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340,800 | 16,642,300 | 2,844 | A procedure is provided for actuating at least one main headlamp of a lighting unit for a motor vehicle. An overall light distribution generated by means of at least two segments of a segmented light module is allocated to a light function. The light control switches on or switches off the light function depending on at least one electric input signal of the light control. In order to facilitate the application of an animation of a vehicle lighting for a plurality of vehicle and environmental situations, the overall light distribution of the light function is built up from a plurality of light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c). Each of the light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) is generated by means of at least one segment of the segmented light module. The plurality of light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) are switched on and/or switched off by the light control in a previously determined and stored sequence. | 1. A method for actuating at least one main headlamp of a lighting unit for a motor vehicle, the motor vehicle comprising a light control and at least one main headlamp with a segmented light module featuring a plurality of segments that are adapted to be actuated individually for generating at least one light function stored in a memory, where an overall light distribution generated by means of at least two segments of the segmented light module is allocated to the light function, and where the light control switches on or switches off the light function depending on at least one electric input signal of the light control, the method comprising:
generating a plurality of light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) via at least one segment of the segmented light module, and switching on and off the light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) when the light function is switched on or off by the light control in a predetermined and stored sequence to build the overall light distribution of the light function; module and where the plurality of light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) are switched on and/or switched off when the light function is switched on or switched off by the light control (2.1) in a previously determined and stored sequence. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) of the overall light distribution are switched on consecutively when the light function is switched on or are switched off consecutively when the light function is switched off 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) of the overall light distribution are arranged parallel to each other and/or diagonally in relation to a longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein switching on and/or switching off at least one of the light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) of the overall light distribution is performed by a previously defined and stored dimming ramp. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the dimming ramps between two light distribution segments (a-f; a-b;
a-c) of the overall light distribution that are switched on and/or switched off directly one after the other are designed in such a way that the subsequent light distribution segment (a-f; a-b; a-c) is not dimmed up or dimmed down until the preceding light distribution segment (a-f; a-b; a-c) has reached a previously determined degree of dimming. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein switching on and/or switching off at least one of the light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) of the overall light distribution is performed by a previously defined and stored dimming ramp and for each individual dimming ramp a uniform time period has been determined depending on a previously determined total time period for switching on and/or switching off all light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) of the overall light distribution. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one light function takes the form of a low beam or a high beam. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one light function takes the form of a presentation light or comprises a presentation function where light distribution segments or the corresponding overall light distribution are at least in some cases switched on and/or switched off several times when switching on and/or when switching off the presentation light or the presentation function. 9. A lighting unit for a motor vehicle for performing a procedure in accordance with claim 1 comprising:
a light control; and
at least one main headlamp with a segmented light module featuring a plurality of segments that can each be actuated individually for generating at least one light function stored in a memory of the lighting unit, where an overall light distribution generated by at least two segments of the segmented light module is allocated to the light function and where the light function can be switched on or switched off by means of the light control depending on at least one electric input signal of the light control;
wherein the overall light distribution of the light function is built up from a plurality of light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) where each of the light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) are generated by at least one segment of the segmented light module and where the plurality of light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) can be switched on and/or switched off when the light function is switched on or switched off by the light control in a previously determined and stored sequence. 10. A computer program product embodied on a computer readable recording medium for performing the steps of claim 1. 11. (canceled) | A procedure is provided for actuating at least one main headlamp of a lighting unit for a motor vehicle. An overall light distribution generated by means of at least two segments of a segmented light module is allocated to a light function. The light control switches on or switches off the light function depending on at least one electric input signal of the light control. In order to facilitate the application of an animation of a vehicle lighting for a plurality of vehicle and environmental situations, the overall light distribution of the light function is built up from a plurality of light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c). Each of the light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) is generated by means of at least one segment of the segmented light module. The plurality of light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) are switched on and/or switched off by the light control in a previously determined and stored sequence.1. A method for actuating at least one main headlamp of a lighting unit for a motor vehicle, the motor vehicle comprising a light control and at least one main headlamp with a segmented light module featuring a plurality of segments that are adapted to be actuated individually for generating at least one light function stored in a memory, where an overall light distribution generated by means of at least two segments of the segmented light module is allocated to the light function, and where the light control switches on or switches off the light function depending on at least one electric input signal of the light control, the method comprising:
generating a plurality of light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) via at least one segment of the segmented light module, and switching on and off the light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) when the light function is switched on or off by the light control in a predetermined and stored sequence to build the overall light distribution of the light function; module and where the plurality of light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) are switched on and/or switched off when the light function is switched on or switched off by the light control (2.1) in a previously determined and stored sequence. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) of the overall light distribution are switched on consecutively when the light function is switched on or are switched off consecutively when the light function is switched off 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) of the overall light distribution are arranged parallel to each other and/or diagonally in relation to a longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein switching on and/or switching off at least one of the light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) of the overall light distribution is performed by a previously defined and stored dimming ramp. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the dimming ramps between two light distribution segments (a-f; a-b;
a-c) of the overall light distribution that are switched on and/or switched off directly one after the other are designed in such a way that the subsequent light distribution segment (a-f; a-b; a-c) is not dimmed up or dimmed down until the preceding light distribution segment (a-f; a-b; a-c) has reached a previously determined degree of dimming. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein switching on and/or switching off at least one of the light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) of the overall light distribution is performed by a previously defined and stored dimming ramp and for each individual dimming ramp a uniform time period has been determined depending on a previously determined total time period for switching on and/or switching off all light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) of the overall light distribution. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one light function takes the form of a low beam or a high beam. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one light function takes the form of a presentation light or comprises a presentation function where light distribution segments or the corresponding overall light distribution are at least in some cases switched on and/or switched off several times when switching on and/or when switching off the presentation light or the presentation function. 9. A lighting unit for a motor vehicle for performing a procedure in accordance with claim 1 comprising:
a light control; and
at least one main headlamp with a segmented light module featuring a plurality of segments that can each be actuated individually for generating at least one light function stored in a memory of the lighting unit, where an overall light distribution generated by at least two segments of the segmented light module is allocated to the light function and where the light function can be switched on or switched off by means of the light control depending on at least one electric input signal of the light control;
wherein the overall light distribution of the light function is built up from a plurality of light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) where each of the light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) are generated by at least one segment of the segmented light module and where the plurality of light distribution segments (a-f; a-b; a-c) can be switched on and/or switched off when the light function is switched on or switched off by the light control in a previously determined and stored sequence. 10. A computer program product embodied on a computer readable recording medium for performing the steps of claim 1. 11. (canceled) | 2,800 |
340,801 | 16,642,293 | 2,844 | and an organic light emitting device comprising the same. | 1. A compound of Chemical Formula 1: 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein Chemical Formula 1 is Chemical Formula 2: 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein Chemical Formula 1 is one of the following Chemical Formulae 3 and 4: 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound of Chemical Formula 1 is any one of the following Compound 1 to Compound 72: 5. An organic light emitting device, comprising:
a first electrode; a second electrode provided opposite to the first electrode; and one or more organic material layers provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein one or more layers of the organic material layers comprise the compound of claim 1. 6. The organic light emitting device of claim 5, wherein the organic material layer comprises a hole injection layer or a hole transfer layer, and the hole injection layer or the hole transfer layer comprises the compound. 7. The organic light emitting device of claim 5, wherein the organic material layer comprises an electron transfer layer or an electron injection layer, and the electron transfer layer or the electron injection layer comprises the compound. 8. The organic light emitting device of claim 5, wherein the organic material layer comprises a light emitting layer, and the light emitting layer comprises the compound. 9. The organic light emitting device of claim 5, wherein the organic material layer comprises an electron blocking layer or a hole blocking layer, and the electron blocking layer or the hole blocking layer comprises the compound. 10. The organic light emitting device of claim 5, wherein the organic material layer comprises a light emitting layer, and the light emitting layer comprises a compound of Chemical Formula 1A: 11. The organic light emitting device of claim 10, wherein L103 to L106 are the same as or different from each other, and each independently is a direct bond or is selected from among the following structures: 12. The organic light emitting device of claim 10, wherein Ar5 to Ar8 are the same as or different from each other, and each independently is hydrogen or is selected from among the following structures: 13. The organic light emitting device of claim 5, wherein the organic material layer comprises a light emitting layer, and the light emitting layer comprises a compound of Chemical Formula 1B: 14. The organic light emitting device of claim 13, wherein L107 to L109 are the same as or different from each other, and each independently is a direct bond or selected from among the following structures: 15. The organic light emitting device of claim 13, wherein Ar9 to Ar11 are the same as or different from each other, and each independently is selected from among the following structures: | and an organic light emitting device comprising the same.1. A compound of Chemical Formula 1: 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein Chemical Formula 1 is Chemical Formula 2: 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein Chemical Formula 1 is one of the following Chemical Formulae 3 and 4: 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound of Chemical Formula 1 is any one of the following Compound 1 to Compound 72: 5. An organic light emitting device, comprising:
a first electrode; a second electrode provided opposite to the first electrode; and one or more organic material layers provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein one or more layers of the organic material layers comprise the compound of claim 1. 6. The organic light emitting device of claim 5, wherein the organic material layer comprises a hole injection layer or a hole transfer layer, and the hole injection layer or the hole transfer layer comprises the compound. 7. The organic light emitting device of claim 5, wherein the organic material layer comprises an electron transfer layer or an electron injection layer, and the electron transfer layer or the electron injection layer comprises the compound. 8. The organic light emitting device of claim 5, wherein the organic material layer comprises a light emitting layer, and the light emitting layer comprises the compound. 9. The organic light emitting device of claim 5, wherein the organic material layer comprises an electron blocking layer or a hole blocking layer, and the electron blocking layer or the hole blocking layer comprises the compound. 10. The organic light emitting device of claim 5, wherein the organic material layer comprises a light emitting layer, and the light emitting layer comprises a compound of Chemical Formula 1A: 11. The organic light emitting device of claim 10, wherein L103 to L106 are the same as or different from each other, and each independently is a direct bond or is selected from among the following structures: 12. The organic light emitting device of claim 10, wherein Ar5 to Ar8 are the same as or different from each other, and each independently is hydrogen or is selected from among the following structures: 13. The organic light emitting device of claim 5, wherein the organic material layer comprises a light emitting layer, and the light emitting layer comprises a compound of Chemical Formula 1B: 14. The organic light emitting device of claim 13, wherein L107 to L109 are the same as or different from each other, and each independently is a direct bond or selected from among the following structures: 15. The organic light emitting device of claim 13, wherein Ar9 to Ar11 are the same as or different from each other, and each independently is selected from among the following structures: | 2,800 |
340,802 | 16,642,318 | 2,185 | Methods and apparatus for boot time reduction in a processor and programmable logic device environment are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a multicore processor including a first core and a second core. A bootstrap processor is to initialize the first core into a standby mode and initialize the second core into a non-standby mode. A programmable logic device is to be programmed with instructions to be executed by the programmable logic device by the second core via a first connection initialized by the second core. The bootstrap processor is to, upon completion of the programming of the programmable logic device, initialize a data connection between the programmable logic device and the second core. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. An apparatus to reduce a boot time in a processor and programmable logic device environment, the apparatus comprising:
a multicore processor including a first core and a second core; a bootstrap processor to initialize the first core into a standby mode and initialize the second core into a non-standby mode; a programmable logic device to be programmed with instructions to be executed by the programmable logic device by the second core via a first connection initialized by the second core, the bootstrap processor to, upon completion of the programming of the programmable logic device, initialize a data connection between the programmable logic device and the second core. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the bootstrap processor is further to, upon completion of the programming of the programmable logic device, place the second core into the standby mode. 28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the programmable logic device is a field programmable gate array. 29. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the bootstrap processor is further to, prior to completion of the programming of the programmable logic device by the second core, perform a platform initialization procedure. 30. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the data connection is implemented using a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express interface. 31. The apparatus of claim 26, further including a memory to store the instructions to be executed by the programmable logic device. 32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the instructions to be executed by the programmable logic device are included in a system firmware stored in the memory. 33. At least one non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to at least:
initialize a first core of a multicore processor into a standby mode; initialize a second core of the multicore processor into a non-standby mode; initialize a first connection between the second core and a programmable logic device; program, via the first connection, the programmable logic device with logical instructions to be executed by the programmable logic device; and upon completion of the programming of the programmable logic device, initialize a second connection between the programmable logic device and the second core. 34. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 33, further including, upon completion of the programming of the programmable logic device, placing the second core into the standby mode. 35. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 33, wherein the first connection is implemented using a system management bus. 36. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 33, wherein the programmable logic device is a field programmable gate array. 37. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 33, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the machine to perform, prior to completion of the programming of the programmable logic device, a platform initialization procedure. 38. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 33, wherein the second connection is implemented using a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express interface. 39. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 33, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the machine to read the logical instructions to be executed by the programmable logic device from a memory. 40. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 39, wherein the logical instructions to be executed by the programmable logic device are included in a system firmware stored in the memory. 41. A method of reducing a boot time in a processor and programmable logic device environment, the method comprising:
initializing, by executing an instruction with a bootstrap processor, a first core of a multicore processor into a standby mode; initializing, by executing an instruction with the bootstrap processor, a second core of the multicore processor into a non-standby mode; initializing, by executing an instruction with the second core, a first connection between the second core and a programmable logic device; programming, by executing an instruction with the second core, via the first connection, the programmable logic device with instructions to be executed by the programmable logic device; and upon completion of the programming of the programmable logic device, initializing, by executing an instruction with the bootstrap processor, a second connection between the programmable logic device and the second core. 42. The method of claim 41, further including, upon completion of the programming of the programmable logic device, placing the second core into the standby mode. 43. The method of claim 41, wherein the first connection is implemented using a system management bus. 44. The method of claim 41, wherein the programmable logic device is a field programmable gate array. 45. The method of claim 41, further including performing, prior to completion of the programming of the programmable logic device and by executing an instruction with the bootstrap processor, a platform initialization procedure. | Methods and apparatus for boot time reduction in a processor and programmable logic device environment are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a multicore processor including a first core and a second core. A bootstrap processor is to initialize the first core into a standby mode and initialize the second core into a non-standby mode. A programmable logic device is to be programmed with instructions to be executed by the programmable logic device by the second core via a first connection initialized by the second core. The bootstrap processor is to, upon completion of the programming of the programmable logic device, initialize a data connection between the programmable logic device and the second core.1-25. (canceled) 26. An apparatus to reduce a boot time in a processor and programmable logic device environment, the apparatus comprising:
a multicore processor including a first core and a second core; a bootstrap processor to initialize the first core into a standby mode and initialize the second core into a non-standby mode; a programmable logic device to be programmed with instructions to be executed by the programmable logic device by the second core via a first connection initialized by the second core, the bootstrap processor to, upon completion of the programming of the programmable logic device, initialize a data connection between the programmable logic device and the second core. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the bootstrap processor is further to, upon completion of the programming of the programmable logic device, place the second core into the standby mode. 28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the programmable logic device is a field programmable gate array. 29. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the bootstrap processor is further to, prior to completion of the programming of the programmable logic device by the second core, perform a platform initialization procedure. 30. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the data connection is implemented using a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express interface. 31. The apparatus of claim 26, further including a memory to store the instructions to be executed by the programmable logic device. 32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the instructions to be executed by the programmable logic device are included in a system firmware stored in the memory. 33. At least one non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to at least:
initialize a first core of a multicore processor into a standby mode; initialize a second core of the multicore processor into a non-standby mode; initialize a first connection between the second core and a programmable logic device; program, via the first connection, the programmable logic device with logical instructions to be executed by the programmable logic device; and upon completion of the programming of the programmable logic device, initialize a second connection between the programmable logic device and the second core. 34. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 33, further including, upon completion of the programming of the programmable logic device, placing the second core into the standby mode. 35. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 33, wherein the first connection is implemented using a system management bus. 36. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 33, wherein the programmable logic device is a field programmable gate array. 37. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 33, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the machine to perform, prior to completion of the programming of the programmable logic device, a platform initialization procedure. 38. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 33, wherein the second connection is implemented using a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express interface. 39. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 33, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the machine to read the logical instructions to be executed by the programmable logic device from a memory. 40. The at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 39, wherein the logical instructions to be executed by the programmable logic device are included in a system firmware stored in the memory. 41. A method of reducing a boot time in a processor and programmable logic device environment, the method comprising:
initializing, by executing an instruction with a bootstrap processor, a first core of a multicore processor into a standby mode; initializing, by executing an instruction with the bootstrap processor, a second core of the multicore processor into a non-standby mode; initializing, by executing an instruction with the second core, a first connection between the second core and a programmable logic device; programming, by executing an instruction with the second core, via the first connection, the programmable logic device with instructions to be executed by the programmable logic device; and upon completion of the programming of the programmable logic device, initializing, by executing an instruction with the bootstrap processor, a second connection between the programmable logic device and the second core. 42. The method of claim 41, further including, upon completion of the programming of the programmable logic device, placing the second core into the standby mode. 43. The method of claim 41, wherein the first connection is implemented using a system management bus. 44. The method of claim 41, wherein the programmable logic device is a field programmable gate array. 45. The method of claim 41, further including performing, prior to completion of the programming of the programmable logic device and by executing an instruction with the bootstrap processor, a platform initialization procedure. | 2,100 |
340,803 | 16,642,294 | 2,185 | A computer-controlled remote power module is disclosed. The remote power module may include an enclosure containing a power converter, a voltage controller, an antenna and a microprocessor. The voltage controller may be in electrical communication with the power converter. The microprocessor may be in electrical communication with the power converter, the voltage controller, and the antenna. The antenna may be configured to receive wireless transmissions from a remote computer control system, and provide a signal to the microprocessor based on the received transmissions. The microprocessor may receive the signal, and, based on the signal, selectively cause the voltage controller to provide power. The remote power module may be configured to selectively provide power from a battery to a tool, such as a surgical tool. | 1. A surgical tool system comprising:
a remote computer control system; and a remote power module configured to be releasably attached to a surgical tool on a first side, to be releasably attached to a battery module on a second side, to wirelessly communicate with the remote computer control system, and to control the provision of power from the battery to the surgical tool. 2. The surgical tool system of claim 1, wherein the remote power module comprises:
an enclosure; a power converter contained within the enclosure; a voltage controller in electrical communication with the power converter and contained within the enclosure; an antenna configured to receive wireless transmissions from the remote computer control system; and a microprocessor in electrical communication with the power converter, the voltage controller, and the antenna, wherein the microprocessor is configured to:
receive a signal from the antenna, and
based on the signal, selectively cause the voltage controller to provide power to the surgical tool. 3. The surgical tool system of claim 2, wherein the enclosure comprises one or more of polypropylene, polypropylene copolymer, polymethylpentene, polytetrafluoroethylene resin, polymethyl methacrylate, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethlyene, fluoro ethylene propylene, polyether imide, perfluoroalkoxy, polyketone, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicone, and thermoplastic elastomers. 4. The surgical tool system of claim 2, wherein the power converter is configured to receive electrical power from the battery module at a first voltage, to provide electrical power to the voltage controller at a second voltage, and to provide electrical power to the microprocessor at a third voltage. 5. The surgical tool system of claim 2, wherein the voltage controller comprises:
one or more power inputs; one or more power outputs; a control signal input; and a switch configured to selectively connect each of the one or more power inputs to a corresponding one of the one or more power outputs based on a value of the control signal input. 6. The surgical tool system of claim 2, wherein the antenna is positioned on the outside of the enclosure. 7. The surgical tool system of claim 2, wherein the antenna is integrated into the enclosure. 8. The surgical tool system of claim 2, wherein the antenna is positioned within the enclosure. 9. The surgical tool system of claim 2, wherein:
the antenna is further configured to transmit one or more signals to the remote computer controller; and the microprocessor is further configured to establish a wireless communication connection with the remote computer controller through the antenna. 10. The surgical tool system of claim 2, wherein the remote power module further comprises:
a wired optical tracking emitter in electrical communication with the microprocessor. 11. The surgical tool system of claim 10, wherein the wired optical tracking emitter comprises a light emitting diode (LED) array. 12. The surgical tool system of claim 2, wherein the remote power module further comprises:
a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader configured to read an RFID tag. 13. A remote power module comprising:
an enclosure; a power converter contained within the enclosure; a voltage controller in electrical communication with the power converter and contained within the enclosure; an antenna configured to receive wireless transmissions from a remote computer control system; and a microprocessor in electrical communication with the power converter, the voltage controller, and the antenna, wherein the microprocessor is configured to:
receive a signal from the antenna, and
based on the signal, selectively cause the voltage controller to provide power. 14. The remote power module of claim 13, wherein the enclosure comprises one or more of polypropylene, polypropylene copolymer, polymethylpentene, polytetrafluoroethylene resin, polymethyl methacrylate, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethlyene, fluoro ethylene propylene, polyether imide, perfluoroalkoxy, polyketone, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicone, and thermoplastic elastomers. 15. The remote power module of claim 13, wherein the enclosure is configured to be releasably attached to a battery on a first side and releasably attached to a surgical tool on a second side. 16. The remote power module of claim 15, wherein the power converter is configured to receive electrical power from the battery at a first voltage, to provide electrical power to the voltage controller at a second voltage, and to provide electrical power to the microprocessor at a third voltage. 17. The remote power module of claim 13, wherein the voltage controller comprises:
one or more power inputs; one or more power outputs; a control signal input; and a switch configured to selectively connect each of the one or more power inputs to a corresponding one of the one or more power outputs based on a value of the control signal input. 18. The remote power module of claim 13, wherein the antenna is positioned on the outside of the enclosure. 19. The remote power module of claim 13, wherein the antenna is integrated into the enclosure. 20. The remote power module of claim 13, wherein the antenna is positioned within the enclosure. 21. The remote power module of claim 13, wherein:
the antenna is further configured to transmit one or more signals to the remote computer controller; and the microprocessor is further configured to establish a wireless communication connection with the remote computer controller through the antenna. 22. The remote power module of claim 13, further comprising:
a wired optical tracking emitter in electrical communication with the microprocessor. 23. The remote power module of claim 22, wherein the wired optical tracking emitter comprises a light emitting diode (LED) array. 24. The remote power module of claim 13, further comprising:
a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader configured to read an RFID tag. | A computer-controlled remote power module is disclosed. The remote power module may include an enclosure containing a power converter, a voltage controller, an antenna and a microprocessor. The voltage controller may be in electrical communication with the power converter. The microprocessor may be in electrical communication with the power converter, the voltage controller, and the antenna. The antenna may be configured to receive wireless transmissions from a remote computer control system, and provide a signal to the microprocessor based on the received transmissions. The microprocessor may receive the signal, and, based on the signal, selectively cause the voltage controller to provide power. The remote power module may be configured to selectively provide power from a battery to a tool, such as a surgical tool.1. A surgical tool system comprising:
a remote computer control system; and a remote power module configured to be releasably attached to a surgical tool on a first side, to be releasably attached to a battery module on a second side, to wirelessly communicate with the remote computer control system, and to control the provision of power from the battery to the surgical tool. 2. The surgical tool system of claim 1, wherein the remote power module comprises:
an enclosure; a power converter contained within the enclosure; a voltage controller in electrical communication with the power converter and contained within the enclosure; an antenna configured to receive wireless transmissions from the remote computer control system; and a microprocessor in electrical communication with the power converter, the voltage controller, and the antenna, wherein the microprocessor is configured to:
receive a signal from the antenna, and
based on the signal, selectively cause the voltage controller to provide power to the surgical tool. 3. The surgical tool system of claim 2, wherein the enclosure comprises one or more of polypropylene, polypropylene copolymer, polymethylpentene, polytetrafluoroethylene resin, polymethyl methacrylate, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethlyene, fluoro ethylene propylene, polyether imide, perfluoroalkoxy, polyketone, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicone, and thermoplastic elastomers. 4. The surgical tool system of claim 2, wherein the power converter is configured to receive electrical power from the battery module at a first voltage, to provide electrical power to the voltage controller at a second voltage, and to provide electrical power to the microprocessor at a third voltage. 5. The surgical tool system of claim 2, wherein the voltage controller comprises:
one or more power inputs; one or more power outputs; a control signal input; and a switch configured to selectively connect each of the one or more power inputs to a corresponding one of the one or more power outputs based on a value of the control signal input. 6. The surgical tool system of claim 2, wherein the antenna is positioned on the outside of the enclosure. 7. The surgical tool system of claim 2, wherein the antenna is integrated into the enclosure. 8. The surgical tool system of claim 2, wherein the antenna is positioned within the enclosure. 9. The surgical tool system of claim 2, wherein:
the antenna is further configured to transmit one or more signals to the remote computer controller; and the microprocessor is further configured to establish a wireless communication connection with the remote computer controller through the antenna. 10. The surgical tool system of claim 2, wherein the remote power module further comprises:
a wired optical tracking emitter in electrical communication with the microprocessor. 11. The surgical tool system of claim 10, wherein the wired optical tracking emitter comprises a light emitting diode (LED) array. 12. The surgical tool system of claim 2, wherein the remote power module further comprises:
a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader configured to read an RFID tag. 13. A remote power module comprising:
an enclosure; a power converter contained within the enclosure; a voltage controller in electrical communication with the power converter and contained within the enclosure; an antenna configured to receive wireless transmissions from a remote computer control system; and a microprocessor in electrical communication with the power converter, the voltage controller, and the antenna, wherein the microprocessor is configured to:
receive a signal from the antenna, and
based on the signal, selectively cause the voltage controller to provide power. 14. The remote power module of claim 13, wherein the enclosure comprises one or more of polypropylene, polypropylene copolymer, polymethylpentene, polytetrafluoroethylene resin, polymethyl methacrylate, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethlyene, fluoro ethylene propylene, polyether imide, perfluoroalkoxy, polyketone, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, silicone, and thermoplastic elastomers. 15. The remote power module of claim 13, wherein the enclosure is configured to be releasably attached to a battery on a first side and releasably attached to a surgical tool on a second side. 16. The remote power module of claim 15, wherein the power converter is configured to receive electrical power from the battery at a first voltage, to provide electrical power to the voltage controller at a second voltage, and to provide electrical power to the microprocessor at a third voltage. 17. The remote power module of claim 13, wherein the voltage controller comprises:
one or more power inputs; one or more power outputs; a control signal input; and a switch configured to selectively connect each of the one or more power inputs to a corresponding one of the one or more power outputs based on a value of the control signal input. 18. The remote power module of claim 13, wherein the antenna is positioned on the outside of the enclosure. 19. The remote power module of claim 13, wherein the antenna is integrated into the enclosure. 20. The remote power module of claim 13, wherein the antenna is positioned within the enclosure. 21. The remote power module of claim 13, wherein:
the antenna is further configured to transmit one or more signals to the remote computer controller; and the microprocessor is further configured to establish a wireless communication connection with the remote computer controller through the antenna. 22. The remote power module of claim 13, further comprising:
a wired optical tracking emitter in electrical communication with the microprocessor. 23. The remote power module of claim 22, wherein the wired optical tracking emitter comprises a light emitting diode (LED) array. 24. The remote power module of claim 13, further comprising:
a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader configured to read an RFID tag. | 2,100 |
340,804 | 16,642,268 | 2,185 | An adjustable inductance system includes a plurality of inductor modules coupled to a corresponding plurality of loads and a pool of at least one floating inductor module that may be coupled in parallel with any one of the plurality of inductor modules. A control circuit monitors the current drawn through the inductor module by the load. If current draw exceeds a threshold, the control circuit couples a floating inductor module to the load. Using the current drawn by the load, the control circuit determines an appropriate inductance value and determines an appropriate inductor configuration for the inductor module, the floating inductor module, or both the inductor module and the floating inductor module to achieve the determined inductance value. The control circuit causes switching elements to transition to a state or position to achieve the inductor configuration. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. A power delivery system, comprising:
a plurality of power delivery circuits, each of the circuits to supply a load current to a respective one of a plurality of conductively coupled loads; a plurality of inductor modules, each of the plurality of inductor modules having an allowable current threshold, each of the plurality of inductor modules conductively coupled to a respective one of the power delivery circuits; at least one floating inductor module, the at least one floating inductor module conductively couplable to any of the plurality of power delivery circuits; and control circuitry to:
receive information indicative of the load current supplied to at least one power delivery circuit;
receive information indicative of the allowable current threshold of the at least one power delivery circuit; and
determine whether the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold for the inductor module conductively coupled to the at least one power delivery circuit. 27. The power delivery system of claim 26:
wherein each of the plurality of inductor modules comprises an inductor module formed in a semiconductor package substrate; wherein the at least one floating inductor module comprises at least one floating inductor module disposed in the semiconductor package substrate; wherein each of a plurality of switch elements selectively conductively couples the at least one floating inductor module to a respective one of the plurality of power delivery circuits. 28. The power delivery system of claim 27 wherein the control circuitry, responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold, to further:
conductively couple the floating inductor module to the at least one power delivery circuit. 29. The power delivery system of claim 28:
wherein the plurality of conductively coupled loads comprise loads disposed in one or more semiconductor dies included in the semiconductor package; and wherein the plurality of switch elements include a plurality of semiconductor devices disposed in an interposer layer conductively coupled between the one or more semiconductor dies and the semiconductor package substrate. 30. The power delivery system of any of claim 29:
wherein the at least one floating inductor module comprises a floating inductor module having at least one of:
a floating inductor module having a fixed inductance value; or
a variable inductance floating inductor module having a selectively variable inductance value provided by a plurality of inductive elements conductively coupled to a second plurality of switch elements, each of the second plurality of switch elements conductively coupled to the control circuitry; and
wherein each of the plurality of inductor modules comprises an inductor module having at least one of:
an inductor module having a fixed inductance value; or
a variable inductance inductor module having a selectively variable inductance value provided by a plurality of inductive elements conductively coupled to a third plurality of switches, each of the third plurality of switches conductively coupled to the control circuitry. 31. The power delivery system of claim 29 wherein the interposer layer includes at least a portion of the control circuitry. 32. The power delivery system of claim 30:
wherein the second plurality of switch elements is disposed in the interposer layer; and wherein the third plurality of switch elements is disposed in the interposer layer. 33. The power delivery system of claim 30:
wherein the floating inductor module comprises a variable inductance floating inductor module; and wherein the control circuitry, responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold, to further:
determine an inductance value for the variable inductance floating inductor module using the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit and the allowable current threshold for the inductor module conductively coupled to the at least one power delivery circuit;
determine an inductor element configuration in the variable inductance floating inductor module to provide the determined inductance value; and
cause the second plurality of switch elements to transition to a state to provide the inductor element configuration in the variable inductance floating inductor module. 34. The power delivery system of claim 30:
wherein the inductor module comprises a variable inductance inductor module; and wherein the control circuitry, responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit is less than the allowable current threshold, to further:
determine an inductance value for the variable inductance inductor module using the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit;
determine an inductor element configuration in the variable inductance inductor module to provide the determined inductance value; and
cause the third plurality of switch elements to transition to a state to provide the inductor element configuration in the variable inductance inductor module. 35. The power delivery system of claim 26, further comprising one or more capacitive elements conductively coupled to the at least one power delivery circuit. 36. A voltage regulation method, comprising:
receiving, by control circuitry, at least one signal containing information indicative of a load current supplied to a load by at least one power delivery circuit, the power delivery circuit including a conductively coupled inductor module; receiving, by control circuitry, at least one signal containing information indicative of an allowable current threshold of the inductor module conductively coupled to the power delivery circuit; and determining, by the control circuitry, whether the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold for the inductor module. 37. The power delivery method of claim 36 wherein receiving at least one signal containing information indicative of a load current supplied to a load by at least one power delivery circuit further comprises:
receiving, by control circuitry, the at least one signal containing information indicative of the load current supplied to the load disposed on a semiconductor die by at least one power delivery circuit, the power delivery circuit including an inductor module that includes one or more inductive elements disposed in a semiconductor package substrate, the semiconductor die conductively coupled to the semiconductor package substrate by an interposer layer die that includes a plurality of switches. 38. The power delivery method of claim 37 wherein receiving at least one signal containing information indicative of a load current supplied to a load by at least one power delivery circuit further comprises:
receiving, by control circuitry disposed at least partially in the interposer layer, at least one signal containing information indicative of the load current supplied to a load by the at least one power delivery circuit. 39. The power delivery method of claim 37, further comprising:
conductively coupling, by the control circuitry, a floating inductor module to the at least one power delivery circuit, responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold of the inductor module. 40. The method of claim 37, wherein conductively coupling a floating inductor module to the at least one power delivery circuit, responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold of the inductor module further comprises:
selectively positioning each of the plurality of switch elements disposed in the interposer layer to conductively couple the floating inductor module to the at least one power delivery circuit, responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold of the inductor module, the floating inductor module including one or more inductive elements disposed in the semiconductor package substrate. 41. The power delivery method of claim 37 wherein conductively coupling a floating inductor module to the at least one power delivery circuit, responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold of the inductor module comprises:
conductively coupling, by the control circuitry, a variable inductance floating inductor module to the at least one power delivery circuit responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold of the inductor module, the variable inductance floating inductor module including a second plurality of switch elements disposed in the interposer layer and a plurality of inductive elements disposed in the semiconductor package substrate. 42. The power delivery method of claim 41, further comprising:
determining, by the control circuitry, an inductance value for the variable inductance floating inductor module using the load current supplied to the load by the at least one power delivery circuit and the allowable current threshold for the inductor module conductively coupled to the power delivery circuit; determining, by the control circuitry, an inductor element configuration in the variable inductance floating inductor module to provide the determined inductance value; and causing, by the control circuitry, the second plurality of switch elements to transition to a state that provides the determined inductor element configuration in the variable inductance floating inductor module. 43. The power delivery method of claim 38, further comprising:
responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit is less than the allowable current threshold, determining, by the control circuitry, an inductance value for a variable inductance inductor module conductively coupled to the at least one power delivery circuit, the inductance value determined using the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit, the variable inductance inductor module including a plurality of inductive elements disposed in the semiconductor package substrate;
determining an inductor element configuration in the variable inductance inductor module to provide the determined inductance value; and
causing each of a third plurality of switch elements disposed in the interposer layer to transition to a state to provide the inductor element configuration in the variable inductance inductor module. 44. The power delivery method of claim 36 wherein receiving at least one signal containing information indicative of a load current supplied to a load by at least one power delivery circuit further comprises:
receiving, by the control circuitry at least one signal containing information indicative of the load current supplied to a communicably coupled central processing unit (CPU) core by the at least one power delivery circuit. 45. A non-transitory storage medium that includes machine-readable instructions, that when executed by control circuitry, cause the control circuitry to:
receive, from at least one power delivery circuit, at least one signal containing information indicative of a load current supplied to a load by at least one power delivery circuit, the at least one power delivery circuit including a conductively coupled inductor module; receive at least one signal containing information indicative of an allowable current threshold of the inductor module conductively coupled to the at least one power delivery circuit; and determine whether the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold for the inductor module. 46. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 45 wherein the machine-readable instructions that cause the control circuitry to receive at least one signal containing information indicative of a load current supplied to a load by at least one power delivery circuit further causes the control circuitry to:
receive the at least one signal containing information indicative of the load current supplied to a load disposed in a semiconductor die by at least one power delivery circuit that includes an inductor module, the inductor module including at least one inductive element disposed in a semiconductor package substrate. 47. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 46 wherein the machine-readable instructions further cause the control circuitry to:
conductively couple a floating inductor module to the at least one power delivery circuit, responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold of the inductor module. 48. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 47 wherein the machine-readable instructions that cause the control circuitry to conductively couple a floating inductor module to the at least one power delivery circuit further cause the control circuitry to:
selectively position each of a plurality of switch elements disposed in the interposer layer to conductively couple a floating inductor module disposed in a semiconductor package substrate to the at least one power delivery circuit. 49. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 48 wherein the machine-readable instructions that cause the control circuitry to selectively position each of a plurality of switch elements disposed in the interposer layer to conductively couple a floating inductor module disposed in a semiconductor package substrate to the at least one power delivery circuit further cause the control circuitry to:
determine an inductance value for a variable inductance floating inductor module using the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit and the allowable current threshold for the inductor module conductively coupled to the at least one power delivery circuit;
determine an inductor element configuration in the variable inductance floating inductor module to provide the determined inductance value; and
cause a second plurality of switch elements to transition to a state that provides the determined inductor element configuration in the variable inductance floating inductor module, the second plurality of switch elements disposed in the interposer layer. 50. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 49 wherein the machine-readable instructions further cause the control circuitry to:
responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit is less than the allowable current threshold, determine an inductance value for a variable inductance inductor module conductively coupled to the at least one power delivery circuit, the inductance value determined using the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit, the variable inductance inductor module including a plurality of elements disposed in the semiconductor package substrate;
determine an inductor element configuration in the variable inductance inductor module to provide the determined inductance value; and
cause a third plurality of switch elements disposed in the interposer layer to transition to a state that provides the inductor element configuration in the inductor module. | An adjustable inductance system includes a plurality of inductor modules coupled to a corresponding plurality of loads and a pool of at least one floating inductor module that may be coupled in parallel with any one of the plurality of inductor modules. A control circuit monitors the current drawn through the inductor module by the load. If current draw exceeds a threshold, the control circuit couples a floating inductor module to the load. Using the current drawn by the load, the control circuit determines an appropriate inductance value and determines an appropriate inductor configuration for the inductor module, the floating inductor module, or both the inductor module and the floating inductor module to achieve the determined inductance value. The control circuit causes switching elements to transition to a state or position to achieve the inductor configuration.1-25. (canceled) 26. A power delivery system, comprising:
a plurality of power delivery circuits, each of the circuits to supply a load current to a respective one of a plurality of conductively coupled loads; a plurality of inductor modules, each of the plurality of inductor modules having an allowable current threshold, each of the plurality of inductor modules conductively coupled to a respective one of the power delivery circuits; at least one floating inductor module, the at least one floating inductor module conductively couplable to any of the plurality of power delivery circuits; and control circuitry to:
receive information indicative of the load current supplied to at least one power delivery circuit;
receive information indicative of the allowable current threshold of the at least one power delivery circuit; and
determine whether the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold for the inductor module conductively coupled to the at least one power delivery circuit. 27. The power delivery system of claim 26:
wherein each of the plurality of inductor modules comprises an inductor module formed in a semiconductor package substrate; wherein the at least one floating inductor module comprises at least one floating inductor module disposed in the semiconductor package substrate; wherein each of a plurality of switch elements selectively conductively couples the at least one floating inductor module to a respective one of the plurality of power delivery circuits. 28. The power delivery system of claim 27 wherein the control circuitry, responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold, to further:
conductively couple the floating inductor module to the at least one power delivery circuit. 29. The power delivery system of claim 28:
wherein the plurality of conductively coupled loads comprise loads disposed in one or more semiconductor dies included in the semiconductor package; and wherein the plurality of switch elements include a plurality of semiconductor devices disposed in an interposer layer conductively coupled between the one or more semiconductor dies and the semiconductor package substrate. 30. The power delivery system of any of claim 29:
wherein the at least one floating inductor module comprises a floating inductor module having at least one of:
a floating inductor module having a fixed inductance value; or
a variable inductance floating inductor module having a selectively variable inductance value provided by a plurality of inductive elements conductively coupled to a second plurality of switch elements, each of the second plurality of switch elements conductively coupled to the control circuitry; and
wherein each of the plurality of inductor modules comprises an inductor module having at least one of:
an inductor module having a fixed inductance value; or
a variable inductance inductor module having a selectively variable inductance value provided by a plurality of inductive elements conductively coupled to a third plurality of switches, each of the third plurality of switches conductively coupled to the control circuitry. 31. The power delivery system of claim 29 wherein the interposer layer includes at least a portion of the control circuitry. 32. The power delivery system of claim 30:
wherein the second plurality of switch elements is disposed in the interposer layer; and wherein the third plurality of switch elements is disposed in the interposer layer. 33. The power delivery system of claim 30:
wherein the floating inductor module comprises a variable inductance floating inductor module; and wherein the control circuitry, responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold, to further:
determine an inductance value for the variable inductance floating inductor module using the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit and the allowable current threshold for the inductor module conductively coupled to the at least one power delivery circuit;
determine an inductor element configuration in the variable inductance floating inductor module to provide the determined inductance value; and
cause the second plurality of switch elements to transition to a state to provide the inductor element configuration in the variable inductance floating inductor module. 34. The power delivery system of claim 30:
wherein the inductor module comprises a variable inductance inductor module; and wherein the control circuitry, responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit is less than the allowable current threshold, to further:
determine an inductance value for the variable inductance inductor module using the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit;
determine an inductor element configuration in the variable inductance inductor module to provide the determined inductance value; and
cause the third plurality of switch elements to transition to a state to provide the inductor element configuration in the variable inductance inductor module. 35. The power delivery system of claim 26, further comprising one or more capacitive elements conductively coupled to the at least one power delivery circuit. 36. A voltage regulation method, comprising:
receiving, by control circuitry, at least one signal containing information indicative of a load current supplied to a load by at least one power delivery circuit, the power delivery circuit including a conductively coupled inductor module; receiving, by control circuitry, at least one signal containing information indicative of an allowable current threshold of the inductor module conductively coupled to the power delivery circuit; and determining, by the control circuitry, whether the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold for the inductor module. 37. The power delivery method of claim 36 wherein receiving at least one signal containing information indicative of a load current supplied to a load by at least one power delivery circuit further comprises:
receiving, by control circuitry, the at least one signal containing information indicative of the load current supplied to the load disposed on a semiconductor die by at least one power delivery circuit, the power delivery circuit including an inductor module that includes one or more inductive elements disposed in a semiconductor package substrate, the semiconductor die conductively coupled to the semiconductor package substrate by an interposer layer die that includes a plurality of switches. 38. The power delivery method of claim 37 wherein receiving at least one signal containing information indicative of a load current supplied to a load by at least one power delivery circuit further comprises:
receiving, by control circuitry disposed at least partially in the interposer layer, at least one signal containing information indicative of the load current supplied to a load by the at least one power delivery circuit. 39. The power delivery method of claim 37, further comprising:
conductively coupling, by the control circuitry, a floating inductor module to the at least one power delivery circuit, responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold of the inductor module. 40. The method of claim 37, wherein conductively coupling a floating inductor module to the at least one power delivery circuit, responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold of the inductor module further comprises:
selectively positioning each of the plurality of switch elements disposed in the interposer layer to conductively couple the floating inductor module to the at least one power delivery circuit, responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold of the inductor module, the floating inductor module including one or more inductive elements disposed in the semiconductor package substrate. 41. The power delivery method of claim 37 wherein conductively coupling a floating inductor module to the at least one power delivery circuit, responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold of the inductor module comprises:
conductively coupling, by the control circuitry, a variable inductance floating inductor module to the at least one power delivery circuit responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold of the inductor module, the variable inductance floating inductor module including a second plurality of switch elements disposed in the interposer layer and a plurality of inductive elements disposed in the semiconductor package substrate. 42. The power delivery method of claim 41, further comprising:
determining, by the control circuitry, an inductance value for the variable inductance floating inductor module using the load current supplied to the load by the at least one power delivery circuit and the allowable current threshold for the inductor module conductively coupled to the power delivery circuit; determining, by the control circuitry, an inductor element configuration in the variable inductance floating inductor module to provide the determined inductance value; and causing, by the control circuitry, the second plurality of switch elements to transition to a state that provides the determined inductor element configuration in the variable inductance floating inductor module. 43. The power delivery method of claim 38, further comprising:
responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit is less than the allowable current threshold, determining, by the control circuitry, an inductance value for a variable inductance inductor module conductively coupled to the at least one power delivery circuit, the inductance value determined using the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit, the variable inductance inductor module including a plurality of inductive elements disposed in the semiconductor package substrate;
determining an inductor element configuration in the variable inductance inductor module to provide the determined inductance value; and
causing each of a third plurality of switch elements disposed in the interposer layer to transition to a state to provide the inductor element configuration in the variable inductance inductor module. 44. The power delivery method of claim 36 wherein receiving at least one signal containing information indicative of a load current supplied to a load by at least one power delivery circuit further comprises:
receiving, by the control circuitry at least one signal containing information indicative of the load current supplied to a communicably coupled central processing unit (CPU) core by the at least one power delivery circuit. 45. A non-transitory storage medium that includes machine-readable instructions, that when executed by control circuitry, cause the control circuitry to:
receive, from at least one power delivery circuit, at least one signal containing information indicative of a load current supplied to a load by at least one power delivery circuit, the at least one power delivery circuit including a conductively coupled inductor module; receive at least one signal containing information indicative of an allowable current threshold of the inductor module conductively coupled to the at least one power delivery circuit; and determine whether the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold for the inductor module. 46. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 45 wherein the machine-readable instructions that cause the control circuitry to receive at least one signal containing information indicative of a load current supplied to a load by at least one power delivery circuit further causes the control circuitry to:
receive the at least one signal containing information indicative of the load current supplied to a load disposed in a semiconductor die by at least one power delivery circuit that includes an inductor module, the inductor module including at least one inductive element disposed in a semiconductor package substrate. 47. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 46 wherein the machine-readable instructions further cause the control circuitry to:
conductively couple a floating inductor module to the at least one power delivery circuit, responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit exceeds the allowable current threshold of the inductor module. 48. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 47 wherein the machine-readable instructions that cause the control circuitry to conductively couple a floating inductor module to the at least one power delivery circuit further cause the control circuitry to:
selectively position each of a plurality of switch elements disposed in the interposer layer to conductively couple a floating inductor module disposed in a semiconductor package substrate to the at least one power delivery circuit. 49. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 48 wherein the machine-readable instructions that cause the control circuitry to selectively position each of a plurality of switch elements disposed in the interposer layer to conductively couple a floating inductor module disposed in a semiconductor package substrate to the at least one power delivery circuit further cause the control circuitry to:
determine an inductance value for a variable inductance floating inductor module using the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit and the allowable current threshold for the inductor module conductively coupled to the at least one power delivery circuit;
determine an inductor element configuration in the variable inductance floating inductor module to provide the determined inductance value; and
cause a second plurality of switch elements to transition to a state that provides the determined inductor element configuration in the variable inductance floating inductor module, the second plurality of switch elements disposed in the interposer layer. 50. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 49 wherein the machine-readable instructions further cause the control circuitry to:
responsive to determining the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit is less than the allowable current threshold, determine an inductance value for a variable inductance inductor module conductively coupled to the at least one power delivery circuit, the inductance value determined using the load current supplied by the at least one power delivery circuit, the variable inductance inductor module including a plurality of elements disposed in the semiconductor package substrate;
determine an inductor element configuration in the variable inductance inductor module to provide the determined inductance value; and
cause a third plurality of switch elements disposed in the interposer layer to transition to a state that provides the inductor element configuration in the inductor module. | 2,100 |
340,805 | 16,642,291 | 2,185 | A pharmaceutical composition for treating an ischemic tissue, comprising: a core component and a matrix component, wherein the core component includes a heparin or derivative thereof and the matrix component includes a hyaluronan or derivative thereof, the pharmaceutical composition having a viscosity greater than 10 mPa-s. | 1. A pharmaceutical composition for treating an ischemic tissue, comprising: a core component and a matrix component, wherein the core component includes a heparin or derivative thereof and the matrix component includes a hyaluronan or derivative thereof, the pharmaceutical composition having a viscosity greater than 10 mPa·s. 2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity is 10 to 10000 mPa·s. 3. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2, wherein the hyaluronan has a mean molecular weight of 100 kDa to 5000 kDa. 4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the hyaluronan has a mean molecular weight of 700 kDa to 2000 kDa. 5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains 1 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml of the hyaluronan. 6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity is within the range of viscosities of 3 to 10 mg/ml of hyaluronan having a mean molecular weight of 700 to 2000 kDa. 7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity is the same as the viscosity of 5 mg/ml of hyaluronan having a mean molecular weight of 1560 kDa. 8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 6, wherein the mean molecular weight of the hyaluronan is 700 to 2000 kDa and the concentration of the hyaluronan is 3 to 10 mg/ml. 9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 7, wherein the mean molecular weight of the hyaluronan is 1560 kDa and the concentration of the hyaluronan is 5 mg/ml. 10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the matrix component further includes a collagen, an extracellular matrix factor, a protein, or a polysaccharide. 11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the heparin or derivative thereof is selected from the group consisting of unfractionated heparin (UFH), fractionated heparin (low molecular weight heparin), heparinoid, enoxaparin, dalteparin, or tinzaparin. 12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains 0.0001 U to 10 U per 100 μl of the heparin or derivative thereof. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the core component further includes a thrombolytic drug or angiogenic compound. 14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 13, wherein thrombolytic drug or angiogenic compound is selected from the group consisting of ticlopidine, warfarin, tissue plasminogen activator, eminase, retavase, streptase, tissue plasminogen activator, tenecteplase, abbokinase, kinlytic, urokinase, prourokinase, anisoylated purified streptokinase activator complex (APSAC), fibrin, plasmin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is directly administered to the ischemic tissue but is not administered intravenously. 16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15, wherein the ischemic tissue is an ulcer, or in a heart or limb in a subject. 17. A method of treating an ischemic tissue in a subject, comprising:
administering a pharmaceutical composition directly to the ischemic tissue, provided that the pharmaceutical composition is not administered intravenously; wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains a core component and a matrix component, the core component containing a heparin or derivative thereof, and the matrix component including a hyaluronan or derivative thereof and having a viscosity greater than 10 mPa·s. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the ischemic tissue is an ulcer or in a heart or limb. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the ischemic tissue is a muscle. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the subject has diabetes. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the matrix component has a viscosity no greater than 10000 mPa·s and includes a hyaluronan having a mean molecular weight of 100 kDa to 5000 kDa, the hyaluronan being at a concentration of 1 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml of the pharmaceutical composition. 22-34. (canceled) | A pharmaceutical composition for treating an ischemic tissue, comprising: a core component and a matrix component, wherein the core component includes a heparin or derivative thereof and the matrix component includes a hyaluronan or derivative thereof, the pharmaceutical composition having a viscosity greater than 10 mPa-s.1. A pharmaceutical composition for treating an ischemic tissue, comprising: a core component and a matrix component, wherein the core component includes a heparin or derivative thereof and the matrix component includes a hyaluronan or derivative thereof, the pharmaceutical composition having a viscosity greater than 10 mPa·s. 2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity is 10 to 10000 mPa·s. 3. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2, wherein the hyaluronan has a mean molecular weight of 100 kDa to 5000 kDa. 4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the hyaluronan has a mean molecular weight of 700 kDa to 2000 kDa. 5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains 1 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml of the hyaluronan. 6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity is within the range of viscosities of 3 to 10 mg/ml of hyaluronan having a mean molecular weight of 700 to 2000 kDa. 7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity is the same as the viscosity of 5 mg/ml of hyaluronan having a mean molecular weight of 1560 kDa. 8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 6, wherein the mean molecular weight of the hyaluronan is 700 to 2000 kDa and the concentration of the hyaluronan is 3 to 10 mg/ml. 9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 7, wherein the mean molecular weight of the hyaluronan is 1560 kDa and the concentration of the hyaluronan is 5 mg/ml. 10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the matrix component further includes a collagen, an extracellular matrix factor, a protein, or a polysaccharide. 11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the heparin or derivative thereof is selected from the group consisting of unfractionated heparin (UFH), fractionated heparin (low molecular weight heparin), heparinoid, enoxaparin, dalteparin, or tinzaparin. 12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains 0.0001 U to 10 U per 100 μl of the heparin or derivative thereof. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the core component further includes a thrombolytic drug or angiogenic compound. 14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 13, wherein thrombolytic drug or angiogenic compound is selected from the group consisting of ticlopidine, warfarin, tissue plasminogen activator, eminase, retavase, streptase, tissue plasminogen activator, tenecteplase, abbokinase, kinlytic, urokinase, prourokinase, anisoylated purified streptokinase activator complex (APSAC), fibrin, plasmin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is directly administered to the ischemic tissue but is not administered intravenously. 16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15, wherein the ischemic tissue is an ulcer, or in a heart or limb in a subject. 17. A method of treating an ischemic tissue in a subject, comprising:
administering a pharmaceutical composition directly to the ischemic tissue, provided that the pharmaceutical composition is not administered intravenously; wherein the pharmaceutical composition contains a core component and a matrix component, the core component containing a heparin or derivative thereof, and the matrix component including a hyaluronan or derivative thereof and having a viscosity greater than 10 mPa·s. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the ischemic tissue is an ulcer or in a heart or limb. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the ischemic tissue is a muscle. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the subject has diabetes. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the matrix component has a viscosity no greater than 10000 mPa·s and includes a hyaluronan having a mean molecular weight of 100 kDa to 5000 kDa, the hyaluronan being at a concentration of 1 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml of the pharmaceutical composition. 22-34. (canceled) | 2,100 |
340,806 | 16,642,280 | 2,185 | An embodiment provides a stator comprising a stator core having a plurality of teeth and coils wound around the teeth, wherein the tooth includes a body around which the coil is wound and a shoe connected to the body, the shoe includes a plurality of grooves and a curvature center of the inner peripheral surface of the shoe is the same as the center of the stator core. | 1-3. (canceled) 4. A motor comprising:
a shaft; a rotor including a hole into which the shaft is inserted; and a stator disposed on an outer side of the rotor, wherein the stator includes a stator core having a plurality of teeth, and a coil wound around each of the teeth, each of the teeth includes a body around which the coil is wound and a shoe connected to the body, the shoe includes a plurality of grooves, a curvature center of an inner circumferential surface of the shoe is equal to that of the stator core, the rotor includes a cylindrical rotor core and a plurality of magnets disposed to surround an outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, each magnet has an inner circumferential surface in contact with the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, and, when an angle formed by the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core divided by the number of the magnets is referred to as a first angle, the magnet has a second angle between a first extension line and a second extension line, which extend from two end points of the inner circumferential surface of the magnet to a center point of the rotor core on transverse cross sections of the rotor core and the magnet, and a ratio of the second angle to the first angle ranges from 0.92 to 0.95. 5. The motor of claim 4, wherein, when a curvature radius of an outer circumferential surface of the magnet is referred to as a first radius, and a curvature radius of the inner circumferential surface of the magnet is referred to as a second radius, the rotor has a ratio of the first radius to the second radius ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 on transverse cross sections of the rotor core and the magnet. 6. The motor of claim 4, wherein two of the grooves are symmetrically disposed based on a reference line passing through a center of a width of the shoe in a circumferential direction and a center of the stator core. 7. The motor of claim 4, wherein a cogging torque waveform has a number of vibrations that is three times the least common multiple of the number of magnets and the number of the teeth during a unit rotation. 8. The motor of claim 4, wherein the plurality of magnets are disposed in one stage on the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, and the plurality of magnets are disposed to be spaced a predetermined interval from each other. 9. A motor comprising:
a shaft; a rotor to which the shaft is coupled; a stator disposed on an outer side of the rotor, wherein the stator includes a stator core having a plurality of teeth, and a coil wound around each of the teeth, each of the teeth includes a body part around which the coil is wound, a protrusion disposed on an end portion of the body part, and a groove formed on an inner surface of the protrusion, and wherein the width (W22) of the groove is 1.05 to 1.1 times the distance (W21) between one end of the protrusion of one tooth among the plurality of teeth and one end of the protrusion of another tooth adjacent to the one tooth. 10. (canceled) 11. The motor of claim 9, wherein:
a side surface of the protrusion includes a first surface extending from the body part and a second surface extending from the first surface; and a depth (D) of the groove is 0.7 to 1.3 times a length (L20) of the second surface in a radial direction. 12. The motor of claim 9, wherein a depth (D) of the groove is 0.175 to 0.325 times the distance (W21). 13-17. (canceled) 18. The motor of claim 9, wherein a ratio of the width (W22) of the groove to the depth (D) of the groove ranges from 3.23 to 3.38. 19. A motor comprising:
a shaft; a rotor to which the shaft is coupled; and a stator disposed on an outer side of the rotor, wherein the stator includes a stator core having a plurality of teeth, and a coil wound around each of the teeth, each of the teeth includes a body part around which the coil is wound, a protrusion disposed on an end portion of the body part, and a groove formed to be concave on an inner surface of the protrusion, and a depth (D) of the groove is 0.175 to 0.325 times a distance (W21) between one end of one protrusion of one tooth among the plurality of teeth and one end of another protrusion of another tooth adjacent to one tooth. 20. The motor of claim 9, wherein a cross section of the groove perpendicular to an axial direction of the shaft has a quadrangular shape, and the groove is provided as two grooves. 21. The motor of claim 20, wherein a first distance (L21) between the grooves is equal to a second distance (L22) from one end of the protrusion to the groove. 22. The motor of claim 20, wherein two of the grooves are symmetrically disposed based on a reference line (CL) passing through a center of a width of the protrusion in a circumferential direction and a center of the body part. 23. The motor of claim 9, wherein:
the magnets of the rotor are provided as eight magnets; and the teeth of the stator are provided as twelve teeth. 24. The motor of claim 19, wherein a cross section of the groove perpendicular to an axial direction of the shaft has a quadrangular shape, and the groove is provided as two grooves. 25. The motor of claim 24, wherein a first distance (L21) between the grooves is equal to a second distance (L22) from one end of the protrusion to the groove. 26. The motor of claim 24, wherein two of the grooves are symmetrically disposed based on a reference line (CL) passing through a center of a width of the protrusion in a circumferential direction and a center of the body part. 27. The motor of claim 19, wherein:
the magnets of the rotor are provided as eight magnets; and the teeth of the stator are provided as twelve teeth. | An embodiment provides a stator comprising a stator core having a plurality of teeth and coils wound around the teeth, wherein the tooth includes a body around which the coil is wound and a shoe connected to the body, the shoe includes a plurality of grooves and a curvature center of the inner peripheral surface of the shoe is the same as the center of the stator core.1-3. (canceled) 4. A motor comprising:
a shaft; a rotor including a hole into which the shaft is inserted; and a stator disposed on an outer side of the rotor, wherein the stator includes a stator core having a plurality of teeth, and a coil wound around each of the teeth, each of the teeth includes a body around which the coil is wound and a shoe connected to the body, the shoe includes a plurality of grooves, a curvature center of an inner circumferential surface of the shoe is equal to that of the stator core, the rotor includes a cylindrical rotor core and a plurality of magnets disposed to surround an outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, each magnet has an inner circumferential surface in contact with the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, and, when an angle formed by the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core divided by the number of the magnets is referred to as a first angle, the magnet has a second angle between a first extension line and a second extension line, which extend from two end points of the inner circumferential surface of the magnet to a center point of the rotor core on transverse cross sections of the rotor core and the magnet, and a ratio of the second angle to the first angle ranges from 0.92 to 0.95. 5. The motor of claim 4, wherein, when a curvature radius of an outer circumferential surface of the magnet is referred to as a first radius, and a curvature radius of the inner circumferential surface of the magnet is referred to as a second radius, the rotor has a ratio of the first radius to the second radius ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 on transverse cross sections of the rotor core and the magnet. 6. The motor of claim 4, wherein two of the grooves are symmetrically disposed based on a reference line passing through a center of a width of the shoe in a circumferential direction and a center of the stator core. 7. The motor of claim 4, wherein a cogging torque waveform has a number of vibrations that is three times the least common multiple of the number of magnets and the number of the teeth during a unit rotation. 8. The motor of claim 4, wherein the plurality of magnets are disposed in one stage on the outer circumferential surface of the rotor core, and the plurality of magnets are disposed to be spaced a predetermined interval from each other. 9. A motor comprising:
a shaft; a rotor to which the shaft is coupled; a stator disposed on an outer side of the rotor, wherein the stator includes a stator core having a plurality of teeth, and a coil wound around each of the teeth, each of the teeth includes a body part around which the coil is wound, a protrusion disposed on an end portion of the body part, and a groove formed on an inner surface of the protrusion, and wherein the width (W22) of the groove is 1.05 to 1.1 times the distance (W21) between one end of the protrusion of one tooth among the plurality of teeth and one end of the protrusion of another tooth adjacent to the one tooth. 10. (canceled) 11. The motor of claim 9, wherein:
a side surface of the protrusion includes a first surface extending from the body part and a second surface extending from the first surface; and a depth (D) of the groove is 0.7 to 1.3 times a length (L20) of the second surface in a radial direction. 12. The motor of claim 9, wherein a depth (D) of the groove is 0.175 to 0.325 times the distance (W21). 13-17. (canceled) 18. The motor of claim 9, wherein a ratio of the width (W22) of the groove to the depth (D) of the groove ranges from 3.23 to 3.38. 19. A motor comprising:
a shaft; a rotor to which the shaft is coupled; and a stator disposed on an outer side of the rotor, wherein the stator includes a stator core having a plurality of teeth, and a coil wound around each of the teeth, each of the teeth includes a body part around which the coil is wound, a protrusion disposed on an end portion of the body part, and a groove formed to be concave on an inner surface of the protrusion, and a depth (D) of the groove is 0.175 to 0.325 times a distance (W21) between one end of one protrusion of one tooth among the plurality of teeth and one end of another protrusion of another tooth adjacent to one tooth. 20. The motor of claim 9, wherein a cross section of the groove perpendicular to an axial direction of the shaft has a quadrangular shape, and the groove is provided as two grooves. 21. The motor of claim 20, wherein a first distance (L21) between the grooves is equal to a second distance (L22) from one end of the protrusion to the groove. 22. The motor of claim 20, wherein two of the grooves are symmetrically disposed based on a reference line (CL) passing through a center of a width of the protrusion in a circumferential direction and a center of the body part. 23. The motor of claim 9, wherein:
the magnets of the rotor are provided as eight magnets; and the teeth of the stator are provided as twelve teeth. 24. The motor of claim 19, wherein a cross section of the groove perpendicular to an axial direction of the shaft has a quadrangular shape, and the groove is provided as two grooves. 25. The motor of claim 24, wherein a first distance (L21) between the grooves is equal to a second distance (L22) from one end of the protrusion to the groove. 26. The motor of claim 24, wherein two of the grooves are symmetrically disposed based on a reference line (CL) passing through a center of a width of the protrusion in a circumferential direction and a center of the body part. 27. The motor of claim 19, wherein:
the magnets of the rotor are provided as eight magnets; and the teeth of the stator are provided as twelve teeth. | 2,100 |
340,807 | 16,642,269 | 2,185 | A backlight assembly, a method for manufacturing the same and a display device are provided. The backlight assembly includes: a light guide plate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, a reflective layer at a position adjacent to the first surface of the light guide plate, and a piezoelectric unit on a surface of the reflective layer distal to the light guide plate. The piezoelectric unit is configured to undergo deformation in a direction close to the first surface and in a direction away from the first surface according to an audio voltage applied to the piezoelectric unit, and drive the reflective layer to undergo deformation to emit a sound. | 1. A backlight assembly, comprising
a light guide plate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; a reflective layer at a position adjacent to the first surface of the light guide plate; and a piezoelectric unit on a surface of the reflective layer distal to the light guide plate; wherein the piezoelectric unit is configured to undergo deformation in a direction close to the first surface and in a direction away from the first surface according to an audio voltage applied to the piezoelectric unit, and drive the reflective layer to undergo deformation to emit a sound. 2. The backlight assembly according to claim 1, further comprising
fixing components for fixing both ends of the reflective layer in a direction parallel to the first surface. 3. The backlight assembly according to claim 1, further comprising
conductive terminals at both ends of the piezoelectric unit in a direction parallel to the first surface; and signal input lines connected to the conductive terminals, respectively; wherein the signal input lines are configured to apply the audio voltage to the piezoelectric unit through the conductive terminals, respectively. 4. The backlight assembly according to claim 3, wherein a material of each of the conductive terminals comprises silver. 5. The backlight assembly according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric unit comprises at least one piezoelectric ceramic sheet. 6. The backlight assembly according to claim 5, wherein the piezoelectric unit comprises a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic sheets, and the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic sheets are stacked on each other in a direction perpendicular to the first surface. 7. The backlight assembly according to claim 1, further comprising
a light source on a side of the light guide plate substantially perpendicular to the first surface. 8. The backlight assembly according to claim 7, wherein the side is a light incident side of the light guide plate, and the second surface is a light exit surface of the light guide plate. 9. The backlight assembly according to claim 1, further comprising an air gap between the light guide plate and the reflective layer. 10. The backlight assembly according to claim 2, wherein each of the fixing components comprises one of an adhesive tape and a clamp. 11. A display device, comprising the backlight assembly according to claim 1. 12. The display device according to claim 11, further comprising
a back frame for fixing the piezoelectric unit. 13. The display device according to claim 12, wherein both ends of the reflective layer in a direction parallel to the first surface are fixed to the back frame by at least two fixing components, respectively. 14. The display device according to claim 11, further comprising
a display panel on the second surface of the backlight assembly. 15. The display device according to claim 14, further comprising
a voltage supply circuit configured to supply the audio voltage to the piezoelectric unit and supply a gray-scale voltage to the display panel to display a picture. 16. The display device according to claim 15, wherein the voltage supply circuit comprises a controller, an audio voltage supply sub-circuit, and a gray-scale voltage supply sub-circuit, wherein
the controller is configured to control the audio voltage supply sub-circuit and the gray-scale voltage supply sub-circuit to operate synchronously; the audio voltage supply sub-circuit is configured to output the audio voltage to the piezoelectric unit for sound emission; and the gray-scale voltage supply sub-circuit is configured to output the gray-scale voltage to the display panel. 17. A method for manufacturing a backlight assembly, comprising
preparing a light guide plate, wherein the light guide plate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; disposing a reflective layer at a position adjacent to the first surface of the light guide plate; and forming a piezoelectric unit on a surface of the reflective layer distal to the light guide plate, wherein the piezoelectric unit is configured to undergo deformation in a direction close to the first surface and in a direction away from the first surface according to an audio voltage applied to the piezoelectric unit, and drive the reflective layer to undergo deformation to emit a sound. 18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising
fixing both ends of the reflective layer in a direction parallel to the first surface by using fixing components, respectively. 19. The method according to claim 17, further comprising
arranging conductive terminals at both ends of the piezoelectric unit in a direction parallel to the first surface, respectively; and connecting signal input lines to the conductive terminals, respectively; wherein the signal input lines are configured to apply the audio voltage to the piezoelectric unit through the conductive terminals, respectively. 20. The method according to claim 17, wherein the forming a piezoelectric unit on a surface of the reflective layer distal to the light guide plate comprises: forming at least one piezoelectric ceramic sheet on the surface of the reflective layer distal to the light guide plate. | A backlight assembly, a method for manufacturing the same and a display device are provided. The backlight assembly includes: a light guide plate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, a reflective layer at a position adjacent to the first surface of the light guide plate, and a piezoelectric unit on a surface of the reflective layer distal to the light guide plate. The piezoelectric unit is configured to undergo deformation in a direction close to the first surface and in a direction away from the first surface according to an audio voltage applied to the piezoelectric unit, and drive the reflective layer to undergo deformation to emit a sound.1. A backlight assembly, comprising
a light guide plate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; a reflective layer at a position adjacent to the first surface of the light guide plate; and a piezoelectric unit on a surface of the reflective layer distal to the light guide plate; wherein the piezoelectric unit is configured to undergo deformation in a direction close to the first surface and in a direction away from the first surface according to an audio voltage applied to the piezoelectric unit, and drive the reflective layer to undergo deformation to emit a sound. 2. The backlight assembly according to claim 1, further comprising
fixing components for fixing both ends of the reflective layer in a direction parallel to the first surface. 3. The backlight assembly according to claim 1, further comprising
conductive terminals at both ends of the piezoelectric unit in a direction parallel to the first surface; and signal input lines connected to the conductive terminals, respectively; wherein the signal input lines are configured to apply the audio voltage to the piezoelectric unit through the conductive terminals, respectively. 4. The backlight assembly according to claim 3, wherein a material of each of the conductive terminals comprises silver. 5. The backlight assembly according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric unit comprises at least one piezoelectric ceramic sheet. 6. The backlight assembly according to claim 5, wherein the piezoelectric unit comprises a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic sheets, and the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic sheets are stacked on each other in a direction perpendicular to the first surface. 7. The backlight assembly according to claim 1, further comprising
a light source on a side of the light guide plate substantially perpendicular to the first surface. 8. The backlight assembly according to claim 7, wherein the side is a light incident side of the light guide plate, and the second surface is a light exit surface of the light guide plate. 9. The backlight assembly according to claim 1, further comprising an air gap between the light guide plate and the reflective layer. 10. The backlight assembly according to claim 2, wherein each of the fixing components comprises one of an adhesive tape and a clamp. 11. A display device, comprising the backlight assembly according to claim 1. 12. The display device according to claim 11, further comprising
a back frame for fixing the piezoelectric unit. 13. The display device according to claim 12, wherein both ends of the reflective layer in a direction parallel to the first surface are fixed to the back frame by at least two fixing components, respectively. 14. The display device according to claim 11, further comprising
a display panel on the second surface of the backlight assembly. 15. The display device according to claim 14, further comprising
a voltage supply circuit configured to supply the audio voltage to the piezoelectric unit and supply a gray-scale voltage to the display panel to display a picture. 16. The display device according to claim 15, wherein the voltage supply circuit comprises a controller, an audio voltage supply sub-circuit, and a gray-scale voltage supply sub-circuit, wherein
the controller is configured to control the audio voltage supply sub-circuit and the gray-scale voltage supply sub-circuit to operate synchronously; the audio voltage supply sub-circuit is configured to output the audio voltage to the piezoelectric unit for sound emission; and the gray-scale voltage supply sub-circuit is configured to output the gray-scale voltage to the display panel. 17. A method for manufacturing a backlight assembly, comprising
preparing a light guide plate, wherein the light guide plate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; disposing a reflective layer at a position adjacent to the first surface of the light guide plate; and forming a piezoelectric unit on a surface of the reflective layer distal to the light guide plate, wherein the piezoelectric unit is configured to undergo deformation in a direction close to the first surface and in a direction away from the first surface according to an audio voltage applied to the piezoelectric unit, and drive the reflective layer to undergo deformation to emit a sound. 18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising
fixing both ends of the reflective layer in a direction parallel to the first surface by using fixing components, respectively. 19. The method according to claim 17, further comprising
arranging conductive terminals at both ends of the piezoelectric unit in a direction parallel to the first surface, respectively; and connecting signal input lines to the conductive terminals, respectively; wherein the signal input lines are configured to apply the audio voltage to the piezoelectric unit through the conductive terminals, respectively. 20. The method according to claim 17, wherein the forming a piezoelectric unit on a surface of the reflective layer distal to the light guide plate comprises: forming at least one piezoelectric ceramic sheet on the surface of the reflective layer distal to the light guide plate. | 2,100 |
340,808 | 16,642,307 | 2,185 | Disclosed is cerebrolysin for use in reducing mortality in CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) patients. | 1.-12. (canceled) 13. A method of treating a patient with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts (CADASIL) comprising:
obtaining cerebrolysin; and administering the cerebrolysin to a patient; 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the patient with CADASIL has a mutation in the Notch3 gene. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated with a cerebrolysin preparation containing 50 to 1000 mg cerebrolysin concentrate per ml in aqueous solution. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated with a cerebrolysin preparation containing 150 to 250 mg of cerebrolysin concentrate per ml in aqueous solution. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated with a dose in the range of 0.1 to 100 ml cerebrolysin corresponding to 21.5 to 21,520 mg of cerebrolysin concentrate. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated with a dose in the range 1 to 50 ml. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated with an intramuscularly administered dose of 0.1 to 10 ml corresponding to 21.5 mg to 2,152 mg cerebrolysin concentrate. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated with an intramuscularly administered dose of 0.5 to 5 ml. 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated with an intravenously administered dose of 0.1 to 100 ml corresponding to 215.2 to 21,520 mg cerebrolysin concentrate. 22. The method of claim 13, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated with an intravenously administered dose of 1 to 50 ml. 23. The method of claim 13, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated by continuously infusing cerebrolysin. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein infusion is performed for an infusion duration of 5 min to 4 h and/or wherein infusion is performed for from 1 day to 100 days. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein infusion is performed for an infusion duration of 15 to 60 min and/or wherein infusion is performed for from 10 to 30 days. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein infusion is performed once per day. 27. The method of claim 13, wherein the cerebrolysin is diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride solution, Ringer's solution, or 5% glucose. 28. The method of claim 13, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated with a cerebrolysin preparation containing sodium hydroxide. 29. The method of claim 13, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated in treatment cycles which are repeated after a treatment-free period of 1 to 6 months. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated in treatment cycles which are repeated after a treatment-free period of 2 to 3 months. | Disclosed is cerebrolysin for use in reducing mortality in CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) patients.1.-12. (canceled) 13. A method of treating a patient with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts (CADASIL) comprising:
obtaining cerebrolysin; and administering the cerebrolysin to a patient; 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the patient with CADASIL has a mutation in the Notch3 gene. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated with a cerebrolysin preparation containing 50 to 1000 mg cerebrolysin concentrate per ml in aqueous solution. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated with a cerebrolysin preparation containing 150 to 250 mg of cerebrolysin concentrate per ml in aqueous solution. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated with a dose in the range of 0.1 to 100 ml cerebrolysin corresponding to 21.5 to 21,520 mg of cerebrolysin concentrate. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated with a dose in the range 1 to 50 ml. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated with an intramuscularly administered dose of 0.1 to 10 ml corresponding to 21.5 mg to 2,152 mg cerebrolysin concentrate. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated with an intramuscularly administered dose of 0.5 to 5 ml. 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated with an intravenously administered dose of 0.1 to 100 ml corresponding to 215.2 to 21,520 mg cerebrolysin concentrate. 22. The method of claim 13, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated with an intravenously administered dose of 1 to 50 ml. 23. The method of claim 13, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated by continuously infusing cerebrolysin. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein infusion is performed for an infusion duration of 5 min to 4 h and/or wherein infusion is performed for from 1 day to 100 days. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein infusion is performed for an infusion duration of 15 to 60 min and/or wherein infusion is performed for from 10 to 30 days. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein infusion is performed once per day. 27. The method of claim 13, wherein the cerebrolysin is diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride solution, Ringer's solution, or 5% glucose. 28. The method of claim 13, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated with a cerebrolysin preparation containing sodium hydroxide. 29. The method of claim 13, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated in treatment cycles which are repeated after a treatment-free period of 1 to 6 months. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the patient with CADASIL is treated in treatment cycles which are repeated after a treatment-free period of 2 to 3 months. | 2,100 |
340,809 | 16,642,295 | 2,185 | A leak detector is provided for leak-testing objects that are to be tested by spraying tracer gas, the leak detector including: a detection inlet configured to be connected to an object that is to be tested; a pumping device including a vacuum line connected to the detection inlet, a rough-vacuum pump connected to the vacuum line, and a turbomolecular vacuum pump connected to the vacuum line, a delivery of which is connected to the rough-vacuum pump; and a gas detector connected to the turbomolecular vacuum pump, the pumping device further including an ancillary pump connected to the rough-vacuum pump and being configured to lower an ultimate-vacuum pressure of tracer gas in the rough-vacuum pump. A leak detection method for leak-testing objects that are to be tested by spraying tracer gas is also provided. | 1.-13. (canceled) 14. A leak detector for leak-testing objects that are to be tested by spraying tracer gas, the leak detector comprising:
a detection inlet configured to be connected to an object that is to be tested; a pumping device comprising:
a vacuum line connected to the detection inlet,
a rough-vacuum pump connected to the vacuum line, and
a turbomolecular vacuum pump connected to the vacuum line, a delivery of which is connected to the rough-vacuum pump; and
a gas detector connected to the turbomolecular vacuum pump, wherein the pumping device further comprises an ancillary pumping means connected to the rough-vacuum pump and being configured to lower an ultimate-vacuum pressure of tracer gas in the rough-vacuum pump. 15. The leak detector according to claim 14, further comprising:
a pressure sensor configured to measure a pressure in the vacuum line; and a control unit connected to the pressure sensor, wherein the pumping device further comprises an ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve controllable by the control unit, the ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve connecting the ancillary pumping means to the rough-vacuum pump, the control unit being further configured to command an opening of the ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve when a pressure measured by the pressure sensor is below or equal to a low-pressure threshold. 16. The leak detector according to claim 14, wherein the rough-vacuum pump comprises a plurality of pumping stages mounted in series, the ancillary pumping means being connected to an inter-stage canal of the rough-vacuum pump. 17. The leak detector according to claim 16, wherein the inter-stage canal connects a penultimate pumping stage among the plurality of pumping stages of the rough-vacuum pump to a last pumping stage among the plurality of pumping stages of the rough-vacuum pump. 18. The leak detector according to claim 15,
wherein the rough-vacuum pump comprises a plurality of pumping stages mounted in series, the ancillary pumping means being connected to an inter-stage canal of the rough-vacuum pump, the leak detector further comprising a purge device connected as a bypass of the ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve on the inter-stage canal. 19. The leak detector according to claim 15,
wherein the rough-vacuum pump comprises a plurality of pumping stages mounted in series, the ancillary pumping means being connected to an inter-stage canal of the rough-vacuum pump, and wherein the inter-stage canal connects a penultimate pumping stage among the plurality of pumping stages of the rough-vacuum pump to a last pumping stage among the plurality of pumping stages of the rough-vacuum pump, the leak detector further comprising a purge device connected as a bypass of the ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve on the inter-stage canal. 20. The leak detector according to claim 14, wherein the ancillary pumping means is connected to the delivery of the rough-vacuum pump. 21. The leak detector according to claim 14, wherein the ancillary pumping means comprises at least one ancillary pump. 22. The leak detector according to claim 21, wherein the at least one ancillary pump is a diaphragm pump. 23. The leak detector according to claim 14, wherein the ancillary pumping means comprises a vacuum reservoir, an ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve interposed between the vacuum reservoir and the rough-vacuum pump, and a vacuum-creating electrically-operated valve interposed between the vacuum reservoir and an intake of the rough-vacuum pump, the ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve and the vacuum-creating electrically-operated valve being controllable by a control unit of the leak detector. 24. A leak detection method for leak-testing objects that are to be tested by spraying tracer gas, which is implemented in a leak detector according to claim 14, wherein the ultimate-vacuum pressure of the tracer gas in the rough-vacuum pump is lowered using the ancillary pumping means. 25. The leak detection method according to claim 24, wherein an opening of an ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve connecting the ancillary pumping means to the rough-vacuum pump is commanded in order to lower the ultimate-vacuum pressure of the tracer gas in the rough-vacuum pump using the ancillary pumping means when a pressure measured in the vacuum line is below or equal to a low-pressure threshold below or equal to 100 Pa. 26. The leak detection method according to claim 24, wherein an opening of an ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve connecting the ancillary pumping means to the rough-vacuum pump is commanded in order to lower the ultimate-vacuum pressure of the tracer gas in the rough-vacuum pump using the ancillary pumping means when a pressure measured in the vacuum line is below or equal to a low-pressure threshold below or equal to 50 Pa. 27. The leak detection method according to claim 24, wherein upon a start-up of the leak detector a pressure in the vacuum line is lowered using the rough-vacuum pump and using an ancillary pump of the ancillary pumping means. 28. The leak detection method according to claim 24, wherein an opening of an ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve connecting the ancillary pumping means to the rough-vacuum pump is commanded in order to lower the ultimate-vacuum pressure of the tracer gas in the rough-vacuum pump using the ancillary pumping means when a pressure measured in the vacuum line is below or equal to a low-pressure threshold below or equal to 100 Pa, and
wherein a rotational speed of the rough-vacuum pump is reduced when the leak detector is not used for a period of time longer than a predefined period and an opening of the ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve is commanded. 29. The leak detection method according to claim 24,
wherein an opening of an ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve connecting the ancillary pumping means to the rough-vacuum pump is commanded in order to lower the ultimate-vacuum pressure of the tracer gas in the rough-vacuum pump using the ancillary pumping means when a pressure measured in the vacuum line is below or equal to a low-pressure threshold below or equal to 50 Pa, and wherein a rotational speed of the rough-vacuum pump is reduced when the leak detector is not used for a period of time longer than a predefined period and an opening of the ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve is commanded. 30. The leak detection method according to claim 24, wherein the ultimate-vacuum pressure in the rough-vacuum pump is lowered using the ancillary pumping means for a predefined period of time after an overall supply of power to the leak detector is cut off, a supply of power being furnished by a battery of the leak detector or by a kinetic energy recovery means of the leak detector being configured to recover kinetic energy of rotation of a rotor of the turbomolecular vacuum pump in a form of electrical energy. | A leak detector is provided for leak-testing objects that are to be tested by spraying tracer gas, the leak detector including: a detection inlet configured to be connected to an object that is to be tested; a pumping device including a vacuum line connected to the detection inlet, a rough-vacuum pump connected to the vacuum line, and a turbomolecular vacuum pump connected to the vacuum line, a delivery of which is connected to the rough-vacuum pump; and a gas detector connected to the turbomolecular vacuum pump, the pumping device further including an ancillary pump connected to the rough-vacuum pump and being configured to lower an ultimate-vacuum pressure of tracer gas in the rough-vacuum pump. A leak detection method for leak-testing objects that are to be tested by spraying tracer gas is also provided.1.-13. (canceled) 14. A leak detector for leak-testing objects that are to be tested by spraying tracer gas, the leak detector comprising:
a detection inlet configured to be connected to an object that is to be tested; a pumping device comprising:
a vacuum line connected to the detection inlet,
a rough-vacuum pump connected to the vacuum line, and
a turbomolecular vacuum pump connected to the vacuum line, a delivery of which is connected to the rough-vacuum pump; and
a gas detector connected to the turbomolecular vacuum pump, wherein the pumping device further comprises an ancillary pumping means connected to the rough-vacuum pump and being configured to lower an ultimate-vacuum pressure of tracer gas in the rough-vacuum pump. 15. The leak detector according to claim 14, further comprising:
a pressure sensor configured to measure a pressure in the vacuum line; and a control unit connected to the pressure sensor, wherein the pumping device further comprises an ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve controllable by the control unit, the ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve connecting the ancillary pumping means to the rough-vacuum pump, the control unit being further configured to command an opening of the ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve when a pressure measured by the pressure sensor is below or equal to a low-pressure threshold. 16. The leak detector according to claim 14, wherein the rough-vacuum pump comprises a plurality of pumping stages mounted in series, the ancillary pumping means being connected to an inter-stage canal of the rough-vacuum pump. 17. The leak detector according to claim 16, wherein the inter-stage canal connects a penultimate pumping stage among the plurality of pumping stages of the rough-vacuum pump to a last pumping stage among the plurality of pumping stages of the rough-vacuum pump. 18. The leak detector according to claim 15,
wherein the rough-vacuum pump comprises a plurality of pumping stages mounted in series, the ancillary pumping means being connected to an inter-stage canal of the rough-vacuum pump, the leak detector further comprising a purge device connected as a bypass of the ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve on the inter-stage canal. 19. The leak detector according to claim 15,
wherein the rough-vacuum pump comprises a plurality of pumping stages mounted in series, the ancillary pumping means being connected to an inter-stage canal of the rough-vacuum pump, and wherein the inter-stage canal connects a penultimate pumping stage among the plurality of pumping stages of the rough-vacuum pump to a last pumping stage among the plurality of pumping stages of the rough-vacuum pump, the leak detector further comprising a purge device connected as a bypass of the ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve on the inter-stage canal. 20. The leak detector according to claim 14, wherein the ancillary pumping means is connected to the delivery of the rough-vacuum pump. 21. The leak detector according to claim 14, wherein the ancillary pumping means comprises at least one ancillary pump. 22. The leak detector according to claim 21, wherein the at least one ancillary pump is a diaphragm pump. 23. The leak detector according to claim 14, wherein the ancillary pumping means comprises a vacuum reservoir, an ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve interposed between the vacuum reservoir and the rough-vacuum pump, and a vacuum-creating electrically-operated valve interposed between the vacuum reservoir and an intake of the rough-vacuum pump, the ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve and the vacuum-creating electrically-operated valve being controllable by a control unit of the leak detector. 24. A leak detection method for leak-testing objects that are to be tested by spraying tracer gas, which is implemented in a leak detector according to claim 14, wherein the ultimate-vacuum pressure of the tracer gas in the rough-vacuum pump is lowered using the ancillary pumping means. 25. The leak detection method according to claim 24, wherein an opening of an ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve connecting the ancillary pumping means to the rough-vacuum pump is commanded in order to lower the ultimate-vacuum pressure of the tracer gas in the rough-vacuum pump using the ancillary pumping means when a pressure measured in the vacuum line is below or equal to a low-pressure threshold below or equal to 100 Pa. 26. The leak detection method according to claim 24, wherein an opening of an ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve connecting the ancillary pumping means to the rough-vacuum pump is commanded in order to lower the ultimate-vacuum pressure of the tracer gas in the rough-vacuum pump using the ancillary pumping means when a pressure measured in the vacuum line is below or equal to a low-pressure threshold below or equal to 50 Pa. 27. The leak detection method according to claim 24, wherein upon a start-up of the leak detector a pressure in the vacuum line is lowered using the rough-vacuum pump and using an ancillary pump of the ancillary pumping means. 28. The leak detection method according to claim 24, wherein an opening of an ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve connecting the ancillary pumping means to the rough-vacuum pump is commanded in order to lower the ultimate-vacuum pressure of the tracer gas in the rough-vacuum pump using the ancillary pumping means when a pressure measured in the vacuum line is below or equal to a low-pressure threshold below or equal to 100 Pa, and
wherein a rotational speed of the rough-vacuum pump is reduced when the leak detector is not used for a period of time longer than a predefined period and an opening of the ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve is commanded. 29. The leak detection method according to claim 24,
wherein an opening of an ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve connecting the ancillary pumping means to the rough-vacuum pump is commanded in order to lower the ultimate-vacuum pressure of the tracer gas in the rough-vacuum pump using the ancillary pumping means when a pressure measured in the vacuum line is below or equal to a low-pressure threshold below or equal to 50 Pa, and wherein a rotational speed of the rough-vacuum pump is reduced when the leak detector is not used for a period of time longer than a predefined period and an opening of the ultimate-vacuum electrically-operated valve is commanded. 30. The leak detection method according to claim 24, wherein the ultimate-vacuum pressure in the rough-vacuum pump is lowered using the ancillary pumping means for a predefined period of time after an overall supply of power to the leak detector is cut off, a supply of power being furnished by a battery of the leak detector or by a kinetic energy recovery means of the leak detector being configured to recover kinetic energy of rotation of a rotor of the turbomolecular vacuum pump in a form of electrical energy. | 2,100 |
340,810 | 16,642,290 | 2,185 | A compound of formula (I): | 1. A compound of formula I: 2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein X1, X2 and X3 are CH and X4 is Cy. 3. A compound according to claim 1, wherein:
(a) X1 is N; or (b) X2 is N; or (c) X3 is N; or (d) X4 is N. 4. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) H; (b) halo; (c) I; (d) F; (e) cyano; (f) CH3; (g) CH2F; (h) CHF2; (i) CF3; (j) ethynyl; and (k) cyclopropyl. 5-16. (canceled) 17. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is OR3. 18-22. (canceled) 23. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is NRN1RN2, and
(a) RN1 and RN2 are both H; (b) RN1 and RN2 are both Me; or (c) RN1 is H and RN2 is Me. 24-26. (canceled) 27. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is COQ1. 28-35. (canceled) 36. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is NHSO2Q3. 37. (canceled) 38. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is pyridyl. 39. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is C5 heteroaryl, which is optionally substituted, wherein the substituent group on the C5 heteroaryl is selected from unsubstituted C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl substituted by OH, and C1-3 alkyl substituted by CONRN1RN2. 40-44. (canceled) 45. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is SO2Me. 46. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is C1-3 alkyl, substituted by NHZ, where Z is H, Me, SO2Me, or COMe, or Y is C1-3 alkyl, substituted by OH. 47-52. (canceled) 53. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) H; (b) F; (c) phenyl; (d) pyridyl; (e) C5 heteroaryl, optionally substituted by methyl, CH2OCH3, CH2CF3, CHF2, NH2, or ═O; (f) C9 heteroaryl; (g) OH; (h) OMe; (i) OPh; (j) COQ4; (k) (CH2)nOQ7; (l) NHCO2Q8, where Q8 is C1-3 alkyl; and (m) OCONRN5RN6. 54-88. (canceled) 88. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 is H. 89. (canceled) 90. (canceled) 91. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R4 together with the carbon atom to which they are bound form a C4-6 cycloalkyl. 92-94. (canceled) 95. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Cy is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) pyridyl; (b) oxazolyl; (c) cyclohexyl; and (d) unsubstituted phenyl. 96-98. (canceled) 99. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Cy is phenyl bearing a single substituent. 100-102. (canceled) 103. A compound according to claim 99, wherein the phenyl substituent is selected from the group consisting of:
a) CH3; b) CH2F; c) CHF2; d) CF3; e) OCH3; f) OCH2F; g) OCHF2; h) OCF3; and i) O-cyclopropyl. 104. (canceled) 105. A compound according to claim 99, wherein the phenyl substituent is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) benzyloxy; (b) halo; (c) cyano; (d) NH2; (e) C5 heteroaryl, optionally substituted by methyl, CH2OH, CH2OCH3 or ═O; (f) phenyl; (g) pyridyl, optionally substituted with methyl; (h) CO2H; (i) CO2Me; (j) CONRN1RN2, wherein:
i) RN1 and RN2 are both H; or
ii) RN1 and RN2 are both Me; or
iii) RN1 is H and RN2 is Me;
(k) CH2OH; and (l) CH2OMe. 106-124. (canceled) 125. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is H and Cy has a substituent in the 2-position, selected from OCHF2 and a C5 heteroaryl group selected from oxazolyl, pyrazolyl and triazolyl. 126. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is selected from oxazolyl, methyl-oxadiazolyl and pyrazolyl and Cy bears no substituent in the 2-position. 127-129. (canceled) 128. (canceled) 130. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 131. A method of treatment of cancer, comprising administering to a patient in need of treatment, a compound according to claim 1. 132. A method according to claim 131, wherein the compound is administered simultaneously or sequentially with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy 133-136. (canceled) | A compound of formula (I):1. A compound of formula I: 2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein X1, X2 and X3 are CH and X4 is Cy. 3. A compound according to claim 1, wherein:
(a) X1 is N; or (b) X2 is N; or (c) X3 is N; or (d) X4 is N. 4. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) H; (b) halo; (c) I; (d) F; (e) cyano; (f) CH3; (g) CH2F; (h) CHF2; (i) CF3; (j) ethynyl; and (k) cyclopropyl. 5-16. (canceled) 17. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is OR3. 18-22. (canceled) 23. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is NRN1RN2, and
(a) RN1 and RN2 are both H; (b) RN1 and RN2 are both Me; or (c) RN1 is H and RN2 is Me. 24-26. (canceled) 27. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is COQ1. 28-35. (canceled) 36. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is NHSO2Q3. 37. (canceled) 38. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is pyridyl. 39. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is C5 heteroaryl, which is optionally substituted, wherein the substituent group on the C5 heteroaryl is selected from unsubstituted C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl substituted by OH, and C1-3 alkyl substituted by CONRN1RN2. 40-44. (canceled) 45. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is SO2Me. 46. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is C1-3 alkyl, substituted by NHZ, where Z is H, Me, SO2Me, or COMe, or Y is C1-3 alkyl, substituted by OH. 47-52. (canceled) 53. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) H; (b) F; (c) phenyl; (d) pyridyl; (e) C5 heteroaryl, optionally substituted by methyl, CH2OCH3, CH2CF3, CHF2, NH2, or ═O; (f) C9 heteroaryl; (g) OH; (h) OMe; (i) OPh; (j) COQ4; (k) (CH2)nOQ7; (l) NHCO2Q8, where Q8 is C1-3 alkyl; and (m) OCONRN5RN6. 54-88. (canceled) 88. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 is H. 89. (canceled) 90. (canceled) 91. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R4 together with the carbon atom to which they are bound form a C4-6 cycloalkyl. 92-94. (canceled) 95. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Cy is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) pyridyl; (b) oxazolyl; (c) cyclohexyl; and (d) unsubstituted phenyl. 96-98. (canceled) 99. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Cy is phenyl bearing a single substituent. 100-102. (canceled) 103. A compound according to claim 99, wherein the phenyl substituent is selected from the group consisting of:
a) CH3; b) CH2F; c) CHF2; d) CF3; e) OCH3; f) OCH2F; g) OCHF2; h) OCF3; and i) O-cyclopropyl. 104. (canceled) 105. A compound according to claim 99, wherein the phenyl substituent is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) benzyloxy; (b) halo; (c) cyano; (d) NH2; (e) C5 heteroaryl, optionally substituted by methyl, CH2OH, CH2OCH3 or ═O; (f) phenyl; (g) pyridyl, optionally substituted with methyl; (h) CO2H; (i) CO2Me; (j) CONRN1RN2, wherein:
i) RN1 and RN2 are both H; or
ii) RN1 and RN2 are both Me; or
iii) RN1 is H and RN2 is Me;
(k) CH2OH; and (l) CH2OMe. 106-124. (canceled) 125. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is H and Cy has a substituent in the 2-position, selected from OCHF2 and a C5 heteroaryl group selected from oxazolyl, pyrazolyl and triazolyl. 126. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R1 is selected from oxazolyl, methyl-oxadiazolyl and pyrazolyl and Cy bears no substituent in the 2-position. 127-129. (canceled) 128. (canceled) 130. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 131. A method of treatment of cancer, comprising administering to a patient in need of treatment, a compound according to claim 1. 132. A method according to claim 131, wherein the compound is administered simultaneously or sequentially with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy 133-136. (canceled) | 2,100 |
340,811 | 16,642,320 | 2,185 | Automation of the design and management of network services is achieved by automating the enactment of a process model. The process model models activities and ordering among actions in a process for the network services. Each activity includes a set of actions and each action is associated with a model-based transformation which transforms one or more input models into one or more output models. A megamodel is constructed. The megamodel incorporates the process model and describes relations among resources to be used by model-based transformations of the process model. The resources include models and meta-models. Based on the megamodel, a transformation chain is generated. The transformation chain contains coordinated sequences of the model-based transformations. The transformation chain is enacted to thereby enact the process model for the network services. | 1. A method for automating design and management of network services, comprising:
obtaining a process model which models activities and ordering among actions in a process for the network services, wherein each activity includes a set of actions and each action is associated with a model-based transformation which transforms one or more input models into one or more output models; constructing a megamodel which incorporates the process model and describes relations among resources to be used by model-based transformations of the process model, wherein the resources include models and meta-models; generating, based on the megamodel, a transformation chain containing coordinated sequences of the model-based transformations; and enacting the transformation chain to thereby enact the process model for the network services. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein enacting the transformation chain further comprises:
invoking one or more language handlers to execute the transformation chain. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more language handlers include pluggable handlers for model transformation languages and other executable code. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein constructing the megamodel further comprises:
building a weaving model which maps every element in the process model to a corresponding resource in the megamodel; and incorporating the weaving model into the megamodel. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein constructing the megamodel further comprises:
incorporating the model-based transformations into the megamodel; linking the model-based transformations with one or more language handlers in the megamodel; and linking the model-based transformations with respective in-out resources in the megamodel. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein constructing the megamodel further comprises:
registering with an initial megamodel the resources discovered in a workspace for the network services; and incrementing the initial megamodel by further registering the process model and the model-based transformations of the process model. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the coordinated sequences of the model-based transformations are coordinated through forks and joins. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein each resource in the megamodel is provided with traceability attributes. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the traceability attributes include one or more of: a history that traces past events of the resource, a timestamp and an origin. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the model-based transformations include models and executable programs. 11. A network node comprising:
processing circuitry; and memory to store instructions executable by the processing circuitry to automate design and management of network services, the network node operative to:
obtain a process model which models activities and ordering among actions in a process for the network services, wherein each activity includes a set of actions and each action is associated with a model-based transformation which transforms one or more input models into one or more output models;
construct a megamodel which incorporates the process model and describes relations among resources to be used by model-based transformations of the process model, wherein the resources include models and meta-models;
generate, based on the megamodel, a transformation chain containing coordinated sequences of the model-based transformations; and
enact the transformation chain to thereby enact the process model for the network services. 12. The network node of claim 11, wherein the network node when enacting the transformation chain is further operative to:
invoke one or more language handlers to execute the transformation chain. 13. The network node of claim 12, wherein the one or more language handlers include pluggable handlers for model transformation languages and other executable code. 14. The network node of claim 11, wherein the network node when constructing the megamodel is further operative to:
build a weaving model which maps every element in the process model to a corresponding resource in the megamodel; and incorporate the weaving model into the megamodel. 15. The network node of claim 11, wherein the network node when constructing the megamodel is further operative to:
incorporate the model-based transformations into the megamodel; link the model-based transformations with one or more language handlers in the megamodel; and link the model-based transformations with respective in-out resources in the megamodel. 16. The network node of claim 11, wherein the network node when constructing the megamodel is further operative to:
register with an initial megamodel the resources discovered in a workspace for the network services; and increment the initial megamodel by further registering the process model and the model-based transformations of the process model. 17. The network node of claim 11, wherein the coordinated sequences of the model-based transformations are coordinated through forks and joins. 18. The network node of claim 11, wherein each resource in the megamodel is provided with traceability attributes. 19. The network node of claim 11, wherein the traceability attributes include one or more of: a history that traces past events of the resource, a timestamp and an origin. 20. The network node of claim 11, wherein the model-based transformations include models and executable programs. 21. (canceled) | Automation of the design and management of network services is achieved by automating the enactment of a process model. The process model models activities and ordering among actions in a process for the network services. Each activity includes a set of actions and each action is associated with a model-based transformation which transforms one or more input models into one or more output models. A megamodel is constructed. The megamodel incorporates the process model and describes relations among resources to be used by model-based transformations of the process model. The resources include models and meta-models. Based on the megamodel, a transformation chain is generated. The transformation chain contains coordinated sequences of the model-based transformations. The transformation chain is enacted to thereby enact the process model for the network services.1. A method for automating design and management of network services, comprising:
obtaining a process model which models activities and ordering among actions in a process for the network services, wherein each activity includes a set of actions and each action is associated with a model-based transformation which transforms one or more input models into one or more output models; constructing a megamodel which incorporates the process model and describes relations among resources to be used by model-based transformations of the process model, wherein the resources include models and meta-models; generating, based on the megamodel, a transformation chain containing coordinated sequences of the model-based transformations; and enacting the transformation chain to thereby enact the process model for the network services. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein enacting the transformation chain further comprises:
invoking one or more language handlers to execute the transformation chain. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more language handlers include pluggable handlers for model transformation languages and other executable code. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein constructing the megamodel further comprises:
building a weaving model which maps every element in the process model to a corresponding resource in the megamodel; and incorporating the weaving model into the megamodel. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein constructing the megamodel further comprises:
incorporating the model-based transformations into the megamodel; linking the model-based transformations with one or more language handlers in the megamodel; and linking the model-based transformations with respective in-out resources in the megamodel. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein constructing the megamodel further comprises:
registering with an initial megamodel the resources discovered in a workspace for the network services; and incrementing the initial megamodel by further registering the process model and the model-based transformations of the process model. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the coordinated sequences of the model-based transformations are coordinated through forks and joins. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein each resource in the megamodel is provided with traceability attributes. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the traceability attributes include one or more of: a history that traces past events of the resource, a timestamp and an origin. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the model-based transformations include models and executable programs. 11. A network node comprising:
processing circuitry; and memory to store instructions executable by the processing circuitry to automate design and management of network services, the network node operative to:
obtain a process model which models activities and ordering among actions in a process for the network services, wherein each activity includes a set of actions and each action is associated with a model-based transformation which transforms one or more input models into one or more output models;
construct a megamodel which incorporates the process model and describes relations among resources to be used by model-based transformations of the process model, wherein the resources include models and meta-models;
generate, based on the megamodel, a transformation chain containing coordinated sequences of the model-based transformations; and
enact the transformation chain to thereby enact the process model for the network services. 12. The network node of claim 11, wherein the network node when enacting the transformation chain is further operative to:
invoke one or more language handlers to execute the transformation chain. 13. The network node of claim 12, wherein the one or more language handlers include pluggable handlers for model transformation languages and other executable code. 14. The network node of claim 11, wherein the network node when constructing the megamodel is further operative to:
build a weaving model which maps every element in the process model to a corresponding resource in the megamodel; and incorporate the weaving model into the megamodel. 15. The network node of claim 11, wherein the network node when constructing the megamodel is further operative to:
incorporate the model-based transformations into the megamodel; link the model-based transformations with one or more language handlers in the megamodel; and link the model-based transformations with respective in-out resources in the megamodel. 16. The network node of claim 11, wherein the network node when constructing the megamodel is further operative to:
register with an initial megamodel the resources discovered in a workspace for the network services; and increment the initial megamodel by further registering the process model and the model-based transformations of the process model. 17. The network node of claim 11, wherein the coordinated sequences of the model-based transformations are coordinated through forks and joins. 18. The network node of claim 11, wherein each resource in the megamodel is provided with traceability attributes. 19. The network node of claim 11, wherein the traceability attributes include one or more of: a history that traces past events of the resource, a timestamp and an origin. 20. The network node of claim 11, wherein the model-based transformations include models and executable programs. 21. (canceled) | 2,100 |
340,812 | 16,642,319 | 2,855 | An in vitro intestinal drug disposition device (1) comprises a donor chamber (2) for a donor solution and having a bottom end (18) and a top end (19). The device (1) also comprises a receiver chamber (3) for an absorption solution and an absorption membrane (4) arranged in between and separating the chambers (2, 3). A first side (5) of the absorption membrane (4) is to be in contact with the donor solution and a second side (6) of the absorption membrane (4) is to be in contact with the absorption solution. A ratio of an internal volume of the donor chamber (2) to an area of the first membrane side (5) is equal to or smaller than 3 ml/cm2. A cross-sectional area of the donor chamber (2) at the bottom end (18) is larger than a cross-sectional area of the donor chamber (2) at the top end (19). | 1.-10. (canceled) 11. An in vitro intestinal drug disposition device comprising:
a donor chamber configured to comprise a donor solution and having a bottom end and a top end; a receiver chamber configured to comprise an absorption solution; and an absorption membrane arranged in between and separating said donor chamber and said receiver chamber, wherein a first main side of said absorption membrane is configured to be in contact with said donor solution and a second, opposite main side of said absorption membrane is configured to be in contact with said absorption solution; a ratio of an internal volume of said donor chamber to an area of said first main side of said absorption membrane is equal to or smaller than 3 ml/cm2; and a cross-sectional area of said donor chamber at said bottom end is larger than a cross-sectional area of said donor chamber at said top end. 12. The in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 11, wherein said ratio of said internal volume of said donor chamber to said area of said first main side of said absorption membrane is equal to or smaller than 2.5 ml/cm2. 13. The in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 12, wherein said ratio of said internal volume of said donor chamber to said area of said first main side of said absorption membrane is equal to or smaller than 2.25 ml/cm2. 14. The in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 13, wherein said ratio of said internal volume of said donor chamber to said area of said first main side of said absorption membrane is equal to or smaller than 2 ml/cm2. 15. The in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 11, wherein a ratio of said internal volume of said donor chamber to an internal volume of said receiver chamber is smaller than 1. 16. The in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 15, wherein the ratio of said internal volume of said donor chamber to an internal volume of said receiver chamber is equal to or smaller than ½. 17. The in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 16, wherein the ratio of said internal volume of said donor chamber to an internal volume of said receiver chamber is equal to or smaller than ⅓. 18. The in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 11, wherein a cross-sectional area of said donor chamber is continuously or step-by-step decreasing from said bottom end towards said top end. 19. The in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 11, wherein
