stacking direction, and each of the flow channels includes the upstream part, the downstream part, and the branching/merging part. | A heat exchanger includes a first flow channel and a second flow channel that are alternately stacked in a stacking direction, each of the first flow channel and the second flow channel including: upstream parts disposed parallel to one another in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction and to a direction in which the flow channels extend; downstream parts disposed parallel to one another in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction and to a direction in which the flow channels extend; and branching/merging parts configured to branch the flow channels immediately upstream of the branching/merging parts into two divergent channels and merge the divergent channels adjacent to one another to form next flow channels, between the upstream parts and the downstream parts, wherein the branching/merging parts are provided in a plurality of stages between the upstream parts and the downstream parts.1: A heat exchanger comprising
a plurality of flow channels, wherein the heat exchanger is configured to exchange heat between fluid flowing through the plurality of flow channels, the plurality of flow channels include: a first flow channel through which first fluid flows; and a second flow channel through which second fluid having a temperature different from a temperature of the first fluid flows, the first flow channel and the second flow channel are provided in such a manner as to be alternately stacked in a stacking direction perpendicular to a direction in which the flow channels extend, each of the first flow channel and the second flow channel includes: upstream parts disposed parallel to one another in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction and to a direction in which the flow channels extend; downstream parts disposed parallel to one another in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction and to a direction in which the flow channels extend; and branching/merging parts configured to branch the flow channels immediately upstream of the branching/merging parts into two divergent channels and merge the divergent channels adjacent to one another to form next flow channels, between the upstream parts and the downstream parts, wherein the branching/merging parts are provided in a plurality of stages between the upstream parts and the downstream parts. 2: The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein
the branching/merging parts include: first branching/merging parts configured to branch N number of flow channels immediately upstream of the branching/merging parts into the two divergent channels and merge the divergent channels adjacent to one another excluding the two outermost divergent channels to form next N+1 number of flow channels, and second branching/merging parts configured to branch N−1 number of flow channels, out of the N+1 number of flow channels excluding the two outermost flow channels, immediately upstream of the second branching/merging parts, into the two divergent channels and merge the divergent channels adjacent to one another including the two outermost flow channels to form next N number of flow channels, and the first branching/merging parts and the second branching/merging parts are alternately provided in a plurality of stages between the upstream parts and the downstream parts. 3: The heat exchanger according to claim 1, further comprising:
linear flow channels provided between two of the branching/merging parts that are adjacent to each other in the direction in which the flow channels extend, the linear flow channels being parallel to the direction in which the flow channels extend. 4: The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the two divergent channels being configured to branch or merge in the branching/merging parts are symmetric with respect to a direction in which the flow channels extend, with apexes of branching having an angle of 180 degrees or less. 5: The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein
first plates and second plates are stacked on one another in a part in which heat is exchanged, the first flow channels are formed as grooves between front faces of the first plates and back faces of the second plates, the second flow channels are formed as grooves between front faces of the second plates and back faces of the first plates, and the first plates and the second plates are bonded to each other by diffusion bonding. 6: The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the second fluid is coolant having a lower temperature than the first fluid, and the first fluid is hydrogen gas having a higher temperature than the second fluid. 7: The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the second fluid is coolant having a lower temperature than the first fluid, the first fluid is fluid having a higher temperature than the second fluid, and the divergent channels in the first flow channels are formed more narrowly than the divergent channels in the second flow channels. 8: The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of flow channels include three or more kinds of flow channels including the first flow channel and the second flow channel, and each of the flow channels are provided in such a manner so as to be stacked in the stacking direction, and each of the flow channels includes the upstream part, the downstream part, and the branching/merging part. | 2,600 |
340,703 | 16,642,159 | 2,641 | A system for improving the static and dynamic stability of an offshore floating structure in which outriggers having a unit with an inertial mass are supported from the structure to hold each unit at a radial distance from a centre of rotation of the offshore floating structure and be entirely submerged. Water may enter and exit a tank in a unit to statically adjust and dynamically control stability and dampen roll and pitch of the structure. The outriggers can be raised for tow. The outriggers ballast can be adjusted during tow, installation and in operation. The units can transport mooring lines. An embodiment of a hydrocarbon production or support facility is described with the dynamic flexible risers connected to a support structure of the system. | 1. A system for improving the static and dynamic stability of an offshore floating structure comprising:
a plurality of outriggers, each outrigger having a unit, the unit having an inertial mass; and a support structure, the support structure locatable to the offshore floating structure and holding the units at a radial distance from a centre of rotation of the offshore floating structure; characterised in that: the plurality of units are entirely submerged in use. 2. A system according to claim 1 wherein the inertial mass includes a fixed mass. 3. A system according to claim 2 wherein the unit includes a weight to provide the fixed mass. 4. A system according to claim 3 wherein the weight is one or more materials selected from a group comprising: steel, concrete, sand, gravel and water. 5. A system according to claim 1 wherein the inertial mass includes a variable mass. 6. A system according to claim 5 wherein the unit includes a filler tank and the variable mass is provided by water entering and exiting the filler tank. 7. (canceled) 8. A system according to claim 1 wherein there is a ballast tank in a unit. 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. A system according to claim 1 wherein the units are identical. 12. (canceled) 13. A system according to claim 1 wherein there are an even number of outriggers. 14. A system according to claim 1 wherein there are an odd number of outriggers. 15. A system according to claim 1 wherein the outriggers are arranged to provide an evenly distributed mass lying on a circumference around the offshore floating structure. 16. (canceled) 17. A system according to claim 1 wherein the support structure comprises a plurality of support arms, each arm having a first end for connection to the offshore floating structure and a second end for connection to a unit. 18. A system according to claim 1 wherein the support structure comprises a plurality of support struts wherein the support struts connect between units and to the offshore floating structure. 19. A system according to claim 1 wherein the support structure is horizontal with the units. 20. A system according to claim 1 wherein the support structure is adapted to raise and lower the outriggers. 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. A system according to claim 1 wherein the offshore floating structure is an offshore hydrocarbon production or supporting facility. 24. A system according to claim 23 wherein the support structure includes connection means for one or more dynamic flexible risers. 25. A system according to claim 24 wherein there is a dropped object protection system arranged over the connection means. 26. A system according to claim 1 wherein one or more units include a compartment, the compartment having one or more elements of a mooring line and an end of the mooring line is connected to the offshore floating structure. 27. A system according to claim 1 wherein the system includes a vertical tether mooring system and the outriggers are anchoring points for the vertical tether mooring system. | A system for improving the static and dynamic stability of an offshore floating structure in which outriggers having a unit with an inertial mass are supported from the structure to hold each unit at a radial distance from a centre of rotation of the offshore floating structure and be entirely submerged. Water may enter and exit a tank in a unit to statically adjust and dynamically control stability and dampen roll and pitch of the structure. The outriggers can be raised for tow. The outriggers ballast can be adjusted during tow, installation and in operation. The units can transport mooring lines. An embodiment of a hydrocarbon production or support facility is described with the dynamic flexible risers connected to a support structure of the system.1. A system for improving the static and dynamic stability of an offshore floating structure comprising:
a plurality of outriggers, each outrigger having a unit, the unit having an inertial mass; and a support structure, the support structure locatable to the offshore floating structure and holding the units at a radial distance from a centre of rotation of the offshore floating structure; characterised in that: the plurality of units are entirely submerged in use. 2. A system according to claim 1 wherein the inertial mass includes a fixed mass. 3. A system according to claim 2 wherein the unit includes a weight to provide the fixed mass. 4. A system according to claim 3 wherein the weight is one or more materials selected from a group comprising: steel, concrete, sand, gravel and water. 5. A system according to claim 1 wherein the inertial mass includes a variable mass. 6. A system according to claim 5 wherein the unit includes a filler tank and the variable mass is provided by water entering and exiting the filler tank. 7. (canceled) 8. A system according to claim 1 wherein there is a ballast tank in a unit. 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. A system according to claim 1 wherein the units are identical. 12. (canceled) 13. A system according to claim 1 wherein there are an even number of outriggers. 14. A system according to claim 1 wherein there are an odd number of outriggers. 15. A system according to claim 1 wherein the outriggers are arranged to provide an evenly distributed mass lying on a circumference around the offshore floating structure. 16. (canceled) 17. A system according to claim 1 wherein the support structure comprises a plurality of support arms, each arm having a first end for connection to the offshore floating structure and a second end for connection to a unit. 18. A system according to claim 1 wherein the support structure comprises a plurality of support struts wherein the support struts connect between units and to the offshore floating structure. 19. A system according to claim 1 wherein the support structure is horizontal with the units. 20. A system according to claim 1 wherein the support structure is adapted to raise and lower the outriggers. 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. A system according to claim 1 wherein the offshore floating structure is an offshore hydrocarbon production or supporting facility. 24. A system according to claim 23 wherein the support structure includes connection means for one or more dynamic flexible risers. 25. A system according to claim 24 wherein there is a dropped object protection system arranged over the connection means. 26. A system according to claim 1 wherein one or more units include a compartment, the compartment having one or more elements of a mooring line and an end of the mooring line is connected to the offshore floating structure. 27. A system according to claim 1 wherein the system includes a vertical tether mooring system and the outriggers are anchoring points for the vertical tether mooring system. | 2,600 |
340,704 | 16,642,178 | 2,641 | Provided is a method of activating immune cells and/or an immune system response in a subject. The method may comprise administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I): or a prodrug, derivative, and/or salt thereof. In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting an immune cell with a compound of Formula (I) or a prodrug, derivative, and/or salt thereof. Also provided are compounds, compositions, and kits for activating immune cells and/or an immune system response in a subject. | 1. A method of activating immune cells and/or an immune system response in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I): 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the prodrug has a structure of Formula (II): 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula (I) or the prodrug, derivative, and/or salt thereof is administered in an amount effective to activate host cell immunity in the subject. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein host cell immunity in the subject is activated against cancer and/or tumor cells present in the subject, optionally wherein host cell immunity in the subject is not activated against non-cancer and/or non-tumor cells present in the subject. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula (I) or the prodrug, derivative, and/or salt thereof is administered in an amount effective to activate Damage Associated Molecular Pattern (DAMP)-immunogenic cell death (ICD) in the subject. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula (I) or the prodrug, derivative, and/or salt thereof is administered in an amount effective to provide cytotoxic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cancer and/or tumor cells in the subject, optionally wherein the compound of Formula (I) or the prodrug, derivative, and/or salt thereof does not provide cytotoxic ER stress in non-cancer and/or non-tumor cells in the subject. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula (I) or the prodrug, derivative, and/or salt thereof is administered in an amount effective to provide immunogenic cell death of cancer and/or tumor cells in the subject. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula (I) or the prodrug, derivative, and/or salt thereof is administered in an amount effective to provide protective immunity in the subject. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method does not provide autoimmune side effects in the subject. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the method induces cell death in the subject in an ER-stress dependent mechanism. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the method induces cell death in cancer cells, tumor cells, and/or in cells exhibiting increased ER stress compared to normal, healthy cells of the same type. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the method reprograms and/or activates an immune cell in the subject to attack and/or kill cancer cells and/or tumor cells in the subject, optionally wherein the method induces maturation of the immune cell. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the method activates and/or reprograms a dendritic cell in the subject to uptake, process, and/or present pathogen-derived or host-derived antigenic peptides to naïve T-cells in peripheral tissues in the subject. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the method induces an immune response against a tumor-associated antigen in the subject, optionally wherein the method increases phagocytic signaling in cancer and/or tumor cells in the subject. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the method activates T-cells in the subject, optionally wherein the method activates the T-cells to produce a multivalent cellular immune response against a given antigen, and further optionally wherein the response is greater than a response achieved with the given antigen alone. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering a second therapeutic. 17.-19. (canceled) 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer cells and/or tumor cells are drug resistant cells, metastatic tumor cells, and/or tumor stem stems. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject has cancer and/or a tumor. 22.-23. (canceled) 24. A kit comprising:
a first container comprising a first pharmaceutical composition, wherein the first pharmaceutical composition comprises a first pharmaceutical carrier and a compound of Formula (I): 25.-29. (canceled) 30. A method of activating an immune cell, the method comprising contacting an immune cell with a compound of Formula (I): 31.-59. (canceled) | Provided is a method of activating immune cells and/or an immune system response in a subject. The method may comprise administering to a subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I): or a prodrug, derivative, and/or salt thereof. In some embodiments, the method comprises contacting an immune cell with a compound of Formula (I) or a prodrug, derivative, and/or salt thereof. Also provided are compounds, compositions, and kits for activating immune cells and/or an immune system response in a subject.1. A method of activating immune cells and/or an immune system response in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I): 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the prodrug has a structure of Formula (II): 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula (I) or the prodrug, derivative, and/or salt thereof is administered in an amount effective to activate host cell immunity in the subject. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein host cell immunity in the subject is activated against cancer and/or tumor cells present in the subject, optionally wherein host cell immunity in the subject is not activated against non-cancer and/or non-tumor cells present in the subject. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula (I) or the prodrug, derivative, and/or salt thereof is administered in an amount effective to activate Damage Associated Molecular Pattern (DAMP)-immunogenic cell death (ICD) in the subject. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula (I) or the prodrug, derivative, and/or salt thereof is administered in an amount effective to provide cytotoxic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cancer and/or tumor cells in the subject, optionally wherein the compound of Formula (I) or the prodrug, derivative, and/or salt thereof does not provide cytotoxic ER stress in non-cancer and/or non-tumor cells in the subject. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula (I) or the prodrug, derivative, and/or salt thereof is administered in an amount effective to provide immunogenic cell death of cancer and/or tumor cells in the subject. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula (I) or the prodrug, derivative, and/or salt thereof is administered in an amount effective to provide protective immunity in the subject. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method does not provide autoimmune side effects in the subject. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the method induces cell death in the subject in an ER-stress dependent mechanism. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the method induces cell death in cancer cells, tumor cells, and/or in cells exhibiting increased ER stress compared to normal, healthy cells of the same type. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the method reprograms and/or activates an immune cell in the subject to attack and/or kill cancer cells and/or tumor cells in the subject, optionally wherein the method induces maturation of the immune cell. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the method activates and/or reprograms a dendritic cell in the subject to uptake, process, and/or present pathogen-derived or host-derived antigenic peptides to naïve T-cells in peripheral tissues in the subject. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the method induces an immune response against a tumor-associated antigen in the subject, optionally wherein the method increases phagocytic signaling in cancer and/or tumor cells in the subject. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the method activates T-cells in the subject, optionally wherein the method activates the T-cells to produce a multivalent cellular immune response against a given antigen, and further optionally wherein the response is greater than a response achieved with the given antigen alone. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering a second therapeutic. 17.-19. (canceled) 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer cells and/or tumor cells are drug resistant cells, metastatic tumor cells, and/or tumor stem stems. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject has cancer and/or a tumor. 22.-23. (canceled) 24. A kit comprising:
a first container comprising a first pharmaceutical composition, wherein the first pharmaceutical composition comprises a first pharmaceutical carrier and a compound of Formula (I): 25.-29. (canceled) 30. A method of activating an immune cell, the method comprising contacting an immune cell with a compound of Formula (I): 31.-59. (canceled) | 2,600 |
340,705 | 16,642,196 | 1,762 | Biodegradable polyester article comprising enzymes. The present invention relates to novel biodegradable plastic articles comprising a polyester and biological entities able to degrade such polyester, and wherein the biological entities are homogeneously dispersed in the plastic articles. The invention also relates to a process for producing such plastic articles, comprising a step of mixing biological entities with a selected carrier in a liquid composition or in a masterbatch with the polyester. | 1.-17. (canceled) 18. A process for preparing a plastic article comprising at least one polyester and at least one enzyme having a polyester-degrading activity homogeneously dispersed in the plastic article, said process comprising:
a step (a) of mixing between 0.01% and 10% by weight of the at least one enzyme having a polyester-degrading activity with a least said one polyester; and a step (b) of shaping said mixture of step (a) in a plastic article, wherein the at least one enzyme is mixed during step (a) under the form of a masterbatch comprising the at least one enzyme having a polyester-degrading activity, a carrier selected from polysaccharides, and a carrier polymer having a melting temperature below 140° C. and/or a glass transition temperature below 70° C. 19. The process according to claim 18, wherein the step (a) of mixing is performed at a temperature at which the polyester is in a partially or totally molten state and/or in an extruder. 20. The process of claim 18, wherein the polyester has a melting temperature above 140° C. 21. The process of claim 18, wherein the polyester is selected from copolymers of lactic acid and/or succinic acid and/or terephthalic acid. 22.-24. (canceled) 25. The process of claim 18, wherein the natural gum is arabic gum. 26. (canceled) 27. The process of claim 18, wherein the carrier polymer having a melting temperature below 140° C. and/or a glass transition temperature below 70° C. is a polyester selected from polycaprolactone (PCL), poly butylene succinate adipate (PBSA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polydioxanone (PDS), polyhdroxyalkanoate (PHA), polylactic acid (PLA) and mixtures thereof. 28.-30. (canceled) 31. A masterbatch comprising at least one enzyme having a polyester-degrading activity, a carrier selected from polysaccharides and a carrier polymer having a melting temperature below 140° C. and/or a glass transition temperature below 70° C. 32. The masterbatch of claim 31, wherein the carrier polymer having a melting temperature below 140° C. and/or a glass transition temperature below 70° C. is a selected among a polyester, starch, EVA and mixtures thereof. 33. The masterbatch of claim 32, wherein the polymer having a melting temperature below 140° C. and/or a glass transition temperature below 70° C. is a polyester selected among polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PB AT), polydioxanone (PDS), polyhdroxyalkanoate (PHA), polylactic acid (PLA) and mixtures thereof. 34. The masterbatch of claim 32, wherein the polymer having a melting temperature below 140° C. and/or a glass transition temperature below 70° C. is selected among polycaprolactone (PCL), EVA, PBAT, PLA and mixtures thereof. 35. The masterbatch of claim 31, comprising from 50% to 95% by weight of carrier polymer having a melting temperature below 140° C. and/or a glass transition temperature below 70° C. based on the total weight of the masterbatch. 36. The masterbatch of claim 35, comprising from 70% to 90% by weight of carrier polymer having a melting temperature below 140° C. and/or a glass transition temperature below 70° C. 37. The masterbatch of claim 31, wherein the at least one enzyme comprises an enzyme having a polyester-degrading activity. 38. The masterbatch of claim 31, comprising from 5% to 50% by weight of the at least one enzyme based on the total weight of the masterbatch. 39. The masterbatch of claim 38, comprising from 10% to 30% of the at least one enzyme. 40. The masterbatch of claim 31, wherein the polysaccharide carrier is selected from starch derivatives, natural gums, marine extracts, microbial and animal polysaccharides and mixtures thereof. 41. The masterbatch of claim 40, wherein the starch derivative is maltodextrin. 42. The masterbatch of claim 40 wherein the natural gum is selected from arabic gum, guar gum, tragacanth gum, karaya gum and mixtures thereof. 43. The masterbatch of claim 40, wherein the natural gum is arabic gum 44. The masterbatch of claim 31, comprising from 1% to 30% of polysaccharide carrier. 45. The masterbatch of claim 44, wherein it comprises from 1% to 15% of polysaccharide carrier. 46. A process for preparing a masterbatch comprising at least one enzyme having a polyester-degrading activity, a carrier selected among polysaccharides and a carrier polymer having a melting temperature below 140° C. and/or a glass transition temperature below 70° C., said process comprising mixing a liquid composition comprising the at least one enzyme and the carrier with the carrier polymer at a temperature at which the carrier polymer is in a partially or totally molten state. 47. The method of claim 46, wherein the liquid composition and the carrier polymer are mixed in an extruder. 48. The method of claim 46, wherein the liquid composition comprises, based on the total weight of the composition:
from 0.01% to 35% by weight of the at least one enzyme; from 15% to 95% by weight of an aqueous solvent; and from 3% to 80% by weight of a polysaccharide carrier. 49. The method of claim 46, wherein the polymer having a melting temperature below 140° C. and/or a glass transition temperature below 70° C. is a polyester selected from polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polydioxanone (PDS), polyhdroxyalkanoate (PHA), polylactic acid (PLA) and mixtures thereof. 50. The method of claim 46, wherein the at least one enzyme is a protease. 51. The method of claim 46, wherein the carrier is a natural gum is selected from arabic gum, guar gum, tragacanth gum, karaya gum and mixtures thereof. | Biodegradable polyester article comprising enzymes. The present invention relates to novel biodegradable plastic articles comprising a polyester and biological entities able to degrade such polyester, and wherein the biological entities are homogeneously dispersed in the plastic articles. The invention also relates to a process for producing such plastic articles, comprising a step of mixing biological entities with a selected carrier in a liquid composition or in a masterbatch with the polyester.1.-17. (canceled) 18. A process for preparing a plastic article comprising at least one polyester and at least one enzyme having a polyester-degrading activity homogeneously dispersed in the plastic article, said process comprising:
a step (a) of mixing between 0.01% and 10% by weight of the at least one enzyme having a polyester-degrading activity with a least said one polyester; and a step (b) of shaping said mixture of step (a) in a plastic article, wherein the at least one enzyme is mixed during step (a) under the form of a masterbatch comprising the at least one enzyme having a polyester-degrading activity, a carrier selected from polysaccharides, and a carrier polymer having a melting temperature below 140° C. and/or a glass transition temperature below 70° C. 19. The process according to claim 18, wherein the step (a) of mixing is performed at a temperature at which the polyester is in a partially or totally molten state and/or in an extruder. 20. The process of claim 18, wherein the polyester has a melting temperature above 140° C. 21. The process of claim 18, wherein the polyester is selected from copolymers of lactic acid and/or succinic acid and/or terephthalic acid. 22.-24. (canceled) 25. The process of claim 18, wherein the natural gum is arabic gum. 26. (canceled) 27. The process of claim 18, wherein the carrier polymer having a melting temperature below 140° C. and/or a glass transition temperature below 70° C. is a polyester selected from polycaprolactone (PCL), poly butylene succinate adipate (PBSA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polydioxanone (PDS), polyhdroxyalkanoate (PHA), polylactic acid (PLA) and mixtures thereof. 28.-30. (canceled) 31. A masterbatch comprising at least one enzyme having a polyester-degrading activity, a carrier selected from polysaccharides and a carrier polymer having a melting temperature below 140° C. and/or a glass transition temperature below 70° C. 32. The masterbatch of claim 31, wherein the carrier polymer having a melting temperature below 140° C. and/or a glass transition temperature below 70° C. is a selected among a polyester, starch, EVA and mixtures thereof. 33. The masterbatch of claim 32, wherein the polymer having a melting temperature below 140° C. and/or a glass transition temperature below 70° C. is a polyester selected among polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PB AT), polydioxanone (PDS), polyhdroxyalkanoate (PHA), polylactic acid (PLA) and mixtures thereof. 34. The masterbatch of claim 32, wherein the polymer having a melting temperature below 140° C. and/or a glass transition temperature below 70° C. is selected among polycaprolactone (PCL), EVA, PBAT, PLA and mixtures thereof. 35. The masterbatch of claim 31, comprising from 50% to 95% by weight of carrier polymer having a melting temperature below 140° C. and/or a glass transition temperature below 70° C. based on the total weight of the masterbatch. 36. The masterbatch of claim 35, comprising from 70% to 90% by weight of carrier polymer having a melting temperature below 140° C. and/or a glass transition temperature below 70° C. 37. The masterbatch of claim 31, wherein the at least one enzyme comprises an enzyme having a polyester-degrading activity. 38. The masterbatch of claim 31, comprising from 5% to 50% by weight of the at least one enzyme based on the total weight of the masterbatch. 39. The masterbatch of claim 38, comprising from 10% to 30% of the at least one enzyme. 40. The masterbatch of claim 31, wherein the polysaccharide carrier is selected from starch derivatives, natural gums, marine extracts, microbial and animal polysaccharides and mixtures thereof. 41. The masterbatch of claim 40, wherein the starch derivative is maltodextrin. 42. The masterbatch of claim 40 wherein the natural gum is selected from arabic gum, guar gum, tragacanth gum, karaya gum and mixtures thereof. 43. The masterbatch of claim 40, wherein the natural gum is arabic gum 44. The masterbatch of claim 31, comprising from 1% to 30% of polysaccharide carrier. 45. The masterbatch of claim 44, wherein it comprises from 1% to 15% of polysaccharide carrier. 46. A process for preparing a masterbatch comprising at least one enzyme having a polyester-degrading activity, a carrier selected among polysaccharides and a carrier polymer having a melting temperature below 140° C. and/or a glass transition temperature below 70° C., said process comprising mixing a liquid composition comprising the at least one enzyme and the carrier with the carrier polymer at a temperature at which the carrier polymer is in a partially or totally molten state. 47. The method of claim 46, wherein the liquid composition and the carrier polymer are mixed in an extruder. 48. The method of claim 46, wherein the liquid composition comprises, based on the total weight of the composition:
from 0.01% to 35% by weight of the at least one enzyme; from 15% to 95% by weight of an aqueous solvent; and from 3% to 80% by weight of a polysaccharide carrier. 49. The method of claim 46, wherein the polymer having a melting temperature below 140° C. and/or a glass transition temperature below 70° C. is a polyester selected from polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polydioxanone (PDS), polyhdroxyalkanoate (PHA), polylactic acid (PLA) and mixtures thereof. 50. The method of claim 46, wherein the at least one enzyme is a protease. 51. The method of claim 46, wherein the carrier is a natural gum is selected from arabic gum, guar gum, tragacanth gum, karaya gum and mixtures thereof. | 1,700 |
340,706 | 16,642,167 | 1,762 | A separation unit is provided for separating a web material having a web width along preformed lines of weakness. The separation unit includes at least a first shaft extending along a first longitudinal axis and at least a second shaft extending along a second longitudinal axis in parallel with the first shaft. The separation unit also includes at least one first protrusion element extending perpendicularly from the first shaft and being arranged to be rotatable about the first longitudinal axis, and at least one second protrusion element extending perpendicularly from the second shaft and being arranged to be rotatable about the second longitudinal axis. The separation unit further includes at least one contact element being arranged in biased abutment against at least one of the first and second protrusion elements in a direction perpendicular to the first or second longitudinal axis. | 1.-28. (canceled) 29. A separation unit for separating a web material having a web width along preformed lines of weakness, the separation unit having a width direction and comprising:
at least a first shaft extending along a first longitudinal axis in the width direction; at least a second shaft extending along a second longitudinal axis in parallel with the first shaft, the second longitudinal axis being positioned at a distance from the first longitudinal axis in a direction perpendicular to the width direction; at least one first protrusion element extending perpendicularly from the first shaft and being arranged to be rotatable about the first longitudinal axis; and at least one second protrusion element extending perpendicularly from the second shaft and being arranged to be rotatable about the second longitudinal axis, wherein, in a use position of the separation unit, the first and second protrusion elements are arranged in a staggered relationship such that the protrusion element of the first shaft is partially overlapping with the protrusion element of the second shaft with a radial overlap length in a direction perpendicular to the shafts, thus forming an undulating passage for the web material between the shafts with the web width extending in the width direction, wherein the separation unit also comprises at least one contact element that is arranged in biased abutment against at least one of the first and second protrusion elements in a direction perpendicular to the first or second longitudinal axis about which the at least one of the first and second protrusion elements is rotatably arranged. 30. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one contact element is arranged so as to be non-rotatable about the first and/or the second longitudinal axis. 31. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one contact element is arranged in connection to the first or second longitudinal axis opposing the at least one protrusion element. 32. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one contact element is arranged so as to have a fixed position in relation to the first longitudinal axis of the first shaft when arranged in biased abutment against a protrusion element of the second shaft. 33. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one contact element is arranged so as to have a fixed position in relation to the second longitudinal axis of the second shaft when arranged in biased abutment against a protrusion element of the first shaft. 34. The separation unit of claim 29, the at least one contact element comprising an outer surface forming a pressure nip with the at least one protrusion element. 35. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one contact element is forming a concave outer surface towards the at least one protrusion element, as seen in a plane perpendicular to the width direction. 36. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one contact element is forming a convex outer surface towards the at least one protrusion element, as seen in a plane perpendicular to the width direction. 37. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one contact element is forming a straight outer surface towards the at least one protrusion element, as seen in a plane perpendicular to the width direction. 38. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one contact element is arranged in biased abutment against at least two protrusion elements, or wherein at least one first contact element is arranged in biased abutment against the at least one protrusion element of the first shaft, and at least one second contact element is arranged in biased abutment against the at least one protrusion element of the second shaft. 39. The separation unit of claim 29, further comprising a biasing element arranged to bias the at least one contact element towards the at least one protrusion element, wherein the biasing element comprises a spring,
wherein the first shaft is movably suspended, perpendicularly to the first longitudinal axis, and wherein the biasing element is arranged to bias the first shaft towards the second shaft, and wherein the second longitudinal axis of the second shaft is fixed. 40. The separation unit of claim 29, further comprising a first guiding part fixedly arranged in relation to the first longitudinal axis of the first shaft, and comprising a first guiding surface for the web material, wherein the at least one contact element is formed by at least a part of the first guiding surface. 41. The separation unit of claim 29, further comprising a second guiding part, fixedly arranged in relation to the second longitudinal axis of the second shaft, and comprising a second guiding surface for the web material, wherein the at least one contact element is formed by at least a part of the second guiding surface. 42. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one protrusion elements are disc elements. 43. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one protrusion elements are fixedly arranged with respect to the shaft, respectively. 44. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one protrusion elements are rotatably arranged with respect to the shaft. 45. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein each of the first and second shafts is provided with a plurality of protrusion elements being spaced along the first and second longitudinal axes, the plurality of protrusion elements including between two and eight protrusion elements, wherein each of the first and the second shafts has a central portion and peripheral portions in the width direction, and wherein a spacing between the protrusion elements is greater in the central portion than in the peripheral portions, on at least one of the first and second shafts, preferably both of the first and the second shafts. 46. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein each protrusion element has a maximum radial extension from the respective longitudinal axis, the maximum radial extension being between 5 mm and 50 mm, wherein maximum widths of the at least one protrusion elements are between 4 mm and 20 mm, and wherein the radial overlap length is 2 mm to 40 mm. 47. A dispenser for a web material comprising preformed lines of weakness, the dispenser comprising:
a housing defining a web material reservoir, a dispensing opening, and a separation unit having a width direction and comprising:
at least a first shaft extending along a first longitudinal axis in the width direction;
at least a second shaft extending along a second longitudinal axis in parallel with the first shaft, the second longitudinal axis being positioned at a distance from the first longitudinal axis in a direction perpendicular to the width direction;
at least one first protrusion element extending perpendicularly from the first shaft and being arranged to be rotatable about the first longitudinal axis; and
at least one second protrusion element extending perpendicularly from the second shaft and being arranged to be rotatable about the second longitudinal axis,
wherein, in a use position of the separation unit, the first and second protrusion elements are arranged in a staggered relationship such that the protrusion element of the first shaft is partially overlapping with the protrusion element of the second shaft with a radial overlap length in a direction perpendicular to the shafts, thus forming an undulating passage for the web material between the shafts with the web width extending in the width direction, wherein the separation unit also comprises at least one contact element that is arranged in biased abutment against at least one of the first and second protrusion elements in a direction perpendicular to the first or second longitudinal axis about which the at least one of the first and second protrusion elements is rotatably arranged. 48. The dispenser of claim 47, further comprising a guiding element determining a correct tension and path of the web material. | A separation unit is provided for separating a web material having a web width along preformed lines of weakness. The separation unit includes at least a first shaft extending along a first longitudinal axis and at least a second shaft extending along a second longitudinal axis in parallel with the first shaft. The separation unit also includes at least one first protrusion element extending perpendicularly from the first shaft and being arranged to be rotatable about the first longitudinal axis, and at least one second protrusion element extending perpendicularly from the second shaft and being arranged to be rotatable about the second longitudinal axis. The separation unit further includes at least one contact element being arranged in biased abutment against at least one of the first and second protrusion elements in a direction perpendicular to the first or second longitudinal axis.1.-28. (canceled) 29. A separation unit for separating a web material having a web width along preformed lines of weakness, the separation unit having a width direction and comprising:
at least a first shaft extending along a first longitudinal axis in the width direction; at least a second shaft extending along a second longitudinal axis in parallel with the first shaft, the second longitudinal axis being positioned at a distance from the first longitudinal axis in a direction perpendicular to the width direction; at least one first protrusion element extending perpendicularly from the first shaft and being arranged to be rotatable about the first longitudinal axis; and at least one second protrusion element extending perpendicularly from the second shaft and being arranged to be rotatable about the second longitudinal axis, wherein, in a use position of the separation unit, the first and second protrusion elements are arranged in a staggered relationship such that the protrusion element of the first shaft is partially overlapping with the protrusion element of the second shaft with a radial overlap length in a direction perpendicular to the shafts, thus forming an undulating passage for the web material between the shafts with the web width extending in the width direction, wherein the separation unit also comprises at least one contact element that is arranged in biased abutment against at least one of the first and second protrusion elements in a direction perpendicular to the first or second longitudinal axis about which the at least one of the first and second protrusion elements is rotatably arranged. 30. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one contact element is arranged so as to be non-rotatable about the first and/or the second longitudinal axis. 31. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one contact element is arranged in connection to the first or second longitudinal axis opposing the at least one protrusion element. 32. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one contact element is arranged so as to have a fixed position in relation to the first longitudinal axis of the first shaft when arranged in biased abutment against a protrusion element of the second shaft. 33. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one contact element is arranged so as to have a fixed position in relation to the second longitudinal axis of the second shaft when arranged in biased abutment against a protrusion element of the first shaft. 34. The separation unit of claim 29, the at least one contact element comprising an outer surface forming a pressure nip with the at least one protrusion element. 35. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one contact element is forming a concave outer surface towards the at least one protrusion element, as seen in a plane perpendicular to the width direction. 36. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one contact element is forming a convex outer surface towards the at least one protrusion element, as seen in a plane perpendicular to the width direction. 37. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one contact element is forming a straight outer surface towards the at least one protrusion element, as seen in a plane perpendicular to the width direction. 38. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one contact element is arranged in biased abutment against at least two protrusion elements, or wherein at least one first contact element is arranged in biased abutment against the at least one protrusion element of the first shaft, and at least one second contact element is arranged in biased abutment against the at least one protrusion element of the second shaft. 39. The separation unit of claim 29, further comprising a biasing element arranged to bias the at least one contact element towards the at least one protrusion element, wherein the biasing element comprises a spring,
wherein the first shaft is movably suspended, perpendicularly to the first longitudinal axis, and wherein the biasing element is arranged to bias the first shaft towards the second shaft, and wherein the second longitudinal axis of the second shaft is fixed. 40. The separation unit of claim 29, further comprising a first guiding part fixedly arranged in relation to the first longitudinal axis of the first shaft, and comprising a first guiding surface for the web material, wherein the at least one contact element is formed by at least a part of the first guiding surface. 41. The separation unit of claim 29, further comprising a second guiding part, fixedly arranged in relation to the second longitudinal axis of the second shaft, and comprising a second guiding surface for the web material, wherein the at least one contact element is formed by at least a part of the second guiding surface. 42. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one protrusion elements are disc elements. 43. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one protrusion elements are fixedly arranged with respect to the shaft, respectively. 44. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein the at least one protrusion elements are rotatably arranged with respect to the shaft. 45. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein each of the first and second shafts is provided with a plurality of protrusion elements being spaced along the first and second longitudinal axes, the plurality of protrusion elements including between two and eight protrusion elements, wherein each of the first and the second shafts has a central portion and peripheral portions in the width direction, and wherein a spacing between the protrusion elements is greater in the central portion than in the peripheral portions, on at least one of the first and second shafts, preferably both of the first and the second shafts. 46. The separation unit of claim 29, wherein each protrusion element has a maximum radial extension from the respective longitudinal axis, the maximum radial extension being between 5 mm and 50 mm, wherein maximum widths of the at least one protrusion elements are between 4 mm and 20 mm, and wherein the radial overlap length is 2 mm to 40 mm. 47. A dispenser for a web material comprising preformed lines of weakness, the dispenser comprising:
a housing defining a web material reservoir, a dispensing opening, and a separation unit having a width direction and comprising:
at least a first shaft extending along a first longitudinal axis in the width direction;
at least a second shaft extending along a second longitudinal axis in parallel with the first shaft, the second longitudinal axis being positioned at a distance from the first longitudinal axis in a direction perpendicular to the width direction;
at least one first protrusion element extending perpendicularly from the first shaft and being arranged to be rotatable about the first longitudinal axis; and
at least one second protrusion element extending perpendicularly from the second shaft and being arranged to be rotatable about the second longitudinal axis,
wherein, in a use position of the separation unit, the first and second protrusion elements are arranged in a staggered relationship such that the protrusion element of the first shaft is partially overlapping with the protrusion element of the second shaft with a radial overlap length in a direction perpendicular to the shafts, thus forming an undulating passage for the web material between the shafts with the web width extending in the width direction, wherein the separation unit also comprises at least one contact element that is arranged in biased abutment against at least one of the first and second protrusion elements in a direction perpendicular to the first or second longitudinal axis about which the at least one of the first and second protrusion elements is rotatably arranged. 48. The dispenser of claim 47, further comprising a guiding element determining a correct tension and path of the web material. | 1,700 |
340,707 | 16,642,157 | 1,762 | A slow reacting epoxy resin system is disclosed. The slow reacting epoxy resin system comprises a high purity epoxy resin component selected from the group comprising of a high purity Bisphenol A(BPA), a high purity Bisphenol F (BPF), and a combination thereof, and an amine curing agent. The initial viscosity after mixing the high purity epoxy resin component and the amine curing agent is less than 350 mPa·s at 25° C. | 1. A slow reacting epoxy resin system comprising:
a high purity epoxy resin component selected from a group comprising of a high purity Bisphenol A (BPA), a high purity Bisphenol F (BPF), and a combination thereof, having viscosity in a range of 800-8000 mPa·s; and an amine curing agent, 2. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high purity epoxy resin component comprises 60 to 90 wt. % of the high purity Bisphenol A (BPA) and 10 to 40 wt. % of the high purity Bisphenol F (BPF), of the total weight of the high purity epoxy resin component. 3. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high purity epoxy resin component comprises 70 to 80 wt. % of the high purity Bisphenol A (BPA) and 20 to 30 wt. % of the high purity Bisphenol F (BPF) of the total weight of the high purity epoxy resin component. 4. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high purity Bisphenol A (BPA) has an epoxy equivalent weight (EEW) in a range of 171 to 183 gm/eq. 5. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high purity Bisphenol F (BPF) has an epoxy equivalent weight (EEW) in a range of 155 to 165 gm/eq. 6. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high purity Bisphenol A (BPA) has a monomer content in a range of 85% to 99.9%. 7. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high purity epoxy resin component has by-products and impurities less than 5000 ppm. 8. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amine curing agent is selected from a group comprising modified aliphatic amines, cycloaliphatic amines, polyether amine, aromatic amines and unmodified aliphatic amines, cycloaliphatic amines, polyether amine, aromatic amines and a combination thereof. 9. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amine curing agent comprises one or more linear aliphatic amine. 10. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amine curing agent comprises 72 to 100 wt. % of a first linear aliphatic amine and 0 to 14 wt. % of a second linear aliphatic amine of the total weight of the amine curing agent. 11. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the w/w ratio of the high purity epoxy resin component and the amine curing agent is in a range of 100:10 to 100:50. 12. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the w/w ratio of the high purity epoxy resin component and the amine curing agent is in a range of 100:25 to 100:35. 13. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising additives selected from the group consisting of modifiers, diluents or combination thereof, wherein the initial viscosity of the epoxy resin system is in the range of 150 to 250 mPa·s. 14. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, for use as structural composite wherein the strength development (Tg) is achieved in 4-6 hrs having a pot life of 420-500 minutes. | A slow reacting epoxy resin system is disclosed. The slow reacting epoxy resin system comprises a high purity epoxy resin component selected from the group comprising of a high purity Bisphenol A(BPA), a high purity Bisphenol F (BPF), and a combination thereof, and an amine curing agent. The initial viscosity after mixing the high purity epoxy resin component and the amine curing agent is less than 350 mPa·s at 25° C.1. A slow reacting epoxy resin system comprising:
a high purity epoxy resin component selected from a group comprising of a high purity Bisphenol A (BPA), a high purity Bisphenol F (BPF), and a combination thereof, having viscosity in a range of 800-8000 mPa·s; and an amine curing agent, 2. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high purity epoxy resin component comprises 60 to 90 wt. % of the high purity Bisphenol A (BPA) and 10 to 40 wt. % of the high purity Bisphenol F (BPF), of the total weight of the high purity epoxy resin component. 3. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high purity epoxy resin component comprises 70 to 80 wt. % of the high purity Bisphenol A (BPA) and 20 to 30 wt. % of the high purity Bisphenol F (BPF) of the total weight of the high purity epoxy resin component. 4. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high purity Bisphenol A (BPA) has an epoxy equivalent weight (EEW) in a range of 171 to 183 gm/eq. 5. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high purity Bisphenol F (BPF) has an epoxy equivalent weight (EEW) in a range of 155 to 165 gm/eq. 6. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high purity Bisphenol A (BPA) has a monomer content in a range of 85% to 99.9%. 7. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high purity epoxy resin component has by-products and impurities less than 5000 ppm. 8. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amine curing agent is selected from a group comprising modified aliphatic amines, cycloaliphatic amines, polyether amine, aromatic amines and unmodified aliphatic amines, cycloaliphatic amines, polyether amine, aromatic amines and a combination thereof. 9. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amine curing agent comprises one or more linear aliphatic amine. 10. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amine curing agent comprises 72 to 100 wt. % of a first linear aliphatic amine and 0 to 14 wt. % of a second linear aliphatic amine of the total weight of the amine curing agent. 11. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the w/w ratio of the high purity epoxy resin component and the amine curing agent is in a range of 100:10 to 100:50. 12. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the w/w ratio of the high purity epoxy resin component and the amine curing agent is in a range of 100:25 to 100:35. 13. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising additives selected from the group consisting of modifiers, diluents or combination thereof, wherein the initial viscosity of the epoxy resin system is in the range of 150 to 250 mPa·s. 14. A slow reacting epoxy resin system as claimed in claim 1, for use as structural composite wherein the strength development (Tg) is achieved in 4-6 hrs having a pot life of 420-500 minutes. | 1,700 |
340,708 | 16,642,161 | 1,762 | Provided are devices and methods relating to temperature control in a solid state drive (SSD). A SSD (10, 110, 210, 310, 410, 510,610, 710) including a housing (12, 112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612, 712) including a plurality of sides surrounding an interior region. The SSD (10, 110, 210, 310, 410, 510, 610, 710) includes at least one vent (14, 114, 214, 314, 414, 514, 614, 714) on the housing (12, 112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612, 712), the at least one vent (14, 114, 214, 314, 414, 514, 614, 714) configured to be opened and closed in response to a signal. The SSD (10, 110, 210, 310, 410, 510,610, 710) also includes a temperature sensor and a controller, the controller configured to send a signal to open the at least one vent (14, 114, 214, 314, 414, 514, 614, 714) when a temperature sensed inside the interior region reaches a first temperature, and the controller configured to close the at least one vent (14, 114, 214, 314, 414, 514, 614, 714) when a temperature sensed inside the interior region reaches a second temperature, wherein the first temperature is greater than the second temperature. | 1. A solid state drive (SSD) comprising:
a housing including a plurality of sides surrounding an interior region; a temperature sensor; and at least one vent in the housing, the at least one vent configured to be opened and closed based on temperature data sensed by the temperature sensor. 2. The solid state drive of claim 1, the housing including a first side opposite a second side, the at least one vent comprising a plurality of vents on the first side and a plurality of vents on the second side. 3. The solid state drive of claim 1, the at least one vent comprising a plurality of vents configured in two rows on at least one side of the housing. 4. The solid state drive of claim 1, further comprising a controller that is programmed to open the at least one vent when a first temperature is reached in the housing, and programmed to close the at least one vent when a second temperature is reached in the housing, the first temperature being greater than the second temperature. 5. The solid state drive of claim 1, wherein the at least one vent comprises an opening in the housing and a structure configured to impede a flow of gas into the interior region when in a closed position and to permit the flow of gas into the interior region when in an open position. 6. The solid state drive of claim 5, wherein the structure is positioned in the interior region. 7. The solid state drive of claim 5, wherein the structure comprises a door, and further comprising a door actuation mechanism selected from the group consisting of a roller mechanism and a slider mechanism. 8. The solid state drive of claim 4, wherein the at least one vent comprises a plurality of vents, and wherein the controller is configured to independently control each vent. 9. The solid state drive of claim 1, further comprising a printed circuit board (PCB) in the interior region, the PCB including a plurality of memory chips positioned thereon. 10. The solid state drive of claim 1, wherein the SSD comprises a drive having a form factor selected from the group consisting of 2.5 inch and 3.5 inch drive form factors. 11. A solid state drive (SSD) comprising:
a housing including a plurality of sides surrounding an interior region; at least one vent on the housing, the at least one vent configured to be opened and closed in response to a signal; a temperature sensor; a controller configured to send a signal to:
open the at least one vent when a temperature sensed inside the interior region reaches a first temperature; and
close the at least one vent when a temperature sensed inside the interior region reaches a second temperature, wherein the first temperature is greater than the second temperature. 12. The solid state drive of claim 11, wherein the at least one vent comprises a plurality of vents, and wherein the controller is configured to independently control each vent. 13. The solid state drive of claim 11, wherein the second temperature is 2° C. to 4° C. less than the first temperature. 14. The solid state drive of claim 11, wherein the at least one vent comprises an opening in the housing and a structure configured to impede a flow of gas into the interior region when in a closed position and to permit the flow of gas into the interior region when in an open position, and wherein the structure is positioned in the interior region. 15. A method for controlling the temperature of a solid state drive (SSD), comprising selectively opening and closing at least one vent in the solid state drive in response to measured temperature data. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the selectively opening and closing the at least one vent comprises:
positioning the vent in a closed configuration; after the positioning the vent in the closed configuration, sensing a first SSD temperature; opening the vent in response to a determination that the first SSD temperature is greater than a first predetermined temperature; and after the opening the vent in response to the determination, sensing a second SSD temperature and closing the vent in response to a determination that the second SSD temperature is less than a second predetermined temperature, wherein the second predetermined temperature is less than the first predetermined temperature. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising, after the closing the vent in response to the determination that the second SSD temperature is less than the second predetermined temperature, sensing a third SSD temperature and opening the vent in response to a determination that the third SSD temperature is greater than the first predetermined temperature. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising, after the closing the vent in response to the determination that the second SSD temperature is less than the second predetermined temperature, sensing a third SSD temperature and keeping the vent closed in response to a determination that the third SSD temperature is not greater than the first predetermined temperature. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the selectively opening and closing the vent comprises:
positioning the vent in a closed configuration; after the positioning the vent in the closed configuration, sensing a first SSD temperature; determining whether the first SSD temperature is greater than a first predetermined temperature; opening the vent in response to a determination that the first SSD temperature is greater than the first predetermined temperature; and after the opening the vent in response to the determination, sensing a second SSD temperature and keeping the vent open in response to a determination that the second SSD temperature is not less than a second predetermined temperature, wherein the second predetermined temperature is less than the first predetermined temperature. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising, after the keeping the vent open in response to the determination that the second SSD temperature is not less than the second predetermined temperature, sensing a third SSD temperature and keeping the vent open in response to a determination that the third SSD temperature is not less than the second predetermined temperature. 21. The method of claim 19, further comprising, after the keeping the vent open in response to the determination that the second SSD temperature is not less than the second predetermined temperature, sensing a third SSD temperature and closing the vent in response to a determination that the third SSD temperature is less than the second predetermined temperature. 22. The method of claim 16, wherein the sensing the second SSD temperature is carried out at least 5 seconds after the sensing the first SSD temperature. 23. The method of claim 16, wherein the second predetermined temperature is less than the first predetermined temperature by an amount in the range of 2° C. to 4° C. 24. (canceled) 25. The method of claim 19, wherein the sensing the second SSD temperature is carried out at least 5 seconds after the sensing the first SSD temperature. 26. The method of claim 19, wherein the second predetermined temperature is less than the first predetermined temperature by an amount in the range of 2° C. to 4° C. | Provided are devices and methods relating to temperature control in a solid state drive (SSD). A SSD (10, 110, 210, 310, 410, 510,610, 710) including a housing (12, 112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612, 712) including a plurality of sides surrounding an interior region. The SSD (10, 110, 210, 310, 410, 510, 610, 710) includes at least one vent (14, 114, 214, 314, 414, 514, 614, 714) on the housing (12, 112, 212, 312, 412, 512, 612, 712), the at least one vent (14, 114, 214, 314, 414, 514, 614, 714) configured to be opened and closed in response to a signal. The SSD (10, 110, 210, 310, 410, 510,610, 710) also includes a temperature sensor and a controller, the controller configured to send a signal to open the at least one vent (14, 114, 214, 314, 414, 514, 614, 714) when a temperature sensed inside the interior region reaches a first temperature, and the controller configured to close the at least one vent (14, 114, 214, 314, 414, 514, 614, 714) when a temperature sensed inside the interior region reaches a second temperature, wherein the first temperature is greater than the second temperature.1. A solid state drive (SSD) comprising:
a housing including a plurality of sides surrounding an interior region; a temperature sensor; and at least one vent in the housing, the at least one vent configured to be opened and closed based on temperature data sensed by the temperature sensor. 2. The solid state drive of claim 1, the housing including a first side opposite a second side, the at least one vent comprising a plurality of vents on the first side and a plurality of vents on the second side. 3. The solid state drive of claim 1, the at least one vent comprising a plurality of vents configured in two rows on at least one side of the housing. 4. The solid state drive of claim 1, further comprising a controller that is programmed to open the at least one vent when a first temperature is reached in the housing, and programmed to close the at least one vent when a second temperature is reached in the housing, the first temperature being greater than the second temperature. 5. The solid state drive of claim 1, wherein the at least one vent comprises an opening in the housing and a structure configured to impede a flow of gas into the interior region when in a closed position and to permit the flow of gas into the interior region when in an open position. 6. The solid state drive of claim 5, wherein the structure is positioned in the interior region. 7. The solid state drive of claim 5, wherein the structure comprises a door, and further comprising a door actuation mechanism selected from the group consisting of a roller mechanism and a slider mechanism. 8. The solid state drive of claim 4, wherein the at least one vent comprises a plurality of vents, and wherein the controller is configured to independently control each vent. 9. The solid state drive of claim 1, further comprising a printed circuit board (PCB) in the interior region, the PCB including a plurality of memory chips positioned thereon. 10. The solid state drive of claim 1, wherein the SSD comprises a drive having a form factor selected from the group consisting of 2.5 inch and 3.5 inch drive form factors. 11. A solid state drive (SSD) comprising:
a housing including a plurality of sides surrounding an interior region; at least one vent on the housing, the at least one vent configured to be opened and closed in response to a signal; a temperature sensor; a controller configured to send a signal to:
open the at least one vent when a temperature sensed inside the interior region reaches a first temperature; and
close the at least one vent when a temperature sensed inside the interior region reaches a second temperature, wherein the first temperature is greater than the second temperature. 12. The solid state drive of claim 11, wherein the at least one vent comprises a plurality of vents, and wherein the controller is configured to independently control each vent. 13. The solid state drive of claim 11, wherein the second temperature is 2° C. to 4° C. less than the first temperature. 14. The solid state drive of claim 11, wherein the at least one vent comprises an opening in the housing and a structure configured to impede a flow of gas into the interior region when in a closed position and to permit the flow of gas into the interior region when in an open position, and wherein the structure is positioned in the interior region. 15. A method for controlling the temperature of a solid state drive (SSD), comprising selectively opening and closing at least one vent in the solid state drive in response to measured temperature data. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the selectively opening and closing the at least one vent comprises:
positioning the vent in a closed configuration; after the positioning the vent in the closed configuration, sensing a first SSD temperature; opening the vent in response to a determination that the first SSD temperature is greater than a first predetermined temperature; and after the opening the vent in response to the determination, sensing a second SSD temperature and closing the vent in response to a determination that the second SSD temperature is less than a second predetermined temperature, wherein the second predetermined temperature is less than the first predetermined temperature. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising, after the closing the vent in response to the determination that the second SSD temperature is less than the second predetermined temperature, sensing a third SSD temperature and opening the vent in response to a determination that the third SSD temperature is greater than the first predetermined temperature. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising, after the closing the vent in response to the determination that the second SSD temperature is less than the second predetermined temperature, sensing a third SSD temperature and keeping the vent closed in response to a determination that the third SSD temperature is not greater than the first predetermined temperature. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the selectively opening and closing the vent comprises:
positioning the vent in a closed configuration; after the positioning the vent in the closed configuration, sensing a first SSD temperature; determining whether the first SSD temperature is greater than a first predetermined temperature; opening the vent in response to a determination that the first SSD temperature is greater than the first predetermined temperature; and after the opening the vent in response to the determination, sensing a second SSD temperature and keeping the vent open in response to a determination that the second SSD temperature is not less than a second predetermined temperature, wherein the second predetermined temperature is less than the first predetermined temperature. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising, after the keeping the vent open in response to the determination that the second SSD temperature is not less than the second predetermined temperature, sensing a third SSD temperature and keeping the vent open in response to a determination that the third SSD temperature is not less than the second predetermined temperature. 21. The method of claim 19, further comprising, after the keeping the vent open in response to the determination that the second SSD temperature is not less than the second predetermined temperature, sensing a third SSD temperature and closing the vent in response to a determination that the third SSD temperature is less than the second predetermined temperature. 22. The method of claim 16, wherein the sensing the second SSD temperature is carried out at least 5 seconds after the sensing the first SSD temperature. 23. The method of claim 16, wherein the second predetermined temperature is less than the first predetermined temperature by an amount in the range of 2° C. to 4° C. 24. (canceled) 25. The method of claim 19, wherein the sensing the second SSD temperature is carried out at least 5 seconds after the sensing the first SSD temperature. 26. The method of claim 19, wherein the second predetermined temperature is less than the first predetermined temperature by an amount in the range of 2° C. to 4° C. | 1,700 |
340,709 | 16,642,184 | 1,762 | Described are devices for and methods of modulating a fluid sample. The devices (10, 40, 60, 80, 100, 130, 160, 220) include at least one sample-modulating component (20, 76, 78, 90, 110, 112, 116, 150, 152, 154, 162, 164, 182, 184, 186, 222, and 230) and, in some embodiments, two or more sample-modulating components. The sample-modulating components are each capable of performing a function selected from the following group: concentrating the sample to increase a concentration of a first constituent of the sample; diluting the sample to decrease a concentration of a second constituent in of the sample; desalinating the sample to decrease the total moles of salt in the sample volume or causing a temporary decrease in the osmolarity; adjusting pH of the sample to bring a pH of the sample into a predetermined range; absorbing one or more nonpolar substances to decrease a concentration of the nonpolar substances; and delivering one or more reagents to the sample to provide a desired concentration of the reagent in the sample. | 1. A device for modulating a fluid sample comprising:
two or more sample-modulating components each capable of performing a function selected from the following group:
concentrating the sample to increase a concentration of a first constituent of the sample by at least 1.5×;
diluting the sample to decrease a concentration of a second constituent in of the sample by at least 25%;
desalinating the sample to decrease the total moles of salt in the sample volume by at least 50% or causing a temporary decrease in the osmolarity by 50%;
adjusting pH of the sample to bring a pH of the sample into a predetermined range;
absorbing one or more nonpolar substances to decrease a concentration of the nonpolar substances by at least 2×; and
delivering one or more reagents to the sample to provide a desired concentration of the reagent in the sample. 2. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
an analyte-specific sensor for measuring an analyte in the modulated sample. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the two or more sample-modulating components are in a single module and perform the functions simultaneously. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the device includes at least two modules in series, each of the modules including at least one of the sample-modulating components. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the reagent is one or more of the following: a fluorophore, a quencher, or a reagent tagged with at least one of the fluorophore or the quencher. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the fluorophore or the quencher is capable of coupling to an immobilized fluorophore or an immobilized quencher in the device. 7. A method of processing a fluid sample comprising:
flowing the sample through two or more sample-modulating components, each performing a function selected from the following group:
concentrating the sample to increase a concentration of a first constituent of the sample by at least 1.5×;
diluting the sample to decrease a concentration of a second constituent of the sample by at least 25%;
desalinating the sample to decrease the total moles of salt in the sample volume by at least 50% or causing a temporary decrease in the osmolarity by 50%.
adjusting pH of the sample to bring a pH of the sample into a predetermined range;
absorbing one or more nonpolar substances to decrease a concentration of the nonpolar substances by at least 2×; and
delivering one or more reagents to the sample to provide a desired concentration of the reagent in the sample. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
measuring an analyte in the modulated sample using an analyte-specific sensor. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein flowing includes flowing the sample through the two or more sample-modulating components simultaneously. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein flowing includes flowing the sample through the two or more sample-modulating components in series. 11. The method of claim 7 wherein the reagent is one or more of the following:
a fluorophore, a quencher, or a reagent tagged with at least one of the fluorophore or the quencher. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the fluorophore or the quencher is capable of coupling to an immobilized fluorophore or an immobilized quencher in the device. 13. A device for modulating a fluid sample comprising:
at least one sample-modulating component capable of performing a function selected from the following group:
concentrating the sample to increase a concentration of a first constituent in the sample by at least 1.5×;
diluting the sample to decrease a concentration of a second constituent in the sample by at least 25%;
desalinating the sample to decrease a concentration of salts in the sample by at least 50%;
adjusting pH of the sample to bring a pH of the sample into a predetermined range;
absorbing one or more nonpolar substances to decrease a concentration of the nonpolar substances by at least 2×; and
delivering one or more reagents to the sample to provide a desired concentration of the reagent in the sample; and
an analyte-specific sensor for measuring an analyte in the modulated sample, wherein the sensor provides feedback used to modify a flow of the sample through the sample-modulating component or a condition of the function performed by the sample-modulating component. 14. A method of processing a fluid sample comprising:
flowing the sample through at least one sample-modulating component performing a function selected from the following group:
concentrating the sample to increase a concentration of a first constituent in the sample;
diluting the sample to decrease a concentration of a second constituent in the sample;
desalinating the sample to decrease a concentration of salts in the sample;
adjusting pH of the sample to bring a pH of the sample into a predetermined range;
absorbing one or more nonpolar substances to decrease a concentration of the nonpolar substances; and
delivering one or more reagents to the sample to provide a desired concentration of the reagent in the sample;
measuring a property of the modulated sample or of the process conditions using a sensor; and modifying a flow of the sample through the sample-modulating component or a condition of the function performed by the sample-modulating component based on feedback from the sensor. 15. A device for preparing a fluid sample comprising:
a sample-modulating component capable of delivering one or more reagents to the sample by osmotic flux to provide a desired concentration of the reagent in the sample; and an analyte-specific sensor for measuring an analyte in the sample. 16. A method of processing a fluid sample comprising:
collecting the sample; flowing the sample through a sample-modulating component delivering one or more reagents to the sample by osmotic flux to provide a desired concentration of the reagent in the sample; and measuring an analyte in the modulated sample using an analyte-specific sensor. 17. A device for preparing a fluid sample comprising:
a sample-modulating component capable of desalinating the sample using electrodialysis to decrease a concentration of salt in the sample at least 50%; and an analyte-specific sensor for measuring an analyte in the sample. 18. (canceled) 19. A method of processing a fluid sample comprising:
flowing the sample through a sample-modulating component desalinating the sample using electrodialysis to decrease a concentration of salts in the sample; and measuring an analyte in the modulated sample using an analyte-specific sensor. 20. The method in claim 19 wherein the steps are performed by a module incorporated into a device comprising two or more sample-modulating components each capable of performing a function selected from the following group:
concentrating the sample to increase a concentration of a first constituent of the sample by at least 1.5×;
diluting the sample to decrease a concentration of a second constituent in of the sample by at least 25%;
desalinating the sample to decrease the total moles of salt in the sample volume by at least 50% or causing a temporary decrease in the osmolarity by 50%:
adjusting pH of the sample to bring a pH of the sample into a predetermined range;
absorbing one or more nonpolar substances to decrease a concentration of the nonpolar substances by at least 2×; and
delivering one or more reagents to the sample to provide a desired concentration of the reagent in the sample. 21. A device for preparing a fluid sample comprising:
a sample-modulating component capable of:
concentrating the sample to increase a concentration of an analyte in the sample by at least 1.5×, or
diluting the sample to decrease the concentration of the analyte in the sample by at least 25%; and
an analyte-specific sensor for measuring the analyte in the sample, wherein the device is capable of applying an electric potential that modulates an extent of concentration or dilution. 22. A method of processing a fluid sample comprising:
flowing the sample through a sample-modulating component that
concentrates the sample to increase a concentration of an analyte in the sample; or
dilutes the sample to decrease the concentration of the analyte in the sample;
applying an electric potential to modulate an extent of concentration or dilution; and measuring the analyte in the modulated sample using an analyte-specific sensor. 23. The device of claim 15, wherein two solutes are introduced and a ratio of the two solutes is measured to give a quantitative measurement. 24. The method of claim 19 further comprising flowing the sample through two or more sample-modulating components, each performing a function selected from the following group:
concentrating the sample to increase a concentration of a first constituent of the sample by at least 1.5×;
diluting the sample to decrease a concentration of a second constituent of the sample by at least 25%;
desalinating the sample to decrease the total moles of salt in the sample volume by at least 50% or causing a temporary decrease in the osmolarity by 50%.
adjusting pH of the sample to bring a pH of the sample into a predetermined range;
absorbing one or more nonpolar substances to decrease a concentration of the nonpolar substances by at least 2×; and
delivering one or more reagents to the sample to provide a desired concentration of the reagent in the sample. | Described are devices for and methods of modulating a fluid sample. The devices (10, 40, 60, 80, 100, 130, 160, 220) include at least one sample-modulating component (20, 76, 78, 90, 110, 112, 116, 150, 152, 154, 162, 164, 182, 184, 186, 222, and 230) and, in some embodiments, two or more sample-modulating components. The sample-modulating components are each capable of performing a function selected from the following group: concentrating the sample to increase a concentration of a first constituent of the sample; diluting the sample to decrease a concentration of a second constituent in of the sample; desalinating the sample to decrease the total moles of salt in the sample volume or causing a temporary decrease in the osmolarity; adjusting pH of the sample to bring a pH of the sample into a predetermined range; absorbing one or more nonpolar substances to decrease a concentration of the nonpolar substances; and delivering one or more reagents to the sample to provide a desired concentration of the reagent in the sample.1. A device for modulating a fluid sample comprising:
two or more sample-modulating components each capable of performing a function selected from the following group:
concentrating the sample to increase a concentration of a first constituent of the sample by at least 1.5×;
diluting the sample to decrease a concentration of a second constituent in of the sample by at least 25%;
desalinating the sample to decrease the total moles of salt in the sample volume by at least 50% or causing a temporary decrease in the osmolarity by 50%;
adjusting pH of the sample to bring a pH of the sample into a predetermined range;
absorbing one or more nonpolar substances to decrease a concentration of the nonpolar substances by at least 2×; and
delivering one or more reagents to the sample to provide a desired concentration of the reagent in the sample. 2. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
an analyte-specific sensor for measuring an analyte in the modulated sample. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the two or more sample-modulating components are in a single module and perform the functions simultaneously. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the device includes at least two modules in series, each of the modules including at least one of the sample-modulating components. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the reagent is one or more of the following: a fluorophore, a quencher, or a reagent tagged with at least one of the fluorophore or the quencher. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the fluorophore or the quencher is capable of coupling to an immobilized fluorophore or an immobilized quencher in the device. 7. A method of processing a fluid sample comprising:
flowing the sample through two or more sample-modulating components, each performing a function selected from the following group:
concentrating the sample to increase a concentration of a first constituent of the sample by at least 1.5×;
diluting the sample to decrease a concentration of a second constituent of the sample by at least 25%;
desalinating the sample to decrease the total moles of salt in the sample volume by at least 50% or causing a temporary decrease in the osmolarity by 50%.
adjusting pH of the sample to bring a pH of the sample into a predetermined range;
absorbing one or more nonpolar substances to decrease a concentration of the nonpolar substances by at least 2×; and
delivering one or more reagents to the sample to provide a desired concentration of the reagent in the sample. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
measuring an analyte in the modulated sample using an analyte-specific sensor. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein flowing includes flowing the sample through the two or more sample-modulating components simultaneously. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein flowing includes flowing the sample through the two or more sample-modulating components in series. 11. The method of claim 7 wherein the reagent is one or more of the following:
a fluorophore, a quencher, or a reagent tagged with at least one of the fluorophore or the quencher. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the fluorophore or the quencher is capable of coupling to an immobilized fluorophore or an immobilized quencher in the device. 13. A device for modulating a fluid sample comprising:
at least one sample-modulating component capable of performing a function selected from the following group:
concentrating the sample to increase a concentration of a first constituent in the sample by at least 1.5×;
diluting the sample to decrease a concentration of a second constituent in the sample by at least 25%;
desalinating the sample to decrease a concentration of salts in the sample by at least 50%;
adjusting pH of the sample to bring a pH of the sample into a predetermined range;
absorbing one or more nonpolar substances to decrease a concentration of the nonpolar substances by at least 2×; and
delivering one or more reagents to the sample to provide a desired concentration of the reagent in the sample; and
an analyte-specific sensor for measuring an analyte in the modulated sample, wherein the sensor provides feedback used to modify a flow of the sample through the sample-modulating component or a condition of the function performed by the sample-modulating component. 14. A method of processing a fluid sample comprising:
flowing the sample through at least one sample-modulating component performing a function selected from the following group:
concentrating the sample to increase a concentration of a first constituent in the sample;
diluting the sample to decrease a concentration of a second constituent in the sample;
desalinating the sample to decrease a concentration of salts in the sample;
adjusting pH of the sample to bring a pH of the sample into a predetermined range;
absorbing one or more nonpolar substances to decrease a concentration of the nonpolar substances; and
delivering one or more reagents to the sample to provide a desired concentration of the reagent in the sample;
measuring a property of the modulated sample or of the process conditions using a sensor; and modifying a flow of the sample through the sample-modulating component or a condition of the function performed by the sample-modulating component based on feedback from the sensor. 15. A device for preparing a fluid sample comprising:
a sample-modulating component capable of delivering one or more reagents to the sample by osmotic flux to provide a desired concentration of the reagent in the sample; and an analyte-specific sensor for measuring an analyte in the sample. 16. A method of processing a fluid sample comprising:
collecting the sample; flowing the sample through a sample-modulating component delivering one or more reagents to the sample by osmotic flux to provide a desired concentration of the reagent in the sample; and measuring an analyte in the modulated sample using an analyte-specific sensor. 17. A device for preparing a fluid sample comprising:
a sample-modulating component capable of desalinating the sample using electrodialysis to decrease a concentration of salt in the sample at least 50%; and an analyte-specific sensor for measuring an analyte in the sample. 18. (canceled) 19. A method of processing a fluid sample comprising:
flowing the sample through a sample-modulating component desalinating the sample using electrodialysis to decrease a concentration of salts in the sample; and measuring an analyte in the modulated sample using an analyte-specific sensor. 20. The method in claim 19 wherein the steps are performed by a module incorporated into a device comprising two or more sample-modulating components each capable of performing a function selected from the following group:
concentrating the sample to increase a concentration of a first constituent of the sample by at least 1.5×;
diluting the sample to decrease a concentration of a second constituent in of the sample by at least 25%;
desalinating the sample to decrease the total moles of salt in the sample volume by at least 50% or causing a temporary decrease in the osmolarity by 50%:
adjusting pH of the sample to bring a pH of the sample into a predetermined range;
absorbing one or more nonpolar substances to decrease a concentration of the nonpolar substances by at least 2×; and
delivering one or more reagents to the sample to provide a desired concentration of the reagent in the sample. 21. A device for preparing a fluid sample comprising:
a sample-modulating component capable of:
concentrating the sample to increase a concentration of an analyte in the sample by at least 1.5×, or
diluting the sample to decrease the concentration of the analyte in the sample by at least 25%; and
an analyte-specific sensor for measuring the analyte in the sample, wherein the device is capable of applying an electric potential that modulates an extent of concentration or dilution. 22. A method of processing a fluid sample comprising:
flowing the sample through a sample-modulating component that
concentrates the sample to increase a concentration of an analyte in the sample; or
dilutes the sample to decrease the concentration of the analyte in the sample;
applying an electric potential to modulate an extent of concentration or dilution; and measuring the analyte in the modulated sample using an analyte-specific sensor. 23. The device of claim 15, wherein two solutes are introduced and a ratio of the two solutes is measured to give a quantitative measurement. 24. The method of claim 19 further comprising flowing the sample through two or more sample-modulating components, each performing a function selected from the following group:
concentrating the sample to increase a concentration of a first constituent of the sample by at least 1.5×;
diluting the sample to decrease a concentration of a second constituent of the sample by at least 25%;
desalinating the sample to decrease the total moles of salt in the sample volume by at least 50% or causing a temporary decrease in the osmolarity by 50%.
adjusting pH of the sample to bring a pH of the sample into a predetermined range;
absorbing one or more nonpolar substances to decrease a concentration of the nonpolar substances by at least 2×; and
delivering one or more reagents to the sample to provide a desired concentration of the reagent in the sample. | 1,700 |
340,710 | 16,642,200 | 1,762 | A structured light projection system includes an array of light emitting elements operable, collectively, to emit a regular pattern of light. A first optical element is configured to alter the pattern of light emitted by the array of light emitting elements to generate a first irregular pattern of light, and a second optical element is configured to receive the irregular pattern of light generated by the first optical element and to produce a pattern comprising multiple instances of the first irregular pattern. | 1. A method of creating an irregular structured light pattern from a regular array of light emitting elements, the method comprising:
generating a regular pattern of light from a uniformly distributed array of light emitting elements; altering the regular pattern of light to generate an irregular pattern of light; and reproducing the irregular pattern of light in multiple instances arranged adjacent one another. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the array of light emitting elements includes columns and rows of light emitting elements, wherein the rows are either:
arranged perpendicularly relative to the columns; or
angled relative to the columns. 3. (canceled) 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the array of light emitting elements produces a regular pattern of a sub pattern of lights. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the array of light emitting elements produces a grid of a cluster of lights, wherein the grid has commonly shaped clusters in a first direction, and wherein the grid has differently shaped clusters in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. 6. The method of claim 1 further including receiving light emitted from the array of light emitting elements and project the light to a first diffractive optical element to generate the irregular pattern of light. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the irregular pattern of light is at least one of a randomized, non-uniform, non-grid, disrupted, unevenly spaced, partially obstructed, partially blocked, and/or non-equally distributed pattern. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein reproducing the irregular pattern in multiple instances arranged relative to one another includes producing a uniform distribution of the irregular pattern. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein reproducing the irregular pattern of light includes producing one of:
a tiled pattern; or
multiple interlaced instances of the irregular pattern of light; or
multiple partially overlapping instances of the irregular pattern of light. 10.-11. (canceled) 12. A structured light projection system comprising:
an array of light emitting elements operable, collectively, to emit a regular pattern of light; a first optical element configured to alter the pattern of light emitted by the array of light emitting elements to generate a first irregular pattern of light; and a second optical element configured to receive the irregular pattern of light generated by the first optical element and to produce a pattern comprising multiple instances of the first irregular pattern. 13. The structured light projection system of claim 12 wherein the array of light emitting elements includes columns and rows of light emitting elements, wherein the rows are either:
arranged perpendicularly relative to the columns; or
angled relative to the columns. 14. (canceled) 15. The structured light projection system of claim 12 wherein the array of light emitting elements is operable to project a regular pattern of a sub pattern of lights. 16. The structured light projection system of claim 12 wherein the array of light emitting elements is operable to project a grid of a cluster of lights, wherein the grid has commonly shaped clusters in a first direction, and wherein the grid has differently shaped clusters in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. 17. The structured light projection system of claim 12 further including a projection lens system operable to receive light emitted from the array of light emitting elements and to project the light to the first optical element. 18. The structured light projection system of claim 12 wherein the first irregular pattern of light is at least one of a randomized, non-uniform, non-grid, disrupted, unevenly spaced, partially obstructed, partially blocked, and/or non-equally distributed pattern. 19. The structured light projection system of claim 12 wherein the second optical element is arranged to produce a uniform distribution of the irregular pattern. 20. The structured light projection system of claim 12 wherein the second optical element is arranged to produce one of:
a tiled pattern; or
multiple interlaced instances of the irregular pattern of light; or
multiple partially overlapping instances of the irregular pattern of light. 21.-22. (canceled) 23. The structured light projection system of claim 12 wherein each of the first and second optical elements comprises a diffractive optical element. 24. The structured light projection system of claim 12 wherein the light emitting elements are VCSELs. 25. An optical sensor module comprising:
an optical source including a structured light projection system according to claim 12, the structured light projection system being operable to project a structured light pattern onto an object; an optical sensor to sense light reflected back from the object illuminated by the structured light pattern; and processing circuitry operable to determine a physical characteristic of the object based at least in part on a signal from the optical sensor. 26. A host device comprising an optical sensor module according to claim 25, wherein the host device is operable to use data obtained by the optical sensor of the optical sensor module for one or more functions executed by the host device; and, optionally, wherein the host device is a smartphone. | A structured light projection system includes an array of light emitting elements operable, collectively, to emit a regular pattern of light. A first optical element is configured to alter the pattern of light emitted by the array of light emitting elements to generate a first irregular pattern of light, and a second optical element is configured to receive the irregular pattern of light generated by the first optical element and to produce a pattern comprising multiple instances of the first irregular pattern.1. A method of creating an irregular structured light pattern from a regular array of light emitting elements, the method comprising:
generating a regular pattern of light from a uniformly distributed array of light emitting elements; altering the regular pattern of light to generate an irregular pattern of light; and reproducing the irregular pattern of light in multiple instances arranged adjacent one another. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the array of light emitting elements includes columns and rows of light emitting elements, wherein the rows are either:
arranged perpendicularly relative to the columns; or
angled relative to the columns. 3. (canceled) 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the array of light emitting elements produces a regular pattern of a sub pattern of lights. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the array of light emitting elements produces a grid of a cluster of lights, wherein the grid has commonly shaped clusters in a first direction, and wherein the grid has differently shaped clusters in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. 6. The method of claim 1 further including receiving light emitted from the array of light emitting elements and project the light to a first diffractive optical element to generate the irregular pattern of light. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the irregular pattern of light is at least one of a randomized, non-uniform, non-grid, disrupted, unevenly spaced, partially obstructed, partially blocked, and/or non-equally distributed pattern. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein reproducing the irregular pattern in multiple instances arranged relative to one another includes producing a uniform distribution of the irregular pattern. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein reproducing the irregular pattern of light includes producing one of:
a tiled pattern; or
multiple interlaced instances of the irregular pattern of light; or
multiple partially overlapping instances of the irregular pattern of light. 10.-11. (canceled) 12. A structured light projection system comprising:
an array of light emitting elements operable, collectively, to emit a regular pattern of light; a first optical element configured to alter the pattern of light emitted by the array of light emitting elements to generate a first irregular pattern of light; and a second optical element configured to receive the irregular pattern of light generated by the first optical element and to produce a pattern comprising multiple instances of the first irregular pattern. 13. The structured light projection system of claim 12 wherein the array of light emitting elements includes columns and rows of light emitting elements, wherein the rows are either:
arranged perpendicularly relative to the columns; or
angled relative to the columns. 14. (canceled) 15. The structured light projection system of claim 12 wherein the array of light emitting elements is operable to project a regular pattern of a sub pattern of lights. 16. The structured light projection system of claim 12 wherein the array of light emitting elements is operable to project a grid of a cluster of lights, wherein the grid has commonly shaped clusters in a first direction, and wherein the grid has differently shaped clusters in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. 17. The structured light projection system of claim 12 further including a projection lens system operable to receive light emitted from the array of light emitting elements and to project the light to the first optical element. 18. The structured light projection system of claim 12 wherein the first irregular pattern of light is at least one of a randomized, non-uniform, non-grid, disrupted, unevenly spaced, partially obstructed, partially blocked, and/or non-equally distributed pattern. 19. The structured light projection system of claim 12 wherein the second optical element is arranged to produce a uniform distribution of the irregular pattern. 20. The structured light projection system of claim 12 wherein the second optical element is arranged to produce one of:
a tiled pattern; or
multiple interlaced instances of the irregular pattern of light; or
multiple partially overlapping instances of the irregular pattern of light. 21.-22. (canceled) 23. The structured light projection system of claim 12 wherein each of the first and second optical elements comprises a diffractive optical element. 24. The structured light projection system of claim 12 wherein the light emitting elements are VCSELs. 25. An optical sensor module comprising:
an optical source including a structured light projection system according to claim 12, the structured light projection system being operable to project a structured light pattern onto an object; an optical sensor to sense light reflected back from the object illuminated by the structured light pattern; and processing circuitry operable to determine a physical characteristic of the object based at least in part on a signal from the optical sensor. 26. A host device comprising an optical sensor module according to claim 25, wherein the host device is operable to use data obtained by the optical sensor of the optical sensor module for one or more functions executed by the host device; and, optionally, wherein the host device is a smartphone. | 1,700 |
340,711 | 16,642,153 | 1,762 | Aspects of the present invention relate to a method of treating an epileptic encephalopathy in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering a composition comprising an effective amount of (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the mammal. | 1. A method of treating an epileptic encephalopathy in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering a composition comprising an effective amount of (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the mammal. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the epileptic encephalopathy is selected from the group of Dravet syndrome, Early myoclonic encephalopathy, Epilepsy with continuous spike-and-waves during slow-wave sleep other than Landau-Kleffner syndrome, epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures, Hypothalamic epilepsy, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Doose syndrome, Myoclonic status in non-progressive encephalopathies, Ohtahara syndrome or early infantile epileptic encephalopathy, West syndrome, Glycine encephalopathy, 15q duplication syndrome and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and seizures associated with mutations in CHD2, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-Like 5, SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN8A, ARX, KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNT1, KCNQ2, HCN1, PCDH19, GRIN1, GRIN2A and GRIN2B. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the epileptic encephalopathy is selected from the group of Dravet syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and seizures associated with mutations in CHD2, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-Like 5, SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN8A, ARX, KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNT1, KCNQ2, HCN1, PCDH19, GRIN1, GRIN2A and GRIN2B. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein administering the effective amount of (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof results in (i) a reduction in the frequency of seizures in the mammal and/or (ii) a reduction in the plasma 24HC levels in the mammal. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount of (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered orally. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount of (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered as a single unit dose. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the single unit dose is at least about 0.8 mg/kg. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the single unit dose is between about 2 mg/kg and about 12 mg/kg. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the single unit dose is selected from the consisting of about 0.8 mg/kg, about 2 mg/kg, about 3 mg/kg, about 3.33 mg/kg, about 4 mg/kg, about 5 mg/kg, about 6 mg/kg, about 10 mg/kg, and about 12 mg/kg. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount of (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered according to a dose regimen of either twice a day or once a day dosing. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the mammal is a human. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the human is an adult, a juvenile, a child, or an infant. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the effective amount of (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered as a single unit dose. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the single unit dose is less than about 1350 mg. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the single unit dose is between about 50 mg and about 800 mg. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the single unit dose is between about 100 mg and about 800 mg. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the single unit dose is selected from the group consisting of about 100 mg, about 150 mg, about 200 mg, about 300 mg, about 400 mg, about 600 mg and about 800 mg. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the effective amount of (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered twice a day. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone is administered at the daily dose of between about 100 mg and about 800 mg. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone is administered according to a dose regimen selected from the group consisting of about 50 mg twice a day, about 100 mg twice a day, about 200 mg twice a day, about 300 mg twice a day and about 400 mg twice a day. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone is administered according to a dose regimen of about 400 mg twice a day. 22. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering an additional composition comprising an effective amount of an additional anti-epileptic drug. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the additional anti-epileptic drug is selected from the group of acetazolamide, brivaracetam, bromide, cannabidiol, carbamazepine, clobazam, clonazepam, diazepam, eslicarbazepine acetate, ethosuximide, felbamate, fosphenytoin sodium, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, lorazepam, mephenytoin, methlyphenobarbital, methosuximide, nitrazepam, oxcarbazepine, perampanel, piracetam, phenobarbital, phenytoin, pregabalin, primidone, retigabine, rufinamide, sodium valproate, stiripentol, tiagabine, topiramate, fenfluramine, vigabatrin, and zonisamide. 24. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises one or more of an additional anti-epileptic drug and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the additional anti-epileptic drug is selected from the group of acetazolamide, brivaracetam, bromide, cannabidiol, carbamazepine, clobazam, clonazepam, diazepam, eslicarbazepine acetate, ethosuximide, felbamate, fosphenytoin sodium, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, lorazepam, mephenytoin, methlyphenobarbital, methosuximide, nitrazepam, oxcarbazepine, perampanel, piracetam, phenobarbital, phenytoin, pregabalin, primidone, retigabine, rufinamide, sodium valproate, stiripentol, tiagabine, topiramate, vigabatrin, and zonisamide. 26. (canceled) 27. (canceled) | Aspects of the present invention relate to a method of treating an epileptic encephalopathy in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering a composition comprising an effective amount of (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the mammal.1. A method of treating an epileptic encephalopathy in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering a composition comprising an effective amount of (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the mammal. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the epileptic encephalopathy is selected from the group of Dravet syndrome, Early myoclonic encephalopathy, Epilepsy with continuous spike-and-waves during slow-wave sleep other than Landau-Kleffner syndrome, epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures, Hypothalamic epilepsy, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Doose syndrome, Myoclonic status in non-progressive encephalopathies, Ohtahara syndrome or early infantile epileptic encephalopathy, West syndrome, Glycine encephalopathy, 15q duplication syndrome and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and seizures associated with mutations in CHD2, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-Like 5, SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN8A, ARX, KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNT1, KCNQ2, HCN1, PCDH19, GRIN1, GRIN2A and GRIN2B. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the epileptic encephalopathy is selected from the group of Dravet syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and seizures associated with mutations in CHD2, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-Like 5, SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN8A, ARX, KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNT1, KCNQ2, HCN1, PCDH19, GRIN1, GRIN2A and GRIN2B. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein administering the effective amount of (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof results in (i) a reduction in the frequency of seizures in the mammal and/or (ii) a reduction in the plasma 24HC levels in the mammal. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount of (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered orally. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount of (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered as a single unit dose. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the single unit dose is at least about 0.8 mg/kg. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the single unit dose is between about 2 mg/kg and about 12 mg/kg. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the single unit dose is selected from the consisting of about 0.8 mg/kg, about 2 mg/kg, about 3 mg/kg, about 3.33 mg/kg, about 4 mg/kg, about 5 mg/kg, about 6 mg/kg, about 10 mg/kg, and about 12 mg/kg. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount of (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered according to a dose regimen of either twice a day or once a day dosing. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the mammal is a human. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the human is an adult, a juvenile, a child, or an infant. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the effective amount of (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered as a single unit dose. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the single unit dose is less than about 1350 mg. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the single unit dose is between about 50 mg and about 800 mg. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the single unit dose is between about 100 mg and about 800 mg. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the single unit dose is selected from the group consisting of about 100 mg, about 150 mg, about 200 mg, about 300 mg, about 400 mg, about 600 mg and about 800 mg. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the effective amount of (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered twice a day. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone is administered at the daily dose of between about 100 mg and about 800 mg. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone is administered according to a dose regimen selected from the group consisting of about 50 mg twice a day, about 100 mg twice a day, about 200 mg twice a day, about 300 mg twice a day and about 400 mg twice a day. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein (4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl) (2,4′-bipyridin-3-yl)methanone is administered according to a dose regimen of about 400 mg twice a day. 22. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering an additional composition comprising an effective amount of an additional anti-epileptic drug. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the additional anti-epileptic drug is selected from the group of acetazolamide, brivaracetam, bromide, cannabidiol, carbamazepine, clobazam, clonazepam, diazepam, eslicarbazepine acetate, ethosuximide, felbamate, fosphenytoin sodium, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, lorazepam, mephenytoin, methlyphenobarbital, methosuximide, nitrazepam, oxcarbazepine, perampanel, piracetam, phenobarbital, phenytoin, pregabalin, primidone, retigabine, rufinamide, sodium valproate, stiripentol, tiagabine, topiramate, fenfluramine, vigabatrin, and zonisamide. 24. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises one or more of an additional anti-epileptic drug and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the additional anti-epileptic drug is selected from the group of acetazolamide, brivaracetam, bromide, cannabidiol, carbamazepine, clobazam, clonazepam, diazepam, eslicarbazepine acetate, ethosuximide, felbamate, fosphenytoin sodium, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, lorazepam, mephenytoin, methlyphenobarbital, methosuximide, nitrazepam, oxcarbazepine, perampanel, piracetam, phenobarbital, phenytoin, pregabalin, primidone, retigabine, rufinamide, sodium valproate, stiripentol, tiagabine, topiramate, vigabatrin, and zonisamide. 26. (canceled) 27. (canceled) | 1,700 |
340,712 | 16,642,207 | 1,723 | Methods are provided for prelithiating an electrode by contacting the electrode with a plurality of particles of one or more LixSiy alloys having specified lithium content and particle sizes. | 1. A method for prelithiating an electrode, said method comprising contacting the electrode with a plurality of particles of one or more LixSiy alloys, wherein at least about 95 vol % of the particles range in size from about 1 micrometer to about 200 micrometers, and each of the LixSiy alloys comprises lithium having a content in the range of about 10 wt % to about 90 wt %, wherein the contacting of the electrode is conducted on a surface of the electrode. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the LixSiy alloys has a lithium content in the range of about 10 wt % to about 70 wt %. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the LixSiy alloys has a lithium content in the range of about 15 wt % to about 60 wt %. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the LixSiy alloys has a lithium content in the range of about 40 wt % to about 50 wt %. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein two or more of the particles range in size from about 1 micrometer to about 150 micrometers. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein two or more of the particles range in size from about 1 micrometer to about 70 micrometers. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein two or more of the particles range in size from about 1 micrometer to about 50 micrometers. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the LixSiy alloys has been contacted with an organic substance. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the LixSiy alloy has been contacted with an inorganic substance. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrode is a graphite-based electrode or a silicon-based electrode. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein prelithiating of the electrode is conducted substantially in the absence of a solvent. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein prelithiating of the electrode is conducted in the presence of a solvent. 13. (canceled) 14. An electrode prelithiated according to the method of claim 1. 15. A battery comprising the electrode of claim 14. 16. The battery of claim 15, wherein the electrode is an anode. 17. The battery of claim 16, wherein the anode is adapted to release a greater amount of lithium when the battery undergoes a first charge/discharge cycle than the anode would have released had it not been prelithiated according to the method of claim 1. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the LixSiy alloys has been contacted with an organic substance, wherein the organic substance comprises boron. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the LixSiy alloys has been contacted with an organic substance, wherein the organic substance comprises boron and oxygen. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the LixSiy alloys has been contacted with an organic substance, wherein the organic substance comprises lithium bis(oxalate)borate. | Methods are provided for prelithiating an electrode by contacting the electrode with a plurality of particles of one or more LixSiy alloys having specified lithium content and particle sizes.1. A method for prelithiating an electrode, said method comprising contacting the electrode with a plurality of particles of one or more LixSiy alloys, wherein at least about 95 vol % of the particles range in size from about 1 micrometer to about 200 micrometers, and each of the LixSiy alloys comprises lithium having a content in the range of about 10 wt % to about 90 wt %, wherein the contacting of the electrode is conducted on a surface of the electrode. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the LixSiy alloys has a lithium content in the range of about 10 wt % to about 70 wt %. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the LixSiy alloys has a lithium content in the range of about 15 wt % to about 60 wt %. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the LixSiy alloys has a lithium content in the range of about 40 wt % to about 50 wt %. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein two or more of the particles range in size from about 1 micrometer to about 150 micrometers. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein two or more of the particles range in size from about 1 micrometer to about 70 micrometers. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein two or more of the particles range in size from about 1 micrometer to about 50 micrometers. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the LixSiy alloys has been contacted with an organic substance. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the LixSiy alloy has been contacted with an inorganic substance. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrode is a graphite-based electrode or a silicon-based electrode. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein prelithiating of the electrode is conducted substantially in the absence of a solvent. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein prelithiating of the electrode is conducted in the presence of a solvent. 13. (canceled) 14. An electrode prelithiated according to the method of claim 1. 15. A battery comprising the electrode of claim 14. 16. The battery of claim 15, wherein the electrode is an anode. 17. The battery of claim 16, wherein the anode is adapted to release a greater amount of lithium when the battery undergoes a first charge/discharge cycle than the anode would have released had it not been prelithiated according to the method of claim 1. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the LixSiy alloys has been contacted with an organic substance, wherein the organic substance comprises boron. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the LixSiy alloys has been contacted with an organic substance, wherein the organic substance comprises boron and oxygen. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the LixSiy alloys has been contacted with an organic substance, wherein the organic substance comprises lithium bis(oxalate)borate. | 1,700 |
340,713 | 16,642,209 | 1,723 | A frame for steel furniture and a frame assembly, wherein the frame has a simple structure due to having a press groove and a bent bar formed in a hollow bar, is easily assembled through a connecting part or the like, thus greatly reducing manufacturing, installation, and maintenance costs, and can be expanded as in various embodiments. The frame, which is for steel furniture and formed by a hollow rectangular bar, is characterized in that: the corner of the rectangular bar is press-processed by a jig having a predetermined thickness, thereby forming the press groove in two surfaces contacting the corner; the bent bar having an “L”-shape forms inside the hollow rectangular bar while the press groove is being formed; and threads for fastening a fastening screw are formed on one surface of the bent bar, wherein the one surface faces the press groove. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. A frame assembly for steel furniture, comprising:
A frame for steel furniture, the frame being configured by a hollow quadrangular bar, wherein a corner of the quadrangular bar is pressed by a jig having a predetermined thickness to form a pressed slit in two surfaces neighboring to the corner, and an “L”-shaped bent bar is formed inside the hollow quadrangular bar by formation of the pressed slit, and the bent bar is configured such that threads for fastening a fastening screw are formed on a surface of the bent bar, the surface facing the pressed slit; a first horizontal bar including a fastening hole formed in each of upper and lower surfaces thereof such that the respective fastening holes face each other in up and down directions; and a fastening screw inserted into the frame by being fastened to the fastening hole that is formed in a surface of the first horizontal bar, the surface being opposite to a surface where the frame is provided, and fastened to the bent bar formed inside the quadrangular bar of the frame so as to connect and fix the frame and the first horizontal bar to each other. 27. A frame assembly for steel furniture, comprising:
A frame for steel furniture, the frame being configured by a hollow quadrangular bar, wherein each of at least two corners of the quadrangular bar diagonally facing each other is pressed by a jig having a predetermined thickness to form a pressed slit in two surfaces neighboring to the corners, and at least two “L”-shaped bent bars are formed inside the hollow quadrangular bar by formation of the respective pressed slits, and each of the bent bars is configured such that threads for fastening a fastening screw are formed on a surface of the bent bar, the surface facing each of the pressed slits; a first horizontal bar including a fastening hole formed in each of upper and lower surfaces thereof such that the respective fastening holes face each other in up and down directions; and a fastening screw inserted into the frame by being fastened to the fastening hole that is formed in a surface of the first horizontal bar, the surface being opposite to a surface where the frame is provided, and fastened to the bent bar formed inside the quadrangular bar of the frame so as to connect and fix the frame and the first horizontal bar to each other. 28. A frame assembly for steel furniture, comprising:
A frame for steel furniture, the frame being configured by a hollow quadrangular bar, wherein a corner of the quadrangular bar is pressed by a jig having a predetermined thickness to form a pressed slit in two surfaces neighboring to the corner, and an “L”-shaped bent bar is formed inside the hollow quadrangular bar by formation of the pressed slit, and the bent bar is configured such that threads for fastening a fastening screw are formed on a surface of the bent bar, the surface facing the pressed slit; a second horizontal bar provided at an end of the frame; and a fixing piece connected to the end of the frame while surrounding an outside of the second horizontal bar, and fixing the second horizontal bar to the frame using a fastening screw that is fastened to each of opposite ends of the fixing piece and is inserted into the quadrangular bar of the frame so as to be fastened to the bent bar. 29. The frame assembly of claim 26, wherein a fastening hole is further formed in each of front and rear surfaces of the first horizontal bar such that the respective fastening holes face each other in front and rear directions. 30. The frame assembly of claim 27, wherein a fastening hole is further formed in each of front and rear surfaces of the first horizontal bar such that the respective fastening holes face each other in front and rear directions. 31. The frame assembly of claim 26, wherein at least one pressed slit and at least one bent bar are further formed above or below the pressed slit and the bent bar, respectively. 32. The frame assembly of claim 27, wherein at least one pressed slit and at least one bent bar are further formed above or below the pressed slit and the bent bar, respectively. 33. The frame assembly of claim 28, wherein at least one pressed slit and at least one bent bar are further formed above or below the pressed slit and the bent bar, respectively. 34. A frame for steel furniture, the frame being configured by a hollow quadrangular bar and comprising:
a pressed slit which is open in a predetermined area in two surfaces neighboring to a corner of the quadrangular bar; and a screw including a body portion of a predetermined volume and a fastening portion of a predetermined length provided at one side of the body portion and having a thread, inserted into the pressed slit to be positioned inside the quadrangular bar, and configured such that the fastening portion is fastened to an object to be coupled that is connected to an end of the quadrangular bar while the body portion is supported by the pressed slit. 35. The frame of claim 34, further comprising:
a fixing bracket formed in a “U” shape so that the body portion of the screw is located therein, including a through-hole formed in a surface thereof and through which the fastening portion of the screw protrudes, and forcibly fitted into the pressed slit such that an open end thereof is supported by the pressed slit. 36. A frame assembly configured such that a first horizontal bar of a predetermined length in which at least one fastening hole is formed or a fixing plate of a predetermined area in which at least one fastening hole is formed is provided,
the end of the quadrangular bar of the frame of claim 31 is connected to one surface of the first horizontal bar or the fixing plate while surrounding the fastening hole of the first horizontal bar or the fastening hole of the fixing plate, and the fastening screw provided inside the quadrangular bar of the frame is fastened to the fastening hole of the first horizontal bar or the fastening hole of the fixing plate, whereby the first horizontal bar or the fixing plate and the frame are coupled to each other. 37. The frame of claim 36, wherein the fixing plate further includes:
a connecting portion protruding from the fixing plate within a predetermined area that can be fitted into the end of the quadrangular bar, and in which the fastening hole is located. | A frame for steel furniture and a frame assembly, wherein the frame has a simple structure due to having a press groove and a bent bar formed in a hollow bar, is easily assembled through a connecting part or the like, thus greatly reducing manufacturing, installation, and maintenance costs, and can be expanded as in various embodiments. The frame, which is for steel furniture and formed by a hollow rectangular bar, is characterized in that: the corner of the rectangular bar is press-processed by a jig having a predetermined thickness, thereby forming the press groove in two surfaces contacting the corner; the bent bar having an “L”-shape forms inside the hollow rectangular bar while the press groove is being formed; and threads for fastening a fastening screw are formed on one surface of the bent bar, wherein the one surface faces the press groove.1-25. (canceled) 26. A frame assembly for steel furniture, comprising:
A frame for steel furniture, the frame being configured by a hollow quadrangular bar, wherein a corner of the quadrangular bar is pressed by a jig having a predetermined thickness to form a pressed slit in two surfaces neighboring to the corner, and an “L”-shaped bent bar is formed inside the hollow quadrangular bar by formation of the pressed slit, and the bent bar is configured such that threads for fastening a fastening screw are formed on a surface of the bent bar, the surface facing the pressed slit; a first horizontal bar including a fastening hole formed in each of upper and lower surfaces thereof such that the respective fastening holes face each other in up and down directions; and a fastening screw inserted into the frame by being fastened to the fastening hole that is formed in a surface of the first horizontal bar, the surface being opposite to a surface where the frame is provided, and fastened to the bent bar formed inside the quadrangular bar of the frame so as to connect and fix the frame and the first horizontal bar to each other. 27. A frame assembly for steel furniture, comprising:
A frame for steel furniture, the frame being configured by a hollow quadrangular bar, wherein each of at least two corners of the quadrangular bar diagonally facing each other is pressed by a jig having a predetermined thickness to form a pressed slit in two surfaces neighboring to the corners, and at least two “L”-shaped bent bars are formed inside the hollow quadrangular bar by formation of the respective pressed slits, and each of the bent bars is configured such that threads for fastening a fastening screw are formed on a surface of the bent bar, the surface facing each of the pressed slits; a first horizontal bar including a fastening hole formed in each of upper and lower surfaces thereof such that the respective fastening holes face each other in up and down directions; and a fastening screw inserted into the frame by being fastened to the fastening hole that is formed in a surface of the first horizontal bar, the surface being opposite to a surface where the frame is provided, and fastened to the bent bar formed inside the quadrangular bar of the frame so as to connect and fix the frame and the first horizontal bar to each other. 28. A frame assembly for steel furniture, comprising:
A frame for steel furniture, the frame being configured by a hollow quadrangular bar, wherein a corner of the quadrangular bar is pressed by a jig having a predetermined thickness to form a pressed slit in two surfaces neighboring to the corner, and an “L”-shaped bent bar is formed inside the hollow quadrangular bar by formation of the pressed slit, and the bent bar is configured such that threads for fastening a fastening screw are formed on a surface of the bent bar, the surface facing the pressed slit; a second horizontal bar provided at an end of the frame; and a fixing piece connected to the end of the frame while surrounding an outside of the second horizontal bar, and fixing the second horizontal bar to the frame using a fastening screw that is fastened to each of opposite ends of the fixing piece and is inserted into the quadrangular bar of the frame so as to be fastened to the bent bar. 29. The frame assembly of claim 26, wherein a fastening hole is further formed in each of front and rear surfaces of the first horizontal bar such that the respective fastening holes face each other in front and rear directions. 30. The frame assembly of claim 27, wherein a fastening hole is further formed in each of front and rear surfaces of the first horizontal bar such that the respective fastening holes face each other in front and rear directions. 31. The frame assembly of claim 26, wherein at least one pressed slit and at least one bent bar are further formed above or below the pressed slit and the bent bar, respectively. 32. The frame assembly of claim 27, wherein at least one pressed slit and at least one bent bar are further formed above or below the pressed slit and the bent bar, respectively. 33. The frame assembly of claim 28, wherein at least one pressed slit and at least one bent bar are further formed above or below the pressed slit and the bent bar, respectively. 34. A frame for steel furniture, the frame being configured by a hollow quadrangular bar and comprising:
a pressed slit which is open in a predetermined area in two surfaces neighboring to a corner of the quadrangular bar; and a screw including a body portion of a predetermined volume and a fastening portion of a predetermined length provided at one side of the body portion and having a thread, inserted into the pressed slit to be positioned inside the quadrangular bar, and configured such that the fastening portion is fastened to an object to be coupled that is connected to an end of the quadrangular bar while the body portion is supported by the pressed slit. 35. The frame of claim 34, further comprising:
a fixing bracket formed in a “U” shape so that the body portion of the screw is located therein, including a through-hole formed in a surface thereof and through which the fastening portion of the screw protrudes, and forcibly fitted into the pressed slit such that an open end thereof is supported by the pressed slit. 36. A frame assembly configured such that a first horizontal bar of a predetermined length in which at least one fastening hole is formed or a fixing plate of a predetermined area in which at least one fastening hole is formed is provided,
the end of the quadrangular bar of the frame of claim 31 is connected to one surface of the first horizontal bar or the fixing plate while surrounding the fastening hole of the first horizontal bar or the fastening hole of the fixing plate, and the fastening screw provided inside the quadrangular bar of the frame is fastened to the fastening hole of the first horizontal bar or the fastening hole of the fixing plate, whereby the first horizontal bar or the fixing plate and the frame are coupled to each other. 37. The frame of claim 36, wherein the fixing plate further includes:
a connecting portion protruding from the fixing plate within a predetermined area that can be fitted into the end of the quadrangular bar, and in which the fastening hole is located. | 1,700 |
340,714 | 16,642,202 | 2,689 | The invention relates to a diagnostic device (1) for a field device from the field of automation technology, comprising a control unit (2), a sensor carrier (3), a stereo acoustic sensor (4), which is fastened to the sensor carrier (3), a first temperature sensor (5), which is fastened at a first position (P1) on the sensor carrier (3), and a second temperature sensor (6), which is fastened at a second position (P2) on the sensor carrier (3). The first position (P1) and the second position (P2) are remote from one another owing to a first spacing (A12). The sensor carrier (3) is suitable for being expanded such that the first spacing (A12) is changed. | 1-15. (canceled) 16. A diagnostic device for a field device from the field of automation technology, comprising:
a control unit; a sensor carrier; a stereo acoustic sensor, which is fastened on the sensor carrier; a first temperature sensor, which is fastened to the sensor carrier at a first position; and a second temperature sensor, which is fastened to the sensor carrier at a second position, wherein the first position and the second position are remote from one other by a first spacing, and the sensor carrier is suitable for being expanded such that the first spacing is changed. 17. The diagnostic device according to claim 16, further comprising:
a third temperature sensor, which is fastened to the sensor carrier at a third position, wherein the sensor carrier is suitable for being expanded in such a way that a second spacing between the first position and the third position as well as a third spacing between the second position and the third position are changed. 18. The diagnostic device according to claim 17, further comprising:
a fourth temperature sensor, which is fastened to the sensor carrier at a fourth position, wherein the sensor carrier is suitable for being expanded in such a way that a fourth spacing between the first position and the fourth position, and a fifth spacing between the second position and the fourth position, and a sixth spacing between the third position and the fourth position are changed. 19. The diagnostic device according to claim 16, further comprising:
a magnetic field sensor. 20. The diagnostic device according to claim 16, further comprising:
at least one of the sensors from the group consisting of: a photosensor, a position sensor, an acceleration sensor, a GPS sensor, and a pressure sensor. 21. The diagnostic device according to claim 16, wherein the control unit is suitable for outputting or wirelessly transmitting measurement data of the sensors or diagnostic messages. 22. A diagnostic method for diagnosing a field device from the field of automation technology, comprising the following steps:
providing a diagnostic device, including:
a control unit;
a sensor carrier;
a stereo acoustic sensor, which is fastened on the sensor carrier;
a first temperature sensor, which is fastened to the sensor carrier at a first position; and
a second temperature sensor, which is fastened to the sensor carrier at a second position,
wherein the first position and the second position are remote from one other by a first spacing, and the sensor carrier is suitable for being expanded such that the first spacing is changed;
expanding the sensor carrier of the diagnostic device in order to set the first spacing between the first position of the first temperature sensor and the second position of the second temperature sensor; placing the field device into operation; recording a reference acoustic emission profile of the field device by the stereo acoustic sensor during a first time period; recording a reference temperature profile by each temperature sensor during the first time period; storing the reference acoustic emission profile and the reference temperature profile; recording an operating acoustic emission profile by the stereo acoustic sensor during a second time period; recording an operating temperature profile by each temperature sensor during the second time period; storing the operating acoustic emission profile and the operating temperature profile; comparing the reference acoustic emission profile with the operating acoustic emission profile; comparing the reference temperature profile with the operating temperature profile; outputting a first diagnostic message when a deviation of the operating acoustic emission profile from the reference acoustic emission profile exceeds a first maximum deviation; and outputting the first diagnostic message when a deviation of the operating temperature profile from the reference temperature profile exceeds a second maximum deviation, wherein the outputting of the first diagnostic message includes a location-dependent identification of an error source. 23. The diagnostic method according to claim 22,
wherein the diagnostic device further includes:
a third temperature sensor, which is fastened to the sensor carrier at a third position,
wherein the sensor carrier is suitable for being expanded in such a way that a second spacing between the first position and the third position as well as a third spacing between the second position and the third position are changed,
the method further comprising: expanding the sensor carrier such that the second spacing between the first position of the first temperature sensor and the third position of the third temperature sensor is set, and the third spacing between the second position of the second temperature sensor and the third position of the third temperature sensor is set. 24. Diagnostic method according to claim 23,
wherein the diagnostic device further includes:
a fourth temperature sensor, which is fastened to the sensor carrier at a fourth position,
wherein the sensor carrier is suitable for being expanded in such a way that a fourth spacing between the first position and the fourth position, and a fifth spacing between the second position and the fourth position, and a sixth spacing between the third position and the fourth position are changed,
the method further comprising: expanding the sensor carrier such that the fourth spacing between the first position of the first temperature sensor and the fourth position of the fourth temperature sensor is set, and the fifth spacing between the second position of the second temperature sensor and the fourth position of the fourth temperature sensor is set, and the sixth spacing between the third position of the third temperature sensor and the fourth position of the fourth temperature sensor is set. 25. The diagnostic method according to claim 24, wherein the diagnostic device is arranged in the field device, and the first spacing is set such that the positions of the temperature sensors coincide with corner points of the field device. 26. The diagnostic method according to claim 22,
wherein the diagnostic device further includes a magnetic field sensor, the method further comprising: recording a reference magnetic field by the magnetic field sensor during the first time period; recording an operating magnetic field during the second time period; comparing the operating magnetic field with the reference magnetic field; and outputting the first diagnostic message when a deviation of the operating magnetic field from the reference magnetic field exceeds a third maximum deviation. 27. The diagnostic method according to claim 22,
wherein the diagnostic device further includes at least one of the sensors from the group consisting of: a photosensor, a position sensor, an acceleration sensor, a GPS sensor, and a pressure sensor, the method further comprising: recording a reference signal during the first time period by one of the sensors from the group of photosensor, position sensor, acceleration sensor, GPS sensor, and pressure sensor; recording an operating signal during the second time period by one of the sensors from the group of photosensor, position sensor, acceleration sensor, GPS sensor, and pressure sensor; comparing the operating signal with the reference signal; and outputting the first diagnostic message when a deviation of the operating signal from the reference signal exceeds a fourth maximum deviation. 28. The diagnostic method according to claim 22, further comprising:
outputting a specific action instruction depending on the location-dependent identification of the first diagnostic message. 29. The diagnostic method according to claim 22, further comprising:
outputting a second diagnostic message when the deviation of the operating acoustic emission profile from the reference acoustic emission profile does not exceed the first maximum deviation; and outputting the second diagnostic message when the deviation of an operating temperature profile from the reference temperature profiles does not exceed the second maximum deviation. 30. The diagnostic method according to claim 29, wherein the first and/or second diagnostic messages are output as an optical and/or an acoustic signal. | The invention relates to a diagnostic device (1) for a field device from the field of automation technology, comprising a control unit (2), a sensor carrier (3), a stereo acoustic sensor (4), which is fastened to the sensor carrier (3), a first temperature sensor (5), which is fastened at a first position (P1) on the sensor carrier (3), and a second temperature sensor (6), which is fastened at a second position (P2) on the sensor carrier (3). The first position (P1) and the second position (P2) are remote from one another owing to a first spacing (A12). The sensor carrier (3) is suitable for being expanded such that the first spacing (A12) is changed.1-15. (canceled) 16. A diagnostic device for a field device from the field of automation technology, comprising:
a control unit; a sensor carrier; a stereo acoustic sensor, which is fastened on the sensor carrier; a first temperature sensor, which is fastened to the sensor carrier at a first position; and a second temperature sensor, which is fastened to the sensor carrier at a second position, wherein the first position and the second position are remote from one other by a first spacing, and the sensor carrier is suitable for being expanded such that the first spacing is changed. 17. The diagnostic device according to claim 16, further comprising:
a third temperature sensor, which is fastened to the sensor carrier at a third position, wherein the sensor carrier is suitable for being expanded in such a way that a second spacing between the first position and the third position as well as a third spacing between the second position and the third position are changed. 18. The diagnostic device according to claim 17, further comprising:
a fourth temperature sensor, which is fastened to the sensor carrier at a fourth position, wherein the sensor carrier is suitable for being expanded in such a way that a fourth spacing between the first position and the fourth position, and a fifth spacing between the second position and the fourth position, and a sixth spacing between the third position and the fourth position are changed. 19. The diagnostic device according to claim 16, further comprising:
a magnetic field sensor. 20. The diagnostic device according to claim 16, further comprising:
at least one of the sensors from the group consisting of: a photosensor, a position sensor, an acceleration sensor, a GPS sensor, and a pressure sensor. 21. The diagnostic device according to claim 16, wherein the control unit is suitable for outputting or wirelessly transmitting measurement data of the sensors or diagnostic messages. 22. A diagnostic method for diagnosing a field device from the field of automation technology, comprising the following steps:
providing a diagnostic device, including:
a control unit;
a sensor carrier;
a stereo acoustic sensor, which is fastened on the sensor carrier;
a first temperature sensor, which is fastened to the sensor carrier at a first position; and
a second temperature sensor, which is fastened to the sensor carrier at a second position,
wherein the first position and the second position are remote from one other by a first spacing, and the sensor carrier is suitable for being expanded such that the first spacing is changed;
expanding the sensor carrier of the diagnostic device in order to set the first spacing between the first position of the first temperature sensor and the second position of the second temperature sensor; placing the field device into operation; recording a reference acoustic emission profile of the field device by the stereo acoustic sensor during a first time period; recording a reference temperature profile by each temperature sensor during the first time period; storing the reference acoustic emission profile and the reference temperature profile; recording an operating acoustic emission profile by the stereo acoustic sensor during a second time period; recording an operating temperature profile by each temperature sensor during the second time period; storing the operating acoustic emission profile and the operating temperature profile; comparing the reference acoustic emission profile with the operating acoustic emission profile; comparing the reference temperature profile with the operating temperature profile; outputting a first diagnostic message when a deviation of the operating acoustic emission profile from the reference acoustic emission profile exceeds a first maximum deviation; and outputting the first diagnostic message when a deviation of the operating temperature profile from the reference temperature profile exceeds a second maximum deviation, wherein the outputting of the first diagnostic message includes a location-dependent identification of an error source. 23. The diagnostic method according to claim 22,
wherein the diagnostic device further includes:
a third temperature sensor, which is fastened to the sensor carrier at a third position,
wherein the sensor carrier is suitable for being expanded in such a way that a second spacing between the first position and the third position as well as a third spacing between the second position and the third position are changed,
the method further comprising: expanding the sensor carrier such that the second spacing between the first position of the first temperature sensor and the third position of the third temperature sensor is set, and the third spacing between the second position of the second temperature sensor and the third position of the third temperature sensor is set. 24. Diagnostic method according to claim 23,
wherein the diagnostic device further includes:
a fourth temperature sensor, which is fastened to the sensor carrier at a fourth position,
wherein the sensor carrier is suitable for being expanded in such a way that a fourth spacing between the first position and the fourth position, and a fifth spacing between the second position and the fourth position, and a sixth spacing between the third position and the fourth position are changed,
the method further comprising: expanding the sensor carrier such that the fourth spacing between the first position of the first temperature sensor and the fourth position of the fourth temperature sensor is set, and the fifth spacing between the second position of the second temperature sensor and the fourth position of the fourth temperature sensor is set, and the sixth spacing between the third position of the third temperature sensor and the fourth position of the fourth temperature sensor is set. 25. The diagnostic method according to claim 24, wherein the diagnostic device is arranged in the field device, and the first spacing is set such that the positions of the temperature sensors coincide with corner points of the field device. 26. The diagnostic method according to claim 22,
wherein the diagnostic device further includes a magnetic field sensor, the method further comprising: recording a reference magnetic field by the magnetic field sensor during the first time period; recording an operating magnetic field during the second time period; comparing the operating magnetic field with the reference magnetic field; and outputting the first diagnostic message when a deviation of the operating magnetic field from the reference magnetic field exceeds a third maximum deviation. 27. The diagnostic method according to claim 22,
wherein the diagnostic device further includes at least one of the sensors from the group consisting of: a photosensor, a position sensor, an acceleration sensor, a GPS sensor, and a pressure sensor, the method further comprising: recording a reference signal during the first time period by one of the sensors from the group of photosensor, position sensor, acceleration sensor, GPS sensor, and pressure sensor; recording an operating signal during the second time period by one of the sensors from the group of photosensor, position sensor, acceleration sensor, GPS sensor, and pressure sensor; comparing the operating signal with the reference signal; and outputting the first diagnostic message when a deviation of the operating signal from the reference signal exceeds a fourth maximum deviation. 28. The diagnostic method according to claim 22, further comprising:
outputting a specific action instruction depending on the location-dependent identification of the first diagnostic message. 29. The diagnostic method according to claim 22, further comprising:
outputting a second diagnostic message when the deviation of the operating acoustic emission profile from the reference acoustic emission profile does not exceed the first maximum deviation; and outputting the second diagnostic message when the deviation of an operating temperature profile from the reference temperature profiles does not exceed the second maximum deviation. 30. The diagnostic method according to claim 29, wherein the first and/or second diagnostic messages are output as an optical and/or an acoustic signal. | 2,600 |
340,715 | 16,642,185 | 1,618 | Mesothelin (MSLN) has been found to be overexpressed in several human malignancies: 100% of epithelial mesotheliomas, the majority of pancreatic and ovarian adenocarcinomas, more than 50% of lung adenocarcinomas and 34 to 67% of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The limited expression of mesothelin in normal human tissues and its overexpression in several aggressive human cancers make MSLN an attractive candidate for therapy. The objective of the inventors was to perform the nuclear imaging of TNBC xenografts with anti-MSLN single domain antibodies radiolabeled with 99mTc (99mTc-A1 and 99mTc-C6). They showed that 99mTc-A1 represent a good candidate for targeting mesothelin positive tumors. Accordingly, the present invention to an anti-mesothelin single domain antibody which is labelled with a radionuclide and its uses for imaging and/or treating cancer. | 1. An anti-mesothelin single domain antibody which is labelled with a radionuclide wherein said single domain antibody i) binds to mesothelin with a dissociation constant (KD) of at least 5×10−8 and ii) cross-competes with the single domain antibody having the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 for binding to mesothelin. 2. The single domain antibody of claim 1, wherein the single domain antibody binds to mesothelin with a dissociation constant (KD) of about 45 nM or less. 3. The single domain antibody of claim 1, wherein the single domain antibody comprises (a) a CDR1 having a sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:2 (GIDLSLYR), (b) a CDR2 having a sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:3 (ITDDGTS); and (c) a CDR3 having a sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:4 (NAETPLSPVNY). 4. The single domain antibody of claim 1, wherein the single domain antibody comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70% of identity with SEQ ID NO: 1. 5. The single domain antibody of claim 1, wherein the single domain antibody is humanized. 6. The single domain antibody of claim 1, wherein the single domain antibody is fused to a heterologous polypeptide. 7. The single domain antibody of claim 1 wherein the radionuclide is selected from the group consisting of γ-emitting and α-emitting radioisotopes and β-emitting radioisotopes, including but not limited to a radioisotope chosen from the group consisting of Actinium-225, Astatine-211, Bismuth-212, Bismuth-213, Caesium-137, Chromium-51, Cobalt-60, Cupper-64 Dysprosium-165, Erbium-169, Fermium-255, Fluor-18, Gallium-67, Gallium-68, Gold-198, Holmium-166, Indium-I11, Iodine-123, Iodine-124, Iodine-125, Iodine-131, Iridium-192, Iron-59, Lead-212, Lutetium-177, Molybdenum-99, Palladium-103, Phosphorus-32, Potassium-42, Rhenium-186, Rhenium-188, Samarium-153, Technetium-99m, Radium-223, Ruthenium-106, Sodium-24, Strontium-89, Terbium-149, Thorium-227, Xenon-133, Ytterbium-169, Ytterbium-177, and Yttrium-90. 8. A method of obtaining an image of a cancer in a subject in need thereof comprising i) administering to the subject a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising the radiolabeled single domain antibody of claim 1; ii) identifying a detectable signal from the radiolabeled single domain antibody in the subject and iii) generating an image of the detectable signal, thereby obtaining an image of the cancer in the subject. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein the signal is detected by Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) or Positron Emission Tomography (PET). 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the radionuclide for SPECT is Technetium-99m or Iodine-123. 11. The method of claim 9 wherein the radionuclide for PET is Fluor-18 or Gallium-68. 12. A method of treating cancer in a patient in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the radiolabeled single domain antibody of claim 1. 13. The method of claim 8 wherein the patient suffers from a cancer selected from the group consisting of mesothelioma, prostate cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer and ovarian cancer. 14. The method of claim 8 wherein the cancer is a metastatic cancer. 15. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the single domain antibody of claim 1. 16. The method of claim 12 wherein the patient suffers from a cancer selected from the group consisting of mesothelioma, prostate cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer and ovarian cancer. 17. The method of claim 12 wherein the cancer is a metastatic cancer. | Mesothelin (MSLN) has been found to be overexpressed in several human malignancies: 100% of epithelial mesotheliomas, the majority of pancreatic and ovarian adenocarcinomas, more than 50% of lung adenocarcinomas and 34 to 67% of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The limited expression of mesothelin in normal human tissues and its overexpression in several aggressive human cancers make MSLN an attractive candidate for therapy. The objective of the inventors was to perform the nuclear imaging of TNBC xenografts with anti-MSLN single domain antibodies radiolabeled with 99mTc (99mTc-A1 and 99mTc-C6). They showed that 99mTc-A1 represent a good candidate for targeting mesothelin positive tumors. Accordingly, the present invention to an anti-mesothelin single domain antibody which is labelled with a radionuclide and its uses for imaging and/or treating cancer.1. An anti-mesothelin single domain antibody which is labelled with a radionuclide wherein said single domain antibody i) binds to mesothelin with a dissociation constant (KD) of at least 5×10−8 and ii) cross-competes with the single domain antibody having the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 for binding to mesothelin. 2. The single domain antibody of claim 1, wherein the single domain antibody binds to mesothelin with a dissociation constant (KD) of about 45 nM or less. 3. The single domain antibody of claim 1, wherein the single domain antibody comprises (a) a CDR1 having a sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:2 (GIDLSLYR), (b) a CDR2 having a sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:3 (ITDDGTS); and (c) a CDR3 having a sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:4 (NAETPLSPVNY). 4. The single domain antibody of claim 1, wherein the single domain antibody comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 70% of identity with SEQ ID NO: 1. 5. The single domain antibody of claim 1, wherein the single domain antibody is humanized. 6. The single domain antibody of claim 1, wherein the single domain antibody is fused to a heterologous polypeptide. 7. The single domain antibody of claim 1 wherein the radionuclide is selected from the group consisting of γ-emitting and α-emitting radioisotopes and β-emitting radioisotopes, including but not limited to a radioisotope chosen from the group consisting of Actinium-225, Astatine-211, Bismuth-212, Bismuth-213, Caesium-137, Chromium-51, Cobalt-60, Cupper-64 Dysprosium-165, Erbium-169, Fermium-255, Fluor-18, Gallium-67, Gallium-68, Gold-198, Holmium-166, Indium-I11, Iodine-123, Iodine-124, Iodine-125, Iodine-131, Iridium-192, Iron-59, Lead-212, Lutetium-177, Molybdenum-99, Palladium-103, Phosphorus-32, Potassium-42, Rhenium-186, Rhenium-188, Samarium-153, Technetium-99m, Radium-223, Ruthenium-106, Sodium-24, Strontium-89, Terbium-149, Thorium-227, Xenon-133, Ytterbium-169, Ytterbium-177, and Yttrium-90. 8. A method of obtaining an image of a cancer in a subject in need thereof comprising i) administering to the subject a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising the radiolabeled single domain antibody of claim 1; ii) identifying a detectable signal from the radiolabeled single domain antibody in the subject and iii) generating an image of the detectable signal, thereby obtaining an image of the cancer in the subject. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein the signal is detected by Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) or Positron Emission Tomography (PET). 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the radionuclide for SPECT is Technetium-99m or Iodine-123. 11. The method of claim 9 wherein the radionuclide for PET is Fluor-18 or Gallium-68. 12. A method of treating cancer in a patient in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the radiolabeled single domain antibody of claim 1. 13. The method of claim 8 wherein the patient suffers from a cancer selected from the group consisting of mesothelioma, prostate cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer and ovarian cancer. 14. The method of claim 8 wherein the cancer is a metastatic cancer. 15. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the single domain antibody of claim 1. 16. The method of claim 12 wherein the patient suffers from a cancer selected from the group consisting of mesothelioma, prostate cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer and ovarian cancer. 17. The method of claim 12 wherein the cancer is a metastatic cancer. | 1,600 |
340,716 | 16,642,171 | 1,618 | There is provided a sensor including a housing, where the housing has an opening configured to receive a sensing element; an electric circuit operably connected to the housing, where the electric circuit is configured to detect at least one electrical characteristic across at least one pair of electrodes positioned on the sensing element; at least one gas-moving element in electrical communication with the electric circuit; and a reader in communication with the electric circuit, where the reader is configured to compare information about a gas volume external to the housing with information about a gas volume within the housing. | 1. A sensor comprising:
a housing, wherein the housing has an opening configured to receive a sensing element; an electric circuit operably connected to the housing, wherein the electric circuit is configured to detect at least one electrical characteristic across at least one pair of electrodes positioned on the sensing element; at least one gas-moving element in electrical communication with the electric circuit; and a reader in communication with the electric circuit, wherein the reader is configured to compare information about a gas volume external to the housing with information about a gas volume within the housing. 2. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the shape of the opening matches the cross-sectional shape of the sensing element. 3. The sensor of claim 2, wherein a detection surface of the sensing element comprises the at least one pair of electrodes. 4. The sensor of claim 3, wherein the housing further comprises at least one gas intake opening and at least one gas exhaust opening configured to direct a predetermined flow rate of gas to contact the detection surface of the sensing element after which the predetermined flow rate of gas is forced out of the housing by the gas-moving element. 5. The sensor of claim 4, wherein the detection surface of the sensing element is oriented substantially perpendicular to the predetermined flow of gas. 6. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the electric circuit is affixed to the housing. 7. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the electric circuit is positioned within the housing. 8. The sensor of claim 7, wherein the electric circuit is affixed to at least one interior wall of the housing. 9. The sensor of claim 1, wherein, when the sensing element is inserted in the opening, there is substantially no fluid communication from the outside of the housing to the inside of the housing through the interstitial space between the opening and the sensing element. 10. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the gas comprises particulates. 11. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the electrical characteristic is at least one of resistance, inductance, capacitance, and electrical impedance. 12. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a heating element configured to increase the temperature of at least a portion of a sensing element surface. 13. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the sensor is configured to apply electrical power to at least one heating element on the sensing element. 14. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a cooling element configured to decrease the temperature of at least a portion of a sensing element surface 15. A respirator fit test system comprising a sensor according to claim 1. | There is provided a sensor including a housing, where the housing has an opening configured to receive a sensing element; an electric circuit operably connected to the housing, where the electric circuit is configured to detect at least one electrical characteristic across at least one pair of electrodes positioned on the sensing element; at least one gas-moving element in electrical communication with the electric circuit; and a reader in communication with the electric circuit, where the reader is configured to compare information about a gas volume external to the housing with information about a gas volume within the housing.1. A sensor comprising:
a housing, wherein the housing has an opening configured to receive a sensing element; an electric circuit operably connected to the housing, wherein the electric circuit is configured to detect at least one electrical characteristic across at least one pair of electrodes positioned on the sensing element; at least one gas-moving element in electrical communication with the electric circuit; and a reader in communication with the electric circuit, wherein the reader is configured to compare information about a gas volume external to the housing with information about a gas volume within the housing. 2. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the shape of the opening matches the cross-sectional shape of the sensing element. 3. The sensor of claim 2, wherein a detection surface of the sensing element comprises the at least one pair of electrodes. 4. The sensor of claim 3, wherein the housing further comprises at least one gas intake opening and at least one gas exhaust opening configured to direct a predetermined flow rate of gas to contact the detection surface of the sensing element after which the predetermined flow rate of gas is forced out of the housing by the gas-moving element. 5. The sensor of claim 4, wherein the detection surface of the sensing element is oriented substantially perpendicular to the predetermined flow of gas. 6. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the electric circuit is affixed to the housing. 7. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the electric circuit is positioned within the housing. 8. The sensor of claim 7, wherein the electric circuit is affixed to at least one interior wall of the housing. 9. The sensor of claim 1, wherein, when the sensing element is inserted in the opening, there is substantially no fluid communication from the outside of the housing to the inside of the housing through the interstitial space between the opening and the sensing element. 10. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the gas comprises particulates. 11. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the electrical characteristic is at least one of resistance, inductance, capacitance, and electrical impedance. 12. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a heating element configured to increase the temperature of at least a portion of a sensing element surface. 13. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the sensor is configured to apply electrical power to at least one heating element on the sensing element. 14. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a cooling element configured to decrease the temperature of at least a portion of a sensing element surface 15. A respirator fit test system comprising a sensor according to claim 1. | 1,600 |
340,717 | 16,642,187 | 1,618 | A plasma processing method includes an etching step of etching a wafer in a chamber, a plasma cleaning step of removing a particle on an inner wall of the chamber by introducing a gas containing a halogen element into the chamber by a plasma processing method for removing remaining halogen or the like in the chamber in a short time and improving throughput, and a remaining halogen removing step of removing the halogen element remaining in the chamber in the plasma cleaning step by alternately repeating an on state and an off state of the plasma containing oxygen in the chamber. | 1. A plasma processing method for plasma processing a sample in a processing chamber, the method comprising:
a first step of plasma processing the sample; a second step of performing plasma-cleaning inside the processing chamber using a fluorine-containing gas after the first step; and a third step of performing plasma-cleaning inside the processing chamber using plasma generated by a pulse-modulated radio frequency power and an oxygen gas after the second step. 2. The plasma processing method according to claim 1, wherein
plasma in the second step performs continuous discharge. 3. The plasma processing method according to claim 2, wherein
an off time of the pulse in pulse-modulation is made longer than an off time of the plasma during which a negative ion flux flowing onto an inner wall of the processing chamber is larger than an electron flux flowing onto the inner wall of the processing chamber, or the off time of the pulse is equal to the off time of the plasma. 4. The plasma processing method according to claim 3, wherein
the fluorine-containing gas is a nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) gas. 5. The plasma processing method according to claim 4, wherein
a duty ratio of the pulse is set to 50% or less, and a cycle of the pulse is set to 1 ms. 6. A plasma processing apparatus, comprising:
a processing chamber configured to perform plasma processing of a sample; a radio frequency power supply configured to supply a radio frequency power for generating plasma; a sample stage on which the sample is placed; and a control device configured to execute a program specifying:
a first step of plasma processing the sample;
a second step of performing plasma-cleaning inside the processing chamber using a fluorine-containing gas after the first step; and
a third step of performing plasma-cleaning inside the processing chamber using plasma generated by a pulse-modulated radio frequency power and an oxygen gas after the second step. | A plasma processing method includes an etching step of etching a wafer in a chamber, a plasma cleaning step of removing a particle on an inner wall of the chamber by introducing a gas containing a halogen element into the chamber by a plasma processing method for removing remaining halogen or the like in the chamber in a short time and improving throughput, and a remaining halogen removing step of removing the halogen element remaining in the chamber in the plasma cleaning step by alternately repeating an on state and an off state of the plasma containing oxygen in the chamber.1. A plasma processing method for plasma processing a sample in a processing chamber, the method comprising:
a first step of plasma processing the sample; a second step of performing plasma-cleaning inside the processing chamber using a fluorine-containing gas after the first step; and a third step of performing plasma-cleaning inside the processing chamber using plasma generated by a pulse-modulated radio frequency power and an oxygen gas after the second step. 2. The plasma processing method according to claim 1, wherein
plasma in the second step performs continuous discharge. 3. The plasma processing method according to claim 2, wherein
an off time of the pulse in pulse-modulation is made longer than an off time of the plasma during which a negative ion flux flowing onto an inner wall of the processing chamber is larger than an electron flux flowing onto the inner wall of the processing chamber, or the off time of the pulse is equal to the off time of the plasma. 4. The plasma processing method according to claim 3, wherein
the fluorine-containing gas is a nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) gas. 5. The plasma processing method according to claim 4, wherein
a duty ratio of the pulse is set to 50% or less, and a cycle of the pulse is set to 1 ms. 6. A plasma processing apparatus, comprising:
a processing chamber configured to perform plasma processing of a sample; a radio frequency power supply configured to supply a radio frequency power for generating plasma; a sample stage on which the sample is placed; and a control device configured to execute a program specifying:
a first step of plasma processing the sample;
a second step of performing plasma-cleaning inside the processing chamber using a fluorine-containing gas after the first step; and
a third step of performing plasma-cleaning inside the processing chamber using plasma generated by a pulse-modulated radio frequency power and an oxygen gas after the second step. | 1,600 |
340,718 | 16,642,168 | 1,618 | The invention provides emulsion compositions comprising at least one cannabinoid compound, and methods for making the same. The emulsion compositions are stable, well tolerated and are capable of delivering therapeutically effective amounts of cannabiniods to target sites, including sites on the surface of and/or within an eye. Also provided are methods of using the compositions to provide ocular neuroprotection and/or to treat ophthalmic conditions such as glaucoma. | 1. An emulsion composition comprising:
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or a derivative thereof; an oil; a surfactant; and water, 2. (canceled) 3. The emulsion composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is a topical formulation suitable for administration to the eye. 4.-5. (canceled) 6. The emulsion composition of claim 1, wherein the ratio (w/w) of oil to water in the composition is in the range of about 1:20 to about 1:100. 7. The emulsion composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsion is substantially free of antimicrobial preservative agents. 8.-12. (canceled) 13. The emulsion composition of claim 1, wherein the THC is (−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. 14. The emulsion composition of claim 1, comprising about 0.005% (w/w) to about 0.5% (w/w) THC. 15.-32. (canceled) 33. The emulsion composition of claim 1, further comprising an antioxidant. 34.-41. (canceled) 42. An emulsion composition comprising:
a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or a derivative thereof; an oil; a surfactant; and water, 43.-44. (canceled) 45. The emulsion composition of claim 42, having an osmolarity of about 300 mOsm/L to about 340 mOsm/L. 46. An emulsion composition comprising:
(−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol; an oil selected from sesame oil, castor oil, or a combination thereof; a surfactant selected from the group consisting of Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate); Tween®20 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate); Tyloxapol (4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)phenol polymer with formaldehyde and oxirane); Span 80 (Sorbitane monooleate); Kollipher®HS 15 (polyoxyethylated 12-hydroxystearic acid); polyoxyl 35 castor oil; polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil; and polyoxyl 40 sterate, or a combination thereof; and water, 47. The emulsion composition of claim 46, wherein the emulsion remains stable after being stored at a condition selected from the group consisting of: at least two years at about −18° C.; at least three months at about 4° C.; and at least one month at about 23° C., such that there is an absence of visible phase separation between the oil phase component and the aqueous phase component after such storage condition, the emulsion being suitable for topical administration to the eye of a subject. 48.-65. (canceled) 66. The emulsion composition of claim 46, comprising:
about 0.005% (w/w) to about 0.5% (w/w) of (−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol; about 1.5% (w/w) to about 2.0% (w/w) of sesame oil; about 0.5% (w/w) to about 2% (w/w) of Tween®80 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate); about 2.5% (w/w) glycerin; about 0.03% (w/w) BHT and/or 0.03% (w/w) BHA; and water, 67. A method of treating or preventing an ophthalmic condition in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the eye of the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the emulsion composition of claim 1, wherein said method provides ocular neuroprotection to the subject. 68.-74. (canceled) 75. The method of claim 67, wherein the subject is suffering from or is at substantial risk of developing a neuropathic condition. 76. The method of claim 75, wherein the neuropathic condition is a blinding eye disease or neuropathic pain. 77. The method of claim 75, wherein the neuropathic condition is a disease selected from the group consisting of macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and glaucoma. 78.-80. (canceled) 81. A method of treating or preventing an ophthalmic condition in a subject identified in need of such treatment, the method comprising administering to the eye of the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the emulsion composition of claim 1. 82.-88. (canceled) 89. The method of claim 81, wherein the ophthalmic condition is selected from the group consisting of glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), ophthalmitis, conjunctivitis dry eye disease, posterior uveitis, retinitis, uveoretinitis, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, anterior uveitis, episcleritis, scleritis, ocular neuropathic pain and ocular inflammation caused by a non-infectious condition. 90.-96. (canceled) 97. A method of preparing the emulsion composition of claim 1, comprising:
combining tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an oil, a surfactant, and a first portion of water to form a premix; homogenizing the premix to form a homogenized premix; adding a second portion of water after the homogenization step to form a bulk sample; filtering the bulk sample over a membrane to afford the emulsion composition. 98.-113. (canceled) 114. A method of preparing the emulsion composition of claim 1, comprising:
combining tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an oil, a surfactant, and a first portion of water to form a premix; homogenizing the premix at a speed of about 3000 rpm to about 5000 rpm for a time period of about 2 minutes to about 20 minutes to form a homogenized premix; adjusting the pH of the homogenized premix solution to about 6.5 to about 7.5 to form a neutralized premix; adding a second portion of water to the neutralized premix to form a bulk sample; filtering the bulk sample over a membrane having a maximum pore size of about 200 nm to afford the emulsion composition. 115.-119. (canceled) | The invention provides emulsion compositions comprising at least one cannabinoid compound, and methods for making the same. The emulsion compositions are stable, well tolerated and are capable of delivering therapeutically effective amounts of cannabiniods to target sites, including sites on the surface of and/or within an eye. Also provided are methods of using the compositions to provide ocular neuroprotection and/or to treat ophthalmic conditions such as glaucoma.1. An emulsion composition comprising:
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or a derivative thereof; an oil; a surfactant; and water, 2. (canceled) 3. The emulsion composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is a topical formulation suitable for administration to the eye. 4.-5. (canceled) 6. The emulsion composition of claim 1, wherein the ratio (w/w) of oil to water in the composition is in the range of about 1:20 to about 1:100. 7. The emulsion composition of claim 1, wherein the emulsion is substantially free of antimicrobial preservative agents. 8.-12. (canceled) 13. The emulsion composition of claim 1, wherein the THC is (−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. 14. The emulsion composition of claim 1, comprising about 0.005% (w/w) to about 0.5% (w/w) THC. 15.-32. (canceled) 33. The emulsion composition of claim 1, further comprising an antioxidant. 34.-41. (canceled) 42. An emulsion composition comprising:
a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or a derivative thereof; an oil; a surfactant; and water, 43.-44. (canceled) 45. The emulsion composition of claim 42, having an osmolarity of about 300 mOsm/L to about 340 mOsm/L. 46. An emulsion composition comprising:
(−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol; an oil selected from sesame oil, castor oil, or a combination thereof; a surfactant selected from the group consisting of Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate); Tween®20 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate); Tyloxapol (4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)phenol polymer with formaldehyde and oxirane); Span 80 (Sorbitane monooleate); Kollipher®HS 15 (polyoxyethylated 12-hydroxystearic acid); polyoxyl 35 castor oil; polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil; and polyoxyl 40 sterate, or a combination thereof; and water, 47. The emulsion composition of claim 46, wherein the emulsion remains stable after being stored at a condition selected from the group consisting of: at least two years at about −18° C.; at least three months at about 4° C.; and at least one month at about 23° C., such that there is an absence of visible phase separation between the oil phase component and the aqueous phase component after such storage condition, the emulsion being suitable for topical administration to the eye of a subject. 48.-65. (canceled) 66. The emulsion composition of claim 46, comprising:
about 0.005% (w/w) to about 0.5% (w/w) of (−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol; about 1.5% (w/w) to about 2.0% (w/w) of sesame oil; about 0.5% (w/w) to about 2% (w/w) of Tween®80 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate); about 2.5% (w/w) glycerin; about 0.03% (w/w) BHT and/or 0.03% (w/w) BHA; and water, 67. A method of treating or preventing an ophthalmic condition in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the eye of the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the emulsion composition of claim 1, wherein said method provides ocular neuroprotection to the subject. 68.-74. (canceled) 75. The method of claim 67, wherein the subject is suffering from or is at substantial risk of developing a neuropathic condition. 76. The method of claim 75, wherein the neuropathic condition is a blinding eye disease or neuropathic pain. 77. The method of claim 75, wherein the neuropathic condition is a disease selected from the group consisting of macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and glaucoma. 78.-80. (canceled) 81. A method of treating or preventing an ophthalmic condition in a subject identified in need of such treatment, the method comprising administering to the eye of the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the emulsion composition of claim 1. 82.-88. (canceled) 89. The method of claim 81, wherein the ophthalmic condition is selected from the group consisting of glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), ophthalmitis, conjunctivitis dry eye disease, posterior uveitis, retinitis, uveoretinitis, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, anterior uveitis, episcleritis, scleritis, ocular neuropathic pain and ocular inflammation caused by a non-infectious condition. 90.-96. (canceled) 97. A method of preparing the emulsion composition of claim 1, comprising:
combining tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an oil, a surfactant, and a first portion of water to form a premix; homogenizing the premix to form a homogenized premix; adding a second portion of water after the homogenization step to form a bulk sample; filtering the bulk sample over a membrane to afford the emulsion composition. 98.-113. (canceled) 114. A method of preparing the emulsion composition of claim 1, comprising:
combining tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an oil, a surfactant, and a first portion of water to form a premix; homogenizing the premix at a speed of about 3000 rpm to about 5000 rpm for a time period of about 2 minutes to about 20 minutes to form a homogenized premix; adjusting the pH of the homogenized premix solution to about 6.5 to about 7.5 to form a neutralized premix; adding a second portion of water to the neutralized premix to form a bulk sample; filtering the bulk sample over a membrane having a maximum pore size of about 200 nm to afford the emulsion composition. 115.-119. (canceled) | 1,600 |
340,719 | 16,642,179 | 1,618 | The present invention relates to the evaluation of the performance of a component using a pair of dimer-forming primers. The method using the pair of dimer-forming primers according to the present invention can be used not only for evaluating the performance of components including a nucleic acid polymerase but also as an internal control in the detection of a target nucleic acid sequence. | 1. A method for evaluating the performance of a component in an amplification composition or an amplification device by an amplification reaction using a pair of dimer-forming primers, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an amplification composition comprising a pair of dimer-forming primers; wherein the pair of dimer-forming primers comprises a first primer and a second primer; wherein the first primer and the second primer each comprise a 3′-dimer-forming portion, and a nucleotide sequence of the 3′-dimer-forming portion in the first primer is complementary to a nucleotide sequence of the 3′-dimer-forming portion in the second primer; (b) subjecting the amplification composition to an amplification reaction in an amplification device; wherein the first primer and the second primer form a dimer through hybridization between the 3′-dimer-forming portions under amplification conditions, and are each extended by a nucleic acid polymerase to form an extended duplex; wherein a detectable signal is provided in a dependent manner on the presence of the extended duplex; (c) detecting the detectable signal during or after the amplification reaction; (d) obtaining an indicator indicative of amplification from the detected signal; and (e) evaluating the performance of the component based on the indicator obtained. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the component to be evaluated is a nucleic acid polymerase, and the performance of the component is its polymerization activity. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the component to be evaluated is a label, and the performance of the component is its signaling performance. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the amplification composition further comprises a sample prepared for detection of a nucleic acid sequence of interest, the component to be evaluated is the sample, and the performance of the component is its inhibitory activity against the amplification reaction. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the component to be evaluated is a thermocycler and/or a detector, and the performance of the component is its temperature-controlling ability and/or detection sensitivity in the amplification reaction. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the performance of the component is determined by comparing the indicator obtained with a reference indicator obtained from a reference reaction. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the indicator is selected from the group consisting of Ct (cycle threshold), ARFU, RFU ratio, End-RFU, a melting peak height, a melting peak width, a melting peak area, and a combination thereof. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first primer and the second primer each are 7 to 100 nucleotides in length. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the 3′-dimer forming portions of the first primer and the second primer each are 3 to 50 nucleotides in length. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the 3′-dimer forming portions of the first primer and the second primer each comprise one or more non-complementary nucleotides. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the detectable signal is provided by (i) at least one label linked to the first primer and/or the second primer, (ii) a label incorporated into the extended duplex during the extension, (iii) a label incorporated into the extended duplex during the extension and a label linked to the first primer and/or the second primer, (iv) an intercalating label; or (v) at least one label linked to a detection oligonucleotide. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the signal is provided by at least one label linked to a detection oligonucleotide upon the formation of a duplex comprising the detection oligonucleotide or the cleavage of the detection oligonucleotide. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the amplification reaction further comprises denaturing the extended duplex, hybridizing denatured strands with the first primer and the second primer, and extending the first primer and the second primer to form the extended duplex. 14. The method of claim 1, the detection of the signal is performed at one or more detection temperatures. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises melting the extended duplex or melting the extended duplex followed by hybridization between the steps (b) and (c) to provide a detectable signal, and the step (c) is performed by detecting the signal provided by the melting or the melting followed by hybridization. 16. A kit for evaluating the performance of a component in an amplification composition or an amplification device, comprising:
a pair of dimer-forming primers comprising a first primer and a second primer; wherein the first primer and the second primer each comprise a 3′-dimer-forming portion; wherein a nucleotide sequence of the 3′-dimer-forming portion in the first primer is complementary to a nucleotide sequence of the 3′-dimer-forming portion in the second primer; wherein the first primer and the second primer form a dimer through hybridization between the 3′-dimer-forming portions under amplification conditions, and are each extended by a nucleic acid polymerase to form an extended duplex. 17. The kit of claim 16, wherein the first primer and the second primer each are 7 to 100 nucleotides in length. 18. The kit of claim 16, wherein the 3′-dimer forming portions of the first primer and the second primer each are 3 to 50 nucleotides in length. 19. The kit of claim 16, wherein the 3′-dimer forming portions of the first primer and the second primer each comprise one or more non-complementary nucleotides. 20. The kit of claim 16, which further comprises a label. 21. The kit of claim 20, wherein the label is (i) at least one label linked to the first primer and/or the second primer, (ii) a label incorporated into the extended duplex during the extension, (iii) a label incorporated into the extended duplex during the extension and a label linked to the first primer and/or the second primer, (iv) an intercalating label; or (v) at least one label linked to a detection oligonucleotide. | The present invention relates to the evaluation of the performance of a component using a pair of dimer-forming primers. The method using the pair of dimer-forming primers according to the present invention can be used not only for evaluating the performance of components including a nucleic acid polymerase but also as an internal control in the detection of a target nucleic acid sequence.1. A method for evaluating the performance of a component in an amplification composition or an amplification device by an amplification reaction using a pair of dimer-forming primers, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an amplification composition comprising a pair of dimer-forming primers; wherein the pair of dimer-forming primers comprises a first primer and a second primer; wherein the first primer and the second primer each comprise a 3′-dimer-forming portion, and a nucleotide sequence of the 3′-dimer-forming portion in the first primer is complementary to a nucleotide sequence of the 3′-dimer-forming portion in the second primer; (b) subjecting the amplification composition to an amplification reaction in an amplification device; wherein the first primer and the second primer form a dimer through hybridization between the 3′-dimer-forming portions under amplification conditions, and are each extended by a nucleic acid polymerase to form an extended duplex; wherein a detectable signal is provided in a dependent manner on the presence of the extended duplex; (c) detecting the detectable signal during or after the amplification reaction; (d) obtaining an indicator indicative of amplification from the detected signal; and (e) evaluating the performance of the component based on the indicator obtained. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the component to be evaluated is a nucleic acid polymerase, and the performance of the component is its polymerization activity. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the component to be evaluated is a label, and the performance of the component is its signaling performance. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the amplification composition further comprises a sample prepared for detection of a nucleic acid sequence of interest, the component to be evaluated is the sample, and the performance of the component is its inhibitory activity against the amplification reaction. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the component to be evaluated is a thermocycler and/or a detector, and the performance of the component is its temperature-controlling ability and/or detection sensitivity in the amplification reaction. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the performance of the component is determined by comparing the indicator obtained with a reference indicator obtained from a reference reaction. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the indicator is selected from the group consisting of Ct (cycle threshold), ARFU, RFU ratio, End-RFU, a melting peak height, a melting peak width, a melting peak area, and a combination thereof. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first primer and the second primer each are 7 to 100 nucleotides in length. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the 3′-dimer forming portions of the first primer and the second primer each are 3 to 50 nucleotides in length. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the 3′-dimer forming portions of the first primer and the second primer each comprise one or more non-complementary nucleotides. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the detectable signal is provided by (i) at least one label linked to the first primer and/or the second primer, (ii) a label incorporated into the extended duplex during the extension, (iii) a label incorporated into the extended duplex during the extension and a label linked to the first primer and/or the second primer, (iv) an intercalating label; or (v) at least one label linked to a detection oligonucleotide. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the signal is provided by at least one label linked to a detection oligonucleotide upon the formation of a duplex comprising the detection oligonucleotide or the cleavage of the detection oligonucleotide. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the amplification reaction further comprises denaturing the extended duplex, hybridizing denatured strands with the first primer and the second primer, and extending the first primer and the second primer to form the extended duplex. 14. The method of claim 1, the detection of the signal is performed at one or more detection temperatures. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises melting the extended duplex or melting the extended duplex followed by hybridization between the steps (b) and (c) to provide a detectable signal, and the step (c) is performed by detecting the signal provided by the melting or the melting followed by hybridization. 16. A kit for evaluating the performance of a component in an amplification composition or an amplification device, comprising:
a pair of dimer-forming primers comprising a first primer and a second primer; wherein the first primer and the second primer each comprise a 3′-dimer-forming portion; wherein a nucleotide sequence of the 3′-dimer-forming portion in the first primer is complementary to a nucleotide sequence of the 3′-dimer-forming portion in the second primer; wherein the first primer and the second primer form a dimer through hybridization between the 3′-dimer-forming portions under amplification conditions, and are each extended by a nucleic acid polymerase to form an extended duplex. 17. The kit of claim 16, wherein the first primer and the second primer each are 7 to 100 nucleotides in length. 18. The kit of claim 16, wherein the 3′-dimer forming portions of the first primer and the second primer each are 3 to 50 nucleotides in length. 19. The kit of claim 16, wherein the 3′-dimer forming portions of the first primer and the second primer each comprise one or more non-complementary nucleotides. 20. The kit of claim 16, which further comprises a label. 21. The kit of claim 20, wherein the label is (i) at least one label linked to the first primer and/or the second primer, (ii) a label incorporated into the extended duplex during the extension, (iii) a label incorporated into the extended duplex during the extension and a label linked to the first primer and/or the second primer, (iv) an intercalating label; or (v) at least one label linked to a detection oligonucleotide. | 1,600 |
340,720 | 16,642,164 | 1,618 | Disclosed herein is a method for adaptive bidirectional optical flow estimation for inter-screen prediction compensation during video encoding. The method aims to reduce complexity and/or cost of bidirectional optical flow (BIO) at a pixel level or a subblock level. | 1. A method for motion compensation using a bidirectional optical flow (BIO) in video encoding or decoding, the method comprising:
generating a first reference block by a first motion vector referring to a first reference picture and generating a second reference block by a second motion vector referring to a second reference picture; calculating a texture complexity of a current block using the first and second reference blocks; and generating a prediction block of the current block based on the first and second reference blocks by selectively applying or skipping the BIO process based on the texture complexity. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the texture complexity is calculated based on horizontal gradients and vertical gradients of pixels in the first and second reference blocks. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the texture complexity is one of a minimum value, a maximum value, or an average between a horizontal complexity calculated based on the horizontal gradients of the respective pixels in the first and second reference blocks and a vertical complexity calculated based on the vertical gradients of the respective pixels in the first and second reference blocks. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the generating of a prediction block of the current block comprises:
when the texture complexity is greater than a threshold, generating a prediction block of the current block using the first and second reference blocks according to the BIO process; and when the texture complexity is less than the threshold, generating a prediction block of the current block using the first and second reference blocks without applying the BIO process. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the texture complexity comprises a horizontal complexity calculated based on the horizontal gradients of the pixels in the first and second reference blocks and a vertical complexity calculated based on the vertical gradients of the pixels in the first and second reference blocks. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the prediction block of the current block is generated by skipping a BIO process for a direction having a complexity less than a threshold and applying a BIO process for a direction having a complexity greater than the threshold. 7. A device for performing motion compensation using a bidirectional optical flow (BIO) in video encoding or decoding, the device comprising:
a reference block generator configured to generate a first reference block by a first motion vector referring to a first reference picture and generate a second reference block by a second motion vector referring to a second reference picture; a skip determiner configured to calculate a texture complexity of a current block using the first and second reference blocks and determine whether to skip a BIO process by comparing the texture complexity with a threshold; and a prediction block generator configured to generate a prediction block of the current block based on the first and second reference blocks by selectively applying or skipping the BIO process based on the determination of the skip determiner. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the skip determiner calculates the texture complexity based on horizontal gradients and vertical gradients of pixels in the first and second reference blocks. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the texture complexity is one of a minimum value, a maximum value, or an average between a horizontal complexity calculated based on the horizontal gradients of the respective pixels in the first and second reference blocks and a vertical complexity calculated based on the vertical gradients of the respective pixels in the first and second reference blocks. 10. The device of claim 8, wherein the prediction block generator is configured to:
generate, when the texture complexity is greater than a threshold, a prediction block of the current block using the first and second reference blocks according to the BIO process; and generate, when the texture complexity is less than the threshold, a prediction block of the current block using the first and second reference blocks without applying the BIO process. 11. The device of claim 8, wherein the texture complexity comprises a horizontal complexity calculated based on the horizontal gradients of the respective pixels in the first and second reference blocks and a vertical complexity calculated based on the vertical gradients of the respective pixels in the first and second reference blocks. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the prediction block generator generates the prediction block of the current block by skipping a BIO process for a direction having a complexity less than a threshold and applying a BIO process for a direction having a complexity greater than the threshold. | Disclosed herein is a method for adaptive bidirectional optical flow estimation for inter-screen prediction compensation during video encoding. The method aims to reduce complexity and/or cost of bidirectional optical flow (BIO) at a pixel level or a subblock level.1. A method for motion compensation using a bidirectional optical flow (BIO) in video encoding or decoding, the method comprising:
generating a first reference block by a first motion vector referring to a first reference picture and generating a second reference block by a second motion vector referring to a second reference picture; calculating a texture complexity of a current block using the first and second reference blocks; and generating a prediction block of the current block based on the first and second reference blocks by selectively applying or skipping the BIO process based on the texture complexity. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the texture complexity is calculated based on horizontal gradients and vertical gradients of pixels in the first and second reference blocks. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the texture complexity is one of a minimum value, a maximum value, or an average between a horizontal complexity calculated based on the horizontal gradients of the respective pixels in the first and second reference blocks and a vertical complexity calculated based on the vertical gradients of the respective pixels in the first and second reference blocks. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the generating of a prediction block of the current block comprises:
when the texture complexity is greater than a threshold, generating a prediction block of the current block using the first and second reference blocks according to the BIO process; and when the texture complexity is less than the threshold, generating a prediction block of the current block using the first and second reference blocks without applying the BIO process. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the texture complexity comprises a horizontal complexity calculated based on the horizontal gradients of the pixels in the first and second reference blocks and a vertical complexity calculated based on the vertical gradients of the pixels in the first and second reference blocks. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the prediction block of the current block is generated by skipping a BIO process for a direction having a complexity less than a threshold and applying a BIO process for a direction having a complexity greater than the threshold. 7. A device for performing motion compensation using a bidirectional optical flow (BIO) in video encoding or decoding, the device comprising:
a reference block generator configured to generate a first reference block by a first motion vector referring to a first reference picture and generate a second reference block by a second motion vector referring to a second reference picture; a skip determiner configured to calculate a texture complexity of a current block using the first and second reference blocks and determine whether to skip a BIO process by comparing the texture complexity with a threshold; and a prediction block generator configured to generate a prediction block of the current block based on the first and second reference blocks by selectively applying or skipping the BIO process based on the determination of the skip determiner. 8. The device of claim 7, wherein the skip determiner calculates the texture complexity based on horizontal gradients and vertical gradients of pixels in the first and second reference blocks. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the texture complexity is one of a minimum value, a maximum value, or an average between a horizontal complexity calculated based on the horizontal gradients of the respective pixels in the first and second reference blocks and a vertical complexity calculated based on the vertical gradients of the respective pixels in the first and second reference blocks. 10. The device of claim 8, wherein the prediction block generator is configured to:
generate, when the texture complexity is greater than a threshold, a prediction block of the current block using the first and second reference blocks according to the BIO process; and generate, when the texture complexity is less than the threshold, a prediction block of the current block using the first and second reference blocks without applying the BIO process. 11. The device of claim 8, wherein the texture complexity comprises a horizontal complexity calculated based on the horizontal gradients of the respective pixels in the first and second reference blocks and a vertical complexity calculated based on the vertical gradients of the respective pixels in the first and second reference blocks. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the prediction block generator generates the prediction block of the current block by skipping a BIO process for a direction having a complexity less than a threshold and applying a BIO process for a direction having a complexity greater than the threshold. | 1,600 |
340,721 | 16,642,169 | 3,726 | A lift system mountable in a nacelle of a wind turbine has a mounting interface removably securable to a generator in the nacelle of the wind turbine, and a knuckle boom rotatably and removably mounted on the mounting interface. The knuckle boom has an extendable boom arm having a translatable boom section slidably mounted on the boom arm. Modularity of the lift system permits lifting components of the lift system up to the nacelle using an existing service crane of the wind turbine, and rapidly dismounting the knuckle boom to permit closing doors of the nacelle in the event of inclement weather without dismounting all of the lift system components. | 1. A lift system mountable in a nacelle of a wind turbine, the lift system comprising:
a mounting interface removably securable to a generator in the nacelle of the wind turbine, the mounting interface comprising a first plurality of through apertures; a swivel removably mounted on the mounting interface, the swivel comprising a second plurality of through apertures each concentrically aligned with one through aperture of the first plurality of through apertures when the swivel is mounted on the mounting interface, the swivel secured to the mounting interface by a plurality of non-threaded pins removably inserted through the concentrically aligned through apertures of the first and second plurality of through apertures, the removable non-threaded pin permitting mounting of the swivel on and dismounting of the swivel from the mounting interface; a knuckle boom rotatably mounted on the swivel, the knuckle boom rotatable on the swivel about a vertical axis, the knuckle boom comprising an extendable boom arm, the extendable boom arm comprising a translatable boom section slidably mounted on the boom arm; a power pack mounted on the mounting interface, the power pack comprising an electric motor and a hydraulic pump, the power pack not extending beyond a maximum height to permit closing the nacelle when the mounting interface is mounted on the generator and the knuckle boom is dismounted from the mounting interface; and, a hydraulic motor for operating the swivel, the hydraulic motor connectable to the hydraulic pump by hydraulic lines and quick connect hydraulic fittings. 2. A lift system mountable in a nacelle of a wind turbine, the lift system comprising:
a mounting interface removably securable to a generator in the nacelle of the wind turbine, the mounting interface comprising clamps that engage protruding elements of the generator to securely and removably mount the mounting interface on a top of the generator; and, a knuckle boom rotatably and removably mounted on the mounting interface, the knuckle boom comprising an extendable boom arm, the extendable boom arm comprising a translatable boom section slidably mounted on the boom arm. 3. The lift system of claim 2, further comprising a swivel removably mounted on the mounting interface, the knuckle boom rigidly mounted on the swivel, the swivel rotatable to rotate the knuckle boom mounted thereon about a vertical axis. 4. The lift system of claim 3, wherein:
the swivel comprises a rotatable portion on which the knuckle boom is mounted and a fixed portion comprising a first through aperture; and, the mounting interface comprises a second through aperture concentrically aligned with the first through aperture when the swivel is mounted on the mounting interface, 5. The lift system of claim 4, wherein the first through aperture, the second through aperture and the removable non-threaded pin comprise a plurality of first through apertures, second through apertures and removable non-threaded pins. 6. The lift system of claim 3, wherein the mounting interface further comprises a third through aperture through which a support pin is inserted, the swivel comprising a support surface having an indent in which the support pin is engaged so that the swivel rests on the support pin when the swivel is mounted on the mounting interface. 7. The lift system of claim 6, wherein the third through aperture and the support pin comprise a plurality of third through apertures and support pins. 8. The lift system of claim 3, further comprising a hydraulic motor for operating the swivel. 9. The lift system of claim 8, further comprising a power pack comprising a hydraulic pump and an electric motor for operating the hydraulic pump, the hydraulic pump connectable to the hydraulic motor through hydraulic lines and quick connect hydraulic fittings. 10. The lift system of claim 9, wherein the power pack is mounted on the mounting interface and does not extend beyond a maximum height to permit closing the nacelle when the mounting interface is mounted on the generator and the knuckle boom is dismounted from the mounting interface. 11. The lift system of claim 2, wherein the mounting interface comprises one or more hydraulic fluid reservoirs. 12. The lift system of claim 11, wherein the one or more hydraulic fluid reservoirs is one or more hollow side rails of the mounting interface in fluid communication with a hydraulic pump mounted on the mounting interface. 13. (canceled) 14. The lift system of claim 2, wherein the clamps comprise hooking portions that engage the protruding elements, and further comprise bolts for tightening the clamps on the generator. 15. The lift system of claim 1, further comprising a support bracket removably mounted on the mounting interface, the support bracket adapted to securely support a control unit thereon. 16. The lift system of claim 15, wherein the support bracket and the mounting interface comprise mated through apertures that receive removable mounting pins to mount the support bracket on the mounting interface. 17. The lift system of claim 1, wherein doors of the nacelle may be completely closed when the knuckle boom is dismounted and the mounting interface remains mounted on the generator. 18. The lift system of claim 1, wherein the knuckle boom is able to lift an upper housing of a gearbox of the wind turbine. 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) 21. A lift system mountable in a nacelle of a wind turbine, the lift system comprising:
a mounting interface removably securable to a generator in the nacelle of the wind turbine; a swivel removably mounted on the mounting interface; and, knuckle boom rigidly mounted on the swivel, the swivel rotatable to rotate the knuckle boom mounted thereon about a vertical axis, the knuckle boom comprising an extendable boom arm, the extendable boom arm comprising a translatable boom section slidably mounted on the boom arm. 22. The lift system of claim 21, wherein:
the swivel comprises a rotatable portion on which the knuckle boom is mounted and a fixed portion comprising a first through aperture; and, the mounting interface comprises a second through aperture concentrically aligned with the first through aperture when the swivel is mounted on the mounting interface, wherein the swivel is secured to the mounting interface by a non-threaded pin removably inserted through the first and second through apertures, the removable non-threaded pin permitting mounting of the swivel on and dismounting of the swivel from the mounting interface. 23. The lift system of claim 21, wherein the mounting interface comprises clamps that engage protruding elements of the generator to securely and removably mount the mounting interface on a top of the generator. | A lift system mountable in a nacelle of a wind turbine has a mounting interface removably securable to a generator in the nacelle of the wind turbine, and a knuckle boom rotatably and removably mounted on the mounting interface. The knuckle boom has an extendable boom arm having a translatable boom section slidably mounted on the boom arm. Modularity of the lift system permits lifting components of the lift system up to the nacelle using an existing service crane of the wind turbine, and rapidly dismounting the knuckle boom to permit closing doors of the nacelle in the event of inclement weather without dismounting all of the lift system components.1. A lift system mountable in a nacelle of a wind turbine, the lift system comprising:
a mounting interface removably securable to a generator in the nacelle of the wind turbine, the mounting interface comprising a first plurality of through apertures; a swivel removably mounted on the mounting interface, the swivel comprising a second plurality of through apertures each concentrically aligned with one through aperture of the first plurality of through apertures when the swivel is mounted on the mounting interface, the swivel secured to the mounting interface by a plurality of non-threaded pins removably inserted through the concentrically aligned through apertures of the first and second plurality of through apertures, the removable non-threaded pin permitting mounting of the swivel on and dismounting of the swivel from the mounting interface; a knuckle boom rotatably mounted on the swivel, the knuckle boom rotatable on the swivel about a vertical axis, the knuckle boom comprising an extendable boom arm, the extendable boom arm comprising a translatable boom section slidably mounted on the boom arm; a power pack mounted on the mounting interface, the power pack comprising an electric motor and a hydraulic pump, the power pack not extending beyond a maximum height to permit closing the nacelle when the mounting interface is mounted on the generator and the knuckle boom is dismounted from the mounting interface; and, a hydraulic motor for operating the swivel, the hydraulic motor connectable to the hydraulic pump by hydraulic lines and quick connect hydraulic fittings. 2. A lift system mountable in a nacelle of a wind turbine, the lift system comprising:
a mounting interface removably securable to a generator in the nacelle of the wind turbine, the mounting interface comprising clamps that engage protruding elements of the generator to securely and removably mount the mounting interface on a top of the generator; and, a knuckle boom rotatably and removably mounted on the mounting interface, the knuckle boom comprising an extendable boom arm, the extendable boom arm comprising a translatable boom section slidably mounted on the boom arm. 3. The lift system of claim 2, further comprising a swivel removably mounted on the mounting interface, the knuckle boom rigidly mounted on the swivel, the swivel rotatable to rotate the knuckle boom mounted thereon about a vertical axis. 4. The lift system of claim 3, wherein:
the swivel comprises a rotatable portion on which the knuckle boom is mounted and a fixed portion comprising a first through aperture; and, the mounting interface comprises a second through aperture concentrically aligned with the first through aperture when the swivel is mounted on the mounting interface, 5. The lift system of claim 4, wherein the first through aperture, the second through aperture and the removable non-threaded pin comprise a plurality of first through apertures, second through apertures and removable non-threaded pins. 6. The lift system of claim 3, wherein the mounting interface further comprises a third through aperture through which a support pin is inserted, the swivel comprising a support surface having an indent in which the support pin is engaged so that the swivel rests on the support pin when the swivel is mounted on the mounting interface. 7. The lift system of claim 6, wherein the third through aperture and the support pin comprise a plurality of third through apertures and support pins. 8. The lift system of claim 3, further comprising a hydraulic motor for operating the swivel. 9. The lift system of claim 8, further comprising a power pack comprising a hydraulic pump and an electric motor for operating the hydraulic pump, the hydraulic pump connectable to the hydraulic motor through hydraulic lines and quick connect hydraulic fittings. 10. The lift system of claim 9, wherein the power pack is mounted on the mounting interface and does not extend beyond a maximum height to permit closing the nacelle when the mounting interface is mounted on the generator and the knuckle boom is dismounted from the mounting interface. 11. The lift system of claim 2, wherein the mounting interface comprises one or more hydraulic fluid reservoirs. 12. The lift system of claim 11, wherein the one or more hydraulic fluid reservoirs is one or more hollow side rails of the mounting interface in fluid communication with a hydraulic pump mounted on the mounting interface. 13. (canceled) 14. The lift system of claim 2, wherein the clamps comprise hooking portions that engage the protruding elements, and further comprise bolts for tightening the clamps on the generator. 15. The lift system of claim 1, further comprising a support bracket removably mounted on the mounting interface, the support bracket adapted to securely support a control unit thereon. 16. The lift system of claim 15, wherein the support bracket and the mounting interface comprise mated through apertures that receive removable mounting pins to mount the support bracket on the mounting interface. 17. The lift system of claim 1, wherein doors of the nacelle may be completely closed when the knuckle boom is dismounted and the mounting interface remains mounted on the generator. 18. The lift system of claim 1, wherein the knuckle boom is able to lift an upper housing of a gearbox of the wind turbine. 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) 21. A lift system mountable in a nacelle of a wind turbine, the lift system comprising:
a mounting interface removably securable to a generator in the nacelle of the wind turbine; a swivel removably mounted on the mounting interface; and, knuckle boom rigidly mounted on the swivel, the swivel rotatable to rotate the knuckle boom mounted thereon about a vertical axis, the knuckle boom comprising an extendable boom arm, the extendable boom arm comprising a translatable boom section slidably mounted on the boom arm. 22. The lift system of claim 21, wherein:
the swivel comprises a rotatable portion on which the knuckle boom is mounted and a fixed portion comprising a first through aperture; and, the mounting interface comprises a second through aperture concentrically aligned with the first through aperture when the swivel is mounted on the mounting interface, wherein the swivel is secured to the mounting interface by a non-threaded pin removably inserted through the first and second through apertures, the removable non-threaded pin permitting mounting of the swivel on and dismounting of the swivel from the mounting interface. 23. The lift system of claim 21, wherein the mounting interface comprises clamps that engage protruding elements of the generator to securely and removably mount the mounting interface on a top of the generator. | 3,700 |
340,722 | 16,642,147 | 3,726 | A process for producing thermoplastic polyoxazolidinone comprising copolymerization of a diisocyanate compound (A) with a bisepoxide compound (B) in the presence of a catalyst (C) and a compound (D) in a solvent (E), wherein the catalyst (C) is selected from the group consisting of alkali halogenides and earth alkali halogenides, and transition metal halogenides, compound (D) is selected from the group consisting of monofunctional isocyanate, monofunctional epoxide, and wherein the process comprises step (α) of placing the solvent (E) and the catalyst (C) in a reactor to provide a mixture, and adding the diisocyanate compound (A), the bisepoxide compound (B) and the compound (D) in step (β) to the mixture resulting from the step (α). The invention is also related to the resulting thermoplastic polyoxazolidinone. | 1. A process for producing thermoplastic polyoxazolidinones comprising copolymerization of
a diisocyanate compound with a bisepoxide compound in the presence of a catalyst and 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the diisocyanate compound, the bisepoxide compound, and the compound comprising a mono-epoxide group, a mono-isocyanate group, or both, are added in a continuous manner to the mixture resulting from step (a). 3. The process according to claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the diisocyanate compound, the bisepoxide compound, and the compound comprising a mono-epoxide group, a mono-isocyanate group, or both, are added in a step-wise manner to the mixture resulting from step (a). 4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the diisocyanate compound-, the bisepoxide compound, and the compound comprising a mono-epoxide group, a mono-isocyanate group, or both, are mixed prior the addition to the mixture resulting from step (a). 5. The process according to claim 4, wherein, in step (b), the mixture of the diisocyanate compound, the bisepoxide compound, and the compound comprising a mono-epoxide group, a mono-isocyanate group, or both, are added in a continuous manner to the mixture resulting from step (a). 6. The process according to claim 4, wherein, in step (b), the mixture of the diisocyanate compound, the bisepoxide compound, and the compound comprising a mono-epoxide group, a mono-isocyanate group, or both, are added in a step-wise manner with two or more individual addition steps to the mixture resulting from step (a). 7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the solvent comprises a polar aprotic solvent. 8. The process according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst comprises LiCl, LiBr, LiI, MgCl2, MgBr2, MgI2, SmI3, or a combination of two or more thereof. 9. The process according to claim 1, wherein the compound comprising a mono-epoxide group, a mono-isocyanate group, or both comprises phenyl glycidyl ether, o-kresyl glycidyl ether, m-kresyl glycidyl ether, p-kresyl glycidyl ether, 4-tert-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, 1-naphthyl glycidyl ether, 2-naphthyl glycidyl ether, 4-chlorophenyl glycidyl ether, 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl glycidyl ether, 2,4,6-tribromophenyl glycidyl ether, pentafluorophenyl glycidyl ether, cyclohexyl glycidyl ether, benzyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl benzoate, glycidyl acetate, glycidyl cyclohexylcarboxylate, methyl glycidyl ether, ethyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether, hexyl glycidyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, octyl glycidylether, a C10-C18 alkyl glycidyl ether, allyl glycidyl ether, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, styrene oxide, 1,2-butene oxide, 2,3-butene oxide, 1,2-hexene oxide, an oxide of a C10-C18 alpha-olefin, cyclohexene oxide, vinylcyclohexene monoxide, limonene monoxide, butadiene monoepoxide, N-glycidyl phthalimide, n-hexylisocyanate, 4-tert-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, cyclohexyl isocyanate, ω-chlorohexamethylene isocyanate, 2-ethyl hexyl isocyanate, n-octyl isocyanate, dodecyl isocyanate, stearyl isocyanate, methyl isocyanate, ethyl isocyanate, butyl isocyanate, isopropyl isocyanate, octadecyl isocyanate, 6-chloro-hexyl isocyanate, cyclohexyl isocyanate, 2,3,4-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate, 2-norbornyl methyl isocyanate, decyl isocyanate, dodecyl isocyanate, tetradecyl isocyanate, hexadecyl isocyanate, octadecyl isocyanate, 3-butoxypropyl isocyanate, 3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-propyl isocyanate, (trimethylsilyl)isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate, ortho-, meta-, or para-tolyl isocyanate, a 2,3,4 isomer of chlorophenyl isocyanate, dichlorophenyl isocyanate, 4-nitrophenyl isocyanate, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl isocyanate, benzyl isocyanate, dimethylphenylisocyanate, dodecylphenylisocyanat, 4-cyclohexyl-phenyl isocyanate, 4-pentyl-phenyl isocyanate, 4-t-butyl phenyl isocyanate, 1-naphthyl isocyanate, or a combination of two or more thereof. 10. The process according to any one of claim 7, wherein the polar aprotic solvent comprises sulfolane, dimethylsulfoxide, gamma-butyrolactone, or a combination of two or more thereof. 11. A process for the production of a thermoplastic polyoxazolidinone, comprising reacting the polyoxazolidinone of claim 1 with an alkylene oxide. 12. The process according claim 11, wherein the alkylene oxide comprises a monofunctional alkylene oxide and/or a polyfunctional alkylene oxide. 13. The process according to claim 12, wherein the alkylene oxide comprises a monofunctional alkylene oxide comprising phenyl glycidyl ether, o-kresyl glycidyl ether, m-kresyl glycidyl ether, p-kresyl glycidyl ether, 4-tert-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, 1-naphthyl glycidyl ether, 2-naphthyl glycidyl ether, 4-chlorophenyl glycidyl ether, 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl glycidyl ether, 2,4,6-tribromophenyl glycidyl ether, pentafluorophenyl glycidyl ether, cyclohexyl glycidyl ether, benzyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl benzoate, glycidyl acetate, glycidyl cyclohexylcarboxylate, methyl glycidyl ether, ethyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether, hexyl glycidyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, octyl glycidylether, a C10-C18 alkyl glycidyl ether, allyl glycidyl ether, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, styrene oxide, 1,2-butene oxide, 2,3-butene oxide, 1,2-hexene oxide, an oxide of a C10-C18 alpha-olefin, cyclohexene oxide, vinylcyclohexene monoxide, limonene monoxide, butadiene monoepoxide N-glycidyl phthalimide, 4-tert-butylphenyl glycidyl ether or a combination of any two or more thereof. 14. A thermoplastic polyoxazolidinone (O) obtained by a process according to claim 11. 15. A thermoplastic polyoxazolidinone (O) according to claim 14 with a number average molecular weight Mn from ≥500 to ≤500,000 g/mol, as determined with gel permeation chromatography (GPC). | A process for producing thermoplastic polyoxazolidinone comprising copolymerization of a diisocyanate compound (A) with a bisepoxide compound (B) in the presence of a catalyst (C) and a compound (D) in a solvent (E), wherein the catalyst (C) is selected from the group consisting of alkali halogenides and earth alkali halogenides, and transition metal halogenides, compound (D) is selected from the group consisting of monofunctional isocyanate, monofunctional epoxide, and wherein the process comprises step (α) of placing the solvent (E) and the catalyst (C) in a reactor to provide a mixture, and adding the diisocyanate compound (A), the bisepoxide compound (B) and the compound (D) in step (β) to the mixture resulting from the step (α). The invention is also related to the resulting thermoplastic polyoxazolidinone.1. A process for producing thermoplastic polyoxazolidinones comprising copolymerization of
a diisocyanate compound with a bisepoxide compound in the presence of a catalyst and 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the diisocyanate compound, the bisepoxide compound, and the compound comprising a mono-epoxide group, a mono-isocyanate group, or both, are added in a continuous manner to the mixture resulting from step (a). 3. The process according to claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the diisocyanate compound, the bisepoxide compound, and the compound comprising a mono-epoxide group, a mono-isocyanate group, or both, are added in a step-wise manner to the mixture resulting from step (a). 4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the diisocyanate compound-, the bisepoxide compound, and the compound comprising a mono-epoxide group, a mono-isocyanate group, or both, are mixed prior the addition to the mixture resulting from step (a). 5. The process according to claim 4, wherein, in step (b), the mixture of the diisocyanate compound, the bisepoxide compound, and the compound comprising a mono-epoxide group, a mono-isocyanate group, or both, are added in a continuous manner to the mixture resulting from step (a). 6. The process according to claim 4, wherein, in step (b), the mixture of the diisocyanate compound, the bisepoxide compound, and the compound comprising a mono-epoxide group, a mono-isocyanate group, or both, are added in a step-wise manner with two or more individual addition steps to the mixture resulting from step (a). 7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the solvent comprises a polar aprotic solvent. 8. The process according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst comprises LiCl, LiBr, LiI, MgCl2, MgBr2, MgI2, SmI3, or a combination of two or more thereof. 9. The process according to claim 1, wherein the compound comprising a mono-epoxide group, a mono-isocyanate group, or both comprises phenyl glycidyl ether, o-kresyl glycidyl ether, m-kresyl glycidyl ether, p-kresyl glycidyl ether, 4-tert-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, 1-naphthyl glycidyl ether, 2-naphthyl glycidyl ether, 4-chlorophenyl glycidyl ether, 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl glycidyl ether, 2,4,6-tribromophenyl glycidyl ether, pentafluorophenyl glycidyl ether, cyclohexyl glycidyl ether, benzyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl benzoate, glycidyl acetate, glycidyl cyclohexylcarboxylate, methyl glycidyl ether, ethyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether, hexyl glycidyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, octyl glycidylether, a C10-C18 alkyl glycidyl ether, allyl glycidyl ether, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, styrene oxide, 1,2-butene oxide, 2,3-butene oxide, 1,2-hexene oxide, an oxide of a C10-C18 alpha-olefin, cyclohexene oxide, vinylcyclohexene monoxide, limonene monoxide, butadiene monoepoxide, N-glycidyl phthalimide, n-hexylisocyanate, 4-tert-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, cyclohexyl isocyanate, ω-chlorohexamethylene isocyanate, 2-ethyl hexyl isocyanate, n-octyl isocyanate, dodecyl isocyanate, stearyl isocyanate, methyl isocyanate, ethyl isocyanate, butyl isocyanate, isopropyl isocyanate, octadecyl isocyanate, 6-chloro-hexyl isocyanate, cyclohexyl isocyanate, 2,3,4-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate, 2-norbornyl methyl isocyanate, decyl isocyanate, dodecyl isocyanate, tetradecyl isocyanate, hexadecyl isocyanate, octadecyl isocyanate, 3-butoxypropyl isocyanate, 3-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-propyl isocyanate, (trimethylsilyl)isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate, ortho-, meta-, or para-tolyl isocyanate, a 2,3,4 isomer of chlorophenyl isocyanate, dichlorophenyl isocyanate, 4-nitrophenyl isocyanate, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl isocyanate, benzyl isocyanate, dimethylphenylisocyanate, dodecylphenylisocyanat, 4-cyclohexyl-phenyl isocyanate, 4-pentyl-phenyl isocyanate, 4-t-butyl phenyl isocyanate, 1-naphthyl isocyanate, or a combination of two or more thereof. 10. The process according to any one of claim 7, wherein the polar aprotic solvent comprises sulfolane, dimethylsulfoxide, gamma-butyrolactone, or a combination of two or more thereof. 11. A process for the production of a thermoplastic polyoxazolidinone, comprising reacting the polyoxazolidinone of claim 1 with an alkylene oxide. 12. The process according claim 11, wherein the alkylene oxide comprises a monofunctional alkylene oxide and/or a polyfunctional alkylene oxide. 13. The process according to claim 12, wherein the alkylene oxide comprises a monofunctional alkylene oxide comprising phenyl glycidyl ether, o-kresyl glycidyl ether, m-kresyl glycidyl ether, p-kresyl glycidyl ether, 4-tert-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, 1-naphthyl glycidyl ether, 2-naphthyl glycidyl ether, 4-chlorophenyl glycidyl ether, 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl glycidyl ether, 2,4,6-tribromophenyl glycidyl ether, pentafluorophenyl glycidyl ether, cyclohexyl glycidyl ether, benzyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl benzoate, glycidyl acetate, glycidyl cyclohexylcarboxylate, methyl glycidyl ether, ethyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether, hexyl glycidyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, octyl glycidylether, a C10-C18 alkyl glycidyl ether, allyl glycidyl ether, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, styrene oxide, 1,2-butene oxide, 2,3-butene oxide, 1,2-hexene oxide, an oxide of a C10-C18 alpha-olefin, cyclohexene oxide, vinylcyclohexene monoxide, limonene monoxide, butadiene monoepoxide N-glycidyl phthalimide, 4-tert-butylphenyl glycidyl ether or a combination of any two or more thereof. 14. A thermoplastic polyoxazolidinone (O) obtained by a process according to claim 11. 15. A thermoplastic polyoxazolidinone (O) according to claim 14 with a number average molecular weight Mn from ≥500 to ≤500,000 g/mol, as determined with gel permeation chromatography (GPC). | 3,700 |
340,723 | 16,642,180 | 3,726 | An organic light emitting diode display panel includes a substrate; an array layer disposed on the substrate; a groove defined on a surface of the array layer away from the substrate; a phase change composite material containing dry particles disposed in the groove; an electroluminescent layer disposed on the array layer; and a thin film encapsulation layer disposed on the electroluminescent layer and extending onto the array layer to cover the groove. | 1. An organic light emitting diode display panel, comprising:
a substrate; an array layer disposed on the substrate and comprising a display area and a non-display area defined around the display area; a groove defined on a surface of the array layer away from the substrate and on the non-display area; a phase change composite material containing dry particles disposed in the groove, and a particle size of each of the dry particles ranging between 5 nm and 50 nm; an electroluminescent layer disposed on the array layer; and a thin film encapsulation layer disposed on the electroluminescent layer and extending onto the array layer to cover the groove. 2. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 1, wherein:
the array layer comprises an array sub-layer and a first inorganic film layer sequentially stacked on the substrate, and the groove is defined on a surface of the first inorganic film layer away from the substrate; and the thin film encapsulation layer comprises a second inorganic film layer, an organic layer, and a third inorganic film layer sequentially stacked on the electroluminescent layer, and the third inorganic film layer extends to the surface of the array layer away from the substrate and covers the groove. 3. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 1, wherein the groove is ring-shaped, and the groove is defined around the display area. 4. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 1, wherein the groove is a square ring groove or a circular groove. 5. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 1, wherein a number of the groove is at least one. 6. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 5, wherein when the number of the grooves is plural, and there is a preset distance between adjacent grooves. 7. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 1, wherein the phase change composite material comprises a combination of one or more of paraffin, fatty acids, and high-density polyethylene. 8. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 1, wherein each of the dry particles comprises a combination of one or more of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, and silicate. 9. An organic light emitting diode display panel, comprising:
a substrate; an array layer disposed on the substrate; a groove defined on a surface of the array layer away from the substrate; a phase change composite material containing dry particles disposed in the groove; an electroluminescent layer disposed on the array layer; and a thin film encapsulation layer disposed on the electroluminescent layer and extending onto the array layer to cover the groove. 10. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 9, wherein:
the array layer comprises an array sub-layer and a first inorganic film layer sequentially stacked on the substrate, and the groove is defined on a surface of the first inorganic film layer away from the substrate; and the thin film encapsulation layer comprises a second inorganic film layer, an organic layer, and a third inorganic film layer sequentially stacked on the electroluminescent layer, and the third inorganic film layer extends to the surface of the array layer away from the substrate and covers the groove. 11. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 9, wherein the array layer comprises a display area and a non-display area defined around the display area, and the groove is defined on the non-display area. 12. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 11, wherein the groove is ring-shaped, and the groove is defined around the display area. 13. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 11, wherein the groove is a square ring groove or a circular groove. 14. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 11, wherein a number of the groove is at least one. 15. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 14, wherein when the number of the grooves is plural, and there is a preset distance between adjacent grooves. 16. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 9, wherein the phase change composite material comprises a combination of one or more of paraffin, fatty acids, and high-density polyethylene. 17. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 9, wherein a particle size of each of the dry particles ranges between 5 nm and 50 nm. 18. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 9, wherein each of the dry particles comprises a combination of one or more of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, and silicate. 19. A method of manufacturing an organic light emitting diode display panel, comprising:
providing a substrate on which an array layer is formed; forming a groove on a surface of the array layer away from the substrate; adding a phase change composite material containing dry particles in the groove; curing the phase change composite material containing the dry particles; and sequentially forming an electroluminescent layer and a thin film encapsulation layer on the array layer, and the thin film encapsulation layer extending onto the array layer to cover the groove. | An organic light emitting diode display panel includes a substrate; an array layer disposed on the substrate; a groove defined on a surface of the array layer away from the substrate; a phase change composite material containing dry particles disposed in the groove; an electroluminescent layer disposed on the array layer; and a thin film encapsulation layer disposed on the electroluminescent layer and extending onto the array layer to cover the groove.1. An organic light emitting diode display panel, comprising:
a substrate; an array layer disposed on the substrate and comprising a display area and a non-display area defined around the display area; a groove defined on a surface of the array layer away from the substrate and on the non-display area; a phase change composite material containing dry particles disposed in the groove, and a particle size of each of the dry particles ranging between 5 nm and 50 nm; an electroluminescent layer disposed on the array layer; and a thin film encapsulation layer disposed on the electroluminescent layer and extending onto the array layer to cover the groove. 2. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 1, wherein:
the array layer comprises an array sub-layer and a first inorganic film layer sequentially stacked on the substrate, and the groove is defined on a surface of the first inorganic film layer away from the substrate; and the thin film encapsulation layer comprises a second inorganic film layer, an organic layer, and a third inorganic film layer sequentially stacked on the electroluminescent layer, and the third inorganic film layer extends to the surface of the array layer away from the substrate and covers the groove. 3. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 1, wherein the groove is ring-shaped, and the groove is defined around the display area. 4. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 1, wherein the groove is a square ring groove or a circular groove. 5. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 1, wherein a number of the groove is at least one. 6. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 5, wherein when the number of the grooves is plural, and there is a preset distance between adjacent grooves. 7. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 1, wherein the phase change composite material comprises a combination of one or more of paraffin, fatty acids, and high-density polyethylene. 8. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 1, wherein each of the dry particles comprises a combination of one or more of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, and silicate. 9. An organic light emitting diode display panel, comprising:
a substrate; an array layer disposed on the substrate; a groove defined on a surface of the array layer away from the substrate; a phase change composite material containing dry particles disposed in the groove; an electroluminescent layer disposed on the array layer; and a thin film encapsulation layer disposed on the electroluminescent layer and extending onto the array layer to cover the groove. 10. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 9, wherein:
the array layer comprises an array sub-layer and a first inorganic film layer sequentially stacked on the substrate, and the groove is defined on a surface of the first inorganic film layer away from the substrate; and the thin film encapsulation layer comprises a second inorganic film layer, an organic layer, and a third inorganic film layer sequentially stacked on the electroluminescent layer, and the third inorganic film layer extends to the surface of the array layer away from the substrate and covers the groove. 11. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 9, wherein the array layer comprises a display area and a non-display area defined around the display area, and the groove is defined on the non-display area. 12. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 11, wherein the groove is ring-shaped, and the groove is defined around the display area. 13. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 11, wherein the groove is a square ring groove or a circular groove. 14. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 11, wherein a number of the groove is at least one. 15. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 14, wherein when the number of the grooves is plural, and there is a preset distance between adjacent grooves. 16. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 9, wherein the phase change composite material comprises a combination of one or more of paraffin, fatty acids, and high-density polyethylene. 17. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 9, wherein a particle size of each of the dry particles ranges between 5 nm and 50 nm. 18. The organic light emitting diode display panel according to claim 9, wherein each of the dry particles comprises a combination of one or more of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, and silicate. 19. A method of manufacturing an organic light emitting diode display panel, comprising:
providing a substrate on which an array layer is formed; forming a groove on a surface of the array layer away from the substrate; adding a phase change composite material containing dry particles in the groove; curing the phase change composite material containing the dry particles; and sequentially forming an electroluminescent layer and a thin film encapsulation layer on the array layer, and the thin film encapsulation layer extending onto the array layer to cover the groove. | 3,700 |
340,724 | 16,642,204 | 3,726 | The invention provides a cosmetic base having an unprecedented appearance and feeling on use, in particular a cosmetic base with a novel feeling on use that gives a fresh feeling and a unique feel as the cosmetic softly bursts and collapses, allowing water to flow out, when applied to the skin, and a skin cosmetic using the same. A cosmetic base includes (A) 0.15-0.6 mass % of sodium acrylate-grafted starch and (B) 0.25-1.35 mass % of an associative thickener having a polyoxyalkylene chain wherein the total amount of the (A) sodium acrylate-grafted starch and (B) associative thickener having a polyoxyalkylene chain compounded is 0.5-1.5 mass % and to a skin cosmetic that uses the cosmetic base. | 1. A cosmetic base, comprising:
(A) 0.15 to 0.6% by mass of sodium acrylate-grafted starch; (B) 0.25 to 1.35% by mass of an associative thickener having a polyoxyalkylene chain; and wherein a total amount of said sodium acrylate-grafted starch (A) and said associative thickener (B), having a polyoxyalkylene chain, is 0.5 to 1.5% by mass. 2. The cosmetic base, according to claim 1, wherein:
said associative thickener (B), having the polyoxyalkylene chain, is at least one thickener selected from a group consisting of (B-1) a hydrophobically modified polyether urethane, (B-2) a hydrophobically modified alkylcellulose and (B-3) a polyacrylate crosspolymer. 3. The cosmetic base, according to claim 2, wherein
said hydrophobically modified polyether urethane (B-1) is one thickener represented by a following formula (I):
[Formula 1]
R1—{(O—R2)k—OCONH—R3[—NHCOO—(R4—O)n-R5]h}m (I)
wherein each of R1, R2 and R4 is independently a group selected from a group consisting of an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and a phenyl ethylene group; R3 is a group selected from a group consisting of an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a urethane bond; R5 is a group selected from a group consisting of a linear alkyl group, branched alkyl group and a secondary alkyl group, which has 8 to 36 carbon atoms; m is a number not smaller than of 2; h is a number not smaller than 1; k is a number of 1 to 500; and n is a number of 1 to 200. 4. The cosmetic base, according to claim 3, wherein:
said hydrophobically modified polyether urethane (B-1) is (PEG-240/decyltetradeces-20/HDI) copolymer. 5. The cosmetic base, according to claim 2, wherein;
said hydrophobically modified alkylcellulose (B-2) is at least one cellulose selected from a group consisting of celluloses having a following formula (II): 6. The cosmetic base, according to claim 5, wherein
said hydrophobically modified alkylcellulose (B-2) is stearoxy hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. 7. The cosmetic base, according to claim 2, wherein
said polyacrylate crosspolymer (B-3) is polyacrylate crosspolymer-6. 8. A skin cosmetic, comprising:
said cosmetic base according to claim 1. 9. The skin cosmetic, according to claim 8, wherein:
said skin cosmetic is in the form of a gel having a viscosity of 5,000 mPa·s to 250,000 mPa·s. 10. The skin cosmetic, according to claim 8, further comprising:
20% by mass or less of an oil component. 11. The skin cosmetic, according to claim 8, further comprising:
a powder; and an aqueous thickener other than said component (A) and said component (B). | The invention provides a cosmetic base having an unprecedented appearance and feeling on use, in particular a cosmetic base with a novel feeling on use that gives a fresh feeling and a unique feel as the cosmetic softly bursts and collapses, allowing water to flow out, when applied to the skin, and a skin cosmetic using the same. A cosmetic base includes (A) 0.15-0.6 mass % of sodium acrylate-grafted starch and (B) 0.25-1.35 mass % of an associative thickener having a polyoxyalkylene chain wherein the total amount of the (A) sodium acrylate-grafted starch and (B) associative thickener having a polyoxyalkylene chain compounded is 0.5-1.5 mass % and to a skin cosmetic that uses the cosmetic base.1. A cosmetic base, comprising:
(A) 0.15 to 0.6% by mass of sodium acrylate-grafted starch; (B) 0.25 to 1.35% by mass of an associative thickener having a polyoxyalkylene chain; and wherein a total amount of said sodium acrylate-grafted starch (A) and said associative thickener (B), having a polyoxyalkylene chain, is 0.5 to 1.5% by mass. 2. The cosmetic base, according to claim 1, wherein:
said associative thickener (B), having the polyoxyalkylene chain, is at least one thickener selected from a group consisting of (B-1) a hydrophobically modified polyether urethane, (B-2) a hydrophobically modified alkylcellulose and (B-3) a polyacrylate crosspolymer. 3. The cosmetic base, according to claim 2, wherein
said hydrophobically modified polyether urethane (B-1) is one thickener represented by a following formula (I):
[Formula 1]
R1—{(O—R2)k—OCONH—R3[—NHCOO—(R4—O)n-R5]h}m (I)
wherein each of R1, R2 and R4 is independently a group selected from a group consisting of an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and a phenyl ethylene group; R3 is a group selected from a group consisting of an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a urethane bond; R5 is a group selected from a group consisting of a linear alkyl group, branched alkyl group and a secondary alkyl group, which has 8 to 36 carbon atoms; m is a number not smaller than of 2; h is a number not smaller than 1; k is a number of 1 to 500; and n is a number of 1 to 200. 4. The cosmetic base, according to claim 3, wherein:
said hydrophobically modified polyether urethane (B-1) is (PEG-240/decyltetradeces-20/HDI) copolymer. 5. The cosmetic base, according to claim 2, wherein;
said hydrophobically modified alkylcellulose (B-2) is at least one cellulose selected from a group consisting of celluloses having a following formula (II): 6. The cosmetic base, according to claim 5, wherein
said hydrophobically modified alkylcellulose (B-2) is stearoxy hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. 7. The cosmetic base, according to claim 2, wherein
said polyacrylate crosspolymer (B-3) is polyacrylate crosspolymer-6. 8. A skin cosmetic, comprising:
said cosmetic base according to claim 1. 9. The skin cosmetic, according to claim 8, wherein:
said skin cosmetic is in the form of a gel having a viscosity of 5,000 mPa·s to 250,000 mPa·s. 10. The skin cosmetic, according to claim 8, further comprising:
20% by mass or less of an oil component. 11. The skin cosmetic, according to claim 8, further comprising:
a powder; and an aqueous thickener other than said component (A) and said component (B). | 3,700 |
340,725 | 16,642,181 | 1,675 | Disclosed herein are methods for providing a molecular efficacy of a ligand, especially when utilizing single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (“smFRET”) imaging, as well as compounds useful in such methods. | 1. A method for providing a molecular efficacy of a ligand, the method comprising normalizing an effective rate of generating GS(GTP) from GS(GDP) provided by the ligand to an effective rate of adrenaline in generating GS(GTP) from GS(GDP) to provide a normalized value η1; and
normalizing an apparent EC50 for GDP binding of the ligand to an apparent EC50 for GDP binding of adrenaline to provide a normalized value η2;
wherein a value greater than 1.0 for the multiple of η1 and η2 indicates the ligand is more efficacious than adrenaline. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises
single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (“smFRET”) imaging of a complex of GS with Cy3B*/Cy7*-labelled β2Δ6-N148C/L266C in the presence of a saturating concentration of the ligand, a concentration of GS, and a concentration of apyrase. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises
smFRET imaging of Cy3B*/Cy7*-labelled β2Δ6-N148C/L266C in the presence of a saturating concentration of the ligand, a concentration of GDP, and two or more different concentrations of GS; wherein at least two of the two or more different concentrations of GS are each below a saturating concentration of GS. 4. (canceled) 5. A method for providing a molecular efficacy of a ligand, the method comprising detecting an effective rate of generating GS(GTP) from GS(GDP) provided by the ligand (“ligand effective rate”); and
detecting an apparent EC50 for GDP binding of the ligand (“ligand EC50”);
wherein
a value greater than 1.0 for the product of η1 and η2 indicates the ligand is more efficacious than adrenaline;
η1 is the ligand effective rate normalized to an effective rate of adrenaline in generating GS(GTP) from GS(GDP);
η2 is the ligand EC50 normalized to an apparent EC50 for GDP binding of adrenaline; and
a value greater than 1.0 for the product of η1 and η2 indicates the ligand is more efficacious than adrenaline. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein detecting an effective rate of generating GS(GTP) from GS(GDP) provided by the ligand comprises single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (“smFRET”) imaging. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein detecting the apparent EC50 for GDP binding of the ligand comprises smFRET imaging. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises detecting the effective rate of adrenaline in generating GS(GTP) from GS(GDP). 9. The method of claim 8, wherein detecting the effective rate of adrenaline in generating GS(GTP) from GS(GDP) comprises smFRET imaging. 10. The method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises detecting the apparent EC50 for GDP binding of adrenaline. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein detecting the apparent EC50 for GDP binding of adrenaline comprises smFRET imaging. 12. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises a β2AR that is labelled with a compound according to the following formula 13. (canceled) 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the β2AR is a mutant of native β2AR that comprises replacing an amino acid of native β2AR with a cysteine. 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. (Canceled) 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the method comprises a β2AR labelled with a compound according to the following formula 19. (canceled) 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the β2AR is a mutant of native β2AR that comprises replacing an amino acid of native β2AR with a cysteine. 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. (canceled) 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the method comprises a β2AR that is Cy3B*-labelled and Cy7*-labelled (“Cy3B*/Cy7*-labelled β2AR”). 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the method comprises
single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (“smFRET”) imaging of a complex of GS with Cy3B*/Cy7*-labelled β2AR in the presence of a saturating concentration of the ligand, a concentration of GS, and a concentration of apyrase. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the method comprises
smFRET of Cy3B*/Cy7*-labelled β2AR in the presence of a saturating concentration of the ligand, a concentration of GDP, and two or more different concentrations of GS; wherein at least two of the two or more different concentrations of GS are each below a saturating concentration of GS. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein the method comprises single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (“smFRET”) imaging of a complex of GS with Cy3B*/Cy7*-labelled β2Δ6-N148C/L266C in the presence of a saturating concentration of the ligand, a concentration of GS, and a concentration of apyrase. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the method comprises
smFRET of Cy3B*/Cy7*-labelled β2Δ6-N148C/L266C in the presence of a saturating concentration of the ligand, a concentration of GDP, and two or more different concentrations of GS; wherein at least two of the two or more different concentrations of GS are each below a saturating concentration of GS. 29. A compound useful in single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (“smFRET”) imaging, wherein the compound is 30. (canceled) | Disclosed herein are methods for providing a molecular efficacy of a ligand, especially when utilizing single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (“smFRET”) imaging, as well as compounds useful in such methods.1. A method for providing a molecular efficacy of a ligand, the method comprising normalizing an effective rate of generating GS(GTP) from GS(GDP) provided by the ligand to an effective rate of adrenaline in generating GS(GTP) from GS(GDP) to provide a normalized value η1; and
normalizing an apparent EC50 for GDP binding of the ligand to an apparent EC50 for GDP binding of adrenaline to provide a normalized value η2;
wherein a value greater than 1.0 for the multiple of η1 and η2 indicates the ligand is more efficacious than adrenaline. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises
single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (“smFRET”) imaging of a complex of GS with Cy3B*/Cy7*-labelled β2Δ6-N148C/L266C in the presence of a saturating concentration of the ligand, a concentration of GS, and a concentration of apyrase. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises
smFRET imaging of Cy3B*/Cy7*-labelled β2Δ6-N148C/L266C in the presence of a saturating concentration of the ligand, a concentration of GDP, and two or more different concentrations of GS; wherein at least two of the two or more different concentrations of GS are each below a saturating concentration of GS. 4. (canceled) 5. A method for providing a molecular efficacy of a ligand, the method comprising detecting an effective rate of generating GS(GTP) from GS(GDP) provided by the ligand (“ligand effective rate”); and
detecting an apparent EC50 for GDP binding of the ligand (“ligand EC50”);
wherein
a value greater than 1.0 for the product of η1 and η2 indicates the ligand is more efficacious than adrenaline;
η1 is the ligand effective rate normalized to an effective rate of adrenaline in generating GS(GTP) from GS(GDP);
η2 is the ligand EC50 normalized to an apparent EC50 for GDP binding of adrenaline; and
a value greater than 1.0 for the product of η1 and η2 indicates the ligand is more efficacious than adrenaline. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein detecting an effective rate of generating GS(GTP) from GS(GDP) provided by the ligand comprises single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (“smFRET”) imaging. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein detecting the apparent EC50 for GDP binding of the ligand comprises smFRET imaging. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises detecting the effective rate of adrenaline in generating GS(GTP) from GS(GDP). 9. The method of claim 8, wherein detecting the effective rate of adrenaline in generating GS(GTP) from GS(GDP) comprises smFRET imaging. 10. The method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises detecting the apparent EC50 for GDP binding of adrenaline. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein detecting the apparent EC50 for GDP binding of adrenaline comprises smFRET imaging. 12. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises a β2AR that is labelled with a compound according to the following formula 13. (canceled) 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the β2AR is a mutant of native β2AR that comprises replacing an amino acid of native β2AR with a cysteine. 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. (Canceled) 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the method comprises a β2AR labelled with a compound according to the following formula 19. (canceled) 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the β2AR is a mutant of native β2AR that comprises replacing an amino acid of native β2AR with a cysteine. 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) 23. (canceled) 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the method comprises a β2AR that is Cy3B*-labelled and Cy7*-labelled (“Cy3B*/Cy7*-labelled β2AR”). 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the method comprises
single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (“smFRET”) imaging of a complex of GS with Cy3B*/Cy7*-labelled β2AR in the presence of a saturating concentration of the ligand, a concentration of GS, and a concentration of apyrase. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the method comprises
smFRET of Cy3B*/Cy7*-labelled β2AR in the presence of a saturating concentration of the ligand, a concentration of GDP, and two or more different concentrations of GS; wherein at least two of the two or more different concentrations of GS are each below a saturating concentration of GS. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein the method comprises single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (“smFRET”) imaging of a complex of GS with Cy3B*/Cy7*-labelled β2Δ6-N148C/L266C in the presence of a saturating concentration of the ligand, a concentration of GS, and a concentration of apyrase. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the method comprises
smFRET of Cy3B*/Cy7*-labelled β2Δ6-N148C/L266C in the presence of a saturating concentration of the ligand, a concentration of GDP, and two or more different concentrations of GS; wherein at least two of the two or more different concentrations of GS are each below a saturating concentration of GS. 29. A compound useful in single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (“smFRET”) imaging, wherein the compound is 30. (canceled) | 1,600 |
340,726 | 16,642,211 | 1,675 | A scanning-system including transmit/receive paths, a transmitter, a receiver and a rotating-scanning-device. The transmitter emits radiation which propagates along an optical-axis on the transmit-path. The radiation from the target-object is detected by the receiver on the receive-path. The rotating-scanning-device includes an optical-system and a rotating-deflection-unit, which deflects the radiation of the transmit/receive paths. The optical-system includes a first-focusing-unit and a rotating-second-focusing-unit. The movements of the rotating-deflection-unit and the rotating-second-focusing-unit occur synchronously to ensure an alignment of the deflected radiation with the second-focusing-unit. The first-focusing-unit reproduces the radiation emitted by the transmitter on the rotating-deflection-unit so that the beam-diameter on the rotating-deflection-unit is reduced. The rotating-deflection-unit deflects the radiation onto the rotating-second-focusing-unit and the rotating-second-focusing-unit collimates the radiation toward the target-object. The rotating-second-focusing-unit reproduces the radiation from the target-object on the rotating-deflection-unit so that the beam-diameter on the rotating-deflection-unit is reduced, and the rotating-deflection-unit deflects the received radiation toward the receiver. | 1-10. (canceled) 11. A scanning system, comprising:
a transmitter; a receiver; and a rotating scanning device, wherein there is a transmit path and a receive path; wherein the transmitter is configured to emit radiation which propagates along an optical axis on the transmit path, wherein the radiation received from the target object is detected by the receiver on the receive path, wherein the rotating scanning device includes an optical system and a rotating deflection unit, wherein the rotating deflection unit of the scanning device is configured to deflect the radiation of the transmit path and the receive path, wherein the optical system includes a first focusing unit and a rotating second focusing unit, wherein the movements of the rotating deflection unit and the rotating second focusing unit take place synchronously to ensure an alignment of the deflected radiation with the second focusing unit, wherein the first focusing unit is configured to reproduce the radiation emitted by the transmitter on the rotating deflection unit so that the beam diameter on the rotating deflection unit is reduced, wherein the rotating deflection unit is configured to deflect the radiation onto the rotating second focusing unit, wherein the rotating second focusing unit is configured to collimate the radiation toward the target object, wherein the rotating second focusing unit is configured to reproduce the radiation received from the target object on the rotating deflection unit so that the beam diameter on the rotating deflection unit is reduced, and wherein the rotating deflection unit is configured to deflect the received radiation toward the receiver. 12. The scanning system of claim 11, wherein the transmit path and the receive path coincide between the rotating deflection unit and the rotating second focusing unit in a first beam path, and wherein the rotating second focusing unit includes a converging lens, which is configured to collimate the emitted radiation toward the target object and focus the radiation received from the target object onto the rotating deflection unit. 13. The scanning system of claim 11, wherein the transmit path and the receive path are decoupled between the rotating deflection unit and the rotating second focusing unit in a second beam path, wherein the rotating second focusing unit includes two converging lenses, and wherein the first converging lens is located in the transmit path and the second converging lens is located in the receive path. 14. The scanning system of claim 13, wherein the rotating deflection unit is made up of two elements, and wherein the first element of the rotating deflection unit is located in the transmit path and the second element is located in the receive path. 15. The scanning system of claim 11, wherein the transmitter and the receiver are situated perpendicularly in relation to one another, further comprising:
a beam splitter to decouple the transmit path and the receive path between the rotating deflection unit and the transmitter and the receiver. 16. The scanning system of claim 11, wherein the first focusing unit includes two converging lenses, wherein the first converging lens is situated in the transmit path and the second converging lens is situated in the receive path, and wherein the converging lens in the receive path focuses the radiation received from the target object onto the receiver. 17. The scanning system of claim 11, wherein the synchronization of the movements of the rotating deflection unit and the rotating second focusing unit are carried out mechanically and/or by control technology by a coupling unit. 18. The scanning system of claim 11, wherein the rotating deflection unit is configured to rotate at an angular velocity Ω1, and wherein the rotating second focusing unit of the optical system is seated in a rotating frame, which moves at an angular velocity Ω2=2Ω1. 19. A transmitting device for a scanning system, comprising:
a transmitter; and a rotating scanning device, wherein there is a transmit path; wherein the transmitter is configured to emit radiation which propagates along an optical axis, wherein the rotating scanning device includes an optical system and a rotating deflection unit, the rotating deflection unit of the scanning device being configured to deflect the radiation, wherein the optical system includes a first focusing unit and a rotating second focusing unit, wherein movements of the rotating deflection unit and the rotating second focusing unit take place synchronously to ensure an alignment of the deflected radiation with the second focusing unit, wherein the first focusing unit is configured to reproduce the radiation emitted by the transmitter on the rotating deflection unit so that the beam diameter on the rotating deflection unit is reduced, wherein the rotating deflection unit is configured to deflect the radiation onto the rotating second focusing unit, and wherein the rotating second focusing unit is configured to collimate the radiation toward the target object so as to reduce the beam divergence of the radiation deflected by the rotating deflection unit. 20. A receiving device for a scanning system, comprising:
a receiver; and a rotating scanning device, wherein there is a receive path; wherein the receiver is configured to detect the radiation received from the target object on the receive path, wherein the rotating scanning device includes an optical system and a rotating deflection unit, wherein the radiation is deflected by the rotating deflection unit of the scanning device, wherein the optical system includes a first focusing unit and a rotating second focusing unit, wherein the movements of the rotating deflection unit and the rotating second focusing unit take place synchronously to ensure an alignment of the deflected radiation with the second focusing unit, wherein the rotating second focusing unit is configured to reproduce the radiation received from the target object on the rotating deflection unit so that the beam diameter is reduced, and wherein the rotating deflection unit is configured to deflect the radiation received from the target object and conducting it to the receiver. | A scanning-system including transmit/receive paths, a transmitter, a receiver and a rotating-scanning-device. The transmitter emits radiation which propagates along an optical-axis on the transmit-path. The radiation from the target-object is detected by the receiver on the receive-path. The rotating-scanning-device includes an optical-system and a rotating-deflection-unit, which deflects the radiation of the transmit/receive paths. The optical-system includes a first-focusing-unit and a rotating-second-focusing-unit. The movements of the rotating-deflection-unit and the rotating-second-focusing-unit occur synchronously to ensure an alignment of the deflected radiation with the second-focusing-unit. The first-focusing-unit reproduces the radiation emitted by the transmitter on the rotating-deflection-unit so that the beam-diameter on the rotating-deflection-unit is reduced. The rotating-deflection-unit deflects the radiation onto the rotating-second-focusing-unit and the rotating-second-focusing-unit collimates the radiation toward the target-object. The rotating-second-focusing-unit reproduces the radiation from the target-object on the rotating-deflection-unit so that the beam-diameter on the rotating-deflection-unit is reduced, and the rotating-deflection-unit deflects the received radiation toward the receiver.1-10. (canceled) 11. A scanning system, comprising:
a transmitter; a receiver; and a rotating scanning device, wherein there is a transmit path and a receive path; wherein the transmitter is configured to emit radiation which propagates along an optical axis on the transmit path, wherein the radiation received from the target object is detected by the receiver on the receive path, wherein the rotating scanning device includes an optical system and a rotating deflection unit, wherein the rotating deflection unit of the scanning device is configured to deflect the radiation of the transmit path and the receive path, wherein the optical system includes a first focusing unit and a rotating second focusing unit, wherein the movements of the rotating deflection unit and the rotating second focusing unit take place synchronously to ensure an alignment of the deflected radiation with the second focusing unit, wherein the first focusing unit is configured to reproduce the radiation emitted by the transmitter on the rotating deflection unit so that the beam diameter on the rotating deflection unit is reduced, wherein the rotating deflection unit is configured to deflect the radiation onto the rotating second focusing unit, wherein the rotating second focusing unit is configured to collimate the radiation toward the target object, wherein the rotating second focusing unit is configured to reproduce the radiation received from the target object on the rotating deflection unit so that the beam diameter on the rotating deflection unit is reduced, and wherein the rotating deflection unit is configured to deflect the received radiation toward the receiver. 12. The scanning system of claim 11, wherein the transmit path and the receive path coincide between the rotating deflection unit and the rotating second focusing unit in a first beam path, and wherein the rotating second focusing unit includes a converging lens, which is configured to collimate the emitted radiation toward the target object and focus the radiation received from the target object onto the rotating deflection unit. 13. The scanning system of claim 11, wherein the transmit path and the receive path are decoupled between the rotating deflection unit and the rotating second focusing unit in a second beam path, wherein the rotating second focusing unit includes two converging lenses, and wherein the first converging lens is located in the transmit path and the second converging lens is located in the receive path. 14. The scanning system of claim 13, wherein the rotating deflection unit is made up of two elements, and wherein the first element of the rotating deflection unit is located in the transmit path and the second element is located in the receive path. 15. The scanning system of claim 11, wherein the transmitter and the receiver are situated perpendicularly in relation to one another, further comprising:
a beam splitter to decouple the transmit path and the receive path between the rotating deflection unit and the transmitter and the receiver. 16. The scanning system of claim 11, wherein the first focusing unit includes two converging lenses, wherein the first converging lens is situated in the transmit path and the second converging lens is situated in the receive path, and wherein the converging lens in the receive path focuses the radiation received from the target object onto the receiver. 17. The scanning system of claim 11, wherein the synchronization of the movements of the rotating deflection unit and the rotating second focusing unit are carried out mechanically and/or by control technology by a coupling unit. 18. The scanning system of claim 11, wherein the rotating deflection unit is configured to rotate at an angular velocity Ω1, and wherein the rotating second focusing unit of the optical system is seated in a rotating frame, which moves at an angular velocity Ω2=2Ω1. 19. A transmitting device for a scanning system, comprising:
a transmitter; and a rotating scanning device, wherein there is a transmit path; wherein the transmitter is configured to emit radiation which propagates along an optical axis, wherein the rotating scanning device includes an optical system and a rotating deflection unit, the rotating deflection unit of the scanning device being configured to deflect the radiation, wherein the optical system includes a first focusing unit and a rotating second focusing unit, wherein movements of the rotating deflection unit and the rotating second focusing unit take place synchronously to ensure an alignment of the deflected radiation with the second focusing unit, wherein the first focusing unit is configured to reproduce the radiation emitted by the transmitter on the rotating deflection unit so that the beam diameter on the rotating deflection unit is reduced, wherein the rotating deflection unit is configured to deflect the radiation onto the rotating second focusing unit, and wherein the rotating second focusing unit is configured to collimate the radiation toward the target object so as to reduce the beam divergence of the radiation deflected by the rotating deflection unit. 20. A receiving device for a scanning system, comprising:
a receiver; and a rotating scanning device, wherein there is a receive path; wherein the receiver is configured to detect the radiation received from the target object on the receive path, wherein the rotating scanning device includes an optical system and a rotating deflection unit, wherein the radiation is deflected by the rotating deflection unit of the scanning device, wherein the optical system includes a first focusing unit and a rotating second focusing unit, wherein the movements of the rotating deflection unit and the rotating second focusing unit take place synchronously to ensure an alignment of the deflected radiation with the second focusing unit, wherein the rotating second focusing unit is configured to reproduce the radiation received from the target object on the rotating deflection unit so that the beam diameter is reduced, and wherein the rotating deflection unit is configured to deflect the radiation received from the target object and conducting it to the receiver. | 1,600 |
340,727 | 16,642,208 | 1,624 | The present invention provides novel compounds, compositions and methods for treating or preventing an IRE1α-related disease or disorder. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of a neurodegenerative disease, a demyelinating disease, cancer, an eye disease, a fibrotic disease, and diabetes. | 1. A compound of formula (Ia), formula (Ib), or formula (Ic), or a salt, solvate, enantiomer diastereoisomer isotopologue or tautomer thereof: 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein each occurrence of optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroalkenyl, benzyl, heterocyclyl, or cycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl, halo, —ORa, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, —N(Ra)C(═O)Ra, —C(═O)NRaRa, and —N(Ra)(Ra), wherein each occurrence of Ra is independently H, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl, or two Ra groups combine with the N to which they are bound to form a heterocycle. 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein each occurrence of optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, halo, —CN, —ORb, —N(Rb)(Rb), —NO2, —S(═O)2N(Rb)(Rb), acyl, and C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl, wherein each occurrence of Rb is independently H, C1-C6 alkyl, or C3-C8 cycloalkyl. 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein each occurrence of optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, halo, —CN, —ORc, —N(Rc)(Rc), and C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl, wherein each occurrence of Rc is independently H, C1-C6 alkyl, or C3-C8 cycloalkyl. 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein Cy is selected from the group consisting of: 6. The compound of claim 1, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of: 7. The compound of claim 6, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of: 8. The compound of claim 1, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of: methyl, ethyl and isopropyl. 9. The compound of claim 1, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of:
H, C1-C8 alkyl, 10. The compound of claim 9, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of: 11. The compound of claim 1, wherein R4 is H or —NH2. 12. The compound of claim 1, wherein R5, if present, is —F. 13. The compound of claim 1, wherein R7, if present, is selected from the group consisting of: 14. The compound of claim 9, wherein each occurrence of R9 is independently selected from the group consisting of:
H, oxetanyl, C1-C8 alkyl, 15. The compound of claim 1, which is selected from the group consisting of: 16. The compound of claim 15, wherein R′ is selected from the group consisting of 17. The compound of claim 1, which is selected from the group consisting of: 18. The compound of claim 1, which is selected from the group consisting of: 19. The compound of claim 18, wherein R″′ is selected from the group consisting of —OH, —NH2, —NHCH3, —N(CH3)2, —NHCH2CH2F, —N(Me)CH2CH2F, —NHCH2CHF2, —N(Me)CH2CHF2, —NHCH2CF3, —N(Me)CH2CF3, —NHCH2CH2CF3, —N(Me)CH2CH2CF3, —NHCH2CH2C(═O)NMe2, —N(Me)CH2CH2C(═O)NMe2, —NHCH2CH2C(═O)NH2, —N(Me)CH2CH2C(═O)NH2, —NHCH2CH2C(═O)NHMe, —N(Me)CH2CH2C(═O)NHMe2, and 20. The compound of claim 1, which is selected from the group consisting of:
Example 1: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(piperazine-1-carbonyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 2: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminopiperidine-1-carbonyl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea); Example 3: 8-amino-3-methyl-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-1-[4-({[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)naphthalen-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-5-carboxamide; Example 4: 3-(4-{8-amino-5-[(3R)-3-aminopiperidine-1-carbonyl]-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 5: 3-(4-{8-amino-5-[(3S)-3-aminopiperidine-1-carbonyl]-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea); Example 6: 8-amino-3-methyl-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]-1-[4-({[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)naphthalen-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-5-carboxamide; Example 7: 8-amino-3-methyl-N-(piperidin-3-yl)-1-[4-({[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)naphthalen-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-5-carboxamide; Example 8: 8-amino-3-methyl-N-[(3S)-1-methylpiperidin-3-yl]-1-[4-({[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)naphthalen-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-5-carboxamide; Example 9: 8-amino-3-methyl-N-[(3R)-1-methylpiperidin-3-yl]-1-[4-({[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)naphthalen-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-5-carboxamide; Example 10: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 11: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(piperidin-4-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 12: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 13: 3-(4-{8-amino-5-[(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)methyl]-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 14: 3-[4-(8-amino-3-methyl-5-{[(piperidin-4-yl)amino]methyl}imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 15: 3-[4-(8-amino-5-{[(3R)-3-aminopiperidin-1-yl]methyl}-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 16: 3-[4-(8-amino-5-{[(3S)-3-aminopiperidin-1-yl]methyl}-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 17: 3-[4-(8-amino-3-methyl-5-{[(piperidin-3-yl)amino]methyl}imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 18: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-({[(3S)-piperidin-3-yl]amino}methyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 19: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 20: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-ethyl-5-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 21: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 22: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-ethyl-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 23: 3-[4-(8-amino-3-methyl-5-{[4-(methylamino)piperidin-1-yl]methyl}imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 24: 3-[4-(8-amino-3-methyl-5-{[(3R)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 25: 3-[4-(8-amino-3-methyl-5-{[(3S)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 26: 3-[4-(8-amino-5-{[(3R,5S)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 27: 3-[4-(8-amino-3-ethyl-5-{[(3R)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 28: 3-[4-(8-amino-3-ethyl-5-{[(3S)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 29: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(1,4-diazepan-1-ylmethyl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 30: 3-[4-(8-amino-5-{2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ylmethyl}-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 31: 3-[4-(8-amino-3-methyl-5-{octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-ylmethyl}imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 32: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 33: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-(3-methylphenyl)urea; Example 34: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]-3-fluorophenyl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 35: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-ethyl-5-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]-3-fluorophenyl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 36: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 37: 3-isopropyl-1-(4-((7-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-5-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 38: 2-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide; Example 39: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 40: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(piperidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 41: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 42: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]-3-fluorophenyl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 43: 3-{4-[5-(1-acetyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl)-8-amino-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 44: 3-{4-[5-(1-acetylpiperidin-3-yl)-8-amino-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 45: 3-{4-[5-(1-acetyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-8-amino-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]-3-fluorophenyl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 46: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 47: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 48: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(pyridin-3-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 49: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[1-(prop-2-enoyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 50: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminophenyl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 51: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 52: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(1,5-dimethyl-H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 53: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(1,3-dimethyl-H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 54: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 55: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-5-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 56: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(2-aminopyridin-4-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 57: 2-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide; Example 58: 2-(4-{8-amino-3-ethyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide; Example 59: 2-(4-{8-amino-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide; Example 60: 2-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide; Example 61: 2-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}-3-fluorophenyl)-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide; Example 62: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-phenylacetamide; Example 63: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-N-(3-fluorophenyl)acetamide; Example 64: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(3-fluorophenyl)acetamide; Example 65: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(3-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)acetamide; Example 66: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-N-phenylacetamide; Example 67: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(3-cyano-5-fluorophenyl)acetamide; Example 68: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(pyridin-2-yl)acetamide; Example 69: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(5-methoxypyridin-3-yl)acetamide; Example 70: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(3-cyanophenyl)acetamide; Example 71: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide; Example 72: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(pyridin-3-yl)acetamide; Example 73: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(pyrazin-2-yl)acetamide; Example 74: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(thiazol-5-yl)acetamide; Example 75: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)acetamide; Example 76: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)acetamide; Example 77: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)acetamide; Example 78: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide; Example 79: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(pyrimidin-5-yl)acetamide; Example 80: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)acetamide; Example 81: 2-(5-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(3-fluorophenyl)acetamide; Example 82: 2-(5-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-phenylacetamide; Example 83: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 84: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 85: 1-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-ethylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea; Example 86: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 87: 1-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-phenylurea; Example 88: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 89: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)urea; Example 90: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 91: 1-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-benzylurea; Example 92: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]urea; Example 93: 1-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea; Example 94: 1-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)urea; Example 95: 1-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)urea; Example 96: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-(5-chloro-2-methylphenyl)urea; Example 97: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 98: 1-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(m-tolyl)urea; Example 99: 1-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)urea; Example 100: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 101: N-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-1-[4-({[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)naphthalen-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-5-yl}cyclohex-3-en-1-yl)acetamide; Example 102: 1-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-{4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}urea; Example 103: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)urea; Example 104: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]-3-fluorophenyl}-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)urea; Example 105: 1-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]-3-fluorophenyl}-3-{4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}urea; Example 106: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-ethyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 107: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea; Example 108: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-ethyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}-3-fluorophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 109: 3-(4-{8-amino-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}-3-fluorophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 110: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}-3-fluorophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 111: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}-3-methylphenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 112: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}-2-methylphenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 113: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}-5-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 114: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}-5-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 115: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(3-methylphenyl)urea; Example 116: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 117: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-ethyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 118: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-ethyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(3-methylphenyl)urea; Example 119: 3-(4-{8-amino-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(3-methylphenyl)urea; Example 120: 3-(4-{8-amino-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 121: 1-(4-(8-Amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-phenylurea; Example 122: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)urea; Example 123: 1-(5-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 124: 1-(5-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea; Example 125: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)urea; Example 126: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-ethyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 127: 1-(5-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-phenylurea; Example 128: 1-(5-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)urea; Example 129: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 130: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-phenylurea; Example 131: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)urea; Example 132: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 133: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-3-phenylurea; Example 134: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 135: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)phenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)urea; Example 136: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(3-cyano-5-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 137: 1-(5-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)isoquinolin-8-yl)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 138: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)urea; Example 139: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-benzylurea; Example 140: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)urea; Example 141: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)urea; Example 142: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(3-cyanophenyl)urea; Example 143: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)urea; Example 144: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(pyridin-4-yl)urea; Example 145: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 146: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(3-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)urea; Example 147: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-methyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)urea; Example 148: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(5-methoxypyridin-3-yl)urea; Example 149: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)urea; Example 150: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(thiophen-3-yl)urea; Example 151: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)urea; Example 152: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 153: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-methylphenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)urea; Example 154: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-chlorophenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)urea; Example 155: 1-(4-(3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-phenylurea; Example 156: 3-Isopropyl-1-(4-((7-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 157: 1-(4-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-methyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 158: 1-(4-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)-2-fluorophenyl)-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 159: 1-(4-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 160: 1-(5-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 161: 1-(4-((4,6-difluoro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 162: 1-(4-((4,6-dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 163: 3-isopropyl-1-(4-((5-methoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 164: 2-((4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carbonitrile; Example 165: 1-(4-((7-fluoro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 166: 1-(4-((1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 167: 1-(4-((7-chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 168: 3-Isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-1-(4-((5-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 169: N-(4-(8-Amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 170: N-(4-(8-amino-3-methyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 171: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)benzenesulfonamide; Example 172: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-fluorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 173: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(2-chorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 174: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 175: N-(5-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 176: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-fluorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 177: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonamide; Example 178: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonamide; Example 179: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 180: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 181: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 182: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 183: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-1-phenylmethanesulfonamide; Example 184: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-2,5-difluorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 185: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-2-fluoro-5-methylbenzenesulfonamide; Example 186: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-2-chloro-5-fluorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 187: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(2-fluorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 188: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(2,5-difluorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 189: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-1-(2-fluorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 190: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-1-(2,5-difluorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 191: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 192: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide; Example 193: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide; Example 194: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide; Example 195: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-2,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 196: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2,5-difluorophenyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 197: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2,3-difluorophenyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 198: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-yl)methanesulfonamide; Example 199: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(pyridin-3-yl)methanesulfonamide; Example 200: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 201: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 202: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 203: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide; Example 204: 1-[(8-amino-1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-5-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-amine; Example 205: (3S)-1-[(8-amino-1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-5-yl)methyl]piperidin-3-amine; Example 206: 1-{4-[(1-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 207: 4-(8-amino-1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-5-yl)cyclohex-3-en-1-ol; Example 208: 5-[4-(dimethylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-1-{4-[(1-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 209: 5-{4-[(2,2-difluoroethyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohex-1-en-1-yl}-1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 210: 5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 211: 5-{4-[methyl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino]cyclohex-1-en-1-yl}-1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 212: 5-{4-[(2,2-difluoroethyl)amino]cyclohex-1-en-1-yl}-1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 213: 5-{4-[(2-fluoroethyl)amino]cyclohex-1-en-1-yl}-1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 214: 1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)-5-{4-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino]cyclohex-1-en-1-yl}imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 215: 5-{4-[(2-fluoroethyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohex-1-en-1-yl}-1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 216: 5-{4-[methyl(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)amino]cyclohex-1-en-1-yl}-1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 217: 3-((4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-1-(4-((7-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-5-yl)cyclohex-3-en-1-yl)amino)-N,N-dimethylpropanamide; Example 218: N-(4-{8-amino-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}-2-fluorophenyl)-2-fluoro-5-methylbenzene-1-sulfonamide; Example 219: N-(4-{8-amino-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-2-chloro-5-methylbenzene-1-sulfonamide; Example 220: N-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-((2-fluoroethyl)amino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-isopropylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl) methanesulfonamide; Example 221: 1-(4-((1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-8-chloro-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine; Example 222: 1-(4-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-8-chloro-3-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine; Example 223: N-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-((2-fluoroethyl)amino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-isopropylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 224: N-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-hydroxycyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-isopropylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 225: N-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-hydroxycyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-isopropylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 226: N-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-((2,2-difluoroethyl)amino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-isopropylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 227: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(oxetan-3-ylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 228: N-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-((2-fluoroethyl)amino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-isopropylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 229: N-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-((2-fluoroethyl)amino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-isopropylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2-fluorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 230: N-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-((2-fluoroethyl)(methyl)amino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-isopropylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 231: N-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-((2-fluoroethyl)amino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 232: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(oxetan-3-ylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; or a salt, solvate, enantiomer, diastereoisomer, isotopologue or tautomer thereof. 21. A pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of claim 1 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 22. A method of treating a RE1α-related disease in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, enantiomer, diastereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, of claim 1. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of a neurodegenerative disease, a demyelinating disease, cancer, an eye disease, a fibrotic disease, and diabetes. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein at least one applies:
(a) the neurodegenerative disease is selected from the group consisting of retinitis pigmentosa, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, retinal degeneration, macular degeneration, Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, Huntington's Disease, Prion Disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, and Kuru, (b) the demyelinating disease is selected from the group consisting of Wolfram Syndrome, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease, Transverse Myelitis, Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, and Multiple Sclerosis; (c) the cancer is multiple myeloma; (d) the diabetes is selected from the group consisting of type I diabetes and type II diabetes; (e) the eye disease is selected from the group consisting of retinitis pigmentosa, retinal degeneration, macular degeneration, and Wolfram Syndrom; (f) the fibrotic disease is selected from the group consisting of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, cirrhosis, acetominophen (Tylenol) liver toxicity, hepatitis C liver disease, hepatosteatosis (fatty liver disease), or hepatic fibrosis. 25-29. (canceled) 30. A method of inhibiting the activity of an IRE1 protein, the method comprising contacting the IRE1 protein with an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, of claim 1. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the activity is selected from the group consisting of kinase activity, oligomerization activity, and RNase activity. 32. The method of claim 30, wherein the IRE1 protein is within a cell. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein at least one applies:
(a) apoptosis of the cell is prevented or minimized, (b) the cell is in an organism that has an IRE1α-related disease or disorder selected from a neurodegenerative disease, demyelinating disease, cancer, eye disease, fibrotic disease, and diabetes. 34-36. (canceled) | The present invention provides novel compounds, compositions and methods for treating or preventing an IRE1α-related disease or disorder. In certain embodiments, the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of a neurodegenerative disease, a demyelinating disease, cancer, an eye disease, a fibrotic disease, and diabetes.1. A compound of formula (Ia), formula (Ib), or formula (Ic), or a salt, solvate, enantiomer diastereoisomer isotopologue or tautomer thereof: 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein each occurrence of optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroalkenyl, benzyl, heterocyclyl, or cycloalkyl is independently optionally substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl, halo, —ORa, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, —N(Ra)C(═O)Ra, —C(═O)NRaRa, and —N(Ra)(Ra), wherein each occurrence of Ra is independently H, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl, or two Ra groups combine with the N to which they are bound to form a heterocycle. 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein each occurrence of optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, halo, —CN, —ORb, —N(Rb)(Rb), —NO2, —S(═O)2N(Rb)(Rb), acyl, and C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl, wherein each occurrence of Rb is independently H, C1-C6 alkyl, or C3-C8 cycloalkyl. 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein each occurrence of optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, halo, —CN, —ORc, —N(Rc)(Rc), and C1-C6 alkoxycarbonyl, wherein each occurrence of Rc is independently H, C1-C6 alkyl, or C3-C8 cycloalkyl. 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein Cy is selected from the group consisting of: 6. The compound of claim 1, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of: 7. The compound of claim 6, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of: 8. The compound of claim 1, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of: methyl, ethyl and isopropyl. 9. The compound of claim 1, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of:
H, C1-C8 alkyl, 10. The compound of claim 9, wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of: 11. The compound of claim 1, wherein R4 is H or —NH2. 12. The compound of claim 1, wherein R5, if present, is —F. 13. The compound of claim 1, wherein R7, if present, is selected from the group consisting of: 14. The compound of claim 9, wherein each occurrence of R9 is independently selected from the group consisting of:
H, oxetanyl, C1-C8 alkyl, 15. The compound of claim 1, which is selected from the group consisting of: 16. The compound of claim 15, wherein R′ is selected from the group consisting of 17. The compound of claim 1, which is selected from the group consisting of: 18. The compound of claim 1, which is selected from the group consisting of: 19. The compound of claim 18, wherein R″′ is selected from the group consisting of —OH, —NH2, —NHCH3, —N(CH3)2, —NHCH2CH2F, —N(Me)CH2CH2F, —NHCH2CHF2, —N(Me)CH2CHF2, —NHCH2CF3, —N(Me)CH2CF3, —NHCH2CH2CF3, —N(Me)CH2CH2CF3, —NHCH2CH2C(═O)NMe2, —N(Me)CH2CH2C(═O)NMe2, —NHCH2CH2C(═O)NH2, —N(Me)CH2CH2C(═O)NH2, —NHCH2CH2C(═O)NHMe, —N(Me)CH2CH2C(═O)NHMe2, and 20. The compound of claim 1, which is selected from the group consisting of:
Example 1: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(piperazine-1-carbonyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 2: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminopiperidine-1-carbonyl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea); Example 3: 8-amino-3-methyl-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-1-[4-({[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)naphthalen-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-5-carboxamide; Example 4: 3-(4-{8-amino-5-[(3R)-3-aminopiperidine-1-carbonyl]-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 5: 3-(4-{8-amino-5-[(3S)-3-aminopiperidine-1-carbonyl]-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea); Example 6: 8-amino-3-methyl-N-[(3R)-piperidin-3-yl]-1-[4-({[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)naphthalen-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-5-carboxamide; Example 7: 8-amino-3-methyl-N-(piperidin-3-yl)-1-[4-({[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)naphthalen-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-5-carboxamide; Example 8: 8-amino-3-methyl-N-[(3S)-1-methylpiperidin-3-yl]-1-[4-({[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)naphthalen-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-5-carboxamide; Example 9: 8-amino-3-methyl-N-[(3R)-1-methylpiperidin-3-yl]-1-[4-({[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)naphthalen-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-5-carboxamide; Example 10: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 11: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(piperidin-4-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 12: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 13: 3-(4-{8-amino-5-[(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)methyl]-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 14: 3-[4-(8-amino-3-methyl-5-{[(piperidin-4-yl)amino]methyl}imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 15: 3-[4-(8-amino-5-{[(3R)-3-aminopiperidin-1-yl]methyl}-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 16: 3-[4-(8-amino-5-{[(3S)-3-aminopiperidin-1-yl]methyl}-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 17: 3-[4-(8-amino-3-methyl-5-{[(piperidin-3-yl)amino]methyl}imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 18: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-({[(3S)-piperidin-3-yl]amino}methyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 19: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 20: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-ethyl-5-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 21: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 22: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-ethyl-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 23: 3-[4-(8-amino-3-methyl-5-{[4-(methylamino)piperidin-1-yl]methyl}imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 24: 3-[4-(8-amino-3-methyl-5-{[(3R)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 25: 3-[4-(8-amino-3-methyl-5-{[(3S)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 26: 3-[4-(8-amino-5-{[(3R,5S)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 27: 3-[4-(8-amino-3-ethyl-5-{[(3R)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 28: 3-[4-(8-amino-3-ethyl-5-{[(3S)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 29: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(1,4-diazepan-1-ylmethyl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 30: 3-[4-(8-amino-5-{2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ylmethyl}-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 31: 3-[4-(8-amino-3-methyl-5-{octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-ylmethyl}imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 32: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 33: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-(3-methylphenyl)urea; Example 34: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]-3-fluorophenyl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 35: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-ethyl-5-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]-3-fluorophenyl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 36: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 37: 3-isopropyl-1-(4-((7-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-5-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 38: 2-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide; Example 39: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 40: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(piperidin-3-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 41: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 42: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]-3-fluorophenyl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 43: 3-{4-[5-(1-acetyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl)-8-amino-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 44: 3-{4-[5-(1-acetylpiperidin-3-yl)-8-amino-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 45: 3-{4-[5-(1-acetyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-8-amino-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]-3-fluorophenyl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 46: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 47: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 48: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(pyridin-3-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 49: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[1-(prop-2-enoyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 50: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminophenyl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 51: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 52: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(1,5-dimethyl-H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 53: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(1,3-dimethyl-H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 54: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 55: 3-{4-[8-amino-3-methyl-5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-5-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 56: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(2-aminopyridin-4-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 57: 2-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide; Example 58: 2-(4-{8-amino-3-ethyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide; Example 59: 2-(4-{8-amino-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide; Example 60: 2-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide; Example 61: 2-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}-3-fluorophenyl)-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide; Example 62: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-phenylacetamide; Example 63: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-N-(3-fluorophenyl)acetamide; Example 64: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(3-fluorophenyl)acetamide; Example 65: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(3-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)acetamide; Example 66: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-N-phenylacetamide; Example 67: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(3-cyano-5-fluorophenyl)acetamide; Example 68: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(pyridin-2-yl)acetamide; Example 69: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(5-methoxypyridin-3-yl)acetamide; Example 70: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(3-cyanophenyl)acetamide; Example 71: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide; Example 72: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(pyridin-3-yl)acetamide; Example 73: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(pyrazin-2-yl)acetamide; Example 74: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(thiazol-5-yl)acetamide; Example 75: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)acetamide; Example 76: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)acetamide; Example 77: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)acetamide; Example 78: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide; Example 79: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(pyrimidin-5-yl)acetamide; Example 80: 2-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)acetamide; Example 81: 2-(5-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-(3-fluorophenyl)acetamide; Example 82: 2-(5-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-N-phenylacetamide; Example 83: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 84: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 85: 1-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-ethylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea; Example 86: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 87: 1-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-phenylurea; Example 88: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 89: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)urea; Example 90: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 91: 1-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-benzylurea; Example 92: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]urea; Example 93: 1-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(2-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea; Example 94: 1-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)urea; Example 95: 1-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)urea; Example 96: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-(5-chloro-2-methylphenyl)urea; Example 97: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 98: 1-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(m-tolyl)urea; Example 99: 1-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)urea; Example 100: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 101: N-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-1-[4-({[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)naphthalen-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-5-yl}cyclohex-3-en-1-yl)acetamide; Example 102: 1-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-{4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}urea; Example 103: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]naphthalen-1-yl}-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)urea; Example 104: 3-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]-3-fluorophenyl}-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)urea; Example 105: 1-{4-[8-amino-5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]-3-fluorophenyl}-3-{4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}urea; Example 106: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-ethyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 107: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea; Example 108: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-ethyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}-3-fluorophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 109: 3-(4-{8-amino-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}-3-fluorophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 110: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}-3-fluorophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 111: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}-3-methylphenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 112: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}-2-methylphenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 113: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}-5-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 114: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}-5-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea; Example 115: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(3-methylphenyl)urea; Example 116: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-methyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 117: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-ethyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 118: 3-(4-{8-amino-3-ethyl-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(3-methylphenyl)urea; Example 119: 3-(4-{8-amino-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(3-methylphenyl)urea; Example 120: 3-(4-{8-amino-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 121: 1-(4-(8-Amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-phenylurea; Example 122: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)urea; Example 123: 1-(5-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 124: 1-(5-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea; Example 125: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)urea; Example 126: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-ethyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 127: 1-(5-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-phenylurea; Example 128: 1-(5-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)urea; Example 129: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 130: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-phenylurea; Example 131: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)urea; Example 132: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 133: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-3-phenylurea; Example 134: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 135: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)phenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)urea; Example 136: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(3-cyano-5-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 137: 1-(5-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)isoquinolin-8-yl)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 138: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)urea; Example 139: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-benzylurea; Example 140: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)urea; Example 141: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)urea; Example 142: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(3-cyanophenyl)urea; Example 143: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)urea; Example 144: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(pyridin-4-yl)urea; Example 145: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 146: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(3-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)urea; Example 147: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-methyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)urea; Example 148: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(5-methoxypyridin-3-yl)urea; Example 149: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)urea; Example 150: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(thiophen-3-yl)urea; Example 151: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)urea; Example 152: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)urea; Example 153: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-methylphenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)urea; Example 154: 1-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-chlorophenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)urea; Example 155: 1-(4-(3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-phenylurea; Example 156: 3-Isopropyl-1-(4-((7-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 157: 1-(4-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-methyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 158: 1-(4-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)-2-fluorophenyl)-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 159: 1-(4-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 160: 1-(5-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 161: 1-(4-((4,6-difluoro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 162: 1-(4-((4,6-dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 163: 3-isopropyl-1-(4-((5-methoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 164: 2-((4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carbonitrile; Example 165: 1-(4-((7-fluoro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 166: 1-(4-((1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 167: 1-(4-((7-chloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 168: 3-Isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-1-(4-((5-phenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 169: N-(4-(8-Amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 170: N-(4-(8-amino-3-methyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 171: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)benzenesulfonamide; Example 172: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-fluorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 173: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(2-chorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 174: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 175: N-(5-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 176: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-fluorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 177: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonamide; Example 178: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonamide; Example 179: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 180: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 181: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 182: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 183: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-1-phenylmethanesulfonamide; Example 184: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-2,5-difluorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 185: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-2-fluoro-5-methylbenzenesulfonamide; Example 186: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-2-chloro-5-fluorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 187: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(2-fluorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 188: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(2,5-difluorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 189: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-1-(2-fluorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 190: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-1-(2,5-difluorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 191: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 192: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide; Example 193: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide; Example 194: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide; Example 195: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-2,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 196: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2,5-difluorophenyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 197: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2,3-difluorophenyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 198: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-yl)methanesulfonamide; Example 199: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(pyridin-3-yl)methanesulfonamide; Example 200: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 201: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-3-fluorophenyl)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 202: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 203: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)naphthalen-1-yl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide; Example 204: 1-[(8-amino-1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-5-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-amine; Example 205: (3S)-1-[(8-amino-1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-5-yl)methyl]piperidin-3-amine; Example 206: 1-{4-[(1-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 207: 4-(8-amino-1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-5-yl)cyclohex-3-en-1-ol; Example 208: 5-[4-(dimethylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-1-{4-[(1-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 209: 5-{4-[(2,2-difluoroethyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohex-1-en-1-yl}-1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 210: 5-(4-aminocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 211: 5-{4-[methyl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino]cyclohex-1-en-1-yl}-1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 212: 5-{4-[(2,2-difluoroethyl)amino]cyclohex-1-en-1-yl}-1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 213: 5-{4-[(2-fluoroethyl)amino]cyclohex-1-en-1-yl}-1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 214: 1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)-5-{4-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino]cyclohex-1-en-1-yl}imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 215: 5-{4-[(2-fluoroethyl)(methyl)amino]cyclohex-1-en-1-yl}-1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 216: 5-{4-[methyl(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)amino]cyclohex-1-en-1-yl}-1-{4-[(4-methyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)methyl]naphthalen-1-yl}-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-amine; Example 217: 3-((4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-1-(4-((7-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-5-yl)cyclohex-3-en-1-yl)amino)-N,N-dimethylpropanamide; Example 218: N-(4-{8-amino-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}-2-fluorophenyl)-2-fluoro-5-methylbenzene-1-sulfonamide; Example 219: N-(4-{8-amino-5-[4-(methylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3-(propan-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl}naphthalen-1-yl)-2-chloro-5-methylbenzene-1-sulfonamide; Example 220: N-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-((2-fluoroethyl)amino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-isopropylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl) methanesulfonamide; Example 221: 1-(4-((1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-8-chloro-3-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine; Example 222: 1-(4-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-8-chloro-3-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine; Example 223: N-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-((2-fluoroethyl)amino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-isopropylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 224: N-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-hydroxycyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-isopropylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 225: N-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-hydroxycyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-isopropylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 226: N-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-((2,2-difluoroethyl)amino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-isopropylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 227: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(oxetan-3-ylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)methanesulfonamide; Example 228: N-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-((2-fluoroethyl)amino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-isopropylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2,5-difluorophenyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 229: N-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-((2-fluoroethyl)amino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-isopropylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2-fluorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 230: N-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-((2-fluoroethyl)(methyl)amino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-isopropylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 231: N-(4-(8-amino-5-(4-((2-fluoroethyl)amino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-3-methylimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; Example 232: N-(4-(8-amino-3-isopropyl-5-(4-(oxetan-3-ylamino)cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide; or a salt, solvate, enantiomer, diastereoisomer, isotopologue or tautomer thereof. 21. A pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of claim 1 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 22. A method of treating a RE1α-related disease in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, enantiomer, diastereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, of claim 1. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of a neurodegenerative disease, a demyelinating disease, cancer, an eye disease, a fibrotic disease, and diabetes. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein at least one applies:
(a) the neurodegenerative disease is selected from the group consisting of retinitis pigmentosa, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, retinal degeneration, macular degeneration, Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, Huntington's Disease, Prion Disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, and Kuru, (b) the demyelinating disease is selected from the group consisting of Wolfram Syndrome, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease, Transverse Myelitis, Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, and Multiple Sclerosis; (c) the cancer is multiple myeloma; (d) the diabetes is selected from the group consisting of type I diabetes and type II diabetes; (e) the eye disease is selected from the group consisting of retinitis pigmentosa, retinal degeneration, macular degeneration, and Wolfram Syndrom; (f) the fibrotic disease is selected from the group consisting of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, cirrhosis, acetominophen (Tylenol) liver toxicity, hepatitis C liver disease, hepatosteatosis (fatty liver disease), or hepatic fibrosis. 25-29. (canceled) 30. A method of inhibiting the activity of an IRE1 protein, the method comprising contacting the IRE1 protein with an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, of claim 1. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the activity is selected from the group consisting of kinase activity, oligomerization activity, and RNase activity. 32. The method of claim 30, wherein the IRE1 protein is within a cell. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein at least one applies:
(a) apoptosis of the cell is prevented or minimized, (b) the cell is in an organism that has an IRE1α-related disease or disorder selected from a neurodegenerative disease, demyelinating disease, cancer, eye disease, fibrotic disease, and diabetes. 34-36. (canceled) | 1,600 |
340,728 | 16,642,149 | 1,624 | An object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing ambrein, which can easily and efficiently obtain the ambrein. | 1. A mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase wherein
(1) a 4th amino acid residue of a DXDD motif, aspartic acid, is substituted with an amino acid other than aspartic acid, and
(2) an amino acid adjacent to the N-terminus of an (A/S/G)RX(H/N)XXP motif is substituted with an amino acid other than tyrosine, or a 4th amino acid of the GXGX(G/A/P) motif is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine,
(a) having a QXXXGX(W/F) motif at a position separated by 100 amino acid residues or more on the N-terminal side, an (A/S/G)RX(H/N)XXP motif at a position separated by 180 to 250 amino acid residues on the N-terminal side, a QXXXX(G/A/S)X(F/W/Y) motif at a position separated by 10 to 50 amino acids residues on the N-terminal side, a QXXXGX(F/W/Y) motif at a position separated by 20 to 50 amino acid residues on the C-terminal side, a QXXXGXW motif at a position separated by 50 to 120 amino acid residues on the C-terminal side, a QXXXGX(F/W) motif at a position separated by 120 to 170 amino acid residues on the C-terminal side, and a GXGX(G/A/P) motif at a position separated by 180 to 250 amino acid residues on the C-terminal side, with respect to the DXDD motif,
(b) having 40% or more identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and
(c) exhibiting ambrein production activity using squalene as a substrate. 2. The mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase according to claim 1, not having a QXXXGXW motif at a position separated by 170 amino acid residues or more on the C-terminal side, with respect to the DXDD motif. 3. The mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase according to claim 1, wherein a polypeptide constituting the mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase is
(1) a polypeptide wherein aspartic acid at position 373 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than aspartic acid; and tyrosine at position 167 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than tyrosine, or leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine,
(2) a polypeptide wherein one or plural amino acids are deleted, substituted, inserted and/or added in the amino acid sequence in which aspartic acid at position 373 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than aspartic acid; and tyrosine at position 167 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than tyrosine, or leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine, and exhibiting ambrein production activity using squalene as a substrate,
(3) a polypeptide having 40% or more identity with the amino acid sequence in which aspartic acid at position 373 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than aspartic acid; and tyrosine at position 167 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than tyrosine, or leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine, and exhibiting ambrein production activity using squalene as a substrate,
(4) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence in which aspartic acid at position 373 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than aspartic acid; and tyrosine at position 167 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than tyrosine, or leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine, and exhibiting ambrein production activity using squalene as a substrate,
(5) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence wherein one or plural amino acids are deleted, substituted, inserted and/or added in the amino acid sequence in which aspartic acid at position 373 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than aspartic acid; and tyrosine at position 167 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than tyrosine, or leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine, and exhibiting ambrein production activity using squalene as a substrate, or
(6) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having 40% or more identity with the amino acids sequence in which aspartic acid at position 373 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than aspartic acid; and tyrosine at position 167 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than tyrosine, or leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine, and exhibiting ambrein production activity using squalene as a substrate. 4. The mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase according to claim 1, wherein the 4th amino acid residue of a DXDD motif is substituted with cysteine or glycine from aspartic acid, and the amino acid adjacent to the N-terminus of an (A/S/G)RX(H/N)XXP motif is substituted with alanine or glycine from tyrosine, or the 4th amino acid of the GXGX(G/A/P) motif is substituted with alanine or phenylalanine from leucine. 5. A mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase having DXDD motif wherein a 4th amino acid of the GXGX(G/A/P) motif is an amino acid other than leucine, glycine or proline,
(a) having a QXXXGX(W/F) motif at a position separated by 100 amino acid residues or more on the N-terminal side, a QXXXX(G/A/S)X(F/W/Y) motif at a position separated by 10 to 50 amino acids residues on the N-terminal side, a QXXXGX(F/W/Y) motif at a position separated by 20 to 50 amino acid residues on the C-terminal side, a QXXXGXW motif at a position separated by 50 to 120 amino acid residues on the C-terminal side, a QXXXGX(F/W) motif at a position separated by 120 to 170 amino acid residues on the C-terminal side, and a GXGX(G/A/P) motif at a position separated by 180 to 250 amino acid residues on the C-terminal side, with respect to the DXDD motif,
(b) having 40% or more identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and
(c) exhibiting ambrein production activity using 3-deoxyachilleol A as a substrate. 6. The mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase according to claim 5, not having a QXXXGXW motif at a position separated by 170 amino acid residues or more on the C-terminal side, with respect to the DXDD motif. 7. The mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase according to claim 5, wherein a polypeptide constituting the mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase is
(1) a polypeptide wherein leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine,
(2) a polypeptide wherein one or plural amino acids are deleted, substituted, inserted and/or added in the amino acid sequence in which leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine, and exhibiting ambrein production activity using 3-deoxyachilleol A as a substrate,
(3) a polypeptide having 40% or more identity with the amino acid sequence in which leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine, and exhibiting ambrein production activity using 3-deoxyachilleol A as a substrate,
(4) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence in which leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine, and exhibiting ambrein production activity using 3-deoxyachilleol A as a substrate,
(5) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence wherein one or plural amino acids are deleted, substituted, inserted and/or added in the amino acid sequence in which leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine, and exhibiting ambrein production activity using 3-deoxyachilleol A as a substrate, or
(6) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having 40% or more identity with the amino acid sequence in which leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine, and exhibiting ambrein production activity using 3-deoxyachilleol A as a substrate. 8. The mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase according to claim 5, wherein the 4th amino acid of the GXGX(G/A/P) motif is alanine or phenylalanine. 9. A polynucleotide encoding the mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase according to claim 1. 10. A microorganism having the polynucleotide according to claim 9. 11. A vector comprising a DNA having the polynucleotide according to claim 9. 12. A transformant having the vector according to claim 11. 13. A method for preparing ambrein characterized by bringing into contact the mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase according to claim 1 with squalene, to obtain ambrein. 14. A method for preparing ambrein characterized by bringing into contact the mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase according to claim 5 with 3-deoxyachilleol A, to obtain ambrein. 15. A method for preparing ambrein characterized by culturing the microorganism according claim 10. | An object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing ambrein, which can easily and efficiently obtain the ambrein.1. A mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase wherein
(1) a 4th amino acid residue of a DXDD motif, aspartic acid, is substituted with an amino acid other than aspartic acid, and
(2) an amino acid adjacent to the N-terminus of an (A/S/G)RX(H/N)XXP motif is substituted with an amino acid other than tyrosine, or a 4th amino acid of the GXGX(G/A/P) motif is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine,
(a) having a QXXXGX(W/F) motif at a position separated by 100 amino acid residues or more on the N-terminal side, an (A/S/G)RX(H/N)XXP motif at a position separated by 180 to 250 amino acid residues on the N-terminal side, a QXXXX(G/A/S)X(F/W/Y) motif at a position separated by 10 to 50 amino acids residues on the N-terminal side, a QXXXGX(F/W/Y) motif at a position separated by 20 to 50 amino acid residues on the C-terminal side, a QXXXGXW motif at a position separated by 50 to 120 amino acid residues on the C-terminal side, a QXXXGX(F/W) motif at a position separated by 120 to 170 amino acid residues on the C-terminal side, and a GXGX(G/A/P) motif at a position separated by 180 to 250 amino acid residues on the C-terminal side, with respect to the DXDD motif,
(b) having 40% or more identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and
(c) exhibiting ambrein production activity using squalene as a substrate. 2. The mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase according to claim 1, not having a QXXXGXW motif at a position separated by 170 amino acid residues or more on the C-terminal side, with respect to the DXDD motif. 3. The mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase according to claim 1, wherein a polypeptide constituting the mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase is
(1) a polypeptide wherein aspartic acid at position 373 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than aspartic acid; and tyrosine at position 167 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than tyrosine, or leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine,
(2) a polypeptide wherein one or plural amino acids are deleted, substituted, inserted and/or added in the amino acid sequence in which aspartic acid at position 373 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than aspartic acid; and tyrosine at position 167 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than tyrosine, or leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine, and exhibiting ambrein production activity using squalene as a substrate,
(3) a polypeptide having 40% or more identity with the amino acid sequence in which aspartic acid at position 373 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than aspartic acid; and tyrosine at position 167 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than tyrosine, or leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine, and exhibiting ambrein production activity using squalene as a substrate,
(4) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence in which aspartic acid at position 373 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than aspartic acid; and tyrosine at position 167 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than tyrosine, or leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine, and exhibiting ambrein production activity using squalene as a substrate,
(5) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence wherein one or plural amino acids are deleted, substituted, inserted and/or added in the amino acid sequence in which aspartic acid at position 373 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than aspartic acid; and tyrosine at position 167 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than tyrosine, or leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine, and exhibiting ambrein production activity using squalene as a substrate, or
(6) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having 40% or more identity with the amino acids sequence in which aspartic acid at position 373 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than aspartic acid; and tyrosine at position 167 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than tyrosine, or leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine, and exhibiting ambrein production activity using squalene as a substrate. 4. The mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase according to claim 1, wherein the 4th amino acid residue of a DXDD motif is substituted with cysteine or glycine from aspartic acid, and the amino acid adjacent to the N-terminus of an (A/S/G)RX(H/N)XXP motif is substituted with alanine or glycine from tyrosine, or the 4th amino acid of the GXGX(G/A/P) motif is substituted with alanine or phenylalanine from leucine. 5. A mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase having DXDD motif wherein a 4th amino acid of the GXGX(G/A/P) motif is an amino acid other than leucine, glycine or proline,
(a) having a QXXXGX(W/F) motif at a position separated by 100 amino acid residues or more on the N-terminal side, a QXXXX(G/A/S)X(F/W/Y) motif at a position separated by 10 to 50 amino acids residues on the N-terminal side, a QXXXGX(F/W/Y) motif at a position separated by 20 to 50 amino acid residues on the C-terminal side, a QXXXGXW motif at a position separated by 50 to 120 amino acid residues on the C-terminal side, a QXXXGX(F/W) motif at a position separated by 120 to 170 amino acid residues on the C-terminal side, and a GXGX(G/A/P) motif at a position separated by 180 to 250 amino acid residues on the C-terminal side, with respect to the DXDD motif,
(b) having 40% or more identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and
(c) exhibiting ambrein production activity using 3-deoxyachilleol A as a substrate. 6. The mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase according to claim 5, not having a QXXXGXW motif at a position separated by 170 amino acid residues or more on the C-terminal side, with respect to the DXDD motif. 7. The mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase according to claim 5, wherein a polypeptide constituting the mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase is
(1) a polypeptide wherein leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine,
(2) a polypeptide wherein one or plural amino acids are deleted, substituted, inserted and/or added in the amino acid sequence in which leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine, and exhibiting ambrein production activity using 3-deoxyachilleol A as a substrate,
(3) a polypeptide having 40% or more identity with the amino acid sequence in which leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine, and exhibiting ambrein production activity using 3-deoxyachilleol A as a substrate,
(4) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence in which leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine, and exhibiting ambrein production activity using 3-deoxyachilleol A as a substrate,
(5) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence wherein one or plural amino acids are deleted, substituted, inserted and/or added in the amino acid sequence in which leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine, and exhibiting ambrein production activity using 3-deoxyachilleol A as a substrate, or
(6) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having 40% or more identity with the amino acid sequence in which leucine at position 596 from the N-terminal in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is substituted with an amino acid other than leucine, and exhibiting ambrein production activity using 3-deoxyachilleol A as a substrate. 8. The mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase according to claim 5, wherein the 4th amino acid of the GXGX(G/A/P) motif is alanine or phenylalanine. 9. A polynucleotide encoding the mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase according to claim 1. 10. A microorganism having the polynucleotide according to claim 9. 11. A vector comprising a DNA having the polynucleotide according to claim 9. 12. A transformant having the vector according to claim 11. 13. A method for preparing ambrein characterized by bringing into contact the mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase according to claim 1 with squalene, to obtain ambrein. 14. A method for preparing ambrein characterized by bringing into contact the mutated tetraprenyl-β-curcumene cyclase according to claim 5 with 3-deoxyachilleol A, to obtain ambrein. 15. A method for preparing ambrein characterized by culturing the microorganism according claim 10. | 1,600 |
340,729 | 16,642,206 | 1,624 | Methods and apparatuses for conveying particulate material are described. A particulate material conveying apparatus may comprise a slide duct having a slide duct axis. The slide duct may comprise an interior region, and the interior region may have a top third interior region, a middle third interior region, and a bottom third interior region. The top third interior region is disposed above the middle third interior region and the middle third interior region is disposed above the bottom third interior region. The duct further defines an opening. An air movement mechanism may be connected to the duct an configured to move air through the opening into the slide duct in a direction of the slide duct axis such that a greater amount of air exits through the bottom third interior region than either of the top third interior region or the middle third interior region. | 1. A particulate material conveying apparatus comprising:
a slide duct extending between a proximal end and a distal end and having a slide duct axis extending in both a vertical direction and a horizontal direction, the slide duct comprising:
an interior region bounded at least in part by a slide duct wall, the interior region having a top third interior region extending along the slide duct axis, a middle third interior region extending along the slide duct axis, and a bottom third interior region extending along the slide duct axis, each interior region extending between the proximal end and the distal end of the slide duct, wherein the top third interior region is disposed above the middle third interior region in the vertical direction and wherein the middle third interior region is disposed above the bottom third interior region in the vertical direction, and
an opening defined by the slide duct wall; and
an air movement mechanism configured to move air through the opening and into the interior region of the slide duct in a direction of the slide duct axis such that of the air exiting the slide duct distal end a greater amount of air exits through the bottom third interior region than either of the top third interior region or the middle third interior region. 2. The particulate material conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein a majority of the air exiting the slide duct distal end exits through the bottom third interior region. 3. The particulate material conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the proximal end of the slide duct defines the opening. 4. The particulate material conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the opening comprises an aperture in the slide duct wall. 5. The particulate material conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the air movement mechanism is an air-knife. 6. The particulate material conveying apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a particulate material outlet through which particulate material enters the interior region of the slide duct, and wherein the particulate material outlet is disposed closer to the distal end of the slide duct than the opening. 7. The material conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the air movement mechanism is configured to supply air to the opening at a pressure of between about 1 pounds per square inch (psi) and about 25 psi. 8. The material conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the air movement mechanism is configured to supply air to the opening at a pressure of between about 1 pounds per square inch (psi) and about 15 psi. 9. The material conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the air movement mechanism is configured to supply air to the opening at a pressure of between about 1 pounds per square inch (psi) and about 5 psi. 10. A particulate material conveying apparatus comprising:
a slide duct extending between a proximal end and a distal end and having a slide duct axis extending in both a vertical direction and a horizontal direction, the slide duct comprising an interior region bounded at least in part by a slide duct wall, the slide duct wall defining an opening; and an air movement mechanism configured to move air through the opening and into the interior region of the slide duct, wherein the air enters the interior region of the slide duct at an angle of between about 0 degrees and about 30 degrees with respect to the slide duct axis, wherein the air movement mechanism is configured to supply air to the opening at a pressure of between about 1 pounds per square inch (psi) and about 20 psi. 11. The particulate material conveying apparatus of claim 10, wherein the air movement mechanism comprises a nozzle, and wherein the nozzle is disposed proximate the opening and orientated at an angle of between about 0 degrees and about 10 degrees with respect to the slide duct axis. 12. The particulate material conveying apparatus of claim 10, wherein the air movement mechanism is an air-knife. 13. The particulate material conveying apparatus of claim 10, wherein the air movement mechanism is an air blower. 14. The particulate material conveying apparatus of claim 10, wherein at least a portion of the interior region of the slide duct is under negative pressure. 15. The material conveying apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a material outlet through which material enters the interior region of the slide duct, and wherein the material outlet is disposed closer to the distal end of the slide duct than the opening. 16. The material conveying apparatus of claim 10, wherein the air movement mechanism is configured to supply air to the opening at a pressure of between about 1 psi to about 25 psi. 17. The material conveying apparatus of claim 10, wherein the air movement mechanism is configured to supply air to the opening at a pressure of between about 1 psi to about 15 psi. 18. A particulate material conveying system comprising:
a hopper connected to a conduit, the conduit extending between a proximal end connected to the hopper and a distal end; a slide duct extending between a proximal end and a distal end and having a slide duct axis, the slide duct comprising an interior region bounded at least in part by a slide duct wall, the slide duct wall defining an opening; an air movement mechanism configured to move air through the opening and into the interior region of the slide duct; and a vacuum source connected to the slide duct distal end, wherein the air movement mechanism is configured to move the air into the interior region of the slide duct at an angle of between about 0 degrees and about 30 degrees with respect to the slide duct axis, wherein the air movement mechanism is configured to supply the air to the opening at a pressure of between about 1 pounds per square inch (psi) and about 25 psi, wherein the outlet is disposed between the slide duct proximal end and the slide duct distal end. 19. The particulate material conveying system of claim 18, wherein the outlet distal end is disposed closer to the slide duct distal end than the opening. 20. The particulate material conveying system of claim 18, wherein the air movement mechanism is an air knife. | Methods and apparatuses for conveying particulate material are described. A particulate material conveying apparatus may comprise a slide duct having a slide duct axis. The slide duct may comprise an interior region, and the interior region may have a top third interior region, a middle third interior region, and a bottom third interior region. The top third interior region is disposed above the middle third interior region and the middle third interior region is disposed above the bottom third interior region. The duct further defines an opening. An air movement mechanism may be connected to the duct an configured to move air through the opening into the slide duct in a direction of the slide duct axis such that a greater amount of air exits through the bottom third interior region than either of the top third interior region or the middle third interior region.1. A particulate material conveying apparatus comprising:
a slide duct extending between a proximal end and a distal end and having a slide duct axis extending in both a vertical direction and a horizontal direction, the slide duct comprising:
an interior region bounded at least in part by a slide duct wall, the interior region having a top third interior region extending along the slide duct axis, a middle third interior region extending along the slide duct axis, and a bottom third interior region extending along the slide duct axis, each interior region extending between the proximal end and the distal end of the slide duct, wherein the top third interior region is disposed above the middle third interior region in the vertical direction and wherein the middle third interior region is disposed above the bottom third interior region in the vertical direction, and
an opening defined by the slide duct wall; and
an air movement mechanism configured to move air through the opening and into the interior region of the slide duct in a direction of the slide duct axis such that of the air exiting the slide duct distal end a greater amount of air exits through the bottom third interior region than either of the top third interior region or the middle third interior region. 2. The particulate material conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein a majority of the air exiting the slide duct distal end exits through the bottom third interior region. 3. The particulate material conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the proximal end of the slide duct defines the opening. 4. The particulate material conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the opening comprises an aperture in the slide duct wall. 5. The particulate material conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the air movement mechanism is an air-knife. 6. The particulate material conveying apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a particulate material outlet through which particulate material enters the interior region of the slide duct, and wherein the particulate material outlet is disposed closer to the distal end of the slide duct than the opening. 7. The material conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the air movement mechanism is configured to supply air to the opening at a pressure of between about 1 pounds per square inch (psi) and about 25 psi. 8. The material conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the air movement mechanism is configured to supply air to the opening at a pressure of between about 1 pounds per square inch (psi) and about 15 psi. 9. The material conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the air movement mechanism is configured to supply air to the opening at a pressure of between about 1 pounds per square inch (psi) and about 5 psi. 10. A particulate material conveying apparatus comprising:
a slide duct extending between a proximal end and a distal end and having a slide duct axis extending in both a vertical direction and a horizontal direction, the slide duct comprising an interior region bounded at least in part by a slide duct wall, the slide duct wall defining an opening; and an air movement mechanism configured to move air through the opening and into the interior region of the slide duct, wherein the air enters the interior region of the slide duct at an angle of between about 0 degrees and about 30 degrees with respect to the slide duct axis, wherein the air movement mechanism is configured to supply air to the opening at a pressure of between about 1 pounds per square inch (psi) and about 20 psi. 11. The particulate material conveying apparatus of claim 10, wherein the air movement mechanism comprises a nozzle, and wherein the nozzle is disposed proximate the opening and orientated at an angle of between about 0 degrees and about 10 degrees with respect to the slide duct axis. 12. The particulate material conveying apparatus of claim 10, wherein the air movement mechanism is an air-knife. 13. The particulate material conveying apparatus of claim 10, wherein the air movement mechanism is an air blower. 14. The particulate material conveying apparatus of claim 10, wherein at least a portion of the interior region of the slide duct is under negative pressure. 15. The material conveying apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a material outlet through which material enters the interior region of the slide duct, and wherein the material outlet is disposed closer to the distal end of the slide duct than the opening. 16. The material conveying apparatus of claim 10, wherein the air movement mechanism is configured to supply air to the opening at a pressure of between about 1 psi to about 25 psi. 17. The material conveying apparatus of claim 10, wherein the air movement mechanism is configured to supply air to the opening at a pressure of between about 1 psi to about 15 psi. 18. A particulate material conveying system comprising:
a hopper connected to a conduit, the conduit extending between a proximal end connected to the hopper and a distal end; a slide duct extending between a proximal end and a distal end and having a slide duct axis, the slide duct comprising an interior region bounded at least in part by a slide duct wall, the slide duct wall defining an opening; an air movement mechanism configured to move air through the opening and into the interior region of the slide duct; and a vacuum source connected to the slide duct distal end, wherein the air movement mechanism is configured to move the air into the interior region of the slide duct at an angle of between about 0 degrees and about 30 degrees with respect to the slide duct axis, wherein the air movement mechanism is configured to supply the air to the opening at a pressure of between about 1 pounds per square inch (psi) and about 25 psi, wherein the outlet is disposed between the slide duct proximal end and the slide duct distal end. 19. The particulate material conveying system of claim 18, wherein the outlet distal end is disposed closer to the slide duct distal end than the opening. 20. The particulate material conveying system of claim 18, wherein the air movement mechanism is an air knife. | 1,600 |
340,730 | 16,642,194 | 1,624 | A method for evaluating a silicon wafer, including: a pre surface defect measuring step for performing a surface defect measurement on the silicon wafer in advance, a cleaning step of alternately repeating on the silicon wafer an oxidation treatment by ozone water and an oxide film removal treatment by hydrofluoric acid under a condition of not completely removing an oxide film formed on a surface of the silicon wafer, and an incremental defect measuring step of performing a surface defect measurement on the silicon wafer after the cleaning step and measuring incremental defects that increased relative to defects measured in the pre surface defect measuring step, wherein the cleaning step and the incremental defect measuring step are alternately performed repeatedly multiple times and the silicon wafer is evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each cleaning step. | 1.-6. (canceled) 7. A method for evaluating a silicon wafer, comprising:
a pre surface defect measuring step for performing a surface defect measurement on the silicon wafer in advance, a cleaning step of alternately repeating on the silicon wafer an oxidation treatment by ozone water and an oxide film removal treatment by hydrofluoric acid under a condition of not completely removing an oxide film formed on a surface of the silicon wafer, and an incremental defect measuring step of performing a surface defect measurement on the silicon wafer after the cleaning step and measuring incremental defects that increased relative to defects measured in the pre surface defect measuring step, wherein the cleaning step and the incremental defect measuring step are alternately performed repeatedly multiple times and the silicon wafer is evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each cleaning step. 8. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 7, wherein the oxide film removal treatment by hydrofluoric acid under the condition of not completely removing the oxide film is performed with a hydrofluoric acid concentration of 0.1 to 1.0% and a treatment time of 2 seconds to 20 seconds. 9. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 7, wherein the cleaning step is performed by repeating the oxidation treatment by ozone water and the oxide film removal treatment by hydrofluoric acid alternately 5 times or more. 10. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 8, wherein the cleaning step is performed by repeating the oxidation treatment by ozone water and the oxide film removal treatment by hydrofluoric acid alternately 5 times or more. 11. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 7, wherein as the silicon wafer, a mirror-polished wafer is used. 12. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 8, wherein as the silicon wafer, a mirror-polished wafer is used. 13. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 9, wherein as the silicon wafer, a mirror-polished wafer is used. 14. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 10, wherein as the silicon wafer, a mirror-polished wafer is used. 15. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 7, wherein defects of the silicon wafer due to processing are evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each of the cleaning steps. 16. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 8, wherein defects of the silicon wafer due to processing are evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each of the cleaning steps. 17. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 9, wherein defects of the silicon wafer due to processing are evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each of the cleaning steps. 18. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 10, wherein defects of the silicon wafer due to processing are evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each of the cleaning steps. 19. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 11, wherein defects of the silicon wafer due to processing are evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each of the cleaning steps. 20. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 12, wherein defects of the silicon wafer due to processing are evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each of the cleaning steps. 21. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 13, wherein defects of the silicon wafer due to processing are evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each of the cleaning steps. 22. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 14, wherein defects of the silicon wafer due to processing are evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each of the cleaning steps. 23. A method for manufacturing a silicon wafer that is to become a product by performing mirror-polishing on a silicon wafer before mirror-polishing, comprising:
a step of preparing an experimental silicon wafer before mirror-polishing, a step of performing mirror-polishing on the experimental silicon wafer before mirror-polishing under prescribed mirror-polishing conditions, a pre surface defect measuring step for performing a surface defect measurement on the experimental silicon wafer in advance, a cleaning step of alternately repeating on the experimental silicon wafer an oxidation treatment by ozone water and an oxide film removal treatment by hydrofluoric acid under a condition of not completely removing an oxide film formed on a surface of the experimental silicon wafer, and an incremental defect measuring step of performing a surface defect measurement on the experimental silicon wafer after the cleaning step and measuring incremental defects that increased relative to defects measured in the pre surface defect measuring step, wherein the cleaning step and the incremental defect measuring step are alternately performed repeatedly multiple times and the experimental silicon wafer is evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each cleaning step, on the basis of the evaluation of the experimental silicon wafer, mirror-polishing conditions of the mirror-polishing wherein polishing quality after performing mirror-polishing on the silicon wafer before mirror-polishing is a desired polishing quality are specified, and the silicon wafer that is to become a product is manufactured by performing mirror-polishing on the silicon wafer before mirror-polishing under the specified mirror-polishing conditions. | A method for evaluating a silicon wafer, including: a pre surface defect measuring step for performing a surface defect measurement on the silicon wafer in advance, a cleaning step of alternately repeating on the silicon wafer an oxidation treatment by ozone water and an oxide film removal treatment by hydrofluoric acid under a condition of not completely removing an oxide film formed on a surface of the silicon wafer, and an incremental defect measuring step of performing a surface defect measurement on the silicon wafer after the cleaning step and measuring incremental defects that increased relative to defects measured in the pre surface defect measuring step, wherein the cleaning step and the incremental defect measuring step are alternately performed repeatedly multiple times and the silicon wafer is evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each cleaning step.1.-6. (canceled) 7. A method for evaluating a silicon wafer, comprising:
a pre surface defect measuring step for performing a surface defect measurement on the silicon wafer in advance, a cleaning step of alternately repeating on the silicon wafer an oxidation treatment by ozone water and an oxide film removal treatment by hydrofluoric acid under a condition of not completely removing an oxide film formed on a surface of the silicon wafer, and an incremental defect measuring step of performing a surface defect measurement on the silicon wafer after the cleaning step and measuring incremental defects that increased relative to defects measured in the pre surface defect measuring step, wherein the cleaning step and the incremental defect measuring step are alternately performed repeatedly multiple times and the silicon wafer is evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each cleaning step. 8. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 7, wherein the oxide film removal treatment by hydrofluoric acid under the condition of not completely removing the oxide film is performed with a hydrofluoric acid concentration of 0.1 to 1.0% and a treatment time of 2 seconds to 20 seconds. 9. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 7, wherein the cleaning step is performed by repeating the oxidation treatment by ozone water and the oxide film removal treatment by hydrofluoric acid alternately 5 times or more. 10. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 8, wherein the cleaning step is performed by repeating the oxidation treatment by ozone water and the oxide film removal treatment by hydrofluoric acid alternately 5 times or more. 11. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 7, wherein as the silicon wafer, a mirror-polished wafer is used. 12. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 8, wherein as the silicon wafer, a mirror-polished wafer is used. 13. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 9, wherein as the silicon wafer, a mirror-polished wafer is used. 14. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 10, wherein as the silicon wafer, a mirror-polished wafer is used. 15. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 7, wherein defects of the silicon wafer due to processing are evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each of the cleaning steps. 16. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 8, wherein defects of the silicon wafer due to processing are evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each of the cleaning steps. 17. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 9, wherein defects of the silicon wafer due to processing are evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each of the cleaning steps. 18. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 10, wherein defects of the silicon wafer due to processing are evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each of the cleaning steps. 19. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 11, wherein defects of the silicon wafer due to processing are evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each of the cleaning steps. 20. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 12, wherein defects of the silicon wafer due to processing are evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each of the cleaning steps. 21. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 13, wherein defects of the silicon wafer due to processing are evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each of the cleaning steps. 22. The method for evaluating a silicon wafer according to claim 14, wherein defects of the silicon wafer due to processing are evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each of the cleaning steps. 23. A method for manufacturing a silicon wafer that is to become a product by performing mirror-polishing on a silicon wafer before mirror-polishing, comprising:
a step of preparing an experimental silicon wafer before mirror-polishing, a step of performing mirror-polishing on the experimental silicon wafer before mirror-polishing under prescribed mirror-polishing conditions, a pre surface defect measuring step for performing a surface defect measurement on the experimental silicon wafer in advance, a cleaning step of alternately repeating on the experimental silicon wafer an oxidation treatment by ozone water and an oxide film removal treatment by hydrofluoric acid under a condition of not completely removing an oxide film formed on a surface of the experimental silicon wafer, and an incremental defect measuring step of performing a surface defect measurement on the experimental silicon wafer after the cleaning step and measuring incremental defects that increased relative to defects measured in the pre surface defect measuring step, wherein the cleaning step and the incremental defect measuring step are alternately performed repeatedly multiple times and the experimental silicon wafer is evaluated based on a measurement result of the incremental defects after each cleaning step, on the basis of the evaluation of the experimental silicon wafer, mirror-polishing conditions of the mirror-polishing wherein polishing quality after performing mirror-polishing on the silicon wafer before mirror-polishing is a desired polishing quality are specified, and the silicon wafer that is to become a product is manufactured by performing mirror-polishing on the silicon wafer before mirror-polishing under the specified mirror-polishing conditions. | 1,600 |
340,731 | 16,642,192 | 1,624 | A photovoltaic module includes a first protective element, a second protective element, photovoltaic cells that are located between the first protective element and the second protective element, an envelope in which the photovoltaic cells are encapsulated. The envelope links the first protective element to the second protective element and includes a first portion that is located between the photovoltaic cells and the first protective element, and a second portion that is located between the photovoltaic cells and the second protective element. The disassembly method includes separating the photovoltaic cells with respect to the first protective element and cutting the first portion of the envelope by an abrasive wire. | 1. A method for disassembling a photovoltaic module comprising:
a first protective element, a second protective element, photovoltaic cells that are located between the first protective element and the second protective element, an envelope in which the photovoltaic cells are encapsulated, said envelope linking the first protective element to the second protective element and comprising:
a first portion that is located between the photovoltaic cells and the first protective element, and
a second portion that is located between the photovoltaic cells and the second protective element,
said disassembly method comprising a step of separating the photovoltaic cells with respect to the first protective element, the step of separating the photovoltaic cells with respect to the first protective element comprising a step of cutting the first portion of the envelope by means of an abrasive wire, characterized in that the step of cutting the first portion of the envelope by means of the abrasive w ire is carried out in dry conditions. 2. The disassembly method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a step of separating the photovoltaic cells with respect to the second protective element, comprising a step of cutting the second portion of the envelope. 3. The disassembly method according to claim 2, characterized in dial the step of ending the second portion of the envelope is implemented by said abrasive wire or by an additional abrasive wire. 4. The disassembly method according to claim 1, wherein
the first protective element comprises rims in contact with lateral edges of the first portion of the envelope, and the disassembly method comprises a step of removing the rims from the first protective element, the step of cutting the first portion of the envelope being implemented after the step of removing the rims. 5. The disassembly method according to claim 4, wherein the step of removing the rims comprises:
a step of forming a notch in the photovoltaic module from an outer face of the first protective element so as to delimit a frame comprising the rims, and a step of cutting into the lateral faces of the photovoltaic module up to the notch in order to detach the frame from the photovoltaic module. 6. The disassembly method according to claim 5, wherein the step of forming the notch and the step of cutting into the lateral laces of the photovoltaic module are carried out by a beam of energetic particles originating front a cutting head. 7. The disassembly method according to claim 6, wherein during the step of cutting into the lateral faces of the photovoltaic module, the cutting head is guided by using data from a guiding system comprising an optical vision system, or a material detector. 8. The disassembly method according to claim 5, wherein during the step of cutting into the lateral faces of the photovoltaic module, an action is exerted on the frame by a gripping member so as to move said frame away from the photovoltaic cells. 9. The disassembly method according to claim 1, wherein the of separating the photovoltaic cells with respect to the first protective element comprises a step of applying a force to the first protective element, said step of applying the force gradually moving said first protective element away from the photovoltaic cells, during the step of cutting said first portion of the envelope, as the abrasive wire progresses through the first portion of the envelope. 10. The disassembly method according to claim 1 comprising a step of cooling the photovoltaic module, wherein the step of cutting the first portion of the envelope by means of the abrasive wire is carried out daring the step of cooling the photovoltaic module. 11. The disassembly method according to claim 1, wherein one of the first and second protective elements is held fiat during the implementation of the step of culling i he first portion of the envelope. 12. The disassembly method according to claim 1, wherein the abrasive wire comprises a support wire to which abrasive particles are fixed. 13. The disassembly method according to claim 12, characterized in that the diameter of the support wire is between 40 μm and 200 μm, preferably between 100 μm and 180 μm, and/or in that the size of the abrasive particles is between 10 μm and 50 μm. 14. The disassembly method according to claim 12, characterized in that the support wire has a diameter of 180 μm and the abrasive particles, which are notably made from diamond, each have a size of between 30 μm and 40 μm. 15. An installation for disassembling a photovoltaic module, said photovoltaic module comprising a first protective element, a second protective element, photovoltaic cells that are located between the first protective element and the second protective element, an envelope in which the photovoltaic cells are encapsulated, said envelope linking the first protective element to the second protective element and comprising:
a first portion that is located between the photovoltaic cells and the first protective element, and a second portion that is located between the photovoltaic cells and the second protective element, said installation comprising a cutting station for cutting the photovoltaic module comprising a cutting tool provided with a wire, wherein the wire is an abrasive wire arranged so as to allow the first portion of the envelope to be cut in dry conditions in order to separate the photovoltaic cells with respect to the first protective element. 16. The installation according to claim 15, comprising a modification station for modifying the photovoltaic module before it enters the cutting station, said modification station comprising a cutting head capable of moving to allow the photovoltaic module lo be cut in order to remove rims from the first protective element in contact with lateral edges of the first portion of the envelope. | A photovoltaic module includes a first protective element, a second protective element, photovoltaic cells that are located between the first protective element and the second protective element, an envelope in which the photovoltaic cells are encapsulated. The envelope links the first protective element to the second protective element and includes a first portion that is located between the photovoltaic cells and the first protective element, and a second portion that is located between the photovoltaic cells and the second protective element. The disassembly method includes separating the photovoltaic cells with respect to the first protective element and cutting the first portion of the envelope by an abrasive wire.1. A method for disassembling a photovoltaic module comprising:
a first protective element, a second protective element, photovoltaic cells that are located between the first protective element and the second protective element, an envelope in which the photovoltaic cells are encapsulated, said envelope linking the first protective element to the second protective element and comprising:
a first portion that is located between the photovoltaic cells and the first protective element, and
a second portion that is located between the photovoltaic cells and the second protective element,
said disassembly method comprising a step of separating the photovoltaic cells with respect to the first protective element, the step of separating the photovoltaic cells with respect to the first protective element comprising a step of cutting the first portion of the envelope by means of an abrasive wire, characterized in that the step of cutting the first portion of the envelope by means of the abrasive w ire is carried out in dry conditions. 2. The disassembly method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a step of separating the photovoltaic cells with respect to the second protective element, comprising a step of cutting the second portion of the envelope. 3. The disassembly method according to claim 2, characterized in dial the step of ending the second portion of the envelope is implemented by said abrasive wire or by an additional abrasive wire. 4. The disassembly method according to claim 1, wherein
the first protective element comprises rims in contact with lateral edges of the first portion of the envelope, and the disassembly method comprises a step of removing the rims from the first protective element, the step of cutting the first portion of the envelope being implemented after the step of removing the rims. 5. The disassembly method according to claim 4, wherein the step of removing the rims comprises:
a step of forming a notch in the photovoltaic module from an outer face of the first protective element so as to delimit a frame comprising the rims, and a step of cutting into the lateral faces of the photovoltaic module up to the notch in order to detach the frame from the photovoltaic module. 6. The disassembly method according to claim 5, wherein the step of forming the notch and the step of cutting into the lateral laces of the photovoltaic module are carried out by a beam of energetic particles originating front a cutting head. 7. The disassembly method according to claim 6, wherein during the step of cutting into the lateral faces of the photovoltaic module, the cutting head is guided by using data from a guiding system comprising an optical vision system, or a material detector. 8. The disassembly method according to claim 5, wherein during the step of cutting into the lateral faces of the photovoltaic module, an action is exerted on the frame by a gripping member so as to move said frame away from the photovoltaic cells. 9. The disassembly method according to claim 1, wherein the of separating the photovoltaic cells with respect to the first protective element comprises a step of applying a force to the first protective element, said step of applying the force gradually moving said first protective element away from the photovoltaic cells, during the step of cutting said first portion of the envelope, as the abrasive wire progresses through the first portion of the envelope. 10. The disassembly method according to claim 1 comprising a step of cooling the photovoltaic module, wherein the step of cutting the first portion of the envelope by means of the abrasive wire is carried out daring the step of cooling the photovoltaic module. 11. The disassembly method according to claim 1, wherein one of the first and second protective elements is held fiat during the implementation of the step of culling i he first portion of the envelope. 12. The disassembly method according to claim 1, wherein the abrasive wire comprises a support wire to which abrasive particles are fixed. 13. The disassembly method according to claim 12, characterized in that the diameter of the support wire is between 40 μm and 200 μm, preferably between 100 μm and 180 μm, and/or in that the size of the abrasive particles is between 10 μm and 50 μm. 14. The disassembly method according to claim 12, characterized in that the support wire has a diameter of 180 μm and the abrasive particles, which are notably made from diamond, each have a size of between 30 μm and 40 μm. 15. An installation for disassembling a photovoltaic module, said photovoltaic module comprising a first protective element, a second protective element, photovoltaic cells that are located between the first protective element and the second protective element, an envelope in which the photovoltaic cells are encapsulated, said envelope linking the first protective element to the second protective element and comprising:
a first portion that is located between the photovoltaic cells and the first protective element, and a second portion that is located between the photovoltaic cells and the second protective element, said installation comprising a cutting station for cutting the photovoltaic module comprising a cutting tool provided with a wire, wherein the wire is an abrasive wire arranged so as to allow the first portion of the envelope to be cut in dry conditions in order to separate the photovoltaic cells with respect to the first protective element. 16. The installation according to claim 15, comprising a modification station for modifying the photovoltaic module before it enters the cutting station, said modification station comprising a cutting head capable of moving to allow the photovoltaic module lo be cut in order to remove rims from the first protective element in contact with lateral edges of the first portion of the envelope. | 1,600 |
340,732 | 16,642,189 | 1,624 | The present application provides a composition for improvement in physical activity efficiency, a composition for reducing fatigue, and a composition for improving dynamic/kinetic visual acuity, comprising a kaempferol analog. | 1. A composition for improvement in physical activity efficiency, comprising a kaempferol analog of Formula I: 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the improvement in physical activity efficiency is improvement in endurance. 3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the improvement in physical activity efficiency is reduction of breathlessness. 4. A composition for reducing fatigue, comprising a kaempferol analog of Formula I: 5. A composition for improving dynamic/kinetic visual acuity, comprising a kaempferol analog of Formula I: 6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the glycoside of kaempferol analog is represented by Formula I, wherein:
at least one selected from R1, R2, R4, and R6 is independently selected from —OR7, —OR7R8, and —OR7R8R9; R7 is a glucose residue; and R8 and R9 are independently selected from a glucose residue, a mannose residue, a galactose residue, a fucose residue, a rhamnose residue, an arabinose residue, a xylose residue, a fructose residue, a glucuronic acid residue, and an apiose residue. 7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the kaempferol analog or a glycoside thereof is selected from the group consisting of the following: 8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the kaempferol analog or a glycoside thereof is kaempferol or kaempferol 3-O-glucoside. 9. The composition according to claim 1, comprising 0.1 to 200 mg (kaempferol analog equivalent value) of the kaempferol analog or a glycoside thereof. 10. The composition according to claim 1, comprising 0.5 mg to 100 mg (kaempferol analog equivalent value) of the kaempferol analog or a glycoside thereof. 11. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition is for administration at a dose of 0.1 mg to 200 mg (kaempferol analog equivalent value) of the kaempferol analog or a glycoside thereof per administration. 12. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition is for administration at a dose of 0.5 mg to 100 mg (kaempferol analog equivalent value) of the kaempferol analog or a glycoside thereof per administration. 13. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition is for administration at a dose of 0.1 mg to 600 mg (kaempferol analog equivalent value) of the kaempferol analog or a glycoside thereof per day. 14. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition is for administration at a dose of 0.5 mg to 200 mg (kaempferol analog equivalent value) of the kaempferol analog or a glycoside thereof per day. 15. The composition of claim 1, wherein said composition is for administration to a subject who is hypoxic. 16. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition is a food and drink. 17. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition is a pharmaceutical composition. | The present application provides a composition for improvement in physical activity efficiency, a composition for reducing fatigue, and a composition for improving dynamic/kinetic visual acuity, comprising a kaempferol analog.1. A composition for improvement in physical activity efficiency, comprising a kaempferol analog of Formula I: 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the improvement in physical activity efficiency is improvement in endurance. 3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the improvement in physical activity efficiency is reduction of breathlessness. 4. A composition for reducing fatigue, comprising a kaempferol analog of Formula I: 5. A composition for improving dynamic/kinetic visual acuity, comprising a kaempferol analog of Formula I: 6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the glycoside of kaempferol analog is represented by Formula I, wherein:
at least one selected from R1, R2, R4, and R6 is independently selected from —OR7, —OR7R8, and —OR7R8R9; R7 is a glucose residue; and R8 and R9 are independently selected from a glucose residue, a mannose residue, a galactose residue, a fucose residue, a rhamnose residue, an arabinose residue, a xylose residue, a fructose residue, a glucuronic acid residue, and an apiose residue. 7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the kaempferol analog or a glycoside thereof is selected from the group consisting of the following: 8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the kaempferol analog or a glycoside thereof is kaempferol or kaempferol 3-O-glucoside. 9. The composition according to claim 1, comprising 0.1 to 200 mg (kaempferol analog equivalent value) of the kaempferol analog or a glycoside thereof. 10. The composition according to claim 1, comprising 0.5 mg to 100 mg (kaempferol analog equivalent value) of the kaempferol analog or a glycoside thereof. 11. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition is for administration at a dose of 0.1 mg to 200 mg (kaempferol analog equivalent value) of the kaempferol analog or a glycoside thereof per administration. 12. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition is for administration at a dose of 0.5 mg to 100 mg (kaempferol analog equivalent value) of the kaempferol analog or a glycoside thereof per administration. 13. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition is for administration at a dose of 0.1 mg to 600 mg (kaempferol analog equivalent value) of the kaempferol analog or a glycoside thereof per day. 14. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition is for administration at a dose of 0.5 mg to 200 mg (kaempferol analog equivalent value) of the kaempferol analog or a glycoside thereof per day. 15. The composition of claim 1, wherein said composition is for administration to a subject who is hypoxic. 16. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition is a food and drink. 17. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition is a pharmaceutical composition. | 1,600 |
340,733 | 16,642,191 | 2,829 | The present invention provides a display panel, which comprises at least one region to be cut and a functional region; the cross-sectional structure of the display panel comprises a substrate including a first sub-portion corresponding to a position of the region to be cut; a blocking part arranged on the first sub-portion; and a packaging layer arranged on the blocking part, and the contact surface of the packaging layer and the blocking part is a concave-convex surface. The display panel can improve the packaging effect. | 1. A foldable display panel, comprising:
a bending region; a non-bending region; a flexible substrate; an inorganic insulating layer disposed on a side of the flexible substrate, and a driving circuit disposed in the inorganic insulating layer; an organic planarization layer disposed on a side of the inorganic insulating layer away from the flexible substrate; a pixel defining layer disposed on a side of the organic planarization layer away from the flexible substrate, wherein an organic light emitting unit electrically connected to the driving circuit is disposed in the pixel defining layer; and an inorganic insulating layer comprising the organic light emitting unit, wherein the inorganic insulating layer encapsulates the organic light emitting unit; wherein the inorganic insulating layer comprises a groove and an opening, the groove crosses the bending region and the non-bending region, the opening is formed in the groove of the bending region and faces a side of the driving circuit, the inorganic insulating layer is recessed in a direction away from the opening to form the groove facing the opening, the groove is provided with a first organic barrier, and the opening is provided with a second organic barrier. 2. The foldable display panel according to claim 1, wherein on an orthographic projection of the flexible substrate, a distance between the first organic barrier and the inorganic insulating layer is greater than a length of the second organic barrier. 3. The foldable display panel according to claim 1, wherein on an orthographic projection of the flexible substrate, a distance between the first organic barrier and the inorganic insulating layer is less than or equal to a distance between the second organic barrier and a bottom of the groove. 4. The foldable display panel according to claim 3, wherein on an orthographic projection of the flexible substrate, a length of the second organic barrier is less than or equal to a depth of the groove. 5. The foldable display panel according to claim 1, wherein on an orthographic projection of the flexible substrate, a width of the second organic barrier is greater than or equal to a width of the bending region. 6. The foldable display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first organic barrier and the second organic barrier are connected to each other. 7. The foldable display panel according to claim 1, wherein the organic light emitting unit comprises an anode, a light emitting layer, and a cathode that are stacked, the anode is electrically connected to the driving circuit, and the inorganic insulating layer encapsulates the anode, the light emitting layer, and the cathode. 8. The foldable display panel according to claim 1, further comprising a water/oxygen blocking layer and a buffer layer which are stacked, wherein the water/oxygen blocking layer is connected to the flexible substrate, and the buffer layer is connected to the inorganic insulating layer. 9. A method of manufacturing a foldable display panel, wherein the foldable display panel comprises a bending region and a non-bending region, and the method comprises steps of:
forming a flexible substrate; laying a driving circuit on the flexible substrate; laying an inorganic insulating layer connected to the driving circuit on the flexible substrate; defining a groove and an opening on the inorganic insulating layer, wherein the groove crosses the bending region and the non-bending region, and the opening is formed in the groove of the bending region and faces a side of the driving circuit; forming an organic planarization layer on the inorganic insulating layer, wherein the organic planarization layer is filled into the groove to form a first organic barrier, and the organic planarization layer is filled into the opening to form a second organic barrier; laying an organic light emitting unit on the organic planarization layer, wherein the organic light emitting unit is electrically connected to the driving circuit; laying an inorganic insulating layer encapsulating the organic light emitting unit, wherein the inorganic insulating layer is recessed in a direction away from the opening to form the groove facing the opening; and laying a pixel defining layer connected to the inorganic insulating layer on the organic planarization layer. 10. A display device, comprising a casing and a foldable display panel, wherein the foldable display panel is disposed on the casing, and the foldable display panel comprises:
a bending region; a non-bending region; a flexible substrate; an inorganic insulating layer disposed on a side of the flexible substrate, and a driving circuit disposed in the inorganic insulating layer; an organic planarization layer disposed on a side of the inorganic insulating layer away from the flexible substrate; a pixel defining layer disposed on a side of the organic planarization layer away from the flexible substrate, wherein an organic light emitting unit electrically connected to the driving circuit is disposed in the pixel defining layer; and an inorganic insulating layer comprising the organic light emitting unit, wherein the inorganic insulating layer encapsulates the organic light emitting unit; wherein the inorganic insulating layer comprises a groove and an opening, the groove crosses the bending region and the non-bending region, the opening is formed in the groove of the bending region and faces a side of the driving circuit, the inorganic insulating layer is recessed in a direction away from the opening to form the groove facing the opening, the groove is provided with a first organic barrier, and the opening is provided with a second organic barrier. 11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein on an orthographic projection of the flexible substrate, a distance between the first organic barrier and the inorganic insulating layer is greater than a length of the second organic barrier. 12. The display device according to claim 10, wherein on an orthographic projection of the flexible substrate, a distance between the first organic barrier and the inorganic insulating layer is less than or equal to a distance between the second organic barrier and a bottom of the groove. 13. The display device according to claim 12, wherein on an orthographic projection of the flexible substrate, a length of the second organic barrier is less than or equal to a depth of the groove. 14. The display device according to claim 10, wherein on an orthographic projection of the flexible substrate, a length of the second organic barrier is greater than or equal to a depth of the groove. 15. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the first organic barrier and the second organic barrier are connected to each other. 16. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the organic light emitting unit comprises an anode, a light emitting layer, and a cathode that are stacked, the anode is electrically connected to the driving circuit, and the inorganic insulating layer encapsulates the anode, the light emitting layer, and the cathode. 17. The display device according to claim 10, further comprising a water/oxygen blocking layer and a buffer layer which are stacked, wherein the water/oxygen blocking layer is connected to the flexible substrate, and the buffer layer is connected to the inorganic insulating layer. | The present invention provides a display panel, which comprises at least one region to be cut and a functional region; the cross-sectional structure of the display panel comprises a substrate including a first sub-portion corresponding to a position of the region to be cut; a blocking part arranged on the first sub-portion; and a packaging layer arranged on the blocking part, and the contact surface of the packaging layer and the blocking part is a concave-convex surface. The display panel can improve the packaging effect.1. A foldable display panel, comprising:
a bending region; a non-bending region; a flexible substrate; an inorganic insulating layer disposed on a side of the flexible substrate, and a driving circuit disposed in the inorganic insulating layer; an organic planarization layer disposed on a side of the inorganic insulating layer away from the flexible substrate; a pixel defining layer disposed on a side of the organic planarization layer away from the flexible substrate, wherein an organic light emitting unit electrically connected to the driving circuit is disposed in the pixel defining layer; and an inorganic insulating layer comprising the organic light emitting unit, wherein the inorganic insulating layer encapsulates the organic light emitting unit; wherein the inorganic insulating layer comprises a groove and an opening, the groove crosses the bending region and the non-bending region, the opening is formed in the groove of the bending region and faces a side of the driving circuit, the inorganic insulating layer is recessed in a direction away from the opening to form the groove facing the opening, the groove is provided with a first organic barrier, and the opening is provided with a second organic barrier. 2. The foldable display panel according to claim 1, wherein on an orthographic projection of the flexible substrate, a distance between the first organic barrier and the inorganic insulating layer is greater than a length of the second organic barrier. 3. The foldable display panel according to claim 1, wherein on an orthographic projection of the flexible substrate, a distance between the first organic barrier and the inorganic insulating layer is less than or equal to a distance between the second organic barrier and a bottom of the groove. 4. The foldable display panel according to claim 3, wherein on an orthographic projection of the flexible substrate, a length of the second organic barrier is less than or equal to a depth of the groove. 5. The foldable display panel according to claim 1, wherein on an orthographic projection of the flexible substrate, a width of the second organic barrier is greater than or equal to a width of the bending region. 6. The foldable display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first organic barrier and the second organic barrier are connected to each other. 7. The foldable display panel according to claim 1, wherein the organic light emitting unit comprises an anode, a light emitting layer, and a cathode that are stacked, the anode is electrically connected to the driving circuit, and the inorganic insulating layer encapsulates the anode, the light emitting layer, and the cathode. 8. The foldable display panel according to claim 1, further comprising a water/oxygen blocking layer and a buffer layer which are stacked, wherein the water/oxygen blocking layer is connected to the flexible substrate, and the buffer layer is connected to the inorganic insulating layer. 9. A method of manufacturing a foldable display panel, wherein the foldable display panel comprises a bending region and a non-bending region, and the method comprises steps of:
forming a flexible substrate; laying a driving circuit on the flexible substrate; laying an inorganic insulating layer connected to the driving circuit on the flexible substrate; defining a groove and an opening on the inorganic insulating layer, wherein the groove crosses the bending region and the non-bending region, and the opening is formed in the groove of the bending region and faces a side of the driving circuit; forming an organic planarization layer on the inorganic insulating layer, wherein the organic planarization layer is filled into the groove to form a first organic barrier, and the organic planarization layer is filled into the opening to form a second organic barrier; laying an organic light emitting unit on the organic planarization layer, wherein the organic light emitting unit is electrically connected to the driving circuit; laying an inorganic insulating layer encapsulating the organic light emitting unit, wherein the inorganic insulating layer is recessed in a direction away from the opening to form the groove facing the opening; and laying a pixel defining layer connected to the inorganic insulating layer on the organic planarization layer. 10. A display device, comprising a casing and a foldable display panel, wherein the foldable display panel is disposed on the casing, and the foldable display panel comprises:
a bending region; a non-bending region; a flexible substrate; an inorganic insulating layer disposed on a side of the flexible substrate, and a driving circuit disposed in the inorganic insulating layer; an organic planarization layer disposed on a side of the inorganic insulating layer away from the flexible substrate; a pixel defining layer disposed on a side of the organic planarization layer away from the flexible substrate, wherein an organic light emitting unit electrically connected to the driving circuit is disposed in the pixel defining layer; and an inorganic insulating layer comprising the organic light emitting unit, wherein the inorganic insulating layer encapsulates the organic light emitting unit; wherein the inorganic insulating layer comprises a groove and an opening, the groove crosses the bending region and the non-bending region, the opening is formed in the groove of the bending region and faces a side of the driving circuit, the inorganic insulating layer is recessed in a direction away from the opening to form the groove facing the opening, the groove is provided with a first organic barrier, and the opening is provided with a second organic barrier. 11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein on an orthographic projection of the flexible substrate, a distance between the first organic barrier and the inorganic insulating layer is greater than a length of the second organic barrier. 12. The display device according to claim 10, wherein on an orthographic projection of the flexible substrate, a distance between the first organic barrier and the inorganic insulating layer is less than or equal to a distance between the second organic barrier and a bottom of the groove. 13. The display device according to claim 12, wherein on an orthographic projection of the flexible substrate, a length of the second organic barrier is less than or equal to a depth of the groove. 14. The display device according to claim 10, wherein on an orthographic projection of the flexible substrate, a length of the second organic barrier is greater than or equal to a depth of the groove. 15. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the first organic barrier and the second organic barrier are connected to each other. 16. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the organic light emitting unit comprises an anode, a light emitting layer, and a cathode that are stacked, the anode is electrically connected to the driving circuit, and the inorganic insulating layer encapsulates the anode, the light emitting layer, and the cathode. 17. The display device according to claim 10, further comprising a water/oxygen blocking layer and a buffer layer which are stacked, wherein the water/oxygen blocking layer is connected to the flexible substrate, and the buffer layer is connected to the inorganic insulating layer. | 2,800 |
340,734 | 16,642,201 | 2,829 | A heat exchanger for a heating device includes a plurality of tubes arranged in a juxtaposed configuration, and at least one first manifold member on the outside of the tubes. Each tube is wound in a spiral having a plurality of substantially co-planar turns including at least one inner turn and at least one further turn around the inner turn. At least one first tube has a first end portion, which extends starting from the inner turn towards the outside of the corresponding spiral, with at least one part of the first end portion that is superimposed on the at least one further turn in a position corresponding to a major face of the spiral, for connection to the at least one first manifold member. The at least one first tube has at least one transverse depression in which a corresponding part of the first end portion is at least partially received. | 1. A heat exchanger for a boiler or the like, comprising:
a tube assembly, which includes a plurality of tubes arranged in a juxtaposed configuration, at least one first manifold member, which is outside the tube assembly, wherein each tube is wound to define a substantially plane spiral having at least one turn, wherein at least one first tube, or each tube of the plurality of tubes, has a first end portion, which extends starting from the inside of the corresponding spiral towards the outside thereof, the first end portion being at least partially superimposed on the at least one turn, in a position corresponding to a major face of the spiral, for connection to the at least one first manifold member, wherein the at least one first tube, or each tube of the plurality of tubes, has at least one transverse depression defined in the at least one turn, and wherein in the at least one transverse depression is at least partially received a corresponding part of the first end portion. 2. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein:
the spiral of the at least one first tube, or of each tube of the plurality of tubes, has a plurality of substantially co-planar turns, which comprise at least one inner turn and at least one further turn around the inner turn, the first end portion extending starting from the inner turn, the at least one first tube, or each tube of the plurality of tubes, has a plurality of transverse depressions, each defined in a respective turn of the plurality of turns in a position corresponding to said major face of the spiral, the transverse depressions being in positions substantially aligned to each other according to a direction of extension of the first end portion, to form thereby a seat in which the first end portion is at least partially received. 3. The heat exchanger according to claim 2, wherein:
the at least one further turn of the at least one first tube, or of each tube of the plurality of tubes, comprises a plurality of further turns, which include an outer turn and one or more intermediate turns between the inner turn and the outer turn. 4. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the first end portion of the at least one first tube, or of each tube of the plurality of tubes, comprises a stretch of tube having a profile that is at least in part substantially flattened or planed at least in a position corresponding to one said transverse depression defined in the at least one turn, or in each turn of a plurality of turns of the corresponding spiral. 5. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the at least one turn, or each turn of a plurality of turns of the corresponding spiral, comprises a stretch of tube having a profile at least in part substantially flattened or planed at the corresponding transverse depression. 6. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first tube is juxtaposed or stacked on a second tube of the plurality of tubes at a second major face of the corresponding spiral. 7. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, comprising spacer means to define between the tubes of the plurality of tubes passageways for a heat-exchange fluid. 8. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first tube, or each tube of the plurality of tubes, has an outer profile having a plurality of reliefs at at least one of the major faces of the corresponding spiral, the reliefs of one tube being locally in contact with at least one adjacent tube of the plurality of tubes, the reliefs operating as spacers for defining between the tubes themselves a passageway for a heat-exchange fluid-R. 9. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, comprising at least one second manifold member which is outside the tube assembly, and wherein at least the first tube, or each tube of the plurality of tubes, has a second end portion that extends on the outside of the corresponding spiral, for connection to the at least one second manifold member. 10. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, comprising a heat-exchanger casing having a gas burner and a fume outlet at respective opposite ends of the heat-exchanger casing,
wherein the tube assembly is housed in the heat-exchanger casing in such a way that the gas burner faces, or projects into, an axial hollow volume defined by the plurality of tubes, at a first axial end of the tube assembly, and the fume outlet faces, or is in fluid communication with, said axial hollow volume at a second axial end of the tube assembly, and wherein the heat exchanger further comprises at least one fume barrier for fumes produced by the gas burner, the at least one fume barrier being in the tube assembly in an intermediate position between the gas burner and the fume outlet, so as to divide the tube assembly into at least one section upstream and one section downstream relative to the fume barrier, and thereby constrain the fumes to follow a substantially obligate path between the gas burner and the fume outlet, firstly from said axial hollow volume towards the outside of the tube assembly, in the section upstream of the fume barrier, and then from the outside of the tube assembly towards said axial hollow volume, in the section downstream of the fume barrier. 11. The heat exchanger according to claim 10, comprising at least one second manifold member which is outside the tube assembly, and at least the first tube, or each tube of the plurality of tubes, has a second end portion that extends on the outside of the corresponding spiral, for connection to the at least one second manifold member, and wherein:
the first manifold member is a delivery manifold and the second manifold member is a return manifold, the first end portions of the tubes belonging to the section upstream of the fume barrier are connected in parallel to the first manifold member, and the second end portions of the tubes belonging to the section upstream of the fume barrier are connected in parallel to the second manifold member; and the first end portions of the tubes belonging to the section downstream of the fume barrier are connected in parallel to the second manifold member, and the second end portions of the tubes belonging to the section downstream of the fume barrier are connected in parallel to the first manifold member. 12. The heat exchanger according to claim 10, comprising at least one second manifold member which is outside the tube assembly, and at least the first tube, or each tube of the plurality of tubes, has a second end portion that extends on the outside of the corresponding spiral, for connection to the at least one second manifold member, and further comprising a by-pass manifold member, wherein:
the first manifold member is a delivery manifold, and the second manifold member is a return manifold, the first end portions of the tubes belonging to the section upstream of the fume barrier are connected in parallel to the first manifold member, and the second end portions of the tubes belonging to the section upstream of the fume barrier are connected in parallel to the by-pass manifold member, and the first end portions of the tubes belonging to the section downstream of the fume barrier are connected in parallel to the second manifold member, and the second end portions of the tubes belonging to the section downstream of the fume barrier are connected in parallel to the by-pass manifold member. 13. A boiler or similar heating device, comprising a heat exchanger according to claim 1. 14. A heat-exchanger tube for a boiler or the like,
wherein the tube is wound so as to define a substantially plane spiral having at least one turn, wherein the tube has a first end portion, which extends starting from the inside of the corresponding spiral towards the outside thereof, the first end portion being at least partially superimposed on the at least one turn, in a position corresponding to a major face of the spiral, wherein the tube has at least one transverse depression defined in the at least one turn, in the at least one transverse depression being at least partially received a corresponding part of the first end portion. 15. A method for obtaining a heat-exchanger tube according to claim 14, comprising:
providing a tube; winding the tube in a spiral that defines at least the first end portion; inserting a supporting core in the first end portion; pressing at least part of the first end portion containing the supporting core on the at least one turn, so as to define the at least one transverse depression in which the corresponding part of the first end portion is at least partially received; and removing the supporting core from the first end portion. 16. The heat-exchanger tube according to claim 14, wherein the spiral of the tube has a plurality of substantially co-planar turns, which comprise at least one inner turn and at least one further turn around the inner turn, the first end portion extending from the inner turn,
the tube has a plurality of transverse depressions, each defined in a respective turn of the plurality of turns in a position corresponding to said major face of the spiral, the transverse depressions being in positions substantially aligned to each other according to a direction of extension of the first end portion, to form thereby a seat in which the first end portion is at least partially received. 17. The heat-exchanger tube according to claim 14, wherein:
the at least one further turn of the tube comprises a plurality of further turns, which include an outer turn and one or more intermediate turns between the inner turn and the outer turn. 18. The heat-exchanger tube according to claim 14, wherein the first end portion of the tube comprises a stretch of tube having a profile that is at least in part substantially flattened or planed at least in a position corresponding to one said transverse depression defined in the at least one turn, or in each turn of a plurality of turns of the corresponding spiral. 19. The heat-exchanger tube according to claim 14, wherein the at least one turn, or each turn of a plurality of turns of the corresponding spiral, comprises a stretch of tube having a profile at least in part substantially flattened or planed at the corresponding transverse depression. 20. The heat-exchanger tube according to claim 14, having an outer profile having a plurality of reliefs at at least one of the major faces of the corresponding spiral, the reliefs of the tube being designed to be locally in contact with at least one adjacent tube, the reliefs operating as spacers for defining between the tube and the adjacent tube a passageway for a heat-exchange fluid. | A heat exchanger for a heating device includes a plurality of tubes arranged in a juxtaposed configuration, and at least one first manifold member on the outside of the tubes. Each tube is wound in a spiral having a plurality of substantially co-planar turns including at least one inner turn and at least one further turn around the inner turn. At least one first tube has a first end portion, which extends starting from the inner turn towards the outside of the corresponding spiral, with at least one part of the first end portion that is superimposed on the at least one further turn in a position corresponding to a major face of the spiral, for connection to the at least one first manifold member. The at least one first tube has at least one transverse depression in which a corresponding part of the first end portion is at least partially received.1. A heat exchanger for a boiler or the like, comprising:
a tube assembly, which includes a plurality of tubes arranged in a juxtaposed configuration, at least one first manifold member, which is outside the tube assembly, wherein each tube is wound to define a substantially plane spiral having at least one turn, wherein at least one first tube, or each tube of the plurality of tubes, has a first end portion, which extends starting from the inside of the corresponding spiral towards the outside thereof, the first end portion being at least partially superimposed on the at least one turn, in a position corresponding to a major face of the spiral, for connection to the at least one first manifold member, wherein the at least one first tube, or each tube of the plurality of tubes, has at least one transverse depression defined in the at least one turn, and wherein in the at least one transverse depression is at least partially received a corresponding part of the first end portion. 2. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein:
the spiral of the at least one first tube, or of each tube of the plurality of tubes, has a plurality of substantially co-planar turns, which comprise at least one inner turn and at least one further turn around the inner turn, the first end portion extending starting from the inner turn, the at least one first tube, or each tube of the plurality of tubes, has a plurality of transverse depressions, each defined in a respective turn of the plurality of turns in a position corresponding to said major face of the spiral, the transverse depressions being in positions substantially aligned to each other according to a direction of extension of the first end portion, to form thereby a seat in which the first end portion is at least partially received. 3. The heat exchanger according to claim 2, wherein:
the at least one further turn of the at least one first tube, or of each tube of the plurality of tubes, comprises a plurality of further turns, which include an outer turn and one or more intermediate turns between the inner turn and the outer turn. 4. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the first end portion of the at least one first tube, or of each tube of the plurality of tubes, comprises a stretch of tube having a profile that is at least in part substantially flattened or planed at least in a position corresponding to one said transverse depression defined in the at least one turn, or in each turn of a plurality of turns of the corresponding spiral. 5. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the at least one turn, or each turn of a plurality of turns of the corresponding spiral, comprises a stretch of tube having a profile at least in part substantially flattened or planed at the corresponding transverse depression. 6. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first tube is juxtaposed or stacked on a second tube of the plurality of tubes at a second major face of the corresponding spiral. 7. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, comprising spacer means to define between the tubes of the plurality of tubes passageways for a heat-exchange fluid. 8. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first tube, or each tube of the plurality of tubes, has an outer profile having a plurality of reliefs at at least one of the major faces of the corresponding spiral, the reliefs of one tube being locally in contact with at least one adjacent tube of the plurality of tubes, the reliefs operating as spacers for defining between the tubes themselves a passageway for a heat-exchange fluid-R. 9. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, comprising at least one second manifold member which is outside the tube assembly, and wherein at least the first tube, or each tube of the plurality of tubes, has a second end portion that extends on the outside of the corresponding spiral, for connection to the at least one second manifold member. 10. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, comprising a heat-exchanger casing having a gas burner and a fume outlet at respective opposite ends of the heat-exchanger casing,
wherein the tube assembly is housed in the heat-exchanger casing in such a way that the gas burner faces, or projects into, an axial hollow volume defined by the plurality of tubes, at a first axial end of the tube assembly, and the fume outlet faces, or is in fluid communication with, said axial hollow volume at a second axial end of the tube assembly, and wherein the heat exchanger further comprises at least one fume barrier for fumes produced by the gas burner, the at least one fume barrier being in the tube assembly in an intermediate position between the gas burner and the fume outlet, so as to divide the tube assembly into at least one section upstream and one section downstream relative to the fume barrier, and thereby constrain the fumes to follow a substantially obligate path between the gas burner and the fume outlet, firstly from said axial hollow volume towards the outside of the tube assembly, in the section upstream of the fume barrier, and then from the outside of the tube assembly towards said axial hollow volume, in the section downstream of the fume barrier. 11. The heat exchanger according to claim 10, comprising at least one second manifold member which is outside the tube assembly, and at least the first tube, or each tube of the plurality of tubes, has a second end portion that extends on the outside of the corresponding spiral, for connection to the at least one second manifold member, and wherein:
the first manifold member is a delivery manifold and the second manifold member is a return manifold, the first end portions of the tubes belonging to the section upstream of the fume barrier are connected in parallel to the first manifold member, and the second end portions of the tubes belonging to the section upstream of the fume barrier are connected in parallel to the second manifold member; and the first end portions of the tubes belonging to the section downstream of the fume barrier are connected in parallel to the second manifold member, and the second end portions of the tubes belonging to the section downstream of the fume barrier are connected in parallel to the first manifold member. 12. The heat exchanger according to claim 10, comprising at least one second manifold member which is outside the tube assembly, and at least the first tube, or each tube of the plurality of tubes, has a second end portion that extends on the outside of the corresponding spiral, for connection to the at least one second manifold member, and further comprising a by-pass manifold member, wherein:
the first manifold member is a delivery manifold, and the second manifold member is a return manifold, the first end portions of the tubes belonging to the section upstream of the fume barrier are connected in parallel to the first manifold member, and the second end portions of the tubes belonging to the section upstream of the fume barrier are connected in parallel to the by-pass manifold member, and the first end portions of the tubes belonging to the section downstream of the fume barrier are connected in parallel to the second manifold member, and the second end portions of the tubes belonging to the section downstream of the fume barrier are connected in parallel to the by-pass manifold member. 13. A boiler or similar heating device, comprising a heat exchanger according to claim 1. 14. A heat-exchanger tube for a boiler or the like,
wherein the tube is wound so as to define a substantially plane spiral having at least one turn, wherein the tube has a first end portion, which extends starting from the inside of the corresponding spiral towards the outside thereof, the first end portion being at least partially superimposed on the at least one turn, in a position corresponding to a major face of the spiral, wherein the tube has at least one transverse depression defined in the at least one turn, in the at least one transverse depression being at least partially received a corresponding part of the first end portion. 15. A method for obtaining a heat-exchanger tube according to claim 14, comprising:
providing a tube; winding the tube in a spiral that defines at least the first end portion; inserting a supporting core in the first end portion; pressing at least part of the first end portion containing the supporting core on the at least one turn, so as to define the at least one transverse depression in which the corresponding part of the first end portion is at least partially received; and removing the supporting core from the first end portion. 16. The heat-exchanger tube according to claim 14, wherein the spiral of the tube has a plurality of substantially co-planar turns, which comprise at least one inner turn and at least one further turn around the inner turn, the first end portion extending from the inner turn,
the tube has a plurality of transverse depressions, each defined in a respective turn of the plurality of turns in a position corresponding to said major face of the spiral, the transverse depressions being in positions substantially aligned to each other according to a direction of extension of the first end portion, to form thereby a seat in which the first end portion is at least partially received. 17. The heat-exchanger tube according to claim 14, wherein:
the at least one further turn of the tube comprises a plurality of further turns, which include an outer turn and one or more intermediate turns between the inner turn and the outer turn. 18. The heat-exchanger tube according to claim 14, wherein the first end portion of the tube comprises a stretch of tube having a profile that is at least in part substantially flattened or planed at least in a position corresponding to one said transverse depression defined in the at least one turn, or in each turn of a plurality of turns of the corresponding spiral. 19. The heat-exchanger tube according to claim 14, wherein the at least one turn, or each turn of a plurality of turns of the corresponding spiral, comprises a stretch of tube having a profile at least in part substantially flattened or planed at the corresponding transverse depression. 20. The heat-exchanger tube according to claim 14, having an outer profile having a plurality of reliefs at at least one of the major faces of the corresponding spiral, the reliefs of the tube being designed to be locally in contact with at least one adjacent tube, the reliefs operating as spacers for defining between the tube and the adjacent tube a passageway for a heat-exchange fluid. | 2,800 |
340,735 | 16,642,186 | 2,829 | Disclosed are a hole connecting layer manufacturing method, a circuit board manufacturing method and a circuit board. The hole connecting layer manufacturing method comprises: adhering a first insulating dielectric layer, used for laminating and filling, to a daughter board; laminating and solidifying the first insulating dielectric layer on the daughter board; adhering a second insulating dielectric layer, used for laminating and filling, to the first insulating dielectric layer which has been laminated and solidified; manufacturing a first receiving hole on the first insulating dielectric layer and a second receiving hole on the second insulating dielectric layer, wherein the first receiving hole and the second receiving hole are provided vertically opposite to each other; filling both the first receiving hole and the second receiving hole with a conductive medium to complete manufacturing of the hole connecting layer. | 1. A method of manufacturing a hole connecting layer, the hole connecting layer being arranged between two adjacent sub-boards in at least two sub-boards stacked in sequence from top to bottom, the method comprising:
attaching a first insulating dielectric layer for pressing and filling glue to a side of one of the sub-boards facing adjacent another sub-board; pressing and curing the first insulating dielectric layer located on the sub-board; attaching a second insulating dielectric layer for pressing and filling glue on the first insulating dielectric layer after pressing and curing, wherein a side of the second insulating dielectric layer away from the first insulating dielectric layer is configured to be bonded to the adjacent another sub-board; manufacturing a first receiving hole in the first insulating dielectric layer, and manufacturing a second receiving hole in the second insulating dielectric layer, wherein the first receiving hole and the second receiving hole are arranged oppositely up and down; and filling a conductive medium in the first receiving hole and the second receiving hole to complete the manufacture of the hole connecting layer, wherein each sub-board is electrically connected to the adjacent another sub-board through the conductive medium. 2. The method of manufacturing the hole connecting layer according to claim 1, wherein an aperture of the first receiving hole is less than or equal to an aperture of a conductive via hole of two adjacent sub-boards, an aperture of the second receiving hole is less than or equal to the aperture of the conductive via hole of two adjacent sub-boards. 3. The method of manufacturing the hole connecting layer according to claim 1, wherein the conductive medium is a conductive resin. 4. The method of manufacturing the hole connecting layer according to claim 1, wherein the first insulating dielectric layer is a thermosetting first prepreg. 5. The method of manufacturing the hole connecting layer according to claim 1, wherein in the step of the attaching the second insulating dielectric layer on the first insulating dielectric layer, the second insulating dielectric layer comprises a second prepreg and a protective layer located on the second prepreg, and after the step of the manufacturing the first receiving hole in the first insulating dielectric layer, and manufacturing the second receiving hole in the second insulating dielectric layer, the method further comprises the step of removing the protective film. 6. The method of manufacturing the hole connecting layer according to claim 1, wherein a flow distance of the hole connecting layer is 25 mil to 200 mil. 7. A method of manufacturing a circuit board, the method comprising:
manufacturing sub-boards, the number of the sub-boards being at least two, and the at least two sub-boards being arranged in sequence from top to bottom, wherein one side of each of the manufactured sub-boards facing adjacent another sub-board is provided with a pad layer, and the pad layer is provided with a pad in one-to-one correspondence and conduction with a conductive via hole on the sub-board; manufacturing a hole connecting layer in two adjacent sub-boards by using the method of manufacturing the hole connecting layer according to claim 1; and laminating all of the sub-boards to form a mother board. 8. The method of manufacturing the circuit board according to claim 7, wherein the at least two sub-boards are arranged in sequence from top to bottom to form a sub-board group, and the sub-board group comprises two end sub-boards at both ends, the step of the manufacturing sub-boards comprises a step of manufacturing the end sub-boards, the step of the manufacturing the end sub-boards comprises:
preparing two pieces of copper foils, a plurality of copper clad boards, and a plurality of third prepregs, upper and lower sides of each of the copper clad boards being provided with circuit layers; stacking a copper foil, a plurality of copper clad boards, and a copper foil in sequence to form a pre-pressing board, wherein at least one of the third prepregs is arranged between two adjacent copper clad boards, and at least one of the third prepregs is also arranged between two pieces of the copper foil and the copper clad board; pressing the pre-pressing board to form a pressing board; manufacturing the conductive via hole on the pressing board; and etching a circuit on one of the copper foils to form a surface circuit layer, and etching a pad on the other copper foil to form the pad layer, so as to complete the manufacture of the end sub-board. 9. The method of manufacturing the circuit board according to claim 8, wherein the number of the sub-boards is at least three, the sub-board group further comprises an intermediate sub-board located between two end sub-boards, the step of the manufacturing sub-boards further comprises a step of manufacturing the intermediate sub-board, the step of the manufacturing the intermediate sub-board comprises:
preparing two pieces of copper foils, a plurality of copper clad boards, and a plurality of third prepregs, upper and lower sides of each of the copper clad boards being provided with circuit layers; stacking a copper foil, a plurality of copper clad boards, and a copper foil in sequence to form a pre-pressing board, wherein at least one of the third prepregs is arranged between two adjacent copper clad boards, and at least one of the third prepregs is also arranged between two pieces of the copper foil and the copper clad board; pressing the pre-pressing board to form a pressing board; manufacturing the conductive via hole on the pressing board; and etching a pad on each of two pieces of the copper foils to form the pad layer, so as to complete the manufacture of the intermediate sub-board. 10. A circuit board, comprising:
a hole connecting layer; and at least two sub-boards, wherein the at least two sub-boards are stacked in sequence from top to bottom; wherein the hole connecting layer is arranged between two adjacent sub-boards, the hole connecting layer comprising:
a first insulating dielectric layer pre-pressed and pre-cured on one of the sub-boards; and
a second insulating dielectric layer arranged on the first insulating dielectric layer;
wherein the second insulating dielectric layer is configured to be bonded to adjacent another sub-board in a process of pressing and shaping, the first insulating dielectric layer being provided with a first receiving hole, the second insulating dielectric layer being provided with a second receiving hole, both of the first receiving hole and the second receiving hole being provided with a conductive medium, wherein one of two adjacent sub-boards is electrically connected to the other sub-board through the conductive medium. | Disclosed are a hole connecting layer manufacturing method, a circuit board manufacturing method and a circuit board. The hole connecting layer manufacturing method comprises: adhering a first insulating dielectric layer, used for laminating and filling, to a daughter board; laminating and solidifying the first insulating dielectric layer on the daughter board; adhering a second insulating dielectric layer, used for laminating and filling, to the first insulating dielectric layer which has been laminated and solidified; manufacturing a first receiving hole on the first insulating dielectric layer and a second receiving hole on the second insulating dielectric layer, wherein the first receiving hole and the second receiving hole are provided vertically opposite to each other; filling both the first receiving hole and the second receiving hole with a conductive medium to complete manufacturing of the hole connecting layer.1. A method of manufacturing a hole connecting layer, the hole connecting layer being arranged between two adjacent sub-boards in at least two sub-boards stacked in sequence from top to bottom, the method comprising:
attaching a first insulating dielectric layer for pressing and filling glue to a side of one of the sub-boards facing adjacent another sub-board; pressing and curing the first insulating dielectric layer located on the sub-board; attaching a second insulating dielectric layer for pressing and filling glue on the first insulating dielectric layer after pressing and curing, wherein a side of the second insulating dielectric layer away from the first insulating dielectric layer is configured to be bonded to the adjacent another sub-board; manufacturing a first receiving hole in the first insulating dielectric layer, and manufacturing a second receiving hole in the second insulating dielectric layer, wherein the first receiving hole and the second receiving hole are arranged oppositely up and down; and filling a conductive medium in the first receiving hole and the second receiving hole to complete the manufacture of the hole connecting layer, wherein each sub-board is electrically connected to the adjacent another sub-board through the conductive medium. 2. The method of manufacturing the hole connecting layer according to claim 1, wherein an aperture of the first receiving hole is less than or equal to an aperture of a conductive via hole of two adjacent sub-boards, an aperture of the second receiving hole is less than or equal to the aperture of the conductive via hole of two adjacent sub-boards. 3. The method of manufacturing the hole connecting layer according to claim 1, wherein the conductive medium is a conductive resin. 4. The method of manufacturing the hole connecting layer according to claim 1, wherein the first insulating dielectric layer is a thermosetting first prepreg. 5. The method of manufacturing the hole connecting layer according to claim 1, wherein in the step of the attaching the second insulating dielectric layer on the first insulating dielectric layer, the second insulating dielectric layer comprises a second prepreg and a protective layer located on the second prepreg, and after the step of the manufacturing the first receiving hole in the first insulating dielectric layer, and manufacturing the second receiving hole in the second insulating dielectric layer, the method further comprises the step of removing the protective film. 6. The method of manufacturing the hole connecting layer according to claim 1, wherein a flow distance of the hole connecting layer is 25 mil to 200 mil. 7. A method of manufacturing a circuit board, the method comprising:
manufacturing sub-boards, the number of the sub-boards being at least two, and the at least two sub-boards being arranged in sequence from top to bottom, wherein one side of each of the manufactured sub-boards facing adjacent another sub-board is provided with a pad layer, and the pad layer is provided with a pad in one-to-one correspondence and conduction with a conductive via hole on the sub-board; manufacturing a hole connecting layer in two adjacent sub-boards by using the method of manufacturing the hole connecting layer according to claim 1; and laminating all of the sub-boards to form a mother board. 8. The method of manufacturing the circuit board according to claim 7, wherein the at least two sub-boards are arranged in sequence from top to bottom to form a sub-board group, and the sub-board group comprises two end sub-boards at both ends, the step of the manufacturing sub-boards comprises a step of manufacturing the end sub-boards, the step of the manufacturing the end sub-boards comprises:
preparing two pieces of copper foils, a plurality of copper clad boards, and a plurality of third prepregs, upper and lower sides of each of the copper clad boards being provided with circuit layers; stacking a copper foil, a plurality of copper clad boards, and a copper foil in sequence to form a pre-pressing board, wherein at least one of the third prepregs is arranged between two adjacent copper clad boards, and at least one of the third prepregs is also arranged between two pieces of the copper foil and the copper clad board; pressing the pre-pressing board to form a pressing board; manufacturing the conductive via hole on the pressing board; and etching a circuit on one of the copper foils to form a surface circuit layer, and etching a pad on the other copper foil to form the pad layer, so as to complete the manufacture of the end sub-board. 9. The method of manufacturing the circuit board according to claim 8, wherein the number of the sub-boards is at least three, the sub-board group further comprises an intermediate sub-board located between two end sub-boards, the step of the manufacturing sub-boards further comprises a step of manufacturing the intermediate sub-board, the step of the manufacturing the intermediate sub-board comprises:
preparing two pieces of copper foils, a plurality of copper clad boards, and a plurality of third prepregs, upper and lower sides of each of the copper clad boards being provided with circuit layers; stacking a copper foil, a plurality of copper clad boards, and a copper foil in sequence to form a pre-pressing board, wherein at least one of the third prepregs is arranged between two adjacent copper clad boards, and at least one of the third prepregs is also arranged between two pieces of the copper foil and the copper clad board; pressing the pre-pressing board to form a pressing board; manufacturing the conductive via hole on the pressing board; and etching a pad on each of two pieces of the copper foils to form the pad layer, so as to complete the manufacture of the intermediate sub-board. 10. A circuit board, comprising:
a hole connecting layer; and at least two sub-boards, wherein the at least two sub-boards are stacked in sequence from top to bottom; wherein the hole connecting layer is arranged between two adjacent sub-boards, the hole connecting layer comprising:
a first insulating dielectric layer pre-pressed and pre-cured on one of the sub-boards; and
a second insulating dielectric layer arranged on the first insulating dielectric layer;
wherein the second insulating dielectric layer is configured to be bonded to adjacent another sub-board in a process of pressing and shaping, the first insulating dielectric layer being provided with a first receiving hole, the second insulating dielectric layer being provided with a second receiving hole, both of the first receiving hole and the second receiving hole being provided with a conductive medium, wherein one of two adjacent sub-boards is electrically connected to the other sub-board through the conductive medium. | 2,800 |
340,736 | 16,642,222 | 2,829 | A molded article removing device for removing a small and lightweight molded article from a molding machine includes: a first removing member receiving the molded article from a removing unit of the molding machine; a second removing member receiving the molded article from the first removing member; a first drive mechanism moving the first removing member in a horizontal direction; and a second drive mechanism moving the second removing member in a vertical direction, each of the first removing member and the second removing member includes: an accommodating portion accommodating the molded article; and a shutter plate sliding in the horizontal direction to open and close the accommodating portion, and the molded article is accommodated in the accommodating portion in a state where the accommodating portion is closed, and is dropped from the accommodating portion by opening the accommodating portion. | 1. A molded article removing device for removing a small and lightweight molded article from a molding machine, the molded article removing device comprising:
a first removing member configured to receive the molded article from a removing unit of the molding machine; a second removing member configured to receive the molded article from the first removing member; a first drive mechanism configured to move the first removing member in a horizontal direction; and a second drive mechanism configured to move the second removing member in a vertical direction, wherein each of the first removing member and the second removing member includes:
an accommodating portion configured to accommodate the molded article; and
a shutter plate configured to slide in the horizontal direction to open and close the accommodating portion,
wherein the molded article is accommodated in the accommodating portion in a state where the accommodating portion is closed, and wherein the molded article is configured to be dropped from the accommodating portion by opening the accommodating portion. 2. The molded article removing device according to claim 1,
wherein the shutter plate is provided with a buffer on a surface receiving the molded article. 3. The molded article removing device according to claim 1,
wherein the first removing member and the second removing member are made of aluminum steel materials. 4. The molded article removing device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third drive mechanism configured to move the first removing member in the vertical direction, wherein the third drive mechanism moves the first removing member upward in the vertical direction so as to bring the first removing member toward the molding machine when the first removing member receives the molded article from the removing unit of the molding machine. 5. The molded article removing device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third drive mechanism configured to move the first removing member in the vertical direction, wherein the third drive mechanism moves the first removing member downward in the vertical direction so as to bring the first removing member toward the second removing member when the first removing member transfers the molded article to the second removing member. | A molded article removing device for removing a small and lightweight molded article from a molding machine includes: a first removing member receiving the molded article from a removing unit of the molding machine; a second removing member receiving the molded article from the first removing member; a first drive mechanism moving the first removing member in a horizontal direction; and a second drive mechanism moving the second removing member in a vertical direction, each of the first removing member and the second removing member includes: an accommodating portion accommodating the molded article; and a shutter plate sliding in the horizontal direction to open and close the accommodating portion, and the molded article is accommodated in the accommodating portion in a state where the accommodating portion is closed, and is dropped from the accommodating portion by opening the accommodating portion.1. A molded article removing device for removing a small and lightweight molded article from a molding machine, the molded article removing device comprising:
a first removing member configured to receive the molded article from a removing unit of the molding machine; a second removing member configured to receive the molded article from the first removing member; a first drive mechanism configured to move the first removing member in a horizontal direction; and a second drive mechanism configured to move the second removing member in a vertical direction, wherein each of the first removing member and the second removing member includes:
an accommodating portion configured to accommodate the molded article; and
a shutter plate configured to slide in the horizontal direction to open and close the accommodating portion,
wherein the molded article is accommodated in the accommodating portion in a state where the accommodating portion is closed, and wherein the molded article is configured to be dropped from the accommodating portion by opening the accommodating portion. 2. The molded article removing device according to claim 1,
wherein the shutter plate is provided with a buffer on a surface receiving the molded article. 3. The molded article removing device according to claim 1,
wherein the first removing member and the second removing member are made of aluminum steel materials. 4. The molded article removing device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third drive mechanism configured to move the first removing member in the vertical direction, wherein the third drive mechanism moves the first removing member upward in the vertical direction so as to bring the first removing member toward the molding machine when the first removing member receives the molded article from the removing unit of the molding machine. 5. The molded article removing device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third drive mechanism configured to move the first removing member in the vertical direction, wherein the third drive mechanism moves the first removing member downward in the vertical direction so as to bring the first removing member toward the second removing member when the first removing member transfers the molded article to the second removing member. | 2,800 |
340,737 | 16,642,203 | 2,829 | Techniques and apparatus for managing performance states of processing circuitry of a computing device are described. In one embodiment, for example, an apparatus may include at least one memory, at least one processing circuitry, and logic, at least a portion of comprised in hardware coupled to the at least one processing circuitry, to set a first performance state (P-state) of the at least one processing circuitry based on system utilization information, access a performance interface element comprising a plurality of performance metric hints, update the first P-state to a second P-state responsive to one of the plurality of performance metric hints being set by an operating system (OS) of the apparatus, and maintain the first P-state responsive to none of the plurality of performance metric hints being set by the operating system (OS). Other embodiments are described and claimed. | 1.-25. (canceled) 26. An apparatus, comprising:
at least one memory; at least one processing circuitry; and logic, at least a portion of the logic comprising hardware logic coupled to the at least one processing circuitry, to:
set a first performance state (P-state) of the at least one processing circuitry based on system utilization information;
access a performance interface element comprising a plurality of performance metric hints;
update the first P-state to a second P-state responsive to one of the plurality of performance metric hints being set by an operating system (OS) of the apparatus; and
maintain the first P-state responsive to none of the plurality of performance metric hints being set by the operating system (OS). 27. The apparatus of claim 26, the logic comprising a hardware performance state logic implementing hardware P-states (HWP). 28. The apparatus of claim 26, the logic comprising a hardware performance state logic implementing utilization-based P-state selection (UBPS). 29. The apparatus of claim 26, the logic comprising a hybrid performance state logic. 30. The apparatus of claim 26, the plurality of performance metric hints updated via an operating system (OS) performance state interface logic. 31. The apparatus of claim 26, the performance interface element comprising a hybrid performance interface element. 32. The apparatus of claim 26, the performance interface element comprising a model specific register (MSR). 33. The apparatus of claim 26, the performance interface element comprising a model specific register (MSR) comprising a plurality of bits representing the plurality of performance metric hints. 34. The apparatus of claim 26, the plurality of performance metric hints comprising at least one of I/O hints, memory hints, user interaction hints, quality of service (QoS) hints, or consumer-producer hints. 35. The apparatus of claim 26, the plurality of performance metric hints comprising at least one of an interrupt rate, a soft page fault rate, a user interaction event, or a producer-consumer dependency. 36. A method, comprising:
setting a first performance state (P-state) of at least one processing circuitry of a computing device based on system utilization information; accessing a performance interface element comprising a plurality of performance metric hints; updating the first P-state to a second P-state responsive to one of the plurality of performance metric hints being set by an operating system (OS) of the computing device; maintaining the first P-state responsive to none of the plurality of performance metric hints being set by the operating system (OS). 37. The method of claim 36, comprising setting and updating the first P-state using a hardware performance state logic implementing hardware P-states (HWP). 38. The method of claim 36, comprising setting and updating the first P-state using a hardware performance state logic implementing utilization-based P-state selection (UBPS). 39. The method of claim 36, comprising setting and updating the first P-state and the second P-state using a hybrid performance state logic. 40. The method of claim 36, the plurality of performance metric hints updated via an operating system (OS) performance state interface logic. 41. The method of claim 36, the performance interface element comprising a hybrid performance interface element. 42. The method of claim 36, the performance interface element comprising a model specific register (MSR). 43. The method of claim 36, the performance interface element comprising a model specific register (MSR) comprising a plurality of bits representing the plurality of performance metric hints. 44. The method of claim 36, the plurality of performance metric hints comprising at least one of I/O hints, memory hints, user interaction hints, quality of service (QoS) hints, or consumer-producer hints. 45. The method of claim 36, the plurality of performance metric hints comprising at least one of an interrupt rate, a soft page fault rate, a user interaction event, or a producer-consumer dependency. 46. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores computer-executable instructions for execution by processing circuitry of a computing device, the computer-executable instructions, when executed, to cause the computing device to:
set a first performance state (P-state) of at least one processing circuitry of a computing device based on system utilization information; access a performance interface element comprising a plurality of performance metric hints; update the first P-state to a second P-state responsive to one of the plurality of performance metric hints being set by an operating system (OS) of the computing device; maintain the first P-state responsive to none of the plurality of performance metric hints being set by the operating system (OS). 47. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 46, the computer-executable instructions, when executed, to cause the computing device to set and update the first P-state using a hardware performance state logic implementing hardware P-states (HWP). 48. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 46, the computer-executable instructions, when executed, to cause the computing device to set and update the first P-state using a hardware performance state logic implementing utilization-based P-state selection (UBPS). 49. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 46, the computer-executable instructions, when executed, to cause the computing device to set and update the first P-state and the second P-state using a hybrid performance state logic. 50. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 46, the plurality of performance metric hints updated via an operating system (OS) performance state interface logic. | Techniques and apparatus for managing performance states of processing circuitry of a computing device are described. In one embodiment, for example, an apparatus may include at least one memory, at least one processing circuitry, and logic, at least a portion of comprised in hardware coupled to the at least one processing circuitry, to set a first performance state (P-state) of the at least one processing circuitry based on system utilization information, access a performance interface element comprising a plurality of performance metric hints, update the first P-state to a second P-state responsive to one of the plurality of performance metric hints being set by an operating system (OS) of the apparatus, and maintain the first P-state responsive to none of the plurality of performance metric hints being set by the operating system (OS). Other embodiments are described and claimed.1.-25. (canceled) 26. An apparatus, comprising:
at least one memory; at least one processing circuitry; and logic, at least a portion of the logic comprising hardware logic coupled to the at least one processing circuitry, to:
set a first performance state (P-state) of the at least one processing circuitry based on system utilization information;
access a performance interface element comprising a plurality of performance metric hints;
update the first P-state to a second P-state responsive to one of the plurality of performance metric hints being set by an operating system (OS) of the apparatus; and
maintain the first P-state responsive to none of the plurality of performance metric hints being set by the operating system (OS). 27. The apparatus of claim 26, the logic comprising a hardware performance state logic implementing hardware P-states (HWP). 28. The apparatus of claim 26, the logic comprising a hardware performance state logic implementing utilization-based P-state selection (UBPS). 29. The apparatus of claim 26, the logic comprising a hybrid performance state logic. 30. The apparatus of claim 26, the plurality of performance metric hints updated via an operating system (OS) performance state interface logic. 31. The apparatus of claim 26, the performance interface element comprising a hybrid performance interface element. 32. The apparatus of claim 26, the performance interface element comprising a model specific register (MSR). 33. The apparatus of claim 26, the performance interface element comprising a model specific register (MSR) comprising a plurality of bits representing the plurality of performance metric hints. 34. The apparatus of claim 26, the plurality of performance metric hints comprising at least one of I/O hints, memory hints, user interaction hints, quality of service (QoS) hints, or consumer-producer hints. 35. The apparatus of claim 26, the plurality of performance metric hints comprising at least one of an interrupt rate, a soft page fault rate, a user interaction event, or a producer-consumer dependency. 36. A method, comprising:
setting a first performance state (P-state) of at least one processing circuitry of a computing device based on system utilization information; accessing a performance interface element comprising a plurality of performance metric hints; updating the first P-state to a second P-state responsive to one of the plurality of performance metric hints being set by an operating system (OS) of the computing device; maintaining the first P-state responsive to none of the plurality of performance metric hints being set by the operating system (OS). 37. The method of claim 36, comprising setting and updating the first P-state using a hardware performance state logic implementing hardware P-states (HWP). 38. The method of claim 36, comprising setting and updating the first P-state using a hardware performance state logic implementing utilization-based P-state selection (UBPS). 39. The method of claim 36, comprising setting and updating the first P-state and the second P-state using a hybrid performance state logic. 40. The method of claim 36, the plurality of performance metric hints updated via an operating system (OS) performance state interface logic. 41. The method of claim 36, the performance interface element comprising a hybrid performance interface element. 42. The method of claim 36, the performance interface element comprising a model specific register (MSR). 43. The method of claim 36, the performance interface element comprising a model specific register (MSR) comprising a plurality of bits representing the plurality of performance metric hints. 44. The method of claim 36, the plurality of performance metric hints comprising at least one of I/O hints, memory hints, user interaction hints, quality of service (QoS) hints, or consumer-producer hints. 45. The method of claim 36, the plurality of performance metric hints comprising at least one of an interrupt rate, a soft page fault rate, a user interaction event, or a producer-consumer dependency. 46. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores computer-executable instructions for execution by processing circuitry of a computing device, the computer-executable instructions, when executed, to cause the computing device to:
set a first performance state (P-state) of at least one processing circuitry of a computing device based on system utilization information; access a performance interface element comprising a plurality of performance metric hints; update the first P-state to a second P-state responsive to one of the plurality of performance metric hints being set by an operating system (OS) of the computing device; maintain the first P-state responsive to none of the plurality of performance metric hints being set by the operating system (OS). 47. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 46, the computer-executable instructions, when executed, to cause the computing device to set and update the first P-state using a hardware performance state logic implementing hardware P-states (HWP). 48. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 46, the computer-executable instructions, when executed, to cause the computing device to set and update the first P-state using a hardware performance state logic implementing utilization-based P-state selection (UBPS). 49. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 46, the computer-executable instructions, when executed, to cause the computing device to set and update the first P-state and the second P-state using a hybrid performance state logic. 50. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 46, the plurality of performance metric hints updated via an operating system (OS) performance state interface logic. | 2,800 |
340,738 | 16,642,124 | 2,829 | A transfer method controls transfer of a template in a system (1) that supports introduction of an ERP package for a plurality of customer companies. The template includes: a plurality of software modules necessary for performing a plurality of functions including functions tailored to a plurality of industries or functions tailored to part of the industries; and a plurality of parameter settings used for determining operations of the software modules. The transfer method includes: a reception step of receiving an instruction to transfer a template; and a transfer step of transferring, on receiving the instruction to transfer a template, a plurality of software modules and a plurality of parameter settings which are included in the template from a first server (20) used for developing the template to a second server (30) used for performing a test for each customer company. | 1. A transfer method for controlling transfer of a template in a system that supports introduction of an ERP package for a plurality of customer companies, wherein
the template includes a plurality of software modules and a plurality of parameter settings, the plurality of software modules being necessary for performing a plurality of functions including functions tailored to a plurality of industries or functions tailored to part of the industries, the plurality of parameter settings being used for determining operations of the plurality of software modules; and the transfer method includes:
a reception step of receiving an instruction to transfer the template; and
a transfer step of transferring, on receiving the instruction to transfer the template, the plurality of software modules and the plurality of parameter settings included in the template from a first server used for developing the template to a second server used for performing a test for each of the customer companies. 2. The transfer method according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of parameter settings include:
a first parameter setting for which change and addition of data are inhibited;
a second parameter setting being a parameter setting for specifying operations for each industry for the plurality of functions, for which change of data is inhibited; and
a third parameter setting for which setting for each of the customer companies is required. 3. The transfer method according to claim 2, wherein
in the third parameter setting, data for testing is set, the data for testing being used for performing testing of the template on a server for testing included in the first server. 4. The transfer method according to claim 2, wherein
the third parameter setting includes an authority setting parameter for setting, for each user in the customer companies, whether or not to allow an execution of the plurality of functions achieved by the template. 5. The transfer method according to claim 4, wherein
in the authority setting parameter, a transaction code and an identifier are stored in association with each other, the transaction code being associated with each of the functions achieved by the template, the identifier allowing uniquely specifying a user in the customer companies. 6. The transfer method according to any one of claim 1, wherein
in the transfer step, the plurality of software modules and the plurality of parameter settings included in the template are transferred from the first server to all of the second servers prepared for each of the customer companies. 7. The transfer method according to any one of claim 1, wherein
in the transfer step, the plurality of software modules and the plurality of parameter settings included in the template are transferred from the first server to the second server prepared in common for the plurality of customer companies. 8. The transfer method according to any one of claim 1, wherein
the template includes the plurality of software modules and the plurality of parameter settings, the plurality of software modules being necessary for performing all of the plurality of functions including the functions tailored to all of the plurality of industries or the functions tailored to the part of the industries, the plurality of parameter settings being used for determining operations of the plurality of software modules. | A transfer method controls transfer of a template in a system (1) that supports introduction of an ERP package for a plurality of customer companies. The template includes: a plurality of software modules necessary for performing a plurality of functions including functions tailored to a plurality of industries or functions tailored to part of the industries; and a plurality of parameter settings used for determining operations of the software modules. The transfer method includes: a reception step of receiving an instruction to transfer a template; and a transfer step of transferring, on receiving the instruction to transfer a template, a plurality of software modules and a plurality of parameter settings which are included in the template from a first server (20) used for developing the template to a second server (30) used for performing a test for each customer company.1. A transfer method for controlling transfer of a template in a system that supports introduction of an ERP package for a plurality of customer companies, wherein
the template includes a plurality of software modules and a plurality of parameter settings, the plurality of software modules being necessary for performing a plurality of functions including functions tailored to a plurality of industries or functions tailored to part of the industries, the plurality of parameter settings being used for determining operations of the plurality of software modules; and the transfer method includes:
a reception step of receiving an instruction to transfer the template; and
a transfer step of transferring, on receiving the instruction to transfer the template, the plurality of software modules and the plurality of parameter settings included in the template from a first server used for developing the template to a second server used for performing a test for each of the customer companies. 2. The transfer method according to claim 1, wherein
the plurality of parameter settings include:
a first parameter setting for which change and addition of data are inhibited;
a second parameter setting being a parameter setting for specifying operations for each industry for the plurality of functions, for which change of data is inhibited; and
a third parameter setting for which setting for each of the customer companies is required. 3. The transfer method according to claim 2, wherein
in the third parameter setting, data for testing is set, the data for testing being used for performing testing of the template on a server for testing included in the first server. 4. The transfer method according to claim 2, wherein
the third parameter setting includes an authority setting parameter for setting, for each user in the customer companies, whether or not to allow an execution of the plurality of functions achieved by the template. 5. The transfer method according to claim 4, wherein
in the authority setting parameter, a transaction code and an identifier are stored in association with each other, the transaction code being associated with each of the functions achieved by the template, the identifier allowing uniquely specifying a user in the customer companies. 6. The transfer method according to any one of claim 1, wherein
in the transfer step, the plurality of software modules and the plurality of parameter settings included in the template are transferred from the first server to all of the second servers prepared for each of the customer companies. 7. The transfer method according to any one of claim 1, wherein
in the transfer step, the plurality of software modules and the plurality of parameter settings included in the template are transferred from the first server to the second server prepared in common for the plurality of customer companies. 8. The transfer method according to any one of claim 1, wherein
the template includes the plurality of software modules and the plurality of parameter settings, the plurality of software modules being necessary for performing all of the plurality of functions including the functions tailored to all of the plurality of industries or the functions tailored to the part of the industries, the plurality of parameter settings being used for determining operations of the plurality of software modules. | 2,800 |
340,739 | 16,642,190 | 2,829 | The invention relates to an ink-jet printer including: a support structure including two side walls; a transfer apparatus slidable for advancing the substrate in a direction x, the transfer apparatus comprising a conveyor belt and a stationary support plane; a print device including a print head operating along a direction y, perpendicular to the direction x; retaining means for maintaining the substrate adhering to the conveyor belt; and adjusting means of the transfer apparatus. The support plane includes two side ends which rest on the side walls. The adjusting means of the transfer apparatus include at least one side adjusting assembly positioned between a side wall and the respective side end of the support plane. | 1. An ink jet printer for printing a substrate in textile, paper, polymeric or other material, the printer comprising:
a support structure comprising two side; a transfer apparatus slidable for advancing the substrate in an advancement direction, the transfer apparatus comprising a conveyor belt and a stationary support plane, wherein the conveyor belt comprises an outer surface intended to contact the substrate and an inner surface intended to contact the stationary support plane; a print device arranged in proximity of the outer surface of the conveyor belt and comprising a print head operating along a print direction perpendicular to the advancement direction; retaining means suitable for maintaining the substrate adherent and fixed with respect to the conveyor belt; means for adjusting the transfer apparatus; wherein: the stationary support plane comprises two side ends; and the side ends of the stationary support plane rest on the side walls of the support structure; the printer being characterized in that the adjusting means of the transfer apparatus comprise at least a side adjusting assembly placed between one of the side walls and the respective side end of the stationary support plane. 2. The printer according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting means of the transfer apparatus comprise two side adjusting assemblies each of them being placed between one of the side walls and the respective side end of the stationary support plane. 3. The printer according to claim 1, wherein the at least one side adjusting assembly is suitable for imposing to the side end of the stationary support plane a translation movement in an adjusting direction, perpendicular to a print plane containing said advancement direction and said print direction. 4. The printer according to on claim 1, wherein the at least one side adjusting assembly is suitable for imposing to the side end of the stationary support plane a rotation movement around the print direction. 5. The printer according to claim 1, wherein the support structure further comprises a cross beam extending between the two side walls; and wherein the adjusting means of the transfer apparatus comprise a central adjusting assembly placed between the cross beam and a central portion of the stationary support plane. 6. The printer according to claim 5, wherein the central adjusting assembly is suitable for imposing to the central portion of the stationary support plane a translation movement in the adjusting direction, perpendicular to the print plane. 7. The printer according to one claim 3, wherein the adjusting means of the transfer apparatus comprise at least one surface inclined with respect to the print plane fixed to the stationary support plane, and at least a movable wedge placed between the inclined surface and the support structure. 8. The printer according to claim 1, wherein the at least one side adjusting assembly comprises a pulling screw screwed in a threaded bore of the side wall of the support structure and a pushing screw axially abutting on a surface of the side wall. 9. The printer according to claim 8, wherein the pulling screw has an axis parallel to the adjusting direction and freely moves along a smooth through bore of the side end of the stationary support plane, and the pushing screw has an axis parallel to the adjusting direction and is screwed in a threaded bore of the side end. 10. The printer according to claim 7, wherein the pulling screw has an axis parallel to the print direction and freely moves along a smooth through bore of the movable wedge (641), and the pushing screw has an axis parallel to the print direction and is screwed in a threaded bore of the movable wedge. 11. The printer according to claim 1, wherein the at least one side adjusting assembly comprises a front side adjusting sub-assembly and a rear side adjusting sub-assembly, spaced the one from the other along the advancement direction. 12. The printer according to claim 1, wherein:
the side wall of the support structure defines an abutment; the side adjusting assembly is suitable for imposing a roto-translation movement to the abutment; and the side end of the stationary support plane rests on the abutment 13. The printer according to claim 1, wherein the retaining means suitable for maintaining the substrate adherent and fixed with respect to the conveyor belt comprise a vacuum system. 14. The printer according to claim 13 wherein the vacuum system comprises a vacuum box comprising an openwork wall constituting the stationary support plane. 15. The printer according to claim 5, wherein the central adjusting assembly is placed outside the vacuum box, between the cross beams and a central portion of the vacuum box. | The invention relates to an ink-jet printer including: a support structure including two side walls; a transfer apparatus slidable for advancing the substrate in a direction x, the transfer apparatus comprising a conveyor belt and a stationary support plane; a print device including a print head operating along a direction y, perpendicular to the direction x; retaining means for maintaining the substrate adhering to the conveyor belt; and adjusting means of the transfer apparatus. The support plane includes two side ends which rest on the side walls. The adjusting means of the transfer apparatus include at least one side adjusting assembly positioned between a side wall and the respective side end of the support plane.1. An ink jet printer for printing a substrate in textile, paper, polymeric or other material, the printer comprising:
a support structure comprising two side; a transfer apparatus slidable for advancing the substrate in an advancement direction, the transfer apparatus comprising a conveyor belt and a stationary support plane, wherein the conveyor belt comprises an outer surface intended to contact the substrate and an inner surface intended to contact the stationary support plane; a print device arranged in proximity of the outer surface of the conveyor belt and comprising a print head operating along a print direction perpendicular to the advancement direction; retaining means suitable for maintaining the substrate adherent and fixed with respect to the conveyor belt; means for adjusting the transfer apparatus; wherein: the stationary support plane comprises two side ends; and the side ends of the stationary support plane rest on the side walls of the support structure; the printer being characterized in that the adjusting means of the transfer apparatus comprise at least a side adjusting assembly placed between one of the side walls and the respective side end of the stationary support plane. 2. The printer according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting means of the transfer apparatus comprise two side adjusting assemblies each of them being placed between one of the side walls and the respective side end of the stationary support plane. 3. The printer according to claim 1, wherein the at least one side adjusting assembly is suitable for imposing to the side end of the stationary support plane a translation movement in an adjusting direction, perpendicular to a print plane containing said advancement direction and said print direction. 4. The printer according to on claim 1, wherein the at least one side adjusting assembly is suitable for imposing to the side end of the stationary support plane a rotation movement around the print direction. 5. The printer according to claim 1, wherein the support structure further comprises a cross beam extending between the two side walls; and wherein the adjusting means of the transfer apparatus comprise a central adjusting assembly placed between the cross beam and a central portion of the stationary support plane. 6. The printer according to claim 5, wherein the central adjusting assembly is suitable for imposing to the central portion of the stationary support plane a translation movement in the adjusting direction, perpendicular to the print plane. 7. The printer according to one claim 3, wherein the adjusting means of the transfer apparatus comprise at least one surface inclined with respect to the print plane fixed to the stationary support plane, and at least a movable wedge placed between the inclined surface and the support structure. 8. The printer according to claim 1, wherein the at least one side adjusting assembly comprises a pulling screw screwed in a threaded bore of the side wall of the support structure and a pushing screw axially abutting on a surface of the side wall. 9. The printer according to claim 8, wherein the pulling screw has an axis parallel to the adjusting direction and freely moves along a smooth through bore of the side end of the stationary support plane, and the pushing screw has an axis parallel to the adjusting direction and is screwed in a threaded bore of the side end. 10. The printer according to claim 7, wherein the pulling screw has an axis parallel to the print direction and freely moves along a smooth through bore of the movable wedge (641), and the pushing screw has an axis parallel to the print direction and is screwed in a threaded bore of the movable wedge. 11. The printer according to claim 1, wherein the at least one side adjusting assembly comprises a front side adjusting sub-assembly and a rear side adjusting sub-assembly, spaced the one from the other along the advancement direction. 12. The printer according to claim 1, wherein:
the side wall of the support structure defines an abutment; the side adjusting assembly is suitable for imposing a roto-translation movement to the abutment; and the side end of the stationary support plane rests on the abutment 13. The printer according to claim 1, wherein the retaining means suitable for maintaining the substrate adherent and fixed with respect to the conveyor belt comprise a vacuum system. 14. The printer according to claim 13 wherein the vacuum system comprises a vacuum box comprising an openwork wall constituting the stationary support plane. 15. The printer according to claim 5, wherein the central adjusting assembly is placed outside the vacuum box, between the cross beams and a central portion of the vacuum box. | 2,800 |
340,740 | 16,642,188 | 2,829 | The invention relates to a method for producing terpene aldehydes and terpene ketones by oxidatively dehydrogenating the corresponding terpene alcohols, comprising or consisting of the following steps: (a) providing terpene alcohols or terpene-alcohol-containing reactants; (b) bringing the starting substances from step (a) in contact with a heterogeneous ruthenium catalyst; (c) heating the mixture from step (b) to at least 150° C. in the presence of oxygen; optionally (d) separating the terpene aldehydes or terpene ketones from the obtained reaction mixture. | 1. A method for producing terpene aldehydes and terpene ketones by oxidative dehydrogenation of the corresponding terpene alcohols, the method comprising:
bringing starting materials comprising terpene alcohols or terpene alcohol-containing reactants into contact with a heterogeneous ruthenium catalyst to form a mixture; heating the mixture to at least 150° C. in the presence of oxygen to form a reaction mixture; and optionally separating the terpene aldehydes or terpene ketones from the resulting reaction mixture. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the starting materials comprise menthol. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heterogeneous ruthenium catalyst comprises one or more metal oxides. 4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the one or more metal oxides are selected from the group comprising cerium oxides, copper oxides, iron oxides, manganese oxides, cobalt oxides, molybdenum oxides, silver oxides, and mixtures thereof. 5. The method as claimed in claim 3 wherein the one or more metal oxides are selected from the group comprising CeO2, CuO, Cu2O, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, MnO, MnO2, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, Co3O4, CoO, MoO3, AgO, Ag2O, and mixtures thereof. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heterogeneous ruthenium catalyst comprises catalytically active species that are applied to a support material. 7. The method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the support material is also catalytically active. 8. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the support material is an oxidic support material. 9. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the support material is selected from the group comprising cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, silica, iron oxide, manganese oxide, niobium oxide, aluminosilicate, hydrotalcite, hydroxyapatite, and mixtures thereof. 10. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the support material comprises activated carbon. 11. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein a concentration of ruthenium on the support material is between approximately 0.1 and approximately 10% by weight. 12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a reaction to form the reaction mixture is carried out at a temperature in the range of 150 to approximately 350° C. 13. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a reaction to form the reaction mixture is carried out in a reactor through which a gas stream flows continuously, said gas stream comprising at least one terpene alcohol and an oxygen-containing gas and optionally an inert gas when entering the reactor. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the oxygen-containing gas comprises at least 0.1% by volume oxygen, based on the total volume of the oxygen-containing gas, determined at 20° C. and 1013.25 hPa. 15. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein
(i) the flow rate of the gas stream based on the volume of the heterogeneous catalyst (gas hourly space velocity GHSV) is about 100 h−1 to about 5000 h−1, and/or (ii) the concentration of terpene alcohol in the gas stream entering the reactor is about 1 mol % to about 15 mol %. 16. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein
(i) the flow rate of the gas stream based on the volume of the heterogeneous catalyst (gas hourly space velocity GHSV) is about 200 h−1 to about 1000 h−1, and/or (ii) the concentration of terpene alcohol in the gas stream entering the reactor is about 3 mol % to about 10 mol %. 17. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein a concentration of ruthenium on the support material is between approximately 0.5 and approximately 5% by weight. 18. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a reaction to form the reaction mixture is carried out at a temperature in the range of approximately 180 to approximately 320° C. 19. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a reaction to form the reaction mixture is carried out at a temperature in the range of approximately 250 to approximately 300° C. | The invention relates to a method for producing terpene aldehydes and terpene ketones by oxidatively dehydrogenating the corresponding terpene alcohols, comprising or consisting of the following steps: (a) providing terpene alcohols or terpene-alcohol-containing reactants; (b) bringing the starting substances from step (a) in contact with a heterogeneous ruthenium catalyst; (c) heating the mixture from step (b) to at least 150° C. in the presence of oxygen; optionally (d) separating the terpene aldehydes or terpene ketones from the obtained reaction mixture.1. A method for producing terpene aldehydes and terpene ketones by oxidative dehydrogenation of the corresponding terpene alcohols, the method comprising:
bringing starting materials comprising terpene alcohols or terpene alcohol-containing reactants into contact with a heterogeneous ruthenium catalyst to form a mixture; heating the mixture to at least 150° C. in the presence of oxygen to form a reaction mixture; and optionally separating the terpene aldehydes or terpene ketones from the resulting reaction mixture. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the starting materials comprise menthol. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heterogeneous ruthenium catalyst comprises one or more metal oxides. 4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the one or more metal oxides are selected from the group comprising cerium oxides, copper oxides, iron oxides, manganese oxides, cobalt oxides, molybdenum oxides, silver oxides, and mixtures thereof. 5. The method as claimed in claim 3 wherein the one or more metal oxides are selected from the group comprising CeO2, CuO, Cu2O, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, MnO, MnO2, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, Co3O4, CoO, MoO3, AgO, Ag2O, and mixtures thereof. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heterogeneous ruthenium catalyst comprises catalytically active species that are applied to a support material. 7. The method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the support material is also catalytically active. 8. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the support material is an oxidic support material. 9. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the support material is selected from the group comprising cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, silica, iron oxide, manganese oxide, niobium oxide, aluminosilicate, hydrotalcite, hydroxyapatite, and mixtures thereof. 10. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the support material comprises activated carbon. 11. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein a concentration of ruthenium on the support material is between approximately 0.1 and approximately 10% by weight. 12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a reaction to form the reaction mixture is carried out at a temperature in the range of 150 to approximately 350° C. 13. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a reaction to form the reaction mixture is carried out in a reactor through which a gas stream flows continuously, said gas stream comprising at least one terpene alcohol and an oxygen-containing gas and optionally an inert gas when entering the reactor. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the oxygen-containing gas comprises at least 0.1% by volume oxygen, based on the total volume of the oxygen-containing gas, determined at 20° C. and 1013.25 hPa. 15. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein
(i) the flow rate of the gas stream based on the volume of the heterogeneous catalyst (gas hourly space velocity GHSV) is about 100 h−1 to about 5000 h−1, and/or (ii) the concentration of terpene alcohol in the gas stream entering the reactor is about 1 mol % to about 15 mol %. 16. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein
(i) the flow rate of the gas stream based on the volume of the heterogeneous catalyst (gas hourly space velocity GHSV) is about 200 h−1 to about 1000 h−1, and/or (ii) the concentration of terpene alcohol in the gas stream entering the reactor is about 3 mol % to about 10 mol %. 17. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein a concentration of ruthenium on the support material is between approximately 0.5 and approximately 5% by weight. 18. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a reaction to form the reaction mixture is carried out at a temperature in the range of approximately 180 to approximately 320° C. 19. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a reaction to form the reaction mixture is carried out at a temperature in the range of approximately 250 to approximately 300° C. | 2,800 |
340,741 | 16,642,199 | 3,723 | Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a heated support pedestal including a body comprising a ceramic material, a support arm extending radially outward from a periphery of the body that is coupled to a shaft, and a vacuum conduit disposed within the shaft and through the body to connect with a surface of the body. | 1. A heated support pedestal, comprising:
body comprising a ceramic material; an off axis shaft coupled to the body by a support arm; a support assembly coupled to the body by an annular spacer; and a vacuum conduit disposed within the shaft and through the body and the support arm to connect with a surface of the support assembly at a vacuum passage formed in a center of the support assembly. 2. The support pedestal of claim 1, wherein the body includes a plurality of slots formed therein, and each of the slots are aligned along a radially inward direction from a periphery of the body. 3. The support pedestal of claim 1, wherein the body includes a channel for a temperature probe. 4. The support pedestal of claim 1, wherein an adapter is coupled to the shaft. 5. The support pedestal of claim 4, wherein the adapter comprises an aluminum material. 6. The support pedestal of claim 1, wherein the support arm comprises a metallic material. 7. The support pedestal of claim 1, wherein p ceramic ring is Positioned about the periphery of the annular spacer. 8. The support pedestal of claim 7, wherein the annular spacer is coupled to a ring-shaped member. 9. The support pedestal of claim 8, wherein a paddle-shaped plate is coupled to the ring-shaped member to form a sealed volume bounded by the ring-shaped member and the annular spacer and between the body and the paddle-shaped plate. 10. A load lock chamber, comprising:
a chamber body defining a first chamber volume and a second chamber volume isolated from the first chamber volume; a heated support pedestal disposed in the second chamber volume, wherein the heated support pedestal comprises:
a body comprising a ceramic material;
a support arm extending radially outward from a periphery of the body that is coupled to a shaft; and
a vacuum conduit disposed within the shaft and through the body at a vacuum passage formed in a center of the body to connect with a groove pattern formed in a surface of the body; and
a remote plasma source connected to the second chamber volume for supplying a plasma to the second chamber volume. 11. The load lock chamber of claim 1, wherein the heated support pedestal further comprises an adapter coupled to the shaft. 12. The load lock chamber of claim 11, wherein the adapter comprises an aluminum material. 13. The load lock chamber of claim 10, wherein the heated support pedestal further includes a channel for a temperature probe. 14. The load lock chamber of claim 10, wherein the heated support pedestal further includes a plurality of slots formed therein, and each of the slots are aligned along a radially inward direction from a periphery of the body. 15. A heated support pedestal, comprising:
a body comprising a ceramic material; a support arm coupled to the body by an annular spacer, the support arm extending radially outward from a periphery of the body that is coupled to an off axis shaft that is coupled to the support arm; a support assembly coupled to the body; and a vacuum conduit disposed within the shaft and through the body and the support arm to connect with a surface of the body, wherein the body includes a channel for a temperature probe. 16. The heated support pedestal of claim 15, further comprising an adapter coupled to the shaft. 17. The heated support pedestal of claim 16, wherein the adapter comprises an aluminum material. 18. The heated support pedestal of claim 15, wherein the heated support pedestal further includes a channel for a temperature probe. 19. The heated support pedestal of claim 15, wherein the body includes a plurality of slots formed therein. 20. The heated support pedestal of claim 19, wherein each of the slots are aligned along a radially inward direction from a periphery of the body. | Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a heated support pedestal including a body comprising a ceramic material, a support arm extending radially outward from a periphery of the body that is coupled to a shaft, and a vacuum conduit disposed within the shaft and through the body to connect with a surface of the body.1. A heated support pedestal, comprising:
body comprising a ceramic material; an off axis shaft coupled to the body by a support arm; a support assembly coupled to the body by an annular spacer; and a vacuum conduit disposed within the shaft and through the body and the support arm to connect with a surface of the support assembly at a vacuum passage formed in a center of the support assembly. 2. The support pedestal of claim 1, wherein the body includes a plurality of slots formed therein, and each of the slots are aligned along a radially inward direction from a periphery of the body. 3. The support pedestal of claim 1, wherein the body includes a channel for a temperature probe. 4. The support pedestal of claim 1, wherein an adapter is coupled to the shaft. 5. The support pedestal of claim 4, wherein the adapter comprises an aluminum material. 6. The support pedestal of claim 1, wherein the support arm comprises a metallic material. 7. The support pedestal of claim 1, wherein p ceramic ring is Positioned about the periphery of the annular spacer. 8. The support pedestal of claim 7, wherein the annular spacer is coupled to a ring-shaped member. 9. The support pedestal of claim 8, wherein a paddle-shaped plate is coupled to the ring-shaped member to form a sealed volume bounded by the ring-shaped member and the annular spacer and between the body and the paddle-shaped plate. 10. A load lock chamber, comprising:
a chamber body defining a first chamber volume and a second chamber volume isolated from the first chamber volume; a heated support pedestal disposed in the second chamber volume, wherein the heated support pedestal comprises:
a body comprising a ceramic material;
a support arm extending radially outward from a periphery of the body that is coupled to a shaft; and
a vacuum conduit disposed within the shaft and through the body at a vacuum passage formed in a center of the body to connect with a groove pattern formed in a surface of the body; and
a remote plasma source connected to the second chamber volume for supplying a plasma to the second chamber volume. 11. The load lock chamber of claim 1, wherein the heated support pedestal further comprises an adapter coupled to the shaft. 12. The load lock chamber of claim 11, wherein the adapter comprises an aluminum material. 13. The load lock chamber of claim 10, wherein the heated support pedestal further includes a channel for a temperature probe. 14. The load lock chamber of claim 10, wherein the heated support pedestal further includes a plurality of slots formed therein, and each of the slots are aligned along a radially inward direction from a periphery of the body. 15. A heated support pedestal, comprising:
a body comprising a ceramic material; a support arm coupled to the body by an annular spacer, the support arm extending radially outward from a periphery of the body that is coupled to an off axis shaft that is coupled to the support arm; a support assembly coupled to the body; and a vacuum conduit disposed within the shaft and through the body and the support arm to connect with a surface of the body, wherein the body includes a channel for a temperature probe. 16. The heated support pedestal of claim 15, further comprising an adapter coupled to the shaft. 17. The heated support pedestal of claim 16, wherein the adapter comprises an aluminum material. 18. The heated support pedestal of claim 15, wherein the heated support pedestal further includes a channel for a temperature probe. 19. The heated support pedestal of claim 15, wherein the body includes a plurality of slots formed therein. 20. The heated support pedestal of claim 19, wherein each of the slots are aligned along a radially inward direction from a periphery of the body. | 3,700 |
340,742 | 16,642,198 | 3,723 | An applicator for applying a product to keratinous materials, in particular keratinous fibers, notably the eyelashes, the eyebrows and/or the capillary fibers. The applicator including an application member for applying the product on the keratinous materials, in particular the keratinous fibers, notably the eyelashes, the eyebrows and/or the capillary fibers, an a trough at least partially surrounding the application member, when the applicator is viewed in cross section, over an angular extent greater than 60°. | 1. An applicator for applying a product to keratinous materials, comprising:
an application member for applying the product on the keratinous materials, and a trough at least partially surrounding the application member, when the applicator is viewed in cross section, over an angular extent greater than 60°, the application member and the trough being configured in such a way that there is no sliding of the application member with respect to the trough. 2. The applicator as claimed in claim 1, in which the angular extent of the trough, when the applicator is viewed in cross section, is less than 320°. 3. The applicator as claimed in claim 1, in which the trough has an outer surface free of any projecting relief. 4. The applicator as claimed in claim 1, in which the application member is at least partially compressed in the trough. 5. The applicator as claimed in claim 1, in which the trough extends over most of the length of the application member, when the applicator is viewed from the side. 6. The applicator as claimed in claim 1, in which the trough has two longitudinal edges which are in contact with the application member. 7. The applicator as claimed in claim 6, in which the longitudinal edges of the trough place pressure on the application member. 8. The applicator as claimed in claim 1, in which the trough has a snap-fastening tab at its proximal end, in order to allow it to be snap-fastened onto the rest of the applicator. 9. The applicator as claimed in claim 1, in which the application member has a brush, notably a brush having a core, which extends along a longitudinal axis, and bristles which are held by the core in a portion of the latter. 10. The applicator as claimed in claim 9, in which the bristles of the brush have free ends defining an envelope surface, the envelope surface having a shape chosen from the following list: cylindrical, non-cylindrical, peanut shape, kidney shape, rugby ball shape, truncated cone shape. 11. The applicator as claimed in claim 1, in which at least one longitudinal edge of the trough is non-rectilinear. 12. The applicator as claimed in claim 1, in which the application member comprises a block of porous material. 13. A packaging and application device, comprising:
a container containing a product to be applied, an applicator as claimed in claim 1. 14. A method for making up the eyelashes or eyebrows, in which the application member of the applicator as claimed in claim 1 is used to apply the product to the eyelashes or the eyebrows, by orienting the application member toward the eyelashes or eyebrows and orienting the trough opposite thereto, toward the eyeball. 15. A method for assembling an applicator as claimed in claim 1, in which the application member is inserted into the trough. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the distal end of the application member is first of all inserted into the trough before inserting the proximal end of the application member into the trough. | An applicator for applying a product to keratinous materials, in particular keratinous fibers, notably the eyelashes, the eyebrows and/or the capillary fibers. The applicator including an application member for applying the product on the keratinous materials, in particular the keratinous fibers, notably the eyelashes, the eyebrows and/or the capillary fibers, an a trough at least partially surrounding the application member, when the applicator is viewed in cross section, over an angular extent greater than 60°.1. An applicator for applying a product to keratinous materials, comprising:
an application member for applying the product on the keratinous materials, and a trough at least partially surrounding the application member, when the applicator is viewed in cross section, over an angular extent greater than 60°, the application member and the trough being configured in such a way that there is no sliding of the application member with respect to the trough. 2. The applicator as claimed in claim 1, in which the angular extent of the trough, when the applicator is viewed in cross section, is less than 320°. 3. The applicator as claimed in claim 1, in which the trough has an outer surface free of any projecting relief. 4. The applicator as claimed in claim 1, in which the application member is at least partially compressed in the trough. 5. The applicator as claimed in claim 1, in which the trough extends over most of the length of the application member, when the applicator is viewed from the side. 6. The applicator as claimed in claim 1, in which the trough has two longitudinal edges which are in contact with the application member. 7. The applicator as claimed in claim 6, in which the longitudinal edges of the trough place pressure on the application member. 8. The applicator as claimed in claim 1, in which the trough has a snap-fastening tab at its proximal end, in order to allow it to be snap-fastened onto the rest of the applicator. 9. The applicator as claimed in claim 1, in which the application member has a brush, notably a brush having a core, which extends along a longitudinal axis, and bristles which are held by the core in a portion of the latter. 10. The applicator as claimed in claim 9, in which the bristles of the brush have free ends defining an envelope surface, the envelope surface having a shape chosen from the following list: cylindrical, non-cylindrical, peanut shape, kidney shape, rugby ball shape, truncated cone shape. 11. The applicator as claimed in claim 1, in which at least one longitudinal edge of the trough is non-rectilinear. 12. The applicator as claimed in claim 1, in which the application member comprises a block of porous material. 13. A packaging and application device, comprising:
a container containing a product to be applied, an applicator as claimed in claim 1. 14. A method for making up the eyelashes or eyebrows, in which the application member of the applicator as claimed in claim 1 is used to apply the product to the eyelashes or the eyebrows, by orienting the application member toward the eyelashes or eyebrows and orienting the trough opposite thereto, toward the eyeball. 15. A method for assembling an applicator as claimed in claim 1, in which the application member is inserted into the trough. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the distal end of the application member is first of all inserted into the trough before inserting the proximal end of the application member into the trough. | 3,700 |
340,743 | 16,642,217 | 1,759 | Systems and methods are disclosed for use in the separation of chiral compounds, and enantiomers in particular. The system comprises a cavity (110) for containing a fluid mixture that comprises one or more types of chiral molecules, which may also include enantiomers, and at least one ferromagnetic or paramagnetic substrate (120) providing at least one interface (130) with said fluid mixture. The substrate (120) is magnetized providing a magnetic field Bz perpendicular to said ferromagnetic or paramagnetic interface (130), thereby providing a variation in the interaction energy of chiral molecules of different handedness, aka. enantiomers, with said substrate (120). | 1. A system for use in separation of chiral compounds to corresponding enantiomers, the system comprising:
(a) a cavity configured for containing fluid mixture that comprising one or more types of chiral molecules; (b) at least one ferromagnetic or paramagnetic substrate providing at least one surface interface with said fluid mixture; wherein said at least one ferromagnetic or paramagnetic substrate is magnetized providing magnetization direction perpendicular to a surface of said at least one surface interface thereby providing variation in interaction energy between different enantiomers and said surface varying interaction properties therebetween. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein said cavity is in the form of a column allowing flow of the fluid mixture, said at least one surface interface is positioned along one or more regions of said column. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein said at least one ferromagnetic or paramagnetic surface is positioned along one or more regions of said column being perpendicular to flow direction in the column. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein flow rate of chiral molecules within the fluid mixture being affected by interaction variations with said ferromagnetic or paramagnetic interface, said interaction being associated with spin polarization formed by temporary adsorption of the chiral molecules onto said at least one surface. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein said at least one ferromagnetic or paramagnetic substrate comprises ferromagnetic or paramagnetic layer providing an interface with said fluid mixture on an interface perpendicular to direction of magnetization thereof. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein said at least one ferromagnetic or paramagnetic substrate comprises one or more ferromagnetic or paramagnetic particles providing one or more corresponding interfaces with said fluid mixture. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein said one or more ferromagnetic or paramagnetic particles comprise a non-magnetic layer applied on one surface thereon thereby providing selected magnetic pole interfacing with said fluid mixture. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein said particles are attached in groups to two or more particles, said two or more particles of a group being attached at non-magnetic end thereof, thereby providing effectively magnetic monopole particles. 9. The system of claim 6, wherein said cavity comprises a matrix holding said particles in place within said cavity. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein said matrix is in the form of a grid positioned perpendicular to flow direction in the column. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein said particles on said grid are aligned with ferromagnetic or paramagnetic layer thereof directed against flow through the column. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein said one or more ferromagnetic or paramagnetic substrates are one or more paramagnetic substrates, the system furthers comprising a magnetic field generator applying magnetic field onto the cavity to thereby magnetize said one or more paramagnetic substrates. 13. (canceled) 14. The system of claim 1, further comprising an electrode arrangement comprising at least first and second electrodes located on at least first and second opposing sides of the column, said first and second electrodes apply electric field applied on said fluid mixture perpendicular to the flow direction, in the channel. 15. (canceled) 16. The system of claim 14, wherein said electrode arrangement is configured with said at least first and second electrodes located perpendicular to material flow through the column. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein said at least first and second electrodes are of different dimension at least in one dimension thereof, thereby providing electric gradient, said electric field gradient is larger at vicinity of said at least one ferromagnetic or paramagnetic substrate as compared to distant regions of the cavity. 18-26. (canceled) 27. A method for separating chiral molecules to corresponding enantiomers, the method comprising providing a fluid mixture comprising enantiomers of at least one type of chiral molecules, providing a substrate having magnetization in direction perpendicular to surface of the substrate being up or down with respect to the surface, flowing said mixture onto of said substrate for a given time period to allow molecules of the mixture to interact with said surface, thereby at least partially separating between enantiomers of said at least one type of chiral molecules. 28-29. (canceled) 30. The method of claim 27, further comprising applying electric field in direction perpendicular to said surface thereby increasing charge polarization of molecules in said fluid mixture. 31. The method of claim 27, comprising providing a plurality of substrates having magnetization in similar direction perpendicular to surface of the substrate being up or down with respect to the surface, and flowing said mixture onto said substrates one by one to thereby allow molecules of one type of enantiomer to interact on said substrate. 32. The method of claim 27, comprising flowing said fluid mixture in a channel having at least one region of interface with said substrate, thereby providing variation in flow rate for the different enantiomers of said at least one type of chiral molecules. 33. A system for separating chiral molecules, the system comprising a column configured for passing material flow, said column comprises at least one region comprising magnetic interface region interfacing with material flow through said column; said interface region being magnetized at direction perpendicular to said interface thereby introducing variation in adsorption energy between different enantiomers of chiral molecules and said interface. 34-50. (canceled) | Systems and methods are disclosed for use in the separation of chiral compounds, and enantiomers in particular. The system comprises a cavity (110) for containing a fluid mixture that comprises one or more types of chiral molecules, which may also include enantiomers, and at least one ferromagnetic or paramagnetic substrate (120) providing at least one interface (130) with said fluid mixture. The substrate (120) is magnetized providing a magnetic field Bz perpendicular to said ferromagnetic or paramagnetic interface (130), thereby providing a variation in the interaction energy of chiral molecules of different handedness, aka. enantiomers, with said substrate (120).1. A system for use in separation of chiral compounds to corresponding enantiomers, the system comprising:
(a) a cavity configured for containing fluid mixture that comprising one or more types of chiral molecules; (b) at least one ferromagnetic or paramagnetic substrate providing at least one surface interface with said fluid mixture; wherein said at least one ferromagnetic or paramagnetic substrate is magnetized providing magnetization direction perpendicular to a surface of said at least one surface interface thereby providing variation in interaction energy between different enantiomers and said surface varying interaction properties therebetween. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein said cavity is in the form of a column allowing flow of the fluid mixture, said at least one surface interface is positioned along one or more regions of said column. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein said at least one ferromagnetic or paramagnetic surface is positioned along one or more regions of said column being perpendicular to flow direction in the column. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein flow rate of chiral molecules within the fluid mixture being affected by interaction variations with said ferromagnetic or paramagnetic interface, said interaction being associated with spin polarization formed by temporary adsorption of the chiral molecules onto said at least one surface. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein said at least one ferromagnetic or paramagnetic substrate comprises ferromagnetic or paramagnetic layer providing an interface with said fluid mixture on an interface perpendicular to direction of magnetization thereof. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein said at least one ferromagnetic or paramagnetic substrate comprises one or more ferromagnetic or paramagnetic particles providing one or more corresponding interfaces with said fluid mixture. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein said one or more ferromagnetic or paramagnetic particles comprise a non-magnetic layer applied on one surface thereon thereby providing selected magnetic pole interfacing with said fluid mixture. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein said particles are attached in groups to two or more particles, said two or more particles of a group being attached at non-magnetic end thereof, thereby providing effectively magnetic monopole particles. 9. The system of claim 6, wherein said cavity comprises a matrix holding said particles in place within said cavity. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein said matrix is in the form of a grid positioned perpendicular to flow direction in the column. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein said particles on said grid are aligned with ferromagnetic or paramagnetic layer thereof directed against flow through the column. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein said one or more ferromagnetic or paramagnetic substrates are one or more paramagnetic substrates, the system furthers comprising a magnetic field generator applying magnetic field onto the cavity to thereby magnetize said one or more paramagnetic substrates. 13. (canceled) 14. The system of claim 1, further comprising an electrode arrangement comprising at least first and second electrodes located on at least first and second opposing sides of the column, said first and second electrodes apply electric field applied on said fluid mixture perpendicular to the flow direction, in the channel. 15. (canceled) 16. The system of claim 14, wherein said electrode arrangement is configured with said at least first and second electrodes located perpendicular to material flow through the column. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein said at least first and second electrodes are of different dimension at least in one dimension thereof, thereby providing electric gradient, said electric field gradient is larger at vicinity of said at least one ferromagnetic or paramagnetic substrate as compared to distant regions of the cavity. 18-26. (canceled) 27. A method for separating chiral molecules to corresponding enantiomers, the method comprising providing a fluid mixture comprising enantiomers of at least one type of chiral molecules, providing a substrate having magnetization in direction perpendicular to surface of the substrate being up or down with respect to the surface, flowing said mixture onto of said substrate for a given time period to allow molecules of the mixture to interact with said surface, thereby at least partially separating between enantiomers of said at least one type of chiral molecules. 28-29. (canceled) 30. The method of claim 27, further comprising applying electric field in direction perpendicular to said surface thereby increasing charge polarization of molecules in said fluid mixture. 31. The method of claim 27, comprising providing a plurality of substrates having magnetization in similar direction perpendicular to surface of the substrate being up or down with respect to the surface, and flowing said mixture onto said substrates one by one to thereby allow molecules of one type of enantiomer to interact on said substrate. 32. The method of claim 27, comprising flowing said fluid mixture in a channel having at least one region of interface with said substrate, thereby providing variation in flow rate for the different enantiomers of said at least one type of chiral molecules. 33. A system for separating chiral molecules, the system comprising a column configured for passing material flow, said column comprises at least one region comprising magnetic interface region interfacing with material flow through said column; said interface region being magnetized at direction perpendicular to said interface thereby introducing variation in adsorption energy between different enantiomers of chiral molecules and said interface. 34-50. (canceled) | 1,700 |
340,744 | 16,642,247 | 1,759 | A transfer device raises batteries of flat boxes inside a carton so that one battery at a time is in a waiting position beyond an open upper face of the carton at an inlet line of a boxing machine. A frame is predisposed to translate above the positioning station and the inlet line between a first position above the waiting position and a second position above the inlet line. Grippers on the frame both grip and retain a box battery at two ends thereof and release the battery. The grippers are activated, with the frame in the first position, to grip and retain the battery of boxes at its two ends and, with the frame in the second position, to release the battery into the inlet line. | 1. A transfer device for transferring flat boxes contained internally of a carton to an inlet line of a boxing machine, comprising:
a positioning station of a carton, for receiving a carton with a relative upper face open and internally containing flat boxes which are predisposed, neared and flanked to one another, to form batteries of boxes which are arranged one above another internally of the carton and each contained internally of a relative containing flap, the positioning station being predisposed with respect to the inlet line of the boxing machine so as to receive the carton and to halt the carton in a halted position with a relative transversal wall facing towards the inlet line and with the open upper face in front of and substantially at a same level as a start of an inlet line; raising means, associated to the positioning station of the carton, which are configured and predisposed so as, time by time, to raise the batteries of boxes present internally of the carton so that a battery of boxes at a time is positioned in a waiting position beyond the open upper face of the carton in front of the start of the inlet line of the boxing machine; a frame predisposed so as to be activatable in translation above the positioning station of the carton and the inlet line of the boxing machine between a first position, wherein the frame is situated above the waiting position in which the raising means time by time raise a battery of boxes beyond the open upper face of the carton, and a second position in which the frame is situated above the inlet line of the boxing machine; gripping means mounted and predisposed on the frame so as to be activatable both for gripping and retaining a battery of boxes at the two ends thereof and for releasing the battery of boxes, the gripping means are predisposed on the frame in such a way that, when the frame is in the first position above the waiting position, to be activatable for gripping and retaining the battery of boxes at the two ends thereof, once the battery of boxes is raised by the raising means into the waiting position, and are also predisposed in such a way, when the frame is in the second position above the inlet line, as to be activated for releasing the battery of boxes into the inlet line. 2. The transfer device of claim 1, wherein the gripping means (31, 32) comprise a front gripping member and a rear gripping member, the front gripping member being provided for gripping and retaining the battery of boxes at a first end thereof proximal to the inlet line and the rear gripping member being provided for gripping and retaining the battery of boxes at a second end thereof distal to the inlet line, wherein the rear gripping member is predisposed on the frame so as to be translatable both distancingly and nearingly with respect to the front gripping member so as to be able to increase or reduce the reciprocal distance thereof so that, when the frame is translated into the first position, the rear gripping member is first translatable distancingly with respect to the front gripping member so as to distance therefrom by a greater distance than a length of the batteries of boxes present in the carton in such a way that, when a battery of boxes is raised by the raising means into the waiting position, the battery of boxes is situated between the rear gripping member and the front gripping member, and thereafter the rear gripping member is translatable nearingly to the front gripping member so as to reduce the reciprocal distance thereof in order to grip and block the battery of boxes to one another and maintain the battery of boxes stably during the following translation of the frame from the first position to the second position above the inlet line. 3. The transfer device of claim 2, wherein the front gripping member is predisposed on the frame in such a way as to be raisable and lowerable with respect to the frame, so that when the frame is translated into the second position in order to transfer the battery of boxes retained between the rear gripping member and the front gripping member at the inlet line, the front gripping member is raised so as to be able to release the first end of the battery of boxes in order to enable a following advancement of the battery of boxes along the inlet line. 4. The transfer device of claim 3, further comprising a stabilising bar, predisposed on the frame in such a way as to be arranged between the front gripping member and the rear gripping member, the stabilising bar being predisposed on the frame in such a way as to be movable between a raised position and a lowered position, the stabilising bar being maintained in the raised position when the frame is in the first position and up to when the frame is translated into the second position in order to transfer the battery of boxes into the inlet line, and the stabilising bar, when the frame is in the second position, being lowered into the lowered position in order to abut the battery of boxes in the inlet line so that, when the front gripping member is raised, the stabilising bar maintains the boxes in position and compact with one another in the inlet line. 5. The transfer device of claim 4, wherein the front gripping member and the rear gripping member are constituted by plates having a lower portion that is fork-conformed and in that the stabilising bar is predisposed on the frame and has a length that is such as to insert, by the extremities thereof, between the forks of the lower portions of the plates of the gripping members. 6. The transfer device of claim 1, wherein the positioning station of the carton comprises a rest plane, conveying means of the carton for conveying the carton with the open upper face above the rest plane and maintaining means of the carton, for halting and keeping the carton halted on the rest plane in the halted position so that the raising means can raise the batteries of boxes with the carton maintained stably stationary on the rest plane. 7. The transfer device of claim 6, wherein the maintaining means of the carton comprise at least an abutting arm movable in rotation according to a vertical axis, activatable in rotation about the axis thereof in order to be arranged transversally with respect to the rest plane in order to constitute a stop abutment for halting the carton in the halted position on the rest plane. 8. The transfer device of claim 7, wherein the maintaining means of the carton further comprise suction means which are predisposed in a lowered position below the rest plane at special slots present in the rest plane, the suction means, once the carton has been halted in the halted position, being movable in a raised position in order to be positioned at the slots so as to abut the base wall of the carton and thus retain the carton in the halted position on the rest plane. 9. The transfer device of claim 6, further comprising stop elements of the cartons, situated on the rest plane upstream of the halted position in which a carton is halted by the maintaining means of the carton, predisposed to halt the cartons successively conveyed by the conveying means towards the rest plane while waiting for the carton stopped in the halted position to be completely emptied. 10. The transfer device of claim 1, further comprising abutting means of the containing flaps of the batteries of boxes, predisposed at the halted position of the carton, on the opposite side with respect to the inlet line, in a position such as to be able to abut and retain a tab of the containing flap of the battery of boxes which is raised by the raising means into the waiting position above the open upper face of the carton, the abutting means being movable, once the battery of boxes has been transferred to the inlet line of the boxing machine, so as to transport the containing flap to an unloading station. 11. The transfer device of claim 10, wherein the abutting means comprise a carriage movable along a sliding guide and suction gripping means mounted on the carriage. 12. A boxing machine for packing blister packs internally of relative boxes, comprising:
a transfer device according to claim 1, an inlet line in which flat boxes are to be positioned for the successive advancing of the flat boxes towards work stations for opening out the boxes to full volume, an infeed line of the blister packs which are to be inserted in the opened-out boxes, the infeed line being arranged flanked to the inlet line and having an extension and development that is greater than the inlet line, the infeed line being arranged parallel to the inlet line and at an elevated level with respect to the inlet line so as to identify an operating space upstream of the start of the inlet line below a section of the infeed line, the positioning station of the carton of the transfer device being arranged at the operating space and wherein the frame of the transfer device is predisposed in such a way as to be translatable parallel to the infeed line. 13. The boxing machine of claim 12, wherein the transfer device is positioned in the operating space in such a way that the rest plane of the positioning station of the carton is at a lower height than the infeed line and the conveying means of the positioning station, in order to convey the carton containing the batteries of boxes to the rest plane, are arranged transversally to the infeed line so as to convey the cartons on the rest plane in a transversal and perpendicular direction to the infeed line. 14. The boxing machine of claim 13, wherein the conveying means are predisposed and have an extension such as to transfer the carton, once emptied of the batteries of boxes, from the rest plane towards an unloading station, causing the empty carton to transit below and beyond the infeed line. | A transfer device raises batteries of flat boxes inside a carton so that one battery at a time is in a waiting position beyond an open upper face of the carton at an inlet line of a boxing machine. A frame is predisposed to translate above the positioning station and the inlet line between a first position above the waiting position and a second position above the inlet line. Grippers on the frame both grip and retain a box battery at two ends thereof and release the battery. The grippers are activated, with the frame in the first position, to grip and retain the battery of boxes at its two ends and, with the frame in the second position, to release the battery into the inlet line.1. A transfer device for transferring flat boxes contained internally of a carton to an inlet line of a boxing machine, comprising:
a positioning station of a carton, for receiving a carton with a relative upper face open and internally containing flat boxes which are predisposed, neared and flanked to one another, to form batteries of boxes which are arranged one above another internally of the carton and each contained internally of a relative containing flap, the positioning station being predisposed with respect to the inlet line of the boxing machine so as to receive the carton and to halt the carton in a halted position with a relative transversal wall facing towards the inlet line and with the open upper face in front of and substantially at a same level as a start of an inlet line; raising means, associated to the positioning station of the carton, which are configured and predisposed so as, time by time, to raise the batteries of boxes present internally of the carton so that a battery of boxes at a time is positioned in a waiting position beyond the open upper face of the carton in front of the start of the inlet line of the boxing machine; a frame predisposed so as to be activatable in translation above the positioning station of the carton and the inlet line of the boxing machine between a first position, wherein the frame is situated above the waiting position in which the raising means time by time raise a battery of boxes beyond the open upper face of the carton, and a second position in which the frame is situated above the inlet line of the boxing machine; gripping means mounted and predisposed on the frame so as to be activatable both for gripping and retaining a battery of boxes at the two ends thereof and for releasing the battery of boxes, the gripping means are predisposed on the frame in such a way that, when the frame is in the first position above the waiting position, to be activatable for gripping and retaining the battery of boxes at the two ends thereof, once the battery of boxes is raised by the raising means into the waiting position, and are also predisposed in such a way, when the frame is in the second position above the inlet line, as to be activated for releasing the battery of boxes into the inlet line. 2. The transfer device of claim 1, wherein the gripping means (31, 32) comprise a front gripping member and a rear gripping member, the front gripping member being provided for gripping and retaining the battery of boxes at a first end thereof proximal to the inlet line and the rear gripping member being provided for gripping and retaining the battery of boxes at a second end thereof distal to the inlet line, wherein the rear gripping member is predisposed on the frame so as to be translatable both distancingly and nearingly with respect to the front gripping member so as to be able to increase or reduce the reciprocal distance thereof so that, when the frame is translated into the first position, the rear gripping member is first translatable distancingly with respect to the front gripping member so as to distance therefrom by a greater distance than a length of the batteries of boxes present in the carton in such a way that, when a battery of boxes is raised by the raising means into the waiting position, the battery of boxes is situated between the rear gripping member and the front gripping member, and thereafter the rear gripping member is translatable nearingly to the front gripping member so as to reduce the reciprocal distance thereof in order to grip and block the battery of boxes to one another and maintain the battery of boxes stably during the following translation of the frame from the first position to the second position above the inlet line. 3. The transfer device of claim 2, wherein the front gripping member is predisposed on the frame in such a way as to be raisable and lowerable with respect to the frame, so that when the frame is translated into the second position in order to transfer the battery of boxes retained between the rear gripping member and the front gripping member at the inlet line, the front gripping member is raised so as to be able to release the first end of the battery of boxes in order to enable a following advancement of the battery of boxes along the inlet line. 4. The transfer device of claim 3, further comprising a stabilising bar, predisposed on the frame in such a way as to be arranged between the front gripping member and the rear gripping member, the stabilising bar being predisposed on the frame in such a way as to be movable between a raised position and a lowered position, the stabilising bar being maintained in the raised position when the frame is in the first position and up to when the frame is translated into the second position in order to transfer the battery of boxes into the inlet line, and the stabilising bar, when the frame is in the second position, being lowered into the lowered position in order to abut the battery of boxes in the inlet line so that, when the front gripping member is raised, the stabilising bar maintains the boxes in position and compact with one another in the inlet line. 5. The transfer device of claim 4, wherein the front gripping member and the rear gripping member are constituted by plates having a lower portion that is fork-conformed and in that the stabilising bar is predisposed on the frame and has a length that is such as to insert, by the extremities thereof, between the forks of the lower portions of the plates of the gripping members. 6. The transfer device of claim 1, wherein the positioning station of the carton comprises a rest plane, conveying means of the carton for conveying the carton with the open upper face above the rest plane and maintaining means of the carton, for halting and keeping the carton halted on the rest plane in the halted position so that the raising means can raise the batteries of boxes with the carton maintained stably stationary on the rest plane. 7. The transfer device of claim 6, wherein the maintaining means of the carton comprise at least an abutting arm movable in rotation according to a vertical axis, activatable in rotation about the axis thereof in order to be arranged transversally with respect to the rest plane in order to constitute a stop abutment for halting the carton in the halted position on the rest plane. 8. The transfer device of claim 7, wherein the maintaining means of the carton further comprise suction means which are predisposed in a lowered position below the rest plane at special slots present in the rest plane, the suction means, once the carton has been halted in the halted position, being movable in a raised position in order to be positioned at the slots so as to abut the base wall of the carton and thus retain the carton in the halted position on the rest plane. 9. The transfer device of claim 6, further comprising stop elements of the cartons, situated on the rest plane upstream of the halted position in which a carton is halted by the maintaining means of the carton, predisposed to halt the cartons successively conveyed by the conveying means towards the rest plane while waiting for the carton stopped in the halted position to be completely emptied. 10. The transfer device of claim 1, further comprising abutting means of the containing flaps of the batteries of boxes, predisposed at the halted position of the carton, on the opposite side with respect to the inlet line, in a position such as to be able to abut and retain a tab of the containing flap of the battery of boxes which is raised by the raising means into the waiting position above the open upper face of the carton, the abutting means being movable, once the battery of boxes has been transferred to the inlet line of the boxing machine, so as to transport the containing flap to an unloading station. 11. The transfer device of claim 10, wherein the abutting means comprise a carriage movable along a sliding guide and suction gripping means mounted on the carriage. 12. A boxing machine for packing blister packs internally of relative boxes, comprising:
a transfer device according to claim 1, an inlet line in which flat boxes are to be positioned for the successive advancing of the flat boxes towards work stations for opening out the boxes to full volume, an infeed line of the blister packs which are to be inserted in the opened-out boxes, the infeed line being arranged flanked to the inlet line and having an extension and development that is greater than the inlet line, the infeed line being arranged parallel to the inlet line and at an elevated level with respect to the inlet line so as to identify an operating space upstream of the start of the inlet line below a section of the infeed line, the positioning station of the carton of the transfer device being arranged at the operating space and wherein the frame of the transfer device is predisposed in such a way as to be translatable parallel to the infeed line. 13. The boxing machine of claim 12, wherein the transfer device is positioned in the operating space in such a way that the rest plane of the positioning station of the carton is at a lower height than the infeed line and the conveying means of the positioning station, in order to convey the carton containing the batteries of boxes to the rest plane, are arranged transversally to the infeed line so as to convey the cartons on the rest plane in a transversal and perpendicular direction to the infeed line. 14. The boxing machine of claim 13, wherein the conveying means are predisposed and have an extension such as to transfer the carton, once emptied of the batteries of boxes, from the rest plane towards an unloading station, causing the empty carton to transit below and beyond the infeed line. | 1,700 |
340,745 | 16,642,259 | 1,767 | The present invention relates to an initiator modified polyacidic polymer having a covalently bonded initiator compound, and to a dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition comprising this polyacidic polymer. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a use of the initiator modified polyacidic polymer for the preparation of a dental composition. | 1. A dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition comprising
(a) a reactive particulate filler, and (b) a polyacidic polymer which is reactive with the reactive particulate filler in a cement reaction, wherein the composition further comprises an initiator system consisting of one or more initiator compounds generating alone or in combination free radicals, wherein at least one of the one or more initiator compounds is linked to the polyacidic polymer (b) by a covalent bond forming an initiator modified polyacidic polymer having a covalently bonded initiator compound, wherein the initiator modified polyacidic polymer is a compound having repeating units of a following formula (I): 2. The dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition according to claim 1, wherein the initiator system is a photoinitiator system consisting of one or more initiator compounds generating alone or in combination free radicals when irradiated with light having a wavelength in a range of from 400 to 800 nm. 3. (canceled) 4. The dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition according to claim 1, wherein the polyacidic polymer (b) is a polyacrylic acid or a copolymer of acrylic acid and itaconic acid. 5. The dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition according to claim 2 wherein the photoinitiator system consists of a Norrish type II photoinitiator comprising a sensitizer component and an electron donor component. 6. The dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition according to claim 1, wherein the covalently bonded initiator compound Y and Z are independently from each other and represent moiety of a following formulae (II): 7. The dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition according to claim 1, wherein a temporary or final restoration of a hard dental tissue is comprised of the dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition. 8. The dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition according to claim 1, which further comprises
(c) a water-soluble, hydrolysis-stable monomer having a single polymerizable double bond and optionally a carboxylic acid group or hydroxyl group; and/or (d) a water-soluble, hydrolysis-stable polymerizable crosslinker having at least two polymerizable carbon-carbon double bonds. 9. The dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition according to claim 1, wherein the initiator modified polyacidic polymer contains 0.05 to 10 mole % covalently bonded initiator compound per 100 mole % of acidic groups of the initiator modified polyacidic polymer. 10. An initiator modified polyacidic polymer having a covalently bonded initiator compound, wherein the initiator modified polyacidic polymer contains 0.01 to 20 mole % covalently bonded initiator compound per 100 mole % of acidic groups of the initiator modified polyacidic polymer, wherein the initiator modified polyacidic polymer is a compound having repeating units of a following formula (I): 11. An initiator modified polyacidic polymer according to claim 10, wherein the covalently bonded initiator compound Y and Z are independent from each other, and represent moiety of a following formulae (II): 12. A method of forming a dental composition; said method comprising: mixing a composition comprising an initiator modified polyacidic polymer having a covalently bonded initiator compound with a reactive particulate filler to form the dental composition;
wherein the initiator modified polyacidic polymer is a compound having repeating units of a following formula (I): 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the covalently bonded initiator compound Y and Z are independent from each other, and represent moiety of a following formula (II): 14. The dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition according to claim 1, wherein a luting cement for crown and bridge cementation is comprised of the dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition. | The present invention relates to an initiator modified polyacidic polymer having a covalently bonded initiator compound, and to a dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition comprising this polyacidic polymer. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a use of the initiator modified polyacidic polymer for the preparation of a dental composition.1. A dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition comprising
(a) a reactive particulate filler, and (b) a polyacidic polymer which is reactive with the reactive particulate filler in a cement reaction, wherein the composition further comprises an initiator system consisting of one or more initiator compounds generating alone or in combination free radicals, wherein at least one of the one or more initiator compounds is linked to the polyacidic polymer (b) by a covalent bond forming an initiator modified polyacidic polymer having a covalently bonded initiator compound, wherein the initiator modified polyacidic polymer is a compound having repeating units of a following formula (I): 2. The dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition according to claim 1, wherein the initiator system is a photoinitiator system consisting of one or more initiator compounds generating alone or in combination free radicals when irradiated with light having a wavelength in a range of from 400 to 800 nm. 3. (canceled) 4. The dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition according to claim 1, wherein the polyacidic polymer (b) is a polyacrylic acid or a copolymer of acrylic acid and itaconic acid. 5. The dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition according to claim 2 wherein the photoinitiator system consists of a Norrish type II photoinitiator comprising a sensitizer component and an electron donor component. 6. The dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition according to claim 1, wherein the covalently bonded initiator compound Y and Z are independently from each other and represent moiety of a following formulae (II): 7. The dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition according to claim 1, wherein a temporary or final restoration of a hard dental tissue is comprised of the dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition. 8. The dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition according to claim 1, which further comprises
(c) a water-soluble, hydrolysis-stable monomer having a single polymerizable double bond and optionally a carboxylic acid group or hydroxyl group; and/or (d) a water-soluble, hydrolysis-stable polymerizable crosslinker having at least two polymerizable carbon-carbon double bonds. 9. The dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition according to claim 1, wherein the initiator modified polyacidic polymer contains 0.05 to 10 mole % covalently bonded initiator compound per 100 mole % of acidic groups of the initiator modified polyacidic polymer. 10. An initiator modified polyacidic polymer having a covalently bonded initiator compound, wherein the initiator modified polyacidic polymer contains 0.01 to 20 mole % covalently bonded initiator compound per 100 mole % of acidic groups of the initiator modified polyacidic polymer, wherein the initiator modified polyacidic polymer is a compound having repeating units of a following formula (I): 11. An initiator modified polyacidic polymer according to claim 10, wherein the covalently bonded initiator compound Y and Z are independent from each other, and represent moiety of a following formulae (II): 12. A method of forming a dental composition; said method comprising: mixing a composition comprising an initiator modified polyacidic polymer having a covalently bonded initiator compound with a reactive particulate filler to form the dental composition;
wherein the initiator modified polyacidic polymer is a compound having repeating units of a following formula (I): 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the covalently bonded initiator compound Y and Z are independent from each other, and represent moiety of a following formula (II): 14. The dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition according to claim 1, wherein a luting cement for crown and bridge cementation is comprised of the dental resin-modified glass ionomer composition. | 1,700 |
340,746 | 16,642,231 | 1,767 | An object of the present invention is to provide a technique for reducing a phenomenon in which fine particles derived from a sample and bounced off by ion beam irradiation are reattached to an ion milling surface. An ion milling device of the invention includes an ion source which emits an ion beam, a chamber, a sample table in which a sample is placed in the chamber, and a shielding plate placed on the sample, and by having a magnet disposed in the chamber, reattachment of fine particles derived from the sample can be reduced. | 1.-9. (canceled) 10. An ion milling device, comprising:
a chamber; a sample table made of a non-magnetic material and on which a sample is placed in the chamber; a shielding plate placed on the sample; and an ion source which is placed so as to face an upper surface of the sample table and emits an ion beam, wherein a magnet holding plate made of a non-magnetic material in which a first magnet is detachably disposed on the upper surface of the sample table and the sample is placed on an upper surface of the magnet holding plate when the first magnet is disposed on the sample table. 11. The ion milling device according to claim 10, wherein
a second magnet is disposed on a lateral side of the sample. 12. The ion milling device according to claim 11, wherein
the first magnet is disposed on the sample table and the second magnet is disposed on the lateral side of the sample. 13. The ion milling device according to claim 10, comprising
a holder for detachably holding the first magnet. 14. The ion milling device according to claim 11, comprising:
a moving mechanism for the second magnet. 15. The ion milling device according to claim 10, wherein
the first magnet is a permanent magnet. 16. The ion milling device according to claim 15, wherein
the permanent magnet has a maximum magnetic force of about 300 gauss to 400 gauss. 17. The ion milling device according to claim 10, wherein
the magnet holding plate has a cavity, and an arrangement position of the first magnet can be adjusted in the cavity of the magnet holding plate. 18. The ion milling device according to claim 10, wherein
the sample table has a magnet holder, and the first magnet can be removed from below the sample table by removing the magnet holder of the sample table. | An object of the present invention is to provide a technique for reducing a phenomenon in which fine particles derived from a sample and bounced off by ion beam irradiation are reattached to an ion milling surface. An ion milling device of the invention includes an ion source which emits an ion beam, a chamber, a sample table in which a sample is placed in the chamber, and a shielding plate placed on the sample, and by having a magnet disposed in the chamber, reattachment of fine particles derived from the sample can be reduced.1.-9. (canceled) 10. An ion milling device, comprising:
a chamber; a sample table made of a non-magnetic material and on which a sample is placed in the chamber; a shielding plate placed on the sample; and an ion source which is placed so as to face an upper surface of the sample table and emits an ion beam, wherein a magnet holding plate made of a non-magnetic material in which a first magnet is detachably disposed on the upper surface of the sample table and the sample is placed on an upper surface of the magnet holding plate when the first magnet is disposed on the sample table. 11. The ion milling device according to claim 10, wherein
a second magnet is disposed on a lateral side of the sample. 12. The ion milling device according to claim 11, wherein
the first magnet is disposed on the sample table and the second magnet is disposed on the lateral side of the sample. 13. The ion milling device according to claim 10, comprising
a holder for detachably holding the first magnet. 14. The ion milling device according to claim 11, comprising:
a moving mechanism for the second magnet. 15. The ion milling device according to claim 10, wherein
the first magnet is a permanent magnet. 16. The ion milling device according to claim 15, wherein
the permanent magnet has a maximum magnetic force of about 300 gauss to 400 gauss. 17. The ion milling device according to claim 10, wherein
the magnet holding plate has a cavity, and an arrangement position of the first magnet can be adjusted in the cavity of the magnet holding plate. 18. The ion milling device according to claim 10, wherein
the sample table has a magnet holder, and the first magnet can be removed from below the sample table by removing the magnet holder of the sample table. | 1,700 |
340,747 | 16,642,242 | 1,767 | A method for fee-charging data of an application transmitted on a section of a communication network, implemented in a device for accessing the network. The method includes: detecting an activation of the application; transmitting an identification message including information relating to the identification of the application intended for an entity for managing sections of the network; receiving, from the entity for managing sections of the network, a notification message including at least one identifier of a section of the network and of fee-charging parameters associated with the at least one identifier; and, depending on the received message, initializing the fee-charging of the data of the application. | 1. A charging method for charging for data of an application that are transmitted on a slice of a communication network, the method comprising the following acts implemented by an access device for access to the network and comprising:
detecting an activation of the application, sending an identification message comprising an information item relating to identification of the application destined for a network slices management entity, receiving from the network slices management entity a notification message comprising at least one network slice identifier and charging parameters associated with the at least one identifier, and as a function of the message received, initializing the charging for the data of the application. 2. The charging method, as claimed in claim 1, furthermore comprising:
sending to the network slices management entity an initial-configuration message comprising at least one parameter relating to the access device, upon the attachment of the access device to the network, receiving from the management entity an initial-notification message comprising at least one network slice identifier and charging parameters associated with the identifiers. 3. The charging method, as claimed in claim 1, furthermore comprising selecting by the access device a network slice identifier and of the associated charging parameters. 4. The charging method, as claimed in claim 3, furthermore comprising sending by the access device a message of acceptance comprising the selected network slice identifier. 5. The charging method, as claimed in claim 1, furthermore comprising sending, to the network slices management entity, a refusal message. 6. The charging method, as claimed in claim 5, furthermore comprising receiving a recommendation message comprising the identifier of another, so-called default, network slice. 7. The charging method, as claimed in claim 1, furthermore comprising receiving a message of modification of charging parameters associated with a network slice. 8. The charging method, as claimed in claim 1, where the act of detecting is carried out by receiving data relating to the application originating from a terminal attached to the access device. 9. The charging method, as claimed in claim 1, furthermore comprising:
sending, to a terminal attached to the access device, an information message comprising a data item relating to the at least one network slice identifier and the charging parameters associated with the at least one identifier, receiving, from the terminal of a recommendation message comprising an information item relating to the initialization of the charging. 10. The charging method, as claimed in claim 1, where the management entity is an NSSF (Network Slice Selection Function) device. 11. The charging method, as claimed in claim 1, where the charging parameters are included in S-NSSAI (Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information) data. 12. An access device for access to a communication network, the access device comprising:
a processing unit; a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the processing unit configure the access device to charge for data of an application that are transmitted on a slice of the communication network, by: detecting an activation of the application, sending an identification message comprising an information item relating to identification of the application, destined for a network slices management entity, receiving from the network slices management entity a notification message comprising at least one network slice identifier and charging parameters associated with the at least one identifier, initializing a charging for the data of the application. 13. A charging system comprising
an access device for access to a communication network, the access device comprising: a first processing unit; a first non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the processing unit configure the access device to charge for data of an application that are transmitted on a slice of the communication network, by:
detecting an activation of the application,
sending an identification message comprising an information item relating to identification of the application, destined for a network slices management entity,
receiving from the network slices management entity a notification message comprising at least one network slice identifier and charging parameters associated with the at least one identifier, and
initializing a charging for the data of the application;
the network slices management entity, which comprises:
a receiver, configured to receive an identification message comprising an information item relating to the identification of the application,
a sender, configured to send a notification message comprising at least one network slice identifier and charging parameters associated with the at least one identifier,
a selection module, configured to select at least one network slice identifier and charging parameters associated with the at least one identifier. 14. (canceled) 15. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium comprising instructions stored thereon, which when executed by a processing unit of an access device for accessing a communication network, configure the access device to charge for data of an application that are transmitted on a slice of the communication network, by:
detecting an activation of the application, sending an identification message comprising an information item relating to identification of the application, destined for a network slices management entity, receiving from the network slices management entity a notification message comprising at least one network slice identifier and charging parameters associated with the at least one identifier, initializing a charging for the data of the application. | A method for fee-charging data of an application transmitted on a section of a communication network, implemented in a device for accessing the network. The method includes: detecting an activation of the application; transmitting an identification message including information relating to the identification of the application intended for an entity for managing sections of the network; receiving, from the entity for managing sections of the network, a notification message including at least one identifier of a section of the network and of fee-charging parameters associated with the at least one identifier; and, depending on the received message, initializing the fee-charging of the data of the application.1. A charging method for charging for data of an application that are transmitted on a slice of a communication network, the method comprising the following acts implemented by an access device for access to the network and comprising:
detecting an activation of the application, sending an identification message comprising an information item relating to identification of the application destined for a network slices management entity, receiving from the network slices management entity a notification message comprising at least one network slice identifier and charging parameters associated with the at least one identifier, and as a function of the message received, initializing the charging for the data of the application. 2. The charging method, as claimed in claim 1, furthermore comprising:
sending to the network slices management entity an initial-configuration message comprising at least one parameter relating to the access device, upon the attachment of the access device to the network, receiving from the management entity an initial-notification message comprising at least one network slice identifier and charging parameters associated with the identifiers. 3. The charging method, as claimed in claim 1, furthermore comprising selecting by the access device a network slice identifier and of the associated charging parameters. 4. The charging method, as claimed in claim 3, furthermore comprising sending by the access device a message of acceptance comprising the selected network slice identifier. 5. The charging method, as claimed in claim 1, furthermore comprising sending, to the network slices management entity, a refusal message. 6. The charging method, as claimed in claim 5, furthermore comprising receiving a recommendation message comprising the identifier of another, so-called default, network slice. 7. The charging method, as claimed in claim 1, furthermore comprising receiving a message of modification of charging parameters associated with a network slice. 8. The charging method, as claimed in claim 1, where the act of detecting is carried out by receiving data relating to the application originating from a terminal attached to the access device. 9. The charging method, as claimed in claim 1, furthermore comprising:
sending, to a terminal attached to the access device, an information message comprising a data item relating to the at least one network slice identifier and the charging parameters associated with the at least one identifier, receiving, from the terminal of a recommendation message comprising an information item relating to the initialization of the charging. 10. The charging method, as claimed in claim 1, where the management entity is an NSSF (Network Slice Selection Function) device. 11. The charging method, as claimed in claim 1, where the charging parameters are included in S-NSSAI (Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information) data. 12. An access device for access to a communication network, the access device comprising:
a processing unit; a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the processing unit configure the access device to charge for data of an application that are transmitted on a slice of the communication network, by: detecting an activation of the application, sending an identification message comprising an information item relating to identification of the application, destined for a network slices management entity, receiving from the network slices management entity a notification message comprising at least one network slice identifier and charging parameters associated with the at least one identifier, initializing a charging for the data of the application. 13. A charging system comprising
an access device for access to a communication network, the access device comprising: a first processing unit; a first non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the processing unit configure the access device to charge for data of an application that are transmitted on a slice of the communication network, by:
detecting an activation of the application,
sending an identification message comprising an information item relating to identification of the application, destined for a network slices management entity,
receiving from the network slices management entity a notification message comprising at least one network slice identifier and charging parameters associated with the at least one identifier, and
initializing a charging for the data of the application;
the network slices management entity, which comprises:
a receiver, configured to receive an identification message comprising an information item relating to the identification of the application,
a sender, configured to send a notification message comprising at least one network slice identifier and charging parameters associated with the at least one identifier,
a selection module, configured to select at least one network slice identifier and charging parameters associated with the at least one identifier. 14. (canceled) 15. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium comprising instructions stored thereon, which when executed by a processing unit of an access device for accessing a communication network, configure the access device to charge for data of an application that are transmitted on a slice of the communication network, by:
detecting an activation of the application, sending an identification message comprising an information item relating to identification of the application, destined for a network slices management entity, receiving from the network slices management entity a notification message comprising at least one network slice identifier and charging parameters associated with the at least one identifier, initializing a charging for the data of the application. | 1,700 |
340,748 | 16,642,214 | 1,767 | An array substrate, a display device, and a driving method thereof. The array substrate includes a base substrate including a display region and a locally transparent region located within the display region, the locally transparent region including at least one sub-region, and the sub-region including at least one transparent region; at least one first pixel, including a first reflective electrode, a first transflective electrode, and a first light emitting layer located between the first reflective electrode and the first transflective electrode, the first pixel being located in the display region; and at least one second pixel, comprising a second reflective electrode, a second transflective electrode, and a second light emitting layer located between the second reflective electrode and the second transflective electrode, the second pixel being located in an region other than the transparent region in the sub-region. | 1. An array substrate, comprising:
a base substrate, comprising a display region and a locally transparent region located in the display region, the locally transparent region comprising at least one sub-region, and the sub-region comprising at least one transparent region; at least one first pixel, comprising a first reflective electrode, a first transflective electrode, and a first light emitting layer located between the first reflective electrode and the first transflective electrode, the first pixel being located within the display region; and at least one second pixel, comprising a second reflective electrode, a second transflective electrode, and a second light emitting layer located between the second reflective electrode and the second transflective electrode, the second pixel being located in a region other than the transparent region in the sub-region, wherein a reflectivity of the second transflective electrode is greater than a reflectivity of the first transflective electrode. 2. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein a material of the first transflective electrode is the same as a material of the second transflective electrode, and a thickness of the second transflective electrode is greater than a thickness of the first transflective electrode. 3. The array substrate according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third pixel, comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third light emitting layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode, the third pixel being located in the transparent region, wherein the first electrode is a transparent electrode or a transflective electrode, and the second electrode is a transparent electrode or a transflective electrode. 4. The array substrate according to claim 3, wherein the first electrode comprises indium tin oxide. 5. The array substrate according to claim 3, wherein a full width at half maximum of a luminous spectrum of the second pixel is smaller than a full width at half maximum of a luminous spectrum of the third pixel. 6. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first pixel comprises a plurality of the first pixels, and the plurality of the first pixels surround the locally transparent region. 7. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein an area of the second pixel is ⅔ to ¾ of an area of the first pixel. 8. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein a full width at half maximum of a luminous spectrum of the second pixel is smaller than a full width at half maximum of a luminous spectrum of the first pixel. 9. The array substrate according to claim 3, wherein each of the at least one sub-region comprises four pixel regions with equal areas arranged in a 2×2 matrix, and the second pixel and the third pixel are located in two of the four pixel regions on a diagonal of the 2×2 matrix. 10. A display device, comprising:
an image acquisition component; and the array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the array substrate comprises a light emitting side, an orthographic projection of the image acquisition component on the base substrate falls into the locally transparent region and the image acquisition component is located on a side of the array substrate opposite to the light emitting side. 11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the transparent region comprises a third pixel comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third light emitting layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode,
wherein the first electrode is a transparent electrode or a transflective electrode, and the second electrode is a transparent electrode or a transflective electrode. 12. The display device according to claim 11, further comprising:
a driver, connected to the first pixel, the second pixel and the third pixel, respectively, wherein each of the at least one sub-region comprises a plurality of pixel regions with equal areas, and the driver is configured to drive the second pixel and the third pixel to emit light together upon one or more of the pixel regions in the sub-region being required to emit light. 13. A driving method of a display device, wherein the display device comprises the display device according to claim 12, each of the at least one sub-region comprises a plurality of pixel regions having equal areas, the driving method comprises:
driving the first pixel, the second pixel and the third pixel respectively to emit light to display a picture together comprises: driving the second pixel and the third pixel to emit light together upon one or more of the pixel regions in the sub-region being required to emit light. 14. The driving method of the display device according to claim 13, further comprising:
performing a color matching process to the second pixel and the third pixel respectively by a color matching method, to drive the second pixel and the third pixel to emit light together to display the picture together with the first pixel, wherein the color matching method comprises: acquiring color coordinate matrices of the second pixel and the third pixel respectively; acquiring tristimulus values of the second pixel and the third pixel respectively according to a color and brightness to be displayed in the sub-region and a brightness distribution ratio of the second pixel and the third pixel; acquiring brightness of sub-pixels in the second pixel and the third pixel respectively according to the color coordinate matrices and the tristimulus values; and acquiring driving voltages of the sub-pixels in the second pixel and the third pixel respectively according to the brightness of the respective sub-pixels in the second pixel and the third pixel. 15. The driving method of the display device according to claim 14, wherein acquiring brightness of sub-pixels in the second pixel and the third pixel respectively according to the color coordinate matrices and the tristimulus values further comprises:
acquiring brightness of the respective sub-pixels in the second pixel and the third pixel respectively according to the color coordinate matrices and the tristimulus values by the following color matching formula: 16. The driving method of the display device according to claim 14, wherein acquiring color coordinate matrices of the second pixel and the third pixel respectively comprises:
lighting the second pixel and the third pixel respectively; and acquiring a color coordinate matrix of the second pixel according to the brightness and colors of sub-pixels in the second pixel, and acquiring a color coordinate matrix of the third pixel according to the brightness and colors of sub-pixels in the third pixel. 17. The array substrate according to claim 5, wherein a full width at half maximum of a luminous spectrum of the second pixel is smaller than a full width at half maximum of a luminous spectrum of the first pixel. | An array substrate, a display device, and a driving method thereof. The array substrate includes a base substrate including a display region and a locally transparent region located within the display region, the locally transparent region including at least one sub-region, and the sub-region including at least one transparent region; at least one first pixel, including a first reflective electrode, a first transflective electrode, and a first light emitting layer located between the first reflective electrode and the first transflective electrode, the first pixel being located in the display region; and at least one second pixel, comprising a second reflective electrode, a second transflective electrode, and a second light emitting layer located between the second reflective electrode and the second transflective electrode, the second pixel being located in an region other than the transparent region in the sub-region.1. An array substrate, comprising:
a base substrate, comprising a display region and a locally transparent region located in the display region, the locally transparent region comprising at least one sub-region, and the sub-region comprising at least one transparent region; at least one first pixel, comprising a first reflective electrode, a first transflective electrode, and a first light emitting layer located between the first reflective electrode and the first transflective electrode, the first pixel being located within the display region; and at least one second pixel, comprising a second reflective electrode, a second transflective electrode, and a second light emitting layer located between the second reflective electrode and the second transflective electrode, the second pixel being located in a region other than the transparent region in the sub-region, wherein a reflectivity of the second transflective electrode is greater than a reflectivity of the first transflective electrode. 2. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein a material of the first transflective electrode is the same as a material of the second transflective electrode, and a thickness of the second transflective electrode is greater than a thickness of the first transflective electrode. 3. The array substrate according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third pixel, comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third light emitting layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode, the third pixel being located in the transparent region, wherein the first electrode is a transparent electrode or a transflective electrode, and the second electrode is a transparent electrode or a transflective electrode. 4. The array substrate according to claim 3, wherein the first electrode comprises indium tin oxide. 5. The array substrate according to claim 3, wherein a full width at half maximum of a luminous spectrum of the second pixel is smaller than a full width at half maximum of a luminous spectrum of the third pixel. 6. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first pixel comprises a plurality of the first pixels, and the plurality of the first pixels surround the locally transparent region. 7. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein an area of the second pixel is ⅔ to ¾ of an area of the first pixel. 8. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein a full width at half maximum of a luminous spectrum of the second pixel is smaller than a full width at half maximum of a luminous spectrum of the first pixel. 9. The array substrate according to claim 3, wherein each of the at least one sub-region comprises four pixel regions with equal areas arranged in a 2×2 matrix, and the second pixel and the third pixel are located in two of the four pixel regions on a diagonal of the 2×2 matrix. 10. A display device, comprising:
an image acquisition component; and the array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the array substrate comprises a light emitting side, an orthographic projection of the image acquisition component on the base substrate falls into the locally transparent region and the image acquisition component is located on a side of the array substrate opposite to the light emitting side. 11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the transparent region comprises a third pixel comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third light emitting layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode,
wherein the first electrode is a transparent electrode or a transflective electrode, and the second electrode is a transparent electrode or a transflective electrode. 12. The display device according to claim 11, further comprising:
a driver, connected to the first pixel, the second pixel and the third pixel, respectively, wherein each of the at least one sub-region comprises a plurality of pixel regions with equal areas, and the driver is configured to drive the second pixel and the third pixel to emit light together upon one or more of the pixel regions in the sub-region being required to emit light. 13. A driving method of a display device, wherein the display device comprises the display device according to claim 12, each of the at least one sub-region comprises a plurality of pixel regions having equal areas, the driving method comprises:
driving the first pixel, the second pixel and the third pixel respectively to emit light to display a picture together comprises: driving the second pixel and the third pixel to emit light together upon one or more of the pixel regions in the sub-region being required to emit light. 14. The driving method of the display device according to claim 13, further comprising:
performing a color matching process to the second pixel and the third pixel respectively by a color matching method, to drive the second pixel and the third pixel to emit light together to display the picture together with the first pixel, wherein the color matching method comprises: acquiring color coordinate matrices of the second pixel and the third pixel respectively; acquiring tristimulus values of the second pixel and the third pixel respectively according to a color and brightness to be displayed in the sub-region and a brightness distribution ratio of the second pixel and the third pixel; acquiring brightness of sub-pixels in the second pixel and the third pixel respectively according to the color coordinate matrices and the tristimulus values; and acquiring driving voltages of the sub-pixels in the second pixel and the third pixel respectively according to the brightness of the respective sub-pixels in the second pixel and the third pixel. 15. The driving method of the display device according to claim 14, wherein acquiring brightness of sub-pixels in the second pixel and the third pixel respectively according to the color coordinate matrices and the tristimulus values further comprises:
acquiring brightness of the respective sub-pixels in the second pixel and the third pixel respectively according to the color coordinate matrices and the tristimulus values by the following color matching formula: 16. The driving method of the display device according to claim 14, wherein acquiring color coordinate matrices of the second pixel and the third pixel respectively comprises:
lighting the second pixel and the third pixel respectively; and acquiring a color coordinate matrix of the second pixel according to the brightness and colors of sub-pixels in the second pixel, and acquiring a color coordinate matrix of the third pixel according to the brightness and colors of sub-pixels in the third pixel. 17. The array substrate according to claim 5, wherein a full width at half maximum of a luminous spectrum of the second pixel is smaller than a full width at half maximum of a luminous spectrum of the first pixel. | 1,700 |
340,749 | 16,642,255 | 3,732 | The invention relates to an apparatus for primary processing of bast-fiber crops and can be used to obtain the same type straw fibers and shives or flax and hemp fibers. The bast crops processing line consists of the sequentially installed recoiling machine, dividing and scutching machine, breaking machine, the machine for scutching raw fibers without pressing tow shaker and shive-fiber waste transportation system, while the latter is fitted with a crushing device. The dividing and scutching machine makes it possible to form a layer of raw material with a definite and optimal density for processing, to card and separate shives from fibers. The machine for scutching raw fibers without pressing provides an intensive separation of shives from fibers, considerably facilitating further separation of free shives in the tow shaker. The crushing device improves reliability of the chive-fiber waste transportation system. | 1. A bast crops processing line, comprising: a recoiling machine, a breaking machine, a tow shaker and a chive-fiber waste transportation system, wherein after the recoiling machine a layer-forming and scutching machine is installed and a machine for scutching raw fibers without pressing is installed after the breaking machine, with the layer-forming and scutching machine, the breaking machine and the tow shaker are able to remove free shiver and each being connected directly to the chive-fiber waste transportation system; wherein the machine for scutching raw fibers without pressing is equipped with a static stator and a rotor with rotating blades, with the rotor and the stator of the machine for scutching raw fibers without pressing, when interacting, break long bast fiber complexes into shorter ones and create an air stream used to transport raw fibers from the breaking machine to the tow shaker, and the chive-fiber waste transportation system is equipped with a crushing device installed under the layer-forming and scutching machine. | The invention relates to an apparatus for primary processing of bast-fiber crops and can be used to obtain the same type straw fibers and shives or flax and hemp fibers. The bast crops processing line consists of the sequentially installed recoiling machine, dividing and scutching machine, breaking machine, the machine for scutching raw fibers without pressing tow shaker and shive-fiber waste transportation system, while the latter is fitted with a crushing device. The dividing and scutching machine makes it possible to form a layer of raw material with a definite and optimal density for processing, to card and separate shives from fibers. The machine for scutching raw fibers without pressing provides an intensive separation of shives from fibers, considerably facilitating further separation of free shives in the tow shaker. The crushing device improves reliability of the chive-fiber waste transportation system.1. A bast crops processing line, comprising: a recoiling machine, a breaking machine, a tow shaker and a chive-fiber waste transportation system, wherein after the recoiling machine a layer-forming and scutching machine is installed and a machine for scutching raw fibers without pressing is installed after the breaking machine, with the layer-forming and scutching machine, the breaking machine and the tow shaker are able to remove free shiver and each being connected directly to the chive-fiber waste transportation system; wherein the machine for scutching raw fibers without pressing is equipped with a static stator and a rotor with rotating blades, with the rotor and the stator of the machine for scutching raw fibers without pressing, when interacting, break long bast fiber complexes into shorter ones and create an air stream used to transport raw fibers from the breaking machine to the tow shaker, and the chive-fiber waste transportation system is equipped with a crushing device installed under the layer-forming and scutching machine. | 3,700 |
340,750 | 16,642,238 | 3,732 | An ink jet recording apparatus includes a charging electrode that charges ink particles ejected from a nozzle, a deflecting electrode that deflects the ink particles charged by the charging electrode, an operating unit that inputs and sets printing conditions for performing the printing, and a control unit, and the control unit receives a moving distance in a direction in which a printing target is conveyed from the operating unit, calculates the number of non-printing particles on the basis of the moving distance, and performs control for changing to a dot pattern in which the number of non-printing particles are inserted. | 1. An ink jet recording apparatus that performs printing of a dot matrix on a printing target through ink particles ejected from a nozzle, comprising:
a charging electrode that charges the ink particles ejected from the nozzle; a deflecting electrode that deflects the ink particles charged by the charging electrode; an operating unit that inputs and sets printing conditions for performing the printing; and a control unit, wherein the control unit receives a moving distance in a direction in which the printing target is conveyed from the operating unit, calculates the number of non-printing particles on the basis of the moving distance, and performs control for changing to a dot pattern in which the number of non-printing particles are inserted. 2. The ink jet recording apparatus according to claim 1, wherein designation of a column of dots in the dot matrix to be subject to curved printing correction and a position of the dot in the column is received from the operating unit. 3. The ink jet recording apparatus according to claim 2, wherein an input of an interval of the column in a vertical direction of the dot matrix is received from the operating unit, and a printing speed is calculated on the basis of the interval of the column. 4. The ink jet recording apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the control unit calculates the number of non-printing particles to be inserted on the basis of the moving distance and the printing speed. 5. The ink jet recording apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the control unit generates a dot pattern in which the calculated number of non-printing particles is inserted before the designated position of the dot, and stores charging voltage data corresponding to the dot pattern in which the dot in which the number of non-printing particles is inserted is uncharged in a storage unit. 6. The ink jet recording apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the printing is performed by applying the charging voltage data to the charging electrode so that a character signal generating unit causes printing particles to fly in order from printing particles with a large electric charge amount to printing particles with a small electric charge amount on the basis of the charging voltage stored in the storage unit. 7. A control method for an ink jet recording apparatus that performs printing of a dot matrix on a printing target through ink particles ejected from a nozzle,
the ink jet recording apparatus including a charging electrode that charges the ink particles ejected from the nozzle, a deflecting electrode that deflects the ink particles charged by the charging electrode, and an operating unit that inputs and sets printing conditions for performing the printing, the control method comprising: a step of applying charging voltage data based on a first dot pattern to the charging electrode to perform first printing on the printing target; a step of receiving a moving distance for correcting deviation of a dot in the first printing step in a direction in which the printing target is conveyed from the operating unit; a step of calculating the number of non-printing particles on the basis of the moving distance; and a step of performing control for changing the first dot pattern to a dot pattern in which the number of non-printing particles is inserted. | An ink jet recording apparatus includes a charging electrode that charges ink particles ejected from a nozzle, a deflecting electrode that deflects the ink particles charged by the charging electrode, an operating unit that inputs and sets printing conditions for performing the printing, and a control unit, and the control unit receives a moving distance in a direction in which a printing target is conveyed from the operating unit, calculates the number of non-printing particles on the basis of the moving distance, and performs control for changing to a dot pattern in which the number of non-printing particles are inserted.1. An ink jet recording apparatus that performs printing of a dot matrix on a printing target through ink particles ejected from a nozzle, comprising:
a charging electrode that charges the ink particles ejected from the nozzle; a deflecting electrode that deflects the ink particles charged by the charging electrode; an operating unit that inputs and sets printing conditions for performing the printing; and a control unit, wherein the control unit receives a moving distance in a direction in which the printing target is conveyed from the operating unit, calculates the number of non-printing particles on the basis of the moving distance, and performs control for changing to a dot pattern in which the number of non-printing particles are inserted. 2. The ink jet recording apparatus according to claim 1, wherein designation of a column of dots in the dot matrix to be subject to curved printing correction and a position of the dot in the column is received from the operating unit. 3. The ink jet recording apparatus according to claim 2, wherein an input of an interval of the column in a vertical direction of the dot matrix is received from the operating unit, and a printing speed is calculated on the basis of the interval of the column. 4. The ink jet recording apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the control unit calculates the number of non-printing particles to be inserted on the basis of the moving distance and the printing speed. 5. The ink jet recording apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the control unit generates a dot pattern in which the calculated number of non-printing particles is inserted before the designated position of the dot, and stores charging voltage data corresponding to the dot pattern in which the dot in which the number of non-printing particles is inserted is uncharged in a storage unit. 6. The ink jet recording apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the printing is performed by applying the charging voltage data to the charging electrode so that a character signal generating unit causes printing particles to fly in order from printing particles with a large electric charge amount to printing particles with a small electric charge amount on the basis of the charging voltage stored in the storage unit. 7. A control method for an ink jet recording apparatus that performs printing of a dot matrix on a printing target through ink particles ejected from a nozzle,
the ink jet recording apparatus including a charging electrode that charges the ink particles ejected from the nozzle, a deflecting electrode that deflects the ink particles charged by the charging electrode, and an operating unit that inputs and sets printing conditions for performing the printing, the control method comprising: a step of applying charging voltage data based on a first dot pattern to the charging electrode to perform first printing on the printing target; a step of receiving a moving distance for correcting deviation of a dot in the first printing step in a direction in which the printing target is conveyed from the operating unit; a step of calculating the number of non-printing particles on the basis of the moving distance; and a step of performing control for changing the first dot pattern to a dot pattern in which the number of non-printing particles is inserted. | 3,700 |
340,751 | 16,642,258 | 3,732 | A driving method for a display substrate, a driving circuit and a display device are provided. In the driving method of the display substrate, the display substrate includes an active display region and a notch region embedded in the active display region, a pixel array is arranged at the active display region and the notch region, and a gate line and a data line at the active display region extend to the notch region. The notch region includes a first region and a second region other than the first region, a first side of the first region is not adjacent to the active display region. The driving method includes, when an image is displayed by the display substrate, inputting grayscale data having a grayscale value smaller than 2n−1 and greater than 0 to pixels at at least a part of the first region. The grayscale data is n-bit data. | 1. A driving method for a display substrate, wherein the display substrate comprises an active display region and a notch region embedded in the active display region, a pixel array is arranged at the active display region and the notch region, a gate line and a data line at the active display region extend to the notch region, the notch region comprises a first region and a second region other than the first region, a first side of the first region is not adjacent to the active display region, and a second side of the first region is adjacent to the active display region, wherein the driving method comprises:
when an image is displayed by the display substrate, inputting grayscale data having a grayscale value smaller than 2n−1 and greater than 0 to pixels at at least a part of the first region, wherein the grayscale data is n-bit data. 2. The driving method according to claim 1, wherein the second side of the first region is adjacent to a first boundary of the active display region, and the second side of the first region and the first boundary of the active display region are each a straight line extending in a row direction of the pixel array, wherein the inputting the grayscale data having the grayscale value smaller than 2n−1 and greater than 0 to the pixels at at least the part of the first region comprises:
inputting white grayscale data to the pixels at at least the part of the first region, wherein the white grayscale data has a grayscale value that is smaller than 2n−1 and greater than 0; and
inputting black grayscale data to pixels at the second region. 3. The driving method according to claim 2, wherein the inputting the white grayscale data to the pixels at at least the part of the first region comprises:
inputting green grayscale data to pixels at a boundary region of the first region, wherein the boundary region of the first region is adjacent to the first boundary, and the green grayscale data has a grayscale value that is smaller than 2n−1 and greater than 0; and inputting the white grayscale data to pixels at the first region other than the boundary region. 4. The driving method according to claim 3, wherein the pixels at the boundary region comprise a row of pixels in the pixel array, and the row of pixels is nearest to the first boundary among rows of pixels in the pixel array. 5. The driving method according to claim 2, wherein the second region comprises a third region and a fourth region, the first region is a rectangular region arranged between the third region and the fourth region, the first side of the first region is adjacent to a first side of the third region, a second side of the third region is adjacent to the active display region, a third side of the first region is adjacent to a first side of the fourth region, a second side of the fourth region is adjacent to the active display region, and the first side and the third side of the first region are arranged opposite to each other and extend in a column direction of the pixel array. 6. The driving method according to claim 2, wherein the grayscale value of the white grayscale data is 2n/2−1 or 2n/2. 7. The driving method according to claim 3, wherein the grayscale value of the green grayscale data is 2n/2−1 or 2n/2. 8. The driving method according to claim 1, wherein the display substrate is an Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display substrate. 9. A driving circuit for a display substrate, wherein the display substrate comprises an active display region and a notch region embedded in the active display region, a pixel array is arranged at the active display region and the notch region, a gate line and a data line at the active display region extend to the notch region, the notch region comprises a first region and a second region other than the first region, a first side of the first region is not adjacent to the active display region, and a second side of the first region is adjacent to the active display region, wherein the driving circuit is configured to:
when an image is displayed by the display substrate, input grayscale data having a grayscale value smaller than 2n−1 and greater than 0 to pixels at at least a part of the first region, wherein the grayscale data is n-bit data. 10. The driving circuit for the display substrate according to claim 9, wherein the second side of the first region is adjacent to a first boundary of the active display region, and the second side of the first region and the first boundary of the active display region are each a straight line extending in a row direction of the pixel array,
wherein the driving circuit is further configured to: input white grayscale data to the pixels at at least the part of the first region, and input black grayscale data to pixels at the second region, wherein the white grayscale data has a grayscale value that is smaller than 2n−1 and greater than 0. 11. The driving circuit for the display substrate according to claim 10, wherein
the driving circuit is further configured to: input green grayscale data to pixels at a boundary region of the first region, and input the white grayscale data to pixels at the first region other than the boundary region, wherein the boundary region of the first region is adjacent to the first boundary, and the green grayscale data has a grayscale value that is smaller than 2n−1 and greater than 0. 12. The driving circuit for the display substrate according to claim 11, wherein the pixels at the boundary region comprise a row of pixels in the pixel array, and the row of pixels is nearest to the first boundary among rows of pixels in the pixel array. 13. The driving circuit for the display substrate according to claim 10, wherein the second region comprises a third region and a fourth region, the first region is a rectangular region arranged between the third region and the fourth region, the first side of the first region is adjacent to a first side of the third region, a second side of the third region is adjacent to the active display region, a third side of the first region is adjacent to a first side of the fourth region, a second side of the fourth region is adjacent to the active display region, and the first side and the third side of the first region are arranged opposite to each other and extend in a column direction of the pixel array. 14. The driving circuit for the display substrate according to claim 10, wherein the grayscale value of the white grayscale data is 2n/2−1 or 2n/2. 15. The driving circuit for the display substrate according to claim 11, wherein the grayscale value of the green grayscale data is 2n/2−1 or 2n/2. 16. A display device, comprising the driving circuit for the display substrate according to claim 9. 17. The display device according to claim 16, wherein the second side of the first region is adjacent to a first boundary of the active display region, and the second side of the first region and the first boundary of the active display region are each a straight line extending in a row direction of the pixel array,
wherein the driving circuit is further configured to: input white grayscale data to the pixels at at least the part of the first region, and input black grayscale data to pixels at the second region, wherein the white grayscale data has a grayscale value that is smaller than 2n−1 and greater than 0. 18. The display device according to claim 17, wherein
the driving circuit is further configured to: input green grayscale data to pixels at a boundary region of the first region, and input the white grayscale data to pixels at the first region other than the boundary region, wherein the boundary region of the first region is adjacent to the first boundary, and the green grayscale data has a grayscale value that is smaller than 2n−1 and greater than 0. 19. The display device according to claim 18, wherein the pixels at the boundary region comprise a row of pixels in the pixel array, and the row of pixels is nearest to the first boundary among rows of pixels in the pixel array. 20. The display device according to claim 17, wherein the second region comprises a third region and a fourth region, the first region is a rectangular region arranged between the third region and the fourth region, the first side of the first region is adjacent to a first side of the third region, a second side of the third region is adjacent to the active display region, a third side of the first region is adjacent to a first side of the fourth region, a second side of the fourth region is adjacent to the active display region, and the first side and the third side of the first region are arranged opposite to each other and extend in a column direction of the pixel array. | A driving method for a display substrate, a driving circuit and a display device are provided. In the driving method of the display substrate, the display substrate includes an active display region and a notch region embedded in the active display region, a pixel array is arranged at the active display region and the notch region, and a gate line and a data line at the active display region extend to the notch region. The notch region includes a first region and a second region other than the first region, a first side of the first region is not adjacent to the active display region. The driving method includes, when an image is displayed by the display substrate, inputting grayscale data having a grayscale value smaller than 2n−1 and greater than 0 to pixels at at least a part of the first region. The grayscale data is n-bit data.1. A driving method for a display substrate, wherein the display substrate comprises an active display region and a notch region embedded in the active display region, a pixel array is arranged at the active display region and the notch region, a gate line and a data line at the active display region extend to the notch region, the notch region comprises a first region and a second region other than the first region, a first side of the first region is not adjacent to the active display region, and a second side of the first region is adjacent to the active display region, wherein the driving method comprises:
when an image is displayed by the display substrate, inputting grayscale data having a grayscale value smaller than 2n−1 and greater than 0 to pixels at at least a part of the first region, wherein the grayscale data is n-bit data. 2. The driving method according to claim 1, wherein the second side of the first region is adjacent to a first boundary of the active display region, and the second side of the first region and the first boundary of the active display region are each a straight line extending in a row direction of the pixel array, wherein the inputting the grayscale data having the grayscale value smaller than 2n−1 and greater than 0 to the pixels at at least the part of the first region comprises:
inputting white grayscale data to the pixels at at least the part of the first region, wherein the white grayscale data has a grayscale value that is smaller than 2n−1 and greater than 0; and
inputting black grayscale data to pixels at the second region. 3. The driving method according to claim 2, wherein the inputting the white grayscale data to the pixels at at least the part of the first region comprises:
inputting green grayscale data to pixels at a boundary region of the first region, wherein the boundary region of the first region is adjacent to the first boundary, and the green grayscale data has a grayscale value that is smaller than 2n−1 and greater than 0; and inputting the white grayscale data to pixels at the first region other than the boundary region. 4. The driving method according to claim 3, wherein the pixels at the boundary region comprise a row of pixels in the pixel array, and the row of pixels is nearest to the first boundary among rows of pixels in the pixel array. 5. The driving method according to claim 2, wherein the second region comprises a third region and a fourth region, the first region is a rectangular region arranged between the third region and the fourth region, the first side of the first region is adjacent to a first side of the third region, a second side of the third region is adjacent to the active display region, a third side of the first region is adjacent to a first side of the fourth region, a second side of the fourth region is adjacent to the active display region, and the first side and the third side of the first region are arranged opposite to each other and extend in a column direction of the pixel array. 6. The driving method according to claim 2, wherein the grayscale value of the white grayscale data is 2n/2−1 or 2n/2. 7. The driving method according to claim 3, wherein the grayscale value of the green grayscale data is 2n/2−1 or 2n/2. 8. The driving method according to claim 1, wherein the display substrate is an Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display substrate. 9. A driving circuit for a display substrate, wherein the display substrate comprises an active display region and a notch region embedded in the active display region, a pixel array is arranged at the active display region and the notch region, a gate line and a data line at the active display region extend to the notch region, the notch region comprises a first region and a second region other than the first region, a first side of the first region is not adjacent to the active display region, and a second side of the first region is adjacent to the active display region, wherein the driving circuit is configured to:
when an image is displayed by the display substrate, input grayscale data having a grayscale value smaller than 2n−1 and greater than 0 to pixels at at least a part of the first region, wherein the grayscale data is n-bit data. 10. The driving circuit for the display substrate according to claim 9, wherein the second side of the first region is adjacent to a first boundary of the active display region, and the second side of the first region and the first boundary of the active display region are each a straight line extending in a row direction of the pixel array,
wherein the driving circuit is further configured to: input white grayscale data to the pixels at at least the part of the first region, and input black grayscale data to pixels at the second region, wherein the white grayscale data has a grayscale value that is smaller than 2n−1 and greater than 0. 11. The driving circuit for the display substrate according to claim 10, wherein
the driving circuit is further configured to: input green grayscale data to pixels at a boundary region of the first region, and input the white grayscale data to pixels at the first region other than the boundary region, wherein the boundary region of the first region is adjacent to the first boundary, and the green grayscale data has a grayscale value that is smaller than 2n−1 and greater than 0. 12. The driving circuit for the display substrate according to claim 11, wherein the pixels at the boundary region comprise a row of pixels in the pixel array, and the row of pixels is nearest to the first boundary among rows of pixels in the pixel array. 13. The driving circuit for the display substrate according to claim 10, wherein the second region comprises a third region and a fourth region, the first region is a rectangular region arranged between the third region and the fourth region, the first side of the first region is adjacent to a first side of the third region, a second side of the third region is adjacent to the active display region, a third side of the first region is adjacent to a first side of the fourth region, a second side of the fourth region is adjacent to the active display region, and the first side and the third side of the first region are arranged opposite to each other and extend in a column direction of the pixel array. 14. The driving circuit for the display substrate according to claim 10, wherein the grayscale value of the white grayscale data is 2n/2−1 or 2n/2. 15. The driving circuit for the display substrate according to claim 11, wherein the grayscale value of the green grayscale data is 2n/2−1 or 2n/2. 16. A display device, comprising the driving circuit for the display substrate according to claim 9. 17. The display device according to claim 16, wherein the second side of the first region is adjacent to a first boundary of the active display region, and the second side of the first region and the first boundary of the active display region are each a straight line extending in a row direction of the pixel array,
wherein the driving circuit is further configured to: input white grayscale data to the pixels at at least the part of the first region, and input black grayscale data to pixels at the second region, wherein the white grayscale data has a grayscale value that is smaller than 2n−1 and greater than 0. 18. The display device according to claim 17, wherein
the driving circuit is further configured to: input green grayscale data to pixels at a boundary region of the first region, and input the white grayscale data to pixels at the first region other than the boundary region, wherein the boundary region of the first region is adjacent to the first boundary, and the green grayscale data has a grayscale value that is smaller than 2n−1 and greater than 0. 19. The display device according to claim 18, wherein the pixels at the boundary region comprise a row of pixels in the pixel array, and the row of pixels is nearest to the first boundary among rows of pixels in the pixel array. 20. The display device according to claim 17, wherein the second region comprises a third region and a fourth region, the first region is a rectangular region arranged between the third region and the fourth region, the first side of the first region is adjacent to a first side of the third region, a second side of the third region is adjacent to the active display region, a third side of the first region is adjacent to a first side of the fourth region, a second side of the fourth region is adjacent to the active display region, and the first side and the third side of the first region are arranged opposite to each other and extend in a column direction of the pixel array. | 3,700 |
340,752 | 16,642,243 | 3,732 | A display panel and a display device are provided. An encapsulation layer of the display panel includes at least a first organic layer and a first inorganic layer that are stacked. In a corresponding electronic component arrangement area, a cross section of a contact surface of the first organic layer and the first inorganic layer is an arc, so that a part of light blocked by a sub-pixel light-emitting unit can pass through a lighting path of an electronic component to reach a lighting unit after being refracted by the arc, thereby improving light extraction efficiency of the electronic component. | 1. A display panel, comprising:
a base substrate; a driving circuit layer disposed on the base substrate; a light emitting functional layer disposed on the driving circuit layer; and an encapsulation layer disposed on the light emitting functional layer and comprising at least a first organic layer and a first inorganic layer that are stacked, wherein a refractive index of the first organic layer is less than a refractive index of the first inorganic layer; wherein in an electronic component arrangement area, a cross section of a contact surface between the first organic layer and the first inorganic layer is a first circular arc; the first circular arc is located on a lighting path of an electronic component, and a center of the first circular arc is located on one side of the first inorganic layer. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein a curvature radius of the first circular arc gradually increases from an edge to a middle. 3. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the encapsulation layer further comprises a second organic layer and a second inorganic layer that are stacked, and a refractive index of the second organic layer is less than a refractive index of the second inorganic layer. 4. The display panel according to claim 3, wherein the second organic layer is disposed on the first inorganic layer. 5. The display panel according to claim 3, wherein the first organic layer is disposed on the second inorganic layer. 6. The display panel according to claim 4, wherein in the electronic component arrangement area, a cross section of a contact surface between the second organic layer and the second inorganic layer is a second circular arc; the second circular arc is located on the lighting path of the electronic component, and a center of the second circular arc is located on one side of the second inorganic layer. 7. The display panel according to claim 6, wherein a curvature radius of the second circular arc gradually increases from an edge to a middle. 8. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein an arc length of the second circular arc is greater than an arc length of the first circular arc. 9. The display panel according to claim 4, wherein a cross section of a contact surface between the second organic layer and the second inorganic layer is a third circular arc; the third circular arc is located at an edge region of the lighting path of the electronic component, and the center of the third circular arc is located at one side of the second organic layer. 10. The display panel according to claim 9, wherein a curvature radius of the third circular arc gradually increases from an edge to a middle. 11. The display panel according to claim 10, wherein an arc length of the third circular arc is greater than an arc length of the first circular arc. 12. A display device comprising the display panel according to claim 1, comprising:
a base substrate; a driving circuit layer disposed on the base substrate; a light emitting functional layer disposed on the driving circuit layer; and an encapsulation layer disposed on the light emitting functional layer and comprising at least a first organic layer and a first inorganic layer that are stacked, wherein a refractive index of the first organic layer is less than a refractive index of the first inorganic layer; wherein in an electronic component arrangement area, a cross section of a contact surface between the first organic layer and the first inorganic layer is a first circular arc; the first circular arc is located on a lighting path of an electronic component, and a center of the first circular arc is located on one side of the first inorganic layer. 13. The display device according to claim 12, further comprising a first pressure-sensitive adhesive disposed on the display panel and a polarizer disposed on the first pressure-sensitive adhesive. 14. The display device according to claim 13, wherein a cross section of a contact surface between the polarizer and the first pressure-sensitive adhesive is a fourth circular arc; the fourth circular arc is located on the lighting path of the electronic component; and a center of the fourth circular arc is located on the polarizer. 15. The display device according to claim 14, wherein a curvature radius of the fourth circular arc gradually increases from an edge to a middle. 16. The display device according to claim 15, wherein an arc length of the fourth circular arc is greater than an arc length of the first circular arc. 17. The display device according to claim 12, further comprising a touch panel disposed on the polarizer, wherein the touch panel comprises at least a third organic layer and a third inorganic layer that are stacked. 18. The display device according to claim 17, wherein a cross section of a contact surface between the third organic layer and the third inorganic layer is a fifth circular arc; the fifth circular arc is located on the lighting path of the electronic component, and a center of the fifth circular arc is located on one side of the third inorganic layer. 19. The display device according to claim 18, wherein a curvature radius of the fifth circular arc gradually increases from an edge to a middle. 20. The display device according to claim 19, wherein an arc length of the fifth circular arc is greater than an arc length of the first circular arc. | A display panel and a display device are provided. An encapsulation layer of the display panel includes at least a first organic layer and a first inorganic layer that are stacked. In a corresponding electronic component arrangement area, a cross section of a contact surface of the first organic layer and the first inorganic layer is an arc, so that a part of light blocked by a sub-pixel light-emitting unit can pass through a lighting path of an electronic component to reach a lighting unit after being refracted by the arc, thereby improving light extraction efficiency of the electronic component.1. A display panel, comprising:
a base substrate; a driving circuit layer disposed on the base substrate; a light emitting functional layer disposed on the driving circuit layer; and an encapsulation layer disposed on the light emitting functional layer and comprising at least a first organic layer and a first inorganic layer that are stacked, wherein a refractive index of the first organic layer is less than a refractive index of the first inorganic layer; wherein in an electronic component arrangement area, a cross section of a contact surface between the first organic layer and the first inorganic layer is a first circular arc; the first circular arc is located on a lighting path of an electronic component, and a center of the first circular arc is located on one side of the first inorganic layer. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein a curvature radius of the first circular arc gradually increases from an edge to a middle. 3. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the encapsulation layer further comprises a second organic layer and a second inorganic layer that are stacked, and a refractive index of the second organic layer is less than a refractive index of the second inorganic layer. 4. The display panel according to claim 3, wherein the second organic layer is disposed on the first inorganic layer. 5. The display panel according to claim 3, wherein the first organic layer is disposed on the second inorganic layer. 6. The display panel according to claim 4, wherein in the electronic component arrangement area, a cross section of a contact surface between the second organic layer and the second inorganic layer is a second circular arc; the second circular arc is located on the lighting path of the electronic component, and a center of the second circular arc is located on one side of the second inorganic layer. 7. The display panel according to claim 6, wherein a curvature radius of the second circular arc gradually increases from an edge to a middle. 8. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein an arc length of the second circular arc is greater than an arc length of the first circular arc. 9. The display panel according to claim 4, wherein a cross section of a contact surface between the second organic layer and the second inorganic layer is a third circular arc; the third circular arc is located at an edge region of the lighting path of the electronic component, and the center of the third circular arc is located at one side of the second organic layer. 10. The display panel according to claim 9, wherein a curvature radius of the third circular arc gradually increases from an edge to a middle. 11. The display panel according to claim 10, wherein an arc length of the third circular arc is greater than an arc length of the first circular arc. 12. A display device comprising the display panel according to claim 1, comprising:
a base substrate; a driving circuit layer disposed on the base substrate; a light emitting functional layer disposed on the driving circuit layer; and an encapsulation layer disposed on the light emitting functional layer and comprising at least a first organic layer and a first inorganic layer that are stacked, wherein a refractive index of the first organic layer is less than a refractive index of the first inorganic layer; wherein in an electronic component arrangement area, a cross section of a contact surface between the first organic layer and the first inorganic layer is a first circular arc; the first circular arc is located on a lighting path of an electronic component, and a center of the first circular arc is located on one side of the first inorganic layer. 13. The display device according to claim 12, further comprising a first pressure-sensitive adhesive disposed on the display panel and a polarizer disposed on the first pressure-sensitive adhesive. 14. The display device according to claim 13, wherein a cross section of a contact surface between the polarizer and the first pressure-sensitive adhesive is a fourth circular arc; the fourth circular arc is located on the lighting path of the electronic component; and a center of the fourth circular arc is located on the polarizer. 15. The display device according to claim 14, wherein a curvature radius of the fourth circular arc gradually increases from an edge to a middle. 16. The display device according to claim 15, wherein an arc length of the fourth circular arc is greater than an arc length of the first circular arc. 17. The display device according to claim 12, further comprising a touch panel disposed on the polarizer, wherein the touch panel comprises at least a third organic layer and a third inorganic layer that are stacked. 18. The display device according to claim 17, wherein a cross section of a contact surface between the third organic layer and the third inorganic layer is a fifth circular arc; the fifth circular arc is located on the lighting path of the electronic component, and a center of the fifth circular arc is located on one side of the third inorganic layer. 19. The display device according to claim 18, wherein a curvature radius of the fifth circular arc gradually increases from an edge to a middle. 20. The display device according to claim 19, wherein an arc length of the fifth circular arc is greater than an arc length of the first circular arc. | 3,700 |
340,753 | 16,642,232 | 3,732 | A music piece analyzer includes: a beat-position-acquiring-unit configured to detect beat positions in music piece data; a snare drum detector configured to detect sounding positions of a snare drum in the music piece data; a bass drum detector configured to detect sounding positions of a bass drum in the music piece data; a one-beat-shift-determination-unit configured to determine whether a bar beginning of the music piece data is shifted by one beat based upon the sounding positions of the snare drum detected by the snare drum detector; a two-beat-shift-determination-unit configured to determine whether the bar beginning of the music piece data is shifted by two beats on a basis of the sounding positions of the bass drum detected by the bass drum detector; and a bar-beginning-setting-unit configured to set the bar beginning of the music piece data on a basis of results determined by the one-beat-shift-determination-unit and the two-beat-shift-determination-unit. | 1. A music piece analyzer comprising:
a beat position acquiring unit configured to detect beat positions in music piece data or acquire the beat positions detected by an external device; a snare drum detector configured to detect sounding positions of a snare drum in the music piece data or acquire the sounding positions of the snare drum detected by an external device; a bass drum detector configured to detect sounding positions of a bass drum in the music piece data or acquire the sounding positions of the bass drum detected by an external device; a detector configured to detect ones of the sounding positions of the bass drum which are positions one beat before the sounding positions of the snare drum; and a bar beginning setting unit configured to set, as a bar beginning, the sounding positions of the bass drum at which a sound power of the bass drum is above the sound power thereof at a beginning position of the music piece data by a predetermined threshold or more. 2. A music piece analyzer comprising:
a beat position acquiring unit configured to detect beat positions in music piece data or acquire the beat positions detected by an external device; a snare drum detector configured to detect sounding positions of a snare drum in the music piece data or acquire the sounding positions of the snare drum detected by an external device; a bass drum detector configured to detect sounding positions of a bass drum in the music piece data or acquire the sounding positions of the bass drum detected by an external device; a one-beat shift determination unit configured to determine whether a bar beginning of the music piece data is shifted by one beat on a basis of the sounding positions of the snare drum detected by the snare drum detector; a two-beat shift determination unit configured to determine whether the bar beginning of the music piece data is shifted by two beats on a basis of the sounding positions of the bass drum detected by the bass drum detector; and a bar beginning setting unit configured to set the bar beginning of the music piece data on a basis of results determined by the one-beat shift determination unit and the two-beat shift determination unit. 3. The music piece analyzer according to claim 2, wherein
the one-beat shift determination unit determines whether the sounding positions of the snare drum are at second and fourth beats or first and third beats, and the two-beat shift determination unit determines whether the sounding positions of the bass drum are at the first beat or the third beat. 4. The music piece analyzer according to claim 2, wherein
the two-beat shift determination unit performs the determination at an accuracy of an interval of a semiquaver. 5. A computer-readable medium that stores a program code configured to enable a computer to function as:
when read and run by the computer,
a beat position acquiring unit configured to detect beat positions in music piece data or acquire beat positions detected by an external device;
a snare drum detector configured to detect sounding positions of a snare drum in the music piece data or acquire the sounding positions of the snare drum detected by an external device;
a bass drum detector configured to detect sounding positions of a bass drum in the music piece data or acquire the sounding positions of the bass drum detected by an external device;
a one-beat shift determination unit configured to determine whether a bar beginning of the music piece data is shifted by one beat on a basis of the sounding positions of the snare drum detected by the snare drum detector;
a two-beat shift determination unit configured to determine whether the bar beginning of the music piece data is shifted by two beats on a basis of the sounding positions of the bass drum detected by the bass drum detector; and
a bar beginning setting unit configured to set the bar beginning of the music piece data on a basis of results determined by the one-beat shift determination unit and the two-beat shift determination unit. | A music piece analyzer includes: a beat-position-acquiring-unit configured to detect beat positions in music piece data; a snare drum detector configured to detect sounding positions of a snare drum in the music piece data; a bass drum detector configured to detect sounding positions of a bass drum in the music piece data; a one-beat-shift-determination-unit configured to determine whether a bar beginning of the music piece data is shifted by one beat based upon the sounding positions of the snare drum detected by the snare drum detector; a two-beat-shift-determination-unit configured to determine whether the bar beginning of the music piece data is shifted by two beats on a basis of the sounding positions of the bass drum detected by the bass drum detector; and a bar-beginning-setting-unit configured to set the bar beginning of the music piece data on a basis of results determined by the one-beat-shift-determination-unit and the two-beat-shift-determination-unit.1. A music piece analyzer comprising:
a beat position acquiring unit configured to detect beat positions in music piece data or acquire the beat positions detected by an external device; a snare drum detector configured to detect sounding positions of a snare drum in the music piece data or acquire the sounding positions of the snare drum detected by an external device; a bass drum detector configured to detect sounding positions of a bass drum in the music piece data or acquire the sounding positions of the bass drum detected by an external device; a detector configured to detect ones of the sounding positions of the bass drum which are positions one beat before the sounding positions of the snare drum; and a bar beginning setting unit configured to set, as a bar beginning, the sounding positions of the bass drum at which a sound power of the bass drum is above the sound power thereof at a beginning position of the music piece data by a predetermined threshold or more. 2. A music piece analyzer comprising:
a beat position acquiring unit configured to detect beat positions in music piece data or acquire the beat positions detected by an external device; a snare drum detector configured to detect sounding positions of a snare drum in the music piece data or acquire the sounding positions of the snare drum detected by an external device; a bass drum detector configured to detect sounding positions of a bass drum in the music piece data or acquire the sounding positions of the bass drum detected by an external device; a one-beat shift determination unit configured to determine whether a bar beginning of the music piece data is shifted by one beat on a basis of the sounding positions of the snare drum detected by the snare drum detector; a two-beat shift determination unit configured to determine whether the bar beginning of the music piece data is shifted by two beats on a basis of the sounding positions of the bass drum detected by the bass drum detector; and a bar beginning setting unit configured to set the bar beginning of the music piece data on a basis of results determined by the one-beat shift determination unit and the two-beat shift determination unit. 3. The music piece analyzer according to claim 2, wherein
the one-beat shift determination unit determines whether the sounding positions of the snare drum are at second and fourth beats or first and third beats, and the two-beat shift determination unit determines whether the sounding positions of the bass drum are at the first beat or the third beat. 4. The music piece analyzer according to claim 2, wherein
the two-beat shift determination unit performs the determination at an accuracy of an interval of a semiquaver. 5. A computer-readable medium that stores a program code configured to enable a computer to function as:
when read and run by the computer,
a beat position acquiring unit configured to detect beat positions in music piece data or acquire beat positions detected by an external device;
a snare drum detector configured to detect sounding positions of a snare drum in the music piece data or acquire the sounding positions of the snare drum detected by an external device;
a bass drum detector configured to detect sounding positions of a bass drum in the music piece data or acquire the sounding positions of the bass drum detected by an external device;
a one-beat shift determination unit configured to determine whether a bar beginning of the music piece data is shifted by one beat on a basis of the sounding positions of the snare drum detected by the snare drum detector;
a two-beat shift determination unit configured to determine whether the bar beginning of the music piece data is shifted by two beats on a basis of the sounding positions of the bass drum detected by the bass drum detector; and
a bar beginning setting unit configured to set the bar beginning of the music piece data on a basis of results determined by the one-beat shift determination unit and the two-beat shift determination unit. | 3,700 |
340,754 | 16,642,239 | 3,732 | The present invention concerns a single crystalline diamond optical element production method. The method includes the steps of: —providing a single crystalline diamond substrate or layer; —applying a mask layer to the single crystalline diamond substrate or C layer; —forming at least one or a plurality of indentations or recesses through the mask layer to expose a portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer, and —etching the exposed portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer. | 1. Single crystalline diamond optical element production method including the steps of:
providing a single crystalline diamond substrate or layer; applying a mask layer to the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer; forming at least one or a plurality of indentations or recesses through the mask layer to expose a portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer; and etching the exposed portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer. 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the etching of the exposed portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer is carried out using an oxygen-based plasma etch; or wherein the etching of the exposed portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer is carried out at an elevated temperature in an oxygen rich environment and is a non-plasma etch. 3. Method according to claim 1, wherein the etching of the exposed portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer is carried out using an oxygen-based plasma etch, and without physical etching via acceleration of plasma created ions against the exposed portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer or at an acceleration level of the plasma created ions allowing crystallographic etching or anisotropic etching along one or more crystal planes to occur. 4. Method according to the previous claim 1, wherein the etching of the exposed portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer is carried out using only an O2 plasma etching. 5. (canceled) 6. Method according to claim 1, wherein the etching is carried out to etch in the <100> crystal direction of the single crystal diamond substrate or layer to reveal at least one crystal plane, and the at least one revealed crystalline plane or surface of the plane of the single crystal diamond substrate or layer is etched to produce a triangular groove structure in the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer. 7. Method according to the claim 6, wherein the etching is carried out to let the etch front encounter a (111) plane of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer and continued to produce the triangular groove structure in the the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer. 8. Method according to claim 1, wherein the etching is carried out to etch in the crystal direction of the single crystal diamond substrate or layer to produce a rectangular groove structure in the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer. 9. Method according to claim 8, wherein the etching is carried out to let the etch front encounter a plane of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer and continued to produce the rectangular groove structure in the the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer. 10. Method according to claim 6, further including the step of removing an upper section comprising a top diamond part and the mask layer material to expose a triangular or rectangular grooved surface. 11. (canceled) 12. Method according to claim 1, wherein the mask layer comprises or consists solely of a material that etches slower than single crystalline diamond exposed to an oxygen-based plasma etch. 13.-16. (canceled) 17. Method according to claim 1, wherein the provided single crystalline diamond substrate or layer is a miscut single crystalline diamond substrate or layer comprising a surface of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer defining a predetermined angle with respect to a direction of the crystalline diamond substrate or layer for producing an asymmetric optical structure or a blazed optical grating. 18. Method according to claim 1, further including the step of providing a profile forming layer on the mask layer for forming the at least one indentation or the plurality of indentations in the mask layer, and further including the step of forming at least one or a plurality of indentations or recesses through the profile forming layer to expose a portion or portions of the mask layer. 19. (canceled) 20. Method according to claim 18, further including the step of lithographically defining at least one or a plurality of indentations or recesses in the profile forming layer wherein the lithographically defined at least one or plurality of indentations or recesses are aligned in the <100> or <110> direction of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer. 21.-22. (canceled) 23. Method according to claim 18, wherein the profile forming layer comprises or consists solely of a photoresist and at least one or a plurality of indentations or recesses are formed through the profile forming layer, to expose at least one portion or portions of the mask layer, by applying a photoresist developer to at least one or a plurality of lithographically exposed indentations or recesses in the profile forming layer. 24. Method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one or the plurality of indentations or recesses comprise or consist solely of grooves or elongated depressions. 25. Method according to the previous claim, further including the step of removing an outer section or outer sections of the profile forming layer so that a central section the profile forming layer remains on the mask layer for forming the at least one indentation or the plurality of indentations in an inner area of the mask layer. 26. (canceled) 27. Method according to claim 1, wherein the single crystalline diamond optical element or is an optical grating or beam splitter element. 28.-31. (canceled) 32. Single crystalline diamond optical element produced according to the method of claim 1 wherein the single crystalline diamond optical element comprises atomically smooth optical surfaces. 33.-35. (canceled) 36. Single crystalline diamond optical element according to claim 32, wherein the single crystalline diamond optical element includes an etched grating optical surface defining an angle α with a planar surface of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer, where 50°≤α≤65° or 54.7°≤α≤57°. 37.-48. (canceled) 49. Single crystalline diamond optical element, wherein the single crystalline diamond optical element is obtained according to a process comprising the following steps:
providing a single crystalline diamond substrate or layer; applying a mask layer to the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer; forming at least one or a plurality of indentations or recesses through the mask layer to expose a portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer; and reactive ion etching the exposed portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer. | The present invention concerns a single crystalline diamond optical element production method. The method includes the steps of: —providing a single crystalline diamond substrate or layer; —applying a mask layer to the single crystalline diamond substrate or C layer; —forming at least one or a plurality of indentations or recesses through the mask layer to expose a portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer, and —etching the exposed portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer.1. Single crystalline diamond optical element production method including the steps of:
providing a single crystalline diamond substrate or layer; applying a mask layer to the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer; forming at least one or a plurality of indentations or recesses through the mask layer to expose a portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer; and etching the exposed portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer. 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the etching of the exposed portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer is carried out using an oxygen-based plasma etch; or wherein the etching of the exposed portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer is carried out at an elevated temperature in an oxygen rich environment and is a non-plasma etch. 3. Method according to claim 1, wherein the etching of the exposed portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer is carried out using an oxygen-based plasma etch, and without physical etching via acceleration of plasma created ions against the exposed portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer or at an acceleration level of the plasma created ions allowing crystallographic etching or anisotropic etching along one or more crystal planes to occur. 4. Method according to the previous claim 1, wherein the etching of the exposed portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer is carried out using only an O2 plasma etching. 5. (canceled) 6. Method according to claim 1, wherein the etching is carried out to etch in the <100> crystal direction of the single crystal diamond substrate or layer to reveal at least one crystal plane, and the at least one revealed crystalline plane or surface of the plane of the single crystal diamond substrate or layer is etched to produce a triangular groove structure in the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer. 7. Method according to the claim 6, wherein the etching is carried out to let the etch front encounter a (111) plane of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer and continued to produce the triangular groove structure in the the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer. 8. Method according to claim 1, wherein the etching is carried out to etch in the crystal direction of the single crystal diamond substrate or layer to produce a rectangular groove structure in the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer. 9. Method according to claim 8, wherein the etching is carried out to let the etch front encounter a plane of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer and continued to produce the rectangular groove structure in the the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer. 10. Method according to claim 6, further including the step of removing an upper section comprising a top diamond part and the mask layer material to expose a triangular or rectangular grooved surface. 11. (canceled) 12. Method according to claim 1, wherein the mask layer comprises or consists solely of a material that etches slower than single crystalline diamond exposed to an oxygen-based plasma etch. 13.-16. (canceled) 17. Method according to claim 1, wherein the provided single crystalline diamond substrate or layer is a miscut single crystalline diamond substrate or layer comprising a surface of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer defining a predetermined angle with respect to a direction of the crystalline diamond substrate or layer for producing an asymmetric optical structure or a blazed optical grating. 18. Method according to claim 1, further including the step of providing a profile forming layer on the mask layer for forming the at least one indentation or the plurality of indentations in the mask layer, and further including the step of forming at least one or a plurality of indentations or recesses through the profile forming layer to expose a portion or portions of the mask layer. 19. (canceled) 20. Method according to claim 18, further including the step of lithographically defining at least one or a plurality of indentations or recesses in the profile forming layer wherein the lithographically defined at least one or plurality of indentations or recesses are aligned in the <100> or <110> direction of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer. 21.-22. (canceled) 23. Method according to claim 18, wherein the profile forming layer comprises or consists solely of a photoresist and at least one or a plurality of indentations or recesses are formed through the profile forming layer, to expose at least one portion or portions of the mask layer, by applying a photoresist developer to at least one or a plurality of lithographically exposed indentations or recesses in the profile forming layer. 24. Method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one or the plurality of indentations or recesses comprise or consist solely of grooves or elongated depressions. 25. Method according to the previous claim, further including the step of removing an outer section or outer sections of the profile forming layer so that a central section the profile forming layer remains on the mask layer for forming the at least one indentation or the plurality of indentations in an inner area of the mask layer. 26. (canceled) 27. Method according to claim 1, wherein the single crystalline diamond optical element or is an optical grating or beam splitter element. 28.-31. (canceled) 32. Single crystalline diamond optical element produced according to the method of claim 1 wherein the single crystalline diamond optical element comprises atomically smooth optical surfaces. 33.-35. (canceled) 36. Single crystalline diamond optical element according to claim 32, wherein the single crystalline diamond optical element includes an etched grating optical surface defining an angle α with a planar surface of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer, where 50°≤α≤65° or 54.7°≤α≤57°. 37.-48. (canceled) 49. Single crystalline diamond optical element, wherein the single crystalline diamond optical element is obtained according to a process comprising the following steps:
providing a single crystalline diamond substrate or layer; applying a mask layer to the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer; forming at least one or a plurality of indentations or recesses through the mask layer to expose a portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer; and reactive ion etching the exposed portion or portions of the single crystalline diamond substrate or layer. | 3,700 |
340,755 | 16,642,226 | 3,732 | An object of the present invention is to provide a sensor unit that can detect a wide range of physical quantity changes with a higher degree of freedom than in the conventional art and is capable of reporting detection information, and a multiple-type sensor using the sensor unit. A flow sensor in the present invention includes a board, a sensor that is arranged on the board and detects a physical quantity change, a plurality of external connection terminals that are electrically connected to the sensor, and a reporting part that reports detection information of the sensor to the outside. In the present invention, a wide range of physical quantity changes can be detected with a higher degree of freedom. Connecting a plurality of sensor units enables use for various applications. | 1. A sensor unit, comprising:
a board; a sensor that is arranged on the board and detects a physical quantity change; a plurality of external connection terminals that are electrically connected to the sensor; and a reporting part that reports detection information of the sensor to the outside. 2. The sensor unit according to claim 1, wherein
the sensor unit is able to perform data communication through the external connection terminals. 3. The sensor unit according to claim 1, wherein
connection directions of the plurality of external connection terminals are made identifiable. 4. The sensor unit according to claim 3, wherein
the plurality of external connection terminals have different shapes and sizes. 5. The sensor unit according to claim 3, wherein
a mark indicating the connection direction is provided in at least one of the plurality of external connection terminals. 6. The sensor unit according to claim 1, wherein
the sensor, the external connection terminals, and the reporting part are arranged on the same front face side of the board. 7. The sensor unit according to claim 1, wherein
the sensor is arranged substantially at a center of the board, and the two external connection terminals are arranged at both sides of the sensor, respectively. 8. The sensor unit according to claim 1, wherein
the reporting part is a light-emitting part that emits light based on detection information of the sensor. 9. The sensor unit according to claim 1, wherein
the sensor is a flow rate detection part. 10. A multiple-type sensor, comprising:
a sensor unit that includes a board, a sensor that is arranged on the board and detects a physical quantity change, a plurality of external connection terminals that are electrically connected to the sensor, and a reporting part that reports detection information of the sensor to the outside; and a communication cable that connects between a plurality of the sensor units, the sensor units being arranged, wherein the sensor units are able to perform data communication through the external connection terminals. | An object of the present invention is to provide a sensor unit that can detect a wide range of physical quantity changes with a higher degree of freedom than in the conventional art and is capable of reporting detection information, and a multiple-type sensor using the sensor unit. A flow sensor in the present invention includes a board, a sensor that is arranged on the board and detects a physical quantity change, a plurality of external connection terminals that are electrically connected to the sensor, and a reporting part that reports detection information of the sensor to the outside. In the present invention, a wide range of physical quantity changes can be detected with a higher degree of freedom. Connecting a plurality of sensor units enables use for various applications.1. A sensor unit, comprising:
a board; a sensor that is arranged on the board and detects a physical quantity change; a plurality of external connection terminals that are electrically connected to the sensor; and a reporting part that reports detection information of the sensor to the outside. 2. The sensor unit according to claim 1, wherein
the sensor unit is able to perform data communication through the external connection terminals. 3. The sensor unit according to claim 1, wherein
connection directions of the plurality of external connection terminals are made identifiable. 4. The sensor unit according to claim 3, wherein
the plurality of external connection terminals have different shapes and sizes. 5. The sensor unit according to claim 3, wherein
a mark indicating the connection direction is provided in at least one of the plurality of external connection terminals. 6. The sensor unit according to claim 1, wherein
the sensor, the external connection terminals, and the reporting part are arranged on the same front face side of the board. 7. The sensor unit according to claim 1, wherein
the sensor is arranged substantially at a center of the board, and the two external connection terminals are arranged at both sides of the sensor, respectively. 8. The sensor unit according to claim 1, wherein
the reporting part is a light-emitting part that emits light based on detection information of the sensor. 9. The sensor unit according to claim 1, wherein
the sensor is a flow rate detection part. 10. A multiple-type sensor, comprising:
a sensor unit that includes a board, a sensor that is arranged on the board and detects a physical quantity change, a plurality of external connection terminals that are electrically connected to the sensor, and a reporting part that reports detection information of the sensor to the outside; and a communication cable that connects between a plurality of the sensor units, the sensor units being arranged, wherein the sensor units are able to perform data communication through the external connection terminals. | 3,700 |
340,756 | 16,642,228 | 3,732 | In a first fluid circulation device, a heat exchanger, a tank that stores a first fluid liquefied by the heat exchanger, a first fluid pump that pumps the first fluid stored in the tank, a heater that heats the first fluid pumped from the first fluid pump, and a first fluid supply unit to which the first fluid is supplied from the heater are connected by a first pipe. A second fluid circulation device includes a cooler that cools a second fluid, causes the second fluid having been cooled by the cooler to circulate through a second pipe, and returns the second fluid to the cooler. The second pipe is connected to the heat exchanger and is connected to the tank and the first fluid pump, and the second fluid cools the first fluid in the heat exchanger, the tank, and the first fluid pump. | 1. A fluid supply apparatus comprising:
a first fluid circulation device including: a heat exchanger that cools and liquefies a first fluid; a tank that stores the first fluid liquefied by the heat exchanger; a pump that pumps the first fluid stored in the tank; a heater that heats the first fluid pumped from the pump; a first fluid supply unit that receives the first fluid supplied from the heater; and a first pipe that connects the heat exchanger, tank, pump, heater, and first fluid supply unit to each other, wherein the first fluid having been supplied to the first fluid supply unit is caused to flow out to the heat exchanger or flow of the first fluid is switchable between a state in which the first fluid is supplied from the heater to the first fluid supply unit and a state in which the heater causes the first fluid to flow out to the heat exchanger with no supply of the first fluid from the heater to the first fluid supply unit; and a second fluid circulation device including: a cooler that cools a second fluid; and a second pipe that causes the second fluid having been cooled by the cooler to circulate and returns the second fluid to the cooler, wherein the second pipe of the second fluid circulation device is connected to the heat exchanger and is connected to the tank and the pump, and the second fluid circulation device causes the second fluid and the first fluid to exchange heat with each other in the heat exchanger to cool the first fluid, and causes the second fluid and the first fluid to exchange heat with each other in the tank and the pump to cool the first fluid, wherein the first fluid is carbon dioxide, and the first fluid circulation device is configured to boost the pressure of the first fluid by the pump and heat the first fluid by the heater to generate a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. 2. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second pipe causes the second fluid to circulate through the pump, the tank, and the heat exchanger in this order. 3. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second pipe includes a pump connection portion connected to the pump so as to cool the first fluid by the second fluid in the pump, and a pump bypass portion bypassing the pump connection portion to send the second fluid downstream without causing the second fluid to circulate through the pump. 4. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the pump includes a case body and a pump cover, the pump cover is mounted in close contact with the case body, and the pump cover includes a cooling jacket, and the second pipe is connected to the cooling jacket of the pump cover. 5. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the tank includes a tank body and a tank cover, the tank cover is mounted in close contact with the tank body, and the tank cover includes a cooling jacket, and the second pipe is connected to the cooling jacket of the tank cover. 6. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second fluid is an ethylene glycol solution, an alcohol-based antifreeze, or a fluorine-based refrigerant. 7. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 6,
wherein the second fluid circulation device includes a second fluid heater that heats the second fluid cooled by the cooler, and the second pipe is connected to the heat exchanger, the tank, and the pump on a downstream side from the second fluid heater, the apparatus further comprising: a temperature sensor that detects a temperature of the first fluid in a portion downstream from the pump and upstream the heater in the first pipe; and a controller that adjusts a heating amount of the second fluid heater on the basis of a result of detection by the temperature sensor. | In a first fluid circulation device, a heat exchanger, a tank that stores a first fluid liquefied by the heat exchanger, a first fluid pump that pumps the first fluid stored in the tank, a heater that heats the first fluid pumped from the first fluid pump, and a first fluid supply unit to which the first fluid is supplied from the heater are connected by a first pipe. A second fluid circulation device includes a cooler that cools a second fluid, causes the second fluid having been cooled by the cooler to circulate through a second pipe, and returns the second fluid to the cooler. The second pipe is connected to the heat exchanger and is connected to the tank and the first fluid pump, and the second fluid cools the first fluid in the heat exchanger, the tank, and the first fluid pump.1. A fluid supply apparatus comprising:
a first fluid circulation device including: a heat exchanger that cools and liquefies a first fluid; a tank that stores the first fluid liquefied by the heat exchanger; a pump that pumps the first fluid stored in the tank; a heater that heats the first fluid pumped from the pump; a first fluid supply unit that receives the first fluid supplied from the heater; and a first pipe that connects the heat exchanger, tank, pump, heater, and first fluid supply unit to each other, wherein the first fluid having been supplied to the first fluid supply unit is caused to flow out to the heat exchanger or flow of the first fluid is switchable between a state in which the first fluid is supplied from the heater to the first fluid supply unit and a state in which the heater causes the first fluid to flow out to the heat exchanger with no supply of the first fluid from the heater to the first fluid supply unit; and a second fluid circulation device including: a cooler that cools a second fluid; and a second pipe that causes the second fluid having been cooled by the cooler to circulate and returns the second fluid to the cooler, wherein the second pipe of the second fluid circulation device is connected to the heat exchanger and is connected to the tank and the pump, and the second fluid circulation device causes the second fluid and the first fluid to exchange heat with each other in the heat exchanger to cool the first fluid, and causes the second fluid and the first fluid to exchange heat with each other in the tank and the pump to cool the first fluid, wherein the first fluid is carbon dioxide, and the first fluid circulation device is configured to boost the pressure of the first fluid by the pump and heat the first fluid by the heater to generate a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. 2. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second pipe causes the second fluid to circulate through the pump, the tank, and the heat exchanger in this order. 3. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second pipe includes a pump connection portion connected to the pump so as to cool the first fluid by the second fluid in the pump, and a pump bypass portion bypassing the pump connection portion to send the second fluid downstream without causing the second fluid to circulate through the pump. 4. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the pump includes a case body and a pump cover, the pump cover is mounted in close contact with the case body, and the pump cover includes a cooling jacket, and the second pipe is connected to the cooling jacket of the pump cover. 5. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the tank includes a tank body and a tank cover, the tank cover is mounted in close contact with the tank body, and the tank cover includes a cooling jacket, and the second pipe is connected to the cooling jacket of the tank cover. 6. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second fluid is an ethylene glycol solution, an alcohol-based antifreeze, or a fluorine-based refrigerant. 7. The fluid supply apparatus according to claim 6,
wherein the second fluid circulation device includes a second fluid heater that heats the second fluid cooled by the cooler, and the second pipe is connected to the heat exchanger, the tank, and the pump on a downstream side from the second fluid heater, the apparatus further comprising: a temperature sensor that detects a temperature of the first fluid in a portion downstream from the pump and upstream the heater in the first pipe; and a controller that adjusts a heating amount of the second fluid heater on the basis of a result of detection by the temperature sensor. | 3,700 |
340,757 | 16,642,230 | 3,732 | An embodiment of the invention relates to a communication node (CN, N1-N4) capable of communicating with other nodes in a communication system (10) according to a given communication sequence (S). The communication node comprises an analysis unit (110) configured to determine the optimal position of its communication node inside the communication sequence (S) as well as the corresponding optimal predecessor node. | 1-34: (canceled) 35. Communication node (CN, N1-N4) capable of communicating with other nodes in a communication system (10) according to a given communication sequence (S), wherein the communication node comprises an analysis unit (110) configured to determine the optimal position of its communication node inside the communication sequence (S) as well as the corresponding optimal predecessor node,
wherein
the communication system is a token-passing based wireless ring system where a token (T) is passed from node to node according to said given communication sequence which thereby forms a ringlike token passing sequence, wherein the communication node is configured to measure the channel quality regarding signals that are received from each of the other communication nodes of the communication system, and
wherein the communication node is further configured to forward respective measured quality values to its allocated, with respect to the ringlike token passing sequence, downstream communication node such that—after one ring cycle—each of the communication nodes (N1-N4) has knowledge about the quality of each possible communication link in the communication system (10). 36. Communication node of claim 35, characterized in that the communication node is configured to transmit the measured quality values as part of the token or within the token. 37. Communication node of claim 35, wherein the communication node is configured to generate a channel quality matrix based on the measured quality values. 38. Communication node of claim 37, wherein the communication node is configured to transmit the channel quality matrix to its allocated downstream communication node as part of the token or within the token. 39. Communication node of claim 35, characterized in that the analysis unit is configured to determine the optimal position of its communication node inside the communication sequence before joining the communication system. 40. Communication node of claim 35, wherein the token passing sequence is simple ring-shaped, such that after leaving a given node, the token reaches this given node again after completing the entire token passing sequence and having been forwarded by each of the other nodes of the token passing sequence. 41. Communication node of claim 35, wherein the token passing sequence is extended ring-shaped, such that one or more nodes receive and forward the token more than once during each token passing sequence. 42. Method of operating a communication node (CN, N1-N4) that is capable of communicating with other nodes in a communication system (10) according to a given communication sequence,
wherein the optimal position of the communication node inside the communication sequence as well as the corresponding optimal predecessor node is determined, characterized in that
wherein the communication system is a token-passing based wireless ring system where a token (T) is passed from node to node according to said given communication sequence which thereby forms a ringlike token passing sequence,
wherein the communication node measures the channel quality regarding signals that are received from each of the other communication nodes of the communication system, and
wherein the communication node further forwards respective measured quality values to its allocated downstream communication node, with respect to the ringlike token passing sequence, such that—after one ring cycle—each of the communication nodes (N1-N4) has knowledge about the quality of each possible communication link in the communication system (10). 43. Method of claim 42, wherein the communication node transmits the measured quality values as part of the token or within the token. 44. Method of claim 42, wherein the communication node generates a channel quality matrix based on the measured quality values. 45. Method of claim 44, wherein the communication node transmits the channel quality matrix to its allocated downstream communication node as part of the token or within the token. 46. Method of claim 42, characterized in that
the communication node is operated as a dedicated node that—after disruption of the communication system—receives quality data from former nodes of the communication system, determines an optimal new communication sequence, announces the new communication sequence, and solicits the entry of nodes into the communication system in accordance with the new communication sequence. 47. Method of claim 42, wherein the token passing sequence is simple ring-shaped, such that after leaving a given node, the token reaches this given node again after completing the entire token passing sequence and having been forwarded by each of the other nodes of the token passing sequence. 48. Method of claim 42, wherein the token passing sequence is extended ring-shaped, such that one or more nodes receive and forward the token more than once during each token passing sequence. 49. Communication system comprising nodes (CN, N1-N4) capable of communicating with other nodes in a communication system (10) according to a given communication sequence (S),
wherein each of the communication nodes comprises an analysis unit (110) configured to determine the optimal position of its communication node inside the communication sequence (S) as well as the corresponding optimal predecessor node,
wherein the communication system is a token-passing based wireless ring system where a token (T) is passed from node to node according to said given communication sequence which thereby forms a ringlike token passing sequence, and
wherein each communication node is configured to measure the channel quality regarding signals that are received from each of the other communication nodes of the communication system, and
wherein each of the communication nodes is further configured to forward respective measured quality values to its allocated—according the ringlike token passing sequence—downstream communication node such that—after one ring cycle—each of the communication nodes (N1-N4) has knowledge about the quality of each possible communication link in the communication system (10). 50. Communication system of claim 49, wherein each of the communication nodes is configured to transmit the measured quality values as part of the token or within the token. 51. Communication system of claim 49, wherein each of the communication node is configured to generate a channel quality matrix based on the measured quality values. 52. Communication system of claim 51, wherein each of the communication node is configured to transmit the channel quality matrix to its allocated downstream communication node as part of the token or within the token. 53. Communication system of claim 49, wherein the token passing sequence is simple ring-shaped, such that after leaving a given node, the token reaches this given node again after completing the entire token passing sequence and having been forwarded by each of the other nodes of the token passing sequence. 54. Communication system of claim 49, wherein the token passing sequence is extended ring-shaped, such that one or more nodes receive and forward the token more than once during each token passing sequence. | An embodiment of the invention relates to a communication node (CN, N1-N4) capable of communicating with other nodes in a communication system (10) according to a given communication sequence (S). The communication node comprises an analysis unit (110) configured to determine the optimal position of its communication node inside the communication sequence (S) as well as the corresponding optimal predecessor node.1-34: (canceled) 35. Communication node (CN, N1-N4) capable of communicating with other nodes in a communication system (10) according to a given communication sequence (S), wherein the communication node comprises an analysis unit (110) configured to determine the optimal position of its communication node inside the communication sequence (S) as well as the corresponding optimal predecessor node,
wherein
the communication system is a token-passing based wireless ring system where a token (T) is passed from node to node according to said given communication sequence which thereby forms a ringlike token passing sequence, wherein the communication node is configured to measure the channel quality regarding signals that are received from each of the other communication nodes of the communication system, and
wherein the communication node is further configured to forward respective measured quality values to its allocated, with respect to the ringlike token passing sequence, downstream communication node such that—after one ring cycle—each of the communication nodes (N1-N4) has knowledge about the quality of each possible communication link in the communication system (10). 36. Communication node of claim 35, characterized in that the communication node is configured to transmit the measured quality values as part of the token or within the token. 37. Communication node of claim 35, wherein the communication node is configured to generate a channel quality matrix based on the measured quality values. 38. Communication node of claim 37, wherein the communication node is configured to transmit the channel quality matrix to its allocated downstream communication node as part of the token or within the token. 39. Communication node of claim 35, characterized in that the analysis unit is configured to determine the optimal position of its communication node inside the communication sequence before joining the communication system. 40. Communication node of claim 35, wherein the token passing sequence is simple ring-shaped, such that after leaving a given node, the token reaches this given node again after completing the entire token passing sequence and having been forwarded by each of the other nodes of the token passing sequence. 41. Communication node of claim 35, wherein the token passing sequence is extended ring-shaped, such that one or more nodes receive and forward the token more than once during each token passing sequence. 42. Method of operating a communication node (CN, N1-N4) that is capable of communicating with other nodes in a communication system (10) according to a given communication sequence,
wherein the optimal position of the communication node inside the communication sequence as well as the corresponding optimal predecessor node is determined, characterized in that
wherein the communication system is a token-passing based wireless ring system where a token (T) is passed from node to node according to said given communication sequence which thereby forms a ringlike token passing sequence,
wherein the communication node measures the channel quality regarding signals that are received from each of the other communication nodes of the communication system, and
wherein the communication node further forwards respective measured quality values to its allocated downstream communication node, with respect to the ringlike token passing sequence, such that—after one ring cycle—each of the communication nodes (N1-N4) has knowledge about the quality of each possible communication link in the communication system (10). 43. Method of claim 42, wherein the communication node transmits the measured quality values as part of the token or within the token. 44. Method of claim 42, wherein the communication node generates a channel quality matrix based on the measured quality values. 45. Method of claim 44, wherein the communication node transmits the channel quality matrix to its allocated downstream communication node as part of the token or within the token. 46. Method of claim 42, characterized in that
the communication node is operated as a dedicated node that—after disruption of the communication system—receives quality data from former nodes of the communication system, determines an optimal new communication sequence, announces the new communication sequence, and solicits the entry of nodes into the communication system in accordance with the new communication sequence. 47. Method of claim 42, wherein the token passing sequence is simple ring-shaped, such that after leaving a given node, the token reaches this given node again after completing the entire token passing sequence and having been forwarded by each of the other nodes of the token passing sequence. 48. Method of claim 42, wherein the token passing sequence is extended ring-shaped, such that one or more nodes receive and forward the token more than once during each token passing sequence. 49. Communication system comprising nodes (CN, N1-N4) capable of communicating with other nodes in a communication system (10) according to a given communication sequence (S),
wherein each of the communication nodes comprises an analysis unit (110) configured to determine the optimal position of its communication node inside the communication sequence (S) as well as the corresponding optimal predecessor node,
wherein the communication system is a token-passing based wireless ring system where a token (T) is passed from node to node according to said given communication sequence which thereby forms a ringlike token passing sequence, and
wherein each communication node is configured to measure the channel quality regarding signals that are received from each of the other communication nodes of the communication system, and
wherein each of the communication nodes is further configured to forward respective measured quality values to its allocated—according the ringlike token passing sequence—downstream communication node such that—after one ring cycle—each of the communication nodes (N1-N4) has knowledge about the quality of each possible communication link in the communication system (10). 50. Communication system of claim 49, wherein each of the communication nodes is configured to transmit the measured quality values as part of the token or within the token. 51. Communication system of claim 49, wherein each of the communication node is configured to generate a channel quality matrix based on the measured quality values. 52. Communication system of claim 51, wherein each of the communication node is configured to transmit the channel quality matrix to its allocated downstream communication node as part of the token or within the token. 53. Communication system of claim 49, wherein the token passing sequence is simple ring-shaped, such that after leaving a given node, the token reaches this given node again after completing the entire token passing sequence and having been forwarded by each of the other nodes of the token passing sequence. 54. Communication system of claim 49, wherein the token passing sequence is extended ring-shaped, such that one or more nodes receive and forward the token more than once during each token passing sequence. | 3,700 |
340,758 | 16,642,233 | 3,732 | A method of treating a keloid in a subject, comprising: applying a pharmaceutical composition to a keloid or an area at risk of forming a keloid in a subject, wherein the composition includes an effective amount of a hyaluronan and an effective amount of a collagen, the weight ratio per unit volume of the hyaluronan to the collagen being greater than 1. | 1. A method of treating a keloid in a subject, comprising:
applying a pharmaceutical composition to a keloid or an area at risk of forming a keloid in a subject, wherein the composition includes an effective amount of a hyaluronan and an effective amount of a collagen, the weight ratio per unit volume of the hyaluronan to the collagen being greater than 1. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the hyaluronan to the collagen is equal to or greater than 2. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of the hyaluronan to the collagen is equal to or greater than 3. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is produced by a procedure including:
mixing a hyaluronan, a 0.001M-0.1M phosphate buffer solution at pH 7±2, and a 0.1%-0.9% NaCl solution to form a hyaluronan solution; providing a collagen solution; mixing the hyaluronan solution and the collagen solution at below 4° C. to obtain a mixture such that the weight ratio per unit volume of hyaluronan to collagen in the mixture is greater than 1; and adjusting the pH of the mixture to 7±1. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the pH of the hyaluronan solution is below 6. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the pH of the collagen solution is below 6. 7. The method of claim 1, where the area at risk of forming a keloid is an area from which a keloid scar has been surgically removed. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition further includes an additive selected from the group consisting of a nutrient, a biological active agent, an antimicrobial agent, a cell, an extracellular matrix component, and an excipient. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the molecular weight of the hyaluronan is 4 to 5000 kDa. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is capable of reducing the gene expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (Ovalbumin), plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2), collagen type1, fibronectin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), or connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in keloid fibroblasts. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the biological active agent is selected from the group consisting of an epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor, nerve growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, colony-stimulating factor, stem call factor, keratinocyte growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, glial-derived neurotropic factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, endothelial-monocyte activating polypeptide, epithelial neutrophil activating peptide, erythropoietin, bone morphogenetic protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BRAK, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and tumor necrosis factor. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the extracellular matrix component is selected from the group consisting of a collagen, hyaluronan, gelatin, fibronectin, elastin, tenascin, laminin, vitronectin, heparan sulfate, chondroitin, chondroitin sulfate, keratin, keratan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, carrageenan, heparin, chitin, chitosan, alginate, agarose, agar, cellulose, glycogen, fibrin, fibrinogen, clotting enzymes, polyglutamic acid, and synthetic polymer or derivative thereof. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein antimicrobial agent is an antibiotic, anti-microbial protein, or an anti-microbial peptide. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the cell is a stem cell, satellite cell, precursor cell, or tissue cell. 15. The method of claim 8, wherein the excipient is vaseline, glycerin or lecithin. 16. The method of claim 8, wherein the nutrient is a carbohydrate, amino acid, peptide, protein, fatty acid, lipid, vitamin, or mineral. 17. A pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a keloid in a subject, wherein the composition includes an effective amount of a hyaluronan and an effective amount of a collagen, the weight ratio of the hyaluronan to the collagen being greater than 1. 18. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 17, wherein the weight ratio of the hyaluronan to the collagen is equal to or greater than 2. 19. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 18, wherein the weight ratio of the hyaluronan to the collagen is equal to or greater than 3. 20. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 17, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is produced by a procedure including:
mixing a hyaluronan, a 0.001M to 0.1M phosphate buffer solution at pH 7±2, and a 0.1% to 0.9% NaCl solution to form a hyaluronan solution; providing a collagen solution; mixing the hyaluronan solution and the collagen solution at below 4° C. to obtain a mixture such that the weight ratio per unit volume of hyaluronan to collagen in the mixture is greater than 1; and adjusting the pH of the mixture to 7±1. 21. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 20, wherein the molecular weight of the hyaluronan is 4 to 5000 kDa, the pH of the hyaluronan solution is below 6, and the pH of the collagen solution is also below 6. 22-31. (canceled) | A method of treating a keloid in a subject, comprising: applying a pharmaceutical composition to a keloid or an area at risk of forming a keloid in a subject, wherein the composition includes an effective amount of a hyaluronan and an effective amount of a collagen, the weight ratio per unit volume of the hyaluronan to the collagen being greater than 1.1. A method of treating a keloid in a subject, comprising:
applying a pharmaceutical composition to a keloid or an area at risk of forming a keloid in a subject, wherein the composition includes an effective amount of a hyaluronan and an effective amount of a collagen, the weight ratio per unit volume of the hyaluronan to the collagen being greater than 1. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the hyaluronan to the collagen is equal to or greater than 2. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of the hyaluronan to the collagen is equal to or greater than 3. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is produced by a procedure including:
mixing a hyaluronan, a 0.001M-0.1M phosphate buffer solution at pH 7±2, and a 0.1%-0.9% NaCl solution to form a hyaluronan solution; providing a collagen solution; mixing the hyaluronan solution and the collagen solution at below 4° C. to obtain a mixture such that the weight ratio per unit volume of hyaluronan to collagen in the mixture is greater than 1; and adjusting the pH of the mixture to 7±1. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the pH of the hyaluronan solution is below 6. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the pH of the collagen solution is below 6. 7. The method of claim 1, where the area at risk of forming a keloid is an area from which a keloid scar has been surgically removed. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition further includes an additive selected from the group consisting of a nutrient, a biological active agent, an antimicrobial agent, a cell, an extracellular matrix component, and an excipient. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the molecular weight of the hyaluronan is 4 to 5000 kDa. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is capable of reducing the gene expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (Ovalbumin), plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2), collagen type1, fibronectin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), or connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in keloid fibroblasts. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the biological active agent is selected from the group consisting of an epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor, nerve growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, colony-stimulating factor, stem call factor, keratinocyte growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, glial-derived neurotropic factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, endothelial-monocyte activating polypeptide, epithelial neutrophil activating peptide, erythropoietin, bone morphogenetic protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BRAK, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and tumor necrosis factor. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the extracellular matrix component is selected from the group consisting of a collagen, hyaluronan, gelatin, fibronectin, elastin, tenascin, laminin, vitronectin, heparan sulfate, chondroitin, chondroitin sulfate, keratin, keratan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, carrageenan, heparin, chitin, chitosan, alginate, agarose, agar, cellulose, glycogen, fibrin, fibrinogen, clotting enzymes, polyglutamic acid, and synthetic polymer or derivative thereof. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein antimicrobial agent is an antibiotic, anti-microbial protein, or an anti-microbial peptide. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the cell is a stem cell, satellite cell, precursor cell, or tissue cell. 15. The method of claim 8, wherein the excipient is vaseline, glycerin or lecithin. 16. The method of claim 8, wherein the nutrient is a carbohydrate, amino acid, peptide, protein, fatty acid, lipid, vitamin, or mineral. 17. A pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a keloid in a subject, wherein the composition includes an effective amount of a hyaluronan and an effective amount of a collagen, the weight ratio of the hyaluronan to the collagen being greater than 1. 18. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 17, wherein the weight ratio of the hyaluronan to the collagen is equal to or greater than 2. 19. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 18, wherein the weight ratio of the hyaluronan to the collagen is equal to or greater than 3. 20. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 17, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is produced by a procedure including:
mixing a hyaluronan, a 0.001M to 0.1M phosphate buffer solution at pH 7±2, and a 0.1% to 0.9% NaCl solution to form a hyaluronan solution; providing a collagen solution; mixing the hyaluronan solution and the collagen solution at below 4° C. to obtain a mixture such that the weight ratio per unit volume of hyaluronan to collagen in the mixture is greater than 1; and adjusting the pH of the mixture to 7±1. 21. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 20, wherein the molecular weight of the hyaluronan is 4 to 5000 kDa, the pH of the hyaluronan solution is below 6, and the pH of the collagen solution is also below 6. 22-31. (canceled) | 3,700 |
340,759 | 16,642,236 | 3,732 | A converter assembly includes a converter unit having AC voltage connection points feeding in or tapping an alternating current, and first and second DC voltage connection points feeding in or tapping a direct current. Parallel series circuits associated with an AC voltage connection point each have first and second circuit connection points respective connected to first and second DC voltage connection points. Each series circuit has submodules connected in series. For each series circuit the AC voltage connection point divides submodules into submodule groups electrically close to first and electrically close to second series circuit connection points. One DC voltage connection point is grounded. For each series circuit the AC voltage connection point divides the submodules into a submodule group electrically close to and a submodule group electrically remote from ground. Submodule groups close to ground have a bipolar submodule and submodule groups remote from ground have unipolar submodules. | 1-16. (canceled) 17. A converter assembly, comprising:
at least one converter unit including at least two AC voltage connection points each configured for injecting or tapping an alternating current, and first and second DC voltage connection points each configured for injecting or tapping a direct current, one of said DC voltage connection points of said at least one converter unit being grounded; said at least one converter unit including series circuits each associated with a respective one of said AC voltage connection points, said series circuits being electrically connected in parallel; each of said series circuits including a respective first series circuit connection point connected to said first DC voltage connection point of said at least one converter unit, and a respective second series circuit connection point connected to said second DC voltage connection point of said at least one converter unit; each of said series circuits including respective series-connected submodules; said AC voltage connection point, in each of said series circuits, respectively subdividing said submodules into a submodule group being electrically closer to said first series circuit connection point and a submodule group being electrically closer to said second series circuit connection point; said AC voltage connection point, in each of said series circuits, respectively subdividing said submodules into a submodule group being electrically closer to ground and a submodule group being electrically more remote from ground; said submodule groups being closer to ground including at least one bipolar submodule; and said submodule groups being more remote from ground including exclusively unipolar submodules. 18. The converter assembly according to claim 17, wherein each of said submodule groups being closer to ground have a ratio between a number of said bipolar submodules and a total number of said submodules of between ¼ and ¾. 19. The converter assembly according to claim 17, wherein:
said at least one converter unit includes first and second converter units each having at least two respective AC voltage connection points for injecting or tapping an alternating current and respective first and second DC voltage connection points for injecting or tapping a direct current; said converter units each include a respective series circuit associated with each respective AC voltage connection point; said series circuits of each converter unit are respectively electrically connected in parallel; each series circuit has a respective first series circuit connection point connected to said first DC voltage connection point of a respective converter unit, and a respective second series circuit connection point connected to said second DC voltage connection point of a respective converter unit; each of said series circuits includes respective series-connected unipolar submodules and bipolar submodules; and said AC voltage connection point in in each of said series circuits respectively subdivides said submodules into a submodule group being electrically closer to said first series circuit connection point and a submodule group being electrically closer to said second series circuit connection point. 20. The converter assembly according to claim 19, wherein:
said first DC voltage connection point of said first converter unit forms a first DC voltage connection point of the converter assembly; said first DC voltage connection point of said second converter unit forms a second DC voltage connection point of the converter assembly; said second DC voltage connection points of said first and second converter units are grounded; and said AC voltage connection points of said first and second converter units, in pairs, form an AC voltage connection point of the converter assembly, either separately or in combination with other components. 21. The converter assembly according to claim 20, wherein:
said associated AC voltage connection point, in each of said series circuits of said first and second converter units, subdivides said submodules into one respective submodule group being electrically closer to ground and one respective submodule group being electrically more remote from ground; said submodule groups being closer to ground include at least one bipolar submodule; and said submodule groups being more remote from ground exclusively include unipolar submodules. 22. The converter assembly according to claim 21, wherein each of said submodule groups being closer to ground have a ratio between a number of said bipolar submodules and a total number of said submodules of between ¼ and ¾. 23. The converter assembly according to claim 17, which further comprises at least one voltage limiting device protecting said bipolar submodules against overvoltages. 24. The converter assembly according to claim 17, which further comprises dedicated voltage limiting devices each being electrically connected in parallel with a respective one of said bipolar submodules. 25. The converter assembly according to claim 24, wherein said bipolar submodules each include a respective capacitor, and said voltage limiting devices respectively limit a capacitor voltage of said capacitor of a respective associated bipolar submodule to a predefined maximum capacitor voltage. 26. The converter assembly according to claim 17, wherein each of said bipolar submodules, in at least one of said submodule groups being closer to ground, is mutually interconnected within their respective submodule group being closer to ground, to form a series circuit of bipolar submodules. 27. The converter assembly according to claim 26, which further comprises voltage limiting devices each being electrically connected in parallel with a respective one of said series circuits of bipolar submodules. 28. The converter assembly according to claim 27, wherein said bipolar submodules each include a respective capacitor, and said voltage limiting devices respectively limit a sum of capacitor voltages of said capacitors of said bipolar submodules in said respective series circuits of bipolar submodules to a predefined maximum total capacitor voltage. 29. The converter assembly according to claim 17, wherein said modules are configured to cause at least one of:
said unipolar submodules to only deliver a submodule voltage with a single polarity, or said bipolar submodules to optionally deliver a submodule voltage with a positive or a negative polarity, or said bipolar submodules to optionally deliver a submodule voltage with a positive or a negative polarity, but at different voltage levels. 30. The converter assembly according to claim 17, wherein in said modules, at least one of:
said unipolar submodules are each formed by a series circuit having two switches, each of said switches includes a switching element and a parallel-connected diode, and a capacitor is connected in parallel with said series circuit, or said bipolar submodules are each formed by two parallel-connected series circuits, each of said series circuits has two switches, each of said switches includes a switching element and a parallel-connected diode, and a capacitor is connected in parallel with said parallel circuit of said series circuits. 31. The converter assembly according to claim 24, wherein said voltage limiting devices include non-linear resistors or are formed by non-linear resistors. 32. The converter assembly according to claim 24, wherein said voltage limiting devices are arresters. | A converter assembly includes a converter unit having AC voltage connection points feeding in or tapping an alternating current, and first and second DC voltage connection points feeding in or tapping a direct current. Parallel series circuits associated with an AC voltage connection point each have first and second circuit connection points respective connected to first and second DC voltage connection points. Each series circuit has submodules connected in series. For each series circuit the AC voltage connection point divides submodules into submodule groups electrically close to first and electrically close to second series circuit connection points. One DC voltage connection point is grounded. For each series circuit the AC voltage connection point divides the submodules into a submodule group electrically close to and a submodule group electrically remote from ground. Submodule groups close to ground have a bipolar submodule and submodule groups remote from ground have unipolar submodules.1-16. (canceled) 17. A converter assembly, comprising:
at least one converter unit including at least two AC voltage connection points each configured for injecting or tapping an alternating current, and first and second DC voltage connection points each configured for injecting or tapping a direct current, one of said DC voltage connection points of said at least one converter unit being grounded; said at least one converter unit including series circuits each associated with a respective one of said AC voltage connection points, said series circuits being electrically connected in parallel; each of said series circuits including a respective first series circuit connection point connected to said first DC voltage connection point of said at least one converter unit, and a respective second series circuit connection point connected to said second DC voltage connection point of said at least one converter unit; each of said series circuits including respective series-connected submodules; said AC voltage connection point, in each of said series circuits, respectively subdividing said submodules into a submodule group being electrically closer to said first series circuit connection point and a submodule group being electrically closer to said second series circuit connection point; said AC voltage connection point, in each of said series circuits, respectively subdividing said submodules into a submodule group being electrically closer to ground and a submodule group being electrically more remote from ground; said submodule groups being closer to ground including at least one bipolar submodule; and said submodule groups being more remote from ground including exclusively unipolar submodules. 18. The converter assembly according to claim 17, wherein each of said submodule groups being closer to ground have a ratio between a number of said bipolar submodules and a total number of said submodules of between ¼ and ¾. 19. The converter assembly according to claim 17, wherein:
said at least one converter unit includes first and second converter units each having at least two respective AC voltage connection points for injecting or tapping an alternating current and respective first and second DC voltage connection points for injecting or tapping a direct current; said converter units each include a respective series circuit associated with each respective AC voltage connection point; said series circuits of each converter unit are respectively electrically connected in parallel; each series circuit has a respective first series circuit connection point connected to said first DC voltage connection point of a respective converter unit, and a respective second series circuit connection point connected to said second DC voltage connection point of a respective converter unit; each of said series circuits includes respective series-connected unipolar submodules and bipolar submodules; and said AC voltage connection point in in each of said series circuits respectively subdivides said submodules into a submodule group being electrically closer to said first series circuit connection point and a submodule group being electrically closer to said second series circuit connection point. 20. The converter assembly according to claim 19, wherein:
said first DC voltage connection point of said first converter unit forms a first DC voltage connection point of the converter assembly; said first DC voltage connection point of said second converter unit forms a second DC voltage connection point of the converter assembly; said second DC voltage connection points of said first and second converter units are grounded; and said AC voltage connection points of said first and second converter units, in pairs, form an AC voltage connection point of the converter assembly, either separately or in combination with other components. 21. The converter assembly according to claim 20, wherein:
said associated AC voltage connection point, in each of said series circuits of said first and second converter units, subdivides said submodules into one respective submodule group being electrically closer to ground and one respective submodule group being electrically more remote from ground; said submodule groups being closer to ground include at least one bipolar submodule; and said submodule groups being more remote from ground exclusively include unipolar submodules. 22. The converter assembly according to claim 21, wherein each of said submodule groups being closer to ground have a ratio between a number of said bipolar submodules and a total number of said submodules of between ¼ and ¾. 23. The converter assembly according to claim 17, which further comprises at least one voltage limiting device protecting said bipolar submodules against overvoltages. 24. The converter assembly according to claim 17, which further comprises dedicated voltage limiting devices each being electrically connected in parallel with a respective one of said bipolar submodules. 25. The converter assembly according to claim 24, wherein said bipolar submodules each include a respective capacitor, and said voltage limiting devices respectively limit a capacitor voltage of said capacitor of a respective associated bipolar submodule to a predefined maximum capacitor voltage. 26. The converter assembly according to claim 17, wherein each of said bipolar submodules, in at least one of said submodule groups being closer to ground, is mutually interconnected within their respective submodule group being closer to ground, to form a series circuit of bipolar submodules. 27. The converter assembly according to claim 26, which further comprises voltage limiting devices each being electrically connected in parallel with a respective one of said series circuits of bipolar submodules. 28. The converter assembly according to claim 27, wherein said bipolar submodules each include a respective capacitor, and said voltage limiting devices respectively limit a sum of capacitor voltages of said capacitors of said bipolar submodules in said respective series circuits of bipolar submodules to a predefined maximum total capacitor voltage. 29. The converter assembly according to claim 17, wherein said modules are configured to cause at least one of:
said unipolar submodules to only deliver a submodule voltage with a single polarity, or said bipolar submodules to optionally deliver a submodule voltage with a positive or a negative polarity, or said bipolar submodules to optionally deliver a submodule voltage with a positive or a negative polarity, but at different voltage levels. 30. The converter assembly according to claim 17, wherein in said modules, at least one of:
said unipolar submodules are each formed by a series circuit having two switches, each of said switches includes a switching element and a parallel-connected diode, and a capacitor is connected in parallel with said series circuit, or said bipolar submodules are each formed by two parallel-connected series circuits, each of said series circuits has two switches, each of said switches includes a switching element and a parallel-connected diode, and a capacitor is connected in parallel with said parallel circuit of said series circuits. 31. The converter assembly according to claim 24, wherein said voltage limiting devices include non-linear resistors or are formed by non-linear resistors. 32. The converter assembly according to claim 24, wherein said voltage limiting devices are arresters. | 3,700 |
340,760 | 16,642,252 | 3,732 | This electronic device has: a device body 10 that has a power switch 12; and a cover 20. The cover 20 has a cover body 21 that can be slid and removed, a switch window 24, a switch door 22, and a sliding member 23 that can slide from a first position located below to a second position located above. The device body 10 has a projection 10 p. The sliding member 23 has a claw 23 f. The lower end 22L of the switch door 22 comes into contact with the upper end 23U of the sliding member 23 when the door is closed, whereas contact with the upper end 23U ceases when the door is opened. A side surface 23 fs of the claw 23 f of the sliding member 23 comes into contact with a side surface 10 ps of the projection 10 p of the device body 10 when the sliding member 23 is at the first position, whereas contact with the side surface 10 ps ceases when the sliding member is at the second position. | 1. An electronic device, comprising:
a device main body including a power switch; and a cover configured to cover at least a part of the device main body including the power switch, the cover including:
a cover main body removably mounted to the device main body by being slid in a width direction or a depth direction;
a switch window, which is provided in the cover main body, and is configured to allow communication between the power switch and an outside of the cover so as to operate the power switch;
a switch door, which is mounted to the cover main body to be openable upward, and is configured to cover the switch window; and
a sliding member mounted adjacent to the switch door of the cover main body to be slidable from a first position as a lower position toward a second position as an upper position,
wherein the device main body has a projection protruding upward, wherein the sliding member has a claw protruding downward, wherein, when the switch door is closed, a lower end of the switch door is brought into contact with an upper end of the sliding member located at the first position, while, when the switch door is opened, the lower end is brought out of contact with the upper end of the sliding member, and wherein, when the sliding member is at the first position, a side surface of the claw of the sliding member in the width direction or the depth direction is brought into contact with a side surface of the projection of the device main body in the width direction or the depth direction, while, when the sliding member is at the second position, the side surface of the claw is brought out of contact with the side surface of the projection of the device main body in the width direction or the depth direction. 2. The electronic device according to claim 1,
wherein the switch door is mounted to the cover main body to be openable obliquely upward about a rotation axis extending in the depth direction or the width direction, and wherein the sliding member is mounted below the switch door of the cover main body to be slidable from the first position as the lower position toward the second position as the upper position. 3. The electronic device according to claim 1,
wherein the cover further includes a switch extension mounted to the cover main body to extend between the switch window and the power switch and to be displaceable in an operation direction of the power switch, and wherein the switch extension allows the power switch to be operated from the outside of the cover when the switch door is opened. 4. The electronic device according to claim 1,
wherein the switch door is urged to close, and wherein the sliding member is urged to stay at the first position. 5. The electronic device according to claim 4,
wherein the switch door is urged to close by its own weight, and wherein the sliding member is urged to stay at the first position by its own weight. 6. The electronic device according to claim 1, further comprising a cable lead-out portion from which to lead out a cable for electrical connection between the device main body and another electronic device. 7. An information processing apparatus, comprising the electronic device according to claim 1,
wherein the device main body further includes a controller configured to perform information processing, wherein the controller includes:
a calculator configured to perform arithmetic processing of information;
a storage configured to store at least program software; and
an information input/output unit configured to receive information that has not undergone the arithmetic processing as well as output information that has undergone the arithmetic processing, and
wherein the calculator is configured to perform the arithmetic processing based on the program software stored in the storage. 8. A POS terminal, comprising the information processing apparatus according to claim 7, the POS terminal further comprising a store-clerk display and a customer display. 9. The POS terminal according to claim 8, further comprising a receipt printer and a barcode reader. 10. A method of removing a cover of the electronic device according to claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
opening the switch door to bring the switch door out of contact with the upper end of the sliding member, to thereby allow the sliding member to slide to the second position; sliding the sliding member toward the second position to bring the side surface of the claw of the sliding member out of contact with the side surface of the projection of the device main body, to thereby allow the cover main body to slide in the width direction or the depth direction; and sliding the cover main body in the width direction or the depth direction to remove the cover main body from the device main body. 11. The electronic device according to claim 2,
wherein the cover further includes a switch extension mounted to the cover main body to extend between the switch window and the power switch and to be displaceable in an operation direction of the power switch, and wherein the switch extension allows the power switch to be operated from the outside of the cover when the switch door is opened. 12. The electronic device according to claim 2,
wherein the switch door is urged to close, and wherein the sliding member is urged to stay at the first position. 13. The electronic device according to claim 12,
wherein the switch door is urged to close by its own weight, and wherein the sliding member is urged to stay at the first position by its own weight. 14. The electronic device according to claim 3,
wherein the switch door is urged to close, and wherein the sliding member is urged to stay at the first position. 15. The electronic device according to claim 14,
wherein the switch door is urged to close by its own weight, and wherein the sliding member is urged to stay at the first position by its own weight. 16. The electronic device according to claim 2, further comprising a cable lead-out portion from which to lead out a cable for electrical connection between the device main body and another electronic device. 17. The electronic device according to claim 3, further comprising a cable lead-out portion from which to lead out a cable for electrical connection between the device main body and another electronic device. 18. The electronic device according to claim 4, further comprising a cable lead-out portion from which to lead out a cable for electrical connection between the device main body and another electronic device. 19. An information processing apparatus, comprising the electronic device according to claim 2,
wherein the device main body further includes a controller configured to perform information processing, wherein the controller includes:
a calculator configured to perform arithmetic processing of information;
a storage configured to store at least program software; and
an information input/output unit configured to receive information that has not undergone the arithmetic processing as well as output information that has undergone the arithmetic processing, and
wherein the calculator is configured to perform the arithmetic processing based on the program software stored in the storage. 20. A method of removing a cover of the electronic device according to claim 2, the method comprising the steps of:
opening the switch door to bring the switch door out of contact with the upper end of the sliding member, to thereby allow the sliding member to slide to the second position; sliding the sliding member toward the second position to bring the side surface of the claw of the sliding member out of contact with the side surface of the projection of the device main body, to thereby allow the cover main body to slide in the width direction or the depth direction; and
sliding the cover main body in the width direction or the depth direction to remove the cover main body from the device main body. | This electronic device has: a device body 10 that has a power switch 12; and a cover 20. The cover 20 has a cover body 21 that can be slid and removed, a switch window 24, a switch door 22, and a sliding member 23 that can slide from a first position located below to a second position located above. The device body 10 has a projection 10 p. The sliding member 23 has a claw 23 f. The lower end 22L of the switch door 22 comes into contact with the upper end 23U of the sliding member 23 when the door is closed, whereas contact with the upper end 23U ceases when the door is opened. A side surface 23 fs of the claw 23 f of the sliding member 23 comes into contact with a side surface 10 ps of the projection 10 p of the device body 10 when the sliding member 23 is at the first position, whereas contact with the side surface 10 ps ceases when the sliding member is at the second position.1. An electronic device, comprising:
a device main body including a power switch; and a cover configured to cover at least a part of the device main body including the power switch, the cover including:
a cover main body removably mounted to the device main body by being slid in a width direction or a depth direction;
a switch window, which is provided in the cover main body, and is configured to allow communication between the power switch and an outside of the cover so as to operate the power switch;
a switch door, which is mounted to the cover main body to be openable upward, and is configured to cover the switch window; and
a sliding member mounted adjacent to the switch door of the cover main body to be slidable from a first position as a lower position toward a second position as an upper position,
wherein the device main body has a projection protruding upward, wherein the sliding member has a claw protruding downward, wherein, when the switch door is closed, a lower end of the switch door is brought into contact with an upper end of the sliding member located at the first position, while, when the switch door is opened, the lower end is brought out of contact with the upper end of the sliding member, and wherein, when the sliding member is at the first position, a side surface of the claw of the sliding member in the width direction or the depth direction is brought into contact with a side surface of the projection of the device main body in the width direction or the depth direction, while, when the sliding member is at the second position, the side surface of the claw is brought out of contact with the side surface of the projection of the device main body in the width direction or the depth direction. 2. The electronic device according to claim 1,
wherein the switch door is mounted to the cover main body to be openable obliquely upward about a rotation axis extending in the depth direction or the width direction, and wherein the sliding member is mounted below the switch door of the cover main body to be slidable from the first position as the lower position toward the second position as the upper position. 3. The electronic device according to claim 1,
wherein the cover further includes a switch extension mounted to the cover main body to extend between the switch window and the power switch and to be displaceable in an operation direction of the power switch, and wherein the switch extension allows the power switch to be operated from the outside of the cover when the switch door is opened. 4. The electronic device according to claim 1,
wherein the switch door is urged to close, and wherein the sliding member is urged to stay at the first position. 5. The electronic device according to claim 4,
wherein the switch door is urged to close by its own weight, and wherein the sliding member is urged to stay at the first position by its own weight. 6. The electronic device according to claim 1, further comprising a cable lead-out portion from which to lead out a cable for electrical connection between the device main body and another electronic device. 7. An information processing apparatus, comprising the electronic device according to claim 1,
wherein the device main body further includes a controller configured to perform information processing, wherein the controller includes:
a calculator configured to perform arithmetic processing of information;
a storage configured to store at least program software; and
an information input/output unit configured to receive information that has not undergone the arithmetic processing as well as output information that has undergone the arithmetic processing, and
wherein the calculator is configured to perform the arithmetic processing based on the program software stored in the storage. 8. A POS terminal, comprising the information processing apparatus according to claim 7, the POS terminal further comprising a store-clerk display and a customer display. 9. The POS terminal according to claim 8, further comprising a receipt printer and a barcode reader. 10. A method of removing a cover of the electronic device according to claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
opening the switch door to bring the switch door out of contact with the upper end of the sliding member, to thereby allow the sliding member to slide to the second position; sliding the sliding member toward the second position to bring the side surface of the claw of the sliding member out of contact with the side surface of the projection of the device main body, to thereby allow the cover main body to slide in the width direction or the depth direction; and sliding the cover main body in the width direction or the depth direction to remove the cover main body from the device main body. 11. The electronic device according to claim 2,
wherein the cover further includes a switch extension mounted to the cover main body to extend between the switch window and the power switch and to be displaceable in an operation direction of the power switch, and wherein the switch extension allows the power switch to be operated from the outside of the cover when the switch door is opened. 12. The electronic device according to claim 2,
wherein the switch door is urged to close, and wherein the sliding member is urged to stay at the first position. 13. The electronic device according to claim 12,
wherein the switch door is urged to close by its own weight, and wherein the sliding member is urged to stay at the first position by its own weight. 14. The electronic device according to claim 3,
wherein the switch door is urged to close, and wherein the sliding member is urged to stay at the first position. 15. The electronic device according to claim 14,
wherein the switch door is urged to close by its own weight, and wherein the sliding member is urged to stay at the first position by its own weight. 16. The electronic device according to claim 2, further comprising a cable lead-out portion from which to lead out a cable for electrical connection between the device main body and another electronic device. 17. The electronic device according to claim 3, further comprising a cable lead-out portion from which to lead out a cable for electrical connection between the device main body and another electronic device. 18. The electronic device according to claim 4, further comprising a cable lead-out portion from which to lead out a cable for electrical connection between the device main body and another electronic device. 19. An information processing apparatus, comprising the electronic device according to claim 2,
wherein the device main body further includes a controller configured to perform information processing, wherein the controller includes:
a calculator configured to perform arithmetic processing of information;
a storage configured to store at least program software; and
an information input/output unit configured to receive information that has not undergone the arithmetic processing as well as output information that has undergone the arithmetic processing, and
wherein the calculator is configured to perform the arithmetic processing based on the program software stored in the storage. 20. A method of removing a cover of the electronic device according to claim 2, the method comprising the steps of:
opening the switch door to bring the switch door out of contact with the upper end of the sliding member, to thereby allow the sliding member to slide to the second position; sliding the sliding member toward the second position to bring the side surface of the claw of the sliding member out of contact with the side surface of the projection of the device main body, to thereby allow the cover main body to slide in the width direction or the depth direction; and
sliding the cover main body in the width direction or the depth direction to remove the cover main body from the device main body. | 3,700 |
340,761 | 16,642,263 | 3,732 | There is provided a coaxial connector device that enables a reduction in deterioration in signal quality and transmission characteristics at high frequencies. A coaxial connector device 1 includes a main connector 10 and a board connector 20. A main connector body 11 has a first fitting part R1 for a coaxial cable connector at one end and a second fitting part R2 at the other end. Inside the main connector body 11, a center contact 13 and a card edge substrate 17 electrically connected to the center contact 13 are included. In a board connector body 21 a slot 23 is formed. When the second fitting part R2 of the main connector 10 is fitted to the board connector 20, the end portion of the card edge substrate 17 is coupled to the slot 23 of the board connector body 21, a plurality of substrate contacts included in the card edge substrate 17 electrically contacts a plurality of inner contacts 25 of the board connector body 21, and the second fitting part R2 of the main connector body 11 electrically contacts an outer conductor contact 27. | 1. A coaxial connector device for electrically connecting a coaxial cable connector and a printed circuit board, the device comprising:
a main connector; and a board connector to be mounted on a printed circuit board, the main connector including
a conductive main connector body having a first fitting part for a coaxial cable connector at one end and a second fitting part at the other end;
a center contact positioned, inside the main connector body, on a side with the first fitting part; and
a card edge substrate positioned, inside the main connector body, on a side with the second fitting part, the card edge substrate being electrically connected to the center contact,
the board connector including
a board connector body in which a slot is formed, the board connector body being provided with a plurality of contacts in the slot; and
an outer conductor contact provided in the board connector body,
wherein, when the second fitting part of the main connector is fitted to the board connector, an end portion of the card edge substrate is coupled to the slot in the board connector body, a plurality of substrate contacts included in the card edge substrate electrically contact the plurality of contacts of the board connector body, and the second fitting part of the main connector body electrically contacts the outer conductor contact. 2. The coaxial connector device according to claim 1,
wherein the second fitting part has an inner face that contacts at least the outer conductor contact when the second fitting part is fitted to the board connector. 3. The coaxial connector device according to claim 2,
wherein the inner face of the second fitting part of the main connector is cylindrical or semi-cylindrical, and the outer conductor contact of the board connector includes a spring member provided outside the board connector body. 4. The coaxial connector device according to claim 3,
wherein each of the plurality of contacts of the board connector and the outer conductor contact a have connection terminal extending from a bottom part or bottom face of the board connector body in a width direction of the board connector. 5. The coaxial connector device according to claim 4,
wherein the connection terminals of the board connector are configured such that when the board connector is mounted on a surface of a printed circuit board, the connection terminals are connected to respective wirings on the printed circuit board. 6. The coaxial connector device according to claim 1,
wherein the card edge substrate of the main connector includes at least one active circuit. 7. The coaxial connector device according to claim 6,
wherein the active circuit includes at least a first matching circuit, a second matching circuit connected to the center contact, and a buffer circuit provided between the first matching circuit and the second matching circuit. 8. The coaxial connector device according to claim 1,
wherein the slot of the board connector is formed such that, when the board connector is mounted on a printed circuit board, the slot is oriented at a predetermined angle with respect to one face of the printed circuit board or in parallel with the one face of the printed circuit board. | There is provided a coaxial connector device that enables a reduction in deterioration in signal quality and transmission characteristics at high frequencies. A coaxial connector device 1 includes a main connector 10 and a board connector 20. A main connector body 11 has a first fitting part R1 for a coaxial cable connector at one end and a second fitting part R2 at the other end. Inside the main connector body 11, a center contact 13 and a card edge substrate 17 electrically connected to the center contact 13 are included. In a board connector body 21 a slot 23 is formed. When the second fitting part R2 of the main connector 10 is fitted to the board connector 20, the end portion of the card edge substrate 17 is coupled to the slot 23 of the board connector body 21, a plurality of substrate contacts included in the card edge substrate 17 electrically contacts a plurality of inner contacts 25 of the board connector body 21, and the second fitting part R2 of the main connector body 11 electrically contacts an outer conductor contact 27.1. A coaxial connector device for electrically connecting a coaxial cable connector and a printed circuit board, the device comprising:
a main connector; and a board connector to be mounted on a printed circuit board, the main connector including
a conductive main connector body having a first fitting part for a coaxial cable connector at one end and a second fitting part at the other end;
a center contact positioned, inside the main connector body, on a side with the first fitting part; and
a card edge substrate positioned, inside the main connector body, on a side with the second fitting part, the card edge substrate being electrically connected to the center contact,
the board connector including
a board connector body in which a slot is formed, the board connector body being provided with a plurality of contacts in the slot; and
an outer conductor contact provided in the board connector body,
wherein, when the second fitting part of the main connector is fitted to the board connector, an end portion of the card edge substrate is coupled to the slot in the board connector body, a plurality of substrate contacts included in the card edge substrate electrically contact the plurality of contacts of the board connector body, and the second fitting part of the main connector body electrically contacts the outer conductor contact. 2. The coaxial connector device according to claim 1,
wherein the second fitting part has an inner face that contacts at least the outer conductor contact when the second fitting part is fitted to the board connector. 3. The coaxial connector device according to claim 2,
wherein the inner face of the second fitting part of the main connector is cylindrical or semi-cylindrical, and the outer conductor contact of the board connector includes a spring member provided outside the board connector body. 4. The coaxial connector device according to claim 3,
wherein each of the plurality of contacts of the board connector and the outer conductor contact a have connection terminal extending from a bottom part or bottom face of the board connector body in a width direction of the board connector. 5. The coaxial connector device according to claim 4,
wherein the connection terminals of the board connector are configured such that when the board connector is mounted on a surface of a printed circuit board, the connection terminals are connected to respective wirings on the printed circuit board. 6. The coaxial connector device according to claim 1,
wherein the card edge substrate of the main connector includes at least one active circuit. 7. The coaxial connector device according to claim 6,
wherein the active circuit includes at least a first matching circuit, a second matching circuit connected to the center contact, and a buffer circuit provided between the first matching circuit and the second matching circuit. 8. The coaxial connector device according to claim 1,
wherein the slot of the board connector is formed such that, when the board connector is mounted on a printed circuit board, the slot is oriented at a predetermined angle with respect to one face of the printed circuit board or in parallel with the one face of the printed circuit board. | 3,700 |
340,762 | 16,642,251 | 3,732 | An air compressor includes a compressor main body that compresses air; a storage tank that stores the gas compressed by the compressor main body; a motor that rotates a rotary shaft to drive the compressor main body; and a control unit that controls a drive of the motor. In a case where a value of a voltage to be supplied to the motor is lower than a first voltage value, the control unit detects a stop time of the compressor and changes an operation stop pressure which is a pressure to stop the drive of the motor, based on the stop time. | 1. An air compressor comprising:
a compressor main body that compresses air; a storage tank that stores the gas compressed by the compressor main body; a motor that rotates a rotary shaft to drive the compressor main body; and a control unit that controls a drive of the motor, wherein in a case where a value of a voltage to be supplied to the motor is lower than a first voltage value, the control unit detects a stop time of the compressor and changes an operation stop pressure which is a pressure to stop the drive of the motor, based on the stop time. 2. The air compressor according to claim 1,
wherein the control unit selects any one of a plurality of set pressures based on the stop time, and changes the operation stop pressure to the selected pressure. 3. The air compressor according to claim 2,
wherein the operation stop pressure is set to increase as the stop time is extended, and in a case where the stop time is a first time or greater, the control unit changes the operation stop pressure to the same pressure as the operation stop pressure that is set in a case where the value of the voltage to be supplied to the motor is the first voltage value or greater. 4. The air compressor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a pressure sensor that senses a pressure of the storage tank, wherein in a case where the sensed pressure reaches the changed operation stop pressure, the control unit performs control to stop the drive of the motor. 5. The air compressor according to claim 3,
wherein an operation restart pressure which is a pressure to restart the motor is changed based on the stop time. 6. The air compressor according to claim 5,
wherein the control unit selects any one of the plurality of set pressures based on the stop time, and changes the operation restart pressure to the selected pressure. 7. The air compressor according to claim 6,
wherein the operation restart pressure is set to increase as the stop time is extended, and in a case where the stop time is the first time or greater, the control unit changes the operation restart pressure to the same pressure as the operation restart pressure that is set in a case where the value of the voltage to be supplied to the motor is the first voltage value or greater. 8. The air compressor according to claim 5, further comprising:
a pressure sensor that senses a pressure of the storage tank, wherein in a case where the sensed pressure reaches the changed operation restart pressure, the control unit performs control to restart the motor. 9. The air compressor according to claim 1,
wherein the air compressor has a portable structure, wherein a pressure of the storage tank is 2.0 MPa or greater and less than 5.0 MPa, wherein the air compressor further includes a mechanism by which a rotational motion generated by driving the motor is converted into a reciprocating motion, and a mechanism that reciprocates in the compressor main body, and wherein the reciprocating mechanism compresses the air in a compression chamber of the compressor main body. | An air compressor includes a compressor main body that compresses air; a storage tank that stores the gas compressed by the compressor main body; a motor that rotates a rotary shaft to drive the compressor main body; and a control unit that controls a drive of the motor. In a case where a value of a voltage to be supplied to the motor is lower than a first voltage value, the control unit detects a stop time of the compressor and changes an operation stop pressure which is a pressure to stop the drive of the motor, based on the stop time.1. An air compressor comprising:
a compressor main body that compresses air; a storage tank that stores the gas compressed by the compressor main body; a motor that rotates a rotary shaft to drive the compressor main body; and a control unit that controls a drive of the motor, wherein in a case where a value of a voltage to be supplied to the motor is lower than a first voltage value, the control unit detects a stop time of the compressor and changes an operation stop pressure which is a pressure to stop the drive of the motor, based on the stop time. 2. The air compressor according to claim 1,
wherein the control unit selects any one of a plurality of set pressures based on the stop time, and changes the operation stop pressure to the selected pressure. 3. The air compressor according to claim 2,
wherein the operation stop pressure is set to increase as the stop time is extended, and in a case where the stop time is a first time or greater, the control unit changes the operation stop pressure to the same pressure as the operation stop pressure that is set in a case where the value of the voltage to be supplied to the motor is the first voltage value or greater. 4. The air compressor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a pressure sensor that senses a pressure of the storage tank, wherein in a case where the sensed pressure reaches the changed operation stop pressure, the control unit performs control to stop the drive of the motor. 5. The air compressor according to claim 3,
wherein an operation restart pressure which is a pressure to restart the motor is changed based on the stop time. 6. The air compressor according to claim 5,
wherein the control unit selects any one of the plurality of set pressures based on the stop time, and changes the operation restart pressure to the selected pressure. 7. The air compressor according to claim 6,