said donor chamber is a cone-shaped donor chamber; and said receiver chamber is a cylinder-shaped receiver chamber. 20. The in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 11, wherein
said donor chamber comprises a first fluid jacket configured to comprise a fluid having a temperature within a first temperature range; and said receiver chamber comprises a second fluid jacket configured to comprise a fluid having a temperature within a second temperature range. 21. The in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 11, wherein said absorption membrane is a semipermeable membrane comprising a cell layer on said first main side of said absorption membrane. 22. A system for in vitro intestinal drug disposition comprising:
an in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 11, wherein
a) said receiver chamber comprises a sampling port configured to provide access to an internal volume of said receiver chamber; and
b1) said donor chamber comprises a sampling port configured to provide access to said internal volume of said donor chamber (2); and/or
b2) said in vitro intestinal drug disposition device comprises a chamber lid for said donor chamber, said chamber lid comprises a sampling port configured to provide access to said internal volume of said donor chamber; and
an analysis device comprising an analysis probe arranged in an opening in said chamber lid or in said sampling port of said donor chamber. 23. The system according to claim 22, wherein said analysis device is a pH meter configured to measure a pH of said donor solution, said system further comprising a dispensing device configured to dispense a pH adjusting agent into said donor solution in response to a pH change of said donor solution measured by said pH meter. 24. An in vitro intestinal drug disposition method comprising:
adding a test substance to said donor chamber of an in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 11, wherein
said donor chamber comprises a donor solution; and
said receiver chamber comprises an absorption solution; and determining concentration of said test substance and/or a digestion metabolite of said test substance in at least one of said donor solution and said absorption solution at at least one time instance. | An in vitro intestinal drug disposition device (1) comprises a donor chamber (2) for a donor solution and having a bottom end (18) and a top end (19). The device (1) also comprises a receiver chamber (3) for an absorption solution and an absorption membrane (4) arranged in between and separating the chambers (2, 3). A first side (5) of the absorption membrane (4) is to be in contact with the donor solution and a second side (6) of the absorption membrane (4) is to be in contact with the absorption solution. A ratio of an internal volume of the donor chamber (2) to an area of the first membrane side (5) is equal to or smaller than 3 ml/cm2. A cross-sectional area of the donor chamber (2) at the bottom end (18) is larger than a cross-sectional area of the donor chamber (2) at the top end (19).1.-10. (canceled) 11. An in vitro intestinal drug disposition device comprising:
a donor chamber configured to comprise a donor solution and having a bottom end and a top end; a receiver chamber configured to comprise an absorption solution; and an absorption membrane arranged in between and separating said donor chamber and said receiver chamber, wherein a first main side of said absorption membrane is configured to be in contact with said donor solution and a second, opposite main side of said absorption membrane is configured to be in contact with said absorption solution; a ratio of an internal volume of said donor chamber to an area of said first main side of said absorption membrane is equal to or smaller than 3 ml/cm2; and a cross-sectional area of said donor chamber at said bottom end is larger than a cross-sectional area of said donor chamber at said top end. 12. The in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 11, wherein said ratio of said internal volume of said donor chamber to said area of said first main side of said absorption membrane is equal to or smaller than 2.5 ml/cm2. 13. The in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 12, wherein said ratio of said internal volume of said donor chamber to said area of said first main side of said absorption membrane is equal to or smaller than 2.25 ml/cm2. 14. The in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 13, wherein said ratio of said internal volume of said donor chamber to said area of said first main side of said absorption membrane is equal to or smaller than 2 ml/cm2. 15. The in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 11, wherein a ratio of said internal volume of said donor chamber to an internal volume of said receiver chamber is smaller than 1. 16. The in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 15, wherein the ratio of said internal volume of said donor chamber to an internal volume of said receiver chamber is equal to or smaller than ½. 17. The in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 16, wherein the ratio of said internal volume of said donor chamber to an internal volume of said receiver chamber is equal to or smaller than ⅓. 18. The in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 11, wherein a cross-sectional area of said donor chamber is continuously or step-by-step decreasing from said bottom end towards said top end. 19. The in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 11, wherein
said donor chamber is a cone-shaped donor chamber; and said receiver chamber is a cylinder-shaped receiver chamber. 20. The in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 11, wherein
said donor chamber comprises a first fluid jacket configured to comprise a fluid having a temperature within a first temperature range; and said receiver chamber comprises a second fluid jacket configured to comprise a fluid having a temperature within a second temperature range. 21. The in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 11, wherein said absorption membrane is a semipermeable membrane comprising a cell layer on said first main side of said absorption membrane. 22. A system for in vitro intestinal drug disposition comprising:
an in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 11, wherein
a) said receiver chamber comprises a sampling port configured to provide access to an internal volume of said receiver chamber; and
b1) said donor chamber comprises a sampling port configured to provide access to said internal volume of said donor chamber (2); and/or
b2) said in vitro intestinal drug disposition device comprises a chamber lid for said donor chamber, said chamber lid comprises a sampling port configured to provide access to said internal volume of said donor chamber; and
an analysis device comprising an analysis probe arranged in an opening in said chamber lid or in said sampling port of said donor chamber. 23. The system according to claim 22, wherein said analysis device is a pH meter configured to measure a pH of said donor solution, said system further comprising a dispensing device configured to dispense a pH adjusting agent into said donor solution in response to a pH change of said donor solution measured by said pH meter. 24. An in vitro intestinal drug disposition method comprising:
adding a test substance to said donor chamber of an in vitro intestinal drug disposition device according to claim 11, wherein
said donor chamber comprises a donor solution; and
said receiver chamber comprises an absorption solution; and determining concentration of said test substance and/or a digestion metabolite of said test substance in at least one of said donor solution and said absorption solution at at least one time instance. | 2,800 |
340,813 | 16,642,297 | 2,855 | A method and device for subscribing social network service. The method includes: receiving a message to be published for a subscription of social network service; retrieving one or more subscribers following the subscription according to prestored subscription relationship information; and feeding the message to the one or more subscribers following the subscription such that one or more actions associated with change information of the subscription is/are applied on the subscribers. Therefore, it will easily support a lot of business use cases utilizing subscription relationship and message feed service. Furthermore, new business cases of provisioning can be produced based on this service. | 1. A method of operating a network device, comprising:
receiving a message to be published for a subscription of social network service wherein the message comprises change information of the subscription; retrieving one or more subscribers following the subscription according to prestored subscription relationship information; and providing the message to the one or more subscribers following the subscription such that one or more actions associated with the change information of the subscription is/are applied on the subscribers. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
scheduling a message for an automatic subscription of social network service; retrieving one or more subscribers following the automatic subscription according to the prestored subscription relationship information; and providing the message to the one or more subscribers following the automatic subscription. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
publishing the message to one or more terminal devices in a social network. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving a register request from a terminal device; and joining the terminal device into the social network according to the register request. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
finding one or more rules associated with the subscription; and applying one or more actions associated with the one or more rules on the subscription. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
updating one or more subscription relationship according to the applied actions associated with the rules. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:
triggering a provisioning message to a provisioning system. 8. The method claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
reducing a content of the message to acquire one or more parameters and/or one or more value pairs. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein
the subscription relationship information is prestored in a subscription relationship database; and the subscription relationship information at least comprises a list of subscribers following the subscription and a list of subscribers being followed by the subscription. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the subscription relationship information comprises one or more of the following: a community which the subscription belongs to, a service which the subscription has activated, a topic which the subscription cares about. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more rules are used to perform the step of providing the message. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the message is recorded by one or more other subscriptions which the subscription follows, and/or, the message is recorded by one or more other subscriptions which pushes the message to the subscription. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein
the message is transmitted by a provisioning system or a terminal device and comprises one or more logging requests, and a provisioning request is transmitted to the provisioning system based on the message. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more rules are prestored in a rule engine; and
the rule identifies one or more of the following: an effective time span, a subscription filter, a relation filter, a message filter and one or more actions to take. 15. A method of operating a terminal device, comprising:
sending a message to be published for a subscription of social network service, wherein the message comprises change information of the subscription; wherein, a subscriber following the subscription is fed by the message and one or more actions associated with the change information of the subscription is applied on the subscriber. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein one or more subscribers following an automatic subscription of social network service is/are fed by a message for the automatic subscription. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the message is published to one or more terminal devices in a social network. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the method further comprises:
sending a register request to a network device such that the terminal device is joined into the social network according to the register request. 19-21. (canceled) 22. A terminal device, the terminal device comprising:
a processor; and a memory, the memory containing instructions executable by the processor wherein the terminal device is operative to perform the method of claim 15. 23. (canceled) | A method and device for subscribing social network service. The method includes: receiving a message to be published for a subscription of social network service; retrieving one or more subscribers following the subscription according to prestored subscription relationship information; and feeding the message to the one or more subscribers following the subscription such that one or more actions associated with change information of the subscription is/are applied on the subscribers. Therefore, it will easily support a lot of business use cases utilizing subscription relationship and message feed service. Furthermore, new business cases of provisioning can be produced based on this service.1. A method of operating a network device, comprising:
receiving a message to be published for a subscription of social network service wherein the message comprises change information of the subscription; retrieving one or more subscribers following the subscription according to prestored subscription relationship information; and providing the message to the one or more subscribers following the subscription such that one or more actions associated with the change information of the subscription is/are applied on the subscribers. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
scheduling a message for an automatic subscription of social network service; retrieving one or more subscribers following the automatic subscription according to the prestored subscription relationship information; and providing the message to the one or more subscribers following the automatic subscription. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
publishing the message to one or more terminal devices in a social network. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving a register request from a terminal device; and joining the terminal device into the social network according to the register request. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
finding one or more rules associated with the subscription; and applying one or more actions associated with the one or more rules on the subscription. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
updating one or more subscription relationship according to the applied actions associated with the rules. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:
triggering a provisioning message to a provisioning system. 8. The method claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
reducing a content of the message to acquire one or more parameters and/or one or more value pairs. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein
the subscription relationship information is prestored in a subscription relationship database; and the subscription relationship information at least comprises a list of subscribers following the subscription and a list of subscribers being followed by the subscription. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the subscription relationship information comprises one or more of the following: a community which the subscription belongs to, a service which the subscription has activated, a topic which the subscription cares about. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more rules are used to perform the step of providing the message. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the message is recorded by one or more other subscriptions which the subscription follows, and/or, the message is recorded by one or more other subscriptions which pushes the message to the subscription. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein
the message is transmitted by a provisioning system or a terminal device and comprises one or more logging requests, and a provisioning request is transmitted to the provisioning system based on the message. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more rules are prestored in a rule engine; and
the rule identifies one or more of the following: an effective time span, a subscription filter, a relation filter, a message filter and one or more actions to take. 15. A method of operating a terminal device, comprising:
sending a message to be published for a subscription of social network service, wherein the message comprises change information of the subscription; wherein, a subscriber following the subscription is fed by the message and one or more actions associated with the change information of the subscription is applied on the subscriber. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein one or more subscribers following an automatic subscription of social network service is/are fed by a message for the automatic subscription. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the message is published to one or more terminal devices in a social network. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the method further comprises:
sending a register request to a network device such that the terminal device is joined into the social network according to the register request. 19-21. (canceled) 22. A terminal device, the terminal device comprising:
a processor; and a memory, the memory containing instructions executable by the processor wherein the terminal device is operative to perform the method of claim 15. 23. (canceled) | 2,800 |
340,814 | 16,642,282 | 2,855 | The present invention provides a derivative of hydroxylated fatty acid which has a high content of hydroxylated fatty acid, and permits easy ingestion and easy handling, and a production method thereof. The present invention provides a method for producing a homopolymer of hydroxylated fatty acid, including polymerizing the hydroxylated fatty acid by using an enzyme. The homopolymer of hydroxylated fatty acid is stabilized. In addition, a novel, utilizable homopolymer of hydroxylated fatty acid obtained by this production method is also provided. | 1. A method for producing a homopolymer of hydroxylated fatty acid, comprising polymerizing the hydroxylated fatty acid by using an enzyme. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the enzyme is a lipase. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the enzyme is a lipase derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Candida. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the enzyme is a lipase derived from Candida cylindracea or Candida rugosa. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the homopolymer of hydroxylated fatty acid is a dimer to decamer. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxylated fatty acid is
(1) a fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms and a hydroxyl group at the 10-position, the 12-position or the 13-position, (2) a fatty acid having 20 carbon atoms and a hydroxyl group at the 12-position or the 15-position, (3) a fatty acid having 14 or 16 carbon atoms and a hydroxyl group at the 10-position, or (4) a fatty acid having 22 carbon atoms and a hydroxyl group at the 14-position. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the hydroxylated fatty acid is a fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms and a hydroxyl group at the 10-position, the 12-position or the 13-position. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the hydroxylated fatty acid is
10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-12,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6,cis-12,cis-15-octadecatrienoic acid, 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-15-octadecenoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6-octadecenoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid, 10-hydroxy-trans-11-octadecenoic acid, 10-hydroxy-trans-11,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6,trans-11,cis-15-octadecatrienoic acid, ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, 13-hydroxy-cis-9-octadecenoic acid, 13-hydroxy-cis-9,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid, 13-hydroxy-cis-6,cis-9-octadecadienoic acid, 13-hydroxy-cis-6,cis-9,cis-15-octadecatrienoic acid, 13-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-9-octadecadienoic acid, or 13-hydroxy-trans-5,cis-9-octadecadienoic acid. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the hydroxylated fatty acid is a fatty acid having 20 carbon atoms and a hydroxyl group at the 12-position or the 15-position. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the hydroxylated fatty acid is
12-hydroxy-cis-14-eicosenoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-14,cis-17-eicosadienoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-8,cis-14-eicosadienoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-8-eicosadienoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-8,cis-14,cis-17-eicosatrienoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-8,cis-14-eicosatrienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-11-eicosenoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-11,cis-17-eicosadienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-8,cis-11-eicosadienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-8,cis-11,cis-17-eicosatrienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-8,cis-11-eicosatrienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-11-eicosadienoic acid, or 15-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-11,cis-17-eicosatrienoic acid. 11. The method according to claim 6, wherein the hydroxylated fatty acid is
10-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, 10-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, or 14-hydroxy-cis-4,cis-7,cis-10,cis-16,cis-19-docosapentaenoic acid. 12. A homopolymer as a dimer to a decamer of any one hydroxylated fatty acid selected from the following hydroxylated fatty acids:
10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-12,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6,cis-12,cis-15-octadecatrienoic acid, 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-15-octadecenoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6-octadecenoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid, 10-hydroxy-trans-11-octadecenoic acid, 10-hydroxy-trans-11,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6,trans-11,cis-15-octadecatrienoic acid, 13-hydroxy-cis-9-octadecenoic acid, 13-hydroxy-cis-9,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid, 13-hydroxy-cis-6,cis-9-octadecadienoic acid, 13-hydroxy-cis-6,cis-9,cis-15-octadecatrienoic acid, 13-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-9-octadecadienoic acid, 13-hydroxy-trans-5,cis-9-octadecadienoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-14-eicosenoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-14,cis-17-eicosadienoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-8,cis-14-eicosadienoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-8-eicosadienoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-8,cis-14,cis-17-eicosatrienoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-8,cis-14-eicosatrienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-11-eicosenoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-11,cis-17-eicosadienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-8,cis-11-eicosadienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-8,cis-11,cis-17-eicosatrienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-8,cis-11-eicosatrienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-11-eicosadienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-11,cis-17-eicosatrienoic acid, 10-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, 10-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, and 14-hydroxy-cis-4,cis-7,cis-10,cis-16,cis-19-docosapentaenoic acid. 13. The homopolymer according to claim 12, wherein the homopolymer is a dimer, a trimer or a tetramer of 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid represented by the formula 14. A composition comprising the homopolymer according to claim 12. 15. A composition comprising the homopolymer according to claim 13. | The present invention provides a derivative of hydroxylated fatty acid which has a high content of hydroxylated fatty acid, and permits easy ingestion and easy handling, and a production method thereof. The present invention provides a method for producing a homopolymer of hydroxylated fatty acid, including polymerizing the hydroxylated fatty acid by using an enzyme. The homopolymer of hydroxylated fatty acid is stabilized. In addition, a novel, utilizable homopolymer of hydroxylated fatty acid obtained by this production method is also provided.1. A method for producing a homopolymer of hydroxylated fatty acid, comprising polymerizing the hydroxylated fatty acid by using an enzyme. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the enzyme is a lipase. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the enzyme is a lipase derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Candida. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the enzyme is a lipase derived from Candida cylindracea or Candida rugosa. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the homopolymer of hydroxylated fatty acid is a dimer to decamer. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxylated fatty acid is
(1) a fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms and a hydroxyl group at the 10-position, the 12-position or the 13-position, (2) a fatty acid having 20 carbon atoms and a hydroxyl group at the 12-position or the 15-position, (3) a fatty acid having 14 or 16 carbon atoms and a hydroxyl group at the 10-position, or (4) a fatty acid having 22 carbon atoms and a hydroxyl group at the 14-position. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the hydroxylated fatty acid is a fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms and a hydroxyl group at the 10-position, the 12-position or the 13-position. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the hydroxylated fatty acid is
10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-12,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6,cis-12,cis-15-octadecatrienoic acid, 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-15-octadecenoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6-octadecenoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid, 10-hydroxy-trans-11-octadecenoic acid, 10-hydroxy-trans-11,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6,trans-11,cis-15-octadecatrienoic acid, ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, 13-hydroxy-cis-9-octadecenoic acid, 13-hydroxy-cis-9,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid, 13-hydroxy-cis-6,cis-9-octadecadienoic acid, 13-hydroxy-cis-6,cis-9,cis-15-octadecatrienoic acid, 13-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-9-octadecadienoic acid, or 13-hydroxy-trans-5,cis-9-octadecadienoic acid. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the hydroxylated fatty acid is a fatty acid having 20 carbon atoms and a hydroxyl group at the 12-position or the 15-position. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the hydroxylated fatty acid is
12-hydroxy-cis-14-eicosenoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-14,cis-17-eicosadienoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-8,cis-14-eicosadienoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-8-eicosadienoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-8,cis-14,cis-17-eicosatrienoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-8,cis-14-eicosatrienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-11-eicosenoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-11,cis-17-eicosadienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-8,cis-11-eicosadienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-8,cis-11,cis-17-eicosatrienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-8,cis-11-eicosatrienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-11-eicosadienoic acid, or 15-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-11,cis-17-eicosatrienoic acid. 11. The method according to claim 6, wherein the hydroxylated fatty acid is
10-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, 10-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, or 14-hydroxy-cis-4,cis-7,cis-10,cis-16,cis-19-docosapentaenoic acid. 12. A homopolymer as a dimer to a decamer of any one hydroxylated fatty acid selected from the following hydroxylated fatty acids:
10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-12,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6,cis-12,cis-15-octadecatrienoic acid, 10-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-15-octadecenoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6-octadecenoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid, 10-hydroxy-trans-11-octadecenoic acid, 10-hydroxy-trans-11,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid, 10-hydroxy-cis-6,trans-11,cis-15-octadecatrienoic acid, 13-hydroxy-cis-9-octadecenoic acid, 13-hydroxy-cis-9,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid, 13-hydroxy-cis-6,cis-9-octadecadienoic acid, 13-hydroxy-cis-6,cis-9,cis-15-octadecatrienoic acid, 13-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-9-octadecadienoic acid, 13-hydroxy-trans-5,cis-9-octadecadienoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-14-eicosenoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-14,cis-17-eicosadienoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-8,cis-14-eicosadienoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-8-eicosadienoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-8,cis-14,cis-17-eicosatrienoic acid, 12-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-8,cis-14-eicosatrienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-11-eicosenoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-11,cis-17-eicosadienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-8,cis-11-eicosadienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-8,cis-11,cis-17-eicosatrienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-8,cis-11-eicosatrienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-11-eicosadienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-cis-5,cis-11,cis-17-eicosatrienoic acid, 10-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, 10-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, and 14-hydroxy-cis-4,cis-7,cis-10,cis-16,cis-19-docosapentaenoic acid. 13. The homopolymer according to claim 12, wherein the homopolymer is a dimer, a trimer or a tetramer of 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid represented by the formula 14. A composition comprising the homopolymer according to claim 12. 15. A composition comprising the homopolymer according to claim 13. | 2,800 |
340,815 | 16,642,309 | 2,855 | A camera module includes a lens and a voice coil motor (VCM), and the lens is placed in the VCM, where a first portion of an inner side of the VCM is attached to a first portion of an outer side of the lens, and a second portion of the inner side of the VCM is provided with a screw thread structure recessed relative to the first portion of the inner side of the VCM. The screw thread structure and a second portion of the outer side of the lens form a groove portion, and the groove portion is filled with adhesive. The first portion of the VCM is a lower portion, and the second portion of the VCM is an upper portion. The first portion of the lens is a lower portion, and the second portion of the lens is an upper portion. | 1. A camera module, comprising:
a lens; and a voice coil motor (VCM), wherein: the lens is placed in the voice coil motor,
a first portion of an inner side of the voice coil motor is attached to a first portion of an outer side of the lens,
a second portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor is provided with a screw thread structure recessed relative to the first portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor, the screw thread structure and a second portion of the outer side of the lens form a groove portion, and the groove portion is filled with adhesive, and
the first portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor is a lower portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor, the second portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor is an upper portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor, the first portion of the outer side of the lens is a lower portion of the outer side of the lens, and the second portion of the outer side of the lens is an upper portion of the outer side of the lens. 2. The camera module according to claim 1, wherein a proportion of the first portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor in the inner side of the voice coil motor equals a proportion of the second portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor in the inner side of the voice coil motor. 3. The camera module according to claim 1, wherein the outer side of the lens has a screw-free smooth surface structure. 4. The camera module according to claim 1, wherein the outer side of the lens is provided with at least one groove wrapping around the outer side of the lens, and the groove is filled with the adhesive. 5. The camera module according to claim 4, wherein the screw thread structure has a single-start or double-start thread form, wherein a thread type of the single-start or double-start thread form and a type of the groove comprise at least one of the following: a triangle, a rectangle, a trapezoid, a sawtooth, or a pipe thread. 6. The camera module according to claim 5, wherein a thread depth is greater than or equal to 0.2 millimeter and less than or equal to 0.5 millimeter. 7. The camera module according to claim 1, wherein the screw thread structure has at least one and at most five screw thread turns. 8. A terminal, comprising:
a camera module comprising:
a lens and a voice coil motor (VCM), and the lens is placed in the voice coil motor, wherein:
a first portion of an inner side of the voice coil motor is attached to a first portion of an outer side of the lens,
a second portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor is provided with a screw thread structure recessed relative to the first portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor, the screw thread structure and a second portion of the outer side of the lens form a groove portion, and the groove portion is filled with adhesive, and
the first portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor is a lower portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor, the second portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor is an upper portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor, the first portion of the outer side of the lens is a lower portion of the outer side of the lens, and the second portion of the outer side of the lens is an upper portion of the outer side of the lens. 9. The terminal according to claim 8, wherein a proportion of the first portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor in the inner side of the voice coil motor equals a proportion of the second portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor in the inner side of the voice coil motor. 10. The terminal according to claim 8, wherein the outer side of the lens has a screw-free smooth surface structure. 11. The terminal according to claim 8, wherein the outer side of the lens is provided with at least one groove wrapping around the outer side of the lens, and the groove is filled with the adhesive. 12. The terminal according to claim 11, wherein the screw thread structure has a single-start or double-start thread form, wherein a thread type of the single-start or double-start thread form and a type of the groove comprise at least one of the following: a triangle, a rectangle, a trapezoid, a sawtooth, or a pipe thread. 13. The terminal according to claim 12, wherein a thread depth is greater than or equal to 0.2 millimeter and less than or equal to 0.5 millimeter. 14. The terminal according to claim 8, wherein the screw thread structure has at least one and at most five screw thread turns. | A camera module includes a lens and a voice coil motor (VCM), and the lens is placed in the VCM, where a first portion of an inner side of the VCM is attached to a first portion of an outer side of the lens, and a second portion of the inner side of the VCM is provided with a screw thread structure recessed relative to the first portion of the inner side of the VCM. The screw thread structure and a second portion of the outer side of the lens form a groove portion, and the groove portion is filled with adhesive. The first portion of the VCM is a lower portion, and the second portion of the VCM is an upper portion. The first portion of the lens is a lower portion, and the second portion of the lens is an upper portion.1. A camera module, comprising:
a lens; and a voice coil motor (VCM), wherein: the lens is placed in the voice coil motor,
a first portion of an inner side of the voice coil motor is attached to a first portion of an outer side of the lens,
a second portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor is provided with a screw thread structure recessed relative to the first portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor, the screw thread structure and a second portion of the outer side of the lens form a groove portion, and the groove portion is filled with adhesive, and
the first portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor is a lower portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor, the second portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor is an upper portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor, the first portion of the outer side of the lens is a lower portion of the outer side of the lens, and the second portion of the outer side of the lens is an upper portion of the outer side of the lens. 2. The camera module according to claim 1, wherein a proportion of the first portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor in the inner side of the voice coil motor equals a proportion of the second portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor in the inner side of the voice coil motor. 3. The camera module according to claim 1, wherein the outer side of the lens has a screw-free smooth surface structure. 4. The camera module according to claim 1, wherein the outer side of the lens is provided with at least one groove wrapping around the outer side of the lens, and the groove is filled with the adhesive. 5. The camera module according to claim 4, wherein the screw thread structure has a single-start or double-start thread form, wherein a thread type of the single-start or double-start thread form and a type of the groove comprise at least one of the following: a triangle, a rectangle, a trapezoid, a sawtooth, or a pipe thread. 6. The camera module according to claim 5, wherein a thread depth is greater than or equal to 0.2 millimeter and less than or equal to 0.5 millimeter. 7. The camera module according to claim 1, wherein the screw thread structure has at least one and at most five screw thread turns. 8. A terminal, comprising:
a camera module comprising:
a lens and a voice coil motor (VCM), and the lens is placed in the voice coil motor, wherein:
a first portion of an inner side of the voice coil motor is attached to a first portion of an outer side of the lens,
a second portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor is provided with a screw thread structure recessed relative to the first portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor, the screw thread structure and a second portion of the outer side of the lens form a groove portion, and the groove portion is filled with adhesive, and
the first portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor is a lower portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor, the second portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor is an upper portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor, the first portion of the outer side of the lens is a lower portion of the outer side of the lens, and the second portion of the outer side of the lens is an upper portion of the outer side of the lens. 9. The terminal according to claim 8, wherein a proportion of the first portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor in the inner side of the voice coil motor equals a proportion of the second portion of the inner side of the voice coil motor in the inner side of the voice coil motor. 10. The terminal according to claim 8, wherein the outer side of the lens has a screw-free smooth surface structure. 11. The terminal according to claim 8, wherein the outer side of the lens is provided with at least one groove wrapping around the outer side of the lens, and the groove is filled with the adhesive. 12. The terminal according to claim 11, wherein the screw thread structure has a single-start or double-start thread form, wherein a thread type of the single-start or double-start thread form and a type of the groove comprise at least one of the following: a triangle, a rectangle, a trapezoid, a sawtooth, or a pipe thread. 13. The terminal according to claim 12, wherein a thread depth is greater than or equal to 0.2 millimeter and less than or equal to 0.5 millimeter. 14. The terminal according to claim 8, wherein the screw thread structure has at least one and at most five screw thread turns. | 2,800 |
340,816 | 16,642,298 | 2,855 | A method of removing a substrate from III-nitride based semiconductor layers with a cleaving technique. A growth (57) restrict mask is formed on or above a substrate, and one or more III-nitride based semiconductor layers are grown on or above the substrate using the growth restrict mask. The III-nitride based semiconductor layers are bonded to a support substrate or film, and the III-nitride based semiconductor layers are removed from the substrate using a cleaving technique on a surface of the substrate. Stress may be applied to the III-nitride based semiconductor layers, due to differences in thermal expansion between the III-nitride substrate and the support substrate or film bonded to the III-nitride based semiconductor layers, before the III-nitride based semiconductor layers are removed from the substrate. Once removed, the substrate can be recycled, resulting in cost savings for device fabrication. | 1. A method of removing a substrate, comprising:
forming a growth restrict mask on or above a substrate; growing one or more III-nitride based semiconductor layers on or above the substrate using the growth restrict mask; contacting the III-nitride based semiconductor layers to a support substrate or film; and removing the III-nitride based semiconductor layers from the substrate using a cleaving technique. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying stress to the III-nitride based semiconductor layers due to differences in thermal expansion between the III-nitride substrate and the support substrate or film contacted to the III-nitride based semiconductor layers. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a III-nitride based substrate or a foreign or hetero-substrate. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is recycled after the III-nitride based semiconductor layers are removed. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the cleaving technique is used on an III-plane surface of the substrate. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the III-nitride based semiconductor layers have a cleaved surface after being removed from the substrate. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the cleaved surface at least comprises an m-plane surface. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the growth restrict mask is at least partially removed prior to the III-nitride based semiconductor layers being removed from the substrate. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the growth restrict mask is patterned. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the growth restrict mask is comprised of a plurality of opening areas. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the III-nitride based semiconductor layers is grown by epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO). 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the ELO is stopped before the III-nitride based semiconductor layers coalesce. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising peeling the III-nitride based semiconductor layers from the substrate. 14. A device fabricated by the method of claim 1. 15. A method of removing a substrate, comprising:
growing one or more ill-nitride based semiconductor layers on or above a substrate; contacting the III-nitride based semiconductor layers to a support substrate or film; and removing the III-nitride based semiconductor layers from the substrate using a cleaving technique, wherein the cleaving technique is performed for a cleaving length, and the cleaving length is narrower than a size of a device formed from the III-nitride based semiconductor layers. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the surface of the substrate on which the cleaving technique is performed is an m-plane surface of the substrate. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the III-nitride based semiconductor layers are at least partially comprised of m-plane layers. 18. A device fabricated by the method of claim 15, 19. A method of removing a substrate, comprising:
growing one or more III-nitride based semiconductor layers on or above the substrate, wherein the III-nitride based semiconductor layers includes a sacrificial layer; etching the III-nitride based semiconductor layers until the sacrificial layer is exposed; selectively etching the sacrificial layer selectively to form an undercut notch; contacting the III-nitride based semiconductor layers to a support substrate or film; and removing the III-nitride based semiconductor layers from the substrate using a cleaving technique. | A method of removing a substrate from III-nitride based semiconductor layers with a cleaving technique. A growth (57) restrict mask is formed on or above a substrate, and one or more III-nitride based semiconductor layers are grown on or above the substrate using the growth restrict mask. The III-nitride based semiconductor layers are bonded to a support substrate or film, and the III-nitride based semiconductor layers are removed from the substrate using a cleaving technique on a surface of the substrate. Stress may be applied to the III-nitride based semiconductor layers, due to differences in thermal expansion between the III-nitride substrate and the support substrate or film bonded to the III-nitride based semiconductor layers, before the III-nitride based semiconductor layers are removed from the substrate. Once removed, the substrate can be recycled, resulting in cost savings for device fabrication.1. A method of removing a substrate, comprising:
forming a growth restrict mask on or above a substrate; growing one or more III-nitride based semiconductor layers on or above the substrate using the growth restrict mask; contacting the III-nitride based semiconductor layers to a support substrate or film; and removing the III-nitride based semiconductor layers from the substrate using a cleaving technique. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying stress to the III-nitride based semiconductor layers due to differences in thermal expansion between the III-nitride substrate and the support substrate or film contacted to the III-nitride based semiconductor layers. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a III-nitride based substrate or a foreign or hetero-substrate. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is recycled after the III-nitride based semiconductor layers are removed. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the cleaving technique is used on an III-plane surface of the substrate. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the III-nitride based semiconductor layers have a cleaved surface after being removed from the substrate. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the cleaved surface at least comprises an m-plane surface. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the growth restrict mask is at least partially removed prior to the III-nitride based semiconductor layers being removed from the substrate. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the growth restrict mask is patterned. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the growth restrict mask is comprised of a plurality of opening areas. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the III-nitride based semiconductor layers is grown by epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO). 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the ELO is stopped before the III-nitride based semiconductor layers coalesce. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising peeling the III-nitride based semiconductor layers from the substrate. 14. A device fabricated by the method of claim 1. 15. A method of removing a substrate, comprising:
growing one or more ill-nitride based semiconductor layers on or above a substrate; contacting the III-nitride based semiconductor layers to a support substrate or film; and removing the III-nitride based semiconductor layers from the substrate using a cleaving technique, wherein the cleaving technique is performed for a cleaving length, and the cleaving length is narrower than a size of a device formed from the III-nitride based semiconductor layers. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the surface of the substrate on which the cleaving technique is performed is an m-plane surface of the substrate. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the III-nitride based semiconductor layers are at least partially comprised of m-plane layers. 18. A device fabricated by the method of claim 15, 19. A method of removing a substrate, comprising:
growing one or more III-nitride based semiconductor layers on or above the substrate, wherein the III-nitride based semiconductor layers includes a sacrificial layer; etching the III-nitride based semiconductor layers until the sacrificial layer is exposed; selectively etching the sacrificial layer selectively to form an undercut notch; contacting the III-nitride based semiconductor layers to a support substrate or film; and removing the III-nitride based semiconductor layers from the substrate using a cleaving technique. | 2,800 |
340,817 | 16,642,284 | 2,855 | Disclosed are an outer case for a secondary battery, and a secondary battery including the same, the outer case comprising: a first polymer resin layer; a second polymer resin layer positioned on a first surface of the first polymer resin layer, and having a first adhesive layer interposed therebetween so as to be attached thereto; and an inner resin layer positioned on a second surface of the first polymer resin layer, and having a second adhesive layer interposed therebetween so as to be attached thereto, wherein the first polymer resin layer and the second polymer resin layer respectively comprise a fluorine-containing resin. | 1. An outer case for a secondary battery, comprising
a first polymer resin layer; a second polymer resin layer positioned on a first surface of the first polymer resin layer, and having a first adhesive layer interposed therebetween so as to be attached thereto; and an inner resin layer positioned on a second surface of the first polymer resin layer, and having a second adhesive layer interposed therebetween so as to be attached thereto; wherein each of the first polymer resin layer and the second polymer resin layer comprises a fluorine-containing resin. 2. The outer case for the secondary battery of claim 1, wherein each of the first polymer resin layer and the second polymer resin layer has a thickness of 10 μm to 200 μm. 3. The outer case for the secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the fluorine-containing resin comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl chloride (PVF), perfluorinealkoxy PFA), a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), an ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), and an ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE). 4. The outer case for the secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the first polymer resin layer and the second polymer resin layer are made of the same material. 5. The outer case for the secondary battery of claim 1, wherein each of the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer has a thickness of 1 μm to 10 μm. 6. The outer case for the secondary battery of claim 1, wherein
the second polymer resin layer further comprises an outer resin layer disposed on the opposed surface to the surface on which the first polymer resin layer is disposed, and having a third adhesive layer interposed therebetween so as to be attached thereto. 7. The outer case for the secondary battery of claim 1, wherein
the second polymer resin layer further comprises at least one third polymer resin layer disposed on the opposed surface to the surface on which the first polymer resin layer is disposed, and having a fourth adhesive layer interposed therebetween so as to be attached thereto. 8. The outer case for the secondary battery of claim 7, wherein
the third polymer resin layer further comprises an outer resin layer disposed on the opposed surface to the surface on which the second polymer resin layer is disposed, and having a third adhesive layer interposed therebetween so as to be attached thereto. 9. A secondary battery comprising
an electrode assembly, and the outer case for the secondary battery of any one of claim 1 to claim 7 claim 1 housing the electrode assembly. | Disclosed are an outer case for a secondary battery, and a secondary battery including the same, the outer case comprising: a first polymer resin layer; a second polymer resin layer positioned on a first surface of the first polymer resin layer, and having a first adhesive layer interposed therebetween so as to be attached thereto; and an inner resin layer positioned on a second surface of the first polymer resin layer, and having a second adhesive layer interposed therebetween so as to be attached thereto, wherein the first polymer resin layer and the second polymer resin layer respectively comprise a fluorine-containing resin.1. An outer case for a secondary battery, comprising
a first polymer resin layer; a second polymer resin layer positioned on a first surface of the first polymer resin layer, and having a first adhesive layer interposed therebetween so as to be attached thereto; and an inner resin layer positioned on a second surface of the first polymer resin layer, and having a second adhesive layer interposed therebetween so as to be attached thereto; wherein each of the first polymer resin layer and the second polymer resin layer comprises a fluorine-containing resin. 2. The outer case for the secondary battery of claim 1, wherein each of the first polymer resin layer and the second polymer resin layer has a thickness of 10 μm to 200 μm. 3. The outer case for the secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the fluorine-containing resin comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl chloride (PVF), perfluorinealkoxy PFA), a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), an ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), and an ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE). 4. The outer case for the secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the first polymer resin layer and the second polymer resin layer are made of the same material. 5. The outer case for the secondary battery of claim 1, wherein each of the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer has a thickness of 1 μm to 10 μm. 6. The outer case for the secondary battery of claim 1, wherein
the second polymer resin layer further comprises an outer resin layer disposed on the opposed surface to the surface on which the first polymer resin layer is disposed, and having a third adhesive layer interposed therebetween so as to be attached thereto. 7. The outer case for the secondary battery of claim 1, wherein
the second polymer resin layer further comprises at least one third polymer resin layer disposed on the opposed surface to the surface on which the first polymer resin layer is disposed, and having a fourth adhesive layer interposed therebetween so as to be attached thereto. 8. The outer case for the secondary battery of claim 7, wherein
the third polymer resin layer further comprises an outer resin layer disposed on the opposed surface to the surface on which the second polymer resin layer is disposed, and having a third adhesive layer interposed therebetween so as to be attached thereto. 9. A secondary battery comprising
an electrode assembly, and the outer case for the secondary battery of any one of claim 1 to claim 7 claim 1 housing the electrode assembly. | 2,800 |
340,818 | 16,642,288 | 2,855 | The present invention provides a solder alloy, a solder paste, a solder ball, a resin flux-cored solder and a solder joint, both of which has the low-melting point to suppress the occurrence of the fusion failure, improves the ductility and the shear strength, and has excellent heat-cycle resistance. The solder alloy comprises an alloy composition composed of 35 to 68 mass % of Bi, 0.1 to 2.0 mass % of Sb, 0.01 to 0.10 mass % of Ni, and a balance of Sn. The alloy composition may contain at least one of Co, Ti, Al and Mn in total amount of 0.1 mass % or less. The solder alloy may be suitably used for a solder paste, a solder ball, a resin flux-cored solder and a solder joint. | 1. A solder alloy comprising an alloy composition consisting of 35 to 68 mass % of Bi, 0.1 to 2.0 mass % of Sb, 0.01 to 0.10 mass % of Ni, and a balance of Sn. 2. The solder alloy according to claim 1, wherein the alloy composition further contains at least one of Co, Ti, Al and Mn in total amount of 0.1 mass % or less. 3. The solder alloy according to claim 1, wherein the alloy composition further contains at least one of P, Ge, and Ga in total amount of 0.1 mass % or less. 4. The solder alloy according to claim 1, wherein the alloy composition satisfies the following relationship (1),
0.0200≤Ni/Sb≤0.2000 (1)
wherein, in the relationship (1), Ni and Sb represent each content in the solder alloy (mass %). 5. A solder paste comprising the solder alloy according to claim 1. 6. A solder ball comprising the solder alloy according to claim 1. 7. A resin flux-cored solder comprising the solder alloy according to claim 1. 8. A solder joint comprising the solder alloy according to claim 1. | The present invention provides a solder alloy, a solder paste, a solder ball, a resin flux-cored solder and a solder joint, both of which has the low-melting point to suppress the occurrence of the fusion failure, improves the ductility and the shear strength, and has excellent heat-cycle resistance. The solder alloy comprises an alloy composition composed of 35 to 68 mass % of Bi, 0.1 to 2.0 mass % of Sb, 0.01 to 0.10 mass % of Ni, and a balance of Sn. The alloy composition may contain at least one of Co, Ti, Al and Mn in total amount of 0.1 mass % or less. The solder alloy may be suitably used for a solder paste, a solder ball, a resin flux-cored solder and a solder joint.1. A solder alloy comprising an alloy composition consisting of 35 to 68 mass % of Bi, 0.1 to 2.0 mass % of Sb, 0.01 to 0.10 mass % of Ni, and a balance of Sn. 2. The solder alloy according to claim 1, wherein the alloy composition further contains at least one of Co, Ti, Al and Mn in total amount of 0.1 mass % or less. 3. The solder alloy according to claim 1, wherein the alloy composition further contains at least one of P, Ge, and Ga in total amount of 0.1 mass % or less. 4. The solder alloy according to claim 1, wherein the alloy composition satisfies the following relationship (1),
0.0200≤Ni/Sb≤0.2000 (1)
wherein, in the relationship (1), Ni and Sb represent each content in the solder alloy (mass %). 5. A solder paste comprising the solder alloy according to claim 1. 6. A solder ball comprising the solder alloy according to claim 1. 7. A resin flux-cored solder comprising the solder alloy according to claim 1. 8. A solder joint comprising the solder alloy according to claim 1. | 2,800 |
340,819 | 16,642,279 | 2,855 | There is provided a method for identifying potential associates of at least one target person, the method comprising: providing a plurality of videos; identifying appearances of the at least one target person in the plurality of videos; establishing a plurality of video scenes from the plurality of videos, wherein each one of the plurality of video scenes begins at a first predetermined duration before a first appearance of the at least one target person in the respective video scene and ends at a second predetermined duration after a last appearance of said at least one target person in the respective video scene; determining individuals who appear in more than a predetermined threshold number of the plurality of video scenes; and identifying the individuals as potential associates of the at least one target person. | 1. A method for identifying potential associates of at least one target person, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of videos; identifying appearances of the at least one target person in the plurality of videos; establishing a plurality of video scenes from the plurality of videos, wherein each one of the plurality of video scenes begins at a first predetermined duration before a first appearance of the at least one target person in the respective video scene and ends at a second predetermined duration after a last appearance of said at least one target person in the respective video scene; determining individuals who appear in more than a predetermined threshold number of the plurality of video scenes; and identifying the individuals as potential associates of the at least one target person. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein identifying the appearances of a respective target person of the at least one target person from the plurality of videos further comprises:
determining an attribute of the respective target person; and identifying, from the plurality of videos, an individual possessing the attribute as the respective target person. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the attribute further comprises facial information of the respective target person. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the attribute further comprises a physical characteristic of the respective target person. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the attribute further comprises a behavioural characteristic of the respective target person. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein any one of the plurality of video scenes further comprises one or more camera surveillance footage of a location. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein each of the one or more camera surveillance footage shows a different view of the location. 8. An identification device configured to identify potential associates of at least one target person, the identification device comprising:
at least one memory storing instructions, and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions to; receive a plurality of videos; identify appearances of the at least one target person in the plurality of videos; establish a plurality of video scenes from the plurality of videos, wherein each one of the plurality of video scenes begins at a first predetermined duration before a first appearance of the at least one target person in the respective video scene and ends at a second predetermined duration after a last appearance of said at least one target person in the respective video scene; search for individuals who appear in the plurality of video scenes; determine which of the individuals appear in more than a predetermined threshold number of the plurality of video scenes; and identify the individuals who appear in more than a predetermined threshold number of the plurality of video scenes as the potential associates of the at least one target person. 9. The identification device according to claim 8, wherein the processor configured to execute the instructions to:
determine an attribute of a respective target person of the at least one target person; and identify, from the plurality of videos, an individual possessing the attribute as the respective target person. 10. The identification device according to claim 9, wherein the attribute further comprises facial information of the respective target person. 11. The identification device according to claim 9, wherein the attribute further comprises a physical characteristic of the respective target person. 12. The identification device according to claim 9, wherein the attribute further comprises a behavioural characteristic of the respective target person. 13. The identification device according to claim 8, wherein any one of the plurality of video scenes further comprises one or more camera surveillance footage of a location. 14. The identification device according to claim 13, wherein each of the one or more camera surveillance footage shows a different view of the location. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon instructions which, when executed by a processor, make the processor carry out a method for identifying potential associates of at least one target person, the method comprising:
receiving a plurality of videos; identifying appearances of the at least one target person in the plurality of videos; establishing a plurality of video scenes from the plurality of videos, wherein each one of the plurality of video scenes begins at a first predetermined duration before a first appearance of the at least one target person in the respective video scene and ends at a second predetermined duration after a last appearance of said at least one target person in the respective video scene; determining individuals who appear in more than a threshold number of the plurality of video scenes; and identifying the individuals as potential associates of the at least one target person. | There is provided a method for identifying potential associates of at least one target person, the method comprising: providing a plurality of videos; identifying appearances of the at least one target person in the plurality of videos; establishing a plurality of video scenes from the plurality of videos, wherein each one of the plurality of video scenes begins at a first predetermined duration before a first appearance of the at least one target person in the respective video scene and ends at a second predetermined duration after a last appearance of said at least one target person in the respective video scene; determining individuals who appear in more than a predetermined threshold number of the plurality of video scenes; and identifying the individuals as potential associates of the at least one target person.1. A method for identifying potential associates of at least one target person, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of videos; identifying appearances of the at least one target person in the plurality of videos; establishing a plurality of video scenes from the plurality of videos, wherein each one of the plurality of video scenes begins at a first predetermined duration before a first appearance of the at least one target person in the respective video scene and ends at a second predetermined duration after a last appearance of said at least one target person in the respective video scene; determining individuals who appear in more than a predetermined threshold number of the plurality of video scenes; and identifying the individuals as potential associates of the at least one target person. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein identifying the appearances of a respective target person of the at least one target person from the plurality of videos further comprises:
determining an attribute of the respective target person; and identifying, from the plurality of videos, an individual possessing the attribute as the respective target person. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the attribute further comprises facial information of the respective target person. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the attribute further comprises a physical characteristic of the respective target person. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the attribute further comprises a behavioural characteristic of the respective target person. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein any one of the plurality of video scenes further comprises one or more camera surveillance footage of a location. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein each of the one or more camera surveillance footage shows a different view of the location. 8. An identification device configured to identify potential associates of at least one target person, the identification device comprising:
at least one memory storing instructions, and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions to; receive a plurality of videos; identify appearances of the at least one target person in the plurality of videos; establish a plurality of video scenes from the plurality of videos, wherein each one of the plurality of video scenes begins at a first predetermined duration before a first appearance of the at least one target person in the respective video scene and ends at a second predetermined duration after a last appearance of said at least one target person in the respective video scene; search for individuals who appear in the plurality of video scenes; determine which of the individuals appear in more than a predetermined threshold number of the plurality of video scenes; and identify the individuals who appear in more than a predetermined threshold number of the plurality of video scenes as the potential associates of the at least one target person. 9. The identification device according to claim 8, wherein the processor configured to execute the instructions to:
determine an attribute of a respective target person of the at least one target person; and identify, from the plurality of videos, an individual possessing the attribute as the respective target person. 10. The identification device according to claim 9, wherein the attribute further comprises facial information of the respective target person. 11. The identification device according to claim 9, wherein the attribute further comprises a physical characteristic of the respective target person. 12. The identification device according to claim 9, wherein the attribute further comprises a behavioural characteristic of the respective target person. 13. The identification device according to claim 8, wherein any one of the plurality of video scenes further comprises one or more camera surveillance footage of a location. 14. The identification device according to claim 13, wherein each of the one or more camera surveillance footage shows a different view of the location. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon instructions which, when executed by a processor, make the processor carry out a method for identifying potential associates of at least one target person, the method comprising:
receiving a plurality of videos; identifying appearances of the at least one target person in the plurality of videos; establishing a plurality of video scenes from the plurality of videos, wherein each one of the plurality of video scenes begins at a first predetermined duration before a first appearance of the at least one target person in the respective video scene and ends at a second predetermined duration after a last appearance of said at least one target person in the respective video scene; determining individuals who appear in more than a threshold number of the plurality of video scenes; and identifying the individuals as potential associates of the at least one target person. | 2,800 |
340,820 | 16,642,323 | 2,855 | [Object] To provide a lightning threat information-providing apparatus, a lightning threat information-providing method, and a program that are capable of providing a user with accurate information regarding a lightning threat. | 1. A lightning threat information-providing apparatus, comprising:
an input unit that inputs
an observation parameter regarding weather observation data,
a prediction parameter regarding weather prediction data, and
case data regarding a case that occurs in association with lightning occurrence; an intermediate parameter calculation unit that calculates, on a basis of the input observation parameter and the input prediction parameter, an intermediate parameter which that is a parameter regarding physical quantity associated with the lightning occurrence and is incapable of being directly obtained from the observation data or the prediction data; and a lightning threat-estimating unit that estimates a lightning threat on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter. 2. The lightning threat information-providing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the lightning threat-estimating unit includes a lightning weather condition-identifying unit that identifies a lightning weather condition at a predetermined resolution on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter. 3. The lightning threat information-providing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the lightning threat-estimating unit includes a lightning risk-estimating unit that estimates a lightning risk including a loss related to quality, cost, and delivery (QCD) due to a lightning strike on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter. 4. The lightning threat information-providing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising
a database that accumulates the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the intermediate parameter, and the case data in association with one another, wherein the input unit inputs the observation parameter and the prediction parameter acquired in real time or semi-real time, the intermediate parameter calculation unit calculates the intermediate parameter on a basis of the observation parameter and the prediction parameter acquired in real time or semi-real time, and the lightning threat-estimating unit estimates a lightning threat corresponding to the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, and the intermediate parameter on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the intermediate parameter, and the case data accumulated in the database, the observation parameter and the prediction parameter being acquired in real time or semi-real time. 5. The lightning threat information-providing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