wherein the operation restart pressure is set to increase as the stop time is extended, and in a case where the stop time is the first time or greater, the control unit changes the operation restart pressure to the same pressure as the operation restart pressure that is set in a case where the value of the voltage to be supplied to the motor is the first voltage value or greater. 8. The air compressor according to claim 5, further comprising:
a pressure sensor that senses a pressure of the storage tank, wherein in a case where the sensed pressure reaches the changed operation restart pressure, the control unit performs control to restart the motor. 9. The air compressor according to claim 1,
wherein the air compressor has a portable structure, wherein a pressure of the storage tank is 2.0 MPa or greater and less than 5.0 MPa, wherein the air compressor further includes a mechanism by which a rotational motion generated by driving the motor is converted into a reciprocating motion, and a mechanism that reciprocates in the compressor main body, and wherein the reciprocating mechanism compresses the air in a compression chamber of the compressor main body. | 3,700 |
340,763 | 16,642,273 | 3,732 | A pharmaceutical composition for treating an ischemic tissue, comprising: a core component and a matrix component, wherein the core component includes a thrombolytic drug and the matrix component includes a hyaluronan or derivative thereof, the matrix component having a viscosity greater than 10 mPa·s. | 1. A pharmaceutical composition for treating an ischemic tissue, comprising: a core component and a matrix component, wherein the core component includes a thrombolytic drug and the matrix component includes a hyaluronan or derivative thereof, the pharmaceutical composition having a viscosity greater than 10 mPa·s. 2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity is 10 to 10000 mPa·s. 3. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2, wherein the hyaluronan has a mean molecular weight of 100 kDa to 5000 kDa. 4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the hyaluronan has a mean molecular weight of 700 kDa to 2000 kDa. 5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains 1 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml of the hyaluronan. 6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity is within the range of viscosities of 3 to 10 mg/ml of hyaluronan having a mean molecular weight of 700 to 2000 kDa. 7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity is the same as the viscosity of 5 mg/ml of hyaluronan having a mean molecular weight of 1560 kDa. 8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 6, wherein the mean molecular weight of the hyaluronan is 700 to 2000 kDa and the concentration of the hyaluronan is 3 to 10 mg/ml. 9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 7, wherein the mean molecular weight of the hyaluronan is 1560 kDa and the concentration of the hyaluronan is 5 mg/ml. 10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the matrix component further includes a collagen, an extracellular matrix factor, a protein, or a polysaccharide. 11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the thrombolytic drug is selected from the group consisting of ticlopidine, warfarin, tissue plasminogen activator, eminase, retavase, streptase, tissue plasminogen activator, tenecteplase, abbokinase, kinlytic, urokinase, prourokinase, anisoylated purified streptokinase activator complex (APSAC), fibrin, and plasmin. 12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, further comprising an angiogenic compound. 13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 12, wherein the angiogenic compound is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is directly administered to the ischemic tissue but is not administered intravenously. 15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 14, wherein the ischemic tissue is an ulcer, or in a heart or limb in a subject. 16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15, wherein the ischemic tissue is a muscle. 17. A method of treating an ischemic tissue in a subject, comprising:
administering a pharmaceutical composition directly to the ischemic tissue, provided that the pharmaceutical composition is not administered intravenously; wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains a core component and a matrix component, the core component including a thrombolytic drug and the matrix component including a hyaluronan or derivative thereof, and wherein the pharmaceutical composition has a viscosity greater than 10 mPa·s. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the ischemic tissue is an ulcer, or in a heart or limb in a subject. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the ischemic tissue is a muscle. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the subject has diabetes. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the matrix component includes a hyaluronan having a mean molecular weight of 100 kDa to 5000 kDa, and the pharmaceutical composition has a viscosity no greater than 10000 mPa·s and contains the hyaluronan at a concentration of 1 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml. 22-32. (canceled) | A pharmaceutical composition for treating an ischemic tissue, comprising: a core component and a matrix component, wherein the core component includes a thrombolytic drug and the matrix component includes a hyaluronan or derivative thereof, the matrix component having a viscosity greater than 10 mPa·s.1. A pharmaceutical composition for treating an ischemic tissue, comprising: a core component and a matrix component, wherein the core component includes a thrombolytic drug and the matrix component includes a hyaluronan or derivative thereof, the pharmaceutical composition having a viscosity greater than 10 mPa·s. 2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity is 10 to 10000 mPa·s. 3. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2, wherein the hyaluronan has a mean molecular weight of 100 kDa to 5000 kDa. 4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the hyaluronan has a mean molecular weight of 700 kDa to 2000 kDa. 5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains 1 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml of the hyaluronan. 6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity is within the range of viscosities of 3 to 10 mg/ml of hyaluronan having a mean molecular weight of 700 to 2000 kDa. 7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity is the same as the viscosity of 5 mg/ml of hyaluronan having a mean molecular weight of 1560 kDa. 8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 6, wherein the mean molecular weight of the hyaluronan is 700 to 2000 kDa and the concentration of the hyaluronan is 3 to 10 mg/ml. 9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 7, wherein the mean molecular weight of the hyaluronan is 1560 kDa and the concentration of the hyaluronan is 5 mg/ml. 10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the matrix component further includes a collagen, an extracellular matrix factor, a protein, or a polysaccharide. 11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the thrombolytic drug is selected from the group consisting of ticlopidine, warfarin, tissue plasminogen activator, eminase, retavase, streptase, tissue plasminogen activator, tenecteplase, abbokinase, kinlytic, urokinase, prourokinase, anisoylated purified streptokinase activator complex (APSAC), fibrin, and plasmin. 12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, further comprising an angiogenic compound. 13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 12, wherein the angiogenic compound is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is directly administered to the ischemic tissue but is not administered intravenously. 15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 14, wherein the ischemic tissue is an ulcer, or in a heart or limb in a subject. 16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15, wherein the ischemic tissue is a muscle. 17. A method of treating an ischemic tissue in a subject, comprising:
administering a pharmaceutical composition directly to the ischemic tissue, provided that the pharmaceutical composition is not administered intravenously; wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains a core component and a matrix component, the core component including a thrombolytic drug and the matrix component including a hyaluronan or derivative thereof, and wherein the pharmaceutical composition has a viscosity greater than 10 mPa·s. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the ischemic tissue is an ulcer, or in a heart or limb in a subject. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the ischemic tissue is a muscle. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the subject has diabetes. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the matrix component includes a hyaluronan having a mean molecular weight of 100 kDa to 5000 kDa, and the pharmaceutical composition has a viscosity no greater than 10000 mPa·s and contains the hyaluronan at a concentration of 1 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml. 22-32. (canceled) | 3,700 |
340,764 | 16,642,262 | 3,732 | Presented herein are intrusion detection systems and algorithms for networked vehicle controllers and devices, methods for making/using such systems and algorithms, and motor vehicles with a network of ECUs and network-profiling intrusion detection capabilities. A method for detecting intrusions into an onboard network of vehicle controllers includes determining the current state of operation of a vehicle, and identifying a network traffic pattern table corresponding to the vehicle's current state of operation. Network traffic flow for one of the in-vehicle controllers is monitored when exchanging data over the Ethernet communication interface while the motor vehicle is operating in the current state of operation. The method then determines if a traffic characteristic of the monitored network traffic flow is outside a calibrated boundary that is determined from the network traffic pattern table. Responsive to the monitored network traffic flow characteristic being outside the calibrated boundary, the method executes a remedial action response. | 1. A method for detecting an intrusion into an onboard network of electronic controllers of a motor vehicle, the onboard network being wirelessly connected via an Ethernet communication interface to a distributed computing network, the method comprising:
determining, via a vehicle controller communicatively connected to the onboard network of electronic controllers, a current state of operation of the motor vehicle; identifying, via the vehicle controller from a memory device, a network traffic pattern table corresponding to the current state of operation of the motor vehicle; monitoring a network traffic flow for a corresponding one of the electronic controllers when exchanging data over the Ethernet communication interface while the motor vehicle is operating in the current state of operation; determining if a traffic characteristic of the monitored network traffic flow is outside a calibrated boundary determined from the network traffic pattern table; and executing, via the vehicle controller, a remedial action in response to the traffic characteristic of the monitored network traffic flow being outside the calibrated boundary. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the network traffic flow of the corresponding one of the electronic controllers includes receiving one or more Ethernet frames from a designated port of the Ethernet communication interface. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein monitoring the network traffic flow of the corresponding one of the electronic controllers further includes identifying, within the one or more Ethernet frames, a specified field with data indicative of the traffic characteristic. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the current state of operation of the motor vehicle includes a static scenario with a single driving mode calibrated to a type of the motor vehicle. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the network traffic pattern table corresponding to the single driving mode of the static scenario is a single table stored by and extracted from the memory device of the monitored corresponding one of the electronic controllers. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the current state of operation of the motor vehicle includes a dynamic scenario with multiple driving modes calibrated to a type of the motor vehicle. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the network traffic pattern table corresponding to the dynamic driving mode is selected from multiple tables stored by and extracted from the memory device of the monitored corresponding one of the electronic controllers. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the remedial action includes transmitting an audio and/or visual alert to a driver of the motor vehicle, transmitting an alert to a remote server indicating detection of an anomaly, generating an interrupt signal to discontinue exchanging of data by the corresponding one of the electronic controllers, modifying an automated driving maneuver of the motor vehicle, and/or storing in the memory device a record of detected anomaly. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein one of the electronic controllers is an external object calculation module (EOCM) operable to execute a vehicle-assisted maneuver, the current state of operation of the motor vehicle being received from the EOCM. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the network traffic pattern table includes: querying a remote database server as the memory device; and receiving the network traffic pattern table from the remote database server. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the traffic characteristic includes a source-destination pair, a message frequency value, a message quantity value, and/or a traffic flow latency value. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the Ethernet communication interface is embedded within the corresponding one of the electronic controllers. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the network traffic flow for the corresponding one of the electronic controllers is monitored in real-time. 14. A motor vehicle comprising:
a vehicle body; a network of electronic control units (ECU) attached to the vehicle body; an Ethernet communication interface wirelessly connecting the network of ECUs to a distributed computing network; and a vehicle controller communicatively connected to the network of ECUs and programmed to:
determine a current state of operation of the motor vehicle;
identify a network traffic pattern table corresponding to the current state of operation of the motor vehicle;
monitor a network traffic flow for a corresponding one of the ECUs when exchanging data over the Ethernet communication interface while the motor vehicle is operating in the current state of operation;
determine if a traffic characteristic associated with the monitored network traffic flow is outside a calibrated boundary determined from the network traffic pattern table; and
execute a remedial action in response to the traffic characteristic of the monitored network traffic flow being outside the calibrated boundary. 15. The motor vehicle of claim 14, wherein monitoring the network traffic flow of the electronic controller includes receiving one or more Ethernet frames from a designated port of the Ethernet communication interface. 16. The motor vehicle of claim 15, wherein monitoring the network traffic flow of the electronic controller further includes identifying, within the one or more Ethernet frames, a specified field with data indicative of the traffic characteristic. 17. The motor vehicle of claim 14, wherein the current state of operation of the motor vehicle includes a static scenario with a single driving mode calibrated to a type of the motor vehicle. 18. The motor vehicle of claim 17, wherein the network traffic pattern table corresponding to the single driving mode of the static scenario is a single table stored by and extracted from the monitored corresponding one of the electronic controllers. 19. The motor vehicle of claim 14, wherein the current state of operation of the motor vehicle includes a dynamic scenario with multiple driving modes calibrated to a type of the motor vehicle. 20. The motor vehicle of claim 19, wherein the network traffic pattern table corresponding to the dynamic driving mode is selected from multiple tables stored by and extracted from the monitored corresponding one of the electronic controllers of the motor vehicle. | Presented herein are intrusion detection systems and algorithms for networked vehicle controllers and devices, methods for making/using such systems and algorithms, and motor vehicles with a network of ECUs and network-profiling intrusion detection capabilities. A method for detecting intrusions into an onboard network of vehicle controllers includes determining the current state of operation of a vehicle, and identifying a network traffic pattern table corresponding to the vehicle's current state of operation. Network traffic flow for one of the in-vehicle controllers is monitored when exchanging data over the Ethernet communication interface while the motor vehicle is operating in the current state of operation. The method then determines if a traffic characteristic of the monitored network traffic flow is outside a calibrated boundary that is determined from the network traffic pattern table. Responsive to the monitored network traffic flow characteristic being outside the calibrated boundary, the method executes a remedial action response.1. A method for detecting an intrusion into an onboard network of electronic controllers of a motor vehicle, the onboard network being wirelessly connected via an Ethernet communication interface to a distributed computing network, the method comprising:
determining, via a vehicle controller communicatively connected to the onboard network of electronic controllers, a current state of operation of the motor vehicle; identifying, via the vehicle controller from a memory device, a network traffic pattern table corresponding to the current state of operation of the motor vehicle; monitoring a network traffic flow for a corresponding one of the electronic controllers when exchanging data over the Ethernet communication interface while the motor vehicle is operating in the current state of operation; determining if a traffic characteristic of the monitored network traffic flow is outside a calibrated boundary determined from the network traffic pattern table; and executing, via the vehicle controller, a remedial action in response to the traffic characteristic of the monitored network traffic flow being outside the calibrated boundary. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the network traffic flow of the corresponding one of the electronic controllers includes receiving one or more Ethernet frames from a designated port of the Ethernet communication interface. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein monitoring the network traffic flow of the corresponding one of the electronic controllers further includes identifying, within the one or more Ethernet frames, a specified field with data indicative of the traffic characteristic. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the current state of operation of the motor vehicle includes a static scenario with a single driving mode calibrated to a type of the motor vehicle. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the network traffic pattern table corresponding to the single driving mode of the static scenario is a single table stored by and extracted from the memory device of the monitored corresponding one of the electronic controllers. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the current state of operation of the motor vehicle includes a dynamic scenario with multiple driving modes calibrated to a type of the motor vehicle. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the network traffic pattern table corresponding to the dynamic driving mode is selected from multiple tables stored by and extracted from the memory device of the monitored corresponding one of the electronic controllers. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the remedial action includes transmitting an audio and/or visual alert to a driver of the motor vehicle, transmitting an alert to a remote server indicating detection of an anomaly, generating an interrupt signal to discontinue exchanging of data by the corresponding one of the electronic controllers, modifying an automated driving maneuver of the motor vehicle, and/or storing in the memory device a record of detected anomaly. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein one of the electronic controllers is an external object calculation module (EOCM) operable to execute a vehicle-assisted maneuver, the current state of operation of the motor vehicle being received from the EOCM. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the network traffic pattern table includes: querying a remote database server as the memory device; and receiving the network traffic pattern table from the remote database server. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the traffic characteristic includes a source-destination pair, a message frequency value, a message quantity value, and/or a traffic flow latency value. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the Ethernet communication interface is embedded within the corresponding one of the electronic controllers. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the network traffic flow for the corresponding one of the electronic controllers is monitored in real-time. 14. A motor vehicle comprising:
a vehicle body; a network of electronic control units (ECU) attached to the vehicle body; an Ethernet communication interface wirelessly connecting the network of ECUs to a distributed computing network; and a vehicle controller communicatively connected to the network of ECUs and programmed to:
determine a current state of operation of the motor vehicle;
identify a network traffic pattern table corresponding to the current state of operation of the motor vehicle;
monitor a network traffic flow for a corresponding one of the ECUs when exchanging data over the Ethernet communication interface while the motor vehicle is operating in the current state of operation;
determine if a traffic characteristic associated with the monitored network traffic flow is outside a calibrated boundary determined from the network traffic pattern table; and
execute a remedial action in response to the traffic characteristic of the monitored network traffic flow being outside the calibrated boundary. 15. The motor vehicle of claim 14, wherein monitoring the network traffic flow of the electronic controller includes receiving one or more Ethernet frames from a designated port of the Ethernet communication interface. 16. The motor vehicle of claim 15, wherein monitoring the network traffic flow of the electronic controller further includes identifying, within the one or more Ethernet frames, a specified field with data indicative of the traffic characteristic. 17. The motor vehicle of claim 14, wherein the current state of operation of the motor vehicle includes a static scenario with a single driving mode calibrated to a type of the motor vehicle. 18. The motor vehicle of claim 17, wherein the network traffic pattern table corresponding to the single driving mode of the static scenario is a single table stored by and extracted from the monitored corresponding one of the electronic controllers. 19. The motor vehicle of claim 14, wherein the current state of operation of the motor vehicle includes a dynamic scenario with multiple driving modes calibrated to a type of the motor vehicle. 20. The motor vehicle of claim 19, wherein the network traffic pattern table corresponding to the dynamic driving mode is selected from multiple tables stored by and extracted from the monitored corresponding one of the electronic controllers of the motor vehicle. | 3,700 |
340,765 | 16,642,250 | 3,732 | A security device and method of making thereof. The security device includes a colour shifting element that exhibits different colours dependent on the angle of incidence of light impinging upon the colour shifting element, and; an at least partially transparent light control layer covering at least a part of the colour shifting element and including a surface relief adapted to modify the angle of light incident upon the light control layer, wherein; the light control layer includes at least first and second functional regions having different refractive indices such that light incident upon the first functional region impinges upon the colour shifting element at a first angle of incidence, and light incident upon the second functional region impinges upon the colour shifting element at a second, different, angle of incidence. | 1. A security device comprising:
a colour shifting element that exhibits different colours dependent on the angle of incidence of light impinging upon the colour shifting element, and; an at least partially transparent light control layer covering at least a part of the colour shifting element and comprising a surface relief adapted to modify the angle of light incident upon the light control layer, wherein; the light control layer comprises at least first and second functional regions having different refractive indices such that light incident upon the first functional region impinges upon the colour shifting element at a first angle of incidence, and light incident upon the second functional region impinges upon the colour shifting element at a second, different, angle of incidence. 2. The security device of claim 1, wherein the surface relief of the light control layer is further adapted to modify the angle of light from the colour shifting element. 3. The security device of claim 1, wherein at least at one viewing angle, the first and second functional regions exhibit different colours. 4. The security device of claim 1, wherein the first and second functional regions comprise substantially the same surface relief. 5-6. (canceled) 7. The security device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second functional regions defines indicia. 8-12. (canceled) 13. The security device of claim 1, wherein the surface relief comprises at least one microstructure. 14. The security device of claim 13, wherein the microstructure is a linear microprism and the surface relief comprises an array of linear microprisms. 15. The security device of claim 13, wherein the surface relief comprises two or more arrays of linear microprisms, wherein the long axes of one array are angularly offset from the axes of the other array. 16. The security device of claim 14, wherein the microprisms have an asymmetrical structure. 17. The security device of claim 14, wherein the microprisms have a repeating faceted structure. 18. The security device of claim 13, wherein the microstructure is a one dimensional microstructure. 19. The security device of claim 13, wherein the microstructure is a two dimensional microstructure. 20. The security device of claim 13, wherein the microstructure is a lenticule having a curved surface structure and the surface relief comprises a lenticule array. 21-23. (canceled) 24. A security article or security document comprising a security device according to claim 1. 25. (canceled) 26. A method of manufacturing a security device, the method comprising:
providing an at least partially transparent light control layer so as to cover at least a part of a colour shifting element that exhibits different colours dependent on the angle of incidence of light impinging upon it, wherein; the light control layer comprises a surface relief adapted to modify the angle of light incident upon the light control layer, and further wherein; the light control layer comprises at least first and second functional regions having different refractive indices such that light incident upon the first functional region impinges upon the colour shifting element at a first angle of incidence, and light incident upon the second functional region impinges upon the colour shifting element at a second, different, angle of incidence. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the material of the light control layer is provided by at least one of intaglio printing, gravure, flexo printing, inkjet printing, knife coating, curtain or blade techniques. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the surface relief of the light control layer is formed by one of embossing, extrusion or cast curing. 29-32. (canceled) 33. The method of claim 26, wherein the first and second functional regions comprise substantially the same surface relief. 34-39. (canceled) 40. The method of claim 26, wherein the surface relief comprises at least one microstructure. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the microstructure is a linear microprism and the surface relief comprises an array of linear microprisms. 42-55. (canceled) | A security device and method of making thereof. The security device includes a colour shifting element that exhibits different colours dependent on the angle of incidence of light impinging upon the colour shifting element, and; an at least partially transparent light control layer covering at least a part of the colour shifting element and including a surface relief adapted to modify the angle of light incident upon the light control layer, wherein; the light control layer includes at least first and second functional regions having different refractive indices such that light incident upon the first functional region impinges upon the colour shifting element at a first angle of incidence, and light incident upon the second functional region impinges upon the colour shifting element at a second, different, angle of incidence.1. A security device comprising:
a colour shifting element that exhibits different colours dependent on the angle of incidence of light impinging upon the colour shifting element, and; an at least partially transparent light control layer covering at least a part of the colour shifting element and comprising a surface relief adapted to modify the angle of light incident upon the light control layer, wherein; the light control layer comprises at least first and second functional regions having different refractive indices such that light incident upon the first functional region impinges upon the colour shifting element at a first angle of incidence, and light incident upon the second functional region impinges upon the colour shifting element at a second, different, angle of incidence. 2. The security device of claim 1, wherein the surface relief of the light control layer is further adapted to modify the angle of light from the colour shifting element. 3. The security device of claim 1, wherein at least at one viewing angle, the first and second functional regions exhibit different colours. 4. The security device of claim 1, wherein the first and second functional regions comprise substantially the same surface relief. 5-6. (canceled) 7. The security device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second functional regions defines indicia. 8-12. (canceled) 13. The security device of claim 1, wherein the surface relief comprises at least one microstructure. 14. The security device of claim 13, wherein the microstructure is a linear microprism and the surface relief comprises an array of linear microprisms. 15. The security device of claim 13, wherein the surface relief comprises two or more arrays of linear microprisms, wherein the long axes of one array are angularly offset from the axes of the other array. 16. The security device of claim 14, wherein the microprisms have an asymmetrical structure. 17. The security device of claim 14, wherein the microprisms have a repeating faceted structure. 18. The security device of claim 13, wherein the microstructure is a one dimensional microstructure. 19. The security device of claim 13, wherein the microstructure is a two dimensional microstructure. 20. The security device of claim 13, wherein the microstructure is a lenticule having a curved surface structure and the surface relief comprises a lenticule array. 21-23. (canceled) 24. A security article or security document comprising a security device according to claim 1. 25. (canceled) 26. A method of manufacturing a security device, the method comprising:
providing an at least partially transparent light control layer so as to cover at least a part of a colour shifting element that exhibits different colours dependent on the angle of incidence of light impinging upon it, wherein; the light control layer comprises a surface relief adapted to modify the angle of light incident upon the light control layer, and further wherein; the light control layer comprises at least first and second functional regions having different refractive indices such that light incident upon the first functional region impinges upon the colour shifting element at a first angle of incidence, and light incident upon the second functional region impinges upon the colour shifting element at a second, different, angle of incidence. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the material of the light control layer is provided by at least one of intaglio printing, gravure, flexo printing, inkjet printing, knife coating, curtain or blade techniques. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the surface relief of the light control layer is formed by one of embossing, extrusion or cast curing. 29-32. (canceled) 33. The method of claim 26, wherein the first and second functional regions comprise substantially the same surface relief. 34-39. (canceled) 40. The method of claim 26, wherein the surface relief comprises at least one microstructure. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the microstructure is a linear microprism and the surface relief comprises an array of linear microprisms. 42-55. (canceled) | 3,700 |
340,766 | 16,642,237 | 3,732 | A transfer or distribution chute for conveying bulk material by gravity flow, includes an elongated chute casing defining a flow path for bulk material and a wear-resistant lining arrangement covering at least part of a flow path facing an upper side of the elongated chute casing. The wear-resistant lining arrangement includes a perforated plate affixed to the chute casing and has a plurality of perforations through which wear-resistant inserts having a body and an enlarged base are fitted in the perforations from a side opposite the flow path, such that their body protrudes through the perforation within the flow path, and their enlarged base abuts the borders of the perforation from the side opposite the flow path on one side and is held in place by the chute casing on the other side. | 1. A transfer or distribution chute for conveying bulk material by gravity flow, the transfer or distribution chute comprising:
an elongated chute casing defining a flow path for said bulk material, and a wear-resistant lining arrangement covering at least part of a flow path facing an upper side of the elongated chute casing, wherein said wear-resistant lining arrangement comprises a perforated plate affixed to the chute casing and having a plurality of perforations through which wear-resistant inserts comprising a body and an enlarged base are fitted in the perforations from a side opposite the flow path such that their body protrudes through the perforations within the flow path and their enlarged base abuts the borders of the perforations from the side opposite the flow path on one side and their enlarged base is held in place by the chute casing on the other side. 2. The transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 1, wherein the perforations in the perforated plate are round, oval, polygonal, or semi-lunar. 3. The transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the body of the wear-resistant inserts has a rectangular, tapered,_ or triangular shaped cross section perpendicular to a base of the body, and a flat, concave, or convex end opposite the base. 4. The transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wear-resistant inserts is made of or comprises technical ceramics, alumina ceramics, SiC ceramics, or Si3N4 ceramics, white cast iron, wear-resistant steel, or hardfacing material. 5. The transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wear-resistant inserts have an average diameter or height of about 20 to about 200 mm. 6. The transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 1, wherein the minimum distance between two adjacent perforations is from about 0.1 to about 10 times the average diameter of the perforation. 7. The transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 1, wherein the perforations in the perforated plate are arranged in parallel rows, either aligned or off-set relative to each other. 8. The transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 7, wherein the parallel rows are oriented at an angle from 0 to 90° relative to the flow path. 9. The transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 7, wherein two adjacent parallel rows are off-set relative to each other by half the distance between the centers of two adjacent perforations. 10. The transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 1, wherein the perforations in the perforated plate have different sizes. 11. A method for manufacturing a transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 1, the method including the following steps:
(a) preparing a wear-resistant lining arrangement by
i. providing a perforated plate having a plurality of perforations, and
ii. inserting wear-resistant inserts in each perforation from the side opposite the flow path, such that they are abutting the perforated plate with their enlarged base, and
(b) assembling the transfer or distribution chute by affixing an elongated chute casing to the wear-resistant lining arrangement by attaching the perforated plate to the elongated chute casing. 12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the insertion in step (a).ii is done with the perforated plate being turned flow-path-side down. 13. A method for repairing a transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 1, the method including the following steps:
(a) disassembling the transfer or distribution chute by detaching and removing the elongated chute casing from the wear-resistant lining arrangement by:
i. removing any worn or broken or all wear-resistant inserts from the wear-resistant lining assembly, and
ii. inserting new wear-resistant inserts in each empty perforation from the side opposite the flow path, such that they are abutting the perforated plate with their enlarged base, and
(b) reassembling the transfer or distribution chute by affixing the elongated chute casing to the wear-resistant lining arrangement by attaching the perforated plate to the elongated chute casing. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the insertion in step (a).ii is done with the perforated plate being turned flow-path-side down. | A transfer or distribution chute for conveying bulk material by gravity flow, includes an elongated chute casing defining a flow path for bulk material and a wear-resistant lining arrangement covering at least part of a flow path facing an upper side of the elongated chute casing. The wear-resistant lining arrangement includes a perforated plate affixed to the chute casing and has a plurality of perforations through which wear-resistant inserts having a body and an enlarged base are fitted in the perforations from a side opposite the flow path, such that their body protrudes through the perforation within the flow path, and their enlarged base abuts the borders of the perforation from the side opposite the flow path on one side and is held in place by the chute casing on the other side.1. A transfer or distribution chute for conveying bulk material by gravity flow, the transfer or distribution chute comprising:
an elongated chute casing defining a flow path for said bulk material, and a wear-resistant lining arrangement covering at least part of a flow path facing an upper side of the elongated chute casing, wherein said wear-resistant lining arrangement comprises a perforated plate affixed to the chute casing and having a plurality of perforations through which wear-resistant inserts comprising a body and an enlarged base are fitted in the perforations from a side opposite the flow path such that their body protrudes through the perforations within the flow path and their enlarged base abuts the borders of the perforations from the side opposite the flow path on one side and their enlarged base is held in place by the chute casing on the other side. 2. The transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 1, wherein the perforations in the perforated plate are round, oval, polygonal, or semi-lunar. 3. The transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the body of the wear-resistant inserts has a rectangular, tapered,_ or triangular shaped cross section perpendicular to a base of the body, and a flat, concave, or convex end opposite the base. 4. The transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wear-resistant inserts is made of or comprises technical ceramics, alumina ceramics, SiC ceramics, or Si3N4 ceramics, white cast iron, wear-resistant steel, or hardfacing material. 5. The transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wear-resistant inserts have an average diameter or height of about 20 to about 200 mm. 6. The transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 1, wherein the minimum distance between two adjacent perforations is from about 0.1 to about 10 times the average diameter of the perforation. 7. The transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 1, wherein the perforations in the perforated plate are arranged in parallel rows, either aligned or off-set relative to each other. 8. The transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 7, wherein the parallel rows are oriented at an angle from 0 to 90° relative to the flow path. 9. The transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 7, wherein two adjacent parallel rows are off-set relative to each other by half the distance between the centers of two adjacent perforations. 10. The transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 1, wherein the perforations in the perforated plate have different sizes. 11. A method for manufacturing a transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 1, the method including the following steps:
(a) preparing a wear-resistant lining arrangement by
i. providing a perforated plate having a plurality of perforations, and
ii. inserting wear-resistant inserts in each perforation from the side opposite the flow path, such that they are abutting the perforated plate with their enlarged base, and
(b) assembling the transfer or distribution chute by affixing an elongated chute casing to the wear-resistant lining arrangement by attaching the perforated plate to the elongated chute casing. 12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the insertion in step (a).ii is done with the perforated plate being turned flow-path-side down. 13. A method for repairing a transfer or distribution chute as claimed in claim 1, the method including the following steps:
(a) disassembling the transfer or distribution chute by detaching and removing the elongated chute casing from the wear-resistant lining arrangement by:
i. removing any worn or broken or all wear-resistant inserts from the wear-resistant lining assembly, and
ii. inserting new wear-resistant inserts in each empty perforation from the side opposite the flow path, such that they are abutting the perforated plate with their enlarged base, and
(b) reassembling the transfer or distribution chute by affixing the elongated chute casing to the wear-resistant lining arrangement by attaching the perforated plate to the elongated chute casing. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the insertion in step (a).ii is done with the perforated plate being turned flow-path-side down. | 3,700 |
340,767 | 16,642,249 | 3,732 | An indwelling device for embolization comprises a coil portion (11) having a proximal side and a distal side and having a lumen extending in a longitudinal direction, a stretch-resistant member (20) disposed in the lumen, wherein the indwelling device has a fixing structure in which the stretch-resistant member (20) is knotted to the detachable portion attached in the lumen of a proximal end part of the coil portion (11) and extending proximally from a proximal end of the lumen, in order for the stretch-resistant member (20) to be more securely anchored to the coil portion (11). | 1. An indwelling device for embolization comprising;
a coil portion having a proximal end and a distal end and having a lumen extending in a longitudinal direction; a stretch-resistant member disposed in the lumen and extending from the proximal end part to the distal end part of the coil portion; a rod-shaped detachable portion, an end part of the rod-shaped detachable portion disposed in the lumen of the proximal end part of the coil portion so that another end part of the rod-shaped detachable portion proximally extends from the proximal end part of the coil portion, and a fixing structure in which the stretch-resistant member is knotted to the detachable portion. 2. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
an insulating portion is disposed on the detachable portion and proximal to the fixing structure. 3. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
the coil portions has a small diameter portion at a proximal end part, the small diameter portion has an inner diameter, which is smaller than an inner diameter of a distal part of the coil portion. 4. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
the fixing structure includes at least one half-knot disposed proximal to a proximal end of the lumen of the coil portion. 5. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
the fixing structure includes a plurality of half-knots located at different positions on the detachable portion. 6. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
the stretch-resistant member is folded in a two-folded state at a distal part of the coil portion. 7. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
the fixing structure includes a cured adhesive attached to a portion where the stretch-resistant member is knotted to the detachable portion, and an adhesive to form the cured adhesive is selected from a group consisting of an ultraviolet curable adhesive, a thermosetting adhesive and a moisture curable adhesive each having a viscosity of 10 mPa·s to 2000 mPa·s. 8. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 7, wherein the cured adhesive is disposed to extend from a proximal part of the coil portion to a distal part of the detachable portion. 9. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
a knot of the stretch-resistant member is disposed out of the lumen of the coil portion. 10. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
the detachable portion comprises a heat-melt material. 11. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, further comprises a pusher portion, wherein
the coil portion, the detachable portion and the pusher portion are disposed in this order from a distal side of the indwelling device, and the coil portion and the pusher portion are connected to each other via the detachable portion. 12. A method for manufacturing an indwelling device for embolization comprising:
disposing a stretch-resistant member inside a coil portion; inserting a detachable portion into a proximal end part of the coil portion; forming a fixing structure by knotting the stretch-resistant member to the detachable portion to fix the stretch-resistant member to the detachable portion; applying an adhesive to the fixing structure; and curing the adhesive. 13. The method for manufacturing an indwelling device for embolization according to claim 12, further comprising reducing an inner diameter of a proximal end of the coil portion after the step of disposing the stretch-resistant member inside the coil portion. 14. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
the stretch-resistant member is a linear member, and one end of the stretch-resistant member is fixed at a distal portion of the coil portion, and another end of the stretch-resistant member is knotted to the detachable portion. | An indwelling device for embolization comprises a coil portion (11) having a proximal side and a distal side and having a lumen extending in a longitudinal direction, a stretch-resistant member (20) disposed in the lumen, wherein the indwelling device has a fixing structure in which the stretch-resistant member (20) is knotted to the detachable portion attached in the lumen of a proximal end part of the coil portion (11) and extending proximally from a proximal end of the lumen, in order for the stretch-resistant member (20) to be more securely anchored to the coil portion (11).1. An indwelling device for embolization comprising;
a coil portion having a proximal end and a distal end and having a lumen extending in a longitudinal direction; a stretch-resistant member disposed in the lumen and extending from the proximal end part to the distal end part of the coil portion; a rod-shaped detachable portion, an end part of the rod-shaped detachable portion disposed in the lumen of the proximal end part of the coil portion so that another end part of the rod-shaped detachable portion proximally extends from the proximal end part of the coil portion, and a fixing structure in which the stretch-resistant member is knotted to the detachable portion. 2. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
an insulating portion is disposed on the detachable portion and proximal to the fixing structure. 3. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
the coil portions has a small diameter portion at a proximal end part, the small diameter portion has an inner diameter, which is smaller than an inner diameter of a distal part of the coil portion. 4. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
the fixing structure includes at least one half-knot disposed proximal to a proximal end of the lumen of the coil portion. 5. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
the fixing structure includes a plurality of half-knots located at different positions on the detachable portion. 6. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
the stretch-resistant member is folded in a two-folded state at a distal part of the coil portion. 7. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
the fixing structure includes a cured adhesive attached to a portion where the stretch-resistant member is knotted to the detachable portion, and an adhesive to form the cured adhesive is selected from a group consisting of an ultraviolet curable adhesive, a thermosetting adhesive and a moisture curable adhesive each having a viscosity of 10 mPa·s to 2000 mPa·s. 8. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 7, wherein the cured adhesive is disposed to extend from a proximal part of the coil portion to a distal part of the detachable portion. 9. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
a knot of the stretch-resistant member is disposed out of the lumen of the coil portion. 10. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
the detachable portion comprises a heat-melt material. 11. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, further comprises a pusher portion, wherein
the coil portion, the detachable portion and the pusher portion are disposed in this order from a distal side of the indwelling device, and the coil portion and the pusher portion are connected to each other via the detachable portion. 12. A method for manufacturing an indwelling device for embolization comprising:
disposing a stretch-resistant member inside a coil portion; inserting a detachable portion into a proximal end part of the coil portion; forming a fixing structure by knotting the stretch-resistant member to the detachable portion to fix the stretch-resistant member to the detachable portion; applying an adhesive to the fixing structure; and curing the adhesive. 13. The method for manufacturing an indwelling device for embolization according to claim 12, further comprising reducing an inner diameter of a proximal end of the coil portion after the step of disposing the stretch-resistant member inside the coil portion. 14. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
the stretch-resistant member is a linear member, and one end of the stretch-resistant member is fixed at a distal portion of the coil portion, and another end of the stretch-resistant member is knotted to the detachable portion. | 3,700 |
340,768 | 16,642,248 | 3,732 | Flow control over a hydraulic pump and flow dividing control of a plurality of directional control valves associated with actuators can stably be exercised even in a case in which differential pressures across the directional control valves are quite low, an abrupt change in a flow rate of the hydraulic fluid supplied to each actuator is prevented and excellent combined operability is realized even in an abrupt change in a demanded flow rate at a time of transition from a combined operation to a sole operation, and realizing excellent combined operability, and a meter-in loss in each directional control valve is reduced to realize high energy efficiency. Demanded flow rates of the directional control valves are calculated from input amounts of operation levers, openings of flow control valves are controlled using the demanded flow rates, a meter-in pressure loss of a predetermined directional control valve is calculated from the demanded flow rates and meter-in opening areas of the directional control valves, and a set pressure of an unloading valve is controlled using a value of the meter-in pressure loss. | 1. to 5. (canceled) 6. A construction machine provided with a hydraulic drive system comprising:
a variable displacement hydraulic pump; a plurality of actuators driven by a hydraulic fluid delivered from the hydraulic pump; a control valve device that distributes and supplies the hydraulic fluid delivered from the hydraulic pump to the plurality of actuators; a plurality of operation lever devices that instructs drive directions and speeds of the plurality of actuators, respectively; a pump regulating device that controls a delivery flow rate of the hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic pump in such a manner that the hydraulic fluid is delivered at a flow rate to match with input amounts of operation levers of the plurality of operation lever devices; an unloading valve that discharges the hydraulic fluid in a hydraulic fluid supply line of the hydraulic pump to a tank when a pressure in the hydraulic fluid supply line of the hydraulic pump exceeds a set pressure determined by adding at least a target differential pressure to a highest load pressure of the plurality of actuators; a plurality of first pressure sensors that detect load pressures of the plurality of actuators, respectively; and a controller that controls the control valve device, wherein the control valve device includes a plurality of directional control valves that are changed over by the plurality of operation lever devices and are associated with the plurality of actuators so as to control the drive directions and the speeds of the actuators, respectively, and a plurality of flow control valves disposed between the hydraulic fluid supply line of the hydraulic pump and the plurality of directional control valves to control flow rates of the hydraulic fluid supplied to the plurality of directional control valves by changing opening areas of the flow control valves, respectively, and the controller is configured to: compute demanded flow rates of the plurality of actuators on the basis of input amounts of the operation levers of the plurality of operation lever devices and compute differential pressures between a highest load pressure among load pressures of the plurality of actuators and the load pressures of the plurality of actuators, compute target opening areas of the plurality of flow control valves on the basis of the demanded flow rates of the plurality of actuators and the differential pressures and control opening areas of the plurality of flow control valves in such a manner that the opening areas are equal to the target opening areas. 7. The construction machine according to claim 6, wherein
the controller is further configured to compute meter-in opening areas of the plurality of directional control valves on the basis of the input amounts of the operation levers of the plurality of operation lever devices, compute a meter-in pressure loss of a specific directional control valve out of the plurality of directional control valve on the basis of the meter-in opening areas and the demanded flow rates of the plurality of actuators, and output the pressure loss as the target differential pressure to control the set pressure of the unloading valve. 8. The construction machine according to claim 7, wherein
the controller is configured to compute, as the meter-in pressure loss of the specific directional control valve, a meter-in pressure loss of a directional control valve associated with an actuator having the highest load pressure out of the plurality of directional control valves, and output the pressure loss as the target differential pressure to control the set pressure of the unloading valve. 9. The construction machine according to claim 7, wherein
the controller is configured to select, as the meter-in pressure loss of the specific directional control valve, a maximum value of meter-in pressure losses of the plurality of directional control valves, and control the set pressure of the unloading valve using the pressure loss as the target differential pressure. 10. The construction machine according to claim 7, further comprising:
a second pressure sensor that detects a delivery pressure of the hydraulic pump, wherein the controller is configured to compute a command value for making the delivery pressure of the hydraulic pump detected by the second pressure sensor equal to a pressure determined by adding the target differential pressure to the highest load pressure, and output the command value to the pump regulating device to control a delivery flow rate of the hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic pump. 11. The construction machine according to claim 7, wherein
the controller is configured to calculate a sum of the demanded flow rates of the plurality of actuators on the basis of the input amounts of the operation levers of the plurality of operation lever devices, compute a command value for making a delivery flow rate of the hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic pump equal to the sum of the demanded flow rates, and output the command value to the pump regulating device to control the delivery flow rate of the hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic pump. | Flow control over a hydraulic pump and flow dividing control of a plurality of directional control valves associated with actuators can stably be exercised even in a case in which differential pressures across the directional control valves are quite low, an abrupt change in a flow rate of the hydraulic fluid supplied to each actuator is prevented and excellent combined operability is realized even in an abrupt change in a demanded flow rate at a time of transition from a combined operation to a sole operation, and realizing excellent combined operability, and a meter-in loss in each directional control valve is reduced to realize high energy efficiency. Demanded flow rates of the directional control valves are calculated from input amounts of operation levers, openings of flow control valves are controlled using the demanded flow rates, a meter-in pressure loss of a predetermined directional control valve is calculated from the demanded flow rates and meter-in opening areas of the directional control valves, and a set pressure of an unloading valve is controlled using a value of the meter-in pressure loss.1. to 5. (canceled) 6. A construction machine provided with a hydraulic drive system comprising:
a variable displacement hydraulic pump; a plurality of actuators driven by a hydraulic fluid delivered from the hydraulic pump; a control valve device that distributes and supplies the hydraulic fluid delivered from the hydraulic pump to the plurality of actuators; a plurality of operation lever devices that instructs drive directions and speeds of the plurality of actuators, respectively; a pump regulating device that controls a delivery flow rate of the hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic pump in such a manner that the hydraulic fluid is delivered at a flow rate to match with input amounts of operation levers of the plurality of operation lever devices; an unloading valve that discharges the hydraulic fluid in a hydraulic fluid supply line of the hydraulic pump to a tank when a pressure in the hydraulic fluid supply line of the hydraulic pump exceeds a set pressure determined by adding at least a target differential pressure to a highest load pressure of the plurality of actuators; a plurality of first pressure sensors that detect load pressures of the plurality of actuators, respectively; and a controller that controls the control valve device, wherein the control valve device includes a plurality of directional control valves that are changed over by the plurality of operation lever devices and are associated with the plurality of actuators so as to control the drive directions and the speeds of the actuators, respectively, and a plurality of flow control valves disposed between the hydraulic fluid supply line of the hydraulic pump and the plurality of directional control valves to control flow rates of the hydraulic fluid supplied to the plurality of directional control valves by changing opening areas of the flow control valves, respectively, and the controller is configured to: compute demanded flow rates of the plurality of actuators on the basis of input amounts of the operation levers of the plurality of operation lever devices and compute differential pressures between a highest load pressure among load pressures of the plurality of actuators and the load pressures of the plurality of actuators, compute target opening areas of the plurality of flow control valves on the basis of the demanded flow rates of the plurality of actuators and the differential pressures and control opening areas of the plurality of flow control valves in such a manner that the opening areas are equal to the target opening areas. 7. The construction machine according to claim 6, wherein
the controller is further configured to compute meter-in opening areas of the plurality of directional control valves on the basis of the input amounts of the operation levers of the plurality of operation lever devices, compute a meter-in pressure loss of a specific directional control valve out of the plurality of directional control valve on the basis of the meter-in opening areas and the demanded flow rates of the plurality of actuators, and output the pressure loss as the target differential pressure to control the set pressure of the unloading valve. 8. The construction machine according to claim 7, wherein
the controller is configured to compute, as the meter-in pressure loss of the specific directional control valve, a meter-in pressure loss of a directional control valve associated with an actuator having the highest load pressure out of the plurality of directional control valves, and output the pressure loss as the target differential pressure to control the set pressure of the unloading valve. 9. The construction machine according to claim 7, wherein
the controller is configured to select, as the meter-in pressure loss of the specific directional control valve, a maximum value of meter-in pressure losses of the plurality of directional control valves, and control the set pressure of the unloading valve using the pressure loss as the target differential pressure. 10. The construction machine according to claim 7, further comprising:
a second pressure sensor that detects a delivery pressure of the hydraulic pump, wherein the controller is configured to compute a command value for making the delivery pressure of the hydraulic pump detected by the second pressure sensor equal to a pressure determined by adding the target differential pressure to the highest load pressure, and output the command value to the pump regulating device to control a delivery flow rate of the hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic pump. 11. The construction machine according to claim 7, wherein
the controller is configured to calculate a sum of the demanded flow rates of the plurality of actuators on the basis of the input amounts of the operation levers of the plurality of operation lever devices, compute a command value for making a delivery flow rate of the hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic pump equal to the sum of the demanded flow rates, and output the command value to the pump regulating device to control the delivery flow rate of the hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic pump. | 3,700 |
340,769 | 16,642,260 | 3,732 | A method for decoding the name of detected radio stations, the method being implemented by a receiving system including at least one radio receiver, each of the received radio signals including a digital datum corresponding, at least intermittently, to the name of the radio station, the method including the following steps: for each radio station belonging to a list of radio stations preselected from the detected radio stations, a first decoding of the digital datum at a first sampling frequency, in order to determine a probable name; for any detected radio station not belonging to the list of preselected radio stations, a second decoding of the digital datum at a second sampling frequency lower than the first, in order to determine a probable name; and measuring a quality of the radio signal and inhibiting the first and second decodings if the quality of the signal drops below a preset threshold. | 1. A method for decoding the name of detected radio stations, said method being intended to be implemented by a receiving system comprising at least one radio receiver, said detected radio stations each corresponding to a multiplexed radio signal received by said at least one radio receiver, each of said received multiplexed radio signals comprising a digital datum corresponding, at least intermittently, to the name of the radio station, said method comprising the following steps:
for each radio station belonging to a list of radio stations preselected from said detected radio stations, a first decoding (D1) of the digital datum at a first sampling frequency, comprising, at any given time, depending on the first sampling frequency, reading (R1) said digital datum to determine a possible name of the radio station, storing (S1) the successive possible names read and statistically processing the successive possible names read to determine (PROB1) a probable name of the radio station, for any detected radio station not belonging to the list of preselected radio stations, a second decoding (D2) of the digital datum at a second sampling frequency lower than the first sampling frequency, comprising, at any given time, depending on the second sampling frequency, reading (R2) the digital datum to determine a possible name of the radio station, storing (S2) the successive possible names read, and comparing said possible name of the radio station determined at the time in question to the possible name determined at the preceding time in order to determine (PROB2), if two successively determined possible names are identical, a probable name of the radio station, measuring (Q) a quality of the radio signal and inhibiting (I) the first and second decodings if the quality of the signal drops below a preset threshold. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radio signal is encoded according to the radio data system of the RDS standard and the digital datum corresponds to the field designated PS in said radio data system of the RDS standard. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the comparing step of the second decoding comprises comparing said possible name of the radio station determined at the time in question to at least two successive possible names determined at successive preceding times, in order to determine (PROB2), if the at least three successively determined possible names are identical, a probable name of the radio station. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first sampling frequency is comprised between a first decoding (D1) every eight seconds and a first decoding (D1) every sixteen seconds. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second sampling frequency is comprised between a second decoding (D2) every four minutes and a second decoding (D2) every six minutes. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the receiving system, which is located on-board a vehicle, also performs an informing function, corresponding to the reception of an information signal and to the transmission of information, contained in said information signal, to the driver of the vehicle, said method comprising inhibiting the first and second decodings (D1, D2) on reception of an information signal, until the end of the transmission of said information. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, if the receiving system comprises a single radio receiver, said radio receiver receives and decodes the radio signal corresponding to the selected radio station, with a view to said signal being played, or implements the first decoding (D1) and the second decoding (D2), except in case of inhibition (I) of said first and second decodings (D1, D2). 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, if the receiving system comprises two radio receivers, a first radio receiver receives and decodes the radio signal corresponding to the selected radio station, with a view to said signal being played, and a second radio receiver implements the first decoding (D1) and the second decoding (D2), except in case of inhibition (I) of said first and second decodings (D1, D2). 9. A motor-vehicle radio receiving system, comprising a computer configured to control at least one radio receiver, in order to implement the method as claimed in claim 1. 10. A vehicle comprising a radio receiving system according to claim 9. 11. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the comparing step of the second decoding comprises comparing said possible name of the radio station determined at the time in question to at least two successive possible names determined at successive preceding times, in order to determine (PROB2), if the at least three successively determined possible names are identical, a probable name of the radio station. 12. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first sampling frequency is comprised between a first decoding (D1) every eight seconds and a first decoding (D1) every sixteen seconds. 13. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first sampling frequency is comprised between a first decoding (D1) every eight seconds and a first decoding (D1) every sixteen seconds. 14. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the second sampling frequency is comprised between a second decoding (D2) every four minutes and a second decoding (D2) every six minutes. 15. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the second sampling frequency is comprised between a second decoding (D2) every four minutes and a second decoding (D2) every six minutes. 16. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the second sampling frequency is comprised between a second decoding (D2) every four minutes and a second decoding (D2) every six minutes. 17. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the receiving system, which is located on-board a vehicle, also performs an informing function, corresponding to the reception of an information signal and to the transmission of information, contained in said information signal, to the driver of the vehicle, said method comprising inhibiting the first and second decodings (D1, D2) on reception of an information signal, until the end of the transmission of said information. 18. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the receiving system, which is located on-board a vehicle, also performs an informing function, corresponding to the reception of an information signal and to the transmission of information, contained in said information signal, to the driver of the vehicle, said method comprising inhibiting the first and second decodings (D1, D2) on reception of an information signal, until the end of the transmission of said information. 19. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the receiving system, which is located on-board a vehicle, also performs an informing function, corresponding to the reception of an information signal and to the transmission of information, contained in said information signal, to the driver of the vehicle, said method comprising inhibiting the first and second decodings (D1, D2) on reception of an information signal, until the end of the transmission of said information. 20. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the receiving system, which is located on-board a vehicle, also performs an informing function, corresponding to the reception of an information signal and to the transmission of information, contained in said information signal, to the driver of the vehicle, said method comprising inhibiting the first and second decodings (D1, D2) on reception of an information signal, until the end of the transmission of said information. | A method for decoding the name of detected radio stations, the method being implemented by a receiving system including at least one radio receiver, each of the received radio signals including a digital datum corresponding, at least intermittently, to the name of the radio station, the method including the following steps: for each radio station belonging to a list of radio stations preselected from the detected radio stations, a first decoding of the digital datum at a first sampling frequency, in order to determine a probable name; for any detected radio station not belonging to the list of preselected radio stations, a second decoding of the digital datum at a second sampling frequency lower than the first, in order to determine a probable name; and measuring a quality of the radio signal and inhibiting the first and second decodings if the quality of the signal drops below a preset threshold.1. A method for decoding the name of detected radio stations, said method being intended to be implemented by a receiving system comprising at least one radio receiver, said detected radio stations each corresponding to a multiplexed radio signal received by said at least one radio receiver, each of said received multiplexed radio signals comprising a digital datum corresponding, at least intermittently, to the name of the radio station, said method comprising the following steps:
for each radio station belonging to a list of radio stations preselected from said detected radio stations, a first decoding (D1) of the digital datum at a first sampling frequency, comprising, at any given time, depending on the first sampling frequency, reading (R1) said digital datum to determine a possible name of the radio station, storing (S1) the successive possible names read and statistically processing the successive possible names read to determine (PROB1) a probable name of the radio station, for any detected radio station not belonging to the list of preselected radio stations, a second decoding (D2) of the digital datum at a second sampling frequency lower than the first sampling frequency, comprising, at any given time, depending on the second sampling frequency, reading (R2) the digital datum to determine a possible name of the radio station, storing (S2) the successive possible names read, and comparing said possible name of the radio station determined at the time in question to the possible name determined at the preceding time in order to determine (PROB2), if two successively determined possible names are identical, a probable name of the radio station, measuring (Q) a quality of the radio signal and inhibiting (I) the first and second decodings if the quality of the signal drops below a preset threshold. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radio signal is encoded according to the radio data system of the RDS standard and the digital datum corresponds to the field designated PS in said radio data system of the RDS standard. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the comparing step of the second decoding comprises comparing said possible name of the radio station determined at the time in question to at least two successive possible names determined at successive preceding times, in order to determine (PROB2), if the at least three successively determined possible names are identical, a probable name of the radio station. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first sampling frequency is comprised between a first decoding (D1) every eight seconds and a first decoding (D1) every sixteen seconds. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second sampling frequency is comprised between a second decoding (D2) every four minutes and a second decoding (D2) every six minutes. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the receiving system, which is located on-board a vehicle, also performs an informing function, corresponding to the reception of an information signal and to the transmission of information, contained in said information signal, to the driver of the vehicle, said method comprising inhibiting the first and second decodings (D1, D2) on reception of an information signal, until the end of the transmission of said information. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, if the receiving system comprises a single radio receiver, said radio receiver receives and decodes the radio signal corresponding to the selected radio station, with a view to said signal being played, or implements the first decoding (D1) and the second decoding (D2), except in case of inhibition (I) of said first and second decodings (D1, D2). 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, if the receiving system comprises two radio receivers, a first radio receiver receives and decodes the radio signal corresponding to the selected radio station, with a view to said signal being played, and a second radio receiver implements the first decoding (D1) and the second decoding (D2), except in case of inhibition (I) of said first and second decodings (D1, D2). 9. A motor-vehicle radio receiving system, comprising a computer configured to control at least one radio receiver, in order to implement the method as claimed in claim 1. 10. A vehicle comprising a radio receiving system according to claim 9. 11. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the comparing step of the second decoding comprises comparing said possible name of the radio station determined at the time in question to at least two successive possible names determined at successive preceding times, in order to determine (PROB2), if the at least three successively determined possible names are identical, a probable name of the radio station. 12. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first sampling frequency is comprised between a first decoding (D1) every eight seconds and a first decoding (D1) every sixteen seconds. 13. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first sampling frequency is comprised between a first decoding (D1) every eight seconds and a first decoding (D1) every sixteen seconds. 14. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the second sampling frequency is comprised between a second decoding (D2) every four minutes and a second decoding (D2) every six minutes. 15. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the second sampling frequency is comprised between a second decoding (D2) every four minutes and a second decoding (D2) every six minutes. 16. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the second sampling frequency is comprised between a second decoding (D2) every four minutes and a second decoding (D2) every six minutes. 17. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the receiving system, which is located on-board a vehicle, also performs an informing function, corresponding to the reception of an information signal and to the transmission of information, contained in said information signal, to the driver of the vehicle, said method comprising inhibiting the first and second decodings (D1, D2) on reception of an information signal, until the end of the transmission of said information. 18. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the receiving system, which is located on-board a vehicle, also performs an informing function, corresponding to the reception of an information signal and to the transmission of information, contained in said information signal, to the driver of the vehicle, said method comprising inhibiting the first and second decodings (D1, D2) on reception of an information signal, until the end of the transmission of said information. 19. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the receiving system, which is located on-board a vehicle, also performs an informing function, corresponding to the reception of an information signal and to the transmission of information, contained in said information signal, to the driver of the vehicle, said method comprising inhibiting the first and second decodings (D1, D2) on reception of an information signal, until the end of the transmission of said information. 20. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the receiving system, which is located on-board a vehicle, also performs an informing function, corresponding to the reception of an information signal and to the transmission of information, contained in said information signal, to the driver of the vehicle, said method comprising inhibiting the first and second decodings (D1, D2) on reception of an information signal, until the end of the transmission of said information. | 3,700 |
340,770 | 16,642,240 | 3,732 | Spherical silica and/or silicate particles having a d50 median particle size from 1 to 5 μm, a d95 particle size less than 8 μm, an oil absorption from 40 to 100 cc/100 g, a pack density from 20 to 60 lb/ft3, and a sphericity factor (S80) of at least 0.9, are disclosed, as well as methods for making these spherical particles, and dentifrice compositions containing the spherical particles. | 1. Particles, which are silica and/or silicate particles, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles have:
(i) a d50 median particle size in a range from about 1 to about 5 μm; (ii) a d95 particle size of less than or equal to about 8 μm; (iii) an oil absorption in a range from about 40 to about 100 cc/100 g; (iv) a pack density in a range from about 20 to about 60 lb/ft3; and (v) a sphericity factor (S80) of greater than or equal to about 0.9. 2. The particles of claim 1, wherein the d50 median particle size is in a range from about 1.5 to about 4 μm. 3. The particles of claim 1, wherein the d50 median particle size is in a range from about 2 to about 4.5 μm. 4. The particles of claim 1, wherein the d95 particle size is less than or equal to about 7 μm. 5. The particles of claim 1, wherein the d95 particle size is less than or equal to about 6 μm. 6. The particles of claim 1, wherein the oil absorption is in a range from about 50 to about 85 cc/100g. 7. The particles of claim 1, wherein the oil absorption is in a range from about 60 to about 80 cc/100 g. 8. The particles of claim 1, wherein the pack density is in a range from about 30 to about 50 lb/ft3. 9. The particles of claim 1, wherein the pack density is in a range from about 35 to about 45 lb/ft3. 10. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles have an Einlehner abrasion value in a range from about 1 to about 10 mg lost/100,000 revolutions. 11. The particles of claim 1, any one of claims 1 9, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles have an Einlehner abrasion value in a range from about 2 to about 7 mg lost/100,000 revolutions. 12. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles have a BET surface area in a range from about 25 to about 100 m2/g. 13. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles have a BET surface area in a range from about 40 to about 90 m2/g. 14. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles have a water absorption (AbC) in a range from about 55 to about 115 cc/100 g. 15. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles have a water absorption (AbC) in a range from about 70 to about 100 cc/100 g. 16. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles have a 325 mesh residue of less than or equal to about 0.5 wt. %. 17. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles have a 325 mesh residue of less than or equal to about 0.2 wt. %. 18. The particles of claim 1, wherein the sphericity factor (S80) is greater than or equal to about 0.92. 19. The particles of claim 1, wherein the sphericity factor (S80) is greater than or equal to about 0.94. 20. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles are precipitated silica and/or silicate particles. 21. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles are amorphous. 22. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles comprise precipitated silica particles. 23. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles comprise sodium aluminosilicate particles, sodium magnesium aluminosilicate particles, calcium silicate particles, magnesium silicate particles, or any combination thereof. 24. A composition comprising the silica and/or silicate particles of claim 1. 25. A dentifrice composition comprising the particles of claim 1. 26. A dentifrice composition comprising from about 0.5 to about 50 wt. % of the particles of claim 1. 27. A dentifrice composition comprising from about 5 to about 35 wt. % of the particles of claim 1. 28. The dentifrice composition of claim 25, wherein the dentifrice composition further comprises at least one of a humectant, a solvent, a binder, a therapeutic agent, a chelating agent, a thickener other than the silica and/or silicate particles, a surfactant, an abrasive other than the silica and/or silicate particles, a sweetening agent, a colorant, a flavoring agent, and a preservative, or any combination thereof. | Spherical silica and/or silicate particles having a d50 median particle size from 1 to 5 μm, a d95 particle size less than 8 μm, an oil absorption from 40 to 100 cc/100 g, a pack density from 20 to 60 lb/ft3, and a sphericity factor (S80) of at least 0.9, are disclosed, as well as methods for making these spherical particles, and dentifrice compositions containing the spherical particles.1. Particles, which are silica and/or silicate particles, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles have:
(i) a d50 median particle size in a range from about 1 to about 5 μm; (ii) a d95 particle size of less than or equal to about 8 μm; (iii) an oil absorption in a range from about 40 to about 100 cc/100 g; (iv) a pack density in a range from about 20 to about 60 lb/ft3; and (v) a sphericity factor (S80) of greater than or equal to about 0.9. 2. The particles of claim 1, wherein the d50 median particle size is in a range from about 1.5 to about 4 μm. 3. The particles of claim 1, wherein the d50 median particle size is in a range from about 2 to about 4.5 μm. 4. The particles of claim 1, wherein the d95 particle size is less than or equal to about 7 μm. 5. The particles of claim 1, wherein the d95 particle size is less than or equal to about 6 μm. 6. The particles of claim 1, wherein the oil absorption is in a range from about 50 to about 85 cc/100g. 7. The particles of claim 1, wherein the oil absorption is in a range from about 60 to about 80 cc/100 g. 8. The particles of claim 1, wherein the pack density is in a range from about 30 to about 50 lb/ft3. 9. The particles of claim 1, wherein the pack density is in a range from about 35 to about 45 lb/ft3. 10. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles have an Einlehner abrasion value in a range from about 1 to about 10 mg lost/100,000 revolutions. 11. The particles of claim 1, any one of claims 1 9, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles have an Einlehner abrasion value in a range from about 2 to about 7 mg lost/100,000 revolutions. 12. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles have a BET surface area in a range from about 25 to about 100 m2/g. 13. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles have a BET surface area in a range from about 40 to about 90 m2/g. 14. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles have a water absorption (AbC) in a range from about 55 to about 115 cc/100 g. 15. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles have a water absorption (AbC) in a range from about 70 to about 100 cc/100 g. 16. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles have a 325 mesh residue of less than or equal to about 0.5 wt. %. 17. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles have a 325 mesh residue of less than or equal to about 0.2 wt. %. 18. The particles of claim 1, wherein the sphericity factor (S80) is greater than or equal to about 0.92. 19. The particles of claim 1, wherein the sphericity factor (S80) is greater than or equal to about 0.94. 20. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles are precipitated silica and/or silicate particles. 21. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles are amorphous. 22. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles comprise precipitated silica particles. 23. The particles of claim 1, wherein the silica and/or silicate particles comprise sodium aluminosilicate particles, sodium magnesium aluminosilicate particles, calcium silicate particles, magnesium silicate particles, or any combination thereof. 24. A composition comprising the silica and/or silicate particles of claim 1. 25. A dentifrice composition comprising the particles of claim 1. 26. A dentifrice composition comprising from about 0.5 to about 50 wt. % of the particles of claim 1. 27. A dentifrice composition comprising from about 5 to about 35 wt. % of the particles of claim 1. 28. The dentifrice composition of claim 25, wherein the dentifrice composition further comprises at least one of a humectant, a solvent, a binder, a therapeutic agent, a chelating agent, a thickener other than the silica and/or silicate particles, a surfactant, an abrasive other than the silica and/or silicate particles, a sweetening agent, a colorant, a flavoring agent, and a preservative, or any combination thereof. | 3,700 |
340,771 | 16,642,253 | 3,732 | A system (100) includes a computer readable storage medium (122) with computer executable instructions (124), including: a predictor (126) configured to determine a baseline coronary state and a predicted coronaiy state from contrast enhanced cardiac computed tomography volumetric image data and a model of an effect of one or more substances on characteristics effecting the coronaiy state. The system further includes a processor (120) configured to execute the predictor to determine the baseline coronary state and the predicted coronary state from the contrast enhanced cardiac computed tomography volumetric image data and the model of the effect of one or more of the substances on the characteristics effecting the coronary state. The system further includes a display configured to display the baseline coronaiy state and the predicted coronaiy state. | 1. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
a computer readable storage medium configured to store computer executable instructions; a processor configured to execute the computer executable instructions to determine the baseline coronary state and the predicted coronary state from the contrast enhanced cardiac computed tomography volumetric image data and the model of the effect of one or more of the substances on the characteristics effecting the coronary state; and a display configured to display the baseline coronary state and the predicted coronary state. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to segment a coronary tree from the contrast enhanced cardiac computed tomography volumetric image data and determine the baseline and predicted coronary states therewith. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the baseline coronary state includes a baseline fractional flow reserve index. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the model indicates a reduction in plaque, and the predicted coronary state includes a predicted fractional flow reserve index computed based on a boundary condition determined from the reduction in the plaque. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the processor is configured to compare baseline and predicted coronary states for each substance and indicate the substance corresponding to a largest increase in the fraction flow reserve index. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to indicate an improvement in myocardial perfusion for the predicted coronary state for each of the substances. 7. The system of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to detect locations of plaque in the coronary tree, classify each plaque as a type of plaque, and compute a baseline volume of each type of plaque. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the types of plaque include at least one of calcified plaque, lipid-rich plaque, and mixed plaque. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to apply the model to each volume of plaque and determine a predicted volume of each type of plaque. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to compare baseline and predicted coronary states for each substance and indicate the substance corresponding to a largest decrease in volume for each type of plaque. 11. The system of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to indicate a risk of acute coronary syndrome with and without each substance. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine an induced change of one or more of a blood flow and a shear stress at plaque caps. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to take into account a size of a myocardial region at risk when a thrombus forms. 14. A computer readable storage medium encoded with computer readable instructions, which, when executed by a processor of a computing system, causes the processor to:
receive contrast enhanced cardiac computed tomography volumetric image data; obtain a model of an effect of one or more substances on characteristics affecting the coronary state, wherein the model indicates a reduction in plaque for each substance; determine a baseline coronary state and a predicted coronary state from the contrast enhanced cardiac computed tomography volumetric image data and the model; and display the baseline coronary state and the predicted coronary state. 15. The computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the baseline coronary state includes a baseline fractional flow reserve index and a baseline volume of each type of plaque. 16. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, where the processor is configured to apply the model to a boundary condition to compute the baseline fractional flow reserve index and apply the model to the baseline volume of each type of plaque to generate a predicted volume of each type of plaque. 17. The computer readable storage medium of claim 16, where the processor is configured to recommend a substance based on baseline and predicted fractional flow reserve indexes and volumes of each type of plaque. 18. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
acquiring contrast enhanced cardiac computed tomography volumetric image data; selecting a model of an effect of one or more substances on characteristics affecting the coronary state, wherein the model indicates a reduction in plaque for each substance; determining a baseline coronary state and a predicted coronary state from the contrast enhanced cardiac computed tomography volumetric image data and the model; and displaying the baseline coronary state and the predicted coronary state. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the baseline coronary state includes a baseline fractional flow reserve index and a baseline volume of each type of plaque. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
applying the model to a boundary condition to compute the baseline fractional flow reserve index; and applying the model to the baseline volume of each type of plaque to generate a predicted volume of each type of plaque. | A system (100) includes a computer readable storage medium (122) with computer executable instructions (124), including: a predictor (126) configured to determine a baseline coronary state and a predicted coronaiy state from contrast enhanced cardiac computed tomography volumetric image data and a model of an effect of one or more substances on characteristics effecting the coronaiy state. The system further includes a processor (120) configured to execute the predictor to determine the baseline coronary state and the predicted coronary state from the contrast enhanced cardiac computed tomography volumetric image data and the model of the effect of one or more of the substances on the characteristics effecting the coronary state. The system further includes a display configured to display the baseline coronaiy state and the predicted coronaiy state.1. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
a computer readable storage medium configured to store computer executable instructions; a processor configured to execute the computer executable instructions to determine the baseline coronary state and the predicted coronary state from the contrast enhanced cardiac computed tomography volumetric image data and the model of the effect of one or more of the substances on the characteristics effecting the coronary state; and a display configured to display the baseline coronary state and the predicted coronary state. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to segment a coronary tree from the contrast enhanced cardiac computed tomography volumetric image data and determine the baseline and predicted coronary states therewith. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the baseline coronary state includes a baseline fractional flow reserve index. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the model indicates a reduction in plaque, and the predicted coronary state includes a predicted fractional flow reserve index computed based on a boundary condition determined from the reduction in the plaque. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the processor is configured to compare baseline and predicted coronary states for each substance and indicate the substance corresponding to a largest increase in the fraction flow reserve index. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to indicate an improvement in myocardial perfusion for the predicted coronary state for each of the substances. 7. The system of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to detect locations of plaque in the coronary tree, classify each plaque as a type of plaque, and compute a baseline volume of each type of plaque. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the types of plaque include at least one of calcified plaque, lipid-rich plaque, and mixed plaque. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to apply the model to each volume of plaque and determine a predicted volume of each type of plaque. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to compare baseline and predicted coronary states for each substance and indicate the substance corresponding to a largest decrease in volume for each type of plaque. 11. The system of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to indicate a risk of acute coronary syndrome with and without each substance. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine an induced change of one or more of a blood flow and a shear stress at plaque caps. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to take into account a size of a myocardial region at risk when a thrombus forms. 14. A computer readable storage medium encoded with computer readable instructions, which, when executed by a processor of a computing system, causes the processor to:
receive contrast enhanced cardiac computed tomography volumetric image data; obtain a model of an effect of one or more substances on characteristics affecting the coronary state, wherein the model indicates a reduction in plaque for each substance; determine a baseline coronary state and a predicted coronary state from the contrast enhanced cardiac computed tomography volumetric image data and the model; and display the baseline coronary state and the predicted coronary state. 15. The computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the baseline coronary state includes a baseline fractional flow reserve index and a baseline volume of each type of plaque. 16. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, where the processor is configured to apply the model to a boundary condition to compute the baseline fractional flow reserve index and apply the model to the baseline volume of each type of plaque to generate a predicted volume of each type of plaque. 17. The computer readable storage medium of claim 16, where the processor is configured to recommend a substance based on baseline and predicted fractional flow reserve indexes and volumes of each type of plaque. 18. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
acquiring contrast enhanced cardiac computed tomography volumetric image data; selecting a model of an effect of one or more substances on characteristics affecting the coronary state, wherein the model indicates a reduction in plaque for each substance; determining a baseline coronary state and a predicted coronary state from the contrast enhanced cardiac computed tomography volumetric image data and the model; and displaying the baseline coronary state and the predicted coronary state. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the baseline coronary state includes a baseline fractional flow reserve index and a baseline volume of each type of plaque. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
applying the model to a boundary condition to compute the baseline fractional flow reserve index; and applying the model to the baseline volume of each type of plaque to generate a predicted volume of each type of plaque. | 3,700 |
340,772 | 16,642,227 | 3,732 | A support system for mounting a medical-technical device, comprises a fixation unit, a support module that is attachable to fixation unit, a support arm that comprises a mounting end and an attachment end, wherein the mounting end is mountable to support module; and a joint member that is attachable to attachment end of support arm. | 1. A support system for mounting a medical-technical device, comprising:
a fixation unit for mounting the support system on a carrier structure; a support module attachable to the fixation unit; a support arm comprising a mounting end and an attachment end, the mounting end being mountable to the support module; and a joint member attachable to the attachment end of the support arm, the joint member configured to be attachable to the medical-technical device and to provide a pivotal connection between the support arm and the medical-technical device. 2. The support system according to claim 1, wherein the fixation unit is configured as a clamping unit for mounting the support system in a clampable manner. 3. The support system according to claim 2, wherein the clamping unit comprises:
a clamp body; a first clamp arm and a second clamp arm protruding substantially parallel from the clamp body to form a C-shaped structure; a threaded bore passing through the second clamp arm; a clamp screw retained within the threaded bore; a clamping element that is movably arranged between the first clamp arm and the second clamp arm, connected to the clamp screw and configured to engage in a clamping manner with the first clamp arm when the clamp screw is screwed into the threaded bore. 4. The support system according to claim 3, wherein the first clamp arm and the clamping element each comprise a clamping surface having a recess. 5. The support system according to claim 2, wherein the fixation unit comprises a mounting surface with a plurality of threaded bores to which the support module is attachable and/or screwable. 6. The support system according to claim 5, wherein the support module is attachable to the mounting surface in a plurality of orientations and/or two orientations that are substantially orthogonal to one another. 7. The support system according claim 6, wherein the support module is attachable to the mounting surface in each of the plurality of orientations with at least two of the plurality of bores. 8. The support system according claim 6, wherein the plurality of orientations is defined by a rotation of the support module relative to the fixation unit around a virtual rotation axis substantially central and substantially orthogonal to the mounting surface, with a rotation of about 90°. 9. The support system according claim 8, wherein the plurality of bores are arranged symmetrical with respect to the virtual rotation axis with four-fold rotational symmetry. 10. The support system according to claim 1, wherein the support module comprises a location hole configured to receive the mounting end of the support arm. 11. The support system according to claim 1, wherein the support arm comprises a region that comprises the mounting end of the support arm and a region that comprises the attachment end of the support arm, and wherein the region of the support arm comprising the attachment end is configured to be swivelable about an axis that essentially extends along the extension direction of the mounting end. 12. The support system according to claim 11, wherein the support arm comprises a hinge unit that pivotally connects the region of the support arm comprising the mounting end and the region of the support arm comprising the attachment end. 13. The support system according to claim 12, wherein the hinge unit comprises a spring mechanism configured to balance a torque exerted on the hinge unit by the weight of the region of the support arm comprising the attachment end and further components mounted thereon. 14. The support system according to claim 13, wherein the spring mechanism is connected to a first end of the region that comprises the attachment end of the support arm and to a second end of the region that comprises the mounting end of the support arm or to the support module, the second end of the spring mechanism being swivelably connected to the support module and the region of the support arm comprising the attachment end being swivelably connected to the support module, by a circumferential guiding groove or circumferential guiding ring of the support module. 15. The support system according to claim 1, wherein the joint member comprises a ball joint, wherein the joint member comprises a locking member configured to lock the joint member in a pivoted position. | A support system for mounting a medical-technical device, comprises a fixation unit, a support module that is attachable to fixation unit, a support arm that comprises a mounting end and an attachment end, wherein the mounting end is mountable to support module; and a joint member that is attachable to attachment end of support arm.1. A support system for mounting a medical-technical device, comprising:
a fixation unit for mounting the support system on a carrier structure; a support module attachable to the fixation unit; a support arm comprising a mounting end and an attachment end, the mounting end being mountable to the support module; and a joint member attachable to the attachment end of the support arm, the joint member configured to be attachable to the medical-technical device and to provide a pivotal connection between the support arm and the medical-technical device. 2. The support system according to claim 1, wherein the fixation unit is configured as a clamping unit for mounting the support system in a clampable manner. 3. The support system according to claim 2, wherein the clamping unit comprises:
a clamp body; a first clamp arm and a second clamp arm protruding substantially parallel from the clamp body to form a C-shaped structure; a threaded bore passing through the second clamp arm; a clamp screw retained within the threaded bore; a clamping element that is movably arranged between the first clamp arm and the second clamp arm, connected to the clamp screw and configured to engage in a clamping manner with the first clamp arm when the clamp screw is screwed into the threaded bore. 4. The support system according to claim 3, wherein the first clamp arm and the clamping element each comprise a clamping surface having a recess. 5. The support system according to claim 2, wherein the fixation unit comprises a mounting surface with a plurality of threaded bores to which the support module is attachable and/or screwable. 6. The support system according to claim 5, wherein the support module is attachable to the mounting surface in a plurality of orientations and/or two orientations that are substantially orthogonal to one another. 7. The support system according claim 6, wherein the support module is attachable to the mounting surface in each of the plurality of orientations with at least two of the plurality of bores. 8. The support system according claim 6, wherein the plurality of orientations is defined by a rotation of the support module relative to the fixation unit around a virtual rotation axis substantially central and substantially orthogonal to the mounting surface, with a rotation of about 90°. 9. The support system according claim 8, wherein the plurality of bores are arranged symmetrical with respect to the virtual rotation axis with four-fold rotational symmetry. 10. The support system according to claim 1, wherein the support module comprises a location hole configured to receive the mounting end of the support arm. 11. The support system according to claim 1, wherein the support arm comprises a region that comprises the mounting end of the support arm and a region that comprises the attachment end of the support arm, and wherein the region of the support arm comprising the attachment end is configured to be swivelable about an axis that essentially extends along the extension direction of the mounting end. 12. The support system according to claim 11, wherein the support arm comprises a hinge unit that pivotally connects the region of the support arm comprising the mounting end and the region of the support arm comprising the attachment end. 13. The support system according to claim 12, wherein the hinge unit comprises a spring mechanism configured to balance a torque exerted on the hinge unit by the weight of the region of the support arm comprising the attachment end and further components mounted thereon. 14. The support system according to claim 13, wherein the spring mechanism is connected to a first end of the region that comprises the attachment end of the support arm and to a second end of the region that comprises the mounting end of the support arm or to the support module, the second end of the spring mechanism being swivelably connected to the support module and the region of the support arm comprising the attachment end being swivelably connected to the support module, by a circumferential guiding groove or circumferential guiding ring of the support module. 15. The support system according to claim 1, wherein the joint member comprises a ball joint, wherein the joint member comprises a locking member configured to lock the joint member in a pivoted position. | 3,700 |
340,773 | 16,642,234 | 3,732 | Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatuses for uplink transmission without an uplink grant. In example embodiments, a method implemented in a terminal device in a communication system is presented. According to this method, the terminal device determines a redundancy version (RV) pattern for a plurality of uplink transmissions. The RV pattern indicates a plurality of RV indices. At least one RV index in the respective plurality of RV indices is periodic in the RV pattern. The terminal device determines coded bits to be transmitted in the plurality of uplink transmissions based at least in part on the RV pattern. The terminal device transmits the coded bits to the network device in at least one transmission of the plurality of uplink transmissions without an uplink grant. By utilizing this periodic structure of the RV pattern, the network device may have more chance to receive the predefined or configured RV index with self-decodable transmissions for example, leading to a higher reliability and better decoding performance for the grant-free communication systems. | 1-50. (canceled) 51. A method implemented in a terminal device in a communication system, the terminal device performing a plurality of uplink transmissions with a network device, comprising:
determining, for the plurality of uplink transmissions, a redundancy version pattern, wherein the redundancy version pattern comprises a plurality of redundancy version index subsets, each redundancy version index subset indicating one or more redundancy version indices; determining, based at least in part on the redundancy version pattern, coded bits to be transmitted in the plurality of uplink transmissions; and transmitting, without an uplink grant, the coded bits to the network device in at least one transmission of the plurality of uplink transmissions. 52. The method according to claim 51, wherein the determining the redundancy version pattern comprises determining the redundancy version pattern based on at least one of:
a code rate of the coded bits to be transmitted, a modulation and coding scheme of the coded bits to be transmitted, and a number of the plurality of uplink transmissions. 53. The method according to claim 51, wherein the redundancy version pattern is nested with respect to a number of the plurality of uplink transmissions. 54. The method according to claim 51, wherein a first redundancy version index in the each subset is a preconfigured redundancy version index. 55. The method according to claim 54, wherein the preconfigured redundancy version index is redundancy version zero. 56. The method according to claim 51, wherein sizes of the redundancy version index subsets are different. 57. The method according to claim 51, wherein the plurality of redundancy version index subsets is nested with respect to a size of the plurality of redundancy version index subsets. 58. A terminal device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the processor, causing the terminal device to perform actions, the actions comprising: determining, for a plurality of uplink transmissions, a redundancy version pattern, wherein the redundancy version pattern comprises a plurality of redundancy version index subsets, each redundancy version index subset indicating one or more redundancy version indices; determining, based at least in part on the redundancy version pattern, coded bits to be transmitted in the plurality of uplink transmissions; and transmitting, without an uplink grant, the coded bits to the network device in at least one transmission of the plurality of uplink transmissions. 59. The terminal device according to claim 58, wherein the determining the redundancy version pattern comprises determining the redundancy version pattern based on at least one of:
a code rate of the coded bits to be transmitted, a modulation and coding scheme of the coded bits to be transmitted, and a number of the plurality of uplink transmissions. 60. The terminal device according to claim 58, wherein the redundancy version pattern is nested with respect to a number of the plurality of uplink transmissions. 61. The terminal device according to claim 58, wherein a first redundancy version index in the each subset is a preconfigured redundancy version index. 62. The terminal device according to claim 61, wherein the preconfigured redundancy version index is redundancy version zero. 63. The terminal device according to claim 58, wherein sizes of the redundancy version index subsets are different. 64. A network device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the processor, causing the network device to perform actions, the actions comprising: determining, for a plurality of uplink transmissions, a redundancy version pattern, wherein the redundancy version pattern comprises a plurality of redundancy version index subsets, each redundancy version index subset indicating one or more redundancy version indices; and receiving, based at least in part on the redundancy version pattern, coded bits from a terminal device in at least one reception of the plurality of uplink transmissions without an uplink grant. 65. The network device according to claim 64, wherein the actions further comprises:
transmitting the redundancy version pattern to the terminal device. 66. The network device according to claim 64, wherein the determining the redundancy version pattern comprises determining the redundancy version pattern based on at least one of:
a code rate of the coded bits to be transmitted, a modulation and coding scheme of the coded bits to be transmitted, and a number of the plurality of uplink transmissions. 67. The network device according to claim 64, wherein the actions further comprises transmitting to the terminal device at least one of;
the number of the plurality of uplink transmissions, transmission resource of the plurality of uplink transmission, and a set of modulation and coding scheme. 68. The network device according to claim 64, wherein the redundancy version pattern is nested with respect to a number of the plurality of uplink transmissions. 69. The network device according to claim 64, wherein a first redundancy version index in the each subset is a preconfigured redundancy version index. 70. The network device according to claim 69, wherein the preconfigured redundancy version index is redundancy version zero. | Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatuses for uplink transmission without an uplink grant. In example embodiments, a method implemented in a terminal device in a communication system is presented. According to this method, the terminal device determines a redundancy version (RV) pattern for a plurality of uplink transmissions. The RV pattern indicates a plurality of RV indices. At least one RV index in the respective plurality of RV indices is periodic in the RV pattern. The terminal device determines coded bits to be transmitted in the plurality of uplink transmissions based at least in part on the RV pattern. The terminal device transmits the coded bits to the network device in at least one transmission of the plurality of uplink transmissions without an uplink grant. By utilizing this periodic structure of the RV pattern, the network device may have more chance to receive the predefined or configured RV index with self-decodable transmissions for example, leading to a higher reliability and better decoding performance for the grant-free communication systems.1-50. (canceled) 51. A method implemented in a terminal device in a communication system, the terminal device performing a plurality of uplink transmissions with a network device, comprising:
determining, for the plurality of uplink transmissions, a redundancy version pattern, wherein the redundancy version pattern comprises a plurality of redundancy version index subsets, each redundancy version index subset indicating one or more redundancy version indices; determining, based at least in part on the redundancy version pattern, coded bits to be transmitted in the plurality of uplink transmissions; and transmitting, without an uplink grant, the coded bits to the network device in at least one transmission of the plurality of uplink transmissions. 52. The method according to claim 51, wherein the determining the redundancy version pattern comprises determining the redundancy version pattern based on at least one of:
a code rate of the coded bits to be transmitted, a modulation and coding scheme of the coded bits to be transmitted, and a number of the plurality of uplink transmissions. 53. The method according to claim 51, wherein the redundancy version pattern is nested with respect to a number of the plurality of uplink transmissions. 54. The method according to claim 51, wherein a first redundancy version index in the each subset is a preconfigured redundancy version index. 55. The method according to claim 54, wherein the preconfigured redundancy version index is redundancy version zero. 56. The method according to claim 51, wherein sizes of the redundancy version index subsets are different. 57. The method according to claim 51, wherein the plurality of redundancy version index subsets is nested with respect to a size of the plurality of redundancy version index subsets. 58. A terminal device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the processor, causing the terminal device to perform actions, the actions comprising: determining, for a plurality of uplink transmissions, a redundancy version pattern, wherein the redundancy version pattern comprises a plurality of redundancy version index subsets, each redundancy version index subset indicating one or more redundancy version indices; determining, based at least in part on the redundancy version pattern, coded bits to be transmitted in the plurality of uplink transmissions; and transmitting, without an uplink grant, the coded bits to the network device in at least one transmission of the plurality of uplink transmissions. 59. The terminal device according to claim 58, wherein the determining the redundancy version pattern comprises determining the redundancy version pattern based on at least one of:
a code rate of the coded bits to be transmitted, a modulation and coding scheme of the coded bits to be transmitted, and a number of the plurality of uplink transmissions. 60. The terminal device according to claim 58, wherein the redundancy version pattern is nested with respect to a number of the plurality of uplink transmissions. 61. The terminal device according to claim 58, wherein a first redundancy version index in the each subset is a preconfigured redundancy version index. 62. The terminal device according to claim 61, wherein the preconfigured redundancy version index is redundancy version zero. 63. The terminal device according to claim 58, wherein sizes of the redundancy version index subsets are different. 64. A network device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the processor, causing the network device to perform actions, the actions comprising: determining, for a plurality of uplink transmissions, a redundancy version pattern, wherein the redundancy version pattern comprises a plurality of redundancy version index subsets, each redundancy version index subset indicating one or more redundancy version indices; and receiving, based at least in part on the redundancy version pattern, coded bits from a terminal device in at least one reception of the plurality of uplink transmissions without an uplink grant. 65. The network device according to claim 64, wherein the actions further comprises:
transmitting the redundancy version pattern to the terminal device. 66. The network device according to claim 64, wherein the determining the redundancy version pattern comprises determining the redundancy version pattern based on at least one of:
a code rate of the coded bits to be transmitted, a modulation and coding scheme of the coded bits to be transmitted, and a number of the plurality of uplink transmissions. 67. The network device according to claim 64, wherein the actions further comprises transmitting to the terminal device at least one of;
the number of the plurality of uplink transmissions, transmission resource of the plurality of uplink transmission, and a set of modulation and coding scheme. 68. The network device according to claim 64, wherein the redundancy version pattern is nested with respect to a number of the plurality of uplink transmissions. 69. The network device according to claim 64, wherein a first redundancy version index in the each subset is a preconfigured redundancy version index. 70. The network device according to claim 69, wherein the preconfigured redundancy version index is redundancy version zero. | 3,700 |
340,774 | 16,642,278 | 3,732 | Methods for providing corrosion inhibition in conduits, containers, and wellbores penetrating subterranean formations are provided. In some embodiments, the methods comprise contacting a metal surface with a fluid comprising a corrosion inhibitor additive. In certain embodiments, the corrosion inhibitor additive comprises a compound comprising a hydrophobic cation moiety, one or more lipophilic tails, and a linking moiety. | 1. A method comprising:
contacting a metal surface with a fluid comprising a corrosion inhibitor additive, wherein the corrosion inhibitor additive comprises at least one compound having the structural formula: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein X− is selected from the group consisting of: a carboxylate, a halide, a sulfate, an organic sulfonate, a hydroxide, a phosphate, a borate, and any combination thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of introducing the corrosion inhibitor additive to the fluid. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of R1, R2, and R3 comprise a heteroatom. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal surface comprises carbon steel. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the corrosion inhibitor additive is present in an amount from about 25 ppm to about 500 ppm based on the volume of the fluid. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluid has a pH of from about 4 to about 10. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein each of R4 and R5 is a C1 to C50 hydrocarbyl group resulting from a reaction between an acrylate or a methacrylate and an amine. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the amine is a synthetic primary or secondary amine selected from the group consisting of: butylamine, hexylamine, octylamine, dodecylamine, N-methyldodecylamine, N-methyloctylamine, didodecylamine, and any combination thereof. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the amine is a primary or secondary fatty amine derived from one or more fatty acids selected from the group consisting of: tallow, corn oil, canola oil, coconut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, palm oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, hemp oil, wheat germ oil, palm kernel oil, vegetable oil, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, stearic acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, sapienic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, erucic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotic acid, oleic acids (cis- and trans-), and any combination thereof. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is a reaction product of a reaction between (i) an alkylating agent or an acid and (ii) a second intermediate resulting from a reaction between a dialkylaminoalkylamine and a first intermediate, the first intermediate resulting from a reaction between an acrylate or a methacrylate and an amine. 12. A method comprising:
introducing a corrosion inhibitor additive into a wellbore penetrating at least a portion of a subterranean formation, wherein the corrosion inhibitor additive comprises at least one compound having the structural formula: 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the corrosion inhibitor additive is introduced into the wellbore through a conduit or an injection point in fluid communication with the wellbore. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein X− is selected from the group consisting of: a carboxylate, a halide, a sulfate, an organic sulfonate, a hydroxide, a phosphate, a borate, and any combination thereof. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the metal surface comprises carbon steel. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising allowing the corrosion inhibitor additive to contact a treatment fluid residing in the wellbore or subterranean formation. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein at least one of R1, R2, and R3 comprise a heteroatom. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein R1 is hydrogen, R2 is a methyl group, R3 is a methyl group, a is 2, b is 3, R4 is hydrogen, R5 is a C8 to C18 alkyl group, and X− is a carboxylate. 19. A method comprising:
introducing a fluid comprising a corrosion inhibitor additive into at least a portion of a conduit or container comprising a metal surface, wherein the corrosion inhibitor additive comprises at least one compound having the structural formula: 20. The method of claim 19, wherein R1 is hydrogen, R2 is a methyl group, R3 is a methyl group, a is 2, b is 3, R4 is hydrogen, R5 is a C8 to C18 alkyl group, and X− is a carboxylate. | Methods for providing corrosion inhibition in conduits, containers, and wellbores penetrating subterranean formations are provided. In some embodiments, the methods comprise contacting a metal surface with a fluid comprising a corrosion inhibitor additive. In certain embodiments, the corrosion inhibitor additive comprises a compound comprising a hydrophobic cation moiety, one or more lipophilic tails, and a linking moiety.1. A method comprising:
contacting a metal surface with a fluid comprising a corrosion inhibitor additive, wherein the corrosion inhibitor additive comprises at least one compound having the structural formula: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein X− is selected from the group consisting of: a carboxylate, a halide, a sulfate, an organic sulfonate, a hydroxide, a phosphate, a borate, and any combination thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of introducing the corrosion inhibitor additive to the fluid. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of R1, R2, and R3 comprise a heteroatom. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal surface comprises carbon steel. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the corrosion inhibitor additive is present in an amount from about 25 ppm to about 500 ppm based on the volume of the fluid. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluid has a pH of from about 4 to about 10. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein each of R4 and R5 is a C1 to C50 hydrocarbyl group resulting from a reaction between an acrylate or a methacrylate and an amine. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the amine is a synthetic primary or secondary amine selected from the group consisting of: butylamine, hexylamine, octylamine, dodecylamine, N-methyldodecylamine, N-methyloctylamine, didodecylamine, and any combination thereof. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the amine is a primary or secondary fatty amine derived from one or more fatty acids selected from the group consisting of: tallow, corn oil, canola oil, coconut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, palm oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, hemp oil, wheat germ oil, palm kernel oil, vegetable oil, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, stearic acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, sapienic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, erucic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotic acid, oleic acids (cis- and trans-), and any combination thereof. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is a reaction product of a reaction between (i) an alkylating agent or an acid and (ii) a second intermediate resulting from a reaction between a dialkylaminoalkylamine and a first intermediate, the first intermediate resulting from a reaction between an acrylate or a methacrylate and an amine. 12. A method comprising:
introducing a corrosion inhibitor additive into a wellbore penetrating at least a portion of a subterranean formation, wherein the corrosion inhibitor additive comprises at least one compound having the structural formula: 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the corrosion inhibitor additive is introduced into the wellbore through a conduit or an injection point in fluid communication with the wellbore. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein X− is selected from the group consisting of: a carboxylate, a halide, a sulfate, an organic sulfonate, a hydroxide, a phosphate, a borate, and any combination thereof. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the metal surface comprises carbon steel. 16. The method of claim 12, further comprising allowing the corrosion inhibitor additive to contact a treatment fluid residing in the wellbore or subterranean formation. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein at least one of R1, R2, and R3 comprise a heteroatom. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein R1 is hydrogen, R2 is a methyl group, R3 is a methyl group, a is 2, b is 3, R4 is hydrogen, R5 is a C8 to C18 alkyl group, and X− is a carboxylate. 19. A method comprising:
introducing a fluid comprising a corrosion inhibitor additive into at least a portion of a conduit or container comprising a metal surface, wherein the corrosion inhibitor additive comprises at least one compound having the structural formula: 20. The method of claim 19, wherein R1 is hydrogen, R2 is a methyl group, R3 is a methyl group, a is 2, b is 3, R4 is hydrogen, R5 is a C8 to C18 alkyl group, and X− is a carboxylate. | 3,700 |
340,775 | 16,642,287 | 3,732 | Provided is a system for the cryptographically protected monitoring of at least one component of a device or a system, including a component for providing at least one second element of a blockchain, having at least one transaction dataset including a monitored operating state of at least one component of the device or the system; a device for linking the at least one second element to a first element of the same or of a further blockchain; a device for providing a checking function which checks a transaction which is defined by the at least one transaction dataset and which is to be carried out for integrity; and a device for forming a transaction dataset having an action associated with the operating state, depending on the checking result delivered by the checking function, wherein the transaction defined by the transaction dataset can be carried out by a system component. | 1. A system for the cryptographically protected monitoring of at least one component of a device or an apparatus comprising:
a device for providing at least one second link of a blockchain, the at least one second link comprising at least one transaction data set comprising a monitored operating state of at least one component of the device or the apparatus, device for linking the at least one second link to a first link of the same or a further blockchain, device for providing a checking function which checks a transaction to be carried out, which transaction is defined by the at least one transaction data set, for integrity, and device for forming a transaction data set having a measure assigned to the operating state, depending on the checking result yielded by the checking function, wherein the transaction defined by the transaction data set is able to be carried out by a component of the device or of the apparatus and the measure is at least one of able to be initiated and able to be carried out by the same or a different component or by a station situated outside the device or the apparatus. 2. The system as claimed in the claim 1, wherein the first link comprises a further monitored operating state of at least one further component of the device or of the apparatus. 3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a negative checking result comprises a value for an error and/or for a manipulation or for an absence of an expected transaction data set. 4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a positive checking result comprises a value for a confirmation. 5. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monitoring of the at least one and/or further component is implemented by a so-called smart contract. 6. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operating state relates to a device- or apparatus-internal state. 7. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operating state relates to at least one of a state of sensors, actuators and control units for the device or the apparatus which are arranged outside the device or the apparatus. 8. A method for the cryptographically protected monitoring of at least one component of a device or an apparatus comprising the following steps:
providing at least one second link of blockchain, the at least one second link comprising at least one transaction data set, wherein a monitored operating state of at least one component of the device or of the apparatus is represented in the transaction data set, linking the at least one second link to a first link of the same or a further blockchain, providing a checking function which checks the transaction data set for integrity/admissibility, and forming a transaction data set having a measure assigned to the operating state, depending on the checking result yielded by the checking function, wherein the transaction defined by the transaction data set is carried out by a component of the device or of the apparatus and the measure is initiated and/or is carried out by the same or a different component or by a station situated outside the device or the apparatus. 9. The method as claimed claim 8, wherein the first link comprises a further monitored operating state of at least one further component of the device or of the apparatus. 10. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein a negative checking result comprises at least one of a value for an error and for a manipulation or for an absence of an expected transaction data set. 11. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein at a positive checking result comprises a value for a confirmation. 12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monitoring of the operating state of the at least one and/or further component is implemented by a so-called smart contract. 13. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operating state relates to a device- or apparatus-internal state. 14. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operating state relates to a state of sensors, actuators and/or control units for the device or the apparatus which are arranged outside the device or the apparatus. 15. A computer program product having program instructions for the system as claimed in claim 1, comprising a computer readable hardware storage device having computer readable program code stored therein, said program code executable by a processor of a computer system to implement a method, which is configured by the program instructions which are suitable for the cryptographically protected monitoring of at least one component of the system and form at least one link of a blockchain, the transaction data set of said at least one link comprising a monitored operating state of at least one component of the device or of the apparatus. 16. A system for the cryptographically protected monitoring of at least one component of a device or an apparatus comprising:
means for providing at least one second link of a blockchain, the at least one second link comprising at least one transaction data set comprising a monitored operating state of at least one component of the device or the apparatus, means for linking the at least one second link to a first link of the same or a further blockchain, means tor providing a checking function which checks a transaction to be carried out, which transaction is defined by the at least one transaction data set, for integrity, and means for forming a transaction data set having a measure assigned to the operating state, depending on the checking result yielded by the checking function, wherein the transaction defined by the transaction data set is able to be carried out by a component of the device or of the apparatus and the measure is able to be initiated and/or able to be carried out by the same or a different component or by a station situated outside the device or the apparatus. | Provided is a system for the cryptographically protected monitoring of at least one component of a device or a system, including a component for providing at least one second element of a blockchain, having at least one transaction dataset including a monitored operating state of at least one component of the device or the system; a device for linking the at least one second element to a first element of the same or of a further blockchain; a device for providing a checking function which checks a transaction which is defined by the at least one transaction dataset and which is to be carried out for integrity; and a device for forming a transaction dataset having an action associated with the operating state, depending on the checking result delivered by the checking function, wherein the transaction defined by the transaction dataset can be carried out by a system component.1. A system for the cryptographically protected monitoring of at least one component of a device or an apparatus comprising:
a device for providing at least one second link of a blockchain, the at least one second link comprising at least one transaction data set comprising a monitored operating state of at least one component of the device or the apparatus, device for linking the at least one second link to a first link of the same or a further blockchain, device for providing a checking function which checks a transaction to be carried out, which transaction is defined by the at least one transaction data set, for integrity, and device for forming a transaction data set having a measure assigned to the operating state, depending on the checking result yielded by the checking function, wherein the transaction defined by the transaction data set is able to be carried out by a component of the device or of the apparatus and the measure is at least one of able to be initiated and able to be carried out by the same or a different component or by a station situated outside the device or the apparatus. 2. The system as claimed in the claim 1, wherein the first link comprises a further monitored operating state of at least one further component of the device or of the apparatus. 3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a negative checking result comprises a value for an error and/or for a manipulation or for an absence of an expected transaction data set. 4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a positive checking result comprises a value for a confirmation. 5. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monitoring of the at least one and/or further component is implemented by a so-called smart contract. 6. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operating state relates to a device- or apparatus-internal state. 7. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operating state relates to at least one of a state of sensors, actuators and control units for the device or the apparatus which are arranged outside the device or the apparatus. 8. A method for the cryptographically protected monitoring of at least one component of a device or an apparatus comprising the following steps:
providing at least one second link of blockchain, the at least one second link comprising at least one transaction data set, wherein a monitored operating state of at least one component of the device or of the apparatus is represented in the transaction data set, linking the at least one second link to a first link of the same or a further blockchain, providing a checking function which checks the transaction data set for integrity/admissibility, and forming a transaction data set having a measure assigned to the operating state, depending on the checking result yielded by the checking function, wherein the transaction defined by the transaction data set is carried out by a component of the device or of the apparatus and the measure is initiated and/or is carried out by the same or a different component or by a station situated outside the device or the apparatus. 9. The method as claimed claim 8, wherein the first link comprises a further monitored operating state of at least one further component of the device or of the apparatus. 10. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein a negative checking result comprises at least one of a value for an error and for a manipulation or for an absence of an expected transaction data set. 11. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein at a positive checking result comprises a value for a confirmation. 12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monitoring of the operating state of the at least one and/or further component is implemented by a so-called smart contract. 13. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operating state relates to a device- or apparatus-internal state. 14. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operating state relates to a state of sensors, actuators and/or control units for the device or the apparatus which are arranged outside the device or the apparatus. 15. A computer program product having program instructions for the system as claimed in claim 1, comprising a computer readable hardware storage device having computer readable program code stored therein, said program code executable by a processor of a computer system to implement a method, which is configured by the program instructions which are suitable for the cryptographically protected monitoring of at least one component of the system and form at least one link of a blockchain, the transaction data set of said at least one link comprising a monitored operating state of at least one component of the device or of the apparatus. 16. A system for the cryptographically protected monitoring of at least one component of a device or an apparatus comprising:
means for providing at least one second link of a blockchain, the at least one second link comprising at least one transaction data set comprising a monitored operating state of at least one component of the device or the apparatus, means for linking the at least one second link to a first link of the same or a further blockchain, means tor providing a checking function which checks a transaction to be carried out, which transaction is defined by the at least one transaction data set, for integrity, and means for forming a transaction data set having a measure assigned to the operating state, depending on the checking result yielded by the checking function, wherein the transaction defined by the transaction data set is able to be carried out by a component of the device or of the apparatus and the measure is able to be initiated and/or able to be carried out by the same or a different component or by a station situated outside the device or the apparatus. | 3,700 |
340,776 | 16,642,286 | 3,732 | The present application proposes a touch electrode, a touch panel, and a display device. The touch electrode includes a plurality of first sub-electrodes, wherein each two of the first sub-electrodes are electrically connected to each other by a connecting body; a plurality of second sub-electrodes, wherein each two of the second sub-electrodes are directly electrically connected to each other; wherein the plurality of first sub-electrodes and the plurality of second sub-electrodes are staggered with each other in a horizontal direction and a longitudinal direction in the same layer. The touch electrode of the present application is divided into a plurality of small touch sub-electrodes, which can significantly enhance the folding resistance of the touch electrode. | 1. A touch electrode, comprising:
a plurality of first sub-electrodes, wherein each two of the plurality of first sub-electrodes are electrically connected to each other by a connecting body; a plurality of second sub-electrodes, wherein each two of the plurality of second sub-electrodes are directly electrically connected to each other; wherein the plurality of first sub-electrodes and the plurality of second sub-electrodes are staggered with each other in a horizontal direction and a longitudinal direction in a same layer. 2. The touch electrode according to claim 1, wherein the first sub-electrode and/or the second sub-electrode is configured as a three-layer composite structure of indium tin oxide, a metal, and indium tin oxide, and the connecting body is a metal bridge. 3. The touch electrode according to claim 2, further comprising a first touch electrode and a second touch electrode, wherein the first touch electrode comprises a plurality of first electrode groups, the plurality of first electrode groups communicate by a first metal lead, and each of the first electrode groups is composed of the plurality of first sub-electrodes in the longitudinal direction and wherein the second touch electrode comprises a plurality of second electrode groups, the plurality of second electrode groups communicate by a second metal lead, and each of the second electrode groups is composed of the plurality of second sub-electrodes in the horizontal direction. 4. The touch electrode according to claim 2, wherein the first sub-electrodes and/or the second sub-electrodes has a rhombus structure; the first sub-electrodes is each provided with a first connection point and a second connection point in the longitudinal direction; each of the first sub-electrodes is connected to an adjacent first sub-electrode in the longitudinal direction by the metal bridge; and one end of the metal bridge is connected to the first connection point of the first sub-electrode, and the other end of the metal bridge is connected to the second connection point of an adjacent first sub-electrode. 5. The touch electrode according to claim 1, wherein an area of the first sub-electrode and/or the second sub-electrode ranges from 50 to 800 μm2. 6. A touch panel comprising a touch electrode, wherein the touch electrode comprises:
a plurality of first sub-electrodes, wherein each two of the first sub-electrodes are electrically connected to each other by a connecting body; a plurality of second sub-electrodes, wherein each two of the second sub-electrodes are directly electrically connected to each other; wherein the plurality of the first sub-electrodes and the plurality of the second sub-electrodes are staggered with each other in a horizontal direction and a longitudinal direction in a same layer. 7. The touch panel according to claim 6, wherein the first sub-electrode and/or the second sub-electrode is configured as a three-layer composite structure of indium tin oxide, a metal, and indium tin oxide, and the connecting body is a metal bridge. 8. The touch panel according to claim 7, wherein the touch electrode further comprises a first touch electrode and a second touch electrode;