a calculation procedure and a judgement criteria of condition identification in the lightning weather condition-identifying unit are determined and updated by machine learning. 6. The lightning threat information-providing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
a calculation procedure and a judgement criteria of risk estimation in the lightning risk-estimating unit are determined and updated by machine learning. 7. A lightning threat information-providing method, comprising:
inputting an observation parameter regarding weather observation data, a prediction parameter regarding weather prediction data, and case data regarding a case that occurs in association with lightning occurrence; calculating, on a basis of the input observation parameter and the input prediction parameter, an intermediate parameter that is a parameter regarding physical quantity associated with the lightning occurrence and is incapable of being directly obtained from the observation data or the prediction data; estimating a lightning threat on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter; and displaying information regarding the estimated lightning threat. 8. The lightning threat information-providing method according to claim 7, wherein
the step of estimating a lightning threat includes identifying a lightning weather condition at a predetermined resolution on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter. 9. The lightning threat information-providing method according to claim 7, wherein
the step of estimating a lightning threat includes estimating a lightning risk including a loss related to quality, cost, and delivery (QCD) due to a lightning strike on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter. 10. A program that causes a computer to execute the steps of:
inputting an observation parameter regarding weather observation data, a prediction parameter regarding weather prediction data, and case data regarding a case that occurs in association with lightning occurrence; calculating, on a basis of the input observation parameter and the input prediction parameter, an intermediate parameter that is a parameter regarding physical quantity associated with the lightning occurrence and is incapable of being directly obtained from the observation data or the prediction data; estimating a lightning threat on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter; and displays information regarding the estimated lightning threat on the display unit. 11. The program according to claim 10, wherein
the step of estimating a lightning threat includes identifying a lightning weather condition at a predetermined resolution on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter. 12. The program according to claim 10, wherein
the step of estimating a lightning threat includes estimating a lightning risk including a loss related to quality, cost, and delivery (QCD) due to a lightning strike on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter. 13. The lightning threat information-providing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the lightning threat-estimating unit includes a lightning risk-estimating unit that estimates a lightning risk including a loss related to quality, cost, and delivery (QCD) due to a lightning strike on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter. 14. The lightning threat information-providing apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising
a database that accumulates the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the intermediate parameter, and the case data in association with one another, wherein the input unit inputs the observation parameter and the prediction parameter acquired in real time or semi-real time, the intermediate parameter calculation unit calculates the intermediate parameter on a basis of the observation parameter and the prediction parameter acquired in real time or semi-real time, and the lightning threat-estimating unit estimates a lightning threat corresponding to the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, and the intermediate parameter on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the intermediate parameter, and the case data accumulated in the database, the observation parameter and the prediction parameter being acquired in real time or semi-real time. 15. The lightning threat information-providing apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising
a database that accumulates the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the intermediate parameter, and the case data in association with one another, wherein the input unit inputs the observation parameter and the prediction parameter acquired in real time or semi-real time, the intermediate parameter calculation unit calculates the intermediate parameter on a basis of the observation parameter and the prediction parameter acquired in real time or semi-real time, and the lightning threat-estimating unit estimates a lightning threat corresponding to the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, and the intermediate parameter on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the intermediate parameter, and the case data accumulated in the database, the observation parameter and the prediction parameter being acquired in real time or semi-real time. 16. The lightning threat information-providing apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising
a database that accumulates the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the intermediate parameter, and the case data in association with one another, wherein the input unit inputs the observation parameter and the prediction parameter acquired in real time or semi-real time, the intermediate parameter calculation unit calculates the intermediate parameter on a basis of the observation parameter and the prediction parameter acquired in real time or semi-real time, and the lightning threat-estimating unit estimates a lightning threat corresponding to the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, and the intermediate parameter on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the intermediate parameter, and the case data accumulated in the database, the observation parameter and the prediction parameter being acquired in real time or semi-real time. 17. The lightning threat information-providing method according to claim 8, wherein
the step of estimating a lightning threat includes estimating a lightning risk including a loss related to quality, cost, and delivery (QCD) due to a lightning strike on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter. 18. The program according to claim 11, wherein
the step of estimating a lightning threat includes estimating a lightning risk including a loss related to quality, cost, and delivery (QCD) due to a lightning strike on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter. | [Object] To provide a lightning threat information-providing apparatus, a lightning threat information-providing method, and a program that are capable of providing a user with accurate information regarding a lightning threat.1. A lightning threat information-providing apparatus, comprising:
an input unit that inputs
an observation parameter regarding weather observation data,
a prediction parameter regarding weather prediction data, and
case data regarding a case that occurs in association with lightning occurrence; an intermediate parameter calculation unit that calculates, on a basis of the input observation parameter and the input prediction parameter, an intermediate parameter which that is a parameter regarding physical quantity associated with the lightning occurrence and is incapable of being directly obtained from the observation data or the prediction data; and a lightning threat-estimating unit that estimates a lightning threat on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter. 2. The lightning threat information-providing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the lightning threat-estimating unit includes a lightning weather condition-identifying unit that identifies a lightning weather condition at a predetermined resolution on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter. 3. The lightning threat information-providing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the lightning threat-estimating unit includes a lightning risk-estimating unit that estimates a lightning risk including a loss related to quality, cost, and delivery (QCD) due to a lightning strike on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter. 4. The lightning threat information-providing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising
a database that accumulates the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the intermediate parameter, and the case data in association with one another, wherein the input unit inputs the observation parameter and the prediction parameter acquired in real time or semi-real time, the intermediate parameter calculation unit calculates the intermediate parameter on a basis of the observation parameter and the prediction parameter acquired in real time or semi-real time, and the lightning threat-estimating unit estimates a lightning threat corresponding to the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, and the intermediate parameter on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the intermediate parameter, and the case data accumulated in the database, the observation parameter and the prediction parameter being acquired in real time or semi-real time. 5. The lightning threat information-providing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
a calculation procedure and a judgement criteria of condition identification in the lightning weather condition-identifying unit are determined and updated by machine learning. 6. The lightning threat information-providing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
a calculation procedure and a judgement criteria of risk estimation in the lightning risk-estimating unit are determined and updated by machine learning. 7. A lightning threat information-providing method, comprising:
inputting an observation parameter regarding weather observation data, a prediction parameter regarding weather prediction data, and case data regarding a case that occurs in association with lightning occurrence; calculating, on a basis of the input observation parameter and the input prediction parameter, an intermediate parameter that is a parameter regarding physical quantity associated with the lightning occurrence and is incapable of being directly obtained from the observation data or the prediction data; estimating a lightning threat on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter; and displaying information regarding the estimated lightning threat. 8. The lightning threat information-providing method according to claim 7, wherein
the step of estimating a lightning threat includes identifying a lightning weather condition at a predetermined resolution on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter. 9. The lightning threat information-providing method according to claim 7, wherein
the step of estimating a lightning threat includes estimating a lightning risk including a loss related to quality, cost, and delivery (QCD) due to a lightning strike on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter. 10. A program that causes a computer to execute the steps of:
inputting an observation parameter regarding weather observation data, a prediction parameter regarding weather prediction data, and case data regarding a case that occurs in association with lightning occurrence; calculating, on a basis of the input observation parameter and the input prediction parameter, an intermediate parameter that is a parameter regarding physical quantity associated with the lightning occurrence and is incapable of being directly obtained from the observation data or the prediction data; estimating a lightning threat on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter; and displays information regarding the estimated lightning threat on the display unit. 11. The program according to claim 10, wherein
the step of estimating a lightning threat includes identifying a lightning weather condition at a predetermined resolution on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter. 12. The program according to claim 10, wherein
the step of estimating a lightning threat includes estimating a lightning risk including a loss related to quality, cost, and delivery (QCD) due to a lightning strike on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter. 13. The lightning threat information-providing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the lightning threat-estimating unit includes a lightning risk-estimating unit that estimates a lightning risk including a loss related to quality, cost, and delivery (QCD) due to a lightning strike on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter. 14. The lightning threat information-providing apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising
a database that accumulates the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the intermediate parameter, and the case data in association with one another, wherein the input unit inputs the observation parameter and the prediction parameter acquired in real time or semi-real time, the intermediate parameter calculation unit calculates the intermediate parameter on a basis of the observation parameter and the prediction parameter acquired in real time or semi-real time, and the lightning threat-estimating unit estimates a lightning threat corresponding to the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, and the intermediate parameter on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the intermediate parameter, and the case data accumulated in the database, the observation parameter and the prediction parameter being acquired in real time or semi-real time. 15. The lightning threat information-providing apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising
a database that accumulates the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the intermediate parameter, and the case data in association with one another, wherein the input unit inputs the observation parameter and the prediction parameter acquired in real time or semi-real time, the intermediate parameter calculation unit calculates the intermediate parameter on a basis of the observation parameter and the prediction parameter acquired in real time or semi-real time, and the lightning threat-estimating unit estimates a lightning threat corresponding to the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, and the intermediate parameter on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the intermediate parameter, and the case data accumulated in the database, the observation parameter and the prediction parameter being acquired in real time or semi-real time. 16. The lightning threat information-providing apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising
a database that accumulates the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the intermediate parameter, and the case data in association with one another, wherein the input unit inputs the observation parameter and the prediction parameter acquired in real time or semi-real time, the intermediate parameter calculation unit calculates the intermediate parameter on a basis of the observation parameter and the prediction parameter acquired in real time or semi-real time, and the lightning threat-estimating unit estimates a lightning threat corresponding to the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, and the intermediate parameter on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the intermediate parameter, and the case data accumulated in the database, the observation parameter and the prediction parameter being acquired in real time or semi-real time. 17. The lightning threat information-providing method according to claim 8, wherein
the step of estimating a lightning threat includes estimating a lightning risk including a loss related to quality, cost, and delivery (QCD) due to a lightning strike on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter. 18. The program according to claim 11, wherein
the step of estimating a lightning threat includes estimating a lightning risk including a loss related to quality, cost, and delivery (QCD) due to a lightning strike on a basis of the observation parameter, the prediction parameter, the case data, and the intermediate parameter. | 2,800 |
340,821 | 16,642,326 | 3,753 | A valve assembly includes a valve body having a circular perimeter and a thickness and a leg body in communication with the valve body. The leg body includes a base and one or more legs that extend outward from the base. The leg body is detachable from the main valve body to permit interchanging. The valve body includes a seal around the circumference of the valve body. The seal extends upward and beneath the midline. The one or more legs are optionally angled or offset from a vertical plane to permit rotations of the valve assembly within its seat. | 1. A valve assembly, comprising:
a valve body having a circular perimeter and a thickness; and a leg body in communication with the valve body, the leg body including a base and one or more legs; wherein the leg body is detachable from the main valve body. 2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the leg body and the valve body are made from at least one of a different material and a different manufacturing process. 3. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the leg body is forged. 4. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the leg body is formed from a cast manufacturing process. 5. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the leg body is machined from a solid bar. 6. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the valve body is formed from a cast manufacturing process. 7. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the valve body is machined from a solid bar. 8. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the valve body includes a seal extending circumferentially around an outer surface. 9. The assembly of claim 8, wherein the seal extends below a midline of the valve body along a lower side surface. 10. The assembly of claim 8, wherein the seal extends above the midline of the valve body along an upper side surface. 11. The assembly of claim 8, wherein the seal is angled inward above a midline of the valve body. 12. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the leg body includes a socket feature for torqueing the leg body into the valve body. 13. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the socket feature is a hex shaped socket with six sides. 14. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the socket feature includes three or more sides. 15. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the socket feature is recessed into the leg body. 16. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the socket feature is located in the base of the leg body. 17. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more legs are offset. 18. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more legs extend away from the base in an angled offset orientation such that at least one of the one or more legs is non-vertical. 19. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
an engineering adhesive in communication with the base for insertion into an aperture of the valve body. | A valve assembly includes a valve body having a circular perimeter and a thickness and a leg body in communication with the valve body. The leg body includes a base and one or more legs that extend outward from the base. The leg body is detachable from the main valve body to permit interchanging. The valve body includes a seal around the circumference of the valve body. The seal extends upward and beneath the midline. The one or more legs are optionally angled or offset from a vertical plane to permit rotations of the valve assembly within its seat.1. A valve assembly, comprising:
a valve body having a circular perimeter and a thickness; and a leg body in communication with the valve body, the leg body including a base and one or more legs; wherein the leg body is detachable from the main valve body. 2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the leg body and the valve body are made from at least one of a different material and a different manufacturing process. 3. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the leg body is forged. 4. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the leg body is formed from a cast manufacturing process. 5. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the leg body is machined from a solid bar. 6. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the valve body is formed from a cast manufacturing process. 7. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the valve body is machined from a solid bar. 8. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the valve body includes a seal extending circumferentially around an outer surface. 9. The assembly of claim 8, wherein the seal extends below a midline of the valve body along a lower side surface. 10. The assembly of claim 8, wherein the seal extends above the midline of the valve body along an upper side surface. 11. The assembly of claim 8, wherein the seal is angled inward above a midline of the valve body. 12. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the leg body includes a socket feature for torqueing the leg body into the valve body. 13. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the socket feature is a hex shaped socket with six sides. 14. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the socket feature includes three or more sides. 15. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the socket feature is recessed into the leg body. 16. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the socket feature is located in the base of the leg body. 17. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more legs are offset. 18. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the one or more legs extend away from the base in an angled offset orientation such that at least one of the one or more legs is non-vertical. 19. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
an engineering adhesive in communication with the base for insertion into an aperture of the valve body. | 3,700 |
340,822 | 16,642,257 | 3,753 | The present disclosure relates to a soybean plant, which is resistant to a pathogen of viral, bacterial, fungal or oomycete origin, wherein the soybean plant has a reduced level, reduced activity or complete absence of DMR6 protein as compared to a soybean plant that is not resistant to the said pathogen, in particular organisms of the kingdom Fungi or the phylum Oomycota. The present disclosure further relates to a method for obtaining a soybean plant, which is resistant to a pathogen of viral, bacterial, fungal or oomycete origin, comprising reducing the endogenous level or activity of DMR6 protein in the soybean plant. In addition, the present disclosure relates to the use of a DMR6 promoter for providing disease resistant soybean plants. | 1-9. (canceled) 10. A Phytophthora sojae resistant soybean plant, wherein the soybean plant has reduced activity of a first DMR6 protein comprising amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:116 as compared to the activity of the first DMR6 protein in a corresponding soybean plant that is not resistant to Phytophthora sojae. 11. The soybean plant of claim 10, wherein the reduced activity of the first DMR6 protein is the result of a non-natural mutation in a first gene encoding the first DMR6 protein, and wherein the non-natural mutation results in reduced expression or reduced transcription of the first gene. 12. A seed, tissue, or plant part of the soybean of claim 11, wherein the seed, tissue, or plant part comprises the non-natural mutation in the first gene and has a reduced activity of the first protein. 13. The soybean plant of claim 10, wherein the soybean plant further has a reduced activity of a second DMR6 protein comprising amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:115 as compared to the activity of the second DMR6 protein in a corresponding soybean plant that is not resistant to Phytophthora sojae. 14. The soybean plant of claim 13, wherein the reduced activity of the first DMR6 protein is the result of a non-natural mutation in a first gene encoding the first DMR6 protein, wherein the non-natural mutation results in reduced expression or reduced transcription of the first gene; and wherein the reduced activity of the second DMR6 protein is the result of a non-natural mutation in a second gene encoding the second DMR6 protein, wherein the non-natural mutation results in reduced expression or reduced transcription of the second gene. 15. A seed, tissue, or plant part of the soybean plant of of claim 13, wherein the seed, tissue, or plant part comprises the non-natural mutation in the first gene and the non-natural mutation in the second gene, and wherein the seed, tissue, or plant part comprises the reduced activity of the first DMR6 protein and the reduced activity of the second DMR6 protein. 16. A method for obtaining a Phytophthora sojae resistant soybean plant comprising reducing an endogenous activity of a first DMR6 protein comprising amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:116 in a soybean plant as compared to the activity of the first DMR6 protein in a corresponding soybean plant that is not resistant to Phytophthora sojae. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the endogenous activity of the first DMR6 protein is reduced by introducing a non-natural mutation in a first gene encoding the first DMR6 protein, wherein the introduction of the non-natural mutation results in reduced expression or reduced transcription of the first gene. 18. A Phytophthora sojae resistant soybean plant produced by the method of claim 16, wherein the soybean plant comprises the non-natural mutation in the first gene and has reduced activity of the first DMR6 protein. 19. A seed, tissue, or plant part of the soybean plant of of claim 18, wherein the seed, tissue, or plant part comprises the non-natural mutation in the first gene and has reduced activity of the first DMR6 protein. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising reducing an endogenous activity of a second DMR6 protein comprising amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:115 in a soybean plant as compared to the activity of the second DMR6 protein in a corresponding soybean plant that is not resistant to Phytophthora sojae. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the endogenous activity of the first DMR6 protein is reduced by introducing a non-natural mutation in a first gene encoding the first DMR6 protein of SEQ ID NO:116, wherein the introduction of the non-natural mutation results in reduced expression or reduced transcription of the first gene; and wherein the endogenous activity of the second DMR6 protein is reduced by introducing a non-natural mutation in a second gene encoding the second DMR6 protein of SEQ ID NO:115, wherein the introduction of the non-natural mutation results in reduced expression or reduced transcription of the second gene. 22. A Phytophthora sojae resistant soybean plant produced by the method of claim 21, wherein the soybean plant comprises the non-natural mutation in the first gene and the non-natural mutation in the second gene and has reduced activity of the first DMR6 protein and reduced activity of the second DMR6 protein. 23. A seed, tissue, or plant part of the soybean plant of of claim 22, wherein the seed, tissue, or plant part comprises the non-natural mutation in the first gene and the non-natural mutation in the second gene and has reduced activity of the first DMR6 protein and reduced activity of the second DMR6 protein. | The present disclosure relates to a soybean plant, which is resistant to a pathogen of viral, bacterial, fungal or oomycete origin, wherein the soybean plant has a reduced level, reduced activity or complete absence of DMR6 protein as compared to a soybean plant that is not resistant to the said pathogen, in particular organisms of the kingdom Fungi or the phylum Oomycota. The present disclosure further relates to a method for obtaining a soybean plant, which is resistant to a pathogen of viral, bacterial, fungal or oomycete origin, comprising reducing the endogenous level or activity of DMR6 protein in the soybean plant. In addition, the present disclosure relates to the use of a DMR6 promoter for providing disease resistant soybean plants.1-9. (canceled) 10. A Phytophthora sojae resistant soybean plant, wherein the soybean plant has reduced activity of a first DMR6 protein comprising amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:116 as compared to the activity of the first DMR6 protein in a corresponding soybean plant that is not resistant to Phytophthora sojae. 11. The soybean plant of claim 10, wherein the reduced activity of the first DMR6 protein is the result of a non-natural mutation in a first gene encoding the first DMR6 protein, and wherein the non-natural mutation results in reduced expression or reduced transcription of the first gene. 12. A seed, tissue, or plant part of the soybean of claim 11, wherein the seed, tissue, or plant part comprises the non-natural mutation in the first gene and has a reduced activity of the first protein. 13. The soybean plant of claim 10, wherein the soybean plant further has a reduced activity of a second DMR6 protein comprising amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:115 as compared to the activity of the second DMR6 protein in a corresponding soybean plant that is not resistant to Phytophthora sojae. 14. The soybean plant of claim 13, wherein the reduced activity of the first DMR6 protein is the result of a non-natural mutation in a first gene encoding the first DMR6 protein, wherein the non-natural mutation results in reduced expression or reduced transcription of the first gene; and wherein the reduced activity of the second DMR6 protein is the result of a non-natural mutation in a second gene encoding the second DMR6 protein, wherein the non-natural mutation results in reduced expression or reduced transcription of the second gene. 15. A seed, tissue, or plant part of the soybean plant of of claim 13, wherein the seed, tissue, or plant part comprises the non-natural mutation in the first gene and the non-natural mutation in the second gene, and wherein the seed, tissue, or plant part comprises the reduced activity of the first DMR6 protein and the reduced activity of the second DMR6 protein. 16. A method for obtaining a Phytophthora sojae resistant soybean plant comprising reducing an endogenous activity of a first DMR6 protein comprising amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:116 in a soybean plant as compared to the activity of the first DMR6 protein in a corresponding soybean plant that is not resistant to Phytophthora sojae. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the endogenous activity of the first DMR6 protein is reduced by introducing a non-natural mutation in a first gene encoding the first DMR6 protein, wherein the introduction of the non-natural mutation results in reduced expression or reduced transcription of the first gene. 18. A Phytophthora sojae resistant soybean plant produced by the method of claim 16, wherein the soybean plant comprises the non-natural mutation in the first gene and has reduced activity of the first DMR6 protein. 19. A seed, tissue, or plant part of the soybean plant of of claim 18, wherein the seed, tissue, or plant part comprises the non-natural mutation in the first gene and has reduced activity of the first DMR6 protein. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising reducing an endogenous activity of a second DMR6 protein comprising amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO:115 in a soybean plant as compared to the activity of the second DMR6 protein in a corresponding soybean plant that is not resistant to Phytophthora sojae. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the endogenous activity of the first DMR6 protein is reduced by introducing a non-natural mutation in a first gene encoding the first DMR6 protein of SEQ ID NO:116, wherein the introduction of the non-natural mutation results in reduced expression or reduced transcription of the first gene; and wherein the endogenous activity of the second DMR6 protein is reduced by introducing a non-natural mutation in a second gene encoding the second DMR6 protein of SEQ ID NO:115, wherein the introduction of the non-natural mutation results in reduced expression or reduced transcription of the second gene. 22. A Phytophthora sojae resistant soybean plant produced by the method of claim 21, wherein the soybean plant comprises the non-natural mutation in the first gene and the non-natural mutation in the second gene and has reduced activity of the first DMR6 protein and reduced activity of the second DMR6 protein. 23. A seed, tissue, or plant part of the soybean plant of of claim 22, wherein the seed, tissue, or plant part comprises the non-natural mutation in the first gene and the non-natural mutation in the second gene and has reduced activity of the first DMR6 protein and reduced activity of the second DMR6 protein. | 3,700 |
340,823 | 16,642,331 | 3,753 | An image processing device (100) includes a noise reducer (22) including a pixel ratio acquirer (23) configured to acquire a pixel value ratio (a) between a scattered-ray reduced image (52) after reduction of a scattered-ray component and a radiation image (51) before the reduction of the scattered-ray component, the noise reducer being configured to reduce a noise component from the scattered-ray reduced image based on the pixel value ratio. | 1. An image processing device comprising:
a scattered-ray reducer configured to reduce, from a radiation image, a scattered-ray component included in the radiation image obtained by irradiating a subject with radiation; and a noise reducer configured to reduce a noise component included in a scattered-ray reduced image obtained by reducing the scattered-ray component from the radiation image; wherein the noise reducer includes:
a pixel ratio acquirer configured to acquire a pixel value ratio between the scattered-ray reduced image after reduction of the scattered-ray component and the radiation image before the reduction of the scattered-ray component; and
a synthesis weight setter configured to set, based on the pixel value ratio, a synthesis weight used for weighted synthesis of a noise reduced image obtained by reducing the noise component from the scattered-ray reduced image and the scattered-ray reduced image;
the noise reducer is configured to reduce the noise component from the scattered-ray reduced image by performing the weighted synthesis on the noise reduced image and the scattered-ray reduced image using the synthesis weight; and the image processing device is configured to output a corrected image obtained by reducing the scattered-ray component and the noise component from the radiation image. 2. (canceled) 3. The image processing device according to claim 1, wherein the synthesis weight setter is configured to set the synthesis weight in such a manner that as the pixel value ratio of the scattered-ray reduced image to the radiation image decreases, a weight of the noise reduced image increases. 4. The image processing device according to claim 1, wherein the synthesis weight setter is configured to set a weight of the scattered-ray reduced image to zero when the pixel value ratio of the scattered-ray reduced image to the radiation image is smaller than a threshold. 5. An image processing device comprising:
a scattered-ray reducer configured to reduce, from a radiation image, a scattered-ray component included in the radiation image obtained by irradiating a subject with radiation; a band image acquirer configured to frequency-decompose a scattered-ray reduced image obtained by reducing the scattered-ray component from the radiation image to acquire a plurality of band images of a plurality of frequency bands; and a noise reducer configured to reduce a noise component included in each of the plurality of band images, the noise reducer including a synthesis weight setter configured to separately set a synthesis weight for each of the plurality of band images based on a pixel value ratio between the scattered-ray reduced image after reduction of the scattered-ray component and the radiation image before the reduction of the scattered-ray component; wherein the image processing device is configured to output a corrected image obtained by reducing the noise component included in each of the plurality of band images by performing weighted synthesis, using the synthesis weight set for each of the plurality of band images, on a noise reduced image obtained by reducing the noise component from each of the plurality of band images and a corresponding band image. 6. (canceled) | An image processing device (100) includes a noise reducer (22) including a pixel ratio acquirer (23) configured to acquire a pixel value ratio (a) between a scattered-ray reduced image (52) after reduction of a scattered-ray component and a radiation image (51) before the reduction of the scattered-ray component, the noise reducer being configured to reduce a noise component from the scattered-ray reduced image based on the pixel value ratio.1. An image processing device comprising:
a scattered-ray reducer configured to reduce, from a radiation image, a scattered-ray component included in the radiation image obtained by irradiating a subject with radiation; and a noise reducer configured to reduce a noise component included in a scattered-ray reduced image obtained by reducing the scattered-ray component from the radiation image; wherein the noise reducer includes:
a pixel ratio acquirer configured to acquire a pixel value ratio between the scattered-ray reduced image after reduction of the scattered-ray component and the radiation image before the reduction of the scattered-ray component; and
a synthesis weight setter configured to set, based on the pixel value ratio, a synthesis weight used for weighted synthesis of a noise reduced image obtained by reducing the noise component from the scattered-ray reduced image and the scattered-ray reduced image;
the noise reducer is configured to reduce the noise component from the scattered-ray reduced image by performing the weighted synthesis on the noise reduced image and the scattered-ray reduced image using the synthesis weight; and the image processing device is configured to output a corrected image obtained by reducing the scattered-ray component and the noise component from the radiation image. 2. (canceled) 3. The image processing device according to claim 1, wherein the synthesis weight setter is configured to set the synthesis weight in such a manner that as the pixel value ratio of the scattered-ray reduced image to the radiation image decreases, a weight of the noise reduced image increases. 4. The image processing device according to claim 1, wherein the synthesis weight setter is configured to set a weight of the scattered-ray reduced image to zero when the pixel value ratio of the scattered-ray reduced image to the radiation image is smaller than a threshold. 5. An image processing device comprising:
a scattered-ray reducer configured to reduce, from a radiation image, a scattered-ray component included in the radiation image obtained by irradiating a subject with radiation; a band image acquirer configured to frequency-decompose a scattered-ray reduced image obtained by reducing the scattered-ray component from the radiation image to acquire a plurality of band images of a plurality of frequency bands; and a noise reducer configured to reduce a noise component included in each of the plurality of band images, the noise reducer including a synthesis weight setter configured to separately set a synthesis weight for each of the plurality of band images based on a pixel value ratio between the scattered-ray reduced image after reduction of the scattered-ray component and the radiation image before the reduction of the scattered-ray component; wherein the image processing device is configured to output a corrected image obtained by reducing the noise component included in each of the plurality of band images by performing weighted synthesis, using the synthesis weight set for each of the plurality of band images, on a noise reduced image obtained by reducing the noise component from each of the plurality of band images and a corresponding band image. 6. (canceled) | 3,700 |
340,824 | 16,642,339 | 3,753 | Methods useful in detecting viable microbes in an agricultural composition are provided. Certain embodiments relate to methods in which a sample of an agricultural composition is obtained, and an amount of at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe is detected. The detected pre-rRNA from an agricultural sample may be compared with the amount of pre-rRNA from a control sample to determine the presence of a viable microbe. | 1. A method for detecting a viable microbe in an agricultural composition, the method comprising:
a. obtaining a first sample of an agricultural composition; b. obtaining a control sample of the agricultural composition; c. nutritionally stimulating the first sample; d. incubating the first sample; e. detecting an amount of at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the first sample; f. detecting an amount of at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the control sample and g. comparing the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from the at least one microbe in the first sample to the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from the at least one microbe in the control sample; wherein a greater amount of detected pre-rRNA in the first sample than in the control sample indicates the presence of a viable microbe. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the agricultural composition comprises an agriculturally acceptable carrier, plant material, a seed, soil, more than one microbe, or a microbial community. 3-6. (canceled) 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the agricultural composition comprises bacteria, fungi, and/or archaea. 8. (canceled) 9. The method of claim 7, wherein a) the bacteria in the agricultural composition comprises bacterial aggregates, a Gram-negative bacteria, or a Gram-positive bacteria; or b) the bacteria is viable but nonculturable. 10-13. (canceled) 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the viable microbe in the agricultural composition is in a mid-logarithmic growth phase or a stationary growth phase. 15. (canceled) 16. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the control sample and detecting the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the first sample is determined via RT-qPCR. 17. (canceled) 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the agricultural composition comprises a seed treatment component. 19. (canceled) 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the seed treatment component comprises:
a) a pesticide; b) a microbial inoculant; c) one or more agriculturally acceptable nutrients and/or fertilizers; d) one or more plant signal molecules; or e) one or more adherents, adhesives binders, buffers, coating agents, colorants, dispersants, fillers, polymers, polysaccharides, surfactants, and/or wetting agents. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the pesticide is selected from the group consisting of at least one or more biocides, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, miticides, nematicides, rodenticides, tioxazafen, clothianidin, ipconazole, imidacloprid, prothiconazol, fluoxastrobin, metalaxyl, trifloxystrobin, metalaxyl, and combinations thereof. 22-25. (canceled) 26. A method for determining the viability of a microbial inoculant, the method comprising:
a. inoculating an agricultural composition with a microbe inoculant; b. after a period of time, obtaining a first sample and a control sample from the agricultural composition with the microbe inoculant; c. nutritionally stimulating the first sample; d. incubating the first sample; e. detecting the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the first sample; f. detecting the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the control sample; g. comparing the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the first sample to the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the control sample; and h. quantifying viability of the at least one microbe in the first sample based on comparing the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the first sample to the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the control sample. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the agricultural composition comprises an agriculturally acceptable carrier, plant material, or a seed. 28. (canceled) 29. The method of claim 26, wherein the first sample and control sample comprise:
a) more than one microbe; or b) a microbial community. 30. (canceled) 31. The method of claim 26, wherein the at least one microbe is selected from the group consisting of bacteria, fungi, and archaea. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the at least one microbe comprises bacteria. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein a) the at least one microbe comprises bacterial aggregates, a Gram-negative bacteria, or a Gram-positive bacteria; or b) the bacteria is viable but nonculturable. 34-37. (canceled) 38. The method of claim 26, wherein
a) the period of time is at least 3 days, at least one year, at least two years or at least three years or; b) the at least one microbe in the agricultural composition is in a mid-logarithmic growth phase or a stationary growth phase. 39-43. (canceled) 44. The method of claim 26, wherein detecting the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the control sample and first sample is determined via RT-qPCR. 45. (canceled) 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the agricultural composition comprises a seed treatment component. 47. The method of claim 46, wherein the seed treatment component comprises:
a) a pesticide; b) one or more agriculturally acceptable nutrients and/or fertilizers; c) one or more plant signal molecules; or d) one or more adherents, adhesives, binders, buffers, coating agents, colorants, dispersants, fillers, polymers, polysaccharides, surfactants, and/or wetting agents. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the pesticide is selected from the group consisting of at least one or more biocides, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, miticides, nematicides, rodenticides, tioxazafen, clothianidin, ipconazole, imidacloprid, prothiconazol, fluoxastrobin, metalaxyl, trifloxystrobin, metalaxyl, and combinations thereof. 49-52. (canceled) | Methods useful in detecting viable microbes in an agricultural composition are provided. Certain embodiments relate to methods in which a sample of an agricultural composition is obtained, and an amount of at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe is detected. The detected pre-rRNA from an agricultural sample may be compared with the amount of pre-rRNA from a control sample to determine the presence of a viable microbe.1. A method for detecting a viable microbe in an agricultural composition, the method comprising:
a. obtaining a first sample of an agricultural composition; b. obtaining a control sample of the agricultural composition; c. nutritionally stimulating the first sample; d. incubating the first sample; e. detecting an amount of at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the first sample; f. detecting an amount of at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the control sample and g. comparing the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from the at least one microbe in the first sample to the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from the at least one microbe in the control sample; wherein a greater amount of detected pre-rRNA in the first sample than in the control sample indicates the presence of a viable microbe. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the agricultural composition comprises an agriculturally acceptable carrier, plant material, a seed, soil, more than one microbe, or a microbial community. 3-6. (canceled) 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the agricultural composition comprises bacteria, fungi, and/or archaea. 8. (canceled) 9. The method of claim 7, wherein a) the bacteria in the agricultural composition comprises bacterial aggregates, a Gram-negative bacteria, or a Gram-positive bacteria; or b) the bacteria is viable but nonculturable. 10-13. (canceled) 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the viable microbe in the agricultural composition is in a mid-logarithmic growth phase or a stationary growth phase. 15. (canceled) 16. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the control sample and detecting the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the first sample is determined via RT-qPCR. 17. (canceled) 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the agricultural composition comprises a seed treatment component. 19. (canceled) 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the seed treatment component comprises:
a) a pesticide; b) a microbial inoculant; c) one or more agriculturally acceptable nutrients and/or fertilizers; d) one or more plant signal molecules; or e) one or more adherents, adhesives binders, buffers, coating agents, colorants, dispersants, fillers, polymers, polysaccharides, surfactants, and/or wetting agents. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the pesticide is selected from the group consisting of at least one or more biocides, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, miticides, nematicides, rodenticides, tioxazafen, clothianidin, ipconazole, imidacloprid, prothiconazol, fluoxastrobin, metalaxyl, trifloxystrobin, metalaxyl, and combinations thereof. 22-25. (canceled) 26. A method for determining the viability of a microbial inoculant, the method comprising:
a. inoculating an agricultural composition with a microbe inoculant; b. after a period of time, obtaining a first sample and a control sample from the agricultural composition with the microbe inoculant; c. nutritionally stimulating the first sample; d. incubating the first sample; e. detecting the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the first sample; f. detecting the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the control sample; g. comparing the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the first sample to the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the control sample; and h. quantifying viability of the at least one microbe in the first sample based on comparing the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the first sample to the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the control sample. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the agricultural composition comprises an agriculturally acceptable carrier, plant material, or a seed. 28. (canceled) 29. The method of claim 26, wherein the first sample and control sample comprise:
a) more than one microbe; or b) a microbial community. 30. (canceled) 31. The method of claim 26, wherein the at least one microbe is selected from the group consisting of bacteria, fungi, and archaea. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the at least one microbe comprises bacteria. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein a) the at least one microbe comprises bacterial aggregates, a Gram-negative bacteria, or a Gram-positive bacteria; or b) the bacteria is viable but nonculturable. 34-37. (canceled) 38. The method of claim 26, wherein
a) the period of time is at least 3 days, at least one year, at least two years or at least three years or; b) the at least one microbe in the agricultural composition is in a mid-logarithmic growth phase or a stationary growth phase. 39-43. (canceled) 44. The method of claim 26, wherein detecting the amount of the at least one pre-rRNA from at least one microbe in the control sample and first sample is determined via RT-qPCR. 45. (canceled) 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the agricultural composition comprises a seed treatment component. 47. The method of claim 46, wherein the seed treatment component comprises:
a) a pesticide; b) one or more agriculturally acceptable nutrients and/or fertilizers; c) one or more plant signal molecules; or d) one or more adherents, adhesives, binders, buffers, coating agents, colorants, dispersants, fillers, polymers, polysaccharides, surfactants, and/or wetting agents. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the pesticide is selected from the group consisting of at least one or more biocides, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, miticides, nematicides, rodenticides, tioxazafen, clothianidin, ipconazole, imidacloprid, prothiconazol, fluoxastrobin, metalaxyl, trifloxystrobin, metalaxyl, and combinations thereof. 49-52. (canceled) | 3,700 |
340,825 | 16,642,303 | 3,753 | A seat cushion extension device is provided which can slide a seat cushion via a single spring, and has high assembly efficiency and a low weight due to a simple structure. The seat cushion extension device includes: a base having first and second rack gears provided to face each other; a cushion part provided on an upper portion of the base to move forward/backward; a locking gear part combined with a shaft extending from the cushion part to the base and having a first gear provided to be engaged with the first and second rack gears; and a manipulation part combined with the cushion part to move forward/backward between the cushion part and the first gear, and having a protruding part provided on a lower surface thereof. | 1. A seat cushion extension device, the extension device comprising:
a base having first and second rack gears provided to face each other; a cushion part provided on an upper portion of the base to move forward/backward; a locking gear part combined with a shaft extending from the cushion part to the base and having a first gear provided to be engaged with the first and second rack gears; and a manipulation part combined with the cushion part to move forward/backward between the cushion part and the first gear, and having a protruding part provided on a lower surface thereof, wherein when the manipulation part is moved backward such that the protruding part lowers the first gear, the first gear is disengaged from the second rack gear, and the cushion part is changed to be slidable. 2. The extension device of claim 1, wherein the locking gear part further comprises a torsion spring generating a rotational elastic force by being combined with the first gear, wherein when the first gear is disengaged from the second rack gear, the first gear is moved forward while being rotated clockwise by the rotational elastic force of the torsion spring. 3. The extension device of claim 2, wherein the first rack gear is configured such that a thickness of the first rack gear is greater than a thickness of the second rack gear, and an upper surface of each of the first and second rack gears is located on the same horizontal line, wherein when the first gear is lowered and disengaged from the second rack gear, the cushion part is moved forward, and when the cushion part is moved backward, the first gear is rotated counterclockwise and the torsion spring is transformed. 4. The extension device of claim 3, wherein the locking gear part further comprises a coil spring provided in a shape of surrounding the shaft between the shaft and the torsion spring, the coil spring elastically resisting against the first gear when the first gear is lowered, wherein when the manipulation part is elastically moved forward and the protruding part is disengaged from the first gear, the first gear is elastically moved upward, engaged with the first and second rack gears, and fixes the cushion part. 5. The extension device of claim 1, wherein the base comprises springs, each of which is disposed in each of sliding grooves provided by being recessed downward in a shape of extending longitudinally forward/backward at opposite sides of the first and second rack gears, an end of a front of each of the springs being configured to be combined with the cushion part, wherein when the first gear is disengaged from the second rack gear, the cushion part is moved forward by the springs. | A seat cushion extension device is provided which can slide a seat cushion via a single spring, and has high assembly efficiency and a low weight due to a simple structure. The seat cushion extension device includes: a base having first and second rack gears provided to face each other; a cushion part provided on an upper portion of the base to move forward/backward; a locking gear part combined with a shaft extending from the cushion part to the base and having a first gear provided to be engaged with the first and second rack gears; and a manipulation part combined with the cushion part to move forward/backward between the cushion part and the first gear, and having a protruding part provided on a lower surface thereof.1. A seat cushion extension device, the extension device comprising:
a base having first and second rack gears provided to face each other; a cushion part provided on an upper portion of the base to move forward/backward; a locking gear part combined with a shaft extending from the cushion part to the base and having a first gear provided to be engaged with the first and second rack gears; and a manipulation part combined with the cushion part to move forward/backward between the cushion part and the first gear, and having a protruding part provided on a lower surface thereof, wherein when the manipulation part is moved backward such that the protruding part lowers the first gear, the first gear is disengaged from the second rack gear, and the cushion part is changed to be slidable. 2. The extension device of claim 1, wherein the locking gear part further comprises a torsion spring generating a rotational elastic force by being combined with the first gear, wherein when the first gear is disengaged from the second rack gear, the first gear is moved forward while being rotated clockwise by the rotational elastic force of the torsion spring. 3. The extension device of claim 2, wherein the first rack gear is configured such that a thickness of the first rack gear is greater than a thickness of the second rack gear, and an upper surface of each of the first and second rack gears is located on the same horizontal line, wherein when the first gear is lowered and disengaged from the second rack gear, the cushion part is moved forward, and when the cushion part is moved backward, the first gear is rotated counterclockwise and the torsion spring is transformed. 4. The extension device of claim 3, wherein the locking gear part further comprises a coil spring provided in a shape of surrounding the shaft between the shaft and the torsion spring, the coil spring elastically resisting against the first gear when the first gear is lowered, wherein when the manipulation part is elastically moved forward and the protruding part is disengaged from the first gear, the first gear is elastically moved upward, engaged with the first and second rack gears, and fixes the cushion part. 5. The extension device of claim 1, wherein the base comprises springs, each of which is disposed in each of sliding grooves provided by being recessed downward in a shape of extending longitudinally forward/backward at opposite sides of the first and second rack gears, an end of a front of each of the springs being configured to be combined with the cushion part, wherein when the first gear is disengaged from the second rack gear, the cushion part is moved forward by the springs. | 3,700 |
340,826 | 16,642,314 | 3,753 | A low-weight carpet tile and process for making the same, wherein the carpet tile comprises a facecloth having a plurality of face yarns tufted through a primary backing, an extruded polymer secondary backing layer, and a reinforcing scrim layer partially embedded within the extruded polymer secondary backing layer. The top surface and bottom surface of the carpet tile are defined by the facecloth and the reinforcing scrim layer, respectively. A polymer-based resin is extruded onto the facecloth to form an at least substantially uniform secondary backing layer, and the reinforcing scrim layer is laid onto the extruded polymer secondary backing layer while the extruded polymer secondary backing layer remains above a softening temperature for the resin. The entire multi-layer web is then passed through a nip to embed the reinforcing scrim layer into the extruded polymer secondary layer, and the entire web is chilled. | 1-24. (canceled) 25. A carpet tile comprising:
a facecloth comprising a primary backing and a plurality of face yarns extending through the primary backing, wherein the facecloth defines an upper surface of the carpet tile; an extruded polymer secondary backing layer having a top surface bonded to the facecloth and an opposite bottom surface; and a reinforcing scrim layer bonded to the bottom surface of the extruded polymer secondary backing, wherein the reinforcing scrim layer defines at least a portion of a bottom surface of the carpet tile. 26. The carpet tile according to claim 25, wherein the reinforcing scrim layer comprises a plurality of fibers and wherein the plurality of fibers comprise at least one of:
glass fibers or polymer fibers. 27. The carpet tile according to claim 26, wherein the plurality of fibers comprise polymer fibers comprising sheathed polyester core fibers. 28. The carpet tile according to claim 26, wherein the plurality of fibers comprise glass fibers having a coating. 29. The carpet tile according to claim 28, wherein the coating comprises polyethylene. 30. The carpet tile according to claim 25, wherein the reinforcing scrim layer comprises a nonwoven fibrous material. 31. The carpet tile according to claim 25, wherein the reinforcing scrim layer comprises a plurality of polymer fibers and a plurality of glass fibers. 32. The carpet tile according to claim 25, wherein the extruded polymer secondary backing comprises a polyolefin. 33. The carpet tile according to claim 32, wherein the extruded polymer secondary backing comprises between about 10 to 40 wt % polyolefin. 34. The carpet tile according to claim 32, wherein the extruded polymer secondary backing comprises between about 20 to 80 wt % of a filler material. 35. The carpet tile according to claim 25, wherein the weight of the carpet tile is between about 40 to 70 ounces per square yard. 36. The carpet tile according to claim 35, wherein the weight of the carpet tile is between about 50 to 60 ounces per square yard. 37. The carpet tile according to claim 25, wherein the facecloth further comprises a primary backing pre-coat layer between the primary backing layer and the extruded polymer secondary backing layer. 38. A method of manufacturing a carpet tile, the method comprising:
providing a facecloth, wherein the facecloth comprises a primary backing having a plurality of face yarns extending through a facecloth; forming a multi-layer construction comprising the facecloth and a backing construction secured on a first side of the facecloth by:
extruding a polymer sheet onto the first side of the facecloth such that a top surface of the polymer sheet is bonded to the facecloth; and
pressing a fibrous reinforcing scrim layer partially into a bottom surface of the extruded polymer sheet to bond the fibrous reinforcing scrim layer to the bottom surface of the extruded polymer sheet such that the fibrous reinforcing scrim layer defines at least a portion of a bottom surface of the carpet tile. 39. The method according to claim 38, wherein pressing the fibrous reinforcing scrim layer partially into the extruded polymer sheet comprises compressing the multi-layer construction between nip rollers. 40. The method according to claim 38, further comprising chilling the multi-layer construction. 41. The method according to claim 38, further comprising steps for cutting the carpet web into a plurality of carpet tiles. 42. The method according to claim 38, wherein extruding a polymer sheet comprises extruding a polyolefin-based resin, wherein the polyolefin-based resin comprises between about 10 to 40 wt % polyolefin and between about 20 to 80 wt % of a filler material. 43. The method according to claim 38, wherein pressing the fibrous reinforcing scrim layer partially into the extruded polymer sheet comprises pressing a nonwoven fiber mat partially into the extruded polymer sheet. 44. The method according to claim 38, wherein the fibrous reinforcing scrim layer comprises at least one of: fiberglass fibers or polymer fibers. 45. The method according to claim 38, wherein said steps for extruding a polymer sheet onto the first side of the facecloth and pressing a fibrous reinforcing scrim layer partially into the extruded polymer sheet collectively form a backing construction having a weight between about 20 to 30 ounces per square yard. 46. The method according to claim 45, wherein providing a facecloth comprises providing a primary backing web having a weight between about 18 to 30 ounces per square yard; and
wherein the multi-layer construction has a weight between about 38 to 60 ounces per square yard. 47. A carpet tile secondary backing resin comprising:
a polyolefin material provided in the range of between about 10 to 40 wt % of the weight of the resin; an inert filler material provided in the range of between about 50 to 80 wt % of the weight of the resin; a viscosity modifier provided in the range of between about 1 to 3 wt % of the weight of the resin; and one or more additional additives collectively provided in the range of between about 0.5 to 15 wt % of the weight of the resin. 48. The carpet tile secondary backing resin according to claim 47, wherein the polyolefin material comprises at least one of: 1-propene, ethylene copolymer; ethylene-propylene copolymer; or propylene homopolymer. | A low-weight carpet tile and process for making the same, wherein the carpet tile comprises a facecloth having a plurality of face yarns tufted through a primary backing, an extruded polymer secondary backing layer, and a reinforcing scrim layer partially embedded within the extruded polymer secondary backing layer. The top surface and bottom surface of the carpet tile are defined by the facecloth and the reinforcing scrim layer, respectively. A polymer-based resin is extruded onto the facecloth to form an at least substantially uniform secondary backing layer, and the reinforcing scrim layer is laid onto the extruded polymer secondary backing layer while the extruded polymer secondary backing layer remains above a softening temperature for the resin. The entire multi-layer web is then passed through a nip to embed the reinforcing scrim layer into the extruded polymer secondary layer, and the entire web is chilled.1-24. (canceled) 25. A carpet tile comprising:
a facecloth comprising a primary backing and a plurality of face yarns extending through the primary backing, wherein the facecloth defines an upper surface of the carpet tile; an extruded polymer secondary backing layer having a top surface bonded to the facecloth and an opposite bottom surface; and a reinforcing scrim layer bonded to the bottom surface of the extruded polymer secondary backing, wherein the reinforcing scrim layer defines at least a portion of a bottom surface of the carpet tile. 26. The carpet tile according to claim 25, wherein the reinforcing scrim layer comprises a plurality of fibers and wherein the plurality of fibers comprise at least one of:
glass fibers or polymer fibers. 27. The carpet tile according to claim 26, wherein the plurality of fibers comprise polymer fibers comprising sheathed polyester core fibers. 28. The carpet tile according to claim 26, wherein the plurality of fibers comprise glass fibers having a coating. 29. The carpet tile according to claim 28, wherein the coating comprises polyethylene. 30. The carpet tile according to claim 25, wherein the reinforcing scrim layer comprises a nonwoven fibrous material. 31. The carpet tile according to claim 25, wherein the reinforcing scrim layer comprises a plurality of polymer fibers and a plurality of glass fibers. 32. The carpet tile according to claim 25, wherein the extruded polymer secondary backing comprises a polyolefin. 33. The carpet tile according to claim 32, wherein the extruded polymer secondary backing comprises between about 10 to 40 wt % polyolefin. 34. The carpet tile according to claim 32, wherein the extruded polymer secondary backing comprises between about 20 to 80 wt % of a filler material. 35. The carpet tile according to claim 25, wherein the weight of the carpet tile is between about 40 to 70 ounces per square yard. 36. The carpet tile according to claim 35, wherein the weight of the carpet tile is between about 50 to 60 ounces per square yard. 37. The carpet tile according to claim 25, wherein the facecloth further comprises a primary backing pre-coat layer between the primary backing layer and the extruded polymer secondary backing layer. 38. A method of manufacturing a carpet tile, the method comprising:
providing a facecloth, wherein the facecloth comprises a primary backing having a plurality of face yarns extending through a facecloth; forming a multi-layer construction comprising the facecloth and a backing construction secured on a first side of the facecloth by:
extruding a polymer sheet onto the first side of the facecloth such that a top surface of the polymer sheet is bonded to the facecloth; and
pressing a fibrous reinforcing scrim layer partially into a bottom surface of the extruded polymer sheet to bond the fibrous reinforcing scrim layer to the bottom surface of the extruded polymer sheet such that the fibrous reinforcing scrim layer defines at least a portion of a bottom surface of the carpet tile. 39. The method according to claim 38, wherein pressing the fibrous reinforcing scrim layer partially into the extruded polymer sheet comprises compressing the multi-layer construction between nip rollers. 40. The method according to claim 38, further comprising chilling the multi-layer construction. 41. The method according to claim 38, further comprising steps for cutting the carpet web into a plurality of carpet tiles. 42. The method according to claim 38, wherein extruding a polymer sheet comprises extruding a polyolefin-based resin, wherein the polyolefin-based resin comprises between about 10 to 40 wt % polyolefin and between about 20 to 80 wt % of a filler material. 43. The method according to claim 38, wherein pressing the fibrous reinforcing scrim layer partially into the extruded polymer sheet comprises pressing a nonwoven fiber mat partially into the extruded polymer sheet. 44. The method according to claim 38, wherein the fibrous reinforcing scrim layer comprises at least one of: fiberglass fibers or polymer fibers. 45. The method according to claim 38, wherein said steps for extruding a polymer sheet onto the first side of the facecloth and pressing a fibrous reinforcing scrim layer partially into the extruded polymer sheet collectively form a backing construction having a weight between about 20 to 30 ounces per square yard. 46. The method according to claim 45, wherein providing a facecloth comprises providing a primary backing web having a weight between about 18 to 30 ounces per square yard; and
wherein the multi-layer construction has a weight between about 38 to 60 ounces per square yard. 47. A carpet tile secondary backing resin comprising:
a polyolefin material provided in the range of between about 10 to 40 wt % of the weight of the resin; an inert filler material provided in the range of between about 50 to 80 wt % of the weight of the resin; a viscosity modifier provided in the range of between about 1 to 3 wt % of the weight of the resin; and one or more additional additives collectively provided in the range of between about 0.5 to 15 wt % of the weight of the resin. 48. The carpet tile secondary backing resin according to claim 47, wherein the polyolefin material comprises at least one of: 1-propene, ethylene copolymer; ethylene-propylene copolymer; or propylene homopolymer. | 3,700 |
340,827 | 16,642,336 | 2,883 | Various embodiments may relate to a method of forming a photonic integrated circuit package (PIC). The method may include forming a redistribution layer (RDL) over a carrier. The method may also include forming a through hole or cavity on the redistribution layer. The method may additionally include providing a stop-ring structure, the stop-ring structure including a ring of suitable material, the stop-ring structure defining a hollow space, over the redistribution layer so that the hollow space is over the through hole or cavity. The method may further include arranging a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) die over the redistribution layer so that the photonic integrated circuit (PIC) die is on the stop-ring structure. The method may also include forming a molded package by forming a mold structure to at least partially cover the photonic integrated circuit (PIC) die to form the photonic integrated circuit package. | 1. A method of forming a photonic integrated circuit package, the method comprising:
forming a redistribution layer over a carrier; forming a through hole or cavity on the redistribution layer; providing a stop-ring structure, the stop-ring structure comprising a ring of suitable material, the stop-ring structure defining a hollow space, over the redistribution layer so that the hollow space is over the through hole or cavity; arranging a photonic integrated circuit die over the redistribution layer so that the photonic integrated circuit die is on the stop-ring structure; and forming a molded package by forming a mold structure to at least partially cover the photonic integrated circuit die to form the photonic integrated circuit package. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
dicing the molded package to form the photonic integrated circuit package; wherein dicing the molded package comprises dicing the photonic integrated circuit die and the stop-ring structure. 3. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the photonic integrated circuit die comprises one or more optical couplers; and wherein arranging the photonic integrated circuit die over the redistribution layer comprises arranging the photonic integrated circuit die so that the one or more optical couplers are at least partially exposed to the hollow space of the stop-ring structure. 4. The method according to claim 2,
wherein the photonic integrated circuit die and the stop-ring structure are diced in such a manner that a surface of the diced stop-ring structure exposed by dicing is perpendicular to the one or more optical couplers of the diced photonic integrated circuit die. 5. The method according to claim 2,
wherein the photonic integrated circuit die comprises one or more optical couplers; wherein the one or more optical couplers of the diced photonic integrated circuit die are perpendicular to a lateral surface of the diced photonic integrated circuit die; and wherein the lateral surface is exposed by dicing of the photonic integrated circuit die. 6. The method according to claim 5,