the first touch electrode comprises a plurality of first electrode groups, and the plurality of first electrode groups communicate by a first metal lead, wherein each of the first electrode groups is composed of the plurality of first sub-electrodes in the longitudinal direction; and the second touch electrode comprises a plurality of second electrode groups, and the plurality of second electrode groups communicate by a second metal lead, wherein each of the second electrode groups is composed of the plurality of second sub-electrodes in the horizontal direction. 9. The touch panel according to claim 7, wherein the first sub-electrode and/or the second sub-electrode has a rhombus structure; the first sub-electrodes is each provided with a first connection point and a second connection point in the longitudinal direction; each of the first sub-electrodes is connected to an adjacent first sub-electrode in the longitudinal direction by the metal bridge; and one end of the metal bridge is connected to the first connection point of the first sub-electrode, and the other end of the metal bridge is connected to the second connection point of an adjacent first sub-electrode. 10. The touch panel according to claim 6, wherein an area of the first sub-electrode and/or the second sub-electrode ranges from 50 to 800 μm2. 11. A display device, comprising:
a protective cover, a transparent optical adhesive, a touch layer, and a display screen, which are sequentially stacked, wherein the touch layer comprises touch electrodes and each of the touch electrodes comprises: a plurality of first sub-electrodes, wherein each two of the first sub-electrodes are electrically connected to each other by a connecting body; a plurality of second sub-electrodes, wherein each two of the second sub-electrodes are directly electrically connected to each other; wherein the plurality of first sub-electrodes and the plurality of second sub-electrodes are staggered with each other in a horizontal direction and a longitudinal direction in a same layer. 12. The display device according to claim 11, wherein a polarizer is further provided between the transparent optical adhesive and the touch layer, and a layer of the transparent optical adhesive is further provided between the touch layer and the display screen. 13. The display device according to claim 11, wherein the display screen further comprises a thin film encapsulation layer, a pixel light-emitting layer, and an array substrate, and wherein the thin film encapsulation layer, the pixel light-emitting layer, and the array substrate are sequentially stacked under the touch layer. 14. The display device according to claim 13, wherein the first sub-electrode and the second sub-electrode are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with pixel points of the pixel light-emitting layer so that metal bridges between the plurality of first sub-electrodes are all positioned between a plurality of the pixel points. 15. The display device according to claim 11, wherein the first sub-electrode and/or the second sub-electrode is configured as a three-layer composite structure of indium tin oxide, a metal, and indium tin oxide, and the connecting body is a metal bridge. 16. The display device according to claim 15, wherein the touch electrode further comprises a first touch electrode and a second touch electrode; the first touch electrode comprises a plurality of first electrode groups, and the plurality of first electrode groups communicate by a first metal lead, wherein each of the first electrode groups is composed of the plurality of first sub-electrodes in the longitudinal direction; and the second touch electrode comprises a plurality of second electrode groups, and the plurality of second electrode groups communicate by a second metal lead, wherein each of the second electrode groups is composed of the plurality of second sub-electrodes in the horizontal direction. 17. The display device according to claim 15, wherein the first sub-electrode and/or the second sub-electrode has a rhombus structure; the first sub-electrodes is each provided with a first connection point and a second connection point in a longitudinal direction; each of the first sub-electrodes is connected to an adjacent first sub-electrode in a longitudinal direction by the metal bridge; and one end of the metal bridge is connected to the first connection point of the first sub-electrode, and the other end of the metal bridge is connected to the second connection point of an adjacent first sub-electrode. 18. The display device according to claim 11, wherein an area of the first sub-electrode and/or the second sub-electrode ranges from 50 to 800 μm2. | The present application proposes a touch electrode, a touch panel, and a display device. The touch electrode includes a plurality of first sub-electrodes, wherein each two of the first sub-electrodes are electrically connected to each other by a connecting body; a plurality of second sub-electrodes, wherein each two of the second sub-electrodes are directly electrically connected to each other; wherein the plurality of first sub-electrodes and the plurality of second sub-electrodes are staggered with each other in a horizontal direction and a longitudinal direction in the same layer. The touch electrode of the present application is divided into a plurality of small touch sub-electrodes, which can significantly enhance the folding resistance of the touch electrode.1. A touch electrode, comprising:
a plurality of first sub-electrodes, wherein each two of the plurality of first sub-electrodes are electrically connected to each other by a connecting body; a plurality of second sub-electrodes, wherein each two of the plurality of second sub-electrodes are directly electrically connected to each other; wherein the plurality of first sub-electrodes and the plurality of second sub-electrodes are staggered with each other in a horizontal direction and a longitudinal direction in a same layer. 2. The touch electrode according to claim 1, wherein the first sub-electrode and/or the second sub-electrode is configured as a three-layer composite structure of indium tin oxide, a metal, and indium tin oxide, and the connecting body is a metal bridge. 3. The touch electrode according to claim 2, further comprising a first touch electrode and a second touch electrode, wherein the first touch electrode comprises a plurality of first electrode groups, the plurality of first electrode groups communicate by a first metal lead, and each of the first electrode groups is composed of the plurality of first sub-electrodes in the longitudinal direction and wherein the second touch electrode comprises a plurality of second electrode groups, the plurality of second electrode groups communicate by a second metal lead, and each of the second electrode groups is composed of the plurality of second sub-electrodes in the horizontal direction. 4. The touch electrode according to claim 2, wherein the first sub-electrodes and/or the second sub-electrodes has a rhombus structure; the first sub-electrodes is each provided with a first connection point and a second connection point in the longitudinal direction; each of the first sub-electrodes is connected to an adjacent first sub-electrode in the longitudinal direction by the metal bridge; and one end of the metal bridge is connected to the first connection point of the first sub-electrode, and the other end of the metal bridge is connected to the second connection point of an adjacent first sub-electrode. 5. The touch electrode according to claim 1, wherein an area of the first sub-electrode and/or the second sub-electrode ranges from 50 to 800 μm2. 6. A touch panel comprising a touch electrode, wherein the touch electrode comprises:
a plurality of first sub-electrodes, wherein each two of the first sub-electrodes are electrically connected to each other by a connecting body; a plurality of second sub-electrodes, wherein each two of the second sub-electrodes are directly electrically connected to each other; wherein the plurality of the first sub-electrodes and the plurality of the second sub-electrodes are staggered with each other in a horizontal direction and a longitudinal direction in a same layer. 7. The touch panel according to claim 6, wherein the first sub-electrode and/or the second sub-electrode is configured as a three-layer composite structure of indium tin oxide, a metal, and indium tin oxide, and the connecting body is a metal bridge. 8. The touch panel according to claim 7, wherein the touch electrode further comprises a first touch electrode and a second touch electrode;
the first touch electrode comprises a plurality of first electrode groups, and the plurality of first electrode groups communicate by a first metal lead, wherein each of the first electrode groups is composed of the plurality of first sub-electrodes in the longitudinal direction; and the second touch electrode comprises a plurality of second electrode groups, and the plurality of second electrode groups communicate by a second metal lead, wherein each of the second electrode groups is composed of the plurality of second sub-electrodes in the horizontal direction. 9. The touch panel according to claim 7, wherein the first sub-electrode and/or the second sub-electrode has a rhombus structure; the first sub-electrodes is each provided with a first connection point and a second connection point in the longitudinal direction; each of the first sub-electrodes is connected to an adjacent first sub-electrode in the longitudinal direction by the metal bridge; and one end of the metal bridge is connected to the first connection point of the first sub-electrode, and the other end of the metal bridge is connected to the second connection point of an adjacent first sub-electrode. 10. The touch panel according to claim 6, wherein an area of the first sub-electrode and/or the second sub-electrode ranges from 50 to 800 μm2. 11. A display device, comprising:
a protective cover, a transparent optical adhesive, a touch layer, and a display screen, which are sequentially stacked, wherein the touch layer comprises touch electrodes and each of the touch electrodes comprises: a plurality of first sub-electrodes, wherein each two of the first sub-electrodes are electrically connected to each other by a connecting body; a plurality of second sub-electrodes, wherein each two of the second sub-electrodes are directly electrically connected to each other; wherein the plurality of first sub-electrodes and the plurality of second sub-electrodes are staggered with each other in a horizontal direction and a longitudinal direction in a same layer. 12. The display device according to claim 11, wherein a polarizer is further provided between the transparent optical adhesive and the touch layer, and a layer of the transparent optical adhesive is further provided between the touch layer and the display screen. 13. The display device according to claim 11, wherein the display screen further comprises a thin film encapsulation layer, a pixel light-emitting layer, and an array substrate, and wherein the thin film encapsulation layer, the pixel light-emitting layer, and the array substrate are sequentially stacked under the touch layer. 14. The display device according to claim 13, wherein the first sub-electrode and the second sub-electrode are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with pixel points of the pixel light-emitting layer so that metal bridges between the plurality of first sub-electrodes are all positioned between a plurality of the pixel points. 15. The display device according to claim 11, wherein the first sub-electrode and/or the second sub-electrode is configured as a three-layer composite structure of indium tin oxide, a metal, and indium tin oxide, and the connecting body is a metal bridge. 16. The display device according to claim 15, wherein the touch electrode further comprises a first touch electrode and a second touch electrode; the first touch electrode comprises a plurality of first electrode groups, and the plurality of first electrode groups communicate by a first metal lead, wherein each of the first electrode groups is composed of the plurality of first sub-electrodes in the longitudinal direction; and the second touch electrode comprises a plurality of second electrode groups, and the plurality of second electrode groups communicate by a second metal lead, wherein each of the second electrode groups is composed of the plurality of second sub-electrodes in the horizontal direction. 17. The display device according to claim 15, wherein the first sub-electrode and/or the second sub-electrode has a rhombus structure; the first sub-electrodes is each provided with a first connection point and a second connection point in a longitudinal direction; each of the first sub-electrodes is connected to an adjacent first sub-electrode in a longitudinal direction by the metal bridge; and one end of the metal bridge is connected to the first connection point of the first sub-electrode, and the other end of the metal bridge is connected to the second connection point of an adjacent first sub-electrode. 18. The display device according to claim 11, wherein an area of the first sub-electrode and/or the second sub-electrode ranges from 50 to 800 μm2. | 3,700 |
340,777 | 16,642,246 | 3,732 | A license plate lamp unit which, with a simple structure, enables easy attachment of components to the rear of the vehicle and which can prevent relative displacement among components, and a vehicle equipped with the license plate lamp unit are provided. This license plate lamp unit is provided with: a license plate lamp (301) which irradiates light onto the license plate; a vehicle mounted camera (100) having a camera lens (101A, 101B); a nozzle 3 for discharging a cleaning medium towards the camera lens (101A, 101B); and an attachment member (310) supporting the license plate lamp (301), the vehicle mounted camera (100) and a nozzle (3). | 1. A license plate lamp unit comprising:
a license plate lamp configured to irradiate light to a license plate; a camera unit having a camera lens; a nozzle configured to discharge a cleaning medium toward the camera lens; and a base component configured to support the license plate lamp, the camera unit and the nozzle. 2. The license plate lamp unit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a delivery unit configured to deliver air, as the cleaning medium, toward the nozzle, wherein the delivery unit is supported to the base component. 3. The license plate lamp unit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a door opening/closing part for opening and closing a rear door of a vehicle, wherein the door opening/closing part is supported to the base component. 4. A license plate lamp unit comprising:
a license plate lamp having a light emission unit configured to irradiate light to a license plate; and a camera unit having a camera lens, wherein in a state in which the license plate lamp unit is mounted to a vehicle, the camera lens satisfies at least one of (a) a condition that the camera lens is located below a lower end of the light emission unit, and (b) a condition that the camera lens is located at the rear of a rear end of the light emission unit. 5. The license plate lamp unit according to claim 4, further comprising:
a delivery unit configured to deliver a cleaning medium; a nozzle configured to discharge the cleaning medium toward the camera lens; and a pipe path configured to interconnect the delivery unit and the nozzle. 6. A vehicle comprising the license plate lamp unit according to claim 1. 7. A vehicle comprising the license plate lamp unit according to claim 4. | A license plate lamp unit which, with a simple structure, enables easy attachment of components to the rear of the vehicle and which can prevent relative displacement among components, and a vehicle equipped with the license plate lamp unit are provided. This license plate lamp unit is provided with: a license plate lamp (301) which irradiates light onto the license plate; a vehicle mounted camera (100) having a camera lens (101A, 101B); a nozzle 3 for discharging a cleaning medium towards the camera lens (101A, 101B); and an attachment member (310) supporting the license plate lamp (301), the vehicle mounted camera (100) and a nozzle (3).1. A license plate lamp unit comprising:
a license plate lamp configured to irradiate light to a license plate; a camera unit having a camera lens; a nozzle configured to discharge a cleaning medium toward the camera lens; and a base component configured to support the license plate lamp, the camera unit and the nozzle. 2. The license plate lamp unit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a delivery unit configured to deliver air, as the cleaning medium, toward the nozzle, wherein the delivery unit is supported to the base component. 3. The license plate lamp unit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a door opening/closing part for opening and closing a rear door of a vehicle, wherein the door opening/closing part is supported to the base component. 4. A license plate lamp unit comprising:
a license plate lamp having a light emission unit configured to irradiate light to a license plate; and a camera unit having a camera lens, wherein in a state in which the license plate lamp unit is mounted to a vehicle, the camera lens satisfies at least one of (a) a condition that the camera lens is located below a lower end of the light emission unit, and (b) a condition that the camera lens is located at the rear of a rear end of the light emission unit. 5. The license plate lamp unit according to claim 4, further comprising:
a delivery unit configured to deliver a cleaning medium; a nozzle configured to discharge the cleaning medium toward the camera lens; and a pipe path configured to interconnect the delivery unit and the nozzle. 6. A vehicle comprising the license plate lamp unit according to claim 1. 7. A vehicle comprising the license plate lamp unit according to claim 4. | 3,700 |
340,778 | 16,642,261 | 3,732 | A method is provided of operating a vehicle radar system in which at least one radar sensor is arranged for detecting targets in the surroundings of the vehicle. At least one two-dimensional spectrum is provided which is specific for detecting the at least one radar sensor. A main processing step is then performed for target separation in which modeling on the basis of the at least one provided two-dimensional spectrum is performed by means of parameter estimation such that the targets are detected. | 1. A method of operating a vehicle radar system in which at least one radar sensor is arranged for detecting targets in the surroundings of the vehicle, where the following steps are performed:
providing at least one two-dimensional spectrum which is specific for detecting the at least one radar sensor, performing a main processing step for target separation, in which modeling on the basis of the at least one provided two-dimensional spectrum is performed by means of parameter estimation such that the targets are detected. 2. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the following step is performed prior to performance of the main processing step:
performing a preprocessing step on the at least one provided spectrum for data compression, which determines a processing signal causing the modeling as part of the main processing step to be performed on the basis of the processing signal. 3. The method in accordance with claim 2, wherein performance of the preprocessing step additionally comprises the following step:
separating useful information from noise in the provided or partially preprocessed spectrum. 4. The method in accordance with claim 2, wherein performance of the preprocessing step additionally comprises the following step:
Shifting at least one relevant frequency band in the provided or partially preprocessed spectrum into a lower frequency range, where the relevant frequency band comprises overlapping targets. 5. The method in accordance with claim 2, wherein performance of the preprocessing step additionally comprises the following step:
transforming the provided or partially preprocessed spectrum back into the time range in order to specify the processing signal as a time signal causing target separation to be performed on the basis of the modeling in the time range. 6. The method in accordance with claim 2, wherein performance of the preprocessing step additionally comprises the following step:
performing compensation of a window function relating to the provided or partially preprocessed spectrum. 7. The method in accordance with claim 2, wherein performance of the preprocessing step additionally comprises the following step:
performing subsampling for data compression relating to the provided or partially preprocessed spectrum. 8. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the following step is performed subsequent to performance of the main processing step:
performing a postprocessing step during which a plausibility check of modeling output of the parameter estimation is carried out in order to perform target separation depending on the plausibility check. 9. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein modeling according to the main processing step in two dimensions of the spectrum. 10. A radar system for a vehicle comprising:
a radar sensor for detecting a detection signal in order to detect targets in the surroundings of the vehicle, a processing device for processing the detection signal by means of a method in accordance with claim 1. 11. A computer readable recording medium storing thereon a computer program product that can be executed by a processing device allowing the subsequent steps to be performed by the processing device:
providing at least one two-dimensional spectrum, which is specific for detection of targets of at least one radar sensor, performing a main processing step for target separation, in which modeling on the basis of the at least one provided two-dimensional spectrum is performed by means of parameter estimation in order to detect the targets. 12. (canceled) | A method is provided of operating a vehicle radar system in which at least one radar sensor is arranged for detecting targets in the surroundings of the vehicle. At least one two-dimensional spectrum is provided which is specific for detecting the at least one radar sensor. A main processing step is then performed for target separation in which modeling on the basis of the at least one provided two-dimensional spectrum is performed by means of parameter estimation such that the targets are detected.1. A method of operating a vehicle radar system in which at least one radar sensor is arranged for detecting targets in the surroundings of the vehicle, where the following steps are performed:
providing at least one two-dimensional spectrum which is specific for detecting the at least one radar sensor, performing a main processing step for target separation, in which modeling on the basis of the at least one provided two-dimensional spectrum is performed by means of parameter estimation such that the targets are detected. 2. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the following step is performed prior to performance of the main processing step:
performing a preprocessing step on the at least one provided spectrum for data compression, which determines a processing signal causing the modeling as part of the main processing step to be performed on the basis of the processing signal. 3. The method in accordance with claim 2, wherein performance of the preprocessing step additionally comprises the following step:
separating useful information from noise in the provided or partially preprocessed spectrum. 4. The method in accordance with claim 2, wherein performance of the preprocessing step additionally comprises the following step:
Shifting at least one relevant frequency band in the provided or partially preprocessed spectrum into a lower frequency range, where the relevant frequency band comprises overlapping targets. 5. The method in accordance with claim 2, wherein performance of the preprocessing step additionally comprises the following step:
transforming the provided or partially preprocessed spectrum back into the time range in order to specify the processing signal as a time signal causing target separation to be performed on the basis of the modeling in the time range. 6. The method in accordance with claim 2, wherein performance of the preprocessing step additionally comprises the following step:
performing compensation of a window function relating to the provided or partially preprocessed spectrum. 7. The method in accordance with claim 2, wherein performance of the preprocessing step additionally comprises the following step:
performing subsampling for data compression relating to the provided or partially preprocessed spectrum. 8. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the following step is performed subsequent to performance of the main processing step:
performing a postprocessing step during which a plausibility check of modeling output of the parameter estimation is carried out in order to perform target separation depending on the plausibility check. 9. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein modeling according to the main processing step in two dimensions of the spectrum. 10. A radar system for a vehicle comprising:
a radar sensor for detecting a detection signal in order to detect targets in the surroundings of the vehicle, a processing device for processing the detection signal by means of a method in accordance with claim 1. 11. A computer readable recording medium storing thereon a computer program product that can be executed by a processing device allowing the subsequent steps to be performed by the processing device:
providing at least one two-dimensional spectrum, which is specific for detection of targets of at least one radar sensor, performing a main processing step for target separation, in which modeling on the basis of the at least one provided two-dimensional spectrum is performed by means of parameter estimation in order to detect the targets. 12. (canceled) | 3,700 |
340,779 | 16,642,256 | 3,732 | The disclosure relates to an array substrate, a display panel, a display device, and a method for manufacturing the array substrate. The array substrate includes a first substrate, a light emitting device on the first substrate, the light emitting device including a first electrode, a light emitting layer, and a second electrode sequentially disposed in a direction away from the first substrate, wherein the first electrode is transparent, and wherein the second electrode is reflective, an opaque portion between the first substrate and the light emitting device, wherein a projection of the light emitting device on the first substrate partially overlap with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate, and a reflective member between the opaque portion and the light emitting layer. | 1. An array substrate comprising:
a first substrate; a light emitting device on the first substrate, the light emitting device comprising a first electrode, a light emitting layer, and a second electrode sequentially disposed in a direction away from the first substrate, wherein the first electrode is transparent, and wherein the second electrode is reflective; an opaque portion between the first substrate and the light emitting device, wherein a projection of the light emitting device on the first substrate partially overlaps with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate; and a reflective member between the opaque portion and the light emitting layer. 2. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the reflective member has a first surface facing the first substrate and a second surface away from the first substrate, and wherein at least one of the first surface and the second surface is in contact with the first electrode. 3. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the second electrode comprises a first portion and a second portion, wherein a projection of the first portion on the first substrate at least partially overlaps with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate, wherein a projection of the second portion on the first substrate does not overlap with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate, and wherein the first portion can partially transmit light from the light emitting layer. 4. The array substrate according to claim 3, wherein the first portion and the second portion comprise a same material, and wherein a thickness of the first portion is less than a thickness of the second portion. 5. The array substrate according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the first portion does not exceed 20 nm. 6. The array substrate according to claim 3, wherein the first portion and the second portion comprise different materials. 7. The array substrate according to claim 3, wherein a material of the second electrode comprises any of magnesium, silver, aluminum, or a mixture thereof. 8. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the opaque portion comprises a thin film transistor, and wherein the array substrate further comprises:
a planarization layer between the thin film transistor and the first electrode; and a pixel definition layer on a surface of the planarization layer away from the first substrate, the pixel definition layers located on both sides of the first electrode to define a pixel region of the array substrate. 9. A display panel comprising the array substrate according to claim 1 and a cover plate disposed opposite to the array substrate. 10. The display panel according to claim 9, wherein the cover plate comprises a second substrate and a light detector disposed on a surface of the second substrate facing the array substrate, wherein a projection of the light detector on the first substrate at least partially overlaps with a projection of the first portion of the second electrode on the first substrate, wherein a projection of the first portion on the first substrate at least partially overlaps with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate, and wherein the first portion is capable of partially transmitting light from the light emitting layer. 11. The display panel according to claim 10, wherein the light detector comprises a PIN photoelectric conversion device. 12. A display device comprising:
the display panel according to claim 10; a data processing unit configured to generate a control signal according to a brightness of the light emitting device detected by the light detector; and a light emitting control unit configured to adjust the brightness of the light emitting device according to the control signal. 13. A method for manufacturing an array substrate, the method comprising:
providing a first substrate; forming an opaque portion on the first substrate; and forming a light emitting device and a reflective member on the opaque portion, wherein a projection of the light emitting device on the first substrate partially overlaps with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate, wherein the light emitting device includes a first electrode, a light emitting layer, and a second electrode sequentially disposed in a direction away from the first substrate, wherein the first electrode is transparent, the second electrode is reflective, and wherein the reflective member is located between the opaque portion and the light emitting layer. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein forming a light emitting device and a reflective member on the opaque portion comprises:
forming the first electrode on the opaque portion; forming the reflective member on the first electrode; forming the light emitting layer on the reflective member; and forming the second electrode on the light emitting layer. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein forming a light emitting device and a reflective member on the opaque portion comprises:
forming the reflective member on the opaque portion; forming the first electrode on the reflective member; forming the light emitting layer on the first electrode; and forming the second electrode on the light emitting layer. 16. The method according to claim 13, wherein forming a light emitting device and a reflective member on the opaque portion comprises:
forming a first sub-layer of a first electrode on the opaque portion; forming the reflective member on the first sub-layer; forming a second sub-layer of the first electrode on the reflective member; forming the light emitting layer on the second sub-layer; and forming the second electrode on the light emitting layer. 17. The method according to claim 13, wherein forming a second electrode of the light emitting device comprises:
forming a reflective conductive layer on the light emitting layer, the reflective conductive layer comprising a first portion and a second portion, wherein a projection of the first portion on the first substrate at least partially overlaps with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate, and wherein a projection of the second portion on the first substrate does not overlap with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate; and thinning the first portion. 18. The method according to claim 13, wherein forming a second electrode of the light emitting device comprises:
forming a first reflective conductive layer on the light emitting layer; and forming a second reflective conductive layer on the first reflective conductive layer, wherein a projection of the second reflective conductive layer on the first substrate does not overlap with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate. 19. The method according to claim 13, wherein forming the second electrode of the light emitting device comprises forming a first portion and a second portion on the light emitting layer, wherein a material of the first portion is different with a material of the second portion, wherein a projection of the first portion on the first substrate at least partially overlaps with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate, wherein a projection of the second portion on the first substrate does not overlap with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate, and wherein the first portion is capable of partially transmitting light from the light emitting layer. 20. A display device comprising:
the display panel according to claim 11; a data processing unit configured to generate a control signal according to a brightness of the light emitting device detected by the light detector; and a light emitting control unit configured to adjust the brightness of the light emitting device according to the control signal. | The disclosure relates to an array substrate, a display panel, a display device, and a method for manufacturing the array substrate. The array substrate includes a first substrate, a light emitting device on the first substrate, the light emitting device including a first electrode, a light emitting layer, and a second electrode sequentially disposed in a direction away from the first substrate, wherein the first electrode is transparent, and wherein the second electrode is reflective, an opaque portion between the first substrate and the light emitting device, wherein a projection of the light emitting device on the first substrate partially overlap with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate, and a reflective member between the opaque portion and the light emitting layer.1. An array substrate comprising:
a first substrate; a light emitting device on the first substrate, the light emitting device comprising a first electrode, a light emitting layer, and a second electrode sequentially disposed in a direction away from the first substrate, wherein the first electrode is transparent, and wherein the second electrode is reflective; an opaque portion between the first substrate and the light emitting device, wherein a projection of the light emitting device on the first substrate partially overlaps with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate; and a reflective member between the opaque portion and the light emitting layer. 2. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the reflective member has a first surface facing the first substrate and a second surface away from the first substrate, and wherein at least one of the first surface and the second surface is in contact with the first electrode. 3. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the second electrode comprises a first portion and a second portion, wherein a projection of the first portion on the first substrate at least partially overlaps with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate, wherein a projection of the second portion on the first substrate does not overlap with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate, and wherein the first portion can partially transmit light from the light emitting layer. 4. The array substrate according to claim 3, wherein the first portion and the second portion comprise a same material, and wherein a thickness of the first portion is less than a thickness of the second portion. 5. The array substrate according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the first portion does not exceed 20 nm. 6. The array substrate according to claim 3, wherein the first portion and the second portion comprise different materials. 7. The array substrate according to claim 3, wherein a material of the second electrode comprises any of magnesium, silver, aluminum, or a mixture thereof. 8. The array substrate according to claim 1, wherein the opaque portion comprises a thin film transistor, and wherein the array substrate further comprises:
a planarization layer between the thin film transistor and the first electrode; and a pixel definition layer on a surface of the planarization layer away from the first substrate, the pixel definition layers located on both sides of the first electrode to define a pixel region of the array substrate. 9. A display panel comprising the array substrate according to claim 1 and a cover plate disposed opposite to the array substrate. 10. The display panel according to claim 9, wherein the cover plate comprises a second substrate and a light detector disposed on a surface of the second substrate facing the array substrate, wherein a projection of the light detector on the first substrate at least partially overlaps with a projection of the first portion of the second electrode on the first substrate, wherein a projection of the first portion on the first substrate at least partially overlaps with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate, and wherein the first portion is capable of partially transmitting light from the light emitting layer. 11. The display panel according to claim 10, wherein the light detector comprises a PIN photoelectric conversion device. 12. A display device comprising:
the display panel according to claim 10; a data processing unit configured to generate a control signal according to a brightness of the light emitting device detected by the light detector; and a light emitting control unit configured to adjust the brightness of the light emitting device according to the control signal. 13. A method for manufacturing an array substrate, the method comprising:
providing a first substrate; forming an opaque portion on the first substrate; and forming a light emitting device and a reflective member on the opaque portion, wherein a projection of the light emitting device on the first substrate partially overlaps with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate, wherein the light emitting device includes a first electrode, a light emitting layer, and a second electrode sequentially disposed in a direction away from the first substrate, wherein the first electrode is transparent, the second electrode is reflective, and wherein the reflective member is located between the opaque portion and the light emitting layer. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein forming a light emitting device and a reflective member on the opaque portion comprises:
forming the first electrode on the opaque portion; forming the reflective member on the first electrode; forming the light emitting layer on the reflective member; and forming the second electrode on the light emitting layer. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein forming a light emitting device and a reflective member on the opaque portion comprises:
forming the reflective member on the opaque portion; forming the first electrode on the reflective member; forming the light emitting layer on the first electrode; and forming the second electrode on the light emitting layer. 16. The method according to claim 13, wherein forming a light emitting device and a reflective member on the opaque portion comprises:
forming a first sub-layer of a first electrode on the opaque portion; forming the reflective member on the first sub-layer; forming a second sub-layer of the first electrode on the reflective member; forming the light emitting layer on the second sub-layer; and forming the second electrode on the light emitting layer. 17. The method according to claim 13, wherein forming a second electrode of the light emitting device comprises:
forming a reflective conductive layer on the light emitting layer, the reflective conductive layer comprising a first portion and a second portion, wherein a projection of the first portion on the first substrate at least partially overlaps with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate, and wherein a projection of the second portion on the first substrate does not overlap with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate; and thinning the first portion. 18. The method according to claim 13, wherein forming a second electrode of the light emitting device comprises:
forming a first reflective conductive layer on the light emitting layer; and forming a second reflective conductive layer on the first reflective conductive layer, wherein a projection of the second reflective conductive layer on the first substrate does not overlap with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate. 19. The method according to claim 13, wherein forming the second electrode of the light emitting device comprises forming a first portion and a second portion on the light emitting layer, wherein a material of the first portion is different with a material of the second portion, wherein a projection of the first portion on the first substrate at least partially overlaps with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate, wherein a projection of the second portion on the first substrate does not overlap with a projection of the opaque portion on the first substrate, and wherein the first portion is capable of partially transmitting light from the light emitting layer. 20. A display device comprising:
the display panel according to claim 11; a data processing unit configured to generate a control signal according to a brightness of the light emitting device detected by the light detector; and a light emitting control unit configured to adjust the brightness of the light emitting device according to the control signal. | 3,700 |
340,780 | 16,642,267 | 3,732 | A method for laser beam welding of one or more steel sheets made of press-hardenable manganese-boron steel is disclosed. At least one of the steel sheets has a coating of aluminium. The laser beam welding takes place by feeding an additional wire into a melt bath generated by of a laser beam. The additional wire contains at least one austenite-stabilising alloy element. The weld seam after hot forming (press hardening) has a strength that is comparable to the base material. The laser beam is put into oscillation such that it oscillates transverse to the welding direction, wherein the oscillation frequency of the laser beam is at least 200 Hz, preferably at least 500 Hz. The method dispenses with removing the aluminum coating at the edge of the sheet-metal edges to be welded. | 1. A method for laser beam welding of one or more steel sheets made of press-hardenable manganese-boron steel, wherein at least one of the steel sheets has a coating made of aluminium, comprising:
feeding an additional wire into a melt bath generated by a laser beam, wherein the additional wire contains at least one austenite-stabilising alloy element, wherein the laser beam is set into oscillation such that the laser beam oscillates transverse to a welding direction, and wherein oscillation frequency of the laser beam is at least 200 Hz. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more steel sheets are joined during laser beam welding in a butt joint or an overlap joint with a gap of less than 0.8 mm. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein an amplitude of the oscillation of the laser beam is less than 2 mm. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laser beam welding is carried out at an advance speed of more than 4 m/min. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the oscillation of the laser beam is carried out with a linear, circular, or polygonal oscillation profile. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein a geometry of a weld seam is detected, and wherein at least one of the oscillation frequency and an amplitude of the oscillating laser beam is varied as a function of the detected geometry of the weld seam. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the additional wire has a carbon mass proportion of at least 0.1% by weight. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the additional wire has the following composition:
0.1 to 4.0% by weight C, 0.5 to 2.0% by weight Si, 1.0 to 2.5% by weight Mn, 0.5 to 2.0% by weight Cr+Mo, 1.0 to 4.0% by weight Ni, and remainder iron and unavoidable impurities. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the additional wire is heated prior to the feeding into the melt bath at least in a longitudinal section to a temperature of at least 50° C. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein inert gas is applied to the melt bath during the laser beam welding. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more steel sheets have a sheet thickness in the range of 0.5 to 4 mm. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more steel sheets have at least one of a different sheet thickness and a different tensile strength. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the oscillation frequency is at least 500 Hz. 14. The method according to claim 2, wherein the gap is less than 0.6 mm. 15. The method according to claim 2, wherein the gap is less than 0.4 mm. 16. The method according to claim 3, wherein the amplitude of the oscillation of the laser beam is less than 1 mm. 17. The method according to claim 4, wherein the laser beam welding is carried out at an advance speed in the range of 5 to 8 m/min. 18. The method according to claim 7, wherein the additional wire has a carbon mass proportion of around at least 0.3% by weight. 19. The method according to claim 9, wherein the additional wire is heated prior to the feeding into the melt bath at least in a longitudinal section to a temperature of at least 90° C. 20. The method according to claim 11, wherein the at least one or more steel sheets have a sheet thickness in the range of 0.8 to 2.5 mm. | A method for laser beam welding of one or more steel sheets made of press-hardenable manganese-boron steel is disclosed. At least one of the steel sheets has a coating of aluminium. The laser beam welding takes place by feeding an additional wire into a melt bath generated by of a laser beam. The additional wire contains at least one austenite-stabilising alloy element. The weld seam after hot forming (press hardening) has a strength that is comparable to the base material. The laser beam is put into oscillation such that it oscillates transverse to the welding direction, wherein the oscillation frequency of the laser beam is at least 200 Hz, preferably at least 500 Hz. The method dispenses with removing the aluminum coating at the edge of the sheet-metal edges to be welded.1. A method for laser beam welding of one or more steel sheets made of press-hardenable manganese-boron steel, wherein at least one of the steel sheets has a coating made of aluminium, comprising:
feeding an additional wire into a melt bath generated by a laser beam, wherein the additional wire contains at least one austenite-stabilising alloy element, wherein the laser beam is set into oscillation such that the laser beam oscillates transverse to a welding direction, and wherein oscillation frequency of the laser beam is at least 200 Hz. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more steel sheets are joined during laser beam welding in a butt joint or an overlap joint with a gap of less than 0.8 mm. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein an amplitude of the oscillation of the laser beam is less than 2 mm. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laser beam welding is carried out at an advance speed of more than 4 m/min. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the oscillation of the laser beam is carried out with a linear, circular, or polygonal oscillation profile. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein a geometry of a weld seam is detected, and wherein at least one of the oscillation frequency and an amplitude of the oscillating laser beam is varied as a function of the detected geometry of the weld seam. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the additional wire has a carbon mass proportion of at least 0.1% by weight. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the additional wire has the following composition:
0.1 to 4.0% by weight C, 0.5 to 2.0% by weight Si, 1.0 to 2.5% by weight Mn, 0.5 to 2.0% by weight Cr+Mo, 1.0 to 4.0% by weight Ni, and remainder iron and unavoidable impurities. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the additional wire is heated prior to the feeding into the melt bath at least in a longitudinal section to a temperature of at least 50° C. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein inert gas is applied to the melt bath during the laser beam welding. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more steel sheets have a sheet thickness in the range of 0.5 to 4 mm. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the one or more steel sheets have at least one of a different sheet thickness and a different tensile strength. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the oscillation frequency is at least 500 Hz. 14. The method according to claim 2, wherein the gap is less than 0.6 mm. 15. The method according to claim 2, wherein the gap is less than 0.4 mm. 16. The method according to claim 3, wherein the amplitude of the oscillation of the laser beam is less than 1 mm. 17. The method according to claim 4, wherein the laser beam welding is carried out at an advance speed in the range of 5 to 8 m/min. 18. The method according to claim 7, wherein the additional wire has a carbon mass proportion of around at least 0.3% by weight. 19. The method according to claim 9, wherein the additional wire is heated prior to the feeding into the melt bath at least in a longitudinal section to a temperature of at least 90° C. 20. The method according to claim 11, wherein the at least one or more steel sheets have a sheet thickness in the range of 0.8 to 2.5 mm. | 3,700 |
340,781 | 16,642,266 | 3,732 | A method for preparing a patterned substrate includes selectively etching any one segment block of a self-assembled block copolymer from a laminate having a substrate; wherein a block copolymer membrane is formed on the substrate and the substrate contains the self-assembled block copolymer. According to the method, the self-assembled pattern of the block copolymer can be efficiently and accurately transferred on the substrate to prepare a patterened substate. | 1. A method for preparing a patterned substrate comprising:
selectively etching any one segment block of a self-assembled block copolymer from a laminate having a substrate; wherein a block copolymer membrane is formed on the substrate and the substrate contains the self-assembled block copolymer, wherein the selectively etching is performed using a reaction gas containing fluorocarbon and oxygen, and the selectively etching is performed while maintaining a ratio (A/B) of a flow rate (A) of the fluorocarbon to a flow rate (B) of the oxygen in a range of 0.5 to 7.5. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selectively etching maintains a flow rate of fluorocarbon of more than 0 sccm and 50 sccm or less. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selectively etching maintains a flow rate of oxygen of more than 0 sccm and 35 sccm or less. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selectively etching further supplies an inert gas at a flow rate of 200 sccm or less. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the etching maintains the ratio (A/C) of the flow rate (A) of the fluorocarbon to the flow rate (C) of the inert gas in a range of 0.1 to 1. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fluorocarbon has two or more fluorine atoms and at molar ratio (F/C) of the fluorine atom (F) to the carbon atom (C) is 2 or more. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction gas in the selectively etching consists of fluorocarbon and oxygen, or consists of fluorocarbon, oxygen and an inert gas. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein a range of the applied electric power in the etching step is maintained in the range of 150W to 400W. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selectively etching is performed in a chamber in which two opposite cathode and anode are present, the substrate on which the block copolymer membrane is formed is positioned on the cathode between the cathode and the anode, and an RF power source is applied to the cathode. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the self-assembled block copolymer comprises a polymer segment A block including a chain having 8 or more chain-forming atoms and a polymer segment B block having a structure different from that of the polymer segment A block. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the polymer segment A block comprises a ring structure and the chain is substituted on the ring structure. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the ring structure of the polymer segment A block comprises no halogen atom and the polymer segment B block has a ring structure including a halogen atom. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the block copolymer comprises a polymer segment A block and a polymer segment B block having a structure different from that of the polymer segment A block, and the polymer segment A block and the polymer segment B block each comprise a ring structure. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the ring structure of the polymer segment A block comprises no halogen atom, and the ring structure of the polymer segment B block comprises a halogen atom. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein a chain having 8 or more chain-forming atoms is substituted on the ring structure of the polymer segment A block. 16. The method according to claim 1, further comprising etching the substrate using the block copolymer membrane, from which the any one segment block has been removed, as a mask. | A method for preparing a patterned substrate includes selectively etching any one segment block of a self-assembled block copolymer from a laminate having a substrate; wherein a block copolymer membrane is formed on the substrate and the substrate contains the self-assembled block copolymer. According to the method, the self-assembled pattern of the block copolymer can be efficiently and accurately transferred on the substrate to prepare a patterened substate.1. A method for preparing a patterned substrate comprising:
selectively etching any one segment block of a self-assembled block copolymer from a laminate having a substrate; wherein a block copolymer membrane is formed on the substrate and the substrate contains the self-assembled block copolymer, wherein the selectively etching is performed using a reaction gas containing fluorocarbon and oxygen, and the selectively etching is performed while maintaining a ratio (A/B) of a flow rate (A) of the fluorocarbon to a flow rate (B) of the oxygen in a range of 0.5 to 7.5. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selectively etching maintains a flow rate of fluorocarbon of more than 0 sccm and 50 sccm or less. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selectively etching maintains a flow rate of oxygen of more than 0 sccm and 35 sccm or less. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selectively etching further supplies an inert gas at a flow rate of 200 sccm or less. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the etching maintains the ratio (A/C) of the flow rate (A) of the fluorocarbon to the flow rate (C) of the inert gas in a range of 0.1 to 1. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fluorocarbon has two or more fluorine atoms and at molar ratio (F/C) of the fluorine atom (F) to the carbon atom (C) is 2 or more. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction gas in the selectively etching consists of fluorocarbon and oxygen, or consists of fluorocarbon, oxygen and an inert gas. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein a range of the applied electric power in the etching step is maintained in the range of 150W to 400W. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the selectively etching is performed in a chamber in which two opposite cathode and anode are present, the substrate on which the block copolymer membrane is formed is positioned on the cathode between the cathode and the anode, and an RF power source is applied to the cathode. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the self-assembled block copolymer comprises a polymer segment A block including a chain having 8 or more chain-forming atoms and a polymer segment B block having a structure different from that of the polymer segment A block. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the polymer segment A block comprises a ring structure and the chain is substituted on the ring structure. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the ring structure of the polymer segment A block comprises no halogen atom and the polymer segment B block has a ring structure including a halogen atom. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the block copolymer comprises a polymer segment A block and a polymer segment B block having a structure different from that of the polymer segment A block, and the polymer segment A block and the polymer segment B block each comprise a ring structure. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the ring structure of the polymer segment A block comprises no halogen atom, and the ring structure of the polymer segment B block comprises a halogen atom. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein a chain having 8 or more chain-forming atoms is substituted on the ring structure of the polymer segment A block. 16. The method according to claim 1, further comprising etching the substrate using the block copolymer membrane, from which the any one segment block has been removed, as a mask. | 3,700 |
340,782 | 16,642,275 | 3,732 | The invention relates to an image processing device (10) comprising a data input (11) for receiving a 3D diagnostic image and a segmentation unit (12) for segmenting a thoracic cavity, a pelvic cavity, an abdominopelvic cavity or a combination of a thoracic cavity and an abdominopelvic cavity in the 3D diagnostic image and for determining a boundary surface thereof. The device also comprise a surface texture processor (13) for determining a surface texture for the boundary surface by projecting image information from a local neighborhood of the boundary surface in the 3D diagnostic image onto the boundary surface. The device comprises an output (14) for outputting a visual representation of at least one flat anatomical structure, comprising one or more ribs, a sternum, one or more vertebrae and/or a pelvic bone complex, adjacent to the body cavity by applying and visualizing the surface texture on the boundary surface. | 1. A computer-implemented image processing device, comprising:
a memory device configured to store computer executable instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the computer executable instructions to cause the computer-implemented image processing device to:
receive data representative of a three-dimensional diagnostic image;
segment at least a part of a body cavity in the three-dimensional diagnostic image and determine at least a part of a boundary surface of the body cavity, wherein the body cavity is at least one of a thoracic cavity, a pelvic cavity, an abdominopelvic cavity, and a combination of the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity;
determine a surface texture for the boundary surface by projecting image information from a local neighborhood of the boundary surface in the three-dimensional diagnostic image onto the boundary surface; and
output a visual representation of at least one flat anatomical structure adjacent to the body cavity by applying and visualizing the surface texture on the boundary surface, wherein the at least one flat anatomical structure comprises at least one of one or more ribs, a sternum, one or more vertebrae, and a pelvic bone complex. 2. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein for each boundary surface element of the boundary surface, the at least one processor is configured to collect voxel values from a local neighborhood that extends in a direction normal to the boundary surface at the location of a corresponding boundary surface element. 3. The image processing device of claim 2, wherein the local neighborhood is adjacent to the exterior side of the boundary surface element, or the local neighborhood extends to either side of the boundary surface element. 4. The image processing device of claim 2, wherein the local neighborhood corresponds to a predetermined range or a dynamically learned range of distance with respect to the boundary surface. 5. The image processing device of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is configured to summarize, for each boundary surface element, the collected voxel values into at least one value such that a plurality of the values, defined over the plurality of boundary surface elements, forms the surface texture, and wherein the at least one processor is configured to summarize the voxel values into the at least one value by calculating a maximum of the collected voxel values. 6. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive the data representative of volumetric image data, organized in voxels, obtained by imaging an imaged region of a human body using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. 7. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to apply a model-based volumetric image segmentation method by fitting a model of the volume and/or the boundary surface of the body cavity to the data. 8. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to output the visual representation comprising a static or dynamic projection view of a three-dimensional model corresponding to the boundary surface. 9. The image processing device of claim 1, comprising a user interface for enabling a user to manipulate the visual representation dynamically. 10. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the visual representation comprises the boundary surface dissected into two parts which are visualized concurrently. 11. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the visual representation comprises a planar representation of the boundary surface. 12. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to label flat bones and/or other anatomical features of interest on the visual representation. 13. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to deform the visual representation of the at least one flat anatomical structure by non-rigidly deforming the surface texture and the boundary surface. 14. The image processing device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one flat anatomical structure comprises one or more ribs, and wherein a visual representation of the one or more ribs is provided in a straightened manner by non-rigidly deforming and straightening of the surface texture and the boundary surface. 15. (canceled) 16. A computer-implemented method for visualizing at least one flat anatomical structure adjacent to a body cavity, the method comprising:
receiving data representative of a three-dimensional diagnostic image; segmenting at least a part of the body cavity in the three-dimensional diagnostic image and determining at least a part of a boundary surface of the body cavity; determining a surface texture for the boundary surface by projecting image information from a local neighborhood of the boundary surface in the three-dimensional diagnostic image onto the boundary surface; and generating a visual representation of the at least one flat anatomical structure adjacent to the body cavity by applying and visualizing the surface texture on the boundary surface, wherein the body cavity is at least one of a thoracic cavity, a pelvic cavity, an abdominopelvic cavity, and a combination of the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity, and wherein the at least one flat anatomical structure comprises at least one of one or more ribs, a sternum, one or more vertebrae, and a pelvic bone complex. 17. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium encoded with one or more computer executable instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method of claim 16. | The invention relates to an image processing device (10) comprising a data input (11) for receiving a 3D diagnostic image and a segmentation unit (12) for segmenting a thoracic cavity, a pelvic cavity, an abdominopelvic cavity or a combination of a thoracic cavity and an abdominopelvic cavity in the 3D diagnostic image and for determining a boundary surface thereof. The device also comprise a surface texture processor (13) for determining a surface texture for the boundary surface by projecting image information from a local neighborhood of the boundary surface in the 3D diagnostic image onto the boundary surface. The device comprises an output (14) for outputting a visual representation of at least one flat anatomical structure, comprising one or more ribs, a sternum, one or more vertebrae and/or a pelvic bone complex, adjacent to the body cavity by applying and visualizing the surface texture on the boundary surface.1. A computer-implemented image processing device, comprising:
a memory device configured to store computer executable instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the computer executable instructions to cause the computer-implemented image processing device to:
receive data representative of a three-dimensional diagnostic image;
segment at least a part of a body cavity in the three-dimensional diagnostic image and determine at least a part of a boundary surface of the body cavity, wherein the body cavity is at least one of a thoracic cavity, a pelvic cavity, an abdominopelvic cavity, and a combination of the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity;
determine a surface texture for the boundary surface by projecting image information from a local neighborhood of the boundary surface in the three-dimensional diagnostic image onto the boundary surface; and
output a visual representation of at least one flat anatomical structure adjacent to the body cavity by applying and visualizing the surface texture on the boundary surface, wherein the at least one flat anatomical structure comprises at least one of one or more ribs, a sternum, one or more vertebrae, and a pelvic bone complex. 2. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein for each boundary surface element of the boundary surface, the at least one processor is configured to collect voxel values from a local neighborhood that extends in a direction normal to the boundary surface at the location of a corresponding boundary surface element. 3. The image processing device of claim 2, wherein the local neighborhood is adjacent to the exterior side of the boundary surface element, or the local neighborhood extends to either side of the boundary surface element. 4. The image processing device of claim 2, wherein the local neighborhood corresponds to a predetermined range or a dynamically learned range of distance with respect to the boundary surface. 5. The image processing device of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is configured to summarize, for each boundary surface element, the collected voxel values into at least one value such that a plurality of the values, defined over the plurality of boundary surface elements, forms the surface texture, and wherein the at least one processor is configured to summarize the voxel values into the at least one value by calculating a maximum of the collected voxel values. 6. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive the data representative of volumetric image data, organized in voxels, obtained by imaging an imaged region of a human body using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. 7. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to apply a model-based volumetric image segmentation method by fitting a model of the volume and/or the boundary surface of the body cavity to the data. 8. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to output the visual representation comprising a static or dynamic projection view of a three-dimensional model corresponding to the boundary surface. 9. The image processing device of claim 1, comprising a user interface for enabling a user to manipulate the visual representation dynamically. 10. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the visual representation comprises the boundary surface dissected into two parts which are visualized concurrently. 11. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the visual representation comprises a planar representation of the boundary surface. 12. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to label flat bones and/or other anatomical features of interest on the visual representation. 13. The image processing device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to deform the visual representation of the at least one flat anatomical structure by non-rigidly deforming the surface texture and the boundary surface. 14. The image processing device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one flat anatomical structure comprises one or more ribs, and wherein a visual representation of the one or more ribs is provided in a straightened manner by non-rigidly deforming and straightening of the surface texture and the boundary surface. 15. (canceled) 16. A computer-implemented method for visualizing at least one flat anatomical structure adjacent to a body cavity, the method comprising:
receiving data representative of a three-dimensional diagnostic image; segmenting at least a part of the body cavity in the three-dimensional diagnostic image and determining at least a part of a boundary surface of the body cavity; determining a surface texture for the boundary surface by projecting image information from a local neighborhood of the boundary surface in the three-dimensional diagnostic image onto the boundary surface; and generating a visual representation of the at least one flat anatomical structure adjacent to the body cavity by applying and visualizing the surface texture on the boundary surface, wherein the body cavity is at least one of a thoracic cavity, a pelvic cavity, an abdominopelvic cavity, and a combination of the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity, and wherein the at least one flat anatomical structure comprises at least one of one or more ribs, a sternum, one or more vertebrae, and a pelvic bone complex. 17. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium encoded with one or more computer executable instructions, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method of claim 16. | 3,700 |
340,783 | 16,642,276 | 3,732 | A method and a device for detecting an abnormality in a click heatmap are provided. In the method, a to-be-detected region in a first click heatmap is determined. Click source data of the to-be-detected region is compared with click source data of a normal click region, to obtain a first comparison result. Whether the to-be-detected region is an abnormal click region is determined based on the first comparison result. | 1. A method for detecting an abnormality in a click heatmap, comprising:
acquiring a first click heatmap, and determining a to-be-detected region in the first click heatmap; comparing click source data of the to-be-detected region with click source data of a normal click region, to obtain a first comparison result; and determining whether the to-be-detected region is an abnormal click region based on the first comparison result. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the determining a to-be-detected region in the first click heatmap comprises:
dividing the first click heatmap into a plurality of sub-regions having a same area and a same shape; and
segmenting the first click heatmap which is divided into the plurality of sub-regions by using an image segmentation algorithm, to obtain a to-be-detected region formed by several of the plurality of sub-regions, wherein a click amount of each of the several of the plurality of sub-regions in the to-be-detected region is greater than a first preset threshold; and
the method further comprises: determining a region other than the to-be-detected region in the first click heatmap as the normal click region. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
acquiring a second click heatmap, and determining a to-be-detected region in the second click heatmap, wherein the first click heatmap is obtained for a first page in a first time period, the second click heatmap is obtained for the first page in a second time period, and the first time period is different from the second time period; comparing the click source data of the to-be-detected region in the second click heatmap with the click source data of the to-be-detected region that is not determined as an abnormal click region in the first click heatmap, to obtain a second comparison result; and determining whether the to-be-detected region in the second click heatmap is an abnormal click region based on the second comparison result. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the comparing the click source data of the to-be-detected region with the click source data of a normal click region, to obtain a first comparison result comprises:
calculating a correlation coefficient between the click source data of the to-be-detected region and the click source data of the normal click region, wherein the calculated correlation coefficient serves as the first comparison result. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the determining whether the to-be-detected region is an abnormal click region based on the first comparison result comprises:
determining whether the correlation coefficient serving as the first comparison result is less than a second preset threshold, and determining that the to-be-detected region is an abnormal click region in a case that the correlation coefficient serving as the first comparison result is less than the second preset threshold. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
adding a predetermined mark to the to-be-detected region that is determined as the abnormal click region. 7. A device for detecting an abnormality in a click heatmap, comprising:
a to-be-detected region determining unit configured to acquire a first click heatmap and determine a to-be-detected region in the first click heatmap; a first comparing unit configured to compare click source data of the to-be-detected region with click source data of a normal click region, to obtain a first comparison result; and an abnormality determining unit configured to determine whether the to-be-detected region is an abnormal click region based on the first comparison result. 8. The device according to claim 7, wherein
the to-be-detected region determining unit comprises:
a dividing subunit configured to divide the first click heatmap into a plurality of sub-regions having a same area and a same shape; and
a segmenting subunit configured to segment the first click heatmap which is divided into the plurality of sub-regions by using an image segmentation algorithm, to obtain a to-be-detected region formed by several of the plurality of sub-regions, wherein a click amount of each of the several of the plurality of sub-regions in the to-be-detected region is greater than a first preset threshold; and
the device further comprises a normal click region determining unit configured to determine a region other than the to-be-detected region in the first click heatmap as the normal click region. 9. A storage medium comprising programs, wherein the programs,
when being executed, control a device in which the storage medium is located to perform the method for detecting an abnormality in a click heatmap according to claim 1. 10. A processor configured to execute programs to perform the method for detecting an abnormality in a click heatmap according to claim 1. 11. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
acquiring a second click heatmap, and determining a to-be-detected region in the second click heatmap, wherein the first click heatmap is obtained for a first page in a first time period, the second click heatmap is obtained for the first page in a second time period, and the first time period is different from the second time period; comparing the click source data of the to-be-detected region in the second click heatmap with the click source data of the to-be-detected region that is not determined as an abnormal click region in the first click heatmap, to obtain a second comparison result; and determining whether the to-be-detected region in the second click heatmap is an abnormal click region based on the second comparison result. 12. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
adding a predetermined mark to the to-be-detected region that is determined as the abnormal click region. 13. The method according to claim 3, further comprising:
adding a predetermined mark to the to-be-detected region that is determined as the abnormal click region. | A method and a device for detecting an abnormality in a click heatmap are provided. In the method, a to-be-detected region in a first click heatmap is determined. Click source data of the to-be-detected region is compared with click source data of a normal click region, to obtain a first comparison result. Whether the to-be-detected region is an abnormal click region is determined based on the first comparison result.1. A method for detecting an abnormality in a click heatmap, comprising:
acquiring a first click heatmap, and determining a to-be-detected region in the first click heatmap; comparing click source data of the to-be-detected region with click source data of a normal click region, to obtain a first comparison result; and determining whether the to-be-detected region is an abnormal click region based on the first comparison result. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the determining a to-be-detected region in the first click heatmap comprises:
dividing the first click heatmap into a plurality of sub-regions having a same area and a same shape; and
segmenting the first click heatmap which is divided into the plurality of sub-regions by using an image segmentation algorithm, to obtain a to-be-detected region formed by several of the plurality of sub-regions, wherein a click amount of each of the several of the plurality of sub-regions in the to-be-detected region is greater than a first preset threshold; and
the method further comprises: determining a region other than the to-be-detected region in the first click heatmap as the normal click region. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
acquiring a second click heatmap, and determining a to-be-detected region in the second click heatmap, wherein the first click heatmap is obtained for a first page in a first time period, the second click heatmap is obtained for the first page in a second time period, and the first time period is different from the second time period; comparing the click source data of the to-be-detected region in the second click heatmap with the click source data of the to-be-detected region that is not determined as an abnormal click region in the first click heatmap, to obtain a second comparison result; and determining whether the to-be-detected region in the second click heatmap is an abnormal click region based on the second comparison result. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the comparing the click source data of the to-be-detected region with the click source data of a normal click region, to obtain a first comparison result comprises:
calculating a correlation coefficient between the click source data of the to-be-detected region and the click source data of the normal click region, wherein the calculated correlation coefficient serves as the first comparison result. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the determining whether the to-be-detected region is an abnormal click region based on the first comparison result comprises:
determining whether the correlation coefficient serving as the first comparison result is less than a second preset threshold, and determining that the to-be-detected region is an abnormal click region in a case that the correlation coefficient serving as the first comparison result is less than the second preset threshold. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
adding a predetermined mark to the to-be-detected region that is determined as the abnormal click region. 7. A device for detecting an abnormality in a click heatmap, comprising:
a to-be-detected region determining unit configured to acquire a first click heatmap and determine a to-be-detected region in the first click heatmap; a first comparing unit configured to compare click source data of the to-be-detected region with click source data of a normal click region, to obtain a first comparison result; and an abnormality determining unit configured to determine whether the to-be-detected region is an abnormal click region based on the first comparison result. 8. The device according to claim 7, wherein
the to-be-detected region determining unit comprises:
a dividing subunit configured to divide the first click heatmap into a plurality of sub-regions having a same area and a same shape; and
a segmenting subunit configured to segment the first click heatmap which is divided into the plurality of sub-regions by using an image segmentation algorithm, to obtain a to-be-detected region formed by several of the plurality of sub-regions, wherein a click amount of each of the several of the plurality of sub-regions in the to-be-detected region is greater than a first preset threshold; and
the device further comprises a normal click region determining unit configured to determine a region other than the to-be-detected region in the first click heatmap as the normal click region. 9. A storage medium comprising programs, wherein the programs,
when being executed, control a device in which the storage medium is located to perform the method for detecting an abnormality in a click heatmap according to claim 1. 10. A processor configured to execute programs to perform the method for detecting an abnormality in a click heatmap according to claim 1. 11. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
acquiring a second click heatmap, and determining a to-be-detected region in the second click heatmap, wherein the first click heatmap is obtained for a first page in a first time period, the second click heatmap is obtained for the first page in a second time period, and the first time period is different from the second time period; comparing the click source data of the to-be-detected region in the second click heatmap with the click source data of the to-be-detected region that is not determined as an abnormal click region in the first click heatmap, to obtain a second comparison result; and determining whether the to-be-detected region in the second click heatmap is an abnormal click region based on the second comparison result. 12. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
adding a predetermined mark to the to-be-detected region that is determined as the abnormal click region. 13. The method according to claim 3, further comprising:
adding a predetermined mark to the to-be-detected region that is determined as the abnormal click region. | 3,700 |
340,784 | 16,642,274 | 3,732 | A thickener for a non-aqueous system includes a water-soluble polymer and a counterpart that ionically and/or electrostatically interacts with the water-soluble polymer. | 1. A thickener for a non-aqueous system, the thickener comprising:
a water-soluble polymer; and a counterpart that at least one of ionically interacts and electrostatically interacts with said water-soluble polymer. 2. The thickener, according to claim 1, wherein:
said non-aqueous system includes a polar organic solvent as a main solvent. 3. The thickener according to claim 1, wherein:
said water-soluble polymer includes a first polar group; said counterpart includes a second polar group; and one of said first polar group and said second polar group is an anionic functional group, and the other is a cationic functional group. 4-6. (canceled) 7. The thickener, according to claim 1, wherein:
said water-soluble polymer is a copolymer of:
a first component that is a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate component including said first polar group;
a second component that is a vinylpyrrolidone component;
a third component that is a cross-linking component; and
a fourth component that includes at least one of an alkyl acrylate and an acrylamide. 8-10. (canceled) 11. The thickener, according to claim 7, wherein:
in said water-soluble polymer, with respect to the total amount of the first to fourth components:
the proportion of said first component is from 15 to 85% by mass;
the proportion of said second component is from 20 to 80% by mass;
the proportion of said third component is from 0 to 20% by mass; and
the proportion of said fourth component is from 0 to 60% by mass. 12. The thickener, according to claim 1, wherein:
said water-soluble polymer is a vinyl pyrrolidone/N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate/stearyl acrylate/tripropylene glycol diacrylate copolymer. 13-14. (canceled) 15. The thickener, according to claim 1, wherein:
the counterpart is at least one selected from the group consisting of isostearic acid, lactic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, behenic acid, and 3-(10-carboxydecyl)-1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane. 16-17. (canceled) 18. The thickener, according to claim 1, wherein:
said water-soluble polymer is an acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer. 19. (canceled) 20. The thickener, according to claim 1, wherein:
said counterpart is distearyldimonium chloride. 21. (canceled) 22. The thickener, according to claim 1, wherein:
the content ratio of the counterpart is from 0.02 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of said water-soluble polymer. 23. The thickener, according to claim 1, wherein:
the thickener is present in a polar solvent. 24. A thickened composition, comprising:
the thickener for a non-aqueous system according to claim 1; and a polar solvent capable of dissolving said water-soluble polymer and said counterpart. 25. The composition, according to claim 24, wherein:
the content by percentage of said thickener is from 0.1 to 15% by mass relative to the mass of the composition. 26. (canceled) 27. The composition, according to claim 24, wherein:
said polar solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethanol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycol, glycerin, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, octyl methoxycinnamate, octocrylene, homosalate, and octyl salicylate. 28. The composition, according to claim 24, wherein:
the content by percentage of said polar solvent is 20% by mass or greater relative to the mass of the composition. 29. The composition, according to claim 24, further comprising:
an oily component having mutual solubility to said polar solvent; and wherein said oily component is at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon oils, ester oils, and silicone oils. 30. (canceled) 31. The composition, according to claim 29, wherein:
the content by percentage of said oily component is 85% by mass or less relative to the mass of the composition. 32. The composition, according to claim 24, wherein:
in a case where the composition includes water, the content by percentage of water is 10% by mass or less relative to the polar solvent. 33. The composition, according to claim 24, further comprising:
a UV absorber that is soluble in at least one of said oily component and said polar solvent. 34-35. (canceled) 36. The composition, according to claim 24, wherein:
the viscosity is from 300 to 500,000 mPa·s. | A thickener for a non-aqueous system includes a water-soluble polymer and a counterpart that ionically and/or electrostatically interacts with the water-soluble polymer.1. A thickener for a non-aqueous system, the thickener comprising:
a water-soluble polymer; and a counterpart that at least one of ionically interacts and electrostatically interacts with said water-soluble polymer. 2. The thickener, according to claim 1, wherein:
said non-aqueous system includes a polar organic solvent as a main solvent. 3. The thickener according to claim 1, wherein:
said water-soluble polymer includes a first polar group; said counterpart includes a second polar group; and one of said first polar group and said second polar group is an anionic functional group, and the other is a cationic functional group. 4-6. (canceled) 7. The thickener, according to claim 1, wherein:
said water-soluble polymer is a copolymer of:
a first component that is a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate component including said first polar group;
a second component that is a vinylpyrrolidone component;
a third component that is a cross-linking component; and
a fourth component that includes at least one of an alkyl acrylate and an acrylamide. 8-10. (canceled) 11. The thickener, according to claim 7, wherein:
in said water-soluble polymer, with respect to the total amount of the first to fourth components:
the proportion of said first component is from 15 to 85% by mass;
the proportion of said second component is from 20 to 80% by mass;
the proportion of said third component is from 0 to 20% by mass; and
the proportion of said fourth component is from 0 to 60% by mass. 12. The thickener, according to claim 1, wherein:
said water-soluble polymer is a vinyl pyrrolidone/N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate/stearyl acrylate/tripropylene glycol diacrylate copolymer. 13-14. (canceled) 15. The thickener, according to claim 1, wherein:
the counterpart is at least one selected from the group consisting of isostearic acid, lactic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, behenic acid, and 3-(10-carboxydecyl)-1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane. 16-17. (canceled) 18. The thickener, according to claim 1, wherein:
said water-soluble polymer is an acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer. 19. (canceled) 20. The thickener, according to claim 1, wherein:
said counterpart is distearyldimonium chloride. 21. (canceled) 22. The thickener, according to claim 1, wherein:
the content ratio of the counterpart is from 0.02 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of said water-soluble polymer. 23. The thickener, according to claim 1, wherein:
the thickener is present in a polar solvent. 24. A thickened composition, comprising:
the thickener for a non-aqueous system according to claim 1; and a polar solvent capable of dissolving said water-soluble polymer and said counterpart. 25. The composition, according to claim 24, wherein:
the content by percentage of said thickener is from 0.1 to 15% by mass relative to the mass of the composition. 26. (canceled) 27. The composition, according to claim 24, wherein:
said polar solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethanol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycol, glycerin, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, octyl methoxycinnamate, octocrylene, homosalate, and octyl salicylate. 28. The composition, according to claim 24, wherein:
the content by percentage of said polar solvent is 20% by mass or greater relative to the mass of the composition. 29. The composition, according to claim 24, further comprising:
an oily component having mutual solubility to said polar solvent; and wherein said oily component is at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon oils, ester oils, and silicone oils. 30. (canceled) 31. The composition, according to claim 29, wherein:
the content by percentage of said oily component is 85% by mass or less relative to the mass of the composition. 32. The composition, according to claim 24, wherein:
in a case where the composition includes water, the content by percentage of water is 10% by mass or less relative to the polar solvent. 33. The composition, according to claim 24, further comprising:
a UV absorber that is soluble in at least one of said oily component and said polar solvent. 34-35. (canceled) 36. The composition, according to claim 24, wherein:
the viscosity is from 300 to 500,000 mPa·s. | 3,700 |
340,785 | 16,642,271 | 3,732 | A manual machine tool having a drive motor, a gearbox and a tool holder, wherein a motor output of the drive motor having a gearbox drive of the gearbox and a gearbox output of the gearbox are coupled to the tool holder in a manner which permits rotation, wherein the manual machine tool has an actuating device to adjust the gearbox between its switch positions, wherein the actuating device has an actuating part which is movably mounted between actuating positions relative to a machine housing of the manual machine tool and which can be manually actuated, which actuating part is coupled to the at least one switching gear element to set the switch positions. The actuating device has a locking arrangement with locking indentations arranged on a locking structure to lock the actuating part in the actuating positions, which locking indentations are assigned to actuating positions of the actuating part, and with a locking part to engage in the locking indentations. | 1. A manual machine tool having a drive motor, a gearbox and a tool holder, wherein a motor drive of the drive motor with a gearbox drive of the gearbox and a gearbox output of the gearbox which can be rotated about a rotational axis is coupled to the tool holder in a manner which permits rotation, wherein the manual machine tool has an actuating device to adjust the gearbox between its switch positions in which the speed ratios between the gearbox drive and the gearbox output are different, wherein the actuating device has an actuating part which is movably mounted relative to a machine housing of the manual machine tool between actuating positions assigned to the switch positions of the gearbox and which can be manually actuated by an operator of the manual machine tool, which is coupled to the at least one switching gear element by means of a coupling element to set the switch positions, and wherein, the actuating device used to lock the actuating part in the actuating positions has a locking arrangement with locking indentations arranged on a locking structure which are assigned to actuating positions of the actuating part and with a locking part to engage in the locking indentations, and wherein the locking structure has a control surface arrangement with gliding surfaces along which the locking part can glide and which extend starting from at last two locking indentations to a vertex which is arranged between the locking indentations and protrudes in front of the locking indentations, wherein the locking part has an unstable position on the vertex such that the locking part is guided past the vertex into one of the locking indentations adjacent to the vertex. 2. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the vertex is straight or curved in full or in sections. 3. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the locking structure has at least three or four locking indentations, between which a vertex is arranged in each case, on which vertex the locking part has an unstable position and from which vertex a gliding surface extends out to the respective locking indentation in each case. 4. The manual machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the vertices run in a star shape and/or cross one another. 5. The manual machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the locking indentations are at equal angular distances from one another and/or are arranged in corner areas of an equal-sided polygon. 6. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the locking indentations is assigned to gliding surfaces which face one another, between which a channel or a depression is formed which extends from the locking indentation to the vertex. 7. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein exactly one single vertex is present between two adjacent locking indentations. 8. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the gliding surfaces has a sloped surface and/or a surface which is convex relative to the locking part. 9. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein both gliding surfaces adjacent to the vertex are at an angle and/or have an incline in the direction of the locking indentations. 10. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the gliding surfaces has an incline of at least 12°, or at least 25° or 30° from the vertex to the locking indentation adjacent to the vertex. 11. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein a gliding surface along which the locking part glides in the event of a relative movement of the locking structure and the locking part has a lower incline than a gliding surface along which the locking part glides in the event of a linear adjustment of the locking structure and the locking part relative to one another. 12. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the locking part has a convex curved and/or spherical gliding surface to glide along the locking structure. 13. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the locking part has a gliding surface with a gliding coating to glide along the locking structure. 14. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the locking part is spring loaded by means of at least one spring into a locking position which engages in the locking indentations. 15. The manual machine tool according to claim 14, wherein the locking part is deflected by the spring loading from the unstable position on the vertex into one of the locking indentations adjacent to the vertex. 16. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein at least one spring arrangement is arranged between the actuating part and the at least one switching gear element. 17. The manual machine tool according to claim 16, wherein the spring arrangement between the switching gear element and the actuating part is provided by the coupling element. 18. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the coupling element is or comprises a spring element and/or wherein the coupling element is a spring bow or comprises a spring bow, wherein the spring bow is extended in a ring-shaped manner about the at least one switching gear element. 19. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the actuating part is pivotably mounted about an actuating pivot axis relative to the machine housing of the manual machine tool and/or is displaceably mounted about a linear actuating longitudinal axis. 20. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein a deflecting gear is arranged between the actuating part and the at least one switching gear element to deflect a pivot movement of the actuating part into a linear movement of the at least one switching gear element or to deflect a linear movement of the actuating part into a pivot movement of the at least one switching gear element. 21. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the actuating part has an arch-shaped or barrel-shaped wall design and/or wherein the locking structure is arranged on the actuating part. 22. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein a gliding coating is provided on the at least one vertex and/or on at least one gliding surface and/or the locking structure has a smaller friction coefficient on the vertex and/or on at least on gliding surface than in the region of at least one of the at least two locking indentations. 23. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the switching gear element comprises a first switching gear element and at least a second switching gear element which can be adjusted in a linear manner in each case by means of the actuating device between a first setting position and a second setting position relative to a gearbox housing, wherein the first switching gear element can be adjusted in a linear manner by the deflecting gear along its pivot axis by means of a pivot movement of the actuating part about the actuating pivot axis. 24. The manual machine tool according to claim 23, wherein the deflecting gear comprises a carrier ring which extends in a ring-shaped manner around the gearbox housing and is rotatably mounted about the actuating pivot axis, which carrier ring is coupled to the first switching gear element by means of a first coupling element to carry out the linear adjustment of the switching gear element, and in that the actuating part is mounted in a manner which permits the linear displacement on the carrier ring along the actuating longitudinal axis and is coupled to the at least one second switching gear element by means of a second coupling element to enable the linear displacement of the second switching gear element. | A manual machine tool having a drive motor, a gearbox and a tool holder, wherein a motor output of the drive motor having a gearbox drive of the gearbox and a gearbox output of the gearbox are coupled to the tool holder in a manner which permits rotation, wherein the manual machine tool has an actuating device to adjust the gearbox between its switch positions, wherein the actuating device has an actuating part which is movably mounted between actuating positions relative to a machine housing of the manual machine tool and which can be manually actuated, which actuating part is coupled to the at least one switching gear element to set the switch positions. The actuating device has a locking arrangement with locking indentations arranged on a locking structure to lock the actuating part in the actuating positions, which locking indentations are assigned to actuating positions of the actuating part, and with a locking part to engage in the locking indentations.1. A manual machine tool having a drive motor, a gearbox and a tool holder, wherein a motor drive of the drive motor with a gearbox drive of the gearbox and a gearbox output of the gearbox which can be rotated about a rotational axis is coupled to the tool holder in a manner which permits rotation, wherein the manual machine tool has an actuating device to adjust the gearbox between its switch positions in which the speed ratios between the gearbox drive and the gearbox output are different, wherein the actuating device has an actuating part which is movably mounted relative to a machine housing of the manual machine tool between actuating positions assigned to the switch positions of the gearbox and which can be manually actuated by an operator of the manual machine tool, which is coupled to the at least one switching gear element by means of a coupling element to set the switch positions, and wherein, the actuating device used to lock the actuating part in the actuating positions has a locking arrangement with locking indentations arranged on a locking structure which are assigned to actuating positions of the actuating part and with a locking part to engage in the locking indentations, and wherein the locking structure has a control surface arrangement with gliding surfaces along which the locking part can glide and which extend starting from at last two locking indentations to a vertex which is arranged between the locking indentations and protrudes in front of the locking indentations, wherein the locking part has an unstable position on the vertex such that the locking part is guided past the vertex into one of the locking indentations adjacent to the vertex. 2. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the vertex is straight or curved in full or in sections. 3. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the locking structure has at least three or four locking indentations, between which a vertex is arranged in each case, on which vertex the locking part has an unstable position and from which vertex a gliding surface extends out to the respective locking indentation in each case. 4. The manual machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the vertices run in a star shape and/or cross one another. 5. The manual machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the locking indentations are at equal angular distances from one another and/or are arranged in corner areas of an equal-sided polygon. 6. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the locking indentations is assigned to gliding surfaces which face one another, between which a channel or a depression is formed which extends from the locking indentation to the vertex. 7. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein exactly one single vertex is present between two adjacent locking indentations. 8. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the gliding surfaces has a sloped surface and/or a surface which is convex relative to the locking part. 9. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein both gliding surfaces adjacent to the vertex are at an angle and/or have an incline in the direction of the locking indentations. 10. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the gliding surfaces has an incline of at least 12°, or at least 25° or 30° from the vertex to the locking indentation adjacent to the vertex. 11. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein a gliding surface along which the locking part glides in the event of a relative movement of the locking structure and the locking part has a lower incline than a gliding surface along which the locking part glides in the event of a linear adjustment of the locking structure and the locking part relative to one another. 12. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the locking part has a convex curved and/or spherical gliding surface to glide along the locking structure. 13. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the locking part has a gliding surface with a gliding coating to glide along the locking structure. 14. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the locking part is spring loaded by means of at least one spring into a locking position which engages in the locking indentations. 15. The manual machine tool according to claim 14, wherein the locking part is deflected by the spring loading from the unstable position on the vertex into one of the locking indentations adjacent to the vertex. 16. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein at least one spring arrangement is arranged between the actuating part and the at least one switching gear element. 17. The manual machine tool according to claim 16, wherein the spring arrangement between the switching gear element and the actuating part is provided by the coupling element. 18. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the coupling element is or comprises a spring element and/or wherein the coupling element is a spring bow or comprises a spring bow, wherein the spring bow is extended in a ring-shaped manner about the at least one switching gear element. 19. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the actuating part is pivotably mounted about an actuating pivot axis relative to the machine housing of the manual machine tool and/or is displaceably mounted about a linear actuating longitudinal axis. 20. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein a deflecting gear is arranged between the actuating part and the at least one switching gear element to deflect a pivot movement of the actuating part into a linear movement of the at least one switching gear element or to deflect a linear movement of the actuating part into a pivot movement of the at least one switching gear element. 21. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the actuating part has an arch-shaped or barrel-shaped wall design and/or wherein the locking structure is arranged on the actuating part. 22. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein a gliding coating is provided on the at least one vertex and/or on at least one gliding surface and/or the locking structure has a smaller friction coefficient on the vertex and/or on at least on gliding surface than in the region of at least one of the at least two locking indentations. 23. The manual machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the switching gear element comprises a first switching gear element and at least a second switching gear element which can be adjusted in a linear manner in each case by means of the actuating device between a first setting position and a second setting position relative to a gearbox housing, wherein the first switching gear element can be adjusted in a linear manner by the deflecting gear along its pivot axis by means of a pivot movement of the actuating part about the actuating pivot axis. 24. The manual machine tool according to claim 23, wherein the deflecting gear comprises a carrier ring which extends in a ring-shaped manner around the gearbox housing and is rotatably mounted about the actuating pivot axis, which carrier ring is coupled to the first switching gear element by means of a first coupling element to carry out the linear adjustment of the switching gear element, and in that the actuating part is mounted in a manner which permits the linear displacement on the carrier ring along the actuating longitudinal axis and is coupled to the at least one second switching gear element by means of a second coupling element to enable the linear displacement of the second switching gear element. | 3,700 |
340,786 | 16,642,272 | 3,732 | A connector holding structure is provided with a plurality of connectors to be connected to a plurality of mating connectors arranged in an arrangement direction, a plurality of wires drawn out from the plurality of connectors, and a connector holding member including a plurality of connector mounting portions for respectively holding the plurality of connectors, the connector holding member collectively holding the plurality of connectors. The connector holding member includes a deflectable and deformable flexible portion between adjacent ones of the plurality of connector mounting portions. | 1. A connector holding structure, comprising:
a plurality of connectors to be connected to a plurality of mating connectors arranged in an arrangement direction; a plurality of wires drawn out from the plurality of connectors; and a connector holding member including a plurality of connector mounting portions for respectively holding the plurality of connectors, the connector holding member collectively holding the plurality of connectors, the connector holding member including a deflectable and deformable flexible portion between adjacent ones of the plurality of connector mounting portions. 2. The connector holding structure of claim 1, wherein the flexible portion includes a first flexible portion deflectable and deformable in the arrangement direction of the plurality of connectors and a connecting direction to the mating connectors and a second flexible portion deflectable and deformable in a direction intersecting the arrangement direction and the connecting direction and the arrangement direction. 3. The connector holding structure of claim 1, wherein the connector holding member is configured such that the plurality of connector mounting portions are mounted on a flexible sheet extending along the arrangement direction of the plurality of connectors. 4. The connector holding structure of claim 3, wherein the connector mounting portion is mounted on the flexible sheet by a mounting protrusion including a shaft portion projecting toward the flexible sheet and configured to penetrate through a hole formed in the flexible sheet and an enlarged diameter portion enlarged in diameter on a tip side of the shaft portion and to be locked to a peripheral edge part of the hole. 5. The connector holding structure of claim 4, wherein the connector is integrally provided with a wiring groove for accommodating the plurality of wires along the arrangement direction of the plurality of connectors. 6. The connector holding structure of claim 5, wherein an opening of the wiring groove is closed by the connector holding member. 7. The connector holding structure of claim 1, wherein the connector is integrally provided with a wiring groove for accommodating the plurality of wires along the arrangement direction of the plurality of connectors. | A connector holding structure is provided with a plurality of connectors to be connected to a plurality of mating connectors arranged in an arrangement direction, a plurality of wires drawn out from the plurality of connectors, and a connector holding member including a plurality of connector mounting portions for respectively holding the plurality of connectors, the connector holding member collectively holding the plurality of connectors. The connector holding member includes a deflectable and deformable flexible portion between adjacent ones of the plurality of connector mounting portions.1. A connector holding structure, comprising:
a plurality of connectors to be connected to a plurality of mating connectors arranged in an arrangement direction; a plurality of wires drawn out from the plurality of connectors; and a connector holding member including a plurality of connector mounting portions for respectively holding the plurality of connectors, the connector holding member collectively holding the plurality of connectors, the connector holding member including a deflectable and deformable flexible portion between adjacent ones of the plurality of connector mounting portions. 2. The connector holding structure of claim 1, wherein the flexible portion includes a first flexible portion deflectable and deformable in the arrangement direction of the plurality of connectors and a connecting direction to the mating connectors and a second flexible portion deflectable and deformable in a direction intersecting the arrangement direction and the connecting direction and the arrangement direction. 3. The connector holding structure of claim 1, wherein the connector holding member is configured such that the plurality of connector mounting portions are mounted on a flexible sheet extending along the arrangement direction of the plurality of connectors. 4. The connector holding structure of claim 3, wherein the connector mounting portion is mounted on the flexible sheet by a mounting protrusion including a shaft portion projecting toward the flexible sheet and configured to penetrate through a hole formed in the flexible sheet and an enlarged diameter portion enlarged in diameter on a tip side of the shaft portion and to be locked to a peripheral edge part of the hole. 5. The connector holding structure of claim 4, wherein the connector is integrally provided with a wiring groove for accommodating the plurality of wires along the arrangement direction of the plurality of connectors. 6. The connector holding structure of claim 5, wherein an opening of the wiring groove is closed by the connector holding member. 7. The connector holding structure of claim 1, wherein the connector is integrally provided with a wiring groove for accommodating the plurality of wires along the arrangement direction of the plurality of connectors. | 3,700 |
340,787 | 16,642,215 | 3,732 | This disclosure relates to a microphone system for a motor vehicle, having a first, second and third microphone and a signal processing device, which is configured to process respective signals provided by the microphones; wherein the signal processing device is configured to process the signals of the first and second microphones in such a manner that a driver directivity oriented towards a position of a driver seat is provided, or to process the signals of the second and third microphones in such a manner that a passenger directivity oriented towards a position of a passenger's seat is provided, and to provide a driver interfering noise directivity by processing the signals of two microphones together, and to further process a driver useful signal associated with the driver directivity in dependence on a driver interfering signal associated with the driver interfering noise directivity or to provide a passenger interfering noise directivity by processing the signals of two microphones together, and to further process a passenger useful signal associated with the passenger directivity in dependence on a passenger interfering signal associated with the passenger interfering noise directivity in order to improve a quality of the respective useful signal. | 1.-10. (canceled) 11. A microphone system for a motor vehicle, the microphone system comprising:
a first microphone; a second microphone; a third microphone; a microphone housing adapted to dispose the first microphone, the second microphone, and the third microphone within the microphone housing; and a signal processing device configured to:
receive signals from the first microphone, the second microphone, and the third microphone;
provide a driver directivity oriented towards a first position of a driver of the motor vehicle based on processing of the signals of the first and second microphones;
provide a driver interfering noise directivity based on processing signals of a first set of two microphones together, wherein the driver interfering noise directivity corresponds to a main extension direction oriented opposite towards a main extension direction of the driver directivity;
process a driver signal associated with the driver directivity in dependence on a driver interfering signal associated with the driver interfering noise directivity;
provide a passenger directivity oriented towards a first position of a passenger seat based on processing the signals of the second and third microphones;
provide a passenger interfering noise directivity based on processing signals of a second set of two microphones together, wherein the passenger interfering noise directivity corresponds to a main extension direction oriented opposite towards a main extension direction of the passenger directivity; and
process a passenger signal associated with the passenger directivity in dependence on a passenger interfering signal associated with the passenger interfering noise directivity. 12. The microphone system of claim 11, wherein the first microphone, the second microphone, and the third microphone are configured as pressure microphones having an omnidirectivity. 13. The microphone system of claim 11, wherein the first microphone, the second microphone, and the third microphone are disposed at respective corners of a triangle in the shape of an isosceles triangle. 14. The microphone system of claim 13, wherein the triangle is an obtuse-angled triangle with an angle of at least 100 degrees. 15. The microphone system of claim 11, wherein the signal processing device is further configured to:
provide an alternative driver directivity based on processing the signals of the first and third microphones, wherein the alternative driver directivity is oriented towards a second position of a driver seat; and provide an alternative driver interfering noise directivity corresponding to the alternative driver directivity based on processing the signals from the third microphone and the first microphone together for the alternative driver interfering noise directivity. 16. The microphone system of claim 11, wherein the signal processing device is further configured to:
provide an alternative passenger directivity based on processing the signals of the second and third microphones, wherein the alternative passenger directivity is oriented towards a second position of the passenger seat; and provide an alternative passenger interfering noise directivity corresponding to the alternative passenger directivity based on processing the signals from the third and second microphones for the alternative passenger interfering noise directivity. 17. The microphone system of claim 11, wherein the signal processing device is further configured to:
provide the driver interfering noise directivity, the passenger interfering noise directivity, an alternative driver interfering noise directivity, an alternative passenger interfering noise directivity based on processing a signal of one of the first, second, and third microphones together with a mixed signal of at least two other microphones. 18. The microphone system of claim 11, further comprising:
a fourth microphone disposed in the microphone housing, and wherein the signal processing device is further configured to:
provide another alternative driver directivity based on processing the signal of the first microphone and a signal from the fourth microphone, wherein the other alternative driver directivity is oriented towards a third position of a driver seat, wherein a second position of the driver seat is disposed between a first position of the driver seat and the third position of the driver seat,
provide another alternative driver interfering noise directivity corresponding to the other alternative driver directivity based on processing the signals from the fourth and first microphones for the other alternative driver interfering noise directivity,
provide another alternative passenger directivity based on processing the signals from the fourth and third microphones, wherein the other alternative passenger directivity is oriented towards a third position of the passenger seat, wherein a second position of the passenger seat is located between the first position of the passenger seat and the third position of the passenger seat, and
provide another alternative passenger interfering noise directivity corresponding to the other alternative passenger directivity based on processing the signals from the third and fourth microphones for the other alternative passenger interfering noise directivity. 19. The microphone system of claim 18, wherein the first microphone, the third microphone, and the fourth microphone are disposed at respective corners of a triangle, wherein the triangle is in a shape of an isosceles triangle, and wherein the fourth microphone is located at an apex of the triangle. 20. A motor vehicle, comprising:
a passenger seat; a microphone system that comprises:
a first microphone;
a second microphone;
a third microphone;
a microphone housing adapted to dispose the first microphone, the second microphone, and the third microphone within the microphone housing; and
a signal processing device configured to:
receive signals from the first microphone, the second microphone, and the third microphone;
provide a driver directivity oriented towards a position of a driver of the motor vehicle based on processing of the signals of the first and second microphones;
provide a driver interfering noise directivity based on processing signals of a first set of two microphones together, wherein the driver interfering noise directivity corresponds to a main extension direction oriented opposite towards a main extension direction of the driver directivity;
process a driver signal associated with the driver directivity in dependence on a driver interfering signal associated with the driver interfering noise directivity;
provide a passenger directivity oriented towards a position of the passenger seat based on processing the signals of the second and third microphones;
provide a passenger interfering noise directivity based on processing signals of a second set of two microphones together, wherein the passenger interfering noise directivity corresponds to a main extension direction oriented opposite towards a main extension direction of the passenger directivity; and
process a passenger signal associated with the passenger directivity in dependence on a passenger interfering signal associated with the passenger interfering noise directivity. 21. A method for operating a microphone system of a motor vehicle, the method comprising:
receiving, at a signal processing device of the microphone system, signals from a first microphone, a second microphone, and a third microphone disposed in a microphone housing; providing, by the signal processing device, a driver directivity oriented towards a position of a driver of the motor vehicle based on processing of the signals of the first and second microphones; providing, by the signal processing device, a driver interfering noise directivity based on processing signals of a first set of two microphones together, wherein the driver interfering noise directivity corresponds to a main extension direction oriented opposite towards a main extension direction of the driver directivity; processing, by the signal processing device, a driver signal associated with the driver directivity in dependence on a driver interfering signal associated with the driver interfering noise directivity; providing, by the signal processing device, a passenger directivity oriented towards a position of a passenger seat based on processing the signals of the second and third microphones; providing, by the signal processing device, a passenger interfering noise directivity based on processing signals of a second set of two microphones together, wherein the passenger interfering noise directivity corresponds to a main extension direction oriented opposite towards a main extension direction of the passenger directivity; and processing, by the signal processing device, a passenger signal associated with the passenger directivity in dependence on a passenger interfering signal associated with the passenger interfering noise directivity. | This disclosure relates to a microphone system for a motor vehicle, having a first, second and third microphone and a signal processing device, which is configured to process respective signals provided by the microphones; wherein the signal processing device is configured to process the signals of the first and second microphones in such a manner that a driver directivity oriented towards a position of a driver seat is provided, or to process the signals of the second and third microphones in such a manner that a passenger directivity oriented towards a position of a passenger's seat is provided, and to provide a driver interfering noise directivity by processing the signals of two microphones together, and to further process a driver useful signal associated with the driver directivity in dependence on a driver interfering signal associated with the driver interfering noise directivity or to provide a passenger interfering noise directivity by processing the signals of two microphones together, and to further process a passenger useful signal associated with the passenger directivity in dependence on a passenger interfering signal associated with the passenger interfering noise directivity in order to improve a quality of the respective useful signal.1.-10. (canceled) 11. A microphone system for a motor vehicle, the microphone system comprising:
a first microphone; a second microphone; a third microphone; a microphone housing adapted to dispose the first microphone, the second microphone, and the third microphone within the microphone housing; and a signal processing device configured to:
receive signals from the first microphone, the second microphone, and the third microphone;
provide a driver directivity oriented towards a first position of a driver of the motor vehicle based on processing of the signals of the first and second microphones;
provide a driver interfering noise directivity based on processing signals of a first set of two microphones together, wherein the driver interfering noise directivity corresponds to a main extension direction oriented opposite towards a main extension direction of the driver directivity;
process a driver signal associated with the driver directivity in dependence on a driver interfering signal associated with the driver interfering noise directivity;
provide a passenger directivity oriented towards a first position of a passenger seat based on processing the signals of the second and third microphones;
provide a passenger interfering noise directivity based on processing signals of a second set of two microphones together, wherein the passenger interfering noise directivity corresponds to a main extension direction oriented opposite towards a main extension direction of the passenger directivity; and
process a passenger signal associated with the passenger directivity in dependence on a passenger interfering signal associated with the passenger interfering noise directivity. 12. The microphone system of claim 11, wherein the first microphone, the second microphone, and the third microphone are configured as pressure microphones having an omnidirectivity. 13. The microphone system of claim 11, wherein the first microphone, the second microphone, and the third microphone are disposed at respective corners of a triangle in the shape of an isosceles triangle. 14. The microphone system of claim 13, wherein the triangle is an obtuse-angled triangle with an angle of at least 100 degrees. 15. The microphone system of claim 11, wherein the signal processing device is further configured to:
provide an alternative driver directivity based on processing the signals of the first and third microphones, wherein the alternative driver directivity is oriented towards a second position of a driver seat; and provide an alternative driver interfering noise directivity corresponding to the alternative driver directivity based on processing the signals from the third microphone and the first microphone together for the alternative driver interfering noise directivity. 16. The microphone system of claim 11, wherein the signal processing device is further configured to:
provide an alternative passenger directivity based on processing the signals of the second and third microphones, wherein the alternative passenger directivity is oriented towards a second position of the passenger seat; and provide an alternative passenger interfering noise directivity corresponding to the alternative passenger directivity based on processing the signals from the third and second microphones for the alternative passenger interfering noise directivity. 17. The microphone system of claim 11, wherein the signal processing device is further configured to:
provide the driver interfering noise directivity, the passenger interfering noise directivity, an alternative driver interfering noise directivity, an alternative passenger interfering noise directivity based on processing a signal of one of the first, second, and third microphones together with a mixed signal of at least two other microphones. 18. The microphone system of claim 11, further comprising:
a fourth microphone disposed in the microphone housing, and wherein the signal processing device is further configured to:
provide another alternative driver directivity based on processing the signal of the first microphone and a signal from the fourth microphone, wherein the other alternative driver directivity is oriented towards a third position of a driver seat, wherein a second position of the driver seat is disposed between a first position of the driver seat and the third position of the driver seat,
provide another alternative driver interfering noise directivity corresponding to the other alternative driver directivity based on processing the signals from the fourth and first microphones for the other alternative driver interfering noise directivity,
provide another alternative passenger directivity based on processing the signals from the fourth and third microphones, wherein the other alternative passenger directivity is oriented towards a third position of the passenger seat, wherein a second position of the passenger seat is located between the first position of the passenger seat and the third position of the passenger seat, and
provide another alternative passenger interfering noise directivity corresponding to the other alternative passenger directivity based on processing the signals from the third and fourth microphones for the other alternative passenger interfering noise directivity. 19. The microphone system of claim 18, wherein the first microphone, the third microphone, and the fourth microphone are disposed at respective corners of a triangle, wherein the triangle is in a shape of an isosceles triangle, and wherein the fourth microphone is located at an apex of the triangle. 20. A motor vehicle, comprising:
a passenger seat; a microphone system that comprises:
a first microphone;
a second microphone;
a third microphone;
a microphone housing adapted to dispose the first microphone, the second microphone, and the third microphone within the microphone housing; and
a signal processing device configured to:
receive signals from the first microphone, the second microphone, and the third microphone;
provide a driver directivity oriented towards a position of a driver of the motor vehicle based on processing of the signals of the first and second microphones;
provide a driver interfering noise directivity based on processing signals of a first set of two microphones together, wherein the driver interfering noise directivity corresponds to a main extension direction oriented opposite towards a main extension direction of the driver directivity;
process a driver signal associated with the driver directivity in dependence on a driver interfering signal associated with the driver interfering noise directivity;
provide a passenger directivity oriented towards a position of the passenger seat based on processing the signals of the second and third microphones;
provide a passenger interfering noise directivity based on processing signals of a second set of two microphones together, wherein the passenger interfering noise directivity corresponds to a main extension direction oriented opposite towards a main extension direction of the passenger directivity; and
process a passenger signal associated with the passenger directivity in dependence on a passenger interfering signal associated with the passenger interfering noise directivity. 21. A method for operating a microphone system of a motor vehicle, the method comprising:
receiving, at a signal processing device of the microphone system, signals from a first microphone, a second microphone, and a third microphone disposed in a microphone housing; providing, by the signal processing device, a driver directivity oriented towards a position of a driver of the motor vehicle based on processing of the signals of the first and second microphones; providing, by the signal processing device, a driver interfering noise directivity based on processing signals of a first set of two microphones together, wherein the driver interfering noise directivity corresponds to a main extension direction oriented opposite towards a main extension direction of the driver directivity; processing, by the signal processing device, a driver signal associated with the driver directivity in dependence on a driver interfering signal associated with the driver interfering noise directivity; providing, by the signal processing device, a passenger directivity oriented towards a position of a passenger seat based on processing the signals of the second and third microphones; providing, by the signal processing device, a passenger interfering noise directivity based on processing signals of a second set of two microphones together, wherein the passenger interfering noise directivity corresponds to a main extension direction oriented opposite towards a main extension direction of the passenger directivity; and processing, by the signal processing device, a passenger signal associated with the passenger directivity in dependence on a passenger interfering signal associated with the passenger interfering noise directivity. | 3,700 |
340,788 | 16,642,265 | 3,732 | A high-voltage output driver (1) for a sensor device (100) with reverse current blocking comprises a supply node (SN) to apply a supply voltage (VHV) and an output node (OP) to provide an output signal (OS) of the high-voltage output driver (1). The high-voltage output driver (1) comprises a driver transistor (MP0) being disposed between the supply node (SN) and the output node (OP). The high-voltage output driver (1) further comprises a bulk control circuit (20) to apply a bulk control voltage (Vwell) to a bulk node (BMP0) of the driver transistor (MP0), and a gate control circuit (30) to apply a gate control voltage (GCV) to thegate node (GMP0) of the driver transistor (MP0). | 1. A high-voltage output driver for a sensor device with reverse current blocking, comprising:
a supply node to apply a supply voltage, an output node to provide an output signal of the high-voltage output driver, a driver transistor being disposed between the supply node and the output node, a bulk control circuit to apply a bulk control voltage to a bulk node of the driver transistor, a gate control circuit to apply agate control voltage to the gate node of the driver transistor. 2. The high-voltage output driver of claim 1,
wherein the high-voltage output driver is operated in a first operation mode in which the potential at the output node is lower than the supply voltage, and in a second operation mode in which the potential at the output node is higher than the supply voltage, wherein the bulk control circuit is configured to apply the level of a bulk control voltage to the bulk node of the driver transistor in dependence on operating the high-voltage output driver in the first and second operation mode, wherein the gate control circuit is configured to apply the level of the gate control voltage to the gate node of the high side driver transistor in dependence on operating the high-voltage output driver in the first and second operation mode. 3. The high-voltage output driver of claim 1,
wherein the bulk control circuit is configured to apply the supply voltage to the bulk node of the driver transistor, when the high-voltage output driver is operated in the first operation mode, wherein the bulk control circuit is configured to apply the potential at the output node to the bulk node of the driver transistor, when the high-voltage output driver is operated in the second operation mode. 4. The high-voltage output driver of claim 1,
wherein the gate control circuit is configured to apply the supply voltage to the gate node of the driver transistor, when the high-voltage output driver is operated in the first operation mode, in particular an off-state of the first operation mode, wherein the gate control circuit 30 is configured to apply another voltage to the gate node GMP0 of the driver transistor, when the high-voltage output driver is operated in a second state of the first operation mode, in particular an on-state of the first operation mode, wherein the gate control circuit is configured to apply the potential at the output node to the gate node of the driver transistor, when the high-voltage output driver is operated in the second operation mode. 5. The high-voltage output driver of claim 1,
wherein the bulk control circuit comprises a first transistor being disposed between the supply node and the bulk node of the driver transistor, wherein a control node of the first transistor is coupled to the output node via a first resistor. 6. The high-voltage output driver of claim 1, wherein the bulk control circuit comprises a second transistor being disposed between the bulk node of the driver transistor and the output node of the high-voltage output driver. 7. The high-voltage output driver of claim 1, wherein the bulk control circuit comprises a second resistor being disposed between the supply node and the bulk node of the driver transistor. 8. The high-voltage output driver of claim 1,
wherein the gate control circuit comprises a third transistor being disposed between the gate node of the driver transistor and the output node of the high-voltage output driver, wherein the third transistor has a gate node being coupled to the supply node. 9. The high-voltage output driver of claim 1, comprising:
a reference node to apply a reference voltage, a first current source being connected to the reference node, a fourth transistor being disposed between the supply node and the first current source, wherein the gate and drain node of the fourth transistor are connected to each other, wherein the gate node of the fourth transistor is connected to the gate node of the second transistor. 10. The high-voltage output driver of claim 9, comprising:
a second current source being connected to the reference node, detection circuit to detect the first and the second operation mode of the high-voltage output driver, wherein the detection circuit comprises a fifth transistor and a sixth transistor, wherein the fifth transistor is disposed between the bulk node of the driver transistor and the second current source, wherein the sixth transistor is disposed between the supply node and the second current source, wherein the drain node of the fifth transistor is connected to the drain node of the sixth transistor. 11. The high-voltage output driver of claim 10,
wherein the gate node of the fifth transistor is connected to the gate node of the fourth transistor, wherein the drain node of the sixth transistor is connected to the gate node of the sixth transistor. 12. The high-voltage output driver of claim 1,
wherein the gate control circuit comprises a seventh and an eighth transistor, wherein the source node and the bulk node of the seventh transistor is connected to the supply node, wherein the source node of the eighth transistor is connected to the drain node of the seventh transistor, and the drain node of the eighth transistor is connected to the gate node of the driver transistor, and the bulk node of the eighth transistor is connected to the supply node. 13. The high-voltage output driver of claim 1,
wherein the gate node of the seventh transistor is connectable to one of the gate node of the fourth transistor and the supply node, wherein the gate node of the eighth transistor is connected to the respective drain node of the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor and the second current source. 14. The high-voltage output driver of claim 4, comprising:
a third current source being connected to the reference node, a ninth transistor being connected between the supply node and the third current source, wherein the gate control circuit comprises a tenth transistor being disposed between the gate node of the ninth transistor and the gate node of the driver transistor, wherein the gate control circuit is configured to apply the gate voltage at the gate of the ninth transistor to the gate node of the driver transistor MP9, when the high-voltage output driver is operated in the second state of the first operation mode. 15. The high-voltage output driver of claim 14,
wherein the gate control circuit comprises an eleventh transistor and a twelfth transistor, wherein the eleventh and twelfth transistor are disposed in series between the supply node and the gate node of the ninth transistor, wherein the source node of the eleventh transistor is connected to the supply node, the drain node of the transistor is connected to the drain node of the twelfth transistor, and the gate node of the eleventh transistor is connected to the gate node of the sixth transistor, wherein the drain node of the twelfth transistor is connected to the gate node of the tenth transistor, and the gate node of the twelfth transistor is connected to the gate node of the tenth transistor. | A high-voltage output driver (1) for a sensor device (100) with reverse current blocking comprises a supply node (SN) to apply a supply voltage (VHV) and an output node (OP) to provide an output signal (OS) of the high-voltage output driver (1). The high-voltage output driver (1) comprises a driver transistor (MP0) being disposed between the supply node (SN) and the output node (OP). The high-voltage output driver (1) further comprises a bulk control circuit (20) to apply a bulk control voltage (Vwell) to a bulk node (BMP0) of the driver transistor (MP0), and a gate control circuit (30) to apply a gate control voltage (GCV) to thegate node (GMP0) of the driver transistor (MP0).1. A high-voltage output driver for a sensor device with reverse current blocking, comprising:
a supply node to apply a supply voltage, an output node to provide an output signal of the high-voltage output driver, a driver transistor being disposed between the supply node and the output node, a bulk control circuit to apply a bulk control voltage to a bulk node of the driver transistor, a gate control circuit to apply agate control voltage to the gate node of the driver transistor. 2. The high-voltage output driver of claim 1,
wherein the high-voltage output driver is operated in a first operation mode in which the potential at the output node is lower than the supply voltage, and in a second operation mode in which the potential at the output node is higher than the supply voltage, wherein the bulk control circuit is configured to apply the level of a bulk control voltage to the bulk node of the driver transistor in dependence on operating the high-voltage output driver in the first and second operation mode, wherein the gate control circuit is configured to apply the level of the gate control voltage to the gate node of the high side driver transistor in dependence on operating the high-voltage output driver in the first and second operation mode. 3. The high-voltage output driver of claim 1,
wherein the bulk control circuit is configured to apply the supply voltage to the bulk node of the driver transistor, when the high-voltage output driver is operated in the first operation mode, wherein the bulk control circuit is configured to apply the potential at the output node to the bulk node of the driver transistor, when the high-voltage output driver is operated in the second operation mode. 4. The high-voltage output driver of claim 1,
wherein the gate control circuit is configured to apply the supply voltage to the gate node of the driver transistor, when the high-voltage output driver is operated in the first operation mode, in particular an off-state of the first operation mode, wherein the gate control circuit 30 is configured to apply another voltage to the gate node GMP0 of the driver transistor, when the high-voltage output driver is operated in a second state of the first operation mode, in particular an on-state of the first operation mode, wherein the gate control circuit is configured to apply the potential at the output node to the gate node of the driver transistor, when the high-voltage output driver is operated in the second operation mode. 5. The high-voltage output driver of claim 1,
wherein the bulk control circuit comprises a first transistor being disposed between the supply node and the bulk node of the driver transistor, wherein a control node of the first transistor is coupled to the output node via a first resistor. 6. The high-voltage output driver of claim 1, wherein the bulk control circuit comprises a second transistor being disposed between the bulk node of the driver transistor and the output node of the high-voltage output driver. 7. The high-voltage output driver of claim 1, wherein the bulk control circuit comprises a second resistor being disposed between the supply node and the bulk node of the driver transistor. 8. The high-voltage output driver of claim 1,
wherein the gate control circuit comprises a third transistor being disposed between the gate node of the driver transistor and the output node of the high-voltage output driver, wherein the third transistor has a gate node being coupled to the supply node. 9. The high-voltage output driver of claim 1, comprising:
a reference node to apply a reference voltage, a first current source being connected to the reference node, a fourth transistor being disposed between the supply node and the first current source, wherein the gate and drain node of the fourth transistor are connected to each other, wherein the gate node of the fourth transistor is connected to the gate node of the second transistor. 10. The high-voltage output driver of claim 9, comprising:
a second current source being connected to the reference node, detection circuit to detect the first and the second operation mode of the high-voltage output driver, wherein the detection circuit comprises a fifth transistor and a sixth transistor, wherein the fifth transistor is disposed between the bulk node of the driver transistor and the second current source, wherein the sixth transistor is disposed between the supply node and the second current source, wherein the drain node of the fifth transistor is connected to the drain node of the sixth transistor. 11. The high-voltage output driver of claim 10,
wherein the gate node of the fifth transistor is connected to the gate node of the fourth transistor, wherein the drain node of the sixth transistor is connected to the gate node of the sixth transistor. 12. The high-voltage output driver of claim 1,
wherein the gate control circuit comprises a seventh and an eighth transistor, wherein the source node and the bulk node of the seventh transistor is connected to the supply node, wherein the source node of the eighth transistor is connected to the drain node of the seventh transistor, and the drain node of the eighth transistor is connected to the gate node of the driver transistor, and the bulk node of the eighth transistor is connected to the supply node. 13. The high-voltage output driver of claim 1,
wherein the gate node of the seventh transistor is connectable to one of the gate node of the fourth transistor and the supply node, wherein the gate node of the eighth transistor is connected to the respective drain node of the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor and the second current source. 14. The high-voltage output driver of claim 4, comprising:
a third current source being connected to the reference node, a ninth transistor being connected between the supply node and the third current source, wherein the gate control circuit comprises a tenth transistor being disposed between the gate node of the ninth transistor and the gate node of the driver transistor, wherein the gate control circuit is configured to apply the gate voltage at the gate of the ninth transistor to the gate node of the driver transistor MP9, when the high-voltage output driver is operated in the second state of the first operation mode. 15. The high-voltage output driver of claim 14,
wherein the gate control circuit comprises an eleventh transistor and a twelfth transistor, wherein the eleventh and twelfth transistor are disposed in series between the supply node and the gate node of the ninth transistor, wherein the source node of the eleventh transistor is connected to the supply node, the drain node of the transistor is connected to the drain node of the twelfth transistor, and the gate node of the eleventh transistor is connected to the gate node of the sixth transistor, wherein the drain node of the twelfth transistor is connected to the gate node of the tenth transistor, and the gate node of the twelfth transistor is connected to the gate node of the tenth transistor. | 3,700 |
340,789 | 16,642,264 | 3,732 | In an indwelling device for embolization comprising a coil portion (11) having a proximal side and a distal side and having a lumen extending in a longitudinal direction, and a stretch-resistant member (20) disposed in the lumen, a spring constant of the coil portion (11) is 1.0 N/mm or less, the stretch-resistant member (20) has a waveform, and a wave height, which is a distance between peaks on an inner side of the waveform of the stretch-resistant member (20), is 35 μm or larger and smaller than an inner diameter of the coil portion (11), in order to provide the indwelling device for embolization that suppresses changes in dimension of the coil portion (11) during sterilization. | 1. An indwelling device for embolization comprising:
a coil portion having a proximal side and a distal side and having a lumen extending in a longitudinal direction; and a stretch-resistant member disposed in the lumen, wherein a spring constant of the coil portion is 1.0 N/mm or less, the stretch-resistant member has a waveform, and a wave height, which is a distance between peaks on an inner side of the waveform of the stretch-resistant member, is 35 μm or larger and smaller than an inner diameter of the coil portion. 2. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
the spring constant of the coil portion is 0.6 N/mm or less, and the wave height of the stretch-resistant member is larger than 35 μm. 3. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
the spring constant of the coil portion is more than 0.2 N/mm. 4. An indwelling device for embolization comprising:
a coil portion having a proximal side and a distal side and having a lumen extending in a longitudinal direction; and a stretch-resistant member disposed in the lumen, wherein a spring constant of the coil portion is 0.2 N/mm or less, the stretch-resistant member has a waveform, and a wave height, which is a distance between peaks on an inner side of the waveform of the stretch-resistant member, is 50 m or larger and smaller than an inner diameter of the coil portion. 5. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 4, wherein
the wave height of the stretch-resistant member is larger than 50 μm. 6. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 4, wherein
the spring constant of the coil portion is more than 0.1 N/mm. 7. An indwelling device for embolization comprising:
a coil portion having a proximal side and a distal side and having a lumen extending in a longitudinal direction; and a stretch-resistant member disposed in the lumen, wherein a spring constant of the coil portion is 0.1 N/mm or less, the stretch-resistant member has a waveform, and a wave height, which is a distance between peaks on an inner side of the waveform of the stretch-resistant member, is 65 μm or larger and smaller than an inner diameter of the coil portion. 8. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 7, wherein
the wave height of the stretch-resistant member is larger than 65 μm. 9. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 7, wherein
the spring constant of the coil portion is 0.01 N/mm or more. 10. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
a wavelength of the stretch-resistant member is 280 μm or longer and 400 μm or shorter. 11. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
a wire diameter of the coil portion is 0.1 mm or smaller. 12. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, further comprises a detachable portion and a pusher portion, wherein
the coil portion, the detachable portion, and the pusher portion are disposed in this order from a distal side of the indwelling device, and the coil portion and the pusher portion are connected to each other via the detachable portion. 13. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 4, wherein
a wavelength of the stretch-resistant member is 280 μm or longer and 400 μm or shorter. 14. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 4, wherein
a wire diameter of the coil portion is 0.1 mm or smaller. 15. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 4, further comprises a detachable portion and a pusher portion, wherein
the coil portion, the detachable portion, and the pusher portion are disposed in this order from a distal side of the indwelling device, and the coil portion and the pusher portion are connected to each other via the detachable portion. 16. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 7, wherein
a wavelength of the stretch-resistant member is 280 μm or longer and 400 μm or shorter. 17. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 7, wherein
a wire diameter of the coil portion is 0.1 mm or smaller. 18. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 7, further comprises a detachable portion and a pusher portion, wherein
the coil portion, the detachable portion, and the pusher portion are disposed in this order from a distal side of the indwelling device, and the coil portion and the pusher portion are connected to each other via the detachable portion. 19. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
one end of the stretch-resistant member is fixed at a distal portion of the coil portion, and another end of the stretch-resistant member is fixed at a proximal portion of the coil portion. 20. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 4, wherein
one end of the stretch-resistant member is fixed at a distal portion of the coil portion, and another end of the stretch-resistant member is fixed at a proximal portion of the coil portion. 21. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 7, wherein
one end of the stretch-resistant member is fixed at a distal portion of the coil portion, and another end of the stretch-resistant member is fixed at a proximal portion of the coil portion. | In an indwelling device for embolization comprising a coil portion (11) having a proximal side and a distal side and having a lumen extending in a longitudinal direction, and a stretch-resistant member (20) disposed in the lumen, a spring constant of the coil portion (11) is 1.0 N/mm or less, the stretch-resistant member (20) has a waveform, and a wave height, which is a distance between peaks on an inner side of the waveform of the stretch-resistant member (20), is 35 μm or larger and smaller than an inner diameter of the coil portion (11), in order to provide the indwelling device for embolization that suppresses changes in dimension of the coil portion (11) during sterilization.1. An indwelling device for embolization comprising:
a coil portion having a proximal side and a distal side and having a lumen extending in a longitudinal direction; and a stretch-resistant member disposed in the lumen, wherein a spring constant of the coil portion is 1.0 N/mm or less, the stretch-resistant member has a waveform, and a wave height, which is a distance between peaks on an inner side of the waveform of the stretch-resistant member, is 35 μm or larger and smaller than an inner diameter of the coil portion. 2. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
the spring constant of the coil portion is 0.6 N/mm or less, and the wave height of the stretch-resistant member is larger than 35 μm. 3. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
the spring constant of the coil portion is more than 0.2 N/mm. 4. An indwelling device for embolization comprising:
a coil portion having a proximal side and a distal side and having a lumen extending in a longitudinal direction; and a stretch-resistant member disposed in the lumen, wherein a spring constant of the coil portion is 0.2 N/mm or less, the stretch-resistant member has a waveform, and a wave height, which is a distance between peaks on an inner side of the waveform of the stretch-resistant member, is 50 m or larger and smaller than an inner diameter of the coil portion. 5. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 4, wherein
the wave height of the stretch-resistant member is larger than 50 μm. 6. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 4, wherein
the spring constant of the coil portion is more than 0.1 N/mm. 7. An indwelling device for embolization comprising:
a coil portion having a proximal side and a distal side and having a lumen extending in a longitudinal direction; and a stretch-resistant member disposed in the lumen, wherein a spring constant of the coil portion is 0.1 N/mm or less, the stretch-resistant member has a waveform, and a wave height, which is a distance between peaks on an inner side of the waveform of the stretch-resistant member, is 65 μm or larger and smaller than an inner diameter of the coil portion. 8. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 7, wherein
the wave height of the stretch-resistant member is larger than 65 μm. 9. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 7, wherein
the spring constant of the coil portion is 0.01 N/mm or more. 10. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
a wavelength of the stretch-resistant member is 280 μm or longer and 400 μm or shorter. 11. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
a wire diameter of the coil portion is 0.1 mm or smaller. 12. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, further comprises a detachable portion and a pusher portion, wherein
the coil portion, the detachable portion, and the pusher portion are disposed in this order from a distal side of the indwelling device, and the coil portion and the pusher portion are connected to each other via the detachable portion. 13. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 4, wherein
a wavelength of the stretch-resistant member is 280 μm or longer and 400 μm or shorter. 14. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 4, wherein
a wire diameter of the coil portion is 0.1 mm or smaller. 15. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 4, further comprises a detachable portion and a pusher portion, wherein
the coil portion, the detachable portion, and the pusher portion are disposed in this order from a distal side of the indwelling device, and the coil portion and the pusher portion are connected to each other via the detachable portion. 16. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 7, wherein
a wavelength of the stretch-resistant member is 280 μm or longer and 400 μm or shorter. 17. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 7, wherein
a wire diameter of the coil portion is 0.1 mm or smaller. 18. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 7, further comprises a detachable portion and a pusher portion, wherein
the coil portion, the detachable portion, and the pusher portion are disposed in this order from a distal side of the indwelling device, and the coil portion and the pusher portion are connected to each other via the detachable portion. 19. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 1, wherein
one end of the stretch-resistant member is fixed at a distal portion of the coil portion, and another end of the stretch-resistant member is fixed at a proximal portion of the coil portion. 20. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 4, wherein
one end of the stretch-resistant member is fixed at a distal portion of the coil portion, and another end of the stretch-resistant member is fixed at a proximal portion of the coil portion. 21. The indwelling device for embolization according to claim 7, wherein
one end of the stretch-resistant member is fixed at a distal portion of the coil portion, and another end of the stretch-resistant member is fixed at a proximal portion of the coil portion. | 3,700 |
340,790 | 16,642,225 | 3,732 | A device for fixing a bracelet to a watch case includes at least one horn and a bracelet strand. The horn and the bracelet are held together by a bar. The horn includes a rigid blade arranged to fit together with at least one recess made in the bracelet strand. The at least one recess has an opening for receiving the blade during the placement of the bracelet strand so as to form a rigid link once the bar is put in place. | 1-8. (canceled) 9. A device for fixing a bracelet to a watch case, the device comprising:
at least one horn and a bracelet strand, the horn and the bracelet strand being held together by a bar, the horn comprising a rigid blade arranged to fit together with at least one recess made in the bracelet strand, said at least one recess having an opening for receiving said blade during the placement of the bracelet strand so as to form a rigid link, the horn comprising a passage through which said bar passes in order to hold the bracelet strand on the watch case, wherein the bracelet strand comprises a rigid insert, said insert comprising said recess for receiving said blade. 10. The fixing device according to claim 9, wherein said blade is inclined downwards by an angle that lies in the range 20° to 45° relative to the median plane M of the watch case. 11. The fixing device according to claim 9, wherein the width of the blade is less than or equal to the width of the median horn. 12. The fixing device according to claim 9, wherein the horn comprises a banking element defining the hooking position of the bracelet strand with the watch case. 13. The fixing device according to claim 9, wherein the bracelet strand is made of a flexible plastics material and the insert is made of a hard material selected from the group consisting of metal materials or metal alloys, ceramics, or composite materials. | A device for fixing a bracelet to a watch case includes at least one horn and a bracelet strand. The horn and the bracelet are held together by a bar. The horn includes a rigid blade arranged to fit together with at least one recess made in the bracelet strand. The at least one recess has an opening for receiving the blade during the placement of the bracelet strand so as to form a rigid link once the bar is put in place.1-8. (canceled) 9. A device for fixing a bracelet to a watch case, the device comprising:
at least one horn and a bracelet strand, the horn and the bracelet strand being held together by a bar, the horn comprising a rigid blade arranged to fit together with at least one recess made in the bracelet strand, said at least one recess having an opening for receiving said blade during the placement of the bracelet strand so as to form a rigid link, the horn comprising a passage through which said bar passes in order to hold the bracelet strand on the watch case, wherein the bracelet strand comprises a rigid insert, said insert comprising said recess for receiving said blade. 10. The fixing device according to claim 9, wherein said blade is inclined downwards by an angle that lies in the range 20° to 45° relative to the median plane M of the watch case. 11. The fixing device according to claim 9, wherein the width of the blade is less than or equal to the width of the median horn. 12. The fixing device according to claim 9, wherein the horn comprises a banking element defining the hooking position of the bracelet strand with the watch case. 13. The fixing device according to claim 9, wherein the bracelet strand is made of a flexible plastics material and the insert is made of a hard material selected from the group consisting of metal materials or metal alloys, ceramics, or composite materials. | 3,700 |
340,791 | 16,642,254 | 3,732 | Disclosed herein are selector devices, and related devices and techniques. In some embodiments, a selector device may include a first electrode, a second electrode, a selector material between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a getter layer between the first electrode and the selector material. The first electrode may include a material having a work function that is less than 4.5 electron volts. | 1. A selector device, comprising:
a first electrode, wherein the first electrode includes a material having a work function that is less than 4.5 electron volts; a second electrode; a selector material between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a getter layer between the first electrode and the selector material. 2. The selector device of claim 1, wherein the selector material includes hafnium, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, or titanium. 3. The selector device of claim 2, wherein the selector material includes an oxide. 4. The selector device of claim 1, wherein the selector material includes a chalcogenide. 5. The selector device of claim 1, wherein the material includes tantalum, titanium, or carbon. 6. The selector device of claim 1, wherein the first electrode is substantially uniformly composed of the material. 7. The selector device of claim 1, wherein the first electrode includes a skin layer of the material around another material. 8. The selector device of claim 1, wherein the getter layer includes tantalum, titanium, hafnium, aluminum, or chromium. 9. The selector device of claim 8, wherein the getter layer includes a nitride. 10. The selector device of claim 8, wherein the getter layer is a first getter layer, and the selector device further includes:
a second getter layer between the second electrode and the selector material. 11. The selector device of claim 10, wherein the material is a first material, and the second electrode includes a second material having a work function that is greater than 4.5 electron volts. 12. The selector device of claim 11, wherein the second material includes gold, platinum, ruthenium, or copper. 13. The selector device of claim 1, wherein the material is a first material, and the second electrode includes a second material having a work function that is greater than 4.5 electron volts. 14. A memory cell, comprising:
a storage element; and a selector device coupled to the storage element, wherein:
the selector device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a selector material between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a getter layer between the second electrode and the selector material,
the first electrode includes a first material having a work function less than 4.5 electron volts, and
the second electrode includes a second material having a work function greater than 4.5 electron volts. 15. The memory cell of claim 14, wherein the first electrode or the second electrode is also an electrode of the storage element. 16. The memory cell of claim 14, wherein the storage element is a resistive random access memory (RRAM) device, a phase change memory (PCM) device, a metal filament memory device, or a magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) device. 17. The memory cell of claim 14, wherein the memory cell includes a first terminal coupled to a bit line, and the memory cell includes a second terminal coupled to a word line. 18-21. (canceled) 22. A computing device, comprising:
a circuit board; a processing device coupled to the circuit board; and a memory array coupled to the processing device, wherein: the memory array includes a memory cell having a storage element coupled in series with a selector device, the selector device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a selector material, and the first electrode includes a skin layer of a material having a work function less than 4.5 electron volts. 23. The computing device of claim 22, wherein the skin layer is around a bulk conductive material of the first electrode. 24. The computing device of claim 22, wherein the selector device further includes a getter layer between the first electrode and the selector material. 25. (canceled) | Disclosed herein are selector devices, and related devices and techniques. In some embodiments, a selector device may include a first electrode, a second electrode, a selector material between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a getter layer between the first electrode and the selector material. The first electrode may include a material having a work function that is less than 4.5 electron volts.1. A selector device, comprising:
a first electrode, wherein the first electrode includes a material having a work function that is less than 4.5 electron volts; a second electrode; a selector material between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a getter layer between the first electrode and the selector material. 2. The selector device of claim 1, wherein the selector material includes hafnium, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, or titanium. 3. The selector device of claim 2, wherein the selector material includes an oxide. 4. The selector device of claim 1, wherein the selector material includes a chalcogenide. 5. The selector device of claim 1, wherein the material includes tantalum, titanium, or carbon. 6. The selector device of claim 1, wherein the first electrode is substantially uniformly composed of the material. 7. The selector device of claim 1, wherein the first electrode includes a skin layer of the material around another material. 8. The selector device of claim 1, wherein the getter layer includes tantalum, titanium, hafnium, aluminum, or chromium. 9. The selector device of claim 8, wherein the getter layer includes a nitride. 10. The selector device of claim 8, wherein the getter layer is a first getter layer, and the selector device further includes:
a second getter layer between the second electrode and the selector material. 11. The selector device of claim 10, wherein the material is a first material, and the second electrode includes a second material having a work function that is greater than 4.5 electron volts. 12. The selector device of claim 11, wherein the second material includes gold, platinum, ruthenium, or copper. 13. The selector device of claim 1, wherein the material is a first material, and the second electrode includes a second material having a work function that is greater than 4.5 electron volts. 14. A memory cell, comprising:
a storage element; and a selector device coupled to the storage element, wherein:
the selector device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a selector material between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a getter layer between the second electrode and the selector material,
the first electrode includes a first material having a work function less than 4.5 electron volts, and
the second electrode includes a second material having a work function greater than 4.5 electron volts. 15. The memory cell of claim 14, wherein the first electrode or the second electrode is also an electrode of the storage element. 16. The memory cell of claim 14, wherein the storage element is a resistive random access memory (RRAM) device, a phase change memory (PCM) device, a metal filament memory device, or a magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) device. 17. The memory cell of claim 14, wherein the memory cell includes a first terminal coupled to a bit line, and the memory cell includes a second terminal coupled to a word line. 18-21. (canceled) 22. A computing device, comprising:
a circuit board; a processing device coupled to the circuit board; and a memory array coupled to the processing device, wherein: the memory array includes a memory cell having a storage element coupled in series with a selector device, the selector device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a selector material, and the first electrode includes a skin layer of a material having a work function less than 4.5 electron volts. 23. The computing device of claim 22, wherein the skin layer is around a bulk conductive material of the first electrode. 24. The computing device of claim 22, wherein the selector device further includes a getter layer between the first electrode and the selector material. 25. (canceled) | 3,700 |
340,792 | 16,642,308 | 3,732 | Reaction condition compositions for detecting a genomic variation from a small sample amount from 5 nano grams (ng) to 1 microgram (ug) includes DNA ligase, DNA polymerase, at least one COP, a DNA polymerase buffer, NAD+, at least two primers, and deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs). Detection of the genomic variation utilizes COPs with increased ligation efficiency and RCA with fluorescence detection due to simultaneous ligation of COPs to CPs and replication of the genomic variation. The reaction condition composition eliminates the need to perform background reduction of un-hybridized or un-ligated COPs. | 1. A reaction condition composition for hybridization and ligation of circularizing oligonucleotide probes comprising:
a DNA ligase from 1 to 5 units; a DNA polymerase from 0.2 to 2.5 units; at least one circularizing oligonucleotide probe having a final concentration from 0.0125 to 0.3 micromolar, wherein
the at least one circularizing oligonucleotide probe is specific to a first genomic variation;
a deoxyribonucleic acid buffer capable of maintaining a pH from 7 to 9; NAD+ having a final concentration from 0.1 to 1.4 millimolar; at least two primers having a final concentration from 0.1 to 0.5 micromolar, wherein
the at least two primers are specific to a first replication sequence; and
deoxynucleotide triphosphates having a final contraction from 0.1 to 0.2 millimolar. 2. The reaction condition composition of claim 1, wherein
the DNA ligase is 5 units; the DNA polymerase is 0.8 units; the at least one circularizing oligonucleotide probe has a final concentration of 0.1 micromolar; the NAD+ has a final concentration of 0.25 millimolar; the at least two primers have a final concentration of 0.25 micromolar; the deoxynucleotide triphosphates have a final concentration from 0.1 millimolar. 3. The reaction condition composition of claim 1, wherein
the DNA polymerase buffer comprises
tris-hydrochloride having a final concentration from 10 millimolar to 15 millimolar;
potassium chloride having a concentration from 50 millimolar to 60 millimolar; and
magnesium chloride having a concentration from 1.5 millimolar to 4 millimolar. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein
the DNA ligase is thermostable. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein
the DNA ligase is NAD+ dependent. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein
the DNA polymerase is thermostable. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein
the DNA polymerase is taq polymerase. 8. The composition of claim 1, further comprising
a first circularizing oligonucleotide probe, wherein
the first circularizing oligonucleotide probe is specific to the genomic variation;
a second circularizing oligonucleotide probe, wherein
the second circularizing oligonucleotide probe is specific to a second genomic variation;
a first primer and a second primer,
wherein the first primer and the second primer are specific to the first replication sequence; and
a third primer and a fourth primer,
wherein the third primer and fourth primer are specific to a second replication sequence. 9. A method for hybridization and ligation of circularizing oligonucleotide probes for detection of a genomic target comprising:
contacting a reaction condition composition with a DNA sample having the genomic target, where the reaction condition composition comprises
at least one circularizing oligonucleotide probe specific to the genomic variation;
hybridizing the circularizing oligonucleotide probe to the genomic variation, wherein
the hybridizing includes heating the sample contacted with the reaction condition composition from 90 to 95 degrees Celsius;
ligating the hybridized circularized circularizing oligonucleotide probe to form a circularized probe, wherein
the ligating includes cyclical heating and cooling of the reaction condition composition contacted sample;
replicating the circularized probe for detection; detecting the circularized probe to identify the genomic variation. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein
the cyclical heating and cooling comprises
from 10 to 60 cycles of heating and cooling from 90 to 95 degrees Celsius for approximately 30 seconds and from 40 to 60 degrees Celsius for approximately 45 seconds. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein
the cyclical heating and cooling comprises
30 cycles of heating and cooling to 95 degrees Celsius for approximately 30 seconds and to 60 degrees Celsius for approximately 45 seconds. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein
replicating the circularized probe for detection comprises rolling circle amplification. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein
The detection of the circularized probe to identify the genomic variation comprises adding fluorescent labeled primers to hybridize to the replicated circularized probe for fluorescence detection. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein
the reaction condition composition comprises
a DNA ligase from 1 to 5 units;
a DNA polymerase from 0.2 to 2.5 units;
at least one circularizing oligonucleotide probe having a final concentration from 0.1 to 0.3 micromolar, wherein
the at least one circularizing oligonucleotide probe is specific to a first genomic variation;
a deoxyribonucleic acid buffer capable of maintaining a pH from 7 to 9;
NAD+ having a final concentration from 0.1 to 1.4 millimolar;
at least two primers having a final concentration from 0.1 to 0.5 micromolar,
wherein the at least two primers are specific to a first replication sequence; and
deoxynucleotide triphosphates having a final contraction of from 0.1 to 0.2 millimolar. 15. A reaction condition composition kit, comprising:
a tube; a dehydrated reaction condition composition, wherein the dehydrated reaction condition composition is contained in the tube; a rehydration buffer container; a rehydration buffer, wherein the rehydration buffer is contained in the rehydration buffer container; instructions configured for performing a reaction condition composition method; and a container configured to contain, the tube, the rehydration buffer container, and the instructions. 16. The kit of claim 15, wherein
the rehydration buffer is sterile water. 17. The kit of claim 16, wherein
the dehydrated reaction condition composition is of a mass for performing at least 8 reactions using the reaction condition composition. | Reaction condition compositions for detecting a genomic variation from a small sample amount from 5 nano grams (ng) to 1 microgram (ug) includes DNA ligase, DNA polymerase, at least one COP, a DNA polymerase buffer, NAD+, at least two primers, and deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs). Detection of the genomic variation utilizes COPs with increased ligation efficiency and RCA with fluorescence detection due to simultaneous ligation of COPs to CPs and replication of the genomic variation. The reaction condition composition eliminates the need to perform background reduction of un-hybridized or un-ligated COPs.1. A reaction condition composition for hybridization and ligation of circularizing oligonucleotide probes comprising:
a DNA ligase from 1 to 5 units; a DNA polymerase from 0.2 to 2.5 units; at least one circularizing oligonucleotide probe having a final concentration from 0.0125 to 0.3 micromolar, wherein
the at least one circularizing oligonucleotide probe is specific to a first genomic variation;
a deoxyribonucleic acid buffer capable of maintaining a pH from 7 to 9; NAD+ having a final concentration from 0.1 to 1.4 millimolar; at least two primers having a final concentration from 0.1 to 0.5 micromolar, wherein
the at least two primers are specific to a first replication sequence; and
deoxynucleotide triphosphates having a final contraction from 0.1 to 0.2 millimolar. 2. The reaction condition composition of claim 1, wherein
the DNA ligase is 5 units; the DNA polymerase is 0.8 units; the at least one circularizing oligonucleotide probe has a final concentration of 0.1 micromolar; the NAD+ has a final concentration of 0.25 millimolar; the at least two primers have a final concentration of 0.25 micromolar; the deoxynucleotide triphosphates have a final concentration from 0.1 millimolar. 3. The reaction condition composition of claim 1, wherein
the DNA polymerase buffer comprises
tris-hydrochloride having a final concentration from 10 millimolar to 15 millimolar;
potassium chloride having a concentration from 50 millimolar to 60 millimolar; and
magnesium chloride having a concentration from 1.5 millimolar to 4 millimolar. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein
the DNA ligase is thermostable. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein
the DNA ligase is NAD+ dependent. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein
the DNA polymerase is thermostable. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein
the DNA polymerase is taq polymerase. 8. The composition of claim 1, further comprising
a first circularizing oligonucleotide probe, wherein
the first circularizing oligonucleotide probe is specific to the genomic variation;
a second circularizing oligonucleotide probe, wherein
the second circularizing oligonucleotide probe is specific to a second genomic variation;
a first primer and a second primer,
wherein the first primer and the second primer are specific to the first replication sequence; and
a third primer and a fourth primer,
wherein the third primer and fourth primer are specific to a second replication sequence. 9. A method for hybridization and ligation of circularizing oligonucleotide probes for detection of a genomic target comprising:
contacting a reaction condition composition with a DNA sample having the genomic target, where the reaction condition composition comprises
at least one circularizing oligonucleotide probe specific to the genomic variation;
hybridizing the circularizing oligonucleotide probe to the genomic variation, wherein
the hybridizing includes heating the sample contacted with the reaction condition composition from 90 to 95 degrees Celsius;
ligating the hybridized circularized circularizing oligonucleotide probe to form a circularized probe, wherein
the ligating includes cyclical heating and cooling of the reaction condition composition contacted sample;
replicating the circularized probe for detection; detecting the circularized probe to identify the genomic variation. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein
the cyclical heating and cooling comprises
from 10 to 60 cycles of heating and cooling from 90 to 95 degrees Celsius for approximately 30 seconds and from 40 to 60 degrees Celsius for approximately 45 seconds. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein
the cyclical heating and cooling comprises
30 cycles of heating and cooling to 95 degrees Celsius for approximately 30 seconds and to 60 degrees Celsius for approximately 45 seconds. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein
replicating the circularized probe for detection comprises rolling circle amplification. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein
The detection of the circularized probe to identify the genomic variation comprises adding fluorescent labeled primers to hybridize to the replicated circularized probe for fluorescence detection. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein
the reaction condition composition comprises
a DNA ligase from 1 to 5 units;
a DNA polymerase from 0.2 to 2.5 units;
at least one circularizing oligonucleotide probe having a final concentration from 0.1 to 0.3 micromolar, wherein
the at least one circularizing oligonucleotide probe is specific to a first genomic variation;
a deoxyribonucleic acid buffer capable of maintaining a pH from 7 to 9;
NAD+ having a final concentration from 0.1 to 1.4 millimolar;
at least two primers having a final concentration from 0.1 to 0.5 micromolar,
wherein the at least two primers are specific to a first replication sequence; and
deoxynucleotide triphosphates having a final contraction of from 0.1 to 0.2 millimolar. 15. A reaction condition composition kit, comprising:
a tube; a dehydrated reaction condition composition, wherein the dehydrated reaction condition composition is contained in the tube; a rehydration buffer container; a rehydration buffer, wherein the rehydration buffer is contained in the rehydration buffer container; instructions configured for performing a reaction condition composition method; and a container configured to contain, the tube, the rehydration buffer container, and the instructions. 16. The kit of claim 15, wherein
the rehydration buffer is sterile water. 17. The kit of claim 16, wherein
the dehydrated reaction condition composition is of a mass for performing at least 8 reactions using the reaction condition composition. | 3,700 |
340,793 | 16,642,299 | 3,732 | A display panel disclosed in the application includes a display region and a peripheral region. The display panel includes a substrate and at least one dam disposed on the substrate. The dam is in the peripheral region. An anode is disposed on the substrate and is in the peripheral region. A plurality of holes is provided on the anode to expose the dam. In a direction which the display region faces the peripheral region, a size of the holes is greater than a size of the dam. | 1. A display panel, comprising a display region and a peripheral region surrounding the display region, wherein the display panel comprises:
a substrate; at least one dam disposed on the substrate and disposed in the peripheral region; an anode disposed on the substrate, wherein a plurality of holes are provided on the anode in the peripheral region to expose the dam, the plurality of holes are arranged along an extending direction of the dam, the holes are arranged in a line or in a staggered manner along a direction extending from the display region toward the peripheral region, and a size of the holes is greater than a size of the dam in the direction extending from the display region toward the peripheral region; and a second hole provided on a source drain layer of the substrate, wherein the second hole corresponds to the holes on the anode. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the dam comprises at least a first dam and a second dam, the first dam is disposed between the display region and the second dam, and a separate region is defined between the first dam and the second dam. 3. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein the display panel further comprises a thin-film packaging layer, and a first inorganic packaging layer of the thin-film packaging layer contacts the dam through the holes and the second hole. 4. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein a size of the holes along the extending direction of the dam is 5 μm-500 μm, the size of the holes in the direction extending from the display region toward the peripheral region is greater than 5 μm, and an interval between two adjacent ones of the holes along the extending direction of the dam is greater than 10 μm. 5. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein the dam comprises a first inorganic layer and a second inorganic layer stacked on each other. 6. A display panel, comprising a display region and a peripheral region surrounding the display region, wherein the display panel comprises:
a substrate; at least one dam disposed on the substrate and disposed in the peripheral region; and an anode disposed on the substrate, wherein at least one of holes is provided on the anode in the peripheral region to expose the dam, and a size of the hole is greater than a size of the dam in a direction extending from the display region toward the peripheral region. 7. The display panel according to claim 6, wherein the dam comprises at least a first dam and a second dam, the first dam is disposed between the display region and the second dam, and a separate region is defined between the first dam and the second dam. 8. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein the display panel further comprises a thin-film packaging layer, and a first inorganic packaging layer of the thin-film packaging layer contacts the dam through the hole. 9. The display panel according to claim 8, wherein a second hole is provided on a source drain layer of the substrate and corresponds to the holes on the anode, and the first inorganic packaging layer of the thin-film packaging layer contacts the dam through the hole and the second hole. 10. The display panel according to claim 9, wherein a plurality of the holes are arranged along an extending direction of the dam, the holes are arranged in a line or in a staggered manner along the direction extending from the display region toward the peripheral region. 11. The display panel according to claim 10, wherein a size of the holes along the extending direction of the dam is 5 μm-500 μm, a size of the holes in the direction extending from the display region toward the peripheral region is greater than 5 μm, and an interval between two adjacent ones of the holes along the extending direction of the dam is greater than 10 μm. 12. The display panel according to claim 10, wherein a size of the holes along the extending direction of the dam is greater than 5 μm, and an interval between two adjacent ones of the holes along the extending direction of the dam is greater than 10 μm. 13. The display panel according to claim 9, wherein the dam comprises a first inorganic layer and a second inorganic layer stacked to each other. 14. The display panel according to claim 13, wherein the display panel further comprises a planarization layer, a pixel defining layer, and an organic light-emitting layer stacked on each other in the display region, the planarization layer and the first inorganic layer of the dam are disposed in a same layer and have a same material, the pixel defining layer and the second inorganic layer of the dam are disposed in a same layer and have a same material, the organic light-emitting layer comprises the anode, a light-emitting layer, and a cathode stacked on each other, the substrate comprises a base substrate, a gate insulation layer, an interlayer dielectric layer, and the source drain layer stacked on each other in the peripheral region, and the planarization layer covers the source drain layer. 15. The display panel according to claim 8, wherein the thin-film packaging layer further comprises at least an organic packaging layer and a second inorganic packaging layer and the organic packaging layer and the second inorganic packaging layer are disposed on a side of the first inorganic packaging layer of the thin-film packaging layer away from the substrate. | A display panel disclosed in the application includes a display region and a peripheral region. The display panel includes a substrate and at least one dam disposed on the substrate. The dam is in the peripheral region. An anode is disposed on the substrate and is in the peripheral region. A plurality of holes is provided on the anode to expose the dam. In a direction which the display region faces the peripheral region, a size of the holes is greater than a size of the dam.1. A display panel, comprising a display region and a peripheral region surrounding the display region, wherein the display panel comprises:
a substrate; at least one dam disposed on the substrate and disposed in the peripheral region; an anode disposed on the substrate, wherein a plurality of holes are provided on the anode in the peripheral region to expose the dam, the plurality of holes are arranged along an extending direction of the dam, the holes are arranged in a line or in a staggered manner along a direction extending from the display region toward the peripheral region, and a size of the holes is greater than a size of the dam in the direction extending from the display region toward the peripheral region; and a second hole provided on a source drain layer of the substrate, wherein the second hole corresponds to the holes on the anode. 2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein the dam comprises at least a first dam and a second dam, the first dam is disposed between the display region and the second dam, and a separate region is defined between the first dam and the second dam. 3. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein the display panel further comprises a thin-film packaging layer, and a first inorganic packaging layer of the thin-film packaging layer contacts the dam through the holes and the second hole. 4. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein a size of the holes along the extending direction of the dam is 5 μm-500 μm, the size of the holes in the direction extending from the display region toward the peripheral region is greater than 5 μm, and an interval between two adjacent ones of the holes along the extending direction of the dam is greater than 10 μm. 5. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein the dam comprises a first inorganic layer and a second inorganic layer stacked on each other. 6. A display panel, comprising a display region and a peripheral region surrounding the display region, wherein the display panel comprises:
a substrate; at least one dam disposed on the substrate and disposed in the peripheral region; and an anode disposed on the substrate, wherein at least one of holes is provided on the anode in the peripheral region to expose the dam, and a size of the hole is greater than a size of the dam in a direction extending from the display region toward the peripheral region. 7. The display panel according to claim 6, wherein the dam comprises at least a first dam and a second dam, the first dam is disposed between the display region and the second dam, and a separate region is defined between the first dam and the second dam. 8. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein the display panel further comprises a thin-film packaging layer, and a first inorganic packaging layer of the thin-film packaging layer contacts the dam through the hole. 9. The display panel according to claim 8, wherein a second hole is provided on a source drain layer of the substrate and corresponds to the holes on the anode, and the first inorganic packaging layer of the thin-film packaging layer contacts the dam through the hole and the second hole. 10. The display panel according to claim 9, wherein a plurality of the holes are arranged along an extending direction of the dam, the holes are arranged in a line or in a staggered manner along the direction extending from the display region toward the peripheral region. 11. The display panel according to claim 10, wherein a size of the holes along the extending direction of the dam is 5 μm-500 μm, a size of the holes in the direction extending from the display region toward the peripheral region is greater than 5 μm, and an interval between two adjacent ones of the holes along the extending direction of the dam is greater than 10 μm. 12. The display panel according to claim 10, wherein a size of the holes along the extending direction of the dam is greater than 5 μm, and an interval between two adjacent ones of the holes along the extending direction of the dam is greater than 10 μm. 13. The display panel according to claim 9, wherein the dam comprises a first inorganic layer and a second inorganic layer stacked to each other. 14. The display panel according to claim 13, wherein the display panel further comprises a planarization layer, a pixel defining layer, and an organic light-emitting layer stacked on each other in the display region, the planarization layer and the first inorganic layer of the dam are disposed in a same layer and have a same material, the pixel defining layer and the second inorganic layer of the dam are disposed in a same layer and have a same material, the organic light-emitting layer comprises the anode, a light-emitting layer, and a cathode stacked on each other, the substrate comprises a base substrate, a gate insulation layer, an interlayer dielectric layer, and the source drain layer stacked on each other in the peripheral region, and the planarization layer covers the source drain layer. 15. The display panel according to claim 8, wherein the thin-film packaging layer further comprises at least an organic packaging layer and a second inorganic packaging layer and the organic packaging layer and the second inorganic packaging layer are disposed on a side of the first inorganic packaging layer of the thin-film packaging layer away from the substrate. | 3,700 |
340,794 | 16,642,304 | 3,732 | The present disclosure provides an array substrate and a display panel. The array substrate includes a wiring layer, and a non-wiring layer located on a bottom portion of the wiring layer. The non-wiring layer includes a first film layer and a second film layer, which are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the wiring layer. A refractive index of the second film layer is smaller than a refractive index of the first film layer. | 1. An array substrate, comprising:
a wiring layer; and a non-wiring layer located on a bottom portion of the wiring layer; wherein the non-wiring layer comprises a first film layer and a second film layer, the first film layer and the second film layer are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the wiring layer, and a refractive index of the second film layer is smaller than a refractive index of the first film layer. 2. The array substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first film layer is disposed at the bottom portion of the wiring layer, and the second film layer is disposed adjacent to the first film layer and is located on a bottom portion of the first film layer. 3. The array substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the non-wiring layer further comprises a third film layer, the third film layer is disposed on a top portion of the non-wiring layer, the first film layer is disposed adjacent to the third film layer and is located on a bottom portion of the third film layer, and the second film layer is disposed adjacent to the first film layer and is located on a bottom portion of the first film layer. 4. The array substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the non-wiring layer further comprises a third film layer, the first film layer is disposed on a top portion of the non-wiring layer, the second film layer is disposed adjacent to the first film layer and is located on a bottom portion of the first film layer, and the third film layer is disposed adjacent to the second film layer and is located on a bottom portion of the second film layer. 5. The array substrate as claimed in claim 4, wherein a through hole is provided at a layer being the lowest within the non-wiring layer and the through hole is configured to enhance light transmittance of the non-wiring layer. 6. The array substrate as claimed in claim 5, wherein a region where the through hole locates corresponds to a region where an external camera places. 7. The array substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein a material of the second film layer is one of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or indium tin oxide. 8. The array substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the second film layer ranges from 1.4 to 2.1. 9. A display panel, comprising the array substrate as claimed in claim 1. | The present disclosure provides an array substrate and a display panel. The array substrate includes a wiring layer, and a non-wiring layer located on a bottom portion of the wiring layer. The non-wiring layer includes a first film layer and a second film layer, which are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the wiring layer. A refractive index of the second film layer is smaller than a refractive index of the first film layer.1. An array substrate, comprising:
a wiring layer; and a non-wiring layer located on a bottom portion of the wiring layer; wherein the non-wiring layer comprises a first film layer and a second film layer, the first film layer and the second film layer are sequentially stacked in a direction away from the wiring layer, and a refractive index of the second film layer is smaller than a refractive index of the first film layer. 2. The array substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first film layer is disposed at the bottom portion of the wiring layer, and the second film layer is disposed adjacent to the first film layer and is located on a bottom portion of the first film layer. 3. The array substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the non-wiring layer further comprises a third film layer, the third film layer is disposed on a top portion of the non-wiring layer, the first film layer is disposed adjacent to the third film layer and is located on a bottom portion of the third film layer, and the second film layer is disposed adjacent to the first film layer and is located on a bottom portion of the first film layer. 4. The array substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the non-wiring layer further comprises a third film layer, the first film layer is disposed on a top portion of the non-wiring layer, the second film layer is disposed adjacent to the first film layer and is located on a bottom portion of the first film layer, and the third film layer is disposed adjacent to the second film layer and is located on a bottom portion of the second film layer. 5. The array substrate as claimed in claim 4, wherein a through hole is provided at a layer being the lowest within the non-wiring layer and the through hole is configured to enhance light transmittance of the non-wiring layer. 6. The array substrate as claimed in claim 5, wherein a region where the through hole locates corresponds to a region where an external camera places. 7. The array substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein a material of the second film layer is one of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or indium tin oxide. 8. The array substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the second film layer ranges from 1.4 to 2.1. 9. A display panel, comprising the array substrate as claimed in claim 1. | 3,700 |
340,795 | 16,642,270 | 3,732 | A TLR-9 agonist for use in the treatment of a tumor disease, in particular of colon cancer, and for the modulation of the tumor microenvironment. | 1. A TLR-9 agonist for use in the treatment of a tumor disease, preferably of colon cancer, in a subject in need thereof, said TLR-9 agonist comprises
i. an oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprising at least one unmethylated CG dinucleotide, wherein C is deoxycytidine and G is deoxyguanosine and ii. at least one stretch of at least three, in particular of four, consecutive deoxyguanosines, 2. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to claim 1, wherein the infiltration of the tumor by the CD3+ T cells and/or by the macrophages, preferably M1 macrophages, is stimulated compared with the infiltration without the treatment of the TLR-9 agonist and/or the ratio of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages within the tumor is increased compared to the ratio of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages without the treatment of the TLR-9 agonist. 3. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the CD3+ T cells are CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, preferably CD8+ T cells. 4. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to claim 3, wherein the treatment with said TLR-9 agonist leads to an increased frequency of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+ CD69+ Granzyme B+) within the CD8+ T cell population in the tumor and/or to an increased ratio of CD8+ T cells, preferably of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+ CD69+ Granzyme B+), to regulatory T cells. 5. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the tumor is infiltrated in its periphery and/or its center, preferably in its center. 6. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the tumor is a solid tumor, preferably colon cancer, and the subject to be treated is a human. 7. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the TLR-9 agonist is administered intratumorally or subcutaneously. 8. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one CG dinucleotide is part of a sequence N1N2CGN3N4, wherein N1N2 is AA, TT, GG, GT, GA or AT and N3N4 is CT, TT, TG or GG and C is deoxycytidine, G is deoxyguanosine, A is deoxyadenosine, and T is deoxythymidine. 9. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprises at least one nucleotide in L-configuration, preferably the at least one nucleotide in L-configuration is comprised within the terminal five nucleotides of at least one end of the oligodeoxyribonucleotide, preferably within the terminal five nucleotides of the 3′ end of the oligodeoxyribonucleotide. 10. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprises at least three CG dinucleotides. 11. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the oligodeoxyribonucleotide is single-stranded and/or partially or completely double-stranded. 12. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprises two single-stranded loops and forms the shape of a dumbbell. 13. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to claim 12, wherein all nucleotides are in D-configuration. 14. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to claims 12 or 13 having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3. 15. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to claim 9 having the sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: 5 to SEQ ID NO: 14, preferably of SEQ ID NO: 5. 16. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the subject to be treated has previously received and/or subsequently receives another cancer treatment, preferably a chemotherapeutic and/or a checkpoint inhibitor. 17. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the treatment with said TLR-9 agonist leads to a conversion of a cold tumor into a hot tumor. 18. A TLR-9 agonist for converting a cold tumor into a hot tumor, wherein the TLR-9 agonist comprises
i. an oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprising at least one unmethylated CG dinucleotide, wherein C is deoxycytidine and G is deoxyguanosine and ii. at least one stretch of at least three, in particular of four, consecutive deoxyguanosines and 19. A method for increasing the infiltration of CD3+ T cells, preferably CD8+ T cells, into a tumor, preferably colon cancer, and/or for increasing the frequency of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+ CD69+ Granzyme B+) within the CD8+ T cell population in the tumor and/or for increasing the ratio of CD8+ T cells, preferably of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+ CD69+ Granzyme B+), to regulatory T cells and/or for increasing the infiltration of macrophages, preferably M1 macrophages, into the tumor and/or for increasing a ratio of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages within the tumor comprising administering a TLR-9 agonist to a patient in need thereof, wherein the TLR-9 agonist comprises
i. an oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprising at least one unmethylated CG dinucleotide, wherein C is deoxycytidine and G is deoxyguanosine and ii. at least one stretch of at least three, in particular of four, consecutive deoxyguanosines and wherein the deoxyribose moieties of the oligodeoxyribonucleotide are linked by phosphodiester bonds. 20. Use of a TLR-9 agonist for increasing the infiltration of CD3+ T cells, preferably CD8+ T cells, into a tumor, preferably colon cancer, and/or for increasing the frequency of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+ CD69+ Granzyme B+) within the CD8+ T cell population in the tumor and/or for increasing the ratio of CD8+ T cells, preferably of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+ CD69+ Granzyme B+), to regulatory T cells and/or for increasing the infiltration of macrophages, preferably M1 macrophages, into the tumor and/or for increasing a ratio of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages within the tumor, wherein the TLR-9 agonist comprises
i. an oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprising at least one unmethylated CG dinucleotide, wherein C is deoxycytidine and G is deoxyguanosine and ii. at least one stretch of at least three, in particular of four, consecutive deoxyguanosines and 21. Composition comprising a TLR-9 agonist and a chemotherapeutic and/or a checkpoint inhibitor for use in the treatment of a tumor disease, preferably of colon cancer, in a subject in need thereof, said TLR-9 agonist comprises
i. an oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprising at least one unmethylated CG dinucleotide, wherein C is deoxycytidine and G is deoxyguanosine and ii. at least one stretch of at least three, in particular of four, consecutive deoxyguanosines, 22. A pharmaceutical composition comprising 1 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml, preferably 10 mg/ml to 20 mg/ml, more preferably 15 mg/ml of a TLR-9 agonist, preferably a TLR-9 agonist with all nucleotides in D-configuration, in PBS for use in treating a tumor disease, preferably colon cancer, wherein the PBS has a pH of pH 6 to 8, in particular 7.2 to 7.6, and comprises
6 mg/ml to 12 mg/ml, preferably 8.0 mg/ml of sodium chloride, 0.1 mg/ml to 0.3 mg/ml, preferably 0.2 mg/ml of potassium chloride 0.1 mg/ml to 0.3 mg/ml, preferably 0.2 mg/ml of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1.0 mg/ml to 1.5 mg/ml, preferably 1.15 mg/ml of disodium hydrogen phosphate. | A TLR-9 agonist for use in the treatment of a tumor disease, in particular of colon cancer, and for the modulation of the tumor microenvironment.1. A TLR-9 agonist for use in the treatment of a tumor disease, preferably of colon cancer, in a subject in need thereof, said TLR-9 agonist comprises
i. an oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprising at least one unmethylated CG dinucleotide, wherein C is deoxycytidine and G is deoxyguanosine and ii. at least one stretch of at least three, in particular of four, consecutive deoxyguanosines, 2. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to claim 1, wherein the infiltration of the tumor by the CD3+ T cells and/or by the macrophages, preferably M1 macrophages, is stimulated compared with the infiltration without the treatment of the TLR-9 agonist and/or the ratio of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages within the tumor is increased compared to the ratio of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages without the treatment of the TLR-9 agonist. 3. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the CD3+ T cells are CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, preferably CD8+ T cells. 4. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to claim 3, wherein the treatment with said TLR-9 agonist leads to an increased frequency of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+ CD69+ Granzyme B+) within the CD8+ T cell population in the tumor and/or to an increased ratio of CD8+ T cells, preferably of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+ CD69+ Granzyme B+), to regulatory T cells. 5. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the tumor is infiltrated in its periphery and/or its center, preferably in its center. 6. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the tumor is a solid tumor, preferably colon cancer, and the subject to be treated is a human. 7. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the TLR-9 agonist is administered intratumorally or subcutaneously. 8. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one CG dinucleotide is part of a sequence N1N2CGN3N4, wherein N1N2 is AA, TT, GG, GT, GA or AT and N3N4 is CT, TT, TG or GG and C is deoxycytidine, G is deoxyguanosine, A is deoxyadenosine, and T is deoxythymidine. 9. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprises at least one nucleotide in L-configuration, preferably the at least one nucleotide in L-configuration is comprised within the terminal five nucleotides of at least one end of the oligodeoxyribonucleotide, preferably within the terminal five nucleotides of the 3′ end of the oligodeoxyribonucleotide. 10. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprises at least three CG dinucleotides. 11. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the oligodeoxyribonucleotide is single-stranded and/or partially or completely double-stranded. 12. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprises two single-stranded loops and forms the shape of a dumbbell. 13. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to claim 12, wherein all nucleotides are in D-configuration. 14. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to claims 12 or 13 having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3. 15. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to claim 9 having the sequence of any of SEQ ID NO: 5 to SEQ ID NO: 14, preferably of SEQ ID NO: 5. 16. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the subject to be treated has previously received and/or subsequently receives another cancer treatment, preferably a chemotherapeutic and/or a checkpoint inhibitor. 17. The TLR-9 agonist for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the treatment with said TLR-9 agonist leads to a conversion of a cold tumor into a hot tumor. 18. A TLR-9 agonist for converting a cold tumor into a hot tumor, wherein the TLR-9 agonist comprises
i. an oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprising at least one unmethylated CG dinucleotide, wherein C is deoxycytidine and G is deoxyguanosine and ii. at least one stretch of at least three, in particular of four, consecutive deoxyguanosines and 19. A method for increasing the infiltration of CD3+ T cells, preferably CD8+ T cells, into a tumor, preferably colon cancer, and/or for increasing the frequency of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+ CD69+ Granzyme B+) within the CD8+ T cell population in the tumor and/or for increasing the ratio of CD8+ T cells, preferably of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+ CD69+ Granzyme B+), to regulatory T cells and/or for increasing the infiltration of macrophages, preferably M1 macrophages, into the tumor and/or for increasing a ratio of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages within the tumor comprising administering a TLR-9 agonist to a patient in need thereof, wherein the TLR-9 agonist comprises
i. an oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprising at least one unmethylated CG dinucleotide, wherein C is deoxycytidine and G is deoxyguanosine and ii. at least one stretch of at least three, in particular of four, consecutive deoxyguanosines and wherein the deoxyribose moieties of the oligodeoxyribonucleotide are linked by phosphodiester bonds. 20. Use of a TLR-9 agonist for increasing the infiltration of CD3+ T cells, preferably CD8+ T cells, into a tumor, preferably colon cancer, and/or for increasing the frequency of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+ CD69+ Granzyme B+) within the CD8+ T cell population in the tumor and/or for increasing the ratio of CD8+ T cells, preferably of cytotoxic effector T cells (CD8+ CD69+ Granzyme B+), to regulatory T cells and/or for increasing the infiltration of macrophages, preferably M1 macrophages, into the tumor and/or for increasing a ratio of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages within the tumor, wherein the TLR-9 agonist comprises
i. an oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprising at least one unmethylated CG dinucleotide, wherein C is deoxycytidine and G is deoxyguanosine and ii. at least one stretch of at least three, in particular of four, consecutive deoxyguanosines and 21. Composition comprising a TLR-9 agonist and a chemotherapeutic and/or a checkpoint inhibitor for use in the treatment of a tumor disease, preferably of colon cancer, in a subject in need thereof, said TLR-9 agonist comprises
i. an oligodeoxyribonucleotide comprising at least one unmethylated CG dinucleotide, wherein C is deoxycytidine and G is deoxyguanosine and ii. at least one stretch of at least three, in particular of four, consecutive deoxyguanosines, 22. A pharmaceutical composition comprising 1 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml, preferably 10 mg/ml to 20 mg/ml, more preferably 15 mg/ml of a TLR-9 agonist, preferably a TLR-9 agonist with all nucleotides in D-configuration, in PBS for use in treating a tumor disease, preferably colon cancer, wherein the PBS has a pH of pH 6 to 8, in particular 7.2 to 7.6, and comprises
6 mg/ml to 12 mg/ml, preferably 8.0 mg/ml of sodium chloride, 0.1 mg/ml to 0.3 mg/ml, preferably 0.2 mg/ml of potassium chloride 0.1 mg/ml to 0.3 mg/ml, preferably 0.2 mg/ml of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1.0 mg/ml to 1.5 mg/ml, preferably 1.15 mg/ml of disodium hydrogen phosphate. | 3,700 |
340,796 | 16,642,292 | 3,732 | A computed tomography (CT) detector array (120) includes a monolithic scintillator (124). The monolithic scintillator includes at least a first scintillator region (202), a second scintillator region (206), and an optically reflective barrier (210) therebetween. The detector array is configured to detect X-ray radiation traversing an examination region and impinging the monolithic scintillator and generate first projection data indicative of an energy of x-ray radiation absorbed by the first scintillator region and second projection data indicative of an energy of x-ray radiation traversing the first scintillator and absorbed by the second scintillator region. | 1. A computed tomography detector array, comprising:
a monolithic scintillator that comprises a first scintillator region, a second scintillator region, and an optically reflective barrier therebetween; 2. The detector array according to claim 1, wherein the monolithic scintillator comprises a portion of a physical bulk of scintillator material that is structurally altered by a laser to define the first scintillator region and the second scintillator region. 3. The a detector array according to claim 1, wherein a major surface defined by a volume of the optically reflective barrier is disposed substantially parallel to a surface of the detector array that initially receives incident radiation. 4. The detector array according to claim 2, wherein the scintillator material comprises at least one of:
Gadolinium Oxysulfide (GOS, Gd2O2S), Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12), Cerium doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet, (CE YAG, Ce Y3Al5O12), Gadolinium Aluminum Gallium Garnet (GAGG Gd3Al2GA3O12), Cerium doped Gadolinium Aluminum Gallium Garnet (CE GAGG, Ce Gd3Al2GA3O12), Zinc Selenide (ZnSe), and Cadmium Tungstate (CdWO4). 5. The detector array according to claim 1, wherein the monolithic scintillator comprises a portion of a single bulk scintillator material of a plurality of detector elements, each monolithic scintillator of each detector element with a plurality of regions. 6. The detector array according to claim 1, wherein the monolithic scintillator is disposed adjacent to an array of photosensors, wherein the array of photosensors is disposed in a plane perpendicular to a surface of the detector array that initially receives X-ray radiation. 7. The detector array according to claim 1, wherein the monolithic scintillator is disposed between two arrays of photosensors, wherein each of the two arrays of photosensors is disposed in a plane parallel to a surface of the detector array that initially receives X-ray radiation. 8. A computed tomography system, comprising:
an X-ray radiation source configured to emit X-ray radiation that traverses an examination region; and a detector array located opposite the X-ray radiation source across the examination region and comprising a monolithic scintillator that comprises at least a first scintillator region, a second scintillator region, and an optically reflective barrier therebetween; wherein the detector array is configured to detect X-ray radiation traversing the examination region and impinging the monolithic scintillator and generate first projection data indicative of an energy of x-ray radiation absorbed by the first scintillator region and second projection data indicative of an energy of x-ray radiation traversing the first scintillator and absorbed by the second scintillator region. 9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the monolithic scintillator comprises a portion of a physical bulk of scintillator material that is structurally altered by a laser to define the first scintillator region and the second scintillator region. 10. The system according to claim 8, wherein a major surface of a volume defining the optically reflective barrier is disposed substantially parallel to a surface of the detector array that initially receives the X-ray radiation. 11. The system according to claim 8, wherein the scintillator material comprises at least one of:
Gadolinium Oxysulfide (GOS, Gd2O2S), Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12), Cerium doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet, (CE YAG, Ce Y3Al5O12), Gadolinium Aluminium Gallium Garnet (GAGG Gd3Al2GA3O12), Cerium doped Gadolinium Aluminum Gallium Garnet (CE GAGG, Ce Gd3Al2GA3O12), Zinc Selenide (ZnSe), and Cadmium Tungstate (CdWO4). 12. The system according to claim 8, wherein the monolithic scintillator comprises a portion of a single bulk scintillator material of a plurality of detector elements, each monolithic scintillator of each detector element with a plurality of regions. 13. The system according to claim 8, wherein the monolithic scintillator is disposed adjacent to an array of photosensors, wherein the array of photosensors is disposed in a plane perpendicular to a surface of the detector array that initially receives the X-ray radiation. 14. The system according to claim 8, wherein the monolithic scintillator is disposed between two arrays of photosensors, wherein each of the two arrays of photosensors is disposed in a plane parallel to a surface of the detector array that receives the X-ray radiation. 15. A method of manufacturing a computed tomography radiation detecting apparatus, comprising:
altering a crystal structure of a portion of a single physical bulk of scintillator material by a focused laser to define a plurality of regions of a monolithic scintillator while maintaining the single physical bulk as a physically connected crystal structure, wherein the altered portion comprises a volume with a major surface and the major surface oriented parallel to a surface of the detecting apparatus configured to initially receive X-ray radiation. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the altered portion of the single physical bulk further comprises a volume with a surface which is an exterior surface of the single physical bulk. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein a direction of the laser is oriented parallel or perpendicular to a plane perpendicular to the surface of the detecting apparatus configured to initially receive X-ray radiation. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the portion of the single physical bulk of scintillator material altered comprises two volumes with major surfaces parallel to the surface of the detecting apparatus configured to initially receive incident radiation, and the major surfaces are parallel and separated by a distance between approximately 2 microns and 100 microns. 19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the single physical bulk of scintillator material comprises a plurality of monolithic scintillators in a one dimensional array of monolithic scintillators, each monolithic scintillator with the plurality of regions; and further comprising:
aligning and affixing the single physical bulk of scintillator material to a photosensor array, wherein the photosensor array is oriented perpendicular to the surface of the detecting apparatus configured to initially receive X-ray radiation. 20. The method according to claim 15, wherein the single physical bulk of scintillator material comprises a plurality of monolithic scintillators in a two dimensional array of scintillators, each monolithic scintillator with two regions; and further comprising:
aligning and affixing the single physical bulk of scintillator material between two photosensor arrays, wherein each of the two photosensor arrays is oriented parallel to the surface of the detecting apparatus configured to initially receive X-ray radiation. | A computed tomography (CT) detector array (120) includes a monolithic scintillator (124). The monolithic scintillator includes at least a first scintillator region (202), a second scintillator region (206), and an optically reflective barrier (210) therebetween. The detector array is configured to detect X-ray radiation traversing an examination region and impinging the monolithic scintillator and generate first projection data indicative of an energy of x-ray radiation absorbed by the first scintillator region and second projection data indicative of an energy of x-ray radiation traversing the first scintillator and absorbed by the second scintillator region.1. A computed tomography detector array, comprising:
a monolithic scintillator that comprises a first scintillator region, a second scintillator region, and an optically reflective barrier therebetween; 2. The detector array according to claim 1, wherein the monolithic scintillator comprises a portion of a physical bulk of scintillator material that is structurally altered by a laser to define the first scintillator region and the second scintillator region. 3. The a detector array according to claim 1, wherein a major surface defined by a volume of the optically reflective barrier is disposed substantially parallel to a surface of the detector array that initially receives incident radiation. 4. The detector array according to claim 2, wherein the scintillator material comprises at least one of:
Gadolinium Oxysulfide (GOS, Gd2O2S), Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12), Cerium doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet, (CE YAG, Ce Y3Al5O12), Gadolinium Aluminum Gallium Garnet (GAGG Gd3Al2GA3O12), Cerium doped Gadolinium Aluminum Gallium Garnet (CE GAGG, Ce Gd3Al2GA3O12), Zinc Selenide (ZnSe), and Cadmium Tungstate (CdWO4). 5. The detector array according to claim 1, wherein the monolithic scintillator comprises a portion of a single bulk scintillator material of a plurality of detector elements, each monolithic scintillator of each detector element with a plurality of regions. 6. The detector array according to claim 1, wherein the monolithic scintillator is disposed adjacent to an array of photosensors, wherein the array of photosensors is disposed in a plane perpendicular to a surface of the detector array that initially receives X-ray radiation. 7. The detector array according to claim 1, wherein the monolithic scintillator is disposed between two arrays of photosensors, wherein each of the two arrays of photosensors is disposed in a plane parallel to a surface of the detector array that initially receives X-ray radiation. 8. A computed tomography system, comprising:
an X-ray radiation source configured to emit X-ray radiation that traverses an examination region; and a detector array located opposite the X-ray radiation source across the examination region and comprising a monolithic scintillator that comprises at least a first scintillator region, a second scintillator region, and an optically reflective barrier therebetween; wherein the detector array is configured to detect X-ray radiation traversing the examination region and impinging the monolithic scintillator and generate first projection data indicative of an energy of x-ray radiation absorbed by the first scintillator region and second projection data indicative of an energy of x-ray radiation traversing the first scintillator and absorbed by the second scintillator region. 9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the monolithic scintillator comprises a portion of a physical bulk of scintillator material that is structurally altered by a laser to define the first scintillator region and the second scintillator region. 10. The system according to claim 8, wherein a major surface of a volume defining the optically reflective barrier is disposed substantially parallel to a surface of the detector array that initially receives the X-ray radiation. 11. The system according to claim 8, wherein the scintillator material comprises at least one of:
Gadolinium Oxysulfide (GOS, Gd2O2S), Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12), Cerium doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet, (CE YAG, Ce Y3Al5O12), Gadolinium Aluminium Gallium Garnet (GAGG Gd3Al2GA3O12), Cerium doped Gadolinium Aluminum Gallium Garnet (CE GAGG, Ce Gd3Al2GA3O12), Zinc Selenide (ZnSe), and Cadmium Tungstate (CdWO4). 12. The system according to claim 8, wherein the monolithic scintillator comprises a portion of a single bulk scintillator material of a plurality of detector elements, each monolithic scintillator of each detector element with a plurality of regions. 13. The system according to claim 8, wherein the monolithic scintillator is disposed adjacent to an array of photosensors, wherein the array of photosensors is disposed in a plane perpendicular to a surface of the detector array that initially receives the X-ray radiation. 14. The system according to claim 8, wherein the monolithic scintillator is disposed between two arrays of photosensors, wherein each of the two arrays of photosensors is disposed in a plane parallel to a surface of the detector array that receives the X-ray radiation. 15. A method of manufacturing a computed tomography radiation detecting apparatus, comprising:
altering a crystal structure of a portion of a single physical bulk of scintillator material by a focused laser to define a plurality of regions of a monolithic scintillator while maintaining the single physical bulk as a physically connected crystal structure, wherein the altered portion comprises a volume with a major surface and the major surface oriented parallel to a surface of the detecting apparatus configured to initially receive X-ray radiation. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the altered portion of the single physical bulk further comprises a volume with a surface which is an exterior surface of the single physical bulk. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein a direction of the laser is oriented parallel or perpendicular to a plane perpendicular to the surface of the detecting apparatus configured to initially receive X-ray radiation. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the portion of the single physical bulk of scintillator material altered comprises two volumes with major surfaces parallel to the surface of the detecting apparatus configured to initially receive incident radiation, and the major surfaces are parallel and separated by a distance between approximately 2 microns and 100 microns. 19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the single physical bulk of scintillator material comprises a plurality of monolithic scintillators in a one dimensional array of monolithic scintillators, each monolithic scintillator with the plurality of regions; and further comprising:
aligning and affixing the single physical bulk of scintillator material to a photosensor array, wherein the photosensor array is oriented perpendicular to the surface of the detecting apparatus configured to initially receive X-ray radiation. 20. The method according to claim 15, wherein the single physical bulk of scintillator material comprises a plurality of monolithic scintillators in a two dimensional array of scintillators, each monolithic scintillator with two regions; and further comprising:
aligning and affixing the single physical bulk of scintillator material between two photosensor arrays, wherein each of the two photosensor arrays is oriented parallel to the surface of the detecting apparatus configured to initially receive X-ray radiation. | 3,700 |
340,797 | 16,642,306 | 3,732 | Systems and methods are provided for improving nutritional element content estimates from one or more individuals and/or determining a therapy or treatment based on a nutritional element content estimate and improving diabetes management. The systems and methods include a therapy or treatment display based on at least one nutritional element content estimate and at least one proficiency index respectively assigned to an individual to improve accuracy and reliability when estimating nutritional element content in foods and/or therapy or treatment based therefrom. | 1. An improved graphical user interface (GUI) of a nutritional estimation tool on an electronic device with a memory and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory for determining a therapy or treatment based on a nutritional element content estimate and improving diabetes management, the improved GUI operatively coupled to the one or more processors, the improved GUI comprising:
a therapy or treatment display based on at least one nutritional element content estimate and at least one proficiency index to improve accuracy and reliability when estimating nutritional element content in foods and therapy or treatment based therefrom; wherein the one or more processors are adapted to execute computer implemented instructions to:
receive a plurality of nutritional element content estimates of a food image from a plurality of individuals correlated to a respective plurality of proficiency indexes, wherein each nutritional element content estimate from an individual is correlated to a respective proficiency index for the individual corresponding to a pre-determined ability of the individual to accurately and reliably provide the nutritional element content estimate in the food image;
calculate a weighted average of the nutritional element content estimates based on the respective plurality of proficiency indexes;
display the weighted average on the improved GUI; and
adjust the treatment or therapy display based on the weighted average. 2. The improved GUI of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further adapted to execute computer implemented instructions to:
select a selected portion of the plurality of nutritional element content estimates received from the plurality of individuals that correlates to a respective plurality of proficiency indexes that are each above a predetermined threshold; and calculate the weighted average of the nutritional element content estimates based on the selected portion of the plurality of nutritional element content estimates. 3. The improved GUI of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are operatively coupled to at least one of a blood glucose meter and an insulin pump, the one or more processors are further adapted to execute computer implemented instructions to:
adjust the treatment or therapy for a disease or a disorder for the individual based upon the treatment or therapy display. 4. The improved GUI of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are further adapted to execute computer implemented instructions to:
adjust the treatment or therapy through one of an increase or a decrease of an amount of insulin in an adjusted insulin dose; and administer the adjusted insulin dose to the individual through the insulin pump. 5. The improved GUI of claim 1, wherein the weighted average of the nutritional element content estimates is from a minimum of N individuals. 6. The improved GUI of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further adapted to execute computer implemented instructions to:
display a confidence indicator of the weighted average of the nutritional element content estimates together with the weighted average to convey an expected reliability of the weighted average. 7. The improved GUI of claim 1, wherein each proficiency index is a quantitative proficiency index comprising an expertness quotient (EQ) calculated according to the following: 8. An improved graphical user interface (GUI) of a nutritional estimation tool on an electronic device with a memory and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory for determining a therapy or treatment based on a nutritional element content estimate and improving diabetes management, the improved GUI operatively coupled to the one or more processors, the improved GUI comprising:
a therapy or treatment display based on at least one nutritional element content estimate and at least one proficiency index to improve accuracy and reliability when estimating nutritional element content in foods and therapy or treatment based therefrom; wherein the one or more processors are adapted to execute computer implemented instructions to:
receive from an individual at least one nutritional element content estimate of a food image as a test;
determine one or more deviation factors from the at least one nutritional element content estimate and a corresponding predetermined nutritional element content of the food image;
assign the at least one proficiency index to the individual based upon the one or more deviation factors; and
adjust the treatment or therapy display based on at least one nutritional element content estimate and at least one proficiency index. 9. The improved GUI of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are operatively coupled to at least one of a blood glucose meter and an insulin pump, the one or more processors are further adapted to execute computer implemented instructions to:
adjust the treatment or therapy for a disease or a disorder for the individual based upon the treatment or therapy display. 10. The improved GUI of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are further adapted to execute computer implemented instructions to:
adjust the treatment or therapy through one of an increase or a decrease of an amount of insulin in an adjusted insulin dose; and administer the adjusted insulin dose to the individual through the insulin pump. 11. The improved GUI of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further adapted to execute computer implemented instructions to:
re-test the individual and re-assign the proficiency index to the individual after a predetermined period of time. 12. The improved GUI of claim 8, wherein the proficiency index is a quantitative proficiency index comprising an expertness quotient (EQ) calculated according to the following: 13. A method of assigning to an individual a proficiency index for estimating nutritional element content of foods and utilizing the proficiency index to improve reliability and accuracy when estimating nutritional element content in foods and a therapy or treatment display based therefrom, the method comprising the steps of:
displaying to the individual through a graphical user interface (GUI) a testing plurality of food images to test the individual on estimating nutritional element content in foods, wherein nutritional element content of one or more nutritional elements in each food image is predetermined and not displayed; receiving from the individual nutritional element content estimates of nutritional elements in the testing plurality of food images; determining one or more deviation factors from at least one nutritional element content estimate and a corresponding predetermined nutritional element content of the one or more nutritional elements in each food image; assigning the proficiency index of the individual based upon the one or more deviation factors; and adjusting a treatment or therapy display on the GUI for a food associated with a food image based on at least one nutritional element content estimate of the food image received from the individual and the proficiency index assigned to the individual. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
displaying to the individual through the GUI a training plurality of food images to train the individual on estimating nutritional element content in foods, wherein nutritional element content of one or more nutritional elements in each food image is predetermined and displayed. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
displaying to the individual through the GUI a training plurality of food images to train the individual on estimating nutritional element content in foods, wherein nutritional element content of one or more nutritional elements in each food image is predetermined and not displayed; receiving from the individual through the GUI nutritional element content estimates of the training plurality of food images; and displaying to the individual the predetermined nutritional element content of the one or more nutritional elements in the training plurality of food images to permit learning or correcting. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the proficiency index is a qualitative proficiency index associated with a level of expertise selected from one of an expert estimator, an experienced estimator, and a beginner estimator. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein a deviation factor of the one or more deviation factors for the expert estimator is 0-10, a deviation factor of the one or more deviation factors for the experienced estimator is 11-50, and a deviation factor of the one or more deviation factors for the beginner estimator is 51 and above. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the proficiency index is a quantitative proficiency index comprising an expertness quotient (EQ) calculated according to the following: 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the testing plurality of food images is in a range of from about five food images to about 50 food images. 20. The method of claim 13, further comprising re-testing and re-assigning the proficiency index of the individual after a predetermined period of time. | Systems and methods are provided for improving nutritional element content estimates from one or more individuals and/or determining a therapy or treatment based on a nutritional element content estimate and improving diabetes management. The systems and methods include a therapy or treatment display based on at least one nutritional element content estimate and at least one proficiency index respectively assigned to an individual to improve accuracy and reliability when estimating nutritional element content in foods and/or therapy or treatment based therefrom.1. An improved graphical user interface (GUI) of a nutritional estimation tool on an electronic device with a memory and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory for determining a therapy or treatment based on a nutritional element content estimate and improving diabetes management, the improved GUI operatively coupled to the one or more processors, the improved GUI comprising:
a therapy or treatment display based on at least one nutritional element content estimate and at least one proficiency index to improve accuracy and reliability when estimating nutritional element content in foods and therapy or treatment based therefrom; wherein the one or more processors are adapted to execute computer implemented instructions to:
receive a plurality of nutritional element content estimates of a food image from a plurality of individuals correlated to a respective plurality of proficiency indexes, wherein each nutritional element content estimate from an individual is correlated to a respective proficiency index for the individual corresponding to a pre-determined ability of the individual to accurately and reliably provide the nutritional element content estimate in the food image;
calculate a weighted average of the nutritional element content estimates based on the respective plurality of proficiency indexes;
display the weighted average on the improved GUI; and
adjust the treatment or therapy display based on the weighted average. 2. The improved GUI of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further adapted to execute computer implemented instructions to:
select a selected portion of the plurality of nutritional element content estimates received from the plurality of individuals that correlates to a respective plurality of proficiency indexes that are each above a predetermined threshold; and calculate the weighted average of the nutritional element content estimates based on the selected portion of the plurality of nutritional element content estimates. 3. The improved GUI of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are operatively coupled to at least one of a blood glucose meter and an insulin pump, the one or more processors are further adapted to execute computer implemented instructions to:
adjust the treatment or therapy for a disease or a disorder for the individual based upon the treatment or therapy display. 4. The improved GUI of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are further adapted to execute computer implemented instructions to:
adjust the treatment or therapy through one of an increase or a decrease of an amount of insulin in an adjusted insulin dose; and administer the adjusted insulin dose to the individual through the insulin pump. 5. The improved GUI of claim 1, wherein the weighted average of the nutritional element content estimates is from a minimum of N individuals. 6. The improved GUI of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further adapted to execute computer implemented instructions to:
display a confidence indicator of the weighted average of the nutritional element content estimates together with the weighted average to convey an expected reliability of the weighted average. 7. The improved GUI of claim 1, wherein each proficiency index is a quantitative proficiency index comprising an expertness quotient (EQ) calculated according to the following: 8. An improved graphical user interface (GUI) of a nutritional estimation tool on an electronic device with a memory and one or more processors to execute one or more programs stored in the memory for determining a therapy or treatment based on a nutritional element content estimate and improving diabetes management, the improved GUI operatively coupled to the one or more processors, the improved GUI comprising:
a therapy or treatment display based on at least one nutritional element content estimate and at least one proficiency index to improve accuracy and reliability when estimating nutritional element content in foods and therapy or treatment based therefrom; wherein the one or more processors are adapted to execute computer implemented instructions to:
receive from an individual at least one nutritional element content estimate of a food image as a test;
determine one or more deviation factors from the at least one nutritional element content estimate and a corresponding predetermined nutritional element content of the food image;
assign the at least one proficiency index to the individual based upon the one or more deviation factors; and
adjust the treatment or therapy display based on at least one nutritional element content estimate and at least one proficiency index. 9. The improved GUI of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are operatively coupled to at least one of a blood glucose meter and an insulin pump, the one or more processors are further adapted to execute computer implemented instructions to:
adjust the treatment or therapy for a disease or a disorder for the individual based upon the treatment or therapy display. 10. The improved GUI of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are further adapted to execute computer implemented instructions to:
adjust the treatment or therapy through one of an increase or a decrease of an amount of insulin in an adjusted insulin dose; and administer the adjusted insulin dose to the individual through the insulin pump. 11. The improved GUI of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors are further adapted to execute computer implemented instructions to:
re-test the individual and re-assign the proficiency index to the individual after a predetermined period of time. 12. The improved GUI of claim 8, wherein the proficiency index is a quantitative proficiency index comprising an expertness quotient (EQ) calculated according to the following: 13. A method of assigning to an individual a proficiency index for estimating nutritional element content of foods and utilizing the proficiency index to improve reliability and accuracy when estimating nutritional element content in foods and a therapy or treatment display based therefrom, the method comprising the steps of:
displaying to the individual through a graphical user interface (GUI) a testing plurality of food images to test the individual on estimating nutritional element content in foods, wherein nutritional element content of one or more nutritional elements in each food image is predetermined and not displayed; receiving from the individual nutritional element content estimates of nutritional elements in the testing plurality of food images; determining one or more deviation factors from at least one nutritional element content estimate and a corresponding predetermined nutritional element content of the one or more nutritional elements in each food image; assigning the proficiency index of the individual based upon the one or more deviation factors; and adjusting a treatment or therapy display on the GUI for a food associated with a food image based on at least one nutritional element content estimate of the food image received from the individual and the proficiency index assigned to the individual. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
displaying to the individual through the GUI a training plurality of food images to train the individual on estimating nutritional element content in foods, wherein nutritional element content of one or more nutritional elements in each food image is predetermined and displayed. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
displaying to the individual through the GUI a training plurality of food images to train the individual on estimating nutritional element content in foods, wherein nutritional element content of one or more nutritional elements in each food image is predetermined and not displayed; receiving from the individual through the GUI nutritional element content estimates of the training plurality of food images; and displaying to the individual the predetermined nutritional element content of the one or more nutritional elements in the training plurality of food images to permit learning or correcting. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the proficiency index is a qualitative proficiency index associated with a level of expertise selected from one of an expert estimator, an experienced estimator, and a beginner estimator. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein a deviation factor of the one or more deviation factors for the expert estimator is 0-10, a deviation factor of the one or more deviation factors for the experienced estimator is 11-50, and a deviation factor of the one or more deviation factors for the beginner estimator is 51 and above. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the proficiency index is a quantitative proficiency index comprising an expertness quotient (EQ) calculated according to the following: 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the testing plurality of food images is in a range of from about five food images to about 50 food images. 20. The method of claim 13, further comprising re-testing and re-assigning the proficiency index of the individual after a predetermined period of time. | 3,700 |
340,798 | 16,642,324 | 3,732 | Methods, systems, devices and computer software/program code products enable efficient handling and remedying of unreliable sensor data, such as data captured by cameras in a virtual 3-dimensional (V3D) imaging or communications system; and enable, in a visual communications system involving a plurality of display devices usable by respective users, synchronization to a common space, and display of images by a receiving device in an orientation independent of the angle at which the receiving device is held. | 1. A method for generating rich scene information representative of a scene, the method comprising:
in a digital processing resource comprising at least one digital processor; (1) receiving data from at least one sensor, the data being at least in part representative of the scene; (2) detecting reliability of the sensor data, thereby generating reliability information; (3) remedying unreliable sensor data to generate remedied data; and (4) generating rich scene information from (A) the sensor data, including remedied data, and (B) the reliability information. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: reconstructing the scene as viewed from a virtual viewpoint, based on the rich scene information. 3. The method of claims 1 or 2, wherein the sensors comprise at least one stereo pair of cameras. 4. The method of claims 1 or 2, wherein the rich scene information comprises depth information. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the depth information is obtained by stereo disparity analysis. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein detecting reliability of the sensor data comprises utilizing a heuristic. 7. The method of claim 1 or 6, wherein detecting reliability of the sensor data comprises: comparing the output of a sensor to the output from one or more additional sensors. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the comparing comprises comparing sub-sections of data independently. 9. The method of claim 7 wherein the comparing utilizes at least one histogram. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the histograms pertain to depth data. 11. The method of claim 9 wherein the histograms pertain to stereo disparity data. 12. The method of claim 7 wherein the comparing comprises generating an average. 13. The method of claim 7 wherein the comparing comprises comparing luminance data from one or more cameras. 14. The method of claim 7 wherein the comparing comprises comparing color data from one or more cameras. 15. The method of claim 1 further comprising: determining whether a sensor is occluded. 16. The method of claim 1 further comprising: identifying invalid patterns in the received data. 17. The method of claim 1 wherein the remedying comprises: excluding unreliable data. 18. The method of claim 1 wherein the remedying comprises: reducing the contribution from unreliable sensor data into the rich scene information. 19. The method of claim 1 wherein the remedying comprises notifying a user of unreliable data. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein the remedying comprises notifying a user, via a display, of unreliable data. 21. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one sensor is associated with a device containing the at least one sensor and a display, and the remedying comprises notifying the user, via the display, of unreliable data. 22. The method of claim 19 wherein the remedying comprises: presenting, to the user, intuitive visual cues via the display, the intuitive visual cues being configured so as to tend to direct the user to act in a manner to resolve a condition causing unreliable data. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the intuitive visual cues are applied via the display, to a region of an image of the scene, the region being associated with the unreliable data. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the intuitive visual cues comprise a visual effect. 25. The method of claim 24 wherein the visual effect is applied more strongly in response to greater unreliability. 26. The method of claim 24 wherein the visual effect comprises a blur effect. 27. The method of claim 1 further comprising: transmitting the rich scene information to a remote device, the remote device being a device remote from the scene and operable to receive transmitted rich scene information. 28. The method of claim 27 wherein the at least one sensor is associated with a capturing device, the capturing device being operable to transmit any of sensor data and rich scene information, and wherein the remote device notifies the capturing device of unreliable transmitted data representative of the scene. 29. The method of claim 28 wherein the capturing device presents an indication of unreliable transmitted data. 30. The method of claim 28 wherein the remote device presents an indication of unreliable received data. 31. The method of claim 29 wherein the indication of unreliable data presented by the capturing device correlates with an indication of unreliable data presented by the remote device. 32. The method of claim 29 wherein the indication of unreliable data presented by the capturing device is configured so as to tend to direct a user of the capturing device to remedy an occluded sensor. 33. A visual communications method, the method comprising:
configuring at least one transmitting device to be operable to: (1) capture first scene information, representative of a scene, generated by at least one sensor associated with the transmitting device; (2) capture originating environmental parameters; (3) process the first scene information to generate rich scene information; and (4) transmit the rich scene information to at least one receiving device; and configuring the at least one receiving device to be operable to: (1) capture destination environmental parameters; (2) receive the rich scene information from the at least one transmitting device; (3) interpret the rich scene information; and (4) present the scene, based at least in part on the rich scene information. 34. The method of claim 33 wherein presenting the scene comprises displaying at least one image of the scene, via a display element operable to communicate with the receiving device, based at least in part on the rich scene information. 35. The method of claim 33 wherein the originating environmental parameters comprise parameters associated with the scene. 36. The method of claim 33 wherein the originating environmental parameters comprise parameters associated with the transmitting device. 37. The method of claim 33 wherein the destination environmental parameters comprise parameters associated with the environment proximate the receiving device. 38. The method of claim 33 wherein the destination environmental parameters comprise parameters associated with the receiving device. 39. The method of claim 33, wherein the transmitting device transmits the originating environmental parameters to the receiving device, and the receiving device utilizes the originating environmental parameters in presenting the scene. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the receiving device transmits the destination environmental parameters to the transmitting device, and the transmitting device utilizes the destination environmental parameters in processing the first scene information to generate rich scene information. 41. The method of claim 33, 39 or 40 wherein the processing comprises data compression. 42. The method of claim 33, 39 or 40 wherein the interpreting comprises data decompression. 43. The method of claim 33, 39 or 40 wherein the environmental parameters comprise an orientation vector. 44. The method of claim 43 wherein an orientation vector is measured utilizing any of an accelerometer, gyroscope, compass, GPS (global positioning system), other spatial sensor, or combination of spatial sensors. 45. The method of claim 44 wherein an orientation vector is substantially constrained with respect to a given device, but can be altered in response to a substantial change in data from a spatial sensor. 46. The method of claim 45 wherein the spatial sensor comprises any of an accelerometer, gyroscope, compass, GPS, other spatial sensor, or combination of spatial sensors. 47. The method of claim 44 wherein an orientation vector is permitted to move to align with the orientation of an associated device in a gravity field. 48. The method of claim 44 further comprising: applying a selected smoothing process to smooth high frequency changes to an orientation vector. 49. The method of claim 48 further comprising: configuring control logic to be operable to apply the selected smoothing process. 50. The method of claim 36 wherein an orientation vector can be at least in part controlled by a user through a user interface. 51. The method of claim 43 or 44 wherein an orientation vector is derived from the rich scene information. 52. The method of claim 44 wherein the processing comprises rotating or transforming the rich scene information with respect to an orientation vector. 53. The method of claim 44 wherein the interpreting comprises rotating or transforming the rich scene information with respect to an orientation vector. 54. The method of claim 44 wherein the interpreting or the processing utilizes orientation vectors from more than one device. 55. The method of claim 44 wherein the interpreting or the processing utilizes the difference between orientation vectors from more than one device. 56. The method of claim 44 wherein at least one device rotates or transforms the scene information, and wherein the receiving device presents the scene with a consistent, defined downward orientation that is substantially aligned with a selected axis of the transmitting device or devices, irrespective of the rotation of the devices. 57. The method of claim 33 wherein the receiving device presents at least one image of the scene via a display element. 58. The method of claim 57 wherein the display element is a Head-Mounted Display (HMD). 59. The method of claim 57 wherein the display element comprises a display screen on a hand-held device. 60. The method of claim 57 wherein the display element comprises any of a desktop display screen, freestanding display screen, wall mounted display screen, surface mounted display screen or outdoor display screen. 61. The method of claims 57-60 wherein the transmitting device is operable to generate a feedback view that presents feedback to a user of the transmitting device. 62. The method of claim 61 wherein the feedback comprises an image of the scene. 63. The method of claim 62 wherein the receiving device presents a different portion of the scene from the portion presented by the feedback view of the transmitting device. 64. The method of claim 63 further comprising: enabling a user of a receiving device to select the portion of the scene presented by the receiving device. 65. The method of claim 33 further comprising: enabling a user of a receiving device to select a gaze direction to change a virtual viewpoint, thereby to control the viewpoint of the scene presented by the receiving device. 66. The method of claim 65 further comprising: enabling a user to select a gaze direction by utilizing a touch screen interface associated with the receiving device. 67. The method of claim 65 wherein a gaze direction can be controlled at least in part by the output of an accelerometer, gyroscope, compass, GPS, other spatial sensor, or combination of spatial sensors. 68. The method of claim 65 further comprising: enabling a user of the receiving device to control gaze direction by executing a user gesture observable by a non-contact sensor associated with the receiving device. 69. The method of claim 65 wherein gaze direction can be changed by the physical position of a user relative to a physical position of a receiving device. 70. The method of claim 33 wherein a user of a receiving device can change the focus of a virtual camera that defines a perspective of a displayed image of the scene. 71. The method of claim 70 wherein the focus can be changed by the user selecting a region of a displayed image to bring into sharp focus. 72. The method of claim 70 further comprising: enabling a user of the receiving device to change focus by executing a user gesture observable by a non-contact sensor associated with the receiving device. 73. The method of claim 33 further comprising: enabling a user of the receiving device to change a field of view of a displayed image. 74. The method of claim 73 further comprising: enabling a user of the receiving device to change field of view by executing a gesture on a touch screen associated with the receiving device. 75. The method of claim 73 wherein the field of view is changeable by motion of a device, the motion being detected by an accelerometer, gyroscope, compass, GPS, other spatial sensor, or combination of spatial sensors. 76. The method of claim 73 further comprising: enabling the user to change the field of view by executing a gesture observable by a non-contact sensor associated with the receiving device. 77. The method of claim 73 wherein the field of view can be changed by the physical position of a user, relative to the physical position of a receiving device. 78. The method of claim 33 further comprising: enabling a user of a receiving device to change an image zoom parameter. 79. The method of claim 78 further comprising: enabling a user of a receiving device to change a zoom parameter by executing a gesture on a touch screen associated with the receiving device. 80. The method of claim 78 wherein the zoom can be changed by motion of a device, the motion being detected by an accelerometer, gyroscope, compass, GPS (global positioning system), other spatial sensor, or combination of spatial sensors. 81. The method of claim 78 further comprising: enabling a user of a receiving device to change a zoom parameter by executing a gesture observable by non-contact sensors associated with the receiving device. 82. The method of claim 78 wherein the zoom is controllable by the physical position of a user, relative to the physical position of a receiving device. 83. The method of claim 33 further comprising: configuring the receiving device to be operable to attempt to preserve the spatial topology of the scene captured by the transmitting device. 84. The method of claim 33 wherein a device is operable to apply a scale factor to the rich scene information. 85. The method of claim 84 further comprising: enabling a user to modify the scale factor via an interface. 86. The method of claim 33 wherein, in a plurality of receiving devices and transmitting devices, at least one receiving device is operable to additionally function as a transmitting device, and at least one transmitting device is operable to additionally function as a receiving device. 87. The method of claim 33, 39 or 40 wherein, in a plurality of transmitting devices and receiving devices, some of the devices do not comprise the same sensors or capabilities as the other device or devices. 88. A system for generating rich scene information representative of a scene, the system comprising:
(A) a digital processing resource comprising at least one digital processor, and (B) at least one sensor operable to generate sensor data in response to sensed conditions and to communicate the sensor data to the digital processing resource; the digital processing resource being configured to: (1) receive sensor data from the at least one sensor, the data being at least in part representative of the scene; (2) detect reliability of the received sensor data, thereby generating reliability information; (3) remedy unreliable data to generate remedied data; and (4) generate rich scene information from (A) the sensor data, including remedied data, and (B) the reliability information. 89. A visual communications system, the system comprising:
(A) a transmitting device; and (B) a receiving device operable to communicate with the transmitting device; the transmitting device being configured to be operable to: (1) capture first scene information, representative of a scene, generated by at least one sensor associated with the transmitting device; (2) capture originating environmental parameters; (3) process the first scene information to generate rich scene information; and (4) transmit the rich scene information to the receiving device; and the receiving device being configured to be operable to: (1) capture destination environmental parameters; (2) receive the rich scene information transmitted by the transmitting device; (3) interpret the rich scene information; and (4) present the scene, based at least in part on the rich scene information. 90. The system of claim 89 wherein the scene is presented via a display element operable to communicate with the receiving device. 91. A program product for use with a digital processing system, the digital processing system comprising a digital processing resource comprising at least one digital processor, the digital processing resource being operable to communicate with at least one sensor operable to (i) generate sensor data in response to sensed conditions and (ii) communicate the sensor data to the digital processing resource, the program product comprising digital processor-executable program instructions stored on a non-transitory digital processor-readable medium, which when executed in the digital processing resource cause the digital processing resource to:
(1) receive sensor data from the at least one sensor; (2) detect reliability of the received sensor data, thereby generating reliability information; (3) remedy the unreliable data to generate remedied data; and (4) generate rich scene information from (A) the sensor data, including remedied data, and (B) the reliability information. 92. A program product for use with a digital processing system, the digital processing system comprising a digital processing resource, the digital processing resource comprising at least one digital processor in any of a digital transmitting device or a digital receiving device operable to communicate with the digital transmitting device, the program product comprising digital processor-executable program instructions stored on a non-transitory digital processor-readable medium, which when executed in the digital processing resource cause the digital processing resource to:
configure the transmitting device to be operable to: (1) capture first scene information, representative of a scene, through at least one sensor associated with the transmitting device; (2) capture originating environmental parameters; (3) process the first scene information to generate rich scene information; and (4) transmit the rich scene information to the receiving device; and configure the receiving device to be operable to: (1) capture destination environmental parameters; (2) receive the rich scene information transmitted by the transmitting device; (3) interpret the rich scene information; and (4) present the scene, based at least in part on the rich scene information. 93. The program product of claim 92 wherein the scene is presented via a display element operable to communicate with the receiving device. | Methods, systems, devices and computer software/program code products enable efficient handling and remedying of unreliable sensor data, such as data captured by cameras in a virtual 3-dimensional (V3D) imaging or communications system; and enable, in a visual communications system involving a plurality of display devices usable by respective users, synchronization to a common space, and display of images by a receiving device in an orientation independent of the angle at which the receiving device is held.1. A method for generating rich scene information representative of a scene, the method comprising:
in a digital processing resource comprising at least one digital processor; (1) receiving data from at least one sensor, the data being at least in part representative of the scene; (2) detecting reliability of the sensor data, thereby generating reliability information; (3) remedying unreliable sensor data to generate remedied data; and (4) generating rich scene information from (A) the sensor data, including remedied data, and (B) the reliability information. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: reconstructing the scene as viewed from a virtual viewpoint, based on the rich scene information. 3. The method of claims 1 or 2, wherein the sensors comprise at least one stereo pair of cameras. 4. The method of claims 1 or 2, wherein the rich scene information comprises depth information. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the depth information is obtained by stereo disparity analysis. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein detecting reliability of the sensor data comprises utilizing a heuristic. 7. The method of claim 1 or 6, wherein detecting reliability of the sensor data comprises: comparing the output of a sensor to the output from one or more additional sensors. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the comparing comprises comparing sub-sections of data independently. 9. The method of claim 7 wherein the comparing utilizes at least one histogram. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the histograms pertain to depth data. 11. The method of claim 9 wherein the histograms pertain to stereo disparity data. 12. The method of claim 7 wherein the comparing comprises generating an average. 13. The method of claim 7 wherein the comparing comprises comparing luminance data from one or more cameras. 14. The method of claim 7 wherein the comparing comprises comparing color data from one or more cameras. 15. The method of claim 1 further comprising: determining whether a sensor is occluded. 16. The method of claim 1 further comprising: identifying invalid patterns in the received data. 17. The method of claim 1 wherein the remedying comprises: excluding unreliable data. 18. The method of claim 1 wherein the remedying comprises: reducing the contribution from unreliable sensor data into the rich scene information. 19. The method of claim 1 wherein the remedying comprises notifying a user of unreliable data. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein the remedying comprises notifying a user, via a display, of unreliable data. 21. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one sensor is associated with a device containing the at least one sensor and a display, and the remedying comprises notifying the user, via the display, of unreliable data. 22. The method of claim 19 wherein the remedying comprises: presenting, to the user, intuitive visual cues via the display, the intuitive visual cues being configured so as to tend to direct the user to act in a manner to resolve a condition causing unreliable data. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the intuitive visual cues are applied via the display, to a region of an image of the scene, the region being associated with the unreliable data. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the intuitive visual cues comprise a visual effect. 25. The method of claim 24 wherein the visual effect is applied more strongly in response to greater unreliability. 26. The method of claim 24 wherein the visual effect comprises a blur effect. 27. The method of claim 1 further comprising: transmitting the rich scene information to a remote device, the remote device being a device remote from the scene and operable to receive transmitted rich scene information. 28. The method of claim 27 wherein the at least one sensor is associated with a capturing device, the capturing device being operable to transmit any of sensor data and rich scene information, and wherein the remote device notifies the capturing device of unreliable transmitted data representative of the scene. 29. The method of claim 28 wherein the capturing device presents an indication of unreliable transmitted data. 30. The method of claim 28 wherein the remote device presents an indication of unreliable received data. 31. The method of claim 29 wherein the indication of unreliable data presented by the capturing device correlates with an indication of unreliable data presented by the remote device. 32. The method of claim 29 wherein the indication of unreliable data presented by the capturing device is configured so as to tend to direct a user of the capturing device to remedy an occluded sensor. 33. A visual communications method, the method comprising:
configuring at least one transmitting device to be operable to: (1) capture first scene information, representative of a scene, generated by at least one sensor associated with the transmitting device; (2) capture originating environmental parameters; (3) process the first scene information to generate rich scene information; and (4) transmit the rich scene information to at least one receiving device; and configuring the at least one receiving device to be operable to: (1) capture destination environmental parameters; (2) receive the rich scene information from the at least one transmitting device; (3) interpret the rich scene information; and (4) present the scene, based at least in part on the rich scene information. 34. The method of claim 33 wherein presenting the scene comprises displaying at least one image of the scene, via a display element operable to communicate with the receiving device, based at least in part on the rich scene information. 35. The method of claim 33 wherein the originating environmental parameters comprise parameters associated with the scene. 36. The method of claim 33 wherein the originating environmental parameters comprise parameters associated with the transmitting device. 37. The method of claim 33 wherein the destination environmental parameters comprise parameters associated with the environment proximate the receiving device. 38. The method of claim 33 wherein the destination environmental parameters comprise parameters associated with the receiving device. 39. The method of claim 33, wherein the transmitting device transmits the originating environmental parameters to the receiving device, and the receiving device utilizes the originating environmental parameters in presenting the scene. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the receiving device transmits the destination environmental parameters to the transmitting device, and the transmitting device utilizes the destination environmental parameters in processing the first scene information to generate rich scene information. 41. The method of claim 33, 39 or 40 wherein the processing comprises data compression. 42. The method of claim 33, 39 or 40 wherein the interpreting comprises data decompression. 43. The method of claim 33, 39 or 40 wherein the environmental parameters comprise an orientation vector. 44. The method of claim 43 wherein an orientation vector is measured utilizing any of an accelerometer, gyroscope, compass, GPS (global positioning system), other spatial sensor, or combination of spatial sensors. 45. The method of claim 44 wherein an orientation vector is substantially constrained with respect to a given device, but can be altered in response to a substantial change in data from a spatial sensor. 46. The method of claim 45 wherein the spatial sensor comprises any of an accelerometer, gyroscope, compass, GPS, other spatial sensor, or combination of spatial sensors. 47. The method of claim 44 wherein an orientation vector is permitted to move to align with the orientation of an associated device in a gravity field. 48. The method of claim 44 further comprising: applying a selected smoothing process to smooth high frequency changes to an orientation vector. 49. The method of claim 48 further comprising: configuring control logic to be operable to apply the selected smoothing process. 50. The method of claim 36 wherein an orientation vector can be at least in part controlled by a user through a user interface. 51. The method of claim 43 or 44 wherein an orientation vector is derived from the rich scene information. 52. The method of claim 44 wherein the processing comprises rotating or transforming the rich scene information with respect to an orientation vector. 53. The method of claim 44 wherein the interpreting comprises rotating or transforming the rich scene information with respect to an orientation vector. 54. The method of claim 44 wherein the interpreting or the processing utilizes orientation vectors from more than one device. 55. The method of claim 44 wherein the interpreting or the processing utilizes the difference between orientation vectors from more than one device. 56. The method of claim 44 wherein at least one device rotates or transforms the scene information, and wherein the receiving device presents the scene with a consistent, defined downward orientation that is substantially aligned with a selected axis of the transmitting device or devices, irrespective of the rotation of the devices. 57. The method of claim 33 wherein the receiving device presents at least one image of the scene via a display element. 58. The method of claim 57 wherein the display element is a Head-Mounted Display (HMD). 59. The method of claim 57 wherein the display element comprises a display screen on a hand-held device. 60. The method of claim 57 wherein the display element comprises any of a desktop display screen, freestanding display screen, wall mounted display screen, surface mounted display screen or outdoor display screen. 61. The method of claims 57-60 wherein the transmitting device is operable to generate a feedback view that presents feedback to a user of the transmitting device. 62. The method of claim 61 wherein the feedback comprises an image of the scene. 63. The method of claim 62 wherein the receiving device presents a different portion of the scene from the portion presented by the feedback view of the transmitting device. 64. The method of claim 63 further comprising: enabling a user of a receiving device to select the portion of the scene presented by the receiving device. 65. The method of claim 33 further comprising: enabling a user of a receiving device to select a gaze direction to change a virtual viewpoint, thereby to control the viewpoint of the scene presented by the receiving device. 66. The method of claim 65 further comprising: enabling a user to select a gaze direction by utilizing a touch screen interface associated with the receiving device. 67. The method of claim 65 wherein a gaze direction can be controlled at least in part by the output of an accelerometer, gyroscope, compass, GPS, other spatial sensor, or combination of spatial sensors. 68. The method of claim 65 further comprising: enabling a user of the receiving device to control gaze direction by executing a user gesture observable by a non-contact sensor associated with the receiving device. 69. The method of claim 65 wherein gaze direction can be changed by the physical position of a user relative to a physical position of a receiving device. 70. The method of claim 33 wherein a user of a receiving device can change the focus of a virtual camera that defines a perspective of a displayed image of the scene. 71. The method of claim 70 wherein the focus can be changed by the user selecting a region of a displayed image to bring into sharp focus. 72. The method of claim 70 further comprising: enabling a user of the receiving device to change focus by executing a user gesture observable by a non-contact sensor associated with the receiving device. 73. The method of claim 33 further comprising: enabling a user of the receiving device to change a field of view of a displayed image. 74. The method of claim 73 further comprising: enabling a user of the receiving device to change field of view by executing a gesture on a touch screen associated with the receiving device. 75. The method of claim 73 wherein the field of view is changeable by motion of a device, the motion being detected by an accelerometer, gyroscope, compass, GPS, other spatial sensor, or combination of spatial sensors. 76. The method of claim 73 further comprising: enabling the user to change the field of view by executing a gesture observable by a non-contact sensor associated with the receiving device. 77. The method of claim 73 wherein the field of view can be changed by the physical position of a user, relative to the physical position of a receiving device. 78. The method of claim 33 further comprising: enabling a user of a receiving device to change an image zoom parameter. 79. The method of claim 78 further comprising: enabling a user of a receiving device to change a zoom parameter by executing a gesture on a touch screen associated with the receiving device. 80. The method of claim 78 wherein the zoom can be changed by motion of a device, the motion being detected by an accelerometer, gyroscope, compass, GPS (global positioning system), other spatial sensor, or combination of spatial sensors. 81. The method of claim 78 further comprising: enabling a user of a receiving device to change a zoom parameter by executing a gesture observable by non-contact sensors associated with the receiving device. 82. The method of claim 78 wherein the zoom is controllable by the physical position of a user, relative to the physical position of a receiving device. 83. The method of claim 33 further comprising: configuring the receiving device to be operable to attempt to preserve the spatial topology of the scene captured by the transmitting device. 84. The method of claim 33 wherein a device is operable to apply a scale factor to the rich scene information. 85. The method of claim 84 further comprising: enabling a user to modify the scale factor via an interface. 86. The method of claim 33 wherein, in a plurality of receiving devices and transmitting devices, at least one receiving device is operable to additionally function as a transmitting device, and at least one transmitting device is operable to additionally function as a receiving device. 87. The method of claim 33, 39 or 40 wherein, in a plurality of transmitting devices and receiving devices, some of the devices do not comprise the same sensors or capabilities as the other device or devices. 88. A system for generating rich scene information representative of a scene, the system comprising:
(A) a digital processing resource comprising at least one digital processor, and (B) at least one sensor operable to generate sensor data in response to sensed conditions and to communicate the sensor data to the digital processing resource; the digital processing resource being configured to: (1) receive sensor data from the at least one sensor, the data being at least in part representative of the scene; (2) detect reliability of the received sensor data, thereby generating reliability information; (3) remedy unreliable data to generate remedied data; and (4) generate rich scene information from (A) the sensor data, including remedied data, and (B) the reliability information. 89. A visual communications system, the system comprising:
(A) a transmitting device; and (B) a receiving device operable to communicate with the transmitting device; the transmitting device being configured to be operable to: (1) capture first scene information, representative of a scene, generated by at least one sensor associated with the transmitting device; (2) capture originating environmental parameters; (3) process the first scene information to generate rich scene information; and (4) transmit the rich scene information to the receiving device; and the receiving device being configured to be operable to: (1) capture destination environmental parameters; (2) receive the rich scene information transmitted by the transmitting device; (3) interpret the rich scene information; and (4) present the scene, based at least in part on the rich scene information. 90. The system of claim 89 wherein the scene is presented via a display element operable to communicate with the receiving device. 91. A program product for use with a digital processing system, the digital processing system comprising a digital processing resource comprising at least one digital processor, the digital processing resource being operable to communicate with at least one sensor operable to (i) generate sensor data in response to sensed conditions and (ii) communicate the sensor data to the digital processing resource, the program product comprising digital processor-executable program instructions stored on a non-transitory digital processor-readable medium, which when executed in the digital processing resource cause the digital processing resource to:
(1) receive sensor data from the at least one sensor; (2) detect reliability of the received sensor data, thereby generating reliability information; (3) remedy the unreliable data to generate remedied data; and (4) generate rich scene information from (A) the sensor data, including remedied data, and (B) the reliability information. 92. A program product for use with a digital processing system, the digital processing system comprising a digital processing resource, the digital processing resource comprising at least one digital processor in any of a digital transmitting device or a digital receiving device operable to communicate with the digital transmitting device, the program product comprising digital processor-executable program instructions stored on a non-transitory digital processor-readable medium, which when executed in the digital processing resource cause the digital processing resource to:
configure the transmitting device to be operable to: (1) capture first scene information, representative of a scene, through at least one sensor associated with the transmitting device; (2) capture originating environmental parameters; (3) process the first scene information to generate rich scene information; and (4) transmit the rich scene information to the receiving device; and configure the receiving device to be operable to: (1) capture destination environmental parameters; (2) receive the rich scene information transmitted by the transmitting device; (3) interpret the rich scene information; and (4) present the scene, based at least in part on the rich scene information. 93. The program product of claim 92 wherein the scene is presented via a display element operable to communicate with the receiving device. | 3,700 |
340,799 | 16,642,105 | 3,732 | The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising FGFR selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, specifically 5-((2-(4-(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidin-4-yl)benzamide)pyridine-4-yl)oxy)-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)-N-methyl-1H-indole-1-carboxamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. | 1. An oral dosage form comprising about 30 mg to about 140 mg of Compound A or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein said Compound A is 5-((2-(4-(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidin-4-yl)benzamide)pyridine-4-yl)oxy)-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)-N-methyl-1H-indole-1-carboxamide represented by Formula (I): 2. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said oral dosage form at a single daily dose achieves a mean Cmax of said Compound A of from about 28 ng/mL to about 3.5×102 ng/mL after administration to human subjects. 3. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said oral dosage form at a single daily dose achieves a mean AUC(0-t) of said Compound A of from about 2.2×102 h*ng/mL to about 7.2×103 h*ng/mL after administration to human subjects. 4. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said oral dosage form at a single daily dose achieves a mean AUC(0-inf) of said Compound A of from about 2.3×102 h*ng/mL to about 7.4×103 h*ng/mL after administration to human subjects. 5. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said oral dosage form at a single daily dose achieves a mean Cmax of Compound B of from about 19 ng/mL to about 1.0×102 ng/mL after administration to human subjects, and said Compound B is 6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-N-methyl-5-((2-(4-(piperidin-4-yl)benzamide)pyridin-4-yl)oxy)-1H-indole-1-carboxamide represented by Formula (II): 6. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said oral dosage form at a single daily dose achieves a mean AUC(0-t) of Compound B of from about 2.7×102 h*ng/mL to about 1.6×103 h*ng/mL after administration to human subjects, and said Compound B is 6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-N-methyl-5-((2-(4-(piperidin-4-yl)benzamide)pyridin-4-yl)oxy)-1H-indole-1-carboxamide represented by Formula (II): 7. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said oral dosage form at a single daily dose achieves a mean AUC(0-inf) of Compound B of from about 2.9×102 h*ng/mL to about 1.7×103 h*ng/mL after administration to human subjects, and said Compound B is 6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-N-methyl-5-((2-(4-(piperidin-4-yl)benzamide)pyridin-4-yl)oxy)-1H-indole-1-carboxamide represented by Formula (II): 8. An oral dosage form comprising a therapeutically effective amount of Compound A or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein said therapeutically effective amount is single daily dose of about 30 mg to about 140 mg, and said Compound A is 5-((2-(4-(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidin-4-yl)benzamide)pyridine-4-yl)oxy)-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)-N-methyl-1H-indole-1indole-1-carboxamide represented by Formula (I): 9. The oral dosage form of claim 8, wherein said single daily dose achieves a mean Cmax of said Compound A of from about 28 ng/mL to about 3.5×102 ng/mL after administration to human subjects. 10. The oral dosage form of claim 8, wherein said single daily dose achieves a mean AUC(0-t) of said Compound A of from about 2.2×102 h*ng/mL to about 7.2×103 h*ng/mL after administration to human subjects. 11. The oral dosage form of claim 8, wherein said single daily dose achieves a mean AUC(0-inf) of said Compound A of from about 2.3×102 h*ng/mL to about 7.4×103 h*ng/mL after administration to human subjects. 12. The oral dosage form of claim 8, wherein said single daily dose achieves a mean Cmax of Compound B of from about 19 ng/mL to about 1.0×102 ng/mL after administration to human subjects, and said Compound B is 6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-N-methyl-5-((2-(4-(piperidin-4-yl)benzamide)pyridin-4-yl)oxy)-1H-indole-1-carboxamide represented by Formula (II): 13. The oral dosage form of claim 8, wherein said single daily dose achieves a mean AUC(0-t) of Compound B of from about 2.7×102 h*ng/mL to about 1.6×103 h*ng/mL after administration to human subjects, and said Compound B is 6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-N-methyl-5-((2-(4-(piperidin-4-yl)benzamide)pyridin-4-yl)oxy)-1H-indole-1-carboxamide represented by Formula (II): 14. The oral dosage form of claim 8, wherein said single daily dose achieves a mean AUC(0-inf) of Compound B of from about 2.9×102 h*ng/mL to about 1.7×103 h*ng/mL after administration to human subjects, and said Compound B is 6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-N-methyl-5-((2-(4-(piperidin-4-yl)benzamide)pyridin-4-yl)oxy)-1H-indole-1-carboxamide represented by Formula (II): 15. A method of treating stomach cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, endometrial cancer, bile duct cancer or breast cancer in a human subject in need thereof, comprising administering the oral dosage form of claim 1 to the human subject. | The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising FGFR selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, specifically 5-((2-(4-(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidin-4-yl)benzamide)pyridine-4-yl)oxy)-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)-N-methyl-1H-indole-1-carboxamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.1. An oral dosage form comprising about 30 mg to about 140 mg of Compound A or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein said Compound A is 5-((2-(4-(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidin-4-yl)benzamide)pyridine-4-yl)oxy)-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)-N-methyl-1H-indole-1-carboxamide represented by Formula (I): 2. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said oral dosage form at a single daily dose achieves a mean Cmax of said Compound A of from about 28 ng/mL to about 3.5×102 ng/mL after administration to human subjects. 3. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said oral dosage form at a single daily dose achieves a mean AUC(0-t) of said Compound A of from about 2.2×102 h*ng/mL to about 7.2×103 h*ng/mL after administration to human subjects. 4. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said oral dosage form at a single daily dose achieves a mean AUC(0-inf) of said Compound A of from about 2.3×102 h*ng/mL to about 7.4×103 h*ng/mL after administration to human subjects. 5. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said oral dosage form at a single daily dose achieves a mean Cmax of Compound B of from about 19 ng/mL to about 1.0×102 ng/mL after administration to human subjects, and said Compound B is 6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-N-methyl-5-((2-(4-(piperidin-4-yl)benzamide)pyridin-4-yl)oxy)-1H-indole-1-carboxamide represented by Formula (II): 6. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said oral dosage form at a single daily dose achieves a mean AUC(0-t) of Compound B of from about 2.7×102 h*ng/mL to about 1.6×103 h*ng/mL after administration to human subjects, and said Compound B is 6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-N-methyl-5-((2-(4-(piperidin-4-yl)benzamide)pyridin-4-yl)oxy)-1H-indole-1-carboxamide represented by Formula (II): 7. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said oral dosage form at a single daily dose achieves a mean AUC(0-inf) of Compound B of from about 2.9×102 h*ng/mL to about 1.7×103 h*ng/mL after administration to human subjects, and said Compound B is 6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-N-methyl-5-((2-(4-(piperidin-4-yl)benzamide)pyridin-4-yl)oxy)-1H-indole-1-carboxamide represented by Formula (II): 8. An oral dosage form comprising a therapeutically effective amount of Compound A or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, wherein said therapeutically effective amount is single daily dose of about 30 mg to about 140 mg, and said Compound A is 5-((2-(4-(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidin-4-yl)benzamide)pyridine-4-yl)oxy)-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)-N-methyl-1H-indole-1indole-1-carboxamide represented by Formula (I): 9. The oral dosage form of claim 8, wherein said single daily dose achieves a mean Cmax of said Compound A of from about 28 ng/mL to about 3.5×102 ng/mL after administration to human subjects. 10. The oral dosage form of claim 8, wherein said single daily dose achieves a mean AUC(0-t) of said Compound A of from about 2.2×102 h*ng/mL to about 7.2×103 h*ng/mL after administration to human subjects. 11. The oral dosage form of claim 8, wherein said single daily dose achieves a mean AUC(0-inf) of said Compound A of from about 2.3×102 h*ng/mL to about 7.4×103 h*ng/mL after administration to human subjects. 12. The oral dosage form of claim 8, wherein said single daily dose achieves a mean Cmax of Compound B of from about 19 ng/mL to about 1.0×102 ng/mL after administration to human subjects, and said Compound B is 6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-N-methyl-5-((2-(4-(piperidin-4-yl)benzamide)pyridin-4-yl)oxy)-1H-indole-1-carboxamide represented by Formula (II): 13. The oral dosage form of claim 8, wherein said single daily dose achieves a mean AUC(0-t) of Compound B of from about 2.7×102 h*ng/mL to about 1.6×103 h*ng/mL after administration to human subjects, and said Compound B is 6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-N-methyl-5-((2-(4-(piperidin-4-yl)benzamide)pyridin-4-yl)oxy)-1H-indole-1-carboxamide represented by Formula (II): 14. The oral dosage form of claim 8, wherein said single daily dose achieves a mean AUC(0-inf) of Compound B of from about 2.9×102 h*ng/mL to about 1.7×103 h*ng/mL after administration to human subjects, and said Compound B is 6-(2-Methoxyethoxy)-N-methyl-5-((2-(4-(piperidin-4-yl)benzamide)pyridin-4-yl)oxy)-1H-indole-1-carboxamide represented by Formula (II): 15. A method of treating stomach cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, endometrial cancer, bile duct cancer or breast cancer in a human subject in need thereof, comprising administering the oral dosage form of claim 1 to the human subject. | 3,700 |
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