where the diced stop-ring structure and the one or more couplers define a space configured to accommodate an end of an optical fiber. 7. The method according to claim 2,
wherein the molded package is diced to remove a first end portion and to remove a second end portion opposite the first end portion. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
forming interconnects to electrically connect the photonic integrated circuit die to the redistribution layer. 9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
arranging one or more electrical integrated circuit dies over the redistribution layer; and wherein forming the molded package also comprises forming the mold structure to also at least partially cover the one or more electrical integrated circuit dies. 10. The method according to claim 1,
wherein forming the molded structure comprises forming a through mold via (TMV) or a through mold interconnect (TMI). 11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
arranging an electronic integrated circuit over the redistribution layer; wherein forming the molded package also comprises forming the mold structure to also at least partially cover the electronic integrated circuit die. 12. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
depositing underfill after providing the stop-ring structure over the redistribution layer. 13. A photonic integrated circuit package comprising:
a redistribution layer; a stop-ring structure over the redistribution layer; and a photonic integrated circuit die over the redistribution layer so that the photonic integrated circuit die is on the stop-ring structure; and a mold structure at least partially covering the photonic integrated circuit die. 14. The photonic integrated circuit package according to claim 13,
wherein the redistribution layer is a diced redistribution layer; wherein the stop-ring structure is a diced stop-ring structure; wherein the photonic integrated circuit die is a diced photonic integrated circuit die; and wherein the mold structure is a diced mold structure. 15. The photonic integrated circuit package according to claim 14,
wherein the diced photonic integrated circuit die comprises one or more optical couplers; wherein a lateral surface of the diced stop-ring structure is perpendicular to the one or more optical couplers; and wherein the diced stop-ring structure and the one or more optical couplers define a space configured to accommodate an end of an optical fiber. 16. The photonic integrated circuit package according to claim 15, further comprising:
a further diced stop-ring structure over the diced redistribution layer; wherein the diced photonic integrated circuit die due comprises one or more further optical couplers; wherein a lateral surface of the further diced stop-ring structure is perpendicular to the one or more further optical couplers; and where the further diced stop-ring structure and the one or more further optical couplers define a further space configured to hold an end of a further optical fiber. 17. The photonic integrated circuit package according to claim 13, further comprising:
an electrical integrated circuit die over the redistribution layer; wherein the electrical integrated circuit die is electrically coupled to the photonic integrated circuit die; and wherein the mold structure also covers the electrical integrated circuit. 18. The photonic integrated circuit package according to claim 17, further comprising:
a driver over the redistribution layer; wherein the electrical integrated circuit die is electrically coupled to the photonic integrated circuit die via the driver. 19. The photonic integrated circuit package according to claim 17, further comprising:
an amplifier over the diced redistribution layer; wherein the electrical integrated circuit die is electrically coupled to the diced photonic integrated circuit die via the amplifier. 20. An opto-electronic system comprising:
a substrate; and a photonic integrated circuit package over the substrate;
wherein the photonic integrated circuit package comprises:
a redistribution layer;
a stop-ring structure over the redistribution layer;
a photonic integrated circuit die over the redistribution layer so that the photonic integrated circuit die is on the stop-ring structure; and
a mold structure at least partially covering the photonic integrated circuit die. | Various embodiments may relate to a method of forming a photonic integrated circuit package (PIC). The method may include forming a redistribution layer (RDL) over a carrier. The method may also include forming a through hole or cavity on the redistribution layer. The method may additionally include providing a stop-ring structure, the stop-ring structure including a ring of suitable material, the stop-ring structure defining a hollow space, over the redistribution layer so that the hollow space is over the through hole or cavity. The method may further include arranging a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) die over the redistribution layer so that the photonic integrated circuit (PIC) die is on the stop-ring structure. The method may also include forming a molded package by forming a mold structure to at least partially cover the photonic integrated circuit (PIC) die to form the photonic integrated circuit package.1. A method of forming a photonic integrated circuit package, the method comprising:
forming a redistribution layer over a carrier; forming a through hole or cavity on the redistribution layer; providing a stop-ring structure, the stop-ring structure comprising a ring of suitable material, the stop-ring structure defining a hollow space, over the redistribution layer so that the hollow space is over the through hole or cavity; arranging a photonic integrated circuit die over the redistribution layer so that the photonic integrated circuit die is on the stop-ring structure; and forming a molded package by forming a mold structure to at least partially cover the photonic integrated circuit die to form the photonic integrated circuit package. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
dicing the molded package to form the photonic integrated circuit package; wherein dicing the molded package comprises dicing the photonic integrated circuit die and the stop-ring structure. 3. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the photonic integrated circuit die comprises one or more optical couplers; and wherein arranging the photonic integrated circuit die over the redistribution layer comprises arranging the photonic integrated circuit die so that the one or more optical couplers are at least partially exposed to the hollow space of the stop-ring structure. 4. The method according to claim 2,
wherein the photonic integrated circuit die and the stop-ring structure are diced in such a manner that a surface of the diced stop-ring structure exposed by dicing is perpendicular to the one or more optical couplers of the diced photonic integrated circuit die. 5. The method according to claim 2,
wherein the photonic integrated circuit die comprises one or more optical couplers; wherein the one or more optical couplers of the diced photonic integrated circuit die are perpendicular to a lateral surface of the diced photonic integrated circuit die; and wherein the lateral surface is exposed by dicing of the photonic integrated circuit die. 6. The method according to claim 5,
where the diced stop-ring structure and the one or more couplers define a space configured to accommodate an end of an optical fiber. 7. The method according to claim 2,
wherein the molded package is diced to remove a first end portion and to remove a second end portion opposite the first end portion. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
forming interconnects to electrically connect the photonic integrated circuit die to the redistribution layer. 9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
arranging one or more electrical integrated circuit dies over the redistribution layer; and wherein forming the molded package also comprises forming the mold structure to also at least partially cover the one or more electrical integrated circuit dies. 10. The method according to claim 1,
wherein forming the molded structure comprises forming a through mold via (TMV) or a through mold interconnect (TMI). 11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
arranging an electronic integrated circuit over the redistribution layer; wherein forming the molded package also comprises forming the mold structure to also at least partially cover the electronic integrated circuit die. 12. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
depositing underfill after providing the stop-ring structure over the redistribution layer. 13. A photonic integrated circuit package comprising:
a redistribution layer; a stop-ring structure over the redistribution layer; and a photonic integrated circuit die over the redistribution layer so that the photonic integrated circuit die is on the stop-ring structure; and a mold structure at least partially covering the photonic integrated circuit die. 14. The photonic integrated circuit package according to claim 13,
wherein the redistribution layer is a diced redistribution layer; wherein the stop-ring structure is a diced stop-ring structure; wherein the photonic integrated circuit die is a diced photonic integrated circuit die; and wherein the mold structure is a diced mold structure. 15. The photonic integrated circuit package according to claim 14,
wherein the diced photonic integrated circuit die comprises one or more optical couplers; wherein a lateral surface of the diced stop-ring structure is perpendicular to the one or more optical couplers; and wherein the diced stop-ring structure and the one or more optical couplers define a space configured to accommodate an end of an optical fiber. 16. The photonic integrated circuit package according to claim 15, further comprising:
a further diced stop-ring structure over the diced redistribution layer; wherein the diced photonic integrated circuit die due comprises one or more further optical couplers; wherein a lateral surface of the further diced stop-ring structure is perpendicular to the one or more further optical couplers; and where the further diced stop-ring structure and the one or more further optical couplers define a further space configured to hold an end of a further optical fiber. 17. The photonic integrated circuit package according to claim 13, further comprising:
an electrical integrated circuit die over the redistribution layer; wherein the electrical integrated circuit die is electrically coupled to the photonic integrated circuit die; and wherein the mold structure also covers the electrical integrated circuit. 18. The photonic integrated circuit package according to claim 17, further comprising:
a driver over the redistribution layer; wherein the electrical integrated circuit die is electrically coupled to the photonic integrated circuit die via the driver. 19. The photonic integrated circuit package according to claim 17, further comprising:
an amplifier over the diced redistribution layer; wherein the electrical integrated circuit die is electrically coupled to the diced photonic integrated circuit die via the amplifier. 20. An opto-electronic system comprising:
a substrate; and a photonic integrated circuit package over the substrate;
wherein the photonic integrated circuit package comprises:
a redistribution layer;
a stop-ring structure over the redistribution layer;
a photonic integrated circuit die over the redistribution layer so that the photonic integrated circuit die is on the stop-ring structure; and
a mold structure at least partially covering the photonic integrated circuit die. | 2,800 |
340,828 | 16,642,340 | 1,645 | The disclosure relates to composition and methods to treat dermatological diseases and disorders and to composition that modulate skin barrier permeability. | 1-21. (canceled) 22. A method of treating a dermatological disorder comprising administering an effective amount of at least one coagulase negative Staphylococcus sp. (CoNS), or an effective amount of a fermentation extract of CoNS sufficient to inhibit protease activity on the skin, wherein the CoNS produces a polypeptide comprising a sequence that is at least 98% identical to SEQ ID NO:4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, or 17 and which inhibits protease production. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the dermatological disorders is selected from the group consisting of Netherton syndrome, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, acne, epidermal hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, epidermal inflammation, dermal inflammation and pruritus. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the administering is by topical application. 25. The method of claim 22, wherein the at least one CoNS is selected from the group consisting of is Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus caprae, Staphylococcus saccharolyticus, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus pasteuri, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus devriesei, Staphylococcus Hominis, Staphylococcus jettensis, Staphylococcus petrasii, and Staphylococcus lugdunensis. 26. The method of claim 22, wherein the fermentation extract of the CoNS comprises a polypeptide sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 or 17 and/or a compound of Formula I. 27. The method of claim 22, wherein the at least one CoNS is selected from the group consisting of S. epidermidis A11, S. hominis C4, S. hominis C5, S. hominis A9, S. warneri G2 and any combination thereof. 28. A method of treating a skin disease or disorder, comprising
measuring the protease activity of a culture from skin of a subject or of skin from the subject; comparing the protease activity to a normal control; administering a commensal skin bacterial composition and/or fermentation extract from a coagulase negative Staphylococci, wherein the commensal skin bacteria composition or fermentation extract comprises a polypeptide that is at least 98% identical to SEQ ID NO:4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 or 17 and/or comprises a compound of Formula I, wherein the composition is formulated in a cream, ointment or pharmaceutical composition that maintain the commensal skin bacteria's ability to grow and replicate. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the coagulase negative Staphylococci is selected from the group consisting of is Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus caprae, Staphylococcus saccharolyticus, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus pasteuri, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus devriesei, Staphylococcus Hominis, Staphylococcus jettensis, Staphylococcus petrasii, and Staphylococcus lugdunensis. 30. A method of treating a skin disease or disorder comprising administering a probiotic composition comprising a bacteria that produces a polypeptide that is at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO:4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 or 17 and which inhibits (i) protease production and/or activity of keratinocytes, (ii) inhibits IL-6 production and/or activity of keratinocytes, (iii) inhibits production of phenol soluble modulin alpha 3 from Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and/or (iv) inhibits adr production and/or activity by S. aureus. 31. (canceled) 32. The method of claim 30, wherein the administering is topical. 33. (canceled) 34. The method of claim 30, wherein the probiotic composition comprises at least one probiotic commensal skin bacteria selected from the group consisting of S. epidermidis A11, S. hominis C4, S. hominis C5, S. hominis A9, S. warneri G2 and any combination thereof. 35. The method of claim 30, wherein the probiotic composition is formulated as a lotion, shake lotion, cream, ointment, gel, foam, powder, solid, paste or tincture. 36-37. (canceled) 38. The method of claim 22, wherein the administering is topical, and wherein the at least one CoNS and/or the fermentation extract of the CoNS is formulated as a lotion, shake lotion, cream, ointment, gel, foam, powder, solid, paste or tincture. 39. The method of claim 22, wherein the polypeptide inhibits (i) protease production and/or activity of keratinocytes, (ii) inhibits IL-6 production and/or activity of keratinocytes, (iii) inhibits production of phenol soluble modulin alpha 3 from Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and/or (iv) inhibits agr production and/or activity by S. aureus. 40. The method of claim 28, wherein the skin disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of Netherton syndrome, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, acne, epidermal hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, epidermal inflammation, dermal inflammation and pruritus. 41. The method of claim 28, wherein the administering is by topical application. 42. The method of claim 28, the coagulase negative Staphylococci is selected from the group of microorganisms having ATCC Number PTA-125202 (strain designation S. epidermidis A11 81618, deposited Aug. 28, 2018), ATCC Number PTA-125204 (strain designation S. hominis C5 81618, deposited Aug. 28, 2018), ATCC Number PTA-125203 (strain designation S. hominis A9 81618, deposited Aug. 28, 2018), ATCC Number PTA-125205 (strain designation S. warneri G2 81618, deposited Aug. 28, 2018) and any combination of the foregoing strains. 43. The method of claim 28, wherein the polypeptide inhibits (i) protease production and/or activity of keratinocytes, (ii) inhibits IL-6 production and/or activity of keratinocytes, (iii) inhibits production of phenol soluble modulin alpha 3 from Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and/or (iv) inhibits agr production and/or activity by S. aureus. 44. The method of claim 30, wherein the polypeptide inhibits kallikrein expression and/or phenol soluble modulin expression. 45. The method of claim 30, wherein the skin disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of Netherton syndrome, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, acne, epidermal hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, epidermal inflammation, dermal inflammation and pruritus. | The disclosure relates to composition and methods to treat dermatological diseases and disorders and to composition that modulate skin barrier permeability.1-21. (canceled) 22. A method of treating a dermatological disorder comprising administering an effective amount of at least one coagulase negative Staphylococcus sp. (CoNS), or an effective amount of a fermentation extract of CoNS sufficient to inhibit protease activity on the skin, wherein the CoNS produces a polypeptide comprising a sequence that is at least 98% identical to SEQ ID NO:4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, or 17 and which inhibits protease production. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the dermatological disorders is selected from the group consisting of Netherton syndrome, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, acne, epidermal hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, epidermal inflammation, dermal inflammation and pruritus. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the administering is by topical application. 25. The method of claim 22, wherein the at least one CoNS is selected from the group consisting of is Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus caprae, Staphylococcus saccharolyticus, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus pasteuri, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus devriesei, Staphylococcus Hominis, Staphylococcus jettensis, Staphylococcus petrasii, and Staphylococcus lugdunensis. 26. The method of claim 22, wherein the fermentation extract of the CoNS comprises a polypeptide sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 or 17 and/or a compound of Formula I. 27. The method of claim 22, wherein the at least one CoNS is selected from the group consisting of S. epidermidis A11, S. hominis C4, S. hominis C5, S. hominis A9, S. warneri G2 and any combination thereof. 28. A method of treating a skin disease or disorder, comprising
measuring the protease activity of a culture from skin of a subject or of skin from the subject; comparing the protease activity to a normal control; administering a commensal skin bacterial composition and/or fermentation extract from a coagulase negative Staphylococci, wherein the commensal skin bacteria composition or fermentation extract comprises a polypeptide that is at least 98% identical to SEQ ID NO:4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 or 17 and/or comprises a compound of Formula I, wherein the composition is formulated in a cream, ointment or pharmaceutical composition that maintain the commensal skin bacteria's ability to grow and replicate. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the coagulase negative Staphylococci is selected from the group consisting of is Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus caprae, Staphylococcus saccharolyticus, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus pasteuri, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus devriesei, Staphylococcus Hominis, Staphylococcus jettensis, Staphylococcus petrasii, and Staphylococcus lugdunensis. 30. A method of treating a skin disease or disorder comprising administering a probiotic composition comprising a bacteria that produces a polypeptide that is at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO:4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 or 17 and which inhibits (i) protease production and/or activity of keratinocytes, (ii) inhibits IL-6 production and/or activity of keratinocytes, (iii) inhibits production of phenol soluble modulin alpha 3 from Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and/or (iv) inhibits adr production and/or activity by S. aureus. 31. (canceled) 32. The method of claim 30, wherein the administering is topical. 33. (canceled) 34. The method of claim 30, wherein the probiotic composition comprises at least one probiotic commensal skin bacteria selected from the group consisting of S. epidermidis A11, S. hominis C4, S. hominis C5, S. hominis A9, S. warneri G2 and any combination thereof. 35. The method of claim 30, wherein the probiotic composition is formulated as a lotion, shake lotion, cream, ointment, gel, foam, powder, solid, paste or tincture. 36-37. (canceled) 38. The method of claim 22, wherein the administering is topical, and wherein the at least one CoNS and/or the fermentation extract of the CoNS is formulated as a lotion, shake lotion, cream, ointment, gel, foam, powder, solid, paste or tincture. 39. The method of claim 22, wherein the polypeptide inhibits (i) protease production and/or activity of keratinocytes, (ii) inhibits IL-6 production and/or activity of keratinocytes, (iii) inhibits production of phenol soluble modulin alpha 3 from Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and/or (iv) inhibits agr production and/or activity by S. aureus. 40. The method of claim 28, wherein the skin disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of Netherton syndrome, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, acne, epidermal hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, epidermal inflammation, dermal inflammation and pruritus. 41. The method of claim 28, wherein the administering is by topical application. 42. The method of claim 28, the coagulase negative Staphylococci is selected from the group of microorganisms having ATCC Number PTA-125202 (strain designation S. epidermidis A11 81618, deposited Aug. 28, 2018), ATCC Number PTA-125204 (strain designation S. hominis C5 81618, deposited Aug. 28, 2018), ATCC Number PTA-125203 (strain designation S. hominis A9 81618, deposited Aug. 28, 2018), ATCC Number PTA-125205 (strain designation S. warneri G2 81618, deposited Aug. 28, 2018) and any combination of the foregoing strains. 43. The method of claim 28, wherein the polypeptide inhibits (i) protease production and/or activity of keratinocytes, (ii) inhibits IL-6 production and/or activity of keratinocytes, (iii) inhibits production of phenol soluble modulin alpha 3 from Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and/or (iv) inhibits agr production and/or activity by S. aureus. 44. The method of claim 30, wherein the polypeptide inhibits kallikrein expression and/or phenol soluble modulin expression. 45. The method of claim 30, wherein the skin disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of Netherton syndrome, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, acne, epidermal hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, epidermal inflammation, dermal inflammation and pruritus. | 1,600 |
340,829 | 16,642,245 | 1,645 | Crystals of the compound represented by formula (1), a method for the production thereof, and a method for producing an antibody-drug conjugate using the crystals. | 1. Crystals of the compound represented by formula (1): 2. The crystals according to claim 1, wherein the crystals show main peaks at diffraction angles (2θ) of 5.6±0.2°, 15.5±0.2° and 22.0±0.2° in powder X-ray diffraction obtained by irradiation with copper Kα radiation. 3. A method for producing crystals of the compound represented by formula (1): 4. The production method according to claim 3, wherein the crystals of the compound represented by the formula (1) show main peaks at diffraction angles (2θ) of 5.6±0.2°, 15.5±0.2° and 22.0±0.2° in powder X-ray diffraction obtained by irradiation with a copper Kα radiation. 5. The production method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the solution in which the compound represented by the formula (1) is dissolved comprises a lower ketone and a lower alcohol as solvents. 6. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the lower ketone is acetone. 7. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the lower ketone is methyl ethyl ketone. 8. The production method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the lower alcohol is 1-propanol. 9. The production method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the lower alcohol is 2-butanol. 10. The production method according to any one of claims 3 to 9, comprising a step of adding a seed crystal of the crystals of the compound represented by the formula (1). 11. The production method according to any one of claims 3 to 10, wherein the compound represented by the formula (1) is produced by a production method (I),
wherein the production method (I) is a production method comprising the steps of:
deprotecting protecting groups for an amino group and a carboxy group of a compound represented by formula (B): 12. The production method according to any one of claims 3 to 10, wherein the compound represented by the formula (1) is produced by a production method (II),
wherein the production method (II) is a production method comprising the steps of:
deprotecting a protecting group for an amino group of a compound represented by formula (B): 13. The production method according to claim 11 or 12, comprising the steps of: dissolving the compound represented by the formula (10) in a solvent containing 1,2-dimethoxyethane; and then precipitating crystals of a 1,2-dimethoxyethane adduct of the compound represented by the formula (10). 14. The production method according to claim 13, wherein the crystals of the 1,2-dimethoxyethane adduct of the compound represented by the formula (10) show main peaks at diffraction angles (2θ) of 19.0±0.2° and 25.0±0.2° in powder X-ray diffraction obtained by irradiation with a copper Kα radiation. 15. The production method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the step of condensing the compound represented by the formula (10) and the compound represented by the formula (11) to convert it into the compound represented by the formula (1) is performed in a two-phase system of an aqueous sodium sulfate solution and tetrahydrofuran. 16. The production method according to any one of claims 3 to 10, wherein the compound represented by the formula (1) is produced by a production method (III),
wherein the production method (III) is a production method comprising the steps of:
deprotecting a protecting group for a carboxy group of a compound represented by formula (B): 17. The production method according to any one of claims 11 to 16, wherein the compound represented by the formula (11) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt. 18. The production method according to any one of claims 11 to 16, wherein the compound represented by the formula (11) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt m-hydrate, wherein m is in the range of 0 to 3. 19. The production method according to any one of claims 11 to 16, wherein the compound represented by the formula (11) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt dihydrate. 20. The production method according to any one of claims 11 to 19, wherein the compound represented by the formula (B) is produced by a production method (IV),
wherein the production method (IV) is a production method comprising the steps of:
reacting a compound represented by formula (H): 21. The production method according to claim 20, wherein the step of reacting the compound represented by the formula (H) with lead tetraacetate to convert it into the compound represented by the formula (J) is performed in the presence of acetic acid. 22. The production method according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the step of reacting the compound represented by the formula (J) with the compound represented by the formula (K) to convert it into the compound represented by the formula (L) is performed in the presence of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. 23. The production method according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the step of reacting the compound represented by the formula (J) with the compound represented by the formula (K) to convert it into the compound represented by the formula (L) is performed in the presence of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane. 24. The production method according to any one of claims 20 to 23, comprising a step of adding an acid to precipitate a salt of the compound represented by the formula (M) and the acid after the step of deprotecting the protecting group for the amino group of the compound represented by the formula (L) to convert it into the compound represented by the formula (M). 25. The production method according to claim 24, wherein the acid is 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. 26. The production method according to any one of claims 11 to 25, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with a benzyloxycarbonyl group. 27. The production method according to any one of claims 11 to 25, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with a (9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl group. 28. The production method according to any one of claims 11 to 27, wherein R2 is a carboxy group protected with a benzyl group. 29. The production method according to any one of claims 20 to 28, wherein R3 is an amino group protected with a (9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl group. 30. The production method according to any one of claims 11 to 29, wherein X is a (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)oxycarbonyl group. 31. The production method according to any one of claims 3 to 10, wherein the compound represented by the formula (1) is produced by a production method (V),
wherein the production method (V) is a production method comprising the steps of:
reacting the compound represented by formula (2): 32. The production method according to claim 31, comprising the steps of: dissolving the compound represented by the formula (10) in a solvent containing 1,2-dimethoxyethane; and then precipitating crystals of a 1,2-dimethoxyethane adduct of the compound represented by the formula (10). 33. The production method according to claim 32, wherein the crystals of the 1,2-dimethoxyethane adduct of the compound represented by the formula (10) show main peaks at diffraction angles (2θ) of 19.0±0.2° and 25.0±0.2° in powder X-ray diffraction obtained by irradiation with a copper Kα radiation. 34. The production method according to any one of claims 31 to 33, wherein the step of condensing the compound represented by the formula (10) with the compound represented by the formula (11) to convert it into the compound represented by the formula (1) is performed in a two-phase system of an aqueous sodium sulfate solution and tetrahydrofuran. 35. The production method according to any one of claims 3 to 10, wherein the compound represented by the formula (1) is produced by a production method (VI),
wherein the production method (VI) is a production method comprising the steps of:
reacting the compound represented by formula (2): 36. The production method according to any one of claims 31 to 35, wherein the step of reacting the compound represented by the formula (2) with lead tetraacetate to convert it into the compound represented by the formula (3) is performed in the presence of acetic acid. 37. The production method according to any one of claims 31 to 36, wherein the step of converting the compound represented by the formula (3) into the compound represented by the formula (4) is performed in the presence of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. 38. The production method according to any one of claims 31 to 36, wherein the step of converting the compound represented by the formula (3) into the compound represented by the formula (4) is performed in the presence of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane. 39. The production method according to any one of claims 31 to 38, comprising a step of adding an acid to precipitate a salt of the compound represented by the formula (5) and the acid after the step of deprotecting the protecting group for the amino group of the compound represented by the formula (4) to convert it into the compound represented by the formula (5). 40. The production method according to claim 39, wherein the acid is 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. 41. The production method according to any one of claims 31 to 40, wherein the compound represented by the formula (6) is produced by a method comprising the steps of:
condensing the compound represented by formula (23): 42. The production method according to any one of claims 31 to 41, wherein the compound represented by the formula (9) is produced by a method comprising the steps of:
reacting the compound represented by formula (17): 43. The production method according to any one of claims 31 to 42, wherein the compound represented by the formula (11) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt. 44. The production method according to any one of claims 31 to 42, wherein the compound represented by the formula (11) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt m-hydrate, wherein m is in the range of 0 to 3. 45. The production method according to any one of claims 31 to 42, wherein the compound represented by the formula (11) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt dihydrate. 46. The production method according to any one of claims 3 to 45, wherein no chromatography is used. 47. Crystals of a 1,2-dimethoxyethane adduct of the compound represented by formula (10): 48. The crystals according to claim 47, wherein the crystals show main peaks at diffraction angles (2θ) of 19.0±0.2° and 25.0±0.2° in powder X-ray diffraction obtained by irradiation with a copper Kα radiation. 49. A salt of the compound represented by formula (5): 50. The salt according to claim 49, wherein the acid is 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. 51. A method for producing an antibody-drug conjugate, in which a drug-linker represented by formula (19): 52. The production method according to claim 51, wherein the antibody is an anti-HER2 antibody, an anti-HER3 antibody, an anti-TROP2 antibody, an anti-B7-H3 antibody, or an anti-GPR20 antibody. | Crystals of the compound represented by formula (1), a method for the production thereof, and a method for producing an antibody-drug conjugate using the crystals.1. Crystals of the compound represented by formula (1): 2. The crystals according to claim 1, wherein the crystals show main peaks at diffraction angles (2θ) of 5.6±0.2°, 15.5±0.2° and 22.0±0.2° in powder X-ray diffraction obtained by irradiation with copper Kα radiation. 3. A method for producing crystals of the compound represented by formula (1): 4. The production method according to claim 3, wherein the crystals of the compound represented by the formula (1) show main peaks at diffraction angles (2θ) of 5.6±0.2°, 15.5±0.2° and 22.0±0.2° in powder X-ray diffraction obtained by irradiation with a copper Kα radiation. 5. The production method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the solution in which the compound represented by the formula (1) is dissolved comprises a lower ketone and a lower alcohol as solvents. 6. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the lower ketone is acetone. 7. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the lower ketone is methyl ethyl ketone. 8. The production method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the lower alcohol is 1-propanol. 9. The production method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the lower alcohol is 2-butanol. 10. The production method according to any one of claims 3 to 9, comprising a step of adding a seed crystal of the crystals of the compound represented by the formula (1). 11. The production method according to any one of claims 3 to 10, wherein the compound represented by the formula (1) is produced by a production method (I),
wherein the production method (I) is a production method comprising the steps of:
deprotecting protecting groups for an amino group and a carboxy group of a compound represented by formula (B): 12. The production method according to any one of claims 3 to 10, wherein the compound represented by the formula (1) is produced by a production method (II),
wherein the production method (II) is a production method comprising the steps of:
deprotecting a protecting group for an amino group of a compound represented by formula (B): 13. The production method according to claim 11 or 12, comprising the steps of: dissolving the compound represented by the formula (10) in a solvent containing 1,2-dimethoxyethane; and then precipitating crystals of a 1,2-dimethoxyethane adduct of the compound represented by the formula (10). 14. The production method according to claim 13, wherein the crystals of the 1,2-dimethoxyethane adduct of the compound represented by the formula (10) show main peaks at diffraction angles (2θ) of 19.0±0.2° and 25.0±0.2° in powder X-ray diffraction obtained by irradiation with a copper Kα radiation. 15. The production method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the step of condensing the compound represented by the formula (10) and the compound represented by the formula (11) to convert it into the compound represented by the formula (1) is performed in a two-phase system of an aqueous sodium sulfate solution and tetrahydrofuran. 16. The production method according to any one of claims 3 to 10, wherein the compound represented by the formula (1) is produced by a production method (III),
wherein the production method (III) is a production method comprising the steps of:
deprotecting a protecting group for a carboxy group of a compound represented by formula (B): 17. The production method according to any one of claims 11 to 16, wherein the compound represented by the formula (11) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt. 18. The production method according to any one of claims 11 to 16, wherein the compound represented by the formula (11) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt m-hydrate, wherein m is in the range of 0 to 3. 19. The production method according to any one of claims 11 to 16, wherein the compound represented by the formula (11) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt dihydrate. 20. The production method according to any one of claims 11 to 19, wherein the compound represented by the formula (B) is produced by a production method (IV),
wherein the production method (IV) is a production method comprising the steps of:
reacting a compound represented by formula (H): 21. The production method according to claim 20, wherein the step of reacting the compound represented by the formula (H) with lead tetraacetate to convert it into the compound represented by the formula (J) is performed in the presence of acetic acid. 22. The production method according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the step of reacting the compound represented by the formula (J) with the compound represented by the formula (K) to convert it into the compound represented by the formula (L) is performed in the presence of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. 23. The production method according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the step of reacting the compound represented by the formula (J) with the compound represented by the formula (K) to convert it into the compound represented by the formula (L) is performed in the presence of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane. 24. The production method according to any one of claims 20 to 23, comprising a step of adding an acid to precipitate a salt of the compound represented by the formula (M) and the acid after the step of deprotecting the protecting group for the amino group of the compound represented by the formula (L) to convert it into the compound represented by the formula (M). 25. The production method according to claim 24, wherein the acid is 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. 26. The production method according to any one of claims 11 to 25, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with a benzyloxycarbonyl group. 27. The production method according to any one of claims 11 to 25, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with a (9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl group. 28. The production method according to any one of claims 11 to 27, wherein R2 is a carboxy group protected with a benzyl group. 29. The production method according to any one of claims 20 to 28, wherein R3 is an amino group protected with a (9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl group. 30. The production method according to any one of claims 11 to 29, wherein X is a (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)oxycarbonyl group. 31. The production method according to any one of claims 3 to 10, wherein the compound represented by the formula (1) is produced by a production method (V),
wherein the production method (V) is a production method comprising the steps of:
reacting the compound represented by formula (2): 32. The production method according to claim 31, comprising the steps of: dissolving the compound represented by the formula (10) in a solvent containing 1,2-dimethoxyethane; and then precipitating crystals of a 1,2-dimethoxyethane adduct of the compound represented by the formula (10). 33. The production method according to claim 32, wherein the crystals of the 1,2-dimethoxyethane adduct of the compound represented by the formula (10) show main peaks at diffraction angles (2θ) of 19.0±0.2° and 25.0±0.2° in powder X-ray diffraction obtained by irradiation with a copper Kα radiation. 34. The production method according to any one of claims 31 to 33, wherein the step of condensing the compound represented by the formula (10) with the compound represented by the formula (11) to convert it into the compound represented by the formula (1) is performed in a two-phase system of an aqueous sodium sulfate solution and tetrahydrofuran. 35. The production method according to any one of claims 3 to 10, wherein the compound represented by the formula (1) is produced by a production method (VI),
wherein the production method (VI) is a production method comprising the steps of:
reacting the compound represented by formula (2): 36. The production method according to any one of claims 31 to 35, wherein the step of reacting the compound represented by the formula (2) with lead tetraacetate to convert it into the compound represented by the formula (3) is performed in the presence of acetic acid. 37. The production method according to any one of claims 31 to 36, wherein the step of converting the compound represented by the formula (3) into the compound represented by the formula (4) is performed in the presence of an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. 38. The production method according to any one of claims 31 to 36, wherein the step of converting the compound represented by the formula (3) into the compound represented by the formula (4) is performed in the presence of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane. 39. The production method according to any one of claims 31 to 38, comprising a step of adding an acid to precipitate a salt of the compound represented by the formula (5) and the acid after the step of deprotecting the protecting group for the amino group of the compound represented by the formula (4) to convert it into the compound represented by the formula (5). 40. The production method according to claim 39, wherein the acid is 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. 41. The production method according to any one of claims 31 to 40, wherein the compound represented by the formula (6) is produced by a method comprising the steps of:
condensing the compound represented by formula (23): 42. The production method according to any one of claims 31 to 41, wherein the compound represented by the formula (9) is produced by a method comprising the steps of:
reacting the compound represented by formula (17): 43. The production method according to any one of claims 31 to 42, wherein the compound represented by the formula (11) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt. 44. The production method according to any one of claims 31 to 42, wherein the compound represented by the formula (11) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt m-hydrate, wherein m is in the range of 0 to 3. 45. The production method according to any one of claims 31 to 42, wherein the compound represented by the formula (11) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt dihydrate. 46. The production method according to any one of claims 3 to 45, wherein no chromatography is used. 47. Crystals of a 1,2-dimethoxyethane adduct of the compound represented by formula (10): 48. The crystals according to claim 47, wherein the crystals show main peaks at diffraction angles (2θ) of 19.0±0.2° and 25.0±0.2° in powder X-ray diffraction obtained by irradiation with a copper Kα radiation. 49. A salt of the compound represented by formula (5): 50. The salt according to claim 49, wherein the acid is 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. 51. A method for producing an antibody-drug conjugate, in which a drug-linker represented by formula (19): 52. The production method according to claim 51, wherein the antibody is an anti-HER2 antibody, an anti-HER3 antibody, an anti-TROP2 antibody, an anti-B7-H3 antibody, or an anti-GPR20 antibody. | 1,600 |
340,830 | 16,642,305 | 1,645 | Sealing strip (9) intended to be mounted on an upper edge (3A) of an exterior panel (3) of the door provided with a window (5), comprising: a body (11) forming a slot (13) with two opposing faces (15, 17) able to fit over the upper edge (3A); a lip (19) extending along the body (11), intended to contact the window (5); and wherein at least one of the two opposing faces (15, 17) of the slot (13) comprises edge corners (25) running transversely to the strip (9) and each having an end face (25A) external to the slot (13), having a profile that makes a mean angle (α, β) comprised between 10° and 30° with a main direction of said slot (13) so as to encourage insertion of the edge (3A) in the slot (13). | 1. A sealing strip adapted to be mounted on an upper edge of an exterior panel of a door of a vehicle having a window, said strip comprising:
a body forming a slot having two opposing faces, said slot being sized to fit over the upper edge of the exterior panel of the vehicle; a lip extending along the body, intended to contact the window;
wherein:
at least one of the two opposing faces of the slot comprises ridges running transversely to the strip, each ridge having an end face external to the slot, having a profile that makes a mean angle of between 10° and 30° with a main direction of said slot so as to facilitate insertion of the edge in the slot. 2. The sealing strip according to claim 1, wherein the ridges each have a semi-circular cross section and are distributed evenly along the strip. 3. The sealing strip according to claim 1, wherein one of the two opposing faces of the slot is an internal face located on a side of the lip, said face also comprising at least one boss having a triangular section extending longitudinally so as to form an inclined sliding face along the upper edge, the boss forming a clip adapted to engage in a corresponding orifice in the upper edge of the exterior panel. 4. The sealing strip according to claim 3, wherein the at least one boss also comprises a face engaging in the corresponding orifice of the upper edge of the exterior panel, and two end faces, the inclined sliding face forming with said end faces two edges, at least one of said edges having a chamfer of at least 2 mm×2 mm. 5. The sealing strip according to claim 3, wherein the at least one boss comprises, on the inclined sliding face, a metal piece adapted to reduce the grip of the boss on the upper edge of the panel when fitting the strip onto the upper edge of the panel. 6. The sealing strip according to claim 3, wherein the portion of the body forming the interior face of the slot is a wall with transverse cutouts on either side of the at least one boss so as to enable said wall to bend at said face between said cutouts when fitting the strip onto the upper edge. 7. The sealing strip according to claim 6, wherein the cutouts extend from an exterior edge of the interior face towards the bottom of the slot to a distance from said bottom of between 0 mm and 10 mm. 8. The sealing strip according to claim 6, wherein the wall forming the interior face of the slot has at least one opening between two cutouts on either side of the at least one boss. 9. The sealing strip according to claim 8, wherein the opening or openings extend longitudinally in alignment with the bottoms of the cutouts. 10. A motor vehicle comprising at least one door, said door comprising:
a movable window; an exterior panel; and the sealing strip of claim 1 mounted on an upper edge of the exterior panel. | Sealing strip (9) intended to be mounted on an upper edge (3A) of an exterior panel (3) of the door provided with a window (5), comprising: a body (11) forming a slot (13) with two opposing faces (15, 17) able to fit over the upper edge (3A); a lip (19) extending along the body (11), intended to contact the window (5); and wherein at least one of the two opposing faces (15, 17) of the slot (13) comprises edge corners (25) running transversely to the strip (9) and each having an end face (25A) external to the slot (13), having a profile that makes a mean angle (α, β) comprised between 10° and 30° with a main direction of said slot (13) so as to encourage insertion of the edge (3A) in the slot (13).1. A sealing strip adapted to be mounted on an upper edge of an exterior panel of a door of a vehicle having a window, said strip comprising:
a body forming a slot having two opposing faces, said slot being sized to fit over the upper edge of the exterior panel of the vehicle; a lip extending along the body, intended to contact the window;
wherein:
at least one of the two opposing faces of the slot comprises ridges running transversely to the strip, each ridge having an end face external to the slot, having a profile that makes a mean angle of between 10° and 30° with a main direction of said slot so as to facilitate insertion of the edge in the slot. 2. The sealing strip according to claim 1, wherein the ridges each have a semi-circular cross section and are distributed evenly along the strip. 3. The sealing strip according to claim 1, wherein one of the two opposing faces of the slot is an internal face located on a side of the lip, said face also comprising at least one boss having a triangular section extending longitudinally so as to form an inclined sliding face along the upper edge, the boss forming a clip adapted to engage in a corresponding orifice in the upper edge of the exterior panel. 4. The sealing strip according to claim 3, wherein the at least one boss also comprises a face engaging in the corresponding orifice of the upper edge of the exterior panel, and two end faces, the inclined sliding face forming with said end faces two edges, at least one of said edges having a chamfer of at least 2 mm×2 mm. 5. The sealing strip according to claim 3, wherein the at least one boss comprises, on the inclined sliding face, a metal piece adapted to reduce the grip of the boss on the upper edge of the panel when fitting the strip onto the upper edge of the panel. 6. The sealing strip according to claim 3, wherein the portion of the body forming the interior face of the slot is a wall with transverse cutouts on either side of the at least one boss so as to enable said wall to bend at said face between said cutouts when fitting the strip onto the upper edge. 7. The sealing strip according to claim 6, wherein the cutouts extend from an exterior edge of the interior face towards the bottom of the slot to a distance from said bottom of between 0 mm and 10 mm. 8. The sealing strip according to claim 6, wherein the wall forming the interior face of the slot has at least one opening between two cutouts on either side of the at least one boss. 9. The sealing strip according to claim 8, wherein the opening or openings extend longitudinally in alignment with the bottoms of the cutouts. 10. A motor vehicle comprising at least one door, said door comprising:
a movable window; an exterior panel; and the sealing strip of claim 1 mounted on an upper edge of the exterior panel. | 1,600 |
340,831 | 16,642,312 | 3,684 | The embodiments of the present application disclose a method and a device for fast order processing. One embodiment of said method comprises: in response to detection of an operation of configuring a shortcut for a commodity, displaying a shortcut configuration page; receiving a configuration parameter inputted by a user into the shortcut configuration page; unloading a shortcut generation request to a server, the shortcut generation request comprising commodity identity information, user identity information, and the configuration parameter; and in response to receipt of a universally unique identifier (UUID) sent by the server corresponding to the shortcut generation request, generating a shortcut comprising the UUID, so that one-click shopping can be realized using the shortcut for an order. | 1. A method for fast processing of an order, comprising:
presenting a shortcut setting page, in response to detecting an operation of setting a shortcut for a commodity; receiving a configuration parameter inputted by a user into the shortcut setting page; uploading a shortcut generating request to a server, the shortcut generating request comprising commodity identity information, user identity information, and the configuration parameter; and generating, in response to receiving a universally unique identifier (UUID) corresponding to the shortcut generating request and being sent by the server, a shortcut including the UUID. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the configuration parameter at least comprises:
commodity parameter information and purchase parameter information. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the generating a shortcut including the UUID, the method further comprises:
uploading an order generating request to the server, in response to detecting a user trigger operation on the shortcut. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the method further comprises:
uploading, in response to receiving order information corresponding to the order generating request and being generated by the server, authentication information inputted by the user to the server. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein after the uploading authentication information inputted by the user to the server, the method further comprises:
receiving authentication result information for indicating whether authentication is successful, the authentication result information being sent by the server. 6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the configuration parameter further comprises a push permission configuration parameter and/or a timed reminding permission configuration parameter; and
the method further comprises: receiving push information and/or timed reminding information sent by the server based on the push permission configuration parameter and/or the timed reminding permission configuration parameter inputted by the user. 7. An apparatus for fast processing of an order, comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory storing instructions, wherein the instructions when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations, the operations comprising: presenting a shortcut setting page, in response to detecting an operation of setting a shortcut for a commodity; receiving a configuration parameter inputted by a user into the shortcut setting page; uploading a shortcut generating request to a server, the shortcut generating request comprising commodity identity information, user identity information, and the configuration parameter; and generating, in response to receiving a universally unique identifier (UUID) corresponding to the shortcut generating request and being sent by the server, a shortcut including the UUID. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the configuration parameter at least comprises commodity parameter information and purchase parameter information. 9. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the operations further comprises:
uploading an order generating request to the server, in response to detecting a user trigger operation on the shortcut. 10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the operations further comprises:
uploading, in response to receiving order information corresponding to the order generating request and being generated by the server, authentication information inputted by the user to the server. 11. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the operations further comprises:
receiving authentication result information for indicating whether authentication is successful, the authentication result information being sent by the server. 12. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the configuration parameter further comprises a push permission configuration parameter and/or a timed reminding permission configuration parameter; and
the operations further comprises: receiving push information and/or timed reminding information sent by the server based on the push permission configuration parameter and/or the timed reminding permission configuration parameter inputted by the user. 13. (canceled) 14. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, storing a computer program thereon, wherein the program, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform operations, the operations comprising:
presenting a shortcut setting page, in response to detecting an operation of setting a shortcut for a commodity; receiving a configuration parameter inputted by a user into the shortcut setting page; uploading a shortcut generating request to a server, the shortcut generating request comprising commodity identity information, user identity information, and the configuration parameter; and generating, in response to receiving a universally unique identifier (UUID) corresponding to the shortcut generating request and being sent by the server, a shortcut including the UUID. 15. The storage medium according to claim 14, wherein the configuration parameter at least comprises:
commodity parameter information and purchase parameter information. 16. The storage medium according to claim 14, wherein after the generating a shortcut including the UUID, the operations further comprise:
uploading an order generating request to the server, in response to detecting a user trigger operation on the shortcut. 17. The storage medium according to claim 16, wherein the operations further comprise:
uploading, in response to receiving order information corresponding to the order generating request and being generated by the server, authentication information inputted by the user to the server. 18. The storage medium according to claim 17, wherein after the uploading authentication information inputted by the user to the server, the operations further comprise:
receiving authentication result information for indicating whether authentication is successful, the authentication result information being sent by the server. 19. The storage medium according to claim 15, wherein the configuration parameter further comprises a push permission configuration parameter and/or a timed reminding permission configuration parameter; and
the operations further comprise: receiving push information and/or timed reminding information sent by the server based on the push permission configuration parameter and/or the timed reminding permission configuration parameter inputted by the user. | The embodiments of the present application disclose a method and a device for fast order processing. One embodiment of said method comprises: in response to detection of an operation of configuring a shortcut for a commodity, displaying a shortcut configuration page; receiving a configuration parameter inputted by a user into the shortcut configuration page; unloading a shortcut generation request to a server, the shortcut generation request comprising commodity identity information, user identity information, and the configuration parameter; and in response to receipt of a universally unique identifier (UUID) sent by the server corresponding to the shortcut generation request, generating a shortcut comprising the UUID, so that one-click shopping can be realized using the shortcut for an order.1. A method for fast processing of an order, comprising:
presenting a shortcut setting page, in response to detecting an operation of setting a shortcut for a commodity; receiving a configuration parameter inputted by a user into the shortcut setting page; uploading a shortcut generating request to a server, the shortcut generating request comprising commodity identity information, user identity information, and the configuration parameter; and generating, in response to receiving a universally unique identifier (UUID) corresponding to the shortcut generating request and being sent by the server, a shortcut including the UUID. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the configuration parameter at least comprises:
commodity parameter information and purchase parameter information. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the generating a shortcut including the UUID, the method further comprises:
uploading an order generating request to the server, in response to detecting a user trigger operation on the shortcut. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the method further comprises:
uploading, in response to receiving order information corresponding to the order generating request and being generated by the server, authentication information inputted by the user to the server. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein after the uploading authentication information inputted by the user to the server, the method further comprises:
receiving authentication result information for indicating whether authentication is successful, the authentication result information being sent by the server. 6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the configuration parameter further comprises a push permission configuration parameter and/or a timed reminding permission configuration parameter; and
the method further comprises: receiving push information and/or timed reminding information sent by the server based on the push permission configuration parameter and/or the timed reminding permission configuration parameter inputted by the user. 7. An apparatus for fast processing of an order, comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory storing instructions, wherein the instructions when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations, the operations comprising: presenting a shortcut setting page, in response to detecting an operation of setting a shortcut for a commodity; receiving a configuration parameter inputted by a user into the shortcut setting page; uploading a shortcut generating request to a server, the shortcut generating request comprising commodity identity information, user identity information, and the configuration parameter; and generating, in response to receiving a universally unique identifier (UUID) corresponding to the shortcut generating request and being sent by the server, a shortcut including the UUID. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the configuration parameter at least comprises commodity parameter information and purchase parameter information. 9. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the operations further comprises:
uploading an order generating request to the server, in response to detecting a user trigger operation on the shortcut. 10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the operations further comprises:
uploading, in response to receiving order information corresponding to the order generating request and being generated by the server, authentication information inputted by the user to the server. 11. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the operations further comprises:
receiving authentication result information for indicating whether authentication is successful, the authentication result information being sent by the server. 12. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the configuration parameter further comprises a push permission configuration parameter and/or a timed reminding permission configuration parameter; and
the operations further comprises: receiving push information and/or timed reminding information sent by the server based on the push permission configuration parameter and/or the timed reminding permission configuration parameter inputted by the user. 13. (canceled) 14. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, storing a computer program thereon, wherein the program, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform operations, the operations comprising:
presenting a shortcut setting page, in response to detecting an operation of setting a shortcut for a commodity; receiving a configuration parameter inputted by a user into the shortcut setting page; uploading a shortcut generating request to a server, the shortcut generating request comprising commodity identity information, user identity information, and the configuration parameter; and generating, in response to receiving a universally unique identifier (UUID) corresponding to the shortcut generating request and being sent by the server, a shortcut including the UUID. 15. The storage medium according to claim 14, wherein the configuration parameter at least comprises:
commodity parameter information and purchase parameter information. 16. The storage medium according to claim 14, wherein after the generating a shortcut including the UUID, the operations further comprise:
uploading an order generating request to the server, in response to detecting a user trigger operation on the shortcut. 17. The storage medium according to claim 16, wherein the operations further comprise:
uploading, in response to receiving order information corresponding to the order generating request and being generated by the server, authentication information inputted by the user to the server. 18. The storage medium according to claim 17, wherein after the uploading authentication information inputted by the user to the server, the operations further comprise:
receiving authentication result information for indicating whether authentication is successful, the authentication result information being sent by the server. 19. The storage medium according to claim 15, wherein the configuration parameter further comprises a push permission configuration parameter and/or a timed reminding permission configuration parameter; and
the operations further comprise: receiving push information and/or timed reminding information sent by the server based on the push permission configuration parameter and/or the timed reminding permission configuration parameter inputted by the user. | 3,600 |
340,832 | 16,642,281 | 3,684 | A flexible double-junction solar cell includes a flexible substrate including a lower electrode layer, an InGaAs solar cell disposed to be in contact with the lower electrode layer of the flexible substrate, and a GaAs solar cell disposed on the InGaAs solar cell and connected to the InGaAs solar cell in series. The GaAs solar cell includes a metal nanodisk array disposed on a lower surface thereof and a void array, aligned with the metal nanodisk array, is disposed below the metal nanodisk array. | 1. A flexible double-junction solar cell comprising:
a flexible substrate including a lower electrode layer, an InGaAs solar cell disposed to be in contact with the lower electrode layer of the flexible substrate; and a GaAs solar cell disposed on the InGaAs solar cell and connected to the InGaAs solar cell in series, wherein the GaAs solar cell includes a metal nanodisk array disposed on a lower surface thereof; and a void array, aligned with the metal nanodisk array, is disposed below the metal nanodisk array. 2. The flexible double-junction solar cell of claim 1, wherein the InGaAs solar cell comprises:
a lower metal adhesive layer disposed on the lower electrode layer; a semiconductor adhesive layer disposed on the lower metal adhesive layer; an upper metal adhesive layer disposed on the semiconductor adhesive layer; an n+-InP contact layer disposed on the upper metal adhesive layer; an n-InGaAs base layer disposed on the n+-InP contact layer; a p+-InGaAs emitter layer disposed on the n-InGaAs base layer, a p+-InP window layer disposed on the p+-InGaAs emitter layer; and a p++-InGaAs contact layer disposed on the p+-InP window layer. 3. The flexible double-junction solar cell of claim 2, wherein the GaAs solar cell comprises:
an n+-GaAs contact layer disposed on the p++-InGaAs contact layer of the InGaAs solar cell; an n+-InGaP back-surface field layer disposed on the n+-GaAs contact layer; an n-GaAs base layer disposed on the n+-InGaP back surface field layer; a p+-GaAs emitter layer disposed on the n-GaAs base layer; a p+-InGaP window layer disposed on the p+-GaAs emitter layer; and a p+-GaAs contact layer disposed on the p+-InGaP window layer, and wherein the metal nanodisk array is disposed on a lower surface of the n+-GaAs contact layer, and the void array is disposed between the p++-InGaAs contact layer and the metal nanodisk array. 4. The flexible double-junction solar cell of claim 3, wherein the p+-GaAs contact layer has a depressed portion, and
the flexible double-junction solar cell further comprises: an antireflective coating film filling the depressed portion; and an upper electrode layer disposed on the p+-GaAs contact layer. 5. The flexible double-junction solar cell of claim 1, wherein the metal nanodisk array includes gold (Au),
the metal nanodisk array has a thickness of 40 nm to 60 nm, the metal nanodisk army has a period 50 nm to 200 nm, and the metal nanodisk array has a diameter of 30 nm to 120 nm. 6. A method of manufacturing a flexible double-junction solar cell, the method comprising:
preparing a GaAs solar cell including a GaAs buffer layer, an AlAs sacrificial layer, a p+-GaAs contact layer, a p+-InGaP window layer, a p+-GaAs emitter layer, an n-GaAs base layer, an n+-InGaP back surface field layer, and an n+-GaAs contact layer on an n+-GaAs substrate; forming a metal nanodisk array on a lower surface of a hole array in the n+-GaAs contact layer of the GaAs solar cell and forming a void in an upper portion of the metal nanodisk array; preparing an InGaAs solar cell including an InP buffer layer, an AlAs auxiliary sacrificial layer, a p++-InGaAs contact layer, a p+-InP window layer, a p+-InGaAs emitter layer, an n-InGaAs base layer, and an n+-InP contact layer sequentially stacked on an n+-InP substrate; sequentially stacking an upper metal adhesive layer, a semiconductor adhesive layer, and a lower metal adhesive layer on the n+-InP contact layer of the InGaAs solar cell; bonding the lower metal adhesive layer, stacked on the InGaAs solar cell, to a flexible substrate including a lower electrode layer; removing the AlAs auxiliary sacrificial layer of the InGaAs solar cell to expose the p++-InGaAs contact layer; performing wafer bonding on the p++-InGaAs contact layer of the InGaAs solar cell to the n+-GaAs contact layer of the GaAs solar cell to form a double-junction solar cell; and removing the AlAs sacrificial layer of the GaAs solar cell from the double-junction solar cell to expose the p+-GaAs contact layer. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
locally forming an upper electrode layer on the p+-GaAs contact layer; and forming an antireflective coating film in a depressed portion where the p+-GaAs contact layer is locally removed. | A flexible double-junction solar cell includes a flexible substrate including a lower electrode layer, an InGaAs solar cell disposed to be in contact with the lower electrode layer of the flexible substrate, and a GaAs solar cell disposed on the InGaAs solar cell and connected to the InGaAs solar cell in series. The GaAs solar cell includes a metal nanodisk array disposed on a lower surface thereof and a void array, aligned with the metal nanodisk array, is disposed below the metal nanodisk array.1. A flexible double-junction solar cell comprising:
a flexible substrate including a lower electrode layer, an InGaAs solar cell disposed to be in contact with the lower electrode layer of the flexible substrate; and a GaAs solar cell disposed on the InGaAs solar cell and connected to the InGaAs solar cell in series, wherein the GaAs solar cell includes a metal nanodisk array disposed on a lower surface thereof; and a void array, aligned with the metal nanodisk array, is disposed below the metal nanodisk array. 2. The flexible double-junction solar cell of claim 1, wherein the InGaAs solar cell comprises:
a lower metal adhesive layer disposed on the lower electrode layer; a semiconductor adhesive layer disposed on the lower metal adhesive layer; an upper metal adhesive layer disposed on the semiconductor adhesive layer; an n+-InP contact layer disposed on the upper metal adhesive layer; an n-InGaAs base layer disposed on the n+-InP contact layer; a p+-InGaAs emitter layer disposed on the n-InGaAs base layer, a p+-InP window layer disposed on the p+-InGaAs emitter layer; and a p++-InGaAs contact layer disposed on the p+-InP window layer. 3. The flexible double-junction solar cell of claim 2, wherein the GaAs solar cell comprises:
an n+-GaAs contact layer disposed on the p++-InGaAs contact layer of the InGaAs solar cell; an n+-InGaP back-surface field layer disposed on the n+-GaAs contact layer; an n-GaAs base layer disposed on the n+-InGaP back surface field layer; a p+-GaAs emitter layer disposed on the n-GaAs base layer; a p+-InGaP window layer disposed on the p+-GaAs emitter layer; and a p+-GaAs contact layer disposed on the p+-InGaP window layer, and wherein the metal nanodisk array is disposed on a lower surface of the n+-GaAs contact layer, and the void array is disposed between the p++-InGaAs contact layer and the metal nanodisk array. 4. The flexible double-junction solar cell of claim 3, wherein the p+-GaAs contact layer has a depressed portion, and
the flexible double-junction solar cell further comprises: an antireflective coating film filling the depressed portion; and an upper electrode layer disposed on the p+-GaAs contact layer. 5. The flexible double-junction solar cell of claim 1, wherein the metal nanodisk array includes gold (Au),
the metal nanodisk array has a thickness of 40 nm to 60 nm, the metal nanodisk army has a period 50 nm to 200 nm, and the metal nanodisk array has a diameter of 30 nm to 120 nm. 6. A method of manufacturing a flexible double-junction solar cell, the method comprising:
preparing a GaAs solar cell including a GaAs buffer layer, an AlAs sacrificial layer, a p+-GaAs contact layer, a p+-InGaP window layer, a p+-GaAs emitter layer, an n-GaAs base layer, an n+-InGaP back surface field layer, and an n+-GaAs contact layer on an n+-GaAs substrate; forming a metal nanodisk array on a lower surface of a hole array in the n+-GaAs contact layer of the GaAs solar cell and forming a void in an upper portion of the metal nanodisk array; preparing an InGaAs solar cell including an InP buffer layer, an AlAs auxiliary sacrificial layer, a p++-InGaAs contact layer, a p+-InP window layer, a p+-InGaAs emitter layer, an n-InGaAs base layer, and an n+-InP contact layer sequentially stacked on an n+-InP substrate; sequentially stacking an upper metal adhesive layer, a semiconductor adhesive layer, and a lower metal adhesive layer on the n+-InP contact layer of the InGaAs solar cell; bonding the lower metal adhesive layer, stacked on the InGaAs solar cell, to a flexible substrate including a lower electrode layer; removing the AlAs auxiliary sacrificial layer of the InGaAs solar cell to expose the p++-InGaAs contact layer; performing wafer bonding on the p++-InGaAs contact layer of the InGaAs solar cell to the n+-GaAs contact layer of the GaAs solar cell to form a double-junction solar cell; and removing the AlAs sacrificial layer of the GaAs solar cell from the double-junction solar cell to expose the p+-GaAs contact layer. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
locally forming an upper electrode layer on the p+-GaAs contact layer; and forming an antireflective coating film in a depressed portion where the p+-GaAs contact layer is locally removed. | 3,600 |
340,833 | 16,642,346 | 3,684 | Provided is a mobile terminal including a front case, a display disposed at a front surface of the front case, a rear case disposed to oppose a rear surface of the front case, and a finger scan sensor part coupled to the rear surface of the front case. The finger scan sensor part may be configured to sense at least a portion of light incident after passing through the display and the front case among light reflected by an external object. Other embodiments are implementable. | 1. A mobile terminal, comprising:
a front case; a display disposed at a front surface of the front case; a rear case disposed to oppose a rear surface of the front case; and a finger scan sensor part coupled to the rear surface of the front case, wherein the finger scan sensor part is configured to sense at least a portion of light incident after passing through the display and the front case among light reflected by an external object. 2. The mobile terminal of claim 1, wherein the front case comprises a first hole that forms an optical path of light to be incident into the finger scan sensor part. 3. The mobile terminal of claim 1, wherein the finger scan sensor part is fixed to the rear surface of the front case by a fastening member. 4. The mobile terminal of claim 3, wherein the fastening member fixes the fingerprint recognition sensor to the rear surface of the front case through screw fastening. 5. The mobile terminal of claim 4, wherein the front case comprises a plurality of female thread portions for the screw fastening. 6. The mobile terminal of claim 4, wherein:
the finger scan sensor part is mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) electrically connected with the finger scan sensor part, and the fastening member fixes the finger scan sensor part and the PCB to the front case through the screw fastening. 7. The mobile terminal of claim 6, wherein the display is electrically connected with the PCB. 8. The mobile terminal of claim 1, wherein:
the display comprises a touch sensor having a plurality of sensing electrodes, a finger scan sensor provided inside the finger scan sensor part comprises a plurality of pixels arranged to form an acute angle relative to a direction in which the plurality of sensing electrodes is arranged, and an appearance of the finger scan sensor part is arranged in parallel with the direction in which the plurality of sensing electrodes is arranged. 9. The mobile terminal of claim 1, further comprising a pad part filling a space between the display and the front case,
wherein the pad part has a second hole corresponding to an optical path of light to be incident into the finger scan sensor part. 10. The mobile terminal of claim 1, wherein the finger scan sensor part is configured to sense at least a portion of light reflected by the external object among light output through the display. 11. A mobile terminal, comprising:
a display configured to output an image in a first direction; a front case covering a rear surface of the display facing a second direction opposite to the first direction; a pad part interposed between the front case and the display; a rear case disposed to oppose the rear surface of the front case, the rear surface facing the second direction; a rear cover covering the rear surface of the rear case, the rear surface facing the second direction; and a finger scan sensor part coupled to the rear surface of the front case, wherein the pad part and the front case respectively have holes corresponding to a position at which the finger scan sensor part is disposed, and wherein the finger scan sensor part is configured to sense at least a portion of light incident after passing through the display, the hole of the pad part, and the hole of the front case among light reflected by an external object. 12. The mobile terminal of claim 11, wherein the hole of the pad part and the hole of the front case form an optical path of light to be incident into the finger scan sensor part. 13. The mobile terminal of claim 11, wherein the finger scan sensor part is fixed to the rear surface of the front case by a fastening member. | Provided is a mobile terminal including a front case, a display disposed at a front surface of the front case, a rear case disposed to oppose a rear surface of the front case, and a finger scan sensor part coupled to the rear surface of the front case. The finger scan sensor part may be configured to sense at least a portion of light incident after passing through the display and the front case among light reflected by an external object. Other embodiments are implementable.1. A mobile terminal, comprising:
a front case; a display disposed at a front surface of the front case; a rear case disposed to oppose a rear surface of the front case; and a finger scan sensor part coupled to the rear surface of the front case, wherein the finger scan sensor part is configured to sense at least a portion of light incident after passing through the display and the front case among light reflected by an external object. 2. The mobile terminal of claim 1, wherein the front case comprises a first hole that forms an optical path of light to be incident into the finger scan sensor part. 3. The mobile terminal of claim 1, wherein the finger scan sensor part is fixed to the rear surface of the front case by a fastening member. 4. The mobile terminal of claim 3, wherein the fastening member fixes the fingerprint recognition sensor to the rear surface of the front case through screw fastening. 5. The mobile terminal of claim 4, wherein the front case comprises a plurality of female thread portions for the screw fastening. 6. The mobile terminal of claim 4, wherein:
the finger scan sensor part is mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) electrically connected with the finger scan sensor part, and the fastening member fixes the finger scan sensor part and the PCB to the front case through the screw fastening. 7. The mobile terminal of claim 6, wherein the display is electrically connected with the PCB. 8. The mobile terminal of claim 1, wherein:
the display comprises a touch sensor having a plurality of sensing electrodes, a finger scan sensor provided inside the finger scan sensor part comprises a plurality of pixels arranged to form an acute angle relative to a direction in which the plurality of sensing electrodes is arranged, and an appearance of the finger scan sensor part is arranged in parallel with the direction in which the plurality of sensing electrodes is arranged. 9. The mobile terminal of claim 1, further comprising a pad part filling a space between the display and the front case,
wherein the pad part has a second hole corresponding to an optical path of light to be incident into the finger scan sensor part. 10. The mobile terminal of claim 1, wherein the finger scan sensor part is configured to sense at least a portion of light reflected by the external object among light output through the display. 11. A mobile terminal, comprising:
a display configured to output an image in a first direction; a front case covering a rear surface of the display facing a second direction opposite to the first direction; a pad part interposed between the front case and the display; a rear case disposed to oppose the rear surface of the front case, the rear surface facing the second direction; a rear cover covering the rear surface of the rear case, the rear surface facing the second direction; and a finger scan sensor part coupled to the rear surface of the front case, wherein the pad part and the front case respectively have holes corresponding to a position at which the finger scan sensor part is disposed, and wherein the finger scan sensor part is configured to sense at least a portion of light incident after passing through the display, the hole of the pad part, and the hole of the front case among light reflected by an external object. 12. The mobile terminal of claim 11, wherein the hole of the pad part and the hole of the front case form an optical path of light to be incident into the finger scan sensor part. 13. The mobile terminal of claim 11, wherein the finger scan sensor part is fixed to the rear surface of the front case by a fastening member. | 3,600 |
340,834 | 16,642,343 | 3,684 | A microplate reader includes multiple light projecting/receiving units, the number of the light projecting/receiving units being equal to or greater than the number of wells of the microplate, each light projecting/receiving unit including a light projecting unit and a light receiving unit that correspond to one of the wells of the microplate; a reflection member configured to reflect light having passed through samples stored in the wells from the light projecting/receiving units to the light projecting/receiving units; and a light guide part including projecting-light guide paths each configured to guide the light emitted from the light projecting unit to the sample, receiving-light guide paths each configured to guide the light reflected by the reflection member and having passed through the sample to the light receiving unit, and a surrounding member including a pigment-containing resin surrounding the projecting-light guide paths and the receiving-light guide paths. | 1. A microplate reader comprising:
a housing; multiple light projecting/receiving units located on a side of the microplate located within the housing, the number of the light projecting/receiving units being equal to or greater than the number of wells of the microplate, each light projecting/receiving unit comprising a set having a light projecting unit and a light receiving unit that correspond to one of the wells of the microplate; a reflection member located on a side of the microplate opposite to a side of the light projecting/receiving units and configured to reflect light having passed through samples stored in the wells from the side of the light projecting/receiving units to the side of the light projecting/receiving units; and a light guide part disposed between the light projecting/receiving units and the microplate, the light guide part comprising projecting-light guide paths each configured to guide the light emitted from the light projecting unit to the sample, receiving-light guide paths each configured to guide the light reflected by the reflection member and having passed through the sample to the light receiving unit, and a surrounding member comprising a pigment-containing resin surrounding the projecting-light guide paths and the receiving-light guide paths, the pigment-containing resin comprising a pigment having a property of absorbing light. 2. The microplate reader according to claim 1, wherein the light guide part is located above the light projecting/receiving units, the reflection member being located above the microplate located above the light guide part. 3. The microplate reader according to claim 1, further comprising a substrate comprising a power supply circuit for feeding power to multiple light projecting units and light receiving units, each of the light projecting units and the light receiving units being electrically connected to the substrate. 4. The microplate reader according to claim 1, wherein the light projecting units are light emitting diodes. 5. The microplate reader according to claim 1, wherein the light receiving units are light receiving sensors. 6. The microplate reader according to claim 1, wherein the light receiving units are optical fibers. 7. The microplate reader according to claim 1, wherein the reflection member is selectively provided on a surface facing the microplate depending on positions of the projecting-light guide paths and the receiving-light guide paths. 8. The microplate reader according to claim 1, wherein a horizontal distance between a light exit end of the projecting-light guide path and a light entrance end of the receiving-light guide path is shorter than a horizontal distance between a light entrance end of the projecting-light guide path and a light exit end of the receiving-light guide path. 9. The microplate reader according to claim 1, wherein an angle between an optical axis of the projecting-light guide path and a perpendicular direction that is perpendicular to the microplate is 0 degrees, and an angle between an optical axis of the receiving-light guide path and the perpendicular direction is 0 degrees. 10. The microplate reader according to claim 9, wherein the reflection member comprises optical elements configured to return incident light that has passed through the projecting-light guide paths and is incident on the reflection member at 180 degrees for causing the light to travel toward the side of the light projecting/receiving units. 11. The microplate reader according to claim 10, wherein an optical axis of the incident light that has passed through the projecting-light guide path and is incident on the reflection member and an optical axis of a returned light returned 180 degrees by the reflection member for entering the receiving-light guide path are spaced apart from each other at a predetermined interval. 12. The microplate reader according to claim 11, wherein the reflection member comprises first reflecting surfaces inclined at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the perpendicular direction and second reflecting surfaces inclined at an angle of −45 degrees with respect to the perpendicular direction. 13. The microplate reader according to claim 12, wherein the reflection member comprises right-angle prisms each comprising the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface. 14. The microplate reader according to claim 12, wherein the reflection member is a plate member comprising recesses each comprising the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface. 15. The microplate reader according to claim 12, wherein each of the first reflecting surfaces and the second reflecting surfaces extends along an alignment direction of the wells. 16. The microplate reader according to claim 9, wherein the reflection member is a scattering plate that has a flat plate shape, the scattering plate configured to scatter incident light that has passed through the projecting-light guide paths and is incident on the reflection member for returning the light at 180 degrees for causing the light to travel toward the side of the light projecting/receiving units. 17. The microplate reader according to claim 9, wherein the reflection member comprises retroreflector type optical elements each comprising three reflecting surfaces and being configured to reflect incident light that has passed through a projecting-light guide path and is incident on the reflection member three times for returning the light at 180 degrees for causing the light to travel toward the side of the light projecting/receiving units. 18. The microplate reader according to claim 1, wherein a resin having a light transmission characteristic is embedded into at least parts of the projecting-light guide paths and the receiving-light guide paths, the resin being the same as a light-transmitting resin material in the pigment-containing resin. 19. A microplate reader unit comprising:
a light projecting/receiving unit comprising a light projecting unit and a light receiving unit corresponding to one of wells of a microplate; and a light guide part comprising a projecting-light guide path configured to guide light emitted from the light projecting unit to a sample stored in the corresponding well, a receiving-light guide path configured to guide light having passed through the projecting-light guide path and the sample, having returned, and having passed through the sample again to the light receiving unit, and a surrounding member comprising a pigment-containing resin surrounding the projecting-light guide path and the receiving-light guide path, the pigment-containing resin comprising a pigment having a property of absorbing light. 20. The microplate reader unit according to claim 19, wherein an angle between an optical axis of the projecting-light guide path and a perpendicular direction that is perpendicular to the microplate is 0 degrees, and an angle between an optical axis of the receiving-light guide path and the perpendicular direction is 0 degrees. 21. The microplate reader according to claim 1, wherein an optical axis of the projecting-light guide path corresponding to a light projecting/receiving unit and an optical axis of the receiving-light guide path corresponding to the light projecting/receiving unit are in parallel to each other. 22. The microplate reader unit according to claim 19, wherein an optical axis of the projecting-light guide path and an optical axis of the receiving-light guide path are in parallel to each other. | A microplate reader includes multiple light projecting/receiving units, the number of the light projecting/receiving units being equal to or greater than the number of wells of the microplate, each light projecting/receiving unit including a light projecting unit and a light receiving unit that correspond to one of the wells of the microplate; a reflection member configured to reflect light having passed through samples stored in the wells from the light projecting/receiving units to the light projecting/receiving units; and a light guide part including projecting-light guide paths each configured to guide the light emitted from the light projecting unit to the sample, receiving-light guide paths each configured to guide the light reflected by the reflection member and having passed through the sample to the light receiving unit, and a surrounding member including a pigment-containing resin surrounding the projecting-light guide paths and the receiving-light guide paths.1. A microplate reader comprising:
a housing; multiple light projecting/receiving units located on a side of the microplate located within the housing, the number of the light projecting/receiving units being equal to or greater than the number of wells of the microplate, each light projecting/receiving unit comprising a set having a light projecting unit and a light receiving unit that correspond to one of the wells of the microplate; a reflection member located on a side of the microplate opposite to a side of the light projecting/receiving units and configured to reflect light having passed through samples stored in the wells from the side of the light projecting/receiving units to the side of the light projecting/receiving units; and a light guide part disposed between the light projecting/receiving units and the microplate, the light guide part comprising projecting-light guide paths each configured to guide the light emitted from the light projecting unit to the sample, receiving-light guide paths each configured to guide the light reflected by the reflection member and having passed through the sample to the light receiving unit, and a surrounding member comprising a pigment-containing resin surrounding the projecting-light guide paths and the receiving-light guide paths, the pigment-containing resin comprising a pigment having a property of absorbing light. 2. The microplate reader according to claim 1, wherein the light guide part is located above the light projecting/receiving units, the reflection member being located above the microplate located above the light guide part. 3. The microplate reader according to claim 1, further comprising a substrate comprising a power supply circuit for feeding power to multiple light projecting units and light receiving units, each of the light projecting units and the light receiving units being electrically connected to the substrate. 4. The microplate reader according to claim 1, wherein the light projecting units are light emitting diodes. 5. The microplate reader according to claim 1, wherein the light receiving units are light receiving sensors. 6. The microplate reader according to claim 1, wherein the light receiving units are optical fibers. 7. The microplate reader according to claim 1, wherein the reflection member is selectively provided on a surface facing the microplate depending on positions of the projecting-light guide paths and the receiving-light guide paths. 8. The microplate reader according to claim 1, wherein a horizontal distance between a light exit end of the projecting-light guide path and a light entrance end of the receiving-light guide path is shorter than a horizontal distance between a light entrance end of the projecting-light guide path and a light exit end of the receiving-light guide path. 9. The microplate reader according to claim 1, wherein an angle between an optical axis of the projecting-light guide path and a perpendicular direction that is perpendicular to the microplate is 0 degrees, and an angle between an optical axis of the receiving-light guide path and the perpendicular direction is 0 degrees. 10. The microplate reader according to claim 9, wherein the reflection member comprises optical elements configured to return incident light that has passed through the projecting-light guide paths and is incident on the reflection member at 180 degrees for causing the light to travel toward the side of the light projecting/receiving units. 11. The microplate reader according to claim 10, wherein an optical axis of the incident light that has passed through the projecting-light guide path and is incident on the reflection member and an optical axis of a returned light returned 180 degrees by the reflection member for entering the receiving-light guide path are spaced apart from each other at a predetermined interval. 12. The microplate reader according to claim 11, wherein the reflection member comprises first reflecting surfaces inclined at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the perpendicular direction and second reflecting surfaces inclined at an angle of −45 degrees with respect to the perpendicular direction. 13. The microplate reader according to claim 12, wherein the reflection member comprises right-angle prisms each comprising the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface. 14. The microplate reader according to claim 12, wherein the reflection member is a plate member comprising recesses each comprising the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface. 15. The microplate reader according to claim 12, wherein each of the first reflecting surfaces and the second reflecting surfaces extends along an alignment direction of the wells. 16. The microplate reader according to claim 9, wherein the reflection member is a scattering plate that has a flat plate shape, the scattering plate configured to scatter incident light that has passed through the projecting-light guide paths and is incident on the reflection member for returning the light at 180 degrees for causing the light to travel toward the side of the light projecting/receiving units. 17. The microplate reader according to claim 9, wherein the reflection member comprises retroreflector type optical elements each comprising three reflecting surfaces and being configured to reflect incident light that has passed through a projecting-light guide path and is incident on the reflection member three times for returning the light at 180 degrees for causing the light to travel toward the side of the light projecting/receiving units. 18. The microplate reader according to claim 1, wherein a resin having a light transmission characteristic is embedded into at least parts of the projecting-light guide paths and the receiving-light guide paths, the resin being the same as a light-transmitting resin material in the pigment-containing resin. 19. A microplate reader unit comprising:
a light projecting/receiving unit comprising a light projecting unit and a light receiving unit corresponding to one of wells of a microplate; and a light guide part comprising a projecting-light guide path configured to guide light emitted from the light projecting unit to a sample stored in the corresponding well, a receiving-light guide path configured to guide light having passed through the projecting-light guide path and the sample, having returned, and having passed through the sample again to the light receiving unit, and a surrounding member comprising a pigment-containing resin surrounding the projecting-light guide path and the receiving-light guide path, the pigment-containing resin comprising a pigment having a property of absorbing light. 20. The microplate reader unit according to claim 19, wherein an angle between an optical axis of the projecting-light guide path and a perpendicular direction that is perpendicular to the microplate is 0 degrees, and an angle between an optical axis of the receiving-light guide path and the perpendicular direction is 0 degrees. 21. The microplate reader according to claim 1, wherein an optical axis of the projecting-light guide path corresponding to a light projecting/receiving unit and an optical axis of the receiving-light guide path corresponding to the light projecting/receiving unit are in parallel to each other. 22. The microplate reader unit according to claim 19, wherein an optical axis of the projecting-light guide path and an optical axis of the receiving-light guide path are in parallel to each other. | 3,600 |
340,835 | 16,642,348 | 1,652 | The present invention relates to a CRISPR/Cas system having an inversion correction potential, which uses at least one guide RNA targeting a sequence region where two different homologs present on genomic introns are conjugated to each other in an inversion manner, and a Cas protein, and a CRISPR/Cas system of FVIII gene inversion correction potential that uses at least one guide RNA targeting an int22-1/3 homolog or int22-1/2 homolog sequence region present on intron 22 of coagulation factor VIII (F8) gene and a Cas protein. A CRISPR/Cas system according to the present invention comprises a system which employs a small-size Cas9 and a guide RNA fitted thereto, thereby enabling all CRISPR/Cas instruments to be easily packaged in one AAV, which is impossible in conventional large-size Cas9. In addition, the CRISPR/Cas system can induce normal gene expression thanks to the inversion gene correction potential thereof and is excellent as a technology capable of effectively overcoming the difficult intracellular delivery of large-size gene mutation through gene editing. Particularly, the system can induce normal FVIII expression by restoring the inversion of FVIII gene and thus is useful for the treatment of hemophilia A. | 1. A method for editing an inversion of a blood coagulation factor VIII (F8) gene,. comprising:
subjecting a patient in need thereof to a composition comprising: (i) a Cas protein or a nucleotide encoding the Cas protein; and (ii) at least one guide RNA that specifically targets a sequence region of an int22-1/2 homolog or int22-1/3 homolog resulting from conjugation by inversion between homologs 1 (int22-1) and 2 (int22-2) or between homologs 1 (int22-1) and 3 (int22-3) of intron 22 in the blood coagulation factor VIII (F8) gene. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the guide RNA specifically targets a sequence comprising a proto-spacer-adjacent motif (PAM) sequence 5′-NNNNRYAC-3′ and a sequence comprising 1 bp or 2 bp mismatch not present on a human genome. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the guide RNA specifically targets a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 42. 4. A method for preventing or treating hemophilia, the method comprising:
subjecting a patient in need thereof to a composition comprising: (i) a Cas protein or a nucleotide encoding the Cas protein; and (ii) at least one guide RNA that specifically targets a sequence region of an int22-1/3 homolog or int22-1/2 homolog resulting from conjugation by inversion between homologs 1 (int22-1) and 2 (int22-2) or between homologs 1 (int22-1) and 3 (int22-3) of intron 22 in a blood coagulation factor VIII (F8) gene. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the guide RNA specifically targets a sequence comprising a proto-spacer-adjacent motif (PAM) sequence 5′-NNNNRYAC-3′ and a sequence comprising 1 bp or 2 bp mismatch not present on a human genome. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the guide RNA specifically targets a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 42. 7. A method for inducing an inversion of a blood coagulation factor VIII (F8) gene, the method comprising:
subjecting a patient in need thereof to a composition comprising: (i) a Cas protein or a nucleotide encoding the Cas protein; and (ii) at least one guide RNA that specifically targets a sequence region of an int22-1/3 homolog or int22-1/2 homolog resulting from conjugation by inversion between homologs 1 (int22-1) and 2 (int22-2) or between homologs 1 (int22-1) and 3 (int22-3) of intron 22 in the blood coagulation factor VIII (F8) gene. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the guide RNA specifically targets a sequence comprising a proto-spacer-adjacent motif (PAM) sequence 5′-NNNNRYAC-3′ and a sequence comprising 1 bp or 2 bp mismatch not present on a human genome. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the guide RNA specifically targets a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 42. 10. A guide RNA that specifically targets one or more sequences selected from sequences represented by SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 42. | The present invention relates to a CRISPR/Cas system having an inversion correction potential, which uses at least one guide RNA targeting a sequence region where two different homologs present on genomic introns are conjugated to each other in an inversion manner, and a Cas protein, and a CRISPR/Cas system of FVIII gene inversion correction potential that uses at least one guide RNA targeting an int22-1/3 homolog or int22-1/2 homolog sequence region present on intron 22 of coagulation factor VIII (F8) gene and a Cas protein. A CRISPR/Cas system according to the present invention comprises a system which employs a small-size Cas9 and a guide RNA fitted thereto, thereby enabling all CRISPR/Cas instruments to be easily packaged in one AAV, which is impossible in conventional large-size Cas9. In addition, the CRISPR/Cas system can induce normal gene expression thanks to the inversion gene correction potential thereof and is excellent as a technology capable of effectively overcoming the difficult intracellular delivery of large-size gene mutation through gene editing. Particularly, the system can induce normal FVIII expression by restoring the inversion of FVIII gene and thus is useful for the treatment of hemophilia A.1. A method for editing an inversion of a blood coagulation factor VIII (F8) gene,. comprising:
subjecting a patient in need thereof to a composition comprising: (i) a Cas protein or a nucleotide encoding the Cas protein; and (ii) at least one guide RNA that specifically targets a sequence region of an int22-1/2 homolog or int22-1/3 homolog resulting from conjugation by inversion between homologs 1 (int22-1) and 2 (int22-2) or between homologs 1 (int22-1) and 3 (int22-3) of intron 22 in the blood coagulation factor VIII (F8) gene. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the guide RNA specifically targets a sequence comprising a proto-spacer-adjacent motif (PAM) sequence 5′-NNNNRYAC-3′ and a sequence comprising 1 bp or 2 bp mismatch not present on a human genome. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the guide RNA specifically targets a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 42. 4. A method for preventing or treating hemophilia, the method comprising:
subjecting a patient in need thereof to a composition comprising: (i) a Cas protein or a nucleotide encoding the Cas protein; and (ii) at least one guide RNA that specifically targets a sequence region of an int22-1/3 homolog or int22-1/2 homolog resulting from conjugation by inversion between homologs 1 (int22-1) and 2 (int22-2) or between homologs 1 (int22-1) and 3 (int22-3) of intron 22 in a blood coagulation factor VIII (F8) gene. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the guide RNA specifically targets a sequence comprising a proto-spacer-adjacent motif (PAM) sequence 5′-NNNNRYAC-3′ and a sequence comprising 1 bp or 2 bp mismatch not present on a human genome. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the guide RNA specifically targets a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 42. 7. A method for inducing an inversion of a blood coagulation factor VIII (F8) gene, the method comprising:
subjecting a patient in need thereof to a composition comprising: (i) a Cas protein or a nucleotide encoding the Cas protein; and (ii) at least one guide RNA that specifically targets a sequence region of an int22-1/3 homolog or int22-1/2 homolog resulting from conjugation by inversion between homologs 1 (int22-1) and 2 (int22-2) or between homologs 1 (int22-1) and 3 (int22-3) of intron 22 in the blood coagulation factor VIII (F8) gene. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the guide RNA specifically targets a sequence comprising a proto-spacer-adjacent motif (PAM) sequence 5′-NNNNRYAC-3′ and a sequence comprising 1 bp or 2 bp mismatch not present on a human genome. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the guide RNA specifically targets a sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 42. 10. A guide RNA that specifically targets one or more sequences selected from sequences represented by SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 42. | 1,600 |
340,836 | 16,642,347 | 1,652 | The present invention relates to a method of producing a defined three-dimensional texture on a textile, in which the texture is provided on a textile with a defined area and a defined height, the texture is formed with at least one texture layer, wherein the height and the area of the texture are adjusted by at least one defined height and at least one defined area of the at least one texture layer, at least one variable-volume ink is applied to the textile in the form of individual ink droplets, wherein a plurality of ink droplets are provided on the textile according to the area of the texture, and the applied ink droplets are activated, whereby a predefined volume increase of the ink droplets is produced and the at least one texture layer is formed on the textile. To provide the defined height of the at least one texture layer at least one defined distance between the applied ink droplets for the texture layer is adjusted, which distance is smaller than and/or equal to a diameter of activated ink droplets of the texture layer. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a three-dimensional texture for a textile with an area and a height, and at least one texture layer which is formed from at least one variable-volume ink in the form of individual ink droplets and which can be applied to the textile and can be activated for a defined volume increase. The ink droplets of the at least one texture layer are provided with at least a distance from each other that is smaller than or equal to the diameter of activated ink droplets. | 1. A method of producing a defined three-dimensional texture on a textile, in which
the texture is provided on the textile with a defined area and a defined height, the texture is formed with at least one texture layer, wherein the height and the area of the texture are adjusted by at least one defined height and at least one defined area of the at least one texture layer, at least one variable-volume ink is applied to the textile in the form of individual ink droplets, wherein a plurality of ink droplets are provided on the textile according to the area of the texture, and the applied ink droplets are activated, whereby a predefined volume increase of the ink droplets is produced and the at least one texture layer is formed on the textile, 2. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the distance between the individual applied non-activated ink droplets for the texture layer is greater than a diameter of the non-activated ink droplets. 3. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the distance between the individual applied ink droplets for the texture layer is variably adjusted, whereby the height within the texture layer is varied. 4. The method according to claim 1,
wherein a print pattern for the texture is stored digitally in a programmable control unit and at least one digital print head is used for applying the ink droplets, which is connected to the programmable control unit. 5. The method according to claim 1,
wherein to form at least a second texture layer the variable-volume ink droplets are each applied to an underlying texture layer and activated. 6. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the distance between ink droplets within a texture layer is varied between superimposed regions of different texture layers. 7. The method according to claim 1,
wherein to establish a depression in a texture layer ink droplets of the texture layer in the region of the depression are arranged at a distance from each other that is greater than the distance between ink droplets of the texture layer outside the depression. 8. The method according to claim 1,
wherein at least a second variable-volume ink for the texture is provided, which exhibits a predefined volume increase when activated and which differs from the first variable-volume ink. 9. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the at least two variable-volume inks are provided in order to provide ink droplets in the same and/or in different texture layers of the texture. 10. A three-dimensional texture for a textile having
an area and a height, at least one texture layer, which is formed from at least one variable-volume ink in the form of individual ink droplets, which can be applied to the textile and can be activated for a defined volume increase, 11. The three-dimensional texture according to claim 10,
wherein the distance between the ink droplets for the at least one texture layer is greater than a diameter of non-activated ink droplets. 12. The three-dimensional texture according to claim 10,
wherein the texture has at least a second variable-volume ink, which exhibits a predefined volume increase when activated and which differs from the first volume-variable ink. 13. The three-dimensional texture according to claim 10,
wherein the at least two variable-volume inks are provided in the same and/or in different texture layers of the texture. | The present invention relates to a method of producing a defined three-dimensional texture on a textile, in which the texture is provided on a textile with a defined area and a defined height, the texture is formed with at least one texture layer, wherein the height and the area of the texture are adjusted by at least one defined height and at least one defined area of the at least one texture layer, at least one variable-volume ink is applied to the textile in the form of individual ink droplets, wherein a plurality of ink droplets are provided on the textile according to the area of the texture, and the applied ink droplets are activated, whereby a predefined volume increase of the ink droplets is produced and the at least one texture layer is formed on the textile. To provide the defined height of the at least one texture layer at least one defined distance between the applied ink droplets for the texture layer is adjusted, which distance is smaller than and/or equal to a diameter of activated ink droplets of the texture layer. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a three-dimensional texture for a textile with an area and a height, and at least one texture layer which is formed from at least one variable-volume ink in the form of individual ink droplets and which can be applied to the textile and can be activated for a defined volume increase. The ink droplets of the at least one texture layer are provided with at least a distance from each other that is smaller than or equal to the diameter of activated ink droplets.1. A method of producing a defined three-dimensional texture on a textile, in which
the texture is provided on the textile with a defined area and a defined height, the texture is formed with at least one texture layer, wherein the height and the area of the texture are adjusted by at least one defined height and at least one defined area of the at least one texture layer, at least one variable-volume ink is applied to the textile in the form of individual ink droplets, wherein a plurality of ink droplets are provided on the textile according to the area of the texture, and the applied ink droplets are activated, whereby a predefined volume increase of the ink droplets is produced and the at least one texture layer is formed on the textile, 2. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the distance between the individual applied non-activated ink droplets for the texture layer is greater than a diameter of the non-activated ink droplets. 3. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the distance between the individual applied ink droplets for the texture layer is variably adjusted, whereby the height within the texture layer is varied. 4. The method according to claim 1,
wherein a print pattern for the texture is stored digitally in a programmable control unit and at least one digital print head is used for applying the ink droplets, which is connected to the programmable control unit. 5. The method according to claim 1,
wherein to form at least a second texture layer the variable-volume ink droplets are each applied to an underlying texture layer and activated. 6. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the distance between ink droplets within a texture layer is varied between superimposed regions of different texture layers. 7. The method according to claim 1,
wherein to establish a depression in a texture layer ink droplets of the texture layer in the region of the depression are arranged at a distance from each other that is greater than the distance between ink droplets of the texture layer outside the depression. 8. The method according to claim 1,
wherein at least a second variable-volume ink for the texture is provided, which exhibits a predefined volume increase when activated and which differs from the first variable-volume ink. 9. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the at least two variable-volume inks are provided in order to provide ink droplets in the same and/or in different texture layers of the texture. 10. A three-dimensional texture for a textile having
an area and a height, at least one texture layer, which is formed from at least one variable-volume ink in the form of individual ink droplets, which can be applied to the textile and can be activated for a defined volume increase, 11. The three-dimensional texture according to claim 10,
wherein the distance between the ink droplets for the at least one texture layer is greater than a diameter of non-activated ink droplets. 12. The three-dimensional texture according to claim 10,
wherein the texture has at least a second variable-volume ink, which exhibits a predefined volume increase when activated and which differs from the first volume-variable ink. 13. The three-dimensional texture according to claim 10,
wherein the at least two variable-volume inks are provided in the same and/or in different texture layers of the texture. | 1,600 |
340,837 | 16,642,344 | 1,652 | A detecting device and a detecting method thereof and a detecting apparatus are provided. The detecting device includes a stage, a light detection unit and a first, light, source, the stage includes a bearing surface for bearing an object to be detected, the light detection unit is located on a side of the stage, the first light source is located on a side of the stage that is opposite to the light detection unit, and light emitted from the, first light source is at least partially emitted to the light detection unit. | 1. A detecting device, comprising:
a stage, including a bearing surface for hearing an object to be detected; a light detection unit, located on a side of the stage; a first light source, located on a side of the stage that is opposite to the light detection unit, wherein light emitted from the first light source is at least partially emitted to the light detection unit. 2. The detecting device according to claim 1, wherein the light detection unit includes:
a light sensor array, including a plurality of light sensors; the object to be detected includes a first illuminated region illuminated by the first light source; and an orthogonal projection of the light sensor array on a plane where the object to be detected is located at least partially overlaps with the first illuminated region. 3. The detecting device according to claim 2, wherein the orthogonal projection of the light sensor array on the plane where the object to be detected is located coincides with the first illuminated region, or
the orthogonal projection of the light sensor array on the plane where the object to be detected is located is located within the first illuminated region. 4. (canceled) 5. The detecting device according to claim 2, wherein the light detection unit further includes:
a signal detection unit, being in signal connection with the light sensor array and configured to detect an electrical signal of the light sensor. 6. The detecting device according to claim 5, further comprising:
a control module, being in signal connection with the light detection unit and configured to judge whether there is a defective region in the object to be detected according to a detection result of the signal detection unit. 7. The detecting device according to claim 6, wherein,
the stage includes a first driving unit in signal connection with the control module; and the first driving unit is configured to drive the object to be detected to move along a first direction parallel to the bearing surface. 8. The detecting device according to claim 7, wherein in the light sensor array,
a plurality of the light sensors are arranged in one row in a second direction; or a plurality of the light sensor arrays are arranged in a plurality of rows in the second direction, and a plurality of columns in the first direction; the first direction and the second direction are parallel to the bearing surface, and the first direction and the second direction intersect with each other. 9. The detecting device according to claim 8, wherein,
the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and in the second direction, a size of the light sensor array is greater than or equal to a size of the object to be detected. 10. The detecting device according to claim 6, further comprising:
an image acquisition unit, located on a side of the object to be detected; a second light source, located on a side of the object to be detected that is away from the image acquisition unit; wherein the image acquisition unit is in signal connection with the control module; and light emitted by the second light source is at least partially emitted to the image acquisition unit. 11. The detecting device according to claim 10, further comprising:
a second driving unit, configured to fix the image acquisition unit and be in signal connection with the control module; wherein the second driving unit is configured to drive the image acquisition unit to align with the defective region under control of the control module. 12. The detecting device according to claim 1, wherein,
the object to be detected is a panel to be detected, and the object to be detected is provided on the bearing surface of the stage. 13. A detecting apparatus, comprising the detecting device according to claim 1. 14. A detecting method of a detecting device, wherein the detecting device comprises:
a stage, including a bearing surface for bearing an object to be detected; a light detection unit, located on a side of the object to be detected; a first light source, located on a side of the stage that is opposite to the light detection unit, light emitted from the first light source being at least partially emitted to the light detection unit; and the detecting method comprises: detecting the object to be detected by using light of the first light source emitted to the light detection unit. 15. (canceled) 16. The detecting method according to claim 14, wherein the detecting the object to be detected by using light of the first light source emitted to the light detection unit includes: detecting the object to be detected by using light of the first light source that is emitted to the light detection unit through the object to be detected. 17. The detecting method according to claim 16, wherein the detecting the object to be detected by using light of the first light source that is emitted to the light detection unit through the object to be detected includes:
detecting, by the light detection unit, an intensity of light emergent from the object to be detected; and determining whether there is a defective region in the object to be detected according to a detection result. 18. The detecting method according to claim 17, comprising:
moving the object to be detected, and repeating steps of: emitting light emitted by the first light source to the object to be detected; detecting, by the light detection unit, the intensity of light emergent from the object to be detected; and determining whether there is a defective region in the object to be detected according to the detection result, until detection of the object to be detected is completed. 19. The detecting method according to claim 17, wherein the light detection unit includes a light sensor array; the light sensor array includes a plurality of light sensors; and the light sensor is a photoresistor,
the detecting, by the light detection unit, the intensity of light emergent from the object to be detected includes; detecting a resistance value of each of the plurality of photoresistors; the determining whether there is a defective region in the object to be detected according to the detection result includes: determining whether a resistance value of each of the photoresistors is an abnormal resistance value according to the detection result, to determine whether there is the defective region in the object to be detected. 20. The detecting method according to claim 19, wherein the determining whether a resistance value of each of the photoresistors is an abnormal resistance value according to the detection result to determine whether there is the defective region in the object to be detected includes:
providing a first threshold range; determining that the photoresistor has an abnormal resistance value, when the resistance value is greater than the first threshold range or less than the first threshold range; and determining that a region corresponding to the photoresistor having the abnormal resistance value in the object to be detected is the defective region. 21. The detecting method according to claim 19, wherein the determining whether a resistance value of each of the photoresistors is an abnormal resistance value according to the detection result to determine whether there is the defective region in the object to be detected includes:
determining that photoresistors in a first region have an abnormal resistance value, when resistance values of all of the photoresistors within the first region of the light sensor array are all greater than or all less than resistance values of photoresistors in other regions, and the number of the photoresistors in the first region is less than ½ of a total number of the photoresistors, and determining that a region of the object to be detected corresponding to the first region is the defective region. 22. The detecting method according to claim 21, wherein,
a difference between the resistance values of the photoresistors in the first region and the resistance values of the other photoresistors is not less than 3.2% of the resistance value of the other photoresistors. 23.-28. (canceled) | A detecting device and a detecting method thereof and a detecting apparatus are provided. The detecting device includes a stage, a light detection unit and a first, light, source, the stage includes a bearing surface for bearing an object to be detected, the light detection unit is located on a side of the stage, the first light source is located on a side of the stage that is opposite to the light detection unit, and light emitted from the, first light source is at least partially emitted to the light detection unit.1. A detecting device, comprising:
a stage, including a bearing surface for hearing an object to be detected; a light detection unit, located on a side of the stage; a first light source, located on a side of the stage that is opposite to the light detection unit, wherein light emitted from the first light source is at least partially emitted to the light detection unit. 2. The detecting device according to claim 1, wherein the light detection unit includes:
a light sensor array, including a plurality of light sensors; the object to be detected includes a first illuminated region illuminated by the first light source; and an orthogonal projection of the light sensor array on a plane where the object to be detected is located at least partially overlaps with the first illuminated region. 3. The detecting device according to claim 2, wherein the orthogonal projection of the light sensor array on the plane where the object to be detected is located coincides with the first illuminated region, or
the orthogonal projection of the light sensor array on the plane where the object to be detected is located is located within the first illuminated region. 4. (canceled) 5. The detecting device according to claim 2, wherein the light detection unit further includes:
a signal detection unit, being in signal connection with the light sensor array and configured to detect an electrical signal of the light sensor. 6. The detecting device according to claim 5, further comprising:
a control module, being in signal connection with the light detection unit and configured to judge whether there is a defective region in the object to be detected according to a detection result of the signal detection unit. 7. The detecting device according to claim 6, wherein,
the stage includes a first driving unit in signal connection with the control module; and the first driving unit is configured to drive the object to be detected to move along a first direction parallel to the bearing surface. 8. The detecting device according to claim 7, wherein in the light sensor array,
a plurality of the light sensors are arranged in one row in a second direction; or a plurality of the light sensor arrays are arranged in a plurality of rows in the second direction, and a plurality of columns in the first direction; the first direction and the second direction are parallel to the bearing surface, and the first direction and the second direction intersect with each other. 9. The detecting device according to claim 8, wherein,
the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and in the second direction, a size of the light sensor array is greater than or equal to a size of the object to be detected. 10. The detecting device according to claim 6, further comprising:
an image acquisition unit, located on a side of the object to be detected; a second light source, located on a side of the object to be detected that is away from the image acquisition unit; wherein the image acquisition unit is in signal connection with the control module; and light emitted by the second light source is at least partially emitted to the image acquisition unit. 11. The detecting device according to claim 10, further comprising:
a second driving unit, configured to fix the image acquisition unit and be in signal connection with the control module; wherein the second driving unit is configured to drive the image acquisition unit to align with the defective region under control of the control module. 12. The detecting device according to claim 1, wherein,
the object to be detected is a panel to be detected, and the object to be detected is provided on the bearing surface of the stage. 13. A detecting apparatus, comprising the detecting device according to claim 1. 14. A detecting method of a detecting device, wherein the detecting device comprises:
a stage, including a bearing surface for bearing an object to be detected; a light detection unit, located on a side of the object to be detected; a first light source, located on a side of the stage that is opposite to the light detection unit, light emitted from the first light source being at least partially emitted to the light detection unit; and the detecting method comprises: detecting the object to be detected by using light of the first light source emitted to the light detection unit. 15. (canceled) 16. The detecting method according to claim 14, wherein the detecting the object to be detected by using light of the first light source emitted to the light detection unit includes: detecting the object to be detected by using light of the first light source that is emitted to the light detection unit through the object to be detected. 17. The detecting method according to claim 16, wherein the detecting the object to be detected by using light of the first light source that is emitted to the light detection unit through the object to be detected includes:
detecting, by the light detection unit, an intensity of light emergent from the object to be detected; and determining whether there is a defective region in the object to be detected according to a detection result. 18. The detecting method according to claim 17, comprising:
moving the object to be detected, and repeating steps of: emitting light emitted by the first light source to the object to be detected; detecting, by the light detection unit, the intensity of light emergent from the object to be detected; and determining whether there is a defective region in the object to be detected according to the detection result, until detection of the object to be detected is completed. 19. The detecting method according to claim 17, wherein the light detection unit includes a light sensor array; the light sensor array includes a plurality of light sensors; and the light sensor is a photoresistor,
the detecting, by the light detection unit, the intensity of light emergent from the object to be detected includes; detecting a resistance value of each of the plurality of photoresistors; the determining whether there is a defective region in the object to be detected according to the detection result includes: determining whether a resistance value of each of the photoresistors is an abnormal resistance value according to the detection result, to determine whether there is the defective region in the object to be detected. 20. The detecting method according to claim 19, wherein the determining whether a resistance value of each of the photoresistors is an abnormal resistance value according to the detection result to determine whether there is the defective region in the object to be detected includes:
providing a first threshold range; determining that the photoresistor has an abnormal resistance value, when the resistance value is greater than the first threshold range or less than the first threshold range; and determining that a region corresponding to the photoresistor having the abnormal resistance value in the object to be detected is the defective region. 21. The detecting method according to claim 19, wherein the determining whether a resistance value of each of the photoresistors is an abnormal resistance value according to the detection result to determine whether there is the defective region in the object to be detected includes:
determining that photoresistors in a first region have an abnormal resistance value, when resistance values of all of the photoresistors within the first region of the light sensor array are all greater than or all less than resistance values of photoresistors in other regions, and the number of the photoresistors in the first region is less than ½ of a total number of the photoresistors, and determining that a region of the object to be detected corresponding to the first region is the defective region. 22. The detecting method according to claim 21, wherein,
a difference between the resistance values of the photoresistors in the first region and the resistance values of the other photoresistors is not less than 3.2% of the resistance value of the other photoresistors. 23.-28. (canceled) | 1,600 |
340,838 | 16,642,313 | 1,652 | An electric coolant pump is used as an auxiliary water pump in a vehicle. The pump includes radial mounting of the shaft (4) is provided by means of a coolant-lubricated radial sliding bearing (41) arranged between the pump impeller (2) and the rotor (32). A dry-running electric motor (3) with a radially inner stator (31) and a radially outer rotor (32) is accommodated in a motor chamber (13) separated from the pump chamber (10). A shaft seal (5) is between the radial sliding bearing (41) and the motor chamber (13). The rotor (32) is bell-shaped with an inner surface facing the shaft seal (5) and being fixed to the shaft seal (5) to axially overlap with the shaft (4). The motor chamber (13) has an opening to the atmosphere, which is closed by a liquid-tight pressure equalization membrane (6) that is permeable to vapor. | 1. An electrical coolant pump for conveying coolant in a vehicle, comprising:
a pump housing with a pump chamber in which a pump impeller is rotatably received, an inlet and an outlet which are connected to the pump chamber; a shaft rotatably mounted on the pump housing, wherein the pump impeller is fixed to the shaft; a coolant-lubricated radial sliding bearing disposed between the pump impeller and the rotor providing a radial support of the shaft; a dry-running electric motor with a radially inner stator and a radially outer rotor received in a motor chamber, the motor chamber being separated from the pump chamber; a shaft seal disposed between the radial sliding bearing and the motor chamber; wherein the rotor is formed in a bell shape, the inner surface of the rotor faces the shaft seal and is fixed with the shaft seal in an axially overlapping manner on the shaft; and the motor chamber has an opening toward the atmosphere which is closed by a liquid-tight and vapour-permeable pressure equalisation membrane. 2. The electrical coolant pump according to claim 1, wherein an axial support of the shaft is provided by an axial sliding bearing disposed upstream of the pump impeller in a flow direction of the coolant. 3. The electrical coolant pump according to claim 1, wherein the axial sliding bearing is formed by a free end of the shaft and by a run-up surface on the pump housing on a pump cover. 4. The electrical coolant pump according to claim 1, wherein the shaft seal has at least two sealing lips for dynamic sealing on the shaft circumference which are oriented in a sealing manner toward at least one axial side. 5. The electrical coolant pump according to claim 1, wherein the pump housing has at least one lubrication channel which connects the pump chamber to a rear end of the radial sliding bearing opposite from the pump chamber. 6. The electrical coolant pump according to claim 5, wherein the at least one lubrication channel includes at least one filter. 7. The electrical coolant pump according to claim 1, wherein the stator of the electric motor is disposed to axially overlap the at least one lubrication channel. 8. A method of operating an electrical coolant pump according to claim 1, comprising operating the electrical coolant pump as an auxiliary water pump in a coolant-carrying system in a vehicle with an internal combustion engine and a main water pump. | An electric coolant pump is used as an auxiliary water pump in a vehicle. The pump includes radial mounting of the shaft (4) is provided by means of a coolant-lubricated radial sliding bearing (41) arranged between the pump impeller (2) and the rotor (32). A dry-running electric motor (3) with a radially inner stator (31) and a radially outer rotor (32) is accommodated in a motor chamber (13) separated from the pump chamber (10). A shaft seal (5) is between the radial sliding bearing (41) and the motor chamber (13). The rotor (32) is bell-shaped with an inner surface facing the shaft seal (5) and being fixed to the shaft seal (5) to axially overlap with the shaft (4). The motor chamber (13) has an opening to the atmosphere, which is closed by a liquid-tight pressure equalization membrane (6) that is permeable to vapor.1. An electrical coolant pump for conveying coolant in a vehicle, comprising:
a pump housing with a pump chamber in which a pump impeller is rotatably received, an inlet and an outlet which are connected to the pump chamber; a shaft rotatably mounted on the pump housing, wherein the pump impeller is fixed to the shaft; a coolant-lubricated radial sliding bearing disposed between the pump impeller and the rotor providing a radial support of the shaft; a dry-running electric motor with a radially inner stator and a radially outer rotor received in a motor chamber, the motor chamber being separated from the pump chamber; a shaft seal disposed between the radial sliding bearing and the motor chamber; wherein the rotor is formed in a bell shape, the inner surface of the rotor faces the shaft seal and is fixed with the shaft seal in an axially overlapping manner on the shaft; and the motor chamber has an opening toward the atmosphere which is closed by a liquid-tight and vapour-permeable pressure equalisation membrane. 2. The electrical coolant pump according to claim 1, wherein an axial support of the shaft is provided by an axial sliding bearing disposed upstream of the pump impeller in a flow direction of the coolant. 3. The electrical coolant pump according to claim 1, wherein the axial sliding bearing is formed by a free end of the shaft and by a run-up surface on the pump housing on a pump cover. 4. The electrical coolant pump according to claim 1, wherein the shaft seal has at least two sealing lips for dynamic sealing on the shaft circumference which are oriented in a sealing manner toward at least one axial side. 5. The electrical coolant pump according to claim 1, wherein the pump housing has at least one lubrication channel which connects the pump chamber to a rear end of the radial sliding bearing opposite from the pump chamber. 6. The electrical coolant pump according to claim 5, wherein the at least one lubrication channel includes at least one filter. 7. The electrical coolant pump according to claim 1, wherein the stator of the electric motor is disposed to axially overlap the at least one lubrication channel. 8. A method of operating an electrical coolant pump according to claim 1, comprising operating the electrical coolant pump as an auxiliary water pump in a coolant-carrying system in a vehicle with an internal combustion engine and a main water pump. | 1,600 |
340,839 | 16,642,330 | 1,652 | A flow field plate comprises a first flow field surface, an opposing second surface, and at least one flow channel and at least one landing formed in the first flow field surface, wherein the landing comprises a main surface, at least a first protrusion and a second protrusion extending from the main surface, each of the first and the second protrusions being placed at an edge of the main surface of the landing. The main surface of the landing has preferably a curved shape and the protrusions extending from the main surface have preferably a rounded shape. | 1. A flow field plate for an electrochemical fuel cell comprising:
a first flow field surface; an opposing second surface; at least one flow channel formed in the first flow field surface; and at least one landing formed in the first flow field surface adjacent to the flow channel, wherein the landing comprises a main surface, a first protrusion extending from the main surface at a first edge thereof and a second protrusion extending from the main surface at the second edge thereof. 2. The flow field plate of claim 1, wherein the main surface has a curved shape. 3. The flow field plate of claim 1, wherein the main surface has a flat shape. 4. The flow field plate of claim 1, wherein the first protrusion has a rounded shape with a predetermined radius of curvature. 5. The flow field plate of claim 4, wherein the second protrusion has a flat shape. 6. The flow field plate of claim 1, wherein the first protrusion has a rounded shape with a first radius of curvature and the second protrusion has a rounded shape with a second radius of curvature. 7. The flow field plate of claim 6, wherein the first radius is equal to the second radius. 8. The flow field plate of claim 1, wherein the first protrusion has a flat shape. 9. The flow field plate of claim 1, wherein the first protrusion and the second protrusion have a flat shape. 10. The flow field plate of claim 1 wherein the landing further comprises at least one third protrusion extending from the main surface between the first and the second protrusions. 11. The flow field plate of claim 10, wherein the third protrusion has a flat shape. 12. The flow field plate of claim 10 wherein the third protrusion has a rounded shape. 13. The flow field plate of claim 12 wherein the third protrusion has the same size and shape as the first and the second protrusion. 14. The flow field plate of claim 1, further comprising a graphitic, carbonaceous or metallic material, or combinations thereof. 15. The flow field plate of claim 1 wherein the opposing second surface of the flow field plate is a flow field surface having the at least one landing comprising a main surface, a first protrusion extending from the main surface at a first edge thereof and a second protrusion extending from the main surface at a second edge thereof. 16. The flow field plate of claim 15 wherein the main surface of the opposing second surface of the flow field plate has a curved or a flat shape. 17. The flow field plate of claim 16 wherein the first and the second protrusions, each have a rounded or a flat shape. 18. The flow field plate of claim 15, wherein the landing further comprises at least one third protrusion between the first and the second protrusions, the third protrusion having a flat or a rounded shape. 19. The flow field plate of claim 18, wherein the third protrusion has the same size and shape as the first or the second protrusion. 20. An electrochemical fuel cell, comprising:
a membrane electrode assembly comprising an anode, a cathode, and a proton exchange membrane interposed there between; and a flow field plate contacting the anode or the cathode comprising:
a first flow field surface;
an opposing second surface;
at least one flow channel formed in the first flow field surface; and
at least one landing formed in the first flow field surface adjacent to the flow channel,
wherein the landing comprises a main surface, a first protrusion extending from the main surface at a first edge thereof and a second protrusion extending from the main surface at a second edge thereof. 21. The electrochemical fuel cell of claim 20 wherein the main surface has a curved or a flat shape. 22. The electrochemical fuel cell of claim 20 wherein first or the second protrusion has a rounded or a flat shape. 23. The electrochemical fuel cell of claim 20 wherein the first and the second protrusions have the same shape and size. 24. The electrochemical fuel cell of claim 20 wherein the main surface further comprises at least one third protrusion between extending therefrom between the first and the second protrusions. | A flow field plate comprises a first flow field surface, an opposing second surface, and at least one flow channel and at least one landing formed in the first flow field surface, wherein the landing comprises a main surface, at least a first protrusion and a second protrusion extending from the main surface, each of the first and the second protrusions being placed at an edge of the main surface of the landing. The main surface of the landing has preferably a curved shape and the protrusions extending from the main surface have preferably a rounded shape.1. A flow field plate for an electrochemical fuel cell comprising:
a first flow field surface; an opposing second surface; at least one flow channel formed in the first flow field surface; and at least one landing formed in the first flow field surface adjacent to the flow channel, wherein the landing comprises a main surface, a first protrusion extending from the main surface at a first edge thereof and a second protrusion extending from the main surface at the second edge thereof. 2. The flow field plate of claim 1, wherein the main surface has a curved shape. 3. The flow field plate of claim 1, wherein the main surface has a flat shape. 4. The flow field plate of claim 1, wherein the first protrusion has a rounded shape with a predetermined radius of curvature. 5. The flow field plate of claim 4, wherein the second protrusion has a flat shape. 6. The flow field plate of claim 1, wherein the first protrusion has a rounded shape with a first radius of curvature and the second protrusion has a rounded shape with a second radius of curvature. 7. The flow field plate of claim 6, wherein the first radius is equal to the second radius. 8. The flow field plate of claim 1, wherein the first protrusion has a flat shape. 9. The flow field plate of claim 1, wherein the first protrusion and the second protrusion have a flat shape. 10. The flow field plate of claim 1 wherein the landing further comprises at least one third protrusion extending from the main surface between the first and the second protrusions. 11. The flow field plate of claim 10, wherein the third protrusion has a flat shape. 12. The flow field plate of claim 10 wherein the third protrusion has a rounded shape. 13. The flow field plate of claim 12 wherein the third protrusion has the same size and shape as the first and the second protrusion. 14. The flow field plate of claim 1, further comprising a graphitic, carbonaceous or metallic material, or combinations thereof. 15. The flow field plate of claim 1 wherein the opposing second surface of the flow field plate is a flow field surface having the at least one landing comprising a main surface, a first protrusion extending from the main surface at a first edge thereof and a second protrusion extending from the main surface at a second edge thereof. 16. The flow field plate of claim 15 wherein the main surface of the opposing second surface of the flow field plate has a curved or a flat shape. 17. The flow field plate of claim 16 wherein the first and the second protrusions, each have a rounded or a flat shape. 18. The flow field plate of claim 15, wherein the landing further comprises at least one third protrusion between the first and the second protrusions, the third protrusion having a flat or a rounded shape. 19. The flow field plate of claim 18, wherein the third protrusion has the same size and shape as the first or the second protrusion. 20. An electrochemical fuel cell, comprising:
a membrane electrode assembly comprising an anode, a cathode, and a proton exchange membrane interposed there between; and a flow field plate contacting the anode or the cathode comprising:
a first flow field surface;
an opposing second surface;
at least one flow channel formed in the first flow field surface; and
at least one landing formed in the first flow field surface adjacent to the flow channel,
wherein the landing comprises a main surface, a first protrusion extending from the main surface at a first edge thereof and a second protrusion extending from the main surface at a second edge thereof. 21. The electrochemical fuel cell of claim 20 wherein the main surface has a curved or a flat shape. 22. The electrochemical fuel cell of claim 20 wherein first or the second protrusion has a rounded or a flat shape. 23. The electrochemical fuel cell of claim 20 wherein the first and the second protrusions have the same shape and size. 24. The electrochemical fuel cell of claim 20 wherein the main surface further comprises at least one third protrusion between extending therefrom between the first and the second protrusions. | 1,600 |
340,840 | 16,642,341 | 1,652 | A prosthesis for a lower extremity, the prosthesis including a first prosthesis component and a second prosthesis component, wherein the first prosthesis component can be locked relative to the second prosthesis component by way of at least one locking element, wherein the prosthesis comprises at least one holding device, by way of which the first prosthesis component is detachably held on the second prosthesis component. | 1. A prosthesis for a lower extremity, the prosthesis comprising:
a first prosthesis component; a second prosthesis component; at least one locking element to lock the first prosthesis component relative to the second prosthesis component; at least one holding device, by way of which the first prosthesis component is detachably held on the second prosthesis component, the at least one holding device having a first holding element arranged on the first prosthesis component, and a second holding element arranged on the second prosthesis component, the first holding element having a projection with a first bore, the second holding element having a base body with a second bore, the at least one locking element engaging the first and second bores to lock the first holding element to the second holding element. 2. (canceled) 3. The prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein the first holding element and the second holding element are positive-locking elements that are designed to correspond to one another. 4. The prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein the first holding element exerts a magnetic holding force on the second holding element. 5. The prosthesis according to claim 4, wherein at least one of the first holding element and the second holding element comprise at least one permanent magnet. 6. The prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein the first holding element is arranged on a first contact element and the second holding element is arranged on a second contact element, wherein the first and second contact elements lie next to one another when the first prosthesis component is locked relative to the second prosthesis component. 7. The prosthesis according to claim 6, wherein the first contact element features a projection and the second contact element features a recess that is designed to correspond to the projection. 8. The prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein the holding device can be released with one hand and without a tool. 9. The prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the prosthesis components can only be locked when the at least one holding device is holding the prosthesis components together and the at least one holding device can only be released when the prosthesis components are unlocked. 10. A connection device for a prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein the connection device comprises the at least one holding device and the at least one locking element, the at least one holding device having the first holding element arranged on the first prosthesis component and the second holding element arranged on the second prosthesis component. 11. A prosthesis for a lower extremity, the prosthesis comprising:
a first prosthesis component; a second prosthesis component; a locking element to lock the first prosthesis component relative to the second prosthesis component; a holding device to connect the first prosthesis component to the second prosthesis component, the holding device having a first holding element arranged on the first prosthesis component and having a projection with a first bore, and a second holding element arranged on the second prosthesis component and having a base body with a second bore, the locking element insertable into the first and second bores to secure the first holding element to the second holding element. 12. The prosthesis according to claim 11, wherein the first holding element and the second holding element are positive-locking elements that mate with one another. 13. The prosthesis according to claim 11, wherein the first holding element exerts a magnetic holding force on the second holding element. 14. The prosthesis according to claim 11, wherein at least one of the first holding element and the second holding element comprise a permanent magnet. 15. The prosthesis according to claim 11, wherein the first holding element is arranged on a first contact element and the second holding element is arranged on a second contact element, the first and second contact elements arranged next to each other when the first prosthesis component is secured relative to the second prosthesis component. 16. The prosthesis according to claim 15, wherein the first contact element includes a projection and the second contact element includes a recess that mates with the projection. 17. The prosthesis according to claim 11, wherein the holding device is configured to be released with one hand and without a tool. 18. The prosthesis according to claim 11, wherein at least one of the prosthesis components can only be locked when the holding device is holding the prosthesis components together and the holding device can only be released when the prosthesis components are unlocked. 19. A connection device for a prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein the connection device comprises the holding device and the locking element. | A prosthesis for a lower extremity, the prosthesis including a first prosthesis component and a second prosthesis component, wherein the first prosthesis component can be locked relative to the second prosthesis component by way of at least one locking element, wherein the prosthesis comprises at least one holding device, by way of which the first prosthesis component is detachably held on the second prosthesis component.1. A prosthesis for a lower extremity, the prosthesis comprising:
a first prosthesis component; a second prosthesis component; at least one locking element to lock the first prosthesis component relative to the second prosthesis component; at least one holding device, by way of which the first prosthesis component is detachably held on the second prosthesis component, the at least one holding device having a first holding element arranged on the first prosthesis component, and a second holding element arranged on the second prosthesis component, the first holding element having a projection with a first bore, the second holding element having a base body with a second bore, the at least one locking element engaging the first and second bores to lock the first holding element to the second holding element. 2. (canceled) 3. The prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein the first holding element and the second holding element are positive-locking elements that are designed to correspond to one another. 4. The prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein the first holding element exerts a magnetic holding force on the second holding element. 5. The prosthesis according to claim 4, wherein at least one of the first holding element and the second holding element comprise at least one permanent magnet. 6. The prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein the first holding element is arranged on a first contact element and the second holding element is arranged on a second contact element, wherein the first and second contact elements lie next to one another when the first prosthesis component is locked relative to the second prosthesis component. 7. The prosthesis according to claim 6, wherein the first contact element features a projection and the second contact element features a recess that is designed to correspond to the projection. 8. The prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein the holding device can be released with one hand and without a tool. 9. The prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the prosthesis components can only be locked when the at least one holding device is holding the prosthesis components together and the at least one holding device can only be released when the prosthesis components are unlocked. 10. A connection device for a prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein the connection device comprises the at least one holding device and the at least one locking element, the at least one holding device having the first holding element arranged on the first prosthesis component and the second holding element arranged on the second prosthesis component. 11. A prosthesis for a lower extremity, the prosthesis comprising:
a first prosthesis component; a second prosthesis component; a locking element to lock the first prosthesis component relative to the second prosthesis component; a holding device to connect the first prosthesis component to the second prosthesis component, the holding device having a first holding element arranged on the first prosthesis component and having a projection with a first bore, and a second holding element arranged on the second prosthesis component and having a base body with a second bore, the locking element insertable into the first and second bores to secure the first holding element to the second holding element. 12. The prosthesis according to claim 11, wherein the first holding element and the second holding element are positive-locking elements that mate with one another. 13. The prosthesis according to claim 11, wherein the first holding element exerts a magnetic holding force on the second holding element. 14. The prosthesis according to claim 11, wherein at least one of the first holding element and the second holding element comprise a permanent magnet. 15. The prosthesis according to claim 11, wherein the first holding element is arranged on a first contact element and the second holding element is arranged on a second contact element, the first and second contact elements arranged next to each other when the first prosthesis component is secured relative to the second prosthesis component. 16. The prosthesis according to claim 15, wherein the first contact element includes a projection and the second contact element includes a recess that mates with the projection. 17. The prosthesis according to claim 11, wherein the holding device is configured to be released with one hand and without a tool. 18. The prosthesis according to claim 11, wherein at least one of the prosthesis components can only be locked when the holding device is holding the prosthesis components together and the holding device can only be released when the prosthesis components are unlocked. 19. A connection device for a prosthesis according to claim 1, wherein the connection device comprises the holding device and the locking element. | 1,600 |
340,841 | 16,642,329 | 1,652 | Disclosed is a method for purifying sialylated oligosaccharides from a fermentation broth, cell-lysate or biocatalytic reaction mixture for obtaining high amounts of desired sialylated oligosaccharides in high purity. The method is particular suitable for the large-scale economic purification of sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (such as 3′-sialyllactose, 6′-sialyllactose or sialylated lacto-N-tetraose derivatives) from microbial fermentation, using recombinant bacterial cells or yeast cells. The obtained material is of high purity and can be used for food or medical application such like medical nutrition products, infant formula, dietary supplements, general nutrition products (e.g. dairy drinks). | 1. A method for purifying one or more sialylated oligosaccharides produced by microbial fermentation or in-vitro biocatalysis, the method comprising
i) separating biomass from fermentation broth; ii) removing one or more cations from the fermentation broth or reaction mixture; iii) removing one or more anionic impurities from the fermentation broth or reaction mixture; and iv) removing one or more compounds having a molecular weight lower than that of the sialylated oligosaccharide to be purified from the fermentation broth or reaction mixture. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising one or more selected from the group consisting of
v) Increasing the concentration of the sialylated oligosaccharide; vi) removing one or more non-desired oligosaccharides; vii) removing one or more colorants; viii) removing one or more endotoxins; ix) sterilizing; and x) spray-drying or crystallizing the sialylated oligosaccharide. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sialylated oligosaccharide is a sialylated human milk oligosaccharide, optionally selected from the group consisting of 3′-SL, 6′-SL, LST-a, LST-b, LST-c, 3-F-SL, DS-LNT and F-LST-b. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said separating biomass from the fermentation broth is performed by subjecting the fermentation broth to ultrafiltration, optionally to an ultrafiltration removing the biomass and compounds having a molecular weight of ≥500 kDa from the fermentation broth, optionally to an ultrafiltration removing the biomass and compounds having a molecular weight of ≥150 kDa from the fermentation broth, and optionally to an ultrafiltration removing the biomass and compounds having a molecular weight of ≥100 kDa from the fermentation broth. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein removing cations from the fermentation broth is performed by cation exchange chromatography. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein removing anionic impurities from the fermentation broth is performed by anion exchange chromatography. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein removing compounds having a molecular weight lower than that of the sialylated oligosaccharide to be purified is performed by cross-flow filtration. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the sialylated oligosaccharide to be purified is increased by nanofiltration or evaporation of the solvent. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein removing colorants is performed by treating the fermentation broth/solution containing the desired sialylated oligosaccharide with activated carbon. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein removing endotoxins is performed by filtration of the solution containing the desired oligosaccharide through a 6 kDa filter or a 3kDa filter. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein sterilizing the solution is performed by filtration of the solution through a 0.2 μm filter. 12. The method according to claim 1 further comprising SMB chromatography. 13. The method according to claim 1 further comprising electrodialysis. 14. A preparation of a sialylated oligosaccharide, wherein said sialylated oligosaccharide has been purified by a method according to claim 1. 15. The preparation according to claim 14, wherein the sialylated oligosaccharide is present in the preparation in a purity of ≥80% by weight. 16. The preparation according to claim 14, wherein the preparation is a fluid or a powder, optionally a powder wherein particles are amorphous or crystalline particles. 17. A product comprising a preparation according to claim 14 for manufacturing a nutritional composition, optionally an infant formula. 18. A nutritional composition comprising at least one sialylated oligosaccharide, wherein said at least one sialylated oligosaccharide has been produced by microbial fermentation or biocatalysis, and wherein said nutritional composition is a medicinal formulation, a dietary supplement, a dairy drink or an infant formula. 19. A nutritional composition containing at least 5 HMOs, wherein said at least 5 HMOs are selected form the group consisting of 2′-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose I, 3′-sialyllactose and 6′-sialyllactose. 20. A nutritional composition according to claim 18, wherein the nutritional composition comprises at least one sialylated HMO and at least one neutral HMO and a probiotic microorganism. 21. A spray-dried, GMO-free powder consisting essentially of a sialylated oligosaccharide with a purity of >80% by dry-weight and possessing less than 10% water by weight. 22. The spray-dried powder product according to claim 21, wherein the product is selected from the group consisting of 3′-sialyllactose, 6′-sialyllactose, and a mixture of 3′-sialyllactose and 6′-sialyllactose. 23. The spray-dried powder product according to claim 22, wherein the spray-dried powder essentially consists of a mixture of 3′-sialyllactose, 6′-sialyllactose and one or more neutral HMOs, said one or more neutral HMOs being selected from the group consisting of 2′-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose I. | Disclosed is a method for purifying sialylated oligosaccharides from a fermentation broth, cell-lysate or biocatalytic reaction mixture for obtaining high amounts of desired sialylated oligosaccharides in high purity. The method is particular suitable for the large-scale economic purification of sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (such as 3′-sialyllactose, 6′-sialyllactose or sialylated lacto-N-tetraose derivatives) from microbial fermentation, using recombinant bacterial cells or yeast cells. The obtained material is of high purity and can be used for food or medical application such like medical nutrition products, infant formula, dietary supplements, general nutrition products (e.g. dairy drinks).1. A method for purifying one or more sialylated oligosaccharides produced by microbial fermentation or in-vitro biocatalysis, the method comprising
i) separating biomass from fermentation broth; ii) removing one or more cations from the fermentation broth or reaction mixture; iii) removing one or more anionic impurities from the fermentation broth or reaction mixture; and iv) removing one or more compounds having a molecular weight lower than that of the sialylated oligosaccharide to be purified from the fermentation broth or reaction mixture. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising one or more selected from the group consisting of
v) Increasing the concentration of the sialylated oligosaccharide; vi) removing one or more non-desired oligosaccharides; vii) removing one or more colorants; viii) removing one or more endotoxins; ix) sterilizing; and x) spray-drying or crystallizing the sialylated oligosaccharide. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sialylated oligosaccharide is a sialylated human milk oligosaccharide, optionally selected from the group consisting of 3′-SL, 6′-SL, LST-a, LST-b, LST-c, 3-F-SL, DS-LNT and F-LST-b. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said separating biomass from the fermentation broth is performed by subjecting the fermentation broth to ultrafiltration, optionally to an ultrafiltration removing the biomass and compounds having a molecular weight of ≥500 kDa from the fermentation broth, optionally to an ultrafiltration removing the biomass and compounds having a molecular weight of ≥150 kDa from the fermentation broth, and optionally to an ultrafiltration removing the biomass and compounds having a molecular weight of ≥100 kDa from the fermentation broth. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein removing cations from the fermentation broth is performed by cation exchange chromatography. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein removing anionic impurities from the fermentation broth is performed by anion exchange chromatography. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein removing compounds having a molecular weight lower than that of the sialylated oligosaccharide to be purified is performed by cross-flow filtration. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the sialylated oligosaccharide to be purified is increased by nanofiltration or evaporation of the solvent. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein removing colorants is performed by treating the fermentation broth/solution containing the desired sialylated oligosaccharide with activated carbon. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein removing endotoxins is performed by filtration of the solution containing the desired oligosaccharide through a 6 kDa filter or a 3kDa filter. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein sterilizing the solution is performed by filtration of the solution through a 0.2 μm filter. 12. The method according to claim 1 further comprising SMB chromatography. 13. The method according to claim 1 further comprising electrodialysis. 14. A preparation of a sialylated oligosaccharide, wherein said sialylated oligosaccharide has been purified by a method according to claim 1. 15. The preparation according to claim 14, wherein the sialylated oligosaccharide is present in the preparation in a purity of ≥80% by weight. 16. The preparation according to claim 14, wherein the preparation is a fluid or a powder, optionally a powder wherein particles are amorphous or crystalline particles. 17. A product comprising a preparation according to claim 14 for manufacturing a nutritional composition, optionally an infant formula. 18. A nutritional composition comprising at least one sialylated oligosaccharide, wherein said at least one sialylated oligosaccharide has been produced by microbial fermentation or biocatalysis, and wherein said nutritional composition is a medicinal formulation, a dietary supplement, a dairy drink or an infant formula. 19. A nutritional composition containing at least 5 HMOs, wherein said at least 5 HMOs are selected form the group consisting of 2′-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose I, 3′-sialyllactose and 6′-sialyllactose. 20. A nutritional composition according to claim 18, wherein the nutritional composition comprises at least one sialylated HMO and at least one neutral HMO and a probiotic microorganism. 21. A spray-dried, GMO-free powder consisting essentially of a sialylated oligosaccharide with a purity of >80% by dry-weight and possessing less than 10% water by weight. 22. The spray-dried powder product according to claim 21, wherein the product is selected from the group consisting of 3′-sialyllactose, 6′-sialyllactose, and a mixture of 3′-sialyllactose and 6′-sialyllactose. 23. The spray-dried powder product according to claim 22, wherein the spray-dried powder essentially consists of a mixture of 3′-sialyllactose, 6′-sialyllactose and one or more neutral HMOs, said one or more neutral HMOs being selected from the group consisting of 2′-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-fucopentaose I. | 1,600 |
340,842 | 16,642,334 | 1,652 | A joint device of an orthosis with an upper part and with a lower part that is arranged on the upper part in an articulated manner, with a first fastening device for securing the upper part to a patient and a second fastening device for securing the lower part to a limb, wherein the joint device connects the upper part to the lower part in an articulated manner and has an upper part binding and a lower part binding via which the upper part and the lower part can be secured to the fastening devices, wherein the joint device has at least four degrees of freedom. | 1. A joint device of an orthosis, comprising:
an upper part; a lower part connected to the upper part in an articulated manner; a first fastening device to secure the upper part to a patient; a second fastening device to secure the lower part to a limb; an upper-part connection and a lower-part connection, via which the upper part and the lower part can be secured to the fastening devices; wherein the joint device has at least four degrees of freedom. 2. The joint device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the joint device has at least three rotational degrees of freedom. 3. The joint device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the joint device has at least one translational degree of freedom. 4. The joint device as claimed in claim 2, further comprising rotation axes for at least two of the rotational degrees of freedom, wherein the rotation axes intersect each other. 5. The joint device as claimed claim 2, wherein a pivot axis of at least one rotational degree of freedom lies outside the joint device. 6. The joint device as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one degree of freedom is limited via end stops. 7. The joint device as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one elastic buffer element is assigned to at least one degree of freedom. 8. The joint device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one buffer element is formed by elastomer elements arranged parallel to the rotation axis. 9. The joint device as claimed in claim 7 wherein the at least one buffer element is formed with elastic tensioning elements. 10. The joint device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the joint device is held by the at least one buffer element in a starting position with respect to at least one degree of freedom. 11. The joint device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an actuator assigned to at least one rotational degree of freedom. 12. The joint device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the actuator is mounted in or on a holder, which is arranged between the upper part and the lower part and has the at least two degrees of freedom. 13. The joint device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the at least two degrees of freedom are rotational degrees of freedom, and rotation axes associated with the rotational degrees of freedom are perpendicular to each other. 14. The joint device as claimed in claim 12, wherein at least one rotational degree of freedom is at least one of formed via an elongate hole guide or limited via bands. 15. An orthosis having an upper part and a lower part, which are connected to each other via a joint device as claimed in claim 1. 16. A joint device of an orthosis, comprising:
an upper part; a lower part pivotally connected to the upper part; a first fastening device to secure the upper part to a patient; a second fastening device to secure the lower part to a limb of the patient; an upper-part connection and a lower-part connection, via which the upper part and the lower part can be secured to the fastening devices; wherein the joint device has at least four degrees of freedom. 17. The joint device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the at least four degrees of freedom include at least three rotational degrees of freedom. 18. The joint device as claimed in claim 16, wherein at least four degrees of freedom include at least one translational degree of freedom. 19. The joint device as claimed in claim 17, further comprising rotation axes for at least two of the rotational degrees of freedom, wherein the rotation axes intersect each other. 20. The joint device as claimed claim 17, wherein a pivot axis of at least one rotational degree of freedom lies outside the joint device. | A joint device of an orthosis with an upper part and with a lower part that is arranged on the upper part in an articulated manner, with a first fastening device for securing the upper part to a patient and a second fastening device for securing the lower part to a limb, wherein the joint device connects the upper part to the lower part in an articulated manner and has an upper part binding and a lower part binding via which the upper part and the lower part can be secured to the fastening devices, wherein the joint device has at least four degrees of freedom.1. A joint device of an orthosis, comprising:
an upper part; a lower part connected to the upper part in an articulated manner; a first fastening device to secure the upper part to a patient; a second fastening device to secure the lower part to a limb; an upper-part connection and a lower-part connection, via which the upper part and the lower part can be secured to the fastening devices; wherein the joint device has at least four degrees of freedom. 2. The joint device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the joint device has at least three rotational degrees of freedom. 3. The joint device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the joint device has at least one translational degree of freedom. 4. The joint device as claimed in claim 2, further comprising rotation axes for at least two of the rotational degrees of freedom, wherein the rotation axes intersect each other. 5. The joint device as claimed claim 2, wherein a pivot axis of at least one rotational degree of freedom lies outside the joint device. 6. The joint device as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one degree of freedom is limited via end stops. 7. The joint device as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one elastic buffer element is assigned to at least one degree of freedom. 8. The joint device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one buffer element is formed by elastomer elements arranged parallel to the rotation axis. 9. The joint device as claimed in claim 7 wherein the at least one buffer element is formed with elastic tensioning elements. 10. The joint device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the joint device is held by the at least one buffer element in a starting position with respect to at least one degree of freedom. 11. The joint device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an actuator assigned to at least one rotational degree of freedom. 12. The joint device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the actuator is mounted in or on a holder, which is arranged between the upper part and the lower part and has the at least two degrees of freedom. 13. The joint device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the at least two degrees of freedom are rotational degrees of freedom, and rotation axes associated with the rotational degrees of freedom are perpendicular to each other. 14. The joint device as claimed in claim 12, wherein at least one rotational degree of freedom is at least one of formed via an elongate hole guide or limited via bands. 15. An orthosis having an upper part and a lower part, which are connected to each other via a joint device as claimed in claim 1. 16. A joint device of an orthosis, comprising:
an upper part; a lower part pivotally connected to the upper part; a first fastening device to secure the upper part to a patient; a second fastening device to secure the lower part to a limb of the patient; an upper-part connection and a lower-part connection, via which the upper part and the lower part can be secured to the fastening devices; wherein the joint device has at least four degrees of freedom. 17. The joint device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the at least four degrees of freedom include at least three rotational degrees of freedom. 18. The joint device as claimed in claim 16, wherein at least four degrees of freedom include at least one translational degree of freedom. 19. The joint device as claimed in claim 17, further comprising rotation axes for at least two of the rotational degrees of freedom, wherein the rotation axes intersect each other. 20. The joint device as claimed claim 17, wherein a pivot axis of at least one rotational degree of freedom lies outside the joint device. | 1,600 |
340,843 | 16,642,277 | 1,652 | A method for producing a compound represented by formula (C) wherein R1 represents an amino group protected with a protecting group, the method comprising a step of subjecting a compound represented by formula (B) wherein R1 represents the same meaning as above, to intramolecular cyclization to convert the compound into the compound represented by formula (C). | 1. A method for producing a compound represented by formula (C): 2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group, a methoxyacetyl group, a trifluoroacetyl group, a trichloroacetyl group, a pivaloyl group, a formyl group, or a benzoyl group. 3. The production method according to claim 1, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group or a trifluoroacetyl group. 4. The production method according to claim 1, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group. 5. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the intramolecular cyclization is performed by a method comprising reacting the compound represented by formula (B) with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 6. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the intramolecular cyclization is performed in a solvent comprising trifluoroacetic acid. 7. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the intramolecular cyclization is performed by a method comprising reacting the compound represented by formula (B) with thionyl chloride. 8. The production method according to claim 7, wherein the intramolecular cyclization is performed in the presence of aluminium chloride. 9. A method for producing a compound represented by formula (C): 10. The production method according to claim 9, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group, a methoxyacetyl group, a trifluoroacetyl group, a trichloroacetyl group, a pivaloyl group, a formyl group, or a benzoyl group. 11. The production method according to claim 9, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group or a trifluoroacetyl group. 12. The production method according to claim 9, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group. 13. The production method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein Y is a chloro group. 14. The production method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein Y is a trifluoroacetoxy group. 15. The production method according to claim 13, wherein the intramolecular cyclization is performed in the presence of aluminium chloride. 16. The production method according to claim 14, wherein the intramolecular cyclization is performed in a solvent comprising trifluoroacetic acid. 17. A method for producing a compound represented by formula (C): 18. The production method according to claim 17, wherein X is a bromo group, an iodo group, a trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy group, or an arylsulfonyloxy group. 19. The production method according to claim 17, wherein X is a bromo group. 20. The production method according to claim 17, wherein X is an iodo group. 21. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group, a methoxyacetyl group, a trifluoroacetyl group, a trichloroacetyl group, a pivaloyl group, a formyl group, or a benzoyl group. 22. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group or a trifluoroacetyl group. 23. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group. 24. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 23, wherein the step of coupling the compound represented by formula (D) with 3-butenoic acid to convert the compound represented by formula (D) into the compound represented by formula (E) is performed in the presence of a palladium complex prepared from palladium(II) acetate and tri(o-tolyl)phosphine. 25. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 24, comprising the steps of: dissolving the compound represented by formula (E) in a basic aqueous solution to wash the compound represented by formula (E) with a first organic solvent and separating the solvents; and then adding an acid to the basic aqueous solution to extract the compound represented by formula (E) with a second organic solvent and separating the solvents. 26. The production method according to claim 25, wherein the first organic solvent is 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. 27. The production method according to claim 25 or 26, wherein the second organic solvent is 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. 28. The production method according to any one of claims 25 to 27, wherein the basic aqueous solution is an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. 29. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 28, wherein the step of reducing the compound represented by formula (E) to convert the compound represented by formula (E) into the compound represented by formula (B) is performed by a method comprising reacting the compound represented by formula (E) with hydrogen in a solvent in the presence of a palladium carbon catalyst. 30. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 29, wherein the step of subjecting the compound represented by formula (B) to intramolecular cyclization to convert the compound represented by formula (B) into the compound represented by formula (C) is performed by a method comprising reacting the compound represented by formula (B) with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 31. The production method according to claim 30, wherein the intramolecular cyclization is performed in a solvent comprising trifluoroacetic acid. 32. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 29, wherein the step of subjecting the compound represented by formula (B) to intramolecular cyclization to convert the compound represented by formula (B) into the compound represented by formula (C) is performed by a method comprising reacting the compound represented by formula (B) with thionyl chloride. 33. The production method according to claim 32, wherein the intramolecular cyclization is performed in the presence of aluminium chloride. 34. A method for producing a compound represented by formula (2): 35. The production method according to claim 34, wherein R2 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group, a methoxyacetyl group, a trifluoroacetyl group, a trichloroacetyl group, a pivaloyl group, a formyl group, or a benzoyl group. 36. The production method according to claim 34, wherein R2 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group or a trifluoroacetyl group. 37. The production method according to claim 34, wherein R2 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group. 38. The production method according to any one of claims 34 to 37, wherein the step of converting the compound represented by formula (C) into the compound represented by formula (F) comprises the sub-steps of: (i) reacting the compound represented by formula (C) with a nitrous acid ester in the presence of a base to introduce a nitroso group; (ii) introducing a protecting group to a nitrogen atom derived from the nitroso group; and (iii) reducing the compound represented by formula (C) with hydrogen in the presence of a platinum carbon catalyst. 39. The production method according to any one of claims 34 to 38, wherein the step of converting the compound represented by formula (F) into the compound represented by formula (G) is performed in a solvent comprising hydrochloric acid/ethanol. 40. The production method according to any one of claims 34 to 39, wherein the step of condensing the compound represented by formula (G) with the compound represented by formula (1) to convert the compound represented by formula (G) into the compound represented by formula (H) is performed in a solvent comprising o-cresol. 41. The production method according to any one of claims 34 to 40, wherein the step of converting the compound represented by formula (H) into the compound represented by formula (2) is performed in a solvent comprising methanesulfonic acid. 42. The production method according to any one of claims 34 to 41, wherein the compound represented by formula (2) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt. 43. The production method according to any one of claims 34 to 41, wherein the compound represented by formula (2) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt m-hydrate wherein m is in a range of 0 to 3. 44. The production method according to any one of claims 34 to 41, wherein the compound represented by formula (2) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt dihydrate. 45. A method for producing a compound represented by formula (2): 46. The production method according to claim 45, wherein the step of coupling the compound represented by formula (6) with 3-butenoic acid to convert the compound represented by formula (6) into the compound represented by formula (7) is performed in the presence of a palladium complex prepared from palladium(II) acetate and tri(o-tolyl)phosphine. 47. The production method according to claim 45 or 46, comprising the steps of: dissolving the compound represented by formula (7) in a basic aqueous solution to wash the compound represented by formula (7) with a first organic solvent and separating the solvents; and then adding an acid to the basic aqueous solution to extract the compound represented by formula (7) with a second organic solvent and separating the solvents. 48. The production method according to claim 47, wherein the first organic solvent is 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. 49. The production method according to claim 47 or 48, wherein the second organic solvent is 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. 50. The production method according to any one of claims 46 to 49, wherein the basic aqueous solution is an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. 51. The production method according to any one of claims 45 to 50, wherein the step of subjecting the compound represented by formula (8) to intramolecular cyclization to convert the compound represented by formula (8) into the compound represented by formula (9) is performed by a method comprising reacting the compound represented by formula (8) with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 52. The production method according to claim 51, wherein the intramolecular cyclization is performed in a solvent comprising trifluoroacetic acid. 53. The production method according to any one of claims 45 to 52, wherein the step of converting the compound represented by formula (9) into the compound represented by formula (10) comprises the sub-steps of: (i) reacting the compound represented by formula (9) with a nitrous acid ester in the presence of a base to introduce a nitroso group; then (ii) introducing a protecting group to a nitrogen atom derived from the nitroso group; and (iii) reducing the compound represented by formula (9) with hydrogen in the presence of a platinum carbon catalyst. 54. The production method according to any one of claims 45 to 53, wherein the step of converting the compound represented by formula (10) into the compound represented by formula (11) is performed in a solvent comprising hydrochloric acid/ethanol. 55. The production method according to any one of claims 45 to 54, wherein the step of condensing the compound represented by formula (11) with the compound represented by formula (1) to convert the compound represented by formula (11) into the compound represented by formula (12) is performed in a solvent comprising o-cresol. 56. The production method according to any one of claims 45 to 55, wherein the step of converting the compound represented by formula (12) into the compound represented by formula (2) is performed in a solvent comprising methanesulfonic acid. 57. The production method according to any one of claims 45 to 56, wherein the compound represented by formula (2) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt. 58. The production method according to any one of claims 45 to 56, wherein the compound represented by formula (2) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt m-hydrate wherein m is in a range of 0 to 3. 59. The production method according to any one of claims 45 to 56, wherein the compound represented by formula (2) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt dihydrate. 60. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 59, wherein no chromatography is used. 61. A compound represented by formula (6): 62. A compound represented by formula (34): 63. A compound represented by formula (7): 64. A compound represented by formula (8): 65. A method for producing a compound represented by formula (14): 66. A method for producing an antibody-drug conjugate, in which a drug-linker represented by formula (15): 67. The production method according to claim 66, wherein the antibody is an anti-HER2 antibody, an anti-HER3 antibody, an anti-TROP2 antibody, an anti-B7-H3 antibody, or an anti-GPR20 antibody. | A method for producing a compound represented by formula (C) wherein R1 represents an amino group protected with a protecting group, the method comprising a step of subjecting a compound represented by formula (B) wherein R1 represents the same meaning as above, to intramolecular cyclization to convert the compound into the compound represented by formula (C).1. A method for producing a compound represented by formula (C): 2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group, a methoxyacetyl group, a trifluoroacetyl group, a trichloroacetyl group, a pivaloyl group, a formyl group, or a benzoyl group. 3. The production method according to claim 1, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group or a trifluoroacetyl group. 4. The production method according to claim 1, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group. 5. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the intramolecular cyclization is performed by a method comprising reacting the compound represented by formula (B) with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 6. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the intramolecular cyclization is performed in a solvent comprising trifluoroacetic acid. 7. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the intramolecular cyclization is performed by a method comprising reacting the compound represented by formula (B) with thionyl chloride. 8. The production method according to claim 7, wherein the intramolecular cyclization is performed in the presence of aluminium chloride. 9. A method for producing a compound represented by formula (C): 10. The production method according to claim 9, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group, a methoxyacetyl group, a trifluoroacetyl group, a trichloroacetyl group, a pivaloyl group, a formyl group, or a benzoyl group. 11. The production method according to claim 9, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group or a trifluoroacetyl group. 12. The production method according to claim 9, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group. 13. The production method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein Y is a chloro group. 14. The production method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein Y is a trifluoroacetoxy group. 15. The production method according to claim 13, wherein the intramolecular cyclization is performed in the presence of aluminium chloride. 16. The production method according to claim 14, wherein the intramolecular cyclization is performed in a solvent comprising trifluoroacetic acid. 17. A method for producing a compound represented by formula (C): 18. The production method according to claim 17, wherein X is a bromo group, an iodo group, a trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy group, or an arylsulfonyloxy group. 19. The production method according to claim 17, wherein X is a bromo group. 20. The production method according to claim 17, wherein X is an iodo group. 21. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group, a methoxyacetyl group, a trifluoroacetyl group, a trichloroacetyl group, a pivaloyl group, a formyl group, or a benzoyl group. 22. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group or a trifluoroacetyl group. 23. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein R1 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group. 24. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 23, wherein the step of coupling the compound represented by formula (D) with 3-butenoic acid to convert the compound represented by formula (D) into the compound represented by formula (E) is performed in the presence of a palladium complex prepared from palladium(II) acetate and tri(o-tolyl)phosphine. 25. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 24, comprising the steps of: dissolving the compound represented by formula (E) in a basic aqueous solution to wash the compound represented by formula (E) with a first organic solvent and separating the solvents; and then adding an acid to the basic aqueous solution to extract the compound represented by formula (E) with a second organic solvent and separating the solvents. 26. The production method according to claim 25, wherein the first organic solvent is 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. 27. The production method according to claim 25 or 26, wherein the second organic solvent is 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. 28. The production method according to any one of claims 25 to 27, wherein the basic aqueous solution is an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. 29. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 28, wherein the step of reducing the compound represented by formula (E) to convert the compound represented by formula (E) into the compound represented by formula (B) is performed by a method comprising reacting the compound represented by formula (E) with hydrogen in a solvent in the presence of a palladium carbon catalyst. 30. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 29, wherein the step of subjecting the compound represented by formula (B) to intramolecular cyclization to convert the compound represented by formula (B) into the compound represented by formula (C) is performed by a method comprising reacting the compound represented by formula (B) with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 31. The production method according to claim 30, wherein the intramolecular cyclization is performed in a solvent comprising trifluoroacetic acid. 32. The production method according to any one of claims 17 to 29, wherein the step of subjecting the compound represented by formula (B) to intramolecular cyclization to convert the compound represented by formula (B) into the compound represented by formula (C) is performed by a method comprising reacting the compound represented by formula (B) with thionyl chloride. 33. The production method according to claim 32, wherein the intramolecular cyclization is performed in the presence of aluminium chloride. 34. A method for producing a compound represented by formula (2): 35. The production method according to claim 34, wherein R2 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group, a methoxyacetyl group, a trifluoroacetyl group, a trichloroacetyl group, a pivaloyl group, a formyl group, or a benzoyl group. 36. The production method according to claim 34, wherein R2 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group or a trifluoroacetyl group. 37. The production method according to claim 34, wherein R2 is an amino group protected with an acetyl group. 38. The production method according to any one of claims 34 to 37, wherein the step of converting the compound represented by formula (C) into the compound represented by formula (F) comprises the sub-steps of: (i) reacting the compound represented by formula (C) with a nitrous acid ester in the presence of a base to introduce a nitroso group; (ii) introducing a protecting group to a nitrogen atom derived from the nitroso group; and (iii) reducing the compound represented by formula (C) with hydrogen in the presence of a platinum carbon catalyst. 39. The production method according to any one of claims 34 to 38, wherein the step of converting the compound represented by formula (F) into the compound represented by formula (G) is performed in a solvent comprising hydrochloric acid/ethanol. 40. The production method according to any one of claims 34 to 39, wherein the step of condensing the compound represented by formula (G) with the compound represented by formula (1) to convert the compound represented by formula (G) into the compound represented by formula (H) is performed in a solvent comprising o-cresol. 41. The production method according to any one of claims 34 to 40, wherein the step of converting the compound represented by formula (H) into the compound represented by formula (2) is performed in a solvent comprising methanesulfonic acid. 42. The production method according to any one of claims 34 to 41, wherein the compound represented by formula (2) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt. 43. The production method according to any one of claims 34 to 41, wherein the compound represented by formula (2) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt m-hydrate wherein m is in a range of 0 to 3. 44. The production method according to any one of claims 34 to 41, wherein the compound represented by formula (2) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt dihydrate. 45. A method for producing a compound represented by formula (2): 46. The production method according to claim 45, wherein the step of coupling the compound represented by formula (6) with 3-butenoic acid to convert the compound represented by formula (6) into the compound represented by formula (7) is performed in the presence of a palladium complex prepared from palladium(II) acetate and tri(o-tolyl)phosphine. 47. The production method according to claim 45 or 46, comprising the steps of: dissolving the compound represented by formula (7) in a basic aqueous solution to wash the compound represented by formula (7) with a first organic solvent and separating the solvents; and then adding an acid to the basic aqueous solution to extract the compound represented by formula (7) with a second organic solvent and separating the solvents. 48. The production method according to claim 47, wherein the first organic solvent is 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. 49. The production method according to claim 47 or 48, wherein the second organic solvent is 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. 50. The production method according to any one of claims 46 to 49, wherein the basic aqueous solution is an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. 51. The production method according to any one of claims 45 to 50, wherein the step of subjecting the compound represented by formula (8) to intramolecular cyclization to convert the compound represented by formula (8) into the compound represented by formula (9) is performed by a method comprising reacting the compound represented by formula (8) with trifluoroacetic anhydride. 52. The production method according to claim 51, wherein the intramolecular cyclization is performed in a solvent comprising trifluoroacetic acid. 53. The production method according to any one of claims 45 to 52, wherein the step of converting the compound represented by formula (9) into the compound represented by formula (10) comprises the sub-steps of: (i) reacting the compound represented by formula (9) with a nitrous acid ester in the presence of a base to introduce a nitroso group; then (ii) introducing a protecting group to a nitrogen atom derived from the nitroso group; and (iii) reducing the compound represented by formula (9) with hydrogen in the presence of a platinum carbon catalyst. 54. The production method according to any one of claims 45 to 53, wherein the step of converting the compound represented by formula (10) into the compound represented by formula (11) is performed in a solvent comprising hydrochloric acid/ethanol. 55. The production method according to any one of claims 45 to 54, wherein the step of condensing the compound represented by formula (11) with the compound represented by formula (1) to convert the compound represented by formula (11) into the compound represented by formula (12) is performed in a solvent comprising o-cresol. 56. The production method according to any one of claims 45 to 55, wherein the step of converting the compound represented by formula (12) into the compound represented by formula (2) is performed in a solvent comprising methanesulfonic acid. 57. The production method according to any one of claims 45 to 56, wherein the compound represented by formula (2) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt. 58. The production method according to any one of claims 45 to 56, wherein the compound represented by formula (2) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt m-hydrate wherein m is in a range of 0 to 3. 59. The production method according to any one of claims 45 to 56, wherein the compound represented by formula (2) is in the form of a methanesulfonic acid salt dihydrate. 60. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 59, wherein no chromatography is used. 61. A compound represented by formula (6): 62. A compound represented by formula (34): 63. A compound represented by formula (7): 64. A compound represented by formula (8): 65. A method for producing a compound represented by formula (14): 66. A method for producing an antibody-drug conjugate, in which a drug-linker represented by formula (15): 67. The production method according to claim 66, wherein the antibody is an anti-HER2 antibody, an anti-HER3 antibody, an anti-TROP2 antibody, an anti-B7-H3 antibody, or an anti-GPR20 antibody. | 1,600 |
340,844 | 16,642,321 | 1,652 | A method for controlling a vehicle is applied to an in-vehicle terminal, includes: obtaining current position information of a vehicle and a preset electronic fence, determining a travel direction according to the current position information and the preset electronic fence; when determining that the vehicle travels from the inside of the preset electronic fence to the outside of the preset electronic fence, determining a current position state of the vehicle according to the current position information, where the position state represents a relative position of the vehicle and the preset electronic fence; determining whether the current position state is the same as a previous position state of the vehicle; and when the current position state is different from the previous position state, performing one or two of outputting warning information and sending a key shielding signal, to enable a key controller to shield a key control signal of the vehicle. | 1. A method for controlling a vehicle, applied to an in-vehicle terminal, wherein the method comprises:
obtaining current position information of a vehicle and a preset electronic fence, and determining a travel direction of the vehicle according to the current position information and the preset electronic fence; determining a current position state of the vehicle according to the current position information when it is determined, according to the travel direction of the vehicle, that the vehicle travels from the inside of the preset electronic fence to the outside of the preset electronic fence, wherein the position state represents a relative position of the vehicle and the preset electronic fence; determining whether the current position state is the same as a previous position state of the vehicle; and when the current position state is different from the previous position state, performing at least one of the following steps to enable a key controller to shield a key control signal of the vehicle: outputting warning information; and sending a key shielding signal. 2. The method for controlling a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining a current position state of the vehicle according to the current position information comprises:
when the current position information is located inside the preset electronic fence, the current position state of the vehicle is that the vehicle is located inside the preset electronic fence; or when the current position information is located outside the preset electronic fence, the current position state of the vehicle is that the vehicle is located outside the preset electronic fence. 3. The method for controlling a vehicle according to claim 2, wherein
the step of performing at least one of the following steps to enable a key controller to shield a key control signal of the vehicle: outputting warning information; and sending a key shielding signal comprises:
when the current position state is that the vehicle is located outside the preset electronic fence, sending the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle, or outputting the warning information and sending the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle. 4. The method for controlling a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the preset electronic fence comprises a preset inner fence and a preset outer fence, and the step of determining a current position state of the vehicle according to the current position information comprises:
when the current position information is located inside the preset inner fence, the current position state of the vehicle is that the vehicle is located inside the preset inner fence; or when the current position information is located between the preset inner fence and the preset outer fence, the current position state of the vehicle is that the vehicle is located outside the preset inner fence and located inside the preset outer fence; or when the current position information is located outside the preset outer fence, the current position state of the vehicle is that the vehicle is located outside the preset outer fence. 5. The method for controlling a vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the step of performing at least one of the following steps to enable a key controller to shield a key control signal of the vehicle: outputting warning information; and sending a key shielding signal comprises:
when the current position state is that the vehicle is located outside the preset inner fence and located inside the preset outer fence, outputting the warning information; or when the current position state is that the vehicle is located outside the preset outer fence, sending the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle, or outputting the warning information and sending the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle. 6. The method for controlling a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein before the step of sending the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle, the method further comprises:
determining whether the vehicle is shut down; and wherein the step of enabling the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle comprises: when it is determined that the vehicle is shut down, sending the key shielding signal, to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle. 7. The method for controlling a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
after the step of performing at least one of the following steps to enable a key controller to shield a key control signal of the vehicle: outputting warning information; and sending a key shielding signal, uploading alarm information to a monitoring server to remind a vehicle administrator. 8. An apparatus for controlling a vehicle, applied to an in-vehicle terminal, wherein the apparatus comprises:
an obtaining module, configured to obtain current position information of a vehicle and a preset electronic fence; a first determining module, configured to determine a travel direction of the vehicle according to the current position information and the preset electronic fence; a second determining module, configured to determine a current position state of the vehicle according to the current position information when it is determined that the vehicle travels from the inside of the preset electronic fence to the outside of the preset electronic fence, wherein the position state represents a relative position of the vehicle and the preset electronic fence; a third determining module, configured to determine whether the current position state is the same as a previous position state of the vehicle; and a performing module, configured to: when the current position state is different from the previous position state, perform at least one of the following steps to enable a key controller to shield a key control signal of the vehicle: outputting warning information; and sending a key shielding signal. 9. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 8, wherein when determining the current position state of the vehicle according to the current position information, the second determining module is configured to:
when the current position information is located inside the preset electronic fence, determine that the current position state of the vehicle is that the vehicle is located inside the preset electronic fence; or when the current position information is located outside the preset electronic fence, determine that the current position state of the vehicle is that the vehicle is located outside the preset electronic fence. 10. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 9, when performing at least one of the following steps to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle: outputting warning information; and sending the key shielding signal, the performing module is configured to:
when the current position state is that the vehicle is located outside the preset electronic fence, send the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle, or output the warning information and send the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle. 11. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the preset electronic fence comprises a preset inner fence and a preset outer fence, and when determining the current position state of the vehicle according to the current position information, the second determining module is configured to:
when the current position information is located inside the preset inner fence, determine that the current position state of the vehicle is that the vehicle is located inside the preset inner fence; or when the current position information is located between the preset inner fence and the preset outer fence, determine that the current position state of the vehicle is that the vehicle is located outside the preset inner fence and located inside the preset outer fence; or when the current position information is located outside the preset outer fence, determine that the current position state of the vehicle is that the vehicle is located outside the preset outer fence. 12. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 11, wherein the performing module is configured to:
when the current position state is that the vehicle is located outside the preset inner fence and located inside the preset outer fence, output the warning information; or when the current position state is that the vehicle is located outside the preset outer fence, send the key shielding signal, to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle, or output the warning information and send the key shielding signal, to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle. 13. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
a fourth determining module, configured to determine whether the vehicle is shut down, wherein the performing module is configured to: when it is determined that the vehicle is shut down, send the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle. 14. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
an uploading module, configured to: when the performing module performs at least one of the following steps to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle: outputting warning information, and sending the key shielding signal, upload alarm information to a monitoring server to remind a vehicle administrator. 15. A vehicle, comprising a key controller and the apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the key controller is connected to the apparatus for controlling a vehicle. 16. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 9, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
a fourth determining module, configured to determine whether the vehicle is shut down, wherein the performing module is configured to: when it is determined that the vehicle is shut down, send the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle. 17. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 10, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
a fourth determining module, configured to determine whether the vehicle is shut down, wherein the performing module is configured to: when it is determined that the vehicle is shut down, send the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle. 18. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 11, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
a fourth determining module, configured to determine whether the vehicle is shut down, wherein the performing module is configured to: when it is determined that the vehicle is shut down, send the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle. 19. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 12, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
a fourth determining module, configured to determine whether the vehicle is shut down, wherein the performing module is configured to: when it is determined that the vehicle is shut down, send the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle. 20. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 19, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
an uploading module, configured to: when the performing module performs at least one of the following steps to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle: outputting warning information, and sending the key shielding signal, upload alarm information to a monitoring server to remind a vehicle administrator. | A method for controlling a vehicle is applied to an in-vehicle terminal, includes: obtaining current position information of a vehicle and a preset electronic fence, determining a travel direction according to the current position information and the preset electronic fence; when determining that the vehicle travels from the inside of the preset electronic fence to the outside of the preset electronic fence, determining a current position state of the vehicle according to the current position information, where the position state represents a relative position of the vehicle and the preset electronic fence; determining whether the current position state is the same as a previous position state of the vehicle; and when the current position state is different from the previous position state, performing one or two of outputting warning information and sending a key shielding signal, to enable a key controller to shield a key control signal of the vehicle.1. A method for controlling a vehicle, applied to an in-vehicle terminal, wherein the method comprises:
obtaining current position information of a vehicle and a preset electronic fence, and determining a travel direction of the vehicle according to the current position information and the preset electronic fence; determining a current position state of the vehicle according to the current position information when it is determined, according to the travel direction of the vehicle, that the vehicle travels from the inside of the preset electronic fence to the outside of the preset electronic fence, wherein the position state represents a relative position of the vehicle and the preset electronic fence; determining whether the current position state is the same as a previous position state of the vehicle; and when the current position state is different from the previous position state, performing at least one of the following steps to enable a key controller to shield a key control signal of the vehicle: outputting warning information; and sending a key shielding signal. 2. The method for controlling a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining a current position state of the vehicle according to the current position information comprises:
when the current position information is located inside the preset electronic fence, the current position state of the vehicle is that the vehicle is located inside the preset electronic fence; or when the current position information is located outside the preset electronic fence, the current position state of the vehicle is that the vehicle is located outside the preset electronic fence. 3. The method for controlling a vehicle according to claim 2, wherein
the step of performing at least one of the following steps to enable a key controller to shield a key control signal of the vehicle: outputting warning information; and sending a key shielding signal comprises:
when the current position state is that the vehicle is located outside the preset electronic fence, sending the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle, or outputting the warning information and sending the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle. 4. The method for controlling a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the preset electronic fence comprises a preset inner fence and a preset outer fence, and the step of determining a current position state of the vehicle according to the current position information comprises:
when the current position information is located inside the preset inner fence, the current position state of the vehicle is that the vehicle is located inside the preset inner fence; or when the current position information is located between the preset inner fence and the preset outer fence, the current position state of the vehicle is that the vehicle is located outside the preset inner fence and located inside the preset outer fence; or when the current position information is located outside the preset outer fence, the current position state of the vehicle is that the vehicle is located outside the preset outer fence. 5. The method for controlling a vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the step of performing at least one of the following steps to enable a key controller to shield a key control signal of the vehicle: outputting warning information; and sending a key shielding signal comprises:
when the current position state is that the vehicle is located outside the preset inner fence and located inside the preset outer fence, outputting the warning information; or when the current position state is that the vehicle is located outside the preset outer fence, sending the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle, or outputting the warning information and sending the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle. 6. The method for controlling a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein before the step of sending the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle, the method further comprises:
determining whether the vehicle is shut down; and wherein the step of enabling the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle comprises: when it is determined that the vehicle is shut down, sending the key shielding signal, to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle. 7. The method for controlling a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
after the step of performing at least one of the following steps to enable a key controller to shield a key control signal of the vehicle: outputting warning information; and sending a key shielding signal, uploading alarm information to a monitoring server to remind a vehicle administrator. 8. An apparatus for controlling a vehicle, applied to an in-vehicle terminal, wherein the apparatus comprises:
an obtaining module, configured to obtain current position information of a vehicle and a preset electronic fence; a first determining module, configured to determine a travel direction of the vehicle according to the current position information and the preset electronic fence; a second determining module, configured to determine a current position state of the vehicle according to the current position information when it is determined that the vehicle travels from the inside of the preset electronic fence to the outside of the preset electronic fence, wherein the position state represents a relative position of the vehicle and the preset electronic fence; a third determining module, configured to determine whether the current position state is the same as a previous position state of the vehicle; and a performing module, configured to: when the current position state is different from the previous position state, perform at least one of the following steps to enable a key controller to shield a key control signal of the vehicle: outputting warning information; and sending a key shielding signal. 9. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 8, wherein when determining the current position state of the vehicle according to the current position information, the second determining module is configured to:
when the current position information is located inside the preset electronic fence, determine that the current position state of the vehicle is that the vehicle is located inside the preset electronic fence; or when the current position information is located outside the preset electronic fence, determine that the current position state of the vehicle is that the vehicle is located outside the preset electronic fence. 10. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 9, when performing at least one of the following steps to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle: outputting warning information; and sending the key shielding signal, the performing module is configured to:
when the current position state is that the vehicle is located outside the preset electronic fence, send the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle, or output the warning information and send the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle. 11. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the preset electronic fence comprises a preset inner fence and a preset outer fence, and when determining the current position state of the vehicle according to the current position information, the second determining module is configured to:
when the current position information is located inside the preset inner fence, determine that the current position state of the vehicle is that the vehicle is located inside the preset inner fence; or when the current position information is located between the preset inner fence and the preset outer fence, determine that the current position state of the vehicle is that the vehicle is located outside the preset inner fence and located inside the preset outer fence; or when the current position information is located outside the preset outer fence, determine that the current position state of the vehicle is that the vehicle is located outside the preset outer fence. 12. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 11, wherein the performing module is configured to:
when the current position state is that the vehicle is located outside the preset inner fence and located inside the preset outer fence, output the warning information; or when the current position state is that the vehicle is located outside the preset outer fence, send the key shielding signal, to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle, or output the warning information and send the key shielding signal, to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle. 13. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
a fourth determining module, configured to determine whether the vehicle is shut down, wherein the performing module is configured to: when it is determined that the vehicle is shut down, send the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle. 14. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
an uploading module, configured to: when the performing module performs at least one of the following steps to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle: outputting warning information, and sending the key shielding signal, upload alarm information to a monitoring server to remind a vehicle administrator. 15. A vehicle, comprising a key controller and the apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the key controller is connected to the apparatus for controlling a vehicle. 16. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 9, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
a fourth determining module, configured to determine whether the vehicle is shut down, wherein the performing module is configured to: when it is determined that the vehicle is shut down, send the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle. 17. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 10, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
a fourth determining module, configured to determine whether the vehicle is shut down, wherein the performing module is configured to: when it is determined that the vehicle is shut down, send the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle. 18. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 11, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
a fourth determining module, configured to determine whether the vehicle is shut down, wherein the performing module is configured to: when it is determined that the vehicle is shut down, send the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle. 19. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 12, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
a fourth determining module, configured to determine whether the vehicle is shut down, wherein the performing module is configured to: when it is determined that the vehicle is shut down, send the key shielding signal to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle. 20. The apparatus for controlling a vehicle according to claim 19, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
an uploading module, configured to: when the performing module performs at least one of the following steps to enable the key controller to shield the key control signal of the vehicle: outputting warning information, and sending the key shielding signal, upload alarm information to a monitoring server to remind a vehicle administrator. | 1,600 |
340,845 | 16,642,289 | 1,652 | An arrangement for a sensor having a sensor-active surface on or behind an exterior attachment part of a vehicle includes a sensor guide. The sensor guide includes a traction element made of a shape-memory alloy and a restoring element. The traction element moves the sensor in the direction of the vehicle interior between an active position and a protected position in response to a detected impending collision in the low-speed range or a detected collision in the low-speed range. The restoring element moves the sensor back to the active position from the protected position. | 1-5. (canceled) 6. An arrangement for a sensor having a sensor-active surface on or behind an exterior attachment part of a vehicle, comprising:
a sensor guide including a traction element that comprises a shape-memory alloy and a restoring element, wherein the traction element is configured to move the sensor in a direction of a vehicle interior between an active position and a protected position in response to a detected impending collision or a detected collision, and wherein the restoring element is configured to move the sensor back to the active position from the protected position. 7. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the traction element further comprises a traction spring. 8. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the restoring element comprises a traction spring. 9. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the traction element is configured to contract in response to receiving an application of electrical voltage, and as the traction element contracts, the traction element is configured to move the sensor from the active position to the protected position. 10. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the sensor guide comprises a rail system. | An arrangement for a sensor having a sensor-active surface on or behind an exterior attachment part of a vehicle includes a sensor guide. The sensor guide includes a traction element made of a shape-memory alloy and a restoring element. The traction element moves the sensor in the direction of the vehicle interior between an active position and a protected position in response to a detected impending collision in the low-speed range or a detected collision in the low-speed range. The restoring element moves the sensor back to the active position from the protected position.1-5. (canceled) 6. An arrangement for a sensor having a sensor-active surface on or behind an exterior attachment part of a vehicle, comprising:
a sensor guide including a traction element that comprises a shape-memory alloy and a restoring element, wherein the traction element is configured to move the sensor in a direction of a vehicle interior between an active position and a protected position in response to a detected impending collision or a detected collision, and wherein the restoring element is configured to move the sensor back to the active position from the protected position. 7. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the traction element further comprises a traction spring. 8. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the restoring element comprises a traction spring. 9. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the traction element is configured to contract in response to receiving an application of electrical voltage, and as the traction element contracts, the traction element is configured to move the sensor from the active position to the protected position. 10. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the sensor guide comprises a rail system. | 1,600 |
340,846 | 16,642,302 | 1,652 | Provided is a composite particle capable of effectively suppressing the occurrence of color unevenness in a light-modulating material and effectively enhancing the light-modulating performance. The composite particle according to the present invention contains a pigment and has a particle diameter of 10 μm or more and 100 μm or less. | 1. A composite particle comprising a pigment, the composite particle having a particle diameter of 10 μm or more and 100 μm or less. 2. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein a 20% K value is 5000 N/mm2 or more. 3. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein a fracture strain is 30% or more and 70% or less. 4. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein a fracture load value is 20 mN or more and 100 mN or less. 5. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein a total light transmittance is less than 5%. 6. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein a content of the pigment is 2% by weight or more and 7% by weight or less in 100% by weight of the composite particle. 7. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein an average particle diameter of the pigment is 50 nm or more and 350 nm or less. 8. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein the pigment is carbon black. 9. The composite particle according to claim 8, wherein a surface of the carbon black is covered with a polymer. 10. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein the composite particle is used as a spacer in a light-modulating material capable of changing a state between a transparent state and an opaque state depending on state of voltage application. 11. The composite particle according to claim 10, wherein the light-modulating material is window glass of a vehicle or a partition. 12. A composite-particle powder comprising a plurality of the composite particles according to claim 1, the composite-particle powder having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or more and 100 μm or less. 13. A light-modulating material comprising:
a first member for light-modulating material; a second member for light-modulating material; and a light-modulating layer disposed between the first member for light-modulating material and the second member for light-modulating material, the light-modulating layer containing a plurality of spacers, and the spacers being the composite particle according to claim 1. | Provided is a composite particle capable of effectively suppressing the occurrence of color unevenness in a light-modulating material and effectively enhancing the light-modulating performance. The composite particle according to the present invention contains a pigment and has a particle diameter of 10 μm or more and 100 μm or less.1. A composite particle comprising a pigment, the composite particle having a particle diameter of 10 μm or more and 100 μm or less. 2. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein a 20% K value is 5000 N/mm2 or more. 3. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein a fracture strain is 30% or more and 70% or less. 4. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein a fracture load value is 20 mN or more and 100 mN or less. 5. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein a total light transmittance is less than 5%. 6. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein a content of the pigment is 2% by weight or more and 7% by weight or less in 100% by weight of the composite particle. 7. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein an average particle diameter of the pigment is 50 nm or more and 350 nm or less. 8. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein the pigment is carbon black. 9. The composite particle according to claim 8, wherein a surface of the carbon black is covered with a polymer. 10. The composite particle according to claim 1, wherein the composite particle is used as a spacer in a light-modulating material capable of changing a state between a transparent state and an opaque state depending on state of voltage application. 11. The composite particle according to claim 10, wherein the light-modulating material is window glass of a vehicle or a partition. 12. A composite-particle powder comprising a plurality of the composite particles according to claim 1, the composite-particle powder having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or more and 100 μm or less. 13. A light-modulating material comprising:
a first member for light-modulating material; a second member for light-modulating material; and a light-modulating layer disposed between the first member for light-modulating material and the second member for light-modulating material, the light-modulating layer containing a plurality of spacers, and the spacers being the composite particle according to claim 1. | 1,600 |
340,847 | 16,642,325 | 1,652 | The invention provides a piezoelectric electromagnetic combined energy harvester based on parallel mechanism. The harvester includes fixed bracket, three groups of motion branches and movable bracket. The movable bracket includes bottom platform, the bottom platform support frame and the bottom platform connector. The invention realizes multi-direction telescopic motion, and the magnetic flux of the coil is constantly changing, generating induced electromotive force. The vibration of piezoelectric beam causes the polarization of piezoelectric material and produces the output voltage. The invention uses parallel mechanism to introduce twelve piezoelectric beams, twelve permanent magnets and twenty-four coils in a small working space. The limited working space is fully utilized, and the combined working mode of piezoelectric energy collection technology and electromagnetic energy collection technology is adopted to make the overall power generation effect better, improve the power generation, and broaden the effective working bandwidth. | 1. A piezoelectric electromagnetic combined energy harvester based on parallel mechanism, comprising:
a fixed bracket (1), further comprising:
three fixed branches, wherein any two adjacent fixed branches are connected at 120° angel, configured to achieve even distribution of branches of a parallel mechanism;
a square hole located one each of the fixed branch to reduce weight; and
six bolt holes located in the center of the fixed bracket (1), configured to fixedly connecting with an external platform through bolt connection;
three groups of motion branches of identical structure, each motion branch comprising:
a fixed platform (2); further comprising:
four telescopic motion components; and
a motion platform (8); and
a movable bracket; further comprising:
a bottom platform connector (25);
a bottom platform (14); and
a bottom platform support frame (9);
wherein the fixed platform (2) of the motion branch is connected with the fixed bracket (1) through bolts; and wherein the movable bracket is connected with the three groups of the motion branches through the bottom platform connector (25);
each of the four telescopic motion components further comprises:
a Hooke universal joint (10);
a telescopic rod component; further comprising a telescopic rod component upper connector (17), a sleeve (6), a sleeve end cover (16), a motion guide rod (4), a motion rod spring (15), a permanent magnet (19), a magnet upper end cover (18), a magnet bottom end cover (20) and a coil (3);
a piezoelectric beam component; and
a ball hinge (24);
wherein the Hooke universal joint (10) and the fixed platform (2) are connected by a Hooke bracket clamp (11), the Hooke universal joint (10) is installed on a joint of the telescopic rod component upper connector (17) by bolts, the telescopic rod component is connected to the piezoelectric beam component by bolts, and the piezoelectric beam component and the ball hinge (24) are connected by bolts;
wherein the telescopic rod component upper connector (17) connects the sleeve (6) by bolts, the outer wall of the sleeve (6) is wrapped with the coil (3), the sleeve end cover (16) is annular and is configured to be installed on the end of the sleeve far away from the upper connector (17); the motion guide rod (4) is extended into the sleeve (6) through a center hole on the sleeve end cover (16), and is configured to perform telescopic movement within sleeve (6); the top of the motion guide rod (4) fixes the permanent magnet (19) between the magnet upper end cover (18) and the magnet lower end cover (20); the motion rod spring (15) is installed between the magnet lower end cover (20) and the sleeve (6); another motion rod spring (15) is installed between magnet upper end cover (18) and the top of the sleeve (6) inner wall; the initial position of the permanent magnet (19) is in the middle of the sleeve (6); when the harvester is stimulated by external excitation, the motion guide rod (4) is configured to make reciprocating telescopic motion along the inner wall of the sleeve (6); the motion rod spring (15) is configured to provide support and cushion to the motion rod (4), and the outer wall of the sleeve (6) is wound with the copper enameled coil (3); the permanent magnet (19) is configured to make reciprocating movement following the motion guide rod (4) on the inner wall of the sleeve (6), resulting in constantly changing magnetic flux inside the closed coil changes that generates induced electromotive force;
the piezoelectric beam component further comprises two piezoelectric beam clamps (7) and a piezoelectric beam (5);
the piezoelectric beam clamp (7) further comprises a fixed base (22), a fixed splint (21) and a movable splint (23); wherein the fixed base (22) and the motion guide rod (4) are connected by bolts; the fixed base (22) and the fixed splint (21) are fixedly connected by bolts; the movable splint (23) is configured to slide on the fixed base (22) through a slide groove on the fixed base (22), thus adjusting the distance between the fixed splint (21) and the movable splint (23);
the piezoelectric beam (5) further comprises a protective layer, a piezoelectric layer, and a base layer; wherein the piezoelectric beam (5) is clamped between fixed splint (21) and movable splint (23); the fixed splint (21), the movable splint (23) and the PVDF piezoelectric beam (5) are clamped and fixed by bolts; the protective layer is glued on the piezoelectric layer through conductive adhesive; the piezoelectric layer is glued on the base layer by conductive adhesive; wherein when the harvester is excited by external environment, the telescopic rod component is configured to make reciprocating movement; via the motion rod spring (15) within the telescopic rod component that provides cushion and support, a cushioning force is impacted to the PVDF piezoelectric beam (5) through the motion guide rod (4); the flexible PVDF piezoelectric beam (5) is configured to continuously bend and deform under the cushioning force resulting in the polarization of piezoelectric material to generate electricity;
wherein the ball hinge (24) connects the piezoelectric beam component through bolts, and connects the motion platform (8) through bolts; wherein the bottom platform (14) and the motion platform (8) are connected by bolts through the bottom platform connector (25); the bottom platform support frame (9) is configured to connect to the bottom platform (14) by bolts and to transfer vibration excitation from external environment to the harvester for energy collection. 2. The piezoelectric electromagnetic combined energy harvester based on parallel mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric beam clamp (7) is configured to clamp piezoelectric beams of different thickness. 3. The piezoelectric electromagnetic combined energy harvester based on parallel mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the protective layer comprises polyester, the piezoelectric layer comprises polarized PVDF, and the base layer comprises one chosen from the group of carbon fiber, steel, and aluminum alloy. | The invention provides a piezoelectric electromagnetic combined energy harvester based on parallel mechanism. The harvester includes fixed bracket, three groups of motion branches and movable bracket. The movable bracket includes bottom platform, the bottom platform support frame and the bottom platform connector. The invention realizes multi-direction telescopic motion, and the magnetic flux of the coil is constantly changing, generating induced electromotive force. The vibration of piezoelectric beam causes the polarization of piezoelectric material and produces the output voltage. The invention uses parallel mechanism to introduce twelve piezoelectric beams, twelve permanent magnets and twenty-four coils in a small working space. The limited working space is fully utilized, and the combined working mode of piezoelectric energy collection technology and electromagnetic energy collection technology is adopted to make the overall power generation effect better, improve the power generation, and broaden the effective working bandwidth.1. A piezoelectric electromagnetic combined energy harvester based on parallel mechanism, comprising:
a fixed bracket (1), further comprising:
three fixed branches, wherein any two adjacent fixed branches are connected at 120° angel, configured to achieve even distribution of branches of a parallel mechanism;
a square hole located one each of the fixed branch to reduce weight; and
six bolt holes located in the center of the fixed bracket (1), configured to fixedly connecting with an external platform through bolt connection;
three groups of motion branches of identical structure, each motion branch comprising:
a fixed platform (2); further comprising:
four telescopic motion components; and
a motion platform (8); and
a movable bracket; further comprising:
a bottom platform connector (25);
a bottom platform (14); and
a bottom platform support frame (9);
wherein the fixed platform (2) of the motion branch is connected with the fixed bracket (1) through bolts; and wherein the movable bracket is connected with the three groups of the motion branches through the bottom platform connector (25);
each of the four telescopic motion components further comprises:
a Hooke universal joint (10);
a telescopic rod component; further comprising a telescopic rod component upper connector (17), a sleeve (6), a sleeve end cover (16), a motion guide rod (4), a motion rod spring (15), a permanent magnet (19), a magnet upper end cover (18), a magnet bottom end cover (20) and a coil (3);
a piezoelectric beam component; and
a ball hinge (24);
wherein the Hooke universal joint (10) and the fixed platform (2) are connected by a Hooke bracket clamp (11), the Hooke universal joint (10) is installed on a joint of the telescopic rod component upper connector (17) by bolts, the telescopic rod component is connected to the piezoelectric beam component by bolts, and the piezoelectric beam component and the ball hinge (24) are connected by bolts;
wherein the telescopic rod component upper connector (17) connects the sleeve (6) by bolts, the outer wall of the sleeve (6) is wrapped with the coil (3), the sleeve end cover (16) is annular and is configured to be installed on the end of the sleeve far away from the upper connector (17); the motion guide rod (4) is extended into the sleeve (6) through a center hole on the sleeve end cover (16), and is configured to perform telescopic movement within sleeve (6); the top of the motion guide rod (4) fixes the permanent magnet (19) between the magnet upper end cover (18) and the magnet lower end cover (20); the motion rod spring (15) is installed between the magnet lower end cover (20) and the sleeve (6); another motion rod spring (15) is installed between magnet upper end cover (18) and the top of the sleeve (6) inner wall; the initial position of the permanent magnet (19) is in the middle of the sleeve (6); when the harvester is stimulated by external excitation, the motion guide rod (4) is configured to make reciprocating telescopic motion along the inner wall of the sleeve (6); the motion rod spring (15) is configured to provide support and cushion to the motion rod (4), and the outer wall of the sleeve (6) is wound with the copper enameled coil (3); the permanent magnet (19) is configured to make reciprocating movement following the motion guide rod (4) on the inner wall of the sleeve (6), resulting in constantly changing magnetic flux inside the closed coil changes that generates induced electromotive force;
the piezoelectric beam component further comprises two piezoelectric beam clamps (7) and a piezoelectric beam (5);
the piezoelectric beam clamp (7) further comprises a fixed base (22), a fixed splint (21) and a movable splint (23); wherein the fixed base (22) and the motion guide rod (4) are connected by bolts; the fixed base (22) and the fixed splint (21) are fixedly connected by bolts; the movable splint (23) is configured to slide on the fixed base (22) through a slide groove on the fixed base (22), thus adjusting the distance between the fixed splint (21) and the movable splint (23);
the piezoelectric beam (5) further comprises a protective layer, a piezoelectric layer, and a base layer; wherein the piezoelectric beam (5) is clamped between fixed splint (21) and movable splint (23); the fixed splint (21), the movable splint (23) and the PVDF piezoelectric beam (5) are clamped and fixed by bolts; the protective layer is glued on the piezoelectric layer through conductive adhesive; the piezoelectric layer is glued on the base layer by conductive adhesive; wherein when the harvester is excited by external environment, the telescopic rod component is configured to make reciprocating movement; via the motion rod spring (15) within the telescopic rod component that provides cushion and support, a cushioning force is impacted to the PVDF piezoelectric beam (5) through the motion guide rod (4); the flexible PVDF piezoelectric beam (5) is configured to continuously bend and deform under the cushioning force resulting in the polarization of piezoelectric material to generate electricity;
wherein the ball hinge (24) connects the piezoelectric beam component through bolts, and connects the motion platform (8) through bolts; wherein the bottom platform (14) and the motion platform (8) are connected by bolts through the bottom platform connector (25); the bottom platform support frame (9) is configured to connect to the bottom platform (14) by bolts and to transfer vibration excitation from external environment to the harvester for energy collection. 2. The piezoelectric electromagnetic combined energy harvester based on parallel mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric beam clamp (7) is configured to clamp piezoelectric beams of different thickness. 3. The piezoelectric electromagnetic combined energy harvester based on parallel mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the protective layer comprises polyester, the piezoelectric layer comprises polarized PVDF, and the base layer comprises one chosen from the group of carbon fiber, steel, and aluminum alloy. | 1,600 |
340,848 | 16,642,310 | 1,652 | A vehicle window pane having a plate-like window pane body which has an outer side which faces the surroundings of the vehicle and an inner side which faces away from the outer side and to which a composite is connected, the composite having a layer structure which may have multiple layers disposed one on top of the other, one of the layers having a liquid crystal arrangement having two films and a liquid crystal cell disposed between the two films, and another one of the layers being a polarizer layer. At least one layer of the layer structure can be a compensation layer whose area is smaller than the area of the liquid crystal arrangement, the liquid crystal cell thus having an edge portion which is thicker than a central portion covered by the compensation layer. | 1. A vehicle window pane comprising:
a plate-like window pane body which has an outer side which faces the surroundings of the vehicle and an inner side which faces away from the outer side and to which a composite is connected, the composite having a layer structure which comprises multiple layers disposed one on top of the other, one of the layers comprising a liquid crystal arrangement which comprises two films and a liquid crystal cell disposed between the two films, and another one of the layers being a polarizer layer, wherein at least one layer of the layer structure is a displacement layer whose area is smaller than the area of the liquid crystal arrangement, the liquid crystal cell thus having an edge portion which is thicker than a central portion covered by the displacement layer. 2. The vehicle window pane of claim 1, wherein the displacement layer is formed by the polarizer layer. 3. The vehicle window pane of claim 1, wherein the displacement layer is formed by an additional film. 4. The vehicle window pane of claim 3, wherein the additional layer is adjacent to the liquid crystal arrangement. 5. The vehicle window pane of claim 3, wherein the additional layer is adjacent to the polarizer layer. 6. The vehicle window pane of claim 3, wherein the additional layer is disposed between the liquid crystal arrangement and the polarizer layer. 7. The vehicle window pane of claim 3, wherein the additional layer has a thickness between 10 μm and 500 μm. 8. The vehicle window pane of claim 1, wherein a window pane inner body is glued to the layer structure. 9. The vehicle window pane of claim 8, wherein the additional layer is adjacent to the window pane inner body. 10. The vehicle window pane of claim 1, wherein the layer structure comprises an adhesive layer for being connected to the window pane body. 11. The vehicle window pane of claim 1, wherein the layer structure comprises an adhesive layer between the liquid crystal arrangement and the polarizer layer. 12. The vehicle window pane of claim 10, wherein the adhesive layer is made of at least one of a layer selected from the group consisting of an acrylate layer, a layer of thermo-plastic polyurethane, an epoxy layer, a silicone layer, a polyethylene layer and of a layer of a cross-linking material, such as ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) or polyvinyl butyral (PVB). 13. The vehicle window pane of claim 3, wherein the additional layer is made of at least one of a layer selected from the group consisting of an acrylate layer, a layer of thermoplastic polyurethane, an epoxy layer, a silicone layer, a polyethylene layer or of a layer of a cross-linking material, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and of a transparent plastic film, which consists of one of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC) or a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC). 14. The vehicle window pane of claim 1, wherein the edge portion of the liquid crystal cell has a width between 5 mm and 40 mm. 15. The vehicle window pane of claim 1, wherein the layer structure has a circumferential edge which is surrounded by an edge sealing, which consists a film structure. | A vehicle window pane having a plate-like window pane body which has an outer side which faces the surroundings of the vehicle and an inner side which faces away from the outer side and to which a composite is connected, the composite having a layer structure which may have multiple layers disposed one on top of the other, one of the layers having a liquid crystal arrangement having two films and a liquid crystal cell disposed between the two films, and another one of the layers being a polarizer layer. At least one layer of the layer structure can be a compensation layer whose area is smaller than the area of the liquid crystal arrangement, the liquid crystal cell thus having an edge portion which is thicker than a central portion covered by the compensation layer.1. A vehicle window pane comprising:
a plate-like window pane body which has an outer side which faces the surroundings of the vehicle and an inner side which faces away from the outer side and to which a composite is connected, the composite having a layer structure which comprises multiple layers disposed one on top of the other, one of the layers comprising a liquid crystal arrangement which comprises two films and a liquid crystal cell disposed between the two films, and another one of the layers being a polarizer layer, wherein at least one layer of the layer structure is a displacement layer whose area is smaller than the area of the liquid crystal arrangement, the liquid crystal cell thus having an edge portion which is thicker than a central portion covered by the displacement layer. 2. The vehicle window pane of claim 1, wherein the displacement layer is formed by the polarizer layer. 3. The vehicle window pane of claim 1, wherein the displacement layer is formed by an additional film. 4. The vehicle window pane of claim 3, wherein the additional layer is adjacent to the liquid crystal arrangement. 5. The vehicle window pane of claim 3, wherein the additional layer is adjacent to the polarizer layer. 6. The vehicle window pane of claim 3, wherein the additional layer is disposed between the liquid crystal arrangement and the polarizer layer. 7. The vehicle window pane of claim 3, wherein the additional layer has a thickness between 10 μm and 500 μm. 8. The vehicle window pane of claim 1, wherein a window pane inner body is glued to the layer structure. 9. The vehicle window pane of claim 8, wherein the additional layer is adjacent to the window pane inner body. 10. The vehicle window pane of claim 1, wherein the layer structure comprises an adhesive layer for being connected to the window pane body. 11. The vehicle window pane of claim 1, wherein the layer structure comprises an adhesive layer between the liquid crystal arrangement and the polarizer layer. 12. The vehicle window pane of claim 10, wherein the adhesive layer is made of at least one of a layer selected from the group consisting of an acrylate layer, a layer of thermo-plastic polyurethane, an epoxy layer, a silicone layer, a polyethylene layer and of a layer of a cross-linking material, such as ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) or polyvinyl butyral (PVB). 13. The vehicle window pane of claim 3, wherein the additional layer is made of at least one of a layer selected from the group consisting of an acrylate layer, a layer of thermoplastic polyurethane, an epoxy layer, a silicone layer, a polyethylene layer or of a layer of a cross-linking material, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and of a transparent plastic film, which consists of one of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC) or a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC). 14. The vehicle window pane of claim 1, wherein the edge portion of the liquid crystal cell has a width between 5 mm and 40 mm. 15. The vehicle window pane of claim 1, wherein the layer structure has a circumferential edge which is surrounded by an edge sealing, which consists a film structure. | 1,600 |
340,849 | 16,642,316 | 1,652 | Disclosed are a method of manufacturing a polyethylene membrane comprising: stretching a polyethylene film in a first direction during a first stretching; attaching a plurality of rods on side edges of the polyethylene film; attaching a tape on the polyethylene film; stretching the polyethylene film having the rods attached thereto in a second direction during a second stretching; and annealing the polyethylene film after the second stretching. The second direction can be a transverse direction of the first direction, and the first stretching and the second stretching can be performed at the same (or higher) temperature and the same stretching speed as each other. | 1. A polyethylene membrane, comprising:
a plurality of biaxially oriented polymer chains, wherein a thickness of the polyethylene membrane is 100 nanometers (nm) or less. 2. The polyethylene membrane according to claim 1, wherein orientations of the polymer chains are isotropic in a two-dimensional plane perpendicular to a direction of the thickness of the polyethylene membrane. 3. The polyethylene membrane according to claim 1, wherein preferred orientations of the polymer chains in a two-dimensional plane perpendicular to a direction of the thickness of the polyethylene membrane. 4. The polyethylene membrane according to claim 1, wherein the polyethylene membrane comprises a plurality of pores with a pore diameter in a range of 5 nm to 100 nm. 5. The polyethylene membrane according to claim 1, wherein the polyethylene membrane is a free-standing film. 6. The polyethylene membrane according to claim 1, wherein the polyethylene membrane has a maximum stress of at least 300 mega-Pascal (MPa). 7. The polyethylene membrane according to claim 1, wherein the polyethylene membrane has a Young's Modulus of at least 500 MPa. 8. The polyethylene membrane according to claim 1, wherein the polyethylene membrane has a UV-vis transmission of at least 50% with respect to 200 nm wavelength light and at least 95% with respect to 1100 nm wavelength light. 9. A method of manufacturing a polyethylene membrane, the method comprising:
stretching a polyethylene film in a first direction during a first stretching; and stretching the polyethylene film in a second direction during a second stretching, wherein the second direction is a transverse direction of the first direction. 10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising performing a post-stretching annealing of the polyethylene film after the second stretching. 11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising, after the first stretching and before the second stretching, attaching a plurality of elastic films on side edges of the polyethylene film, including attaching a first elastic film on a first side edge of the polyethylene film and a second elastic film on a second side edge of the polyethylene film. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of elastic films are made of an elastomer including at least one of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). 13. The method according to claim 11, further comprising, after the first stretching and before the second stretching, attaching a tape on the polyethylene film. 14. The method according to claim 10, further comprising, before the first stretching, attaching a tape on the polyethylene film. 15. The method according to claim 10, wherein the first stretching is performed at a temperature of 100-130° C. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the polyethylene film is stretched in the first direction such that the stretching ratio is between 10 and 180 times at a speed of 100-10000%/min. 17. The method according to claim 10, wherein, during the first stretching, a gauge length of the polyethylene film is extended from 10 mm to 200 mm at a speed of 500%/min after 10 minutes of conditioning. 18. The method according to claim 10, wherein the second stretching is performed at a same temperature as or higher temperature than the first stretching, and wherein the second stretching is performed at a same stretching speed as the first stretching. 19. The method according to claim 10, wherein the post-stretching annealing is performed at a temperature of 100-145° C. for 5-15 minutes. 20. The method according to claim 9, wherein the second stretching is performed after the first stretching without any annealing performed before the second stretching. 21. The method according to claim 9, wherein the first stretching and the second stretching are performed simultaneously biaxially. 22. A method of manufacturing a polyethylene membrane, the method comprising:
stretching a polyethylene film in a first direction during a first stretching; attaching a plurality of elastic films on side edges of the polyethylene film, including attaching a first elastic film on a first side edge of the polyethylene film and a second elastic film on a second side edge of the polyethylene film; stretching the polyethylene film, having the plurality of elastic films attached thereto, in a second direction during a second stretching; and annealing the polyethylene film after the second stretching, wherein the second direction is a transverse direction of the first direction, wherein the second stretching is performed at a same temperature as the first stretching, and wherein the second stretching is performed at a same stretching speed as the first stretching. | Disclosed are a method of manufacturing a polyethylene membrane comprising: stretching a polyethylene film in a first direction during a first stretching; attaching a plurality of rods on side edges of the polyethylene film; attaching a tape on the polyethylene film; stretching the polyethylene film having the rods attached thereto in a second direction during a second stretching; and annealing the polyethylene film after the second stretching. The second direction can be a transverse direction of the first direction, and the first stretching and the second stretching can be performed at the same (or higher) temperature and the same stretching speed as each other.1. A polyethylene membrane, comprising:
a plurality of biaxially oriented polymer chains, wherein a thickness of the polyethylene membrane is 100 nanometers (nm) or less. 2. The polyethylene membrane according to claim 1, wherein orientations of the polymer chains are isotropic in a two-dimensional plane perpendicular to a direction of the thickness of the polyethylene membrane. 3. The polyethylene membrane according to claim 1, wherein preferred orientations of the polymer chains in a two-dimensional plane perpendicular to a direction of the thickness of the polyethylene membrane. 4. The polyethylene membrane according to claim 1, wherein the polyethylene membrane comprises a plurality of pores with a pore diameter in a range of 5 nm to 100 nm. 5. The polyethylene membrane according to claim 1, wherein the polyethylene membrane is a free-standing film. 6. The polyethylene membrane according to claim 1, wherein the polyethylene membrane has a maximum stress of at least 300 mega-Pascal (MPa). 7. The polyethylene membrane according to claim 1, wherein the polyethylene membrane has a Young's Modulus of at least 500 MPa. 8. The polyethylene membrane according to claim 1, wherein the polyethylene membrane has a UV-vis transmission of at least 50% with respect to 200 nm wavelength light and at least 95% with respect to 1100 nm wavelength light. 9. A method of manufacturing a polyethylene membrane, the method comprising:
stretching a polyethylene film in a first direction during a first stretching; and stretching the polyethylene film in a second direction during a second stretching, wherein the second direction is a transverse direction of the first direction. 10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising performing a post-stretching annealing of the polyethylene film after the second stretching. 11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising, after the first stretching and before the second stretching, attaching a plurality of elastic films on side edges of the polyethylene film, including attaching a first elastic film on a first side edge of the polyethylene film and a second elastic film on a second side edge of the polyethylene film. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of elastic films are made of an elastomer including at least one of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). 13. The method according to claim 11, further comprising, after the first stretching and before the second stretching, attaching a tape on the polyethylene film. 14. The method according to claim 10, further comprising, before the first stretching, attaching a tape on the polyethylene film. 15. The method according to claim 10, wherein the first stretching is performed at a temperature of 100-130° C. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the polyethylene film is stretched in the first direction such that the stretching ratio is between 10 and 180 times at a speed of 100-10000%/min. 17. The method according to claim 10, wherein, during the first stretching, a gauge length of the polyethylene film is extended from 10 mm to 200 mm at a speed of 500%/min after 10 minutes of conditioning. 18. The method according to claim 10, wherein the second stretching is performed at a same temperature as or higher temperature than the first stretching, and wherein the second stretching is performed at a same stretching speed as the first stretching. 19. The method according to claim 10, wherein the post-stretching annealing is performed at a temperature of 100-145° C. for 5-15 minutes. 20. The method according to claim 9, wherein the second stretching is performed after the first stretching without any annealing performed before the second stretching. 21. The method according to claim 9, wherein the first stretching and the second stretching are performed simultaneously biaxially. 22. A method of manufacturing a polyethylene membrane, the method comprising:
stretching a polyethylene film in a first direction during a first stretching; attaching a plurality of elastic films on side edges of the polyethylene film, including attaching a first elastic film on a first side edge of the polyethylene film and a second elastic film on a second side edge of the polyethylene film; stretching the polyethylene film, having the plurality of elastic films attached thereto, in a second direction during a second stretching; and annealing the polyethylene film after the second stretching, wherein the second direction is a transverse direction of the first direction, wherein the second stretching is performed at a same temperature as the first stretching, and wherein the second stretching is performed at a same stretching speed as the first stretching. | 1,600 |
340,850 | 16,642,296 | 1,652 | The present disclosure relates to a connecting element and to a process for producing said connecting element. The present disclosure further relates to a connecting system and a device comprising said connecting element, and to a process for fixing said connecting element to a first component. The present disclosure further relates to the use of said connecting element and connecting system for friction-increasing connection of a first and a second component in energy generation, specifically in wind turbines and hydropower turbines, and in machine, plant, motor vehicle and aircraft construction. | 1. A connecting system, comprising
a connecting element, comprising a metal substrate having two opposite joining surfaces, wherein the joining surfaces are provided with hard particles, which are fixed on the metal substrate by means of a metallic binder layer, and wherein the metal substrate has at least one opening having an outer contour and an inner hole, and wherein at the outer contour of the opening there is at least one extension of the metal substrate, wherein the at least one extension is directed towards the inner hole of the opening, and at least one fastening element, wherein the number of fastening elements corresponds to the number of openings of the metal substrate of the connecting element, and wherein the at least one fastening element has a shaft and a head; wherein the diameter of the inner hole of the at least one opening is at least the major diameter of the shaft of the fastening element, multiplied by a factor of 1.05 and the diameter of the inner hole is at most the major diameter of the shaft of the fastening element, multiplied by a factor of 1.50 so that the shaft can be inserted into the inner hole of the at least one opening. 2. The connecting system of claim 1, wherein the diameter of the inner hole is at most the major diameter of the shaft of the fastening element, multiplied by a factor of 1.15. 3. The connecting system of claim 1, wherein the outer contour of the at least one opening of the metal substrate of the connecting element has a circumscribed circle, and wherein the diameter of the circumscribed circle is at least the outer diameter of the head of the fastening element and at most the outer diameter of the head of the fastening element multiplied by a factor of 2.0. 4. The connecting system of claim 1, wherein the connecting element is planar, and wherein the at least one extension extends in the plane of the connecting element. 5. The connecting system of claim 1, wherein the inner hole of the at least one opening is a central hole. 6. The connecting system of claim 1, wherein the at least one extension is provided with hard particles, which are fixed on the metal substrate by means of a metallic binder layer. 7. The connecting system of claim 1, wherein at least one portion of the metallic binder layer and optionally of the hard particles of at least one of the two opposite joining surfaces is coated with at least one layer of a coating material and wherein the coating material is a polymeric material. 8. The connecting system of claim 7, wherein the least one fastening element is a countersunk screw. 9. A device comprising the connecting system of claim 1, and a first component having a joining surface, wherein the first component has a recess having an upper part at the joining surface of the first component and a lower part, and wherein the lower part of the recess is a bore corresponding to the shaft of the fastening element, and wherein the upper part of the recess has a height being at least the sum of the height of the head of the fastening element and the thickness of the metal substrate and of the metallic binder layer, and wherein the upper part of the recess has a diameter at the joining surface being at least the sum of the diameter of the head of the fastening element and the thickness of the metal substrate and of the metallic binder layer. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the at least one fastening element is inserted in the inner hole of the at least one opening of the metal substrate and the bore of the first component, and wherein the fastening element is fastened, and wherein by fastening of the fastening element the at least one extension of the at least one opening is bent down and is lying at least partially below the head of the fastening element, thereby fixing the connecting element to the first component, and wherein the head of the fastening element after fastening the fastening element is not protruding from the connecting element. 11. The device of claim 10, further comprising a second component having a joining surface, and wherein the first and second component are frictionally joined with the connecting element. 12. A process for fixing the connecting system of claim 1 to a first component which has a joining surface, comprising
providing a number of the fastening elements corresponding to the number of openings of the metal substrate of the connecting element,
providing a recess in the first component, wherein the recess has an upper part at the joining surface and a lower part, and wherein the lower part of the recess is a bore corresponding to the shaft of the at least one fastening element of the connecting system, and wherein the upper part of the recess has a height being at least the sum of the height of the head of the fastening element and the thickness of the metal substrate and of the metallic binder layer, and wherein the upper part of the recess has a diameter at the joining surface being at least the sum of the diameter of the head of the fastening element and the thickness of the metal substrate and of the metallic binder layer,
inserting the shaft of the fastening element into the inner hole of the at least one opening of the metal substrate and the bore of the first component,
fastening the fastening element,
bending down the at least one extension of the at least one opening by fastening the fastening element, and causing the at least one extension to lie at least partially below the head of the fastening element by fastening the fastening element,
thereby fixing the connecting element to the first component, 13. A process for producing the connecting system of claim 1, comprising
providing a metal substrate having two opposite joining surfaces, providing in the metal substrate at least one opening having an outer contour and an inner hole, wherein at the outer contour of the at least one opening there is at least one extension of the metallic substrate, wherein the at least one extension is directed towards the inner hole of the at least one opening, coating the joining surfaces with hard particles and fixing them on the metal substrate by means of a metallic binder layer; and providing at least one fastening element, wherein the number of fastening elements corresponds to the number of openings of the metal substrate of the connecting element, and wherein the at least one fastening element has a shaft and a head; wherein the diameter of the inner hole of the at least one opening is at least the major diameter of the shaft of the fastening element so that the shaft can be inserted into the inner hole of the at least one opening. 14. (canceled) | The present disclosure relates to a connecting element and to a process for producing said connecting element. The present disclosure further relates to a connecting system and a device comprising said connecting element, and to a process for fixing said connecting element to a first component. The present disclosure further relates to the use of said connecting element and connecting system for friction-increasing connection of a first and a second component in energy generation, specifically in wind turbines and hydropower turbines, and in machine, plant, motor vehicle and aircraft construction.1. A connecting system, comprising
a connecting element, comprising a metal substrate having two opposite joining surfaces, wherein the joining surfaces are provided with hard particles, which are fixed on the metal substrate by means of a metallic binder layer, and wherein the metal substrate has at least one opening having an outer contour and an inner hole, and wherein at the outer contour of the opening there is at least one extension of the metal substrate, wherein the at least one extension is directed towards the inner hole of the opening, and at least one fastening element, wherein the number of fastening elements corresponds to the number of openings of the metal substrate of the connecting element, and wherein the at least one fastening element has a shaft and a head; wherein the diameter of the inner hole of the at least one opening is at least the major diameter of the shaft of the fastening element, multiplied by a factor of 1.05 and the diameter of the inner hole is at most the major diameter of the shaft of the fastening element, multiplied by a factor of 1.50 so that the shaft can be inserted into the inner hole of the at least one opening. 2. The connecting system of claim 1, wherein the diameter of the inner hole is at most the major diameter of the shaft of the fastening element, multiplied by a factor of 1.15. 3. The connecting system of claim 1, wherein the outer contour of the at least one opening of the metal substrate of the connecting element has a circumscribed circle, and wherein the diameter of the circumscribed circle is at least the outer diameter of the head of the fastening element and at most the outer diameter of the head of the fastening element multiplied by a factor of 2.0. 4. The connecting system of claim 1, wherein the connecting element is planar, and wherein the at least one extension extends in the plane of the connecting element. 5. The connecting system of claim 1, wherein the inner hole of the at least one opening is a central hole. 6. The connecting system of claim 1, wherein the at least one extension is provided with hard particles, which are fixed on the metal substrate by means of a metallic binder layer. 7. The connecting system of claim 1, wherein at least one portion of the metallic binder layer and optionally of the hard particles of at least one of the two opposite joining surfaces is coated with at least one layer of a coating material and wherein the coating material is a polymeric material. 8. The connecting system of claim 7, wherein the least one fastening element is a countersunk screw. 9. A device comprising the connecting system of claim 1, and a first component having a joining surface, wherein the first component has a recess having an upper part at the joining surface of the first component and a lower part, and wherein the lower part of the recess is a bore corresponding to the shaft of the fastening element, and wherein the upper part of the recess has a height being at least the sum of the height of the head of the fastening element and the thickness of the metal substrate and of the metallic binder layer, and wherein the upper part of the recess has a diameter at the joining surface being at least the sum of the diameter of the head of the fastening element and the thickness of the metal substrate and of the metallic binder layer. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the at least one fastening element is inserted in the inner hole of the at least one opening of the metal substrate and the bore of the first component, and wherein the fastening element is fastened, and wherein by fastening of the fastening element the at least one extension of the at least one opening is bent down and is lying at least partially below the head of the fastening element, thereby fixing the connecting element to the first component, and wherein the head of the fastening element after fastening the fastening element is not protruding from the connecting element. 11. The device of claim 10, further comprising a second component having a joining surface, and wherein the first and second component are frictionally joined with the connecting element. 12. A process for fixing the connecting system of claim 1 to a first component which has a joining surface, comprising
providing a number of the fastening elements corresponding to the number of openings of the metal substrate of the connecting element,
providing a recess in the first component, wherein the recess has an upper part at the joining surface and a lower part, and wherein the lower part of the recess is a bore corresponding to the shaft of the at least one fastening element of the connecting system, and wherein the upper part of the recess has a height being at least the sum of the height of the head of the fastening element and the thickness of the metal substrate and of the metallic binder layer, and wherein the upper part of the recess has a diameter at the joining surface being at least the sum of the diameter of the head of the fastening element and the thickness of the metal substrate and of the metallic binder layer,
inserting the shaft of the fastening element into the inner hole of the at least one opening of the metal substrate and the bore of the first component,
fastening the fastening element,
bending down the at least one extension of the at least one opening by fastening the fastening element, and causing the at least one extension to lie at least partially below the head of the fastening element by fastening the fastening element,
thereby fixing the connecting element to the first component, 13. A process for producing the connecting system of claim 1, comprising
providing a metal substrate having two opposite joining surfaces, providing in the metal substrate at least one opening having an outer contour and an inner hole, wherein at the outer contour of the at least one opening there is at least one extension of the metallic substrate, wherein the at least one extension is directed towards the inner hole of the at least one opening, coating the joining surfaces with hard particles and fixing them on the metal substrate by means of a metallic binder layer; and providing at least one fastening element, wherein the number of fastening elements corresponds to the number of openings of the metal substrate of the connecting element, and wherein the at least one fastening element has a shaft and a head; wherein the diameter of the inner hole of the at least one opening is at least the major diameter of the shaft of the fastening element so that the shaft can be inserted into the inner hole of the at least one opening. 14. (canceled) | 1,600 |
340,851 | 16,642,322 | 1,652 | In a method for treatment of waste water, a module (5) is used which includes a number of carrier elements (7) arranged in a sandwich structure and configured to be perfused a flow of waste water. The module (5) further has a number of partitions (8) arranged between carrier elements (7) and configured to direct the flow of waste water through the module (5). The module (5) may also be used in a system together with an air supplying device (20) and a waste water vessel. The air is supplied to the module (5) by the air supplying device (20). | 1. A module for treatment of waste water, comprising:
a number of carrier elements arranged in a sandwich structure, said carrier elements being configured to be perfused by a flow of waste water; and a number of partitions arranged between said carrier elements, said partitions being configured to direct the flow of waste water through the module. 2. The module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carrier elements and the partitions are configured to be covered by microbial growth. 3. The module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the partitions are arranged to direct the flow of water in a meandering manner through the module. 4. The module as claimed in claim 1, wherein each carrier element comprises a plate of irregularly twisted filaments. 5. The module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the partitions comprise sheets of geo textile. 6. The module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the partitions are semi-permeable to water. 7. The module as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a distribution pipe for delivering the waste water to the module. 8. The module as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an air inlet channel and an air outlet channel for supplying oxygen to microbes. 9. A method for treatment of waste water, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a module according to claim 1; b) supplying waste water to the module, wherein the water travels through the module. 10. The method as claimed in claim 9, further comprising the step of providing a suitable environment for microbial growth in the module, preferably by supplying oxygen and moist to the module. 11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the water partly passes through the partitions and partly travels through the carrier elements of the module such that the water passes the microbes purifying the water. 12. The method as claimed in claim 9, further comprising the step of supplying air to the module by means of an air supplying device. 13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising the step of leading the air supplied to the module by the air supplying device through an air conduit, such that said air is diverted from said module into a waste water vessel. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein air is supplied to generate an overpressure in the vessel, such that ventilation of said vessel is eased. 15. A carrier element to be included in a waste water treatment module as claimed in claim 1, said carrier element comprising irregularly twisted filaments. 16. (canceled) 17. A waste water treatment system, comprising a waste water vessel and at least one module as claimed in claim 1. 18. A ventilated system for waste water treatment, comprising a waste water vessel, a waste water treatment module as claimed in claim 1, an air supplying device connected to an air inlet channel of the module, and an air conduit configured to lead air from an air outlet channel of said module to an air inlet of said vessel. 19. The system according to claim 18, wherein the waste water vessel is arranged at least partly below a ground level. 20. The system according to claim 18, wherein the waste water vessel is a septic tank or a sludge separator. 21. The system according to claim 18, wherein the module is configured to receive air through said air inlet channel and to lead said air out of the module through said air outlet channel. 22. The system according to claim 18, wherein a first end portion of said air conduit is connected to the air outlet channel of the module, and wherein a second end portion of said air conduit is connected to said waste water vessel. 23. The system according to claim 18, wherein said air inlet of the vessel is located above a water level of the vessel. 24. The system according to claim 18, wherein the vessel further comprises an air outlet configured to lead air to a ventilation valve. 25. The system according to claim 18, wherein the module is arranged in a bio bed. 26. The system according to claim 18, wherein the air supplying device is one of a compressor, a membrane pump or an air pump. 27. A kit for providing ventilation to a waste water treatment system including a waste water treatment module and a waste water vessel,
said waste water treatment module, comprising a number of carrier elements arranged in a sandwich structure, said carrier elements being configured to be perfused by a flow of waste water; and a number of partitions arranged between said carrier elements, said partitions being configured to direct the flow of waste water through the module; and said kit comprising an air supplying device and an air conduit configured to feed air from the waste water treatment module to the waste water vessel. 28. (canceled) | In a method for treatment of waste water, a module (5) is used which includes a number of carrier elements (7) arranged in a sandwich structure and configured to be perfused a flow of waste water. The module (5) further has a number of partitions (8) arranged between carrier elements (7) and configured to direct the flow of waste water through the module (5). The module (5) may also be used in a system together with an air supplying device (20) and a waste water vessel. The air is supplied to the module (5) by the air supplying device (20).1. A module for treatment of waste water, comprising:
a number of carrier elements arranged in a sandwich structure, said carrier elements being configured to be perfused by a flow of waste water; and a number of partitions arranged between said carrier elements, said partitions being configured to direct the flow of waste water through the module. 2. The module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carrier elements and the partitions are configured to be covered by microbial growth. 3. The module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the partitions are arranged to direct the flow of water in a meandering manner through the module. 4. The module as claimed in claim 1, wherein each carrier element comprises a plate of irregularly twisted filaments. 5. The module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the partitions comprise sheets of geo textile. 6. The module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the partitions are semi-permeable to water. 7. The module as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a distribution pipe for delivering the waste water to the module. 8. The module as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an air inlet channel and an air outlet channel for supplying oxygen to microbes. 9. A method for treatment of waste water, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a module according to claim 1; b) supplying waste water to the module, wherein the water travels through the module. 10. The method as claimed in claim 9, further comprising the step of providing a suitable environment for microbial growth in the module, preferably by supplying oxygen and moist to the module. 11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the water partly passes through the partitions and partly travels through the carrier elements of the module such that the water passes the microbes purifying the water. 12. The method as claimed in claim 9, further comprising the step of supplying air to the module by means of an air supplying device. 13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising the step of leading the air supplied to the module by the air supplying device through an air conduit, such that said air is diverted from said module into a waste water vessel. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein air is supplied to generate an overpressure in the vessel, such that ventilation of said vessel is eased. 15. A carrier element to be included in a waste water treatment module as claimed in claim 1, said carrier element comprising irregularly twisted filaments. 16. (canceled) 17. A waste water treatment system, comprising a waste water vessel and at least one module as claimed in claim 1. 18. A ventilated system for waste water treatment, comprising a waste water vessel, a waste water treatment module as claimed in claim 1, an air supplying device connected to an air inlet channel of the module, and an air conduit configured to lead air from an air outlet channel of said module to an air inlet of said vessel. 19. The system according to claim 18, wherein the waste water vessel is arranged at least partly below a ground level. 20. The system according to claim 18, wherein the waste water vessel is a septic tank or a sludge separator. 21. The system according to claim 18, wherein the module is configured to receive air through said air inlet channel and to lead said air out of the module through said air outlet channel. 22. The system according to claim 18, wherein a first end portion of said air conduit is connected to the air outlet channel of the module, and wherein a second end portion of said air conduit is connected to said waste water vessel. 23. The system according to claim 18, wherein said air inlet of the vessel is located above a water level of the vessel. 24. The system according to claim 18, wherein the vessel further comprises an air outlet configured to lead air to a ventilation valve. 25. The system according to claim 18, wherein the module is arranged in a bio bed. 26. The system according to claim 18, wherein the air supplying device is one of a compressor, a membrane pump or an air pump. 27. A kit for providing ventilation to a waste water treatment system including a waste water treatment module and a waste water vessel,
said waste water treatment module, comprising a number of carrier elements arranged in a sandwich structure, said carrier elements being configured to be perfused by a flow of waste water; and a number of partitions arranged between said carrier elements, said partitions being configured to direct the flow of waste water through the module; and said kit comprising an air supplying device and an air conduit configured to feed air from the waste water treatment module to the waste water vessel. 28. (canceled) | 1,600 |
340,852 | 16,642,317 | 1,652 | An adhesive composition, including at least polymer containing silane groups, between 15 and 35 wt.-% of at least one polymeric plasiticzer, between 0.5 and 2.5 wt.-% of at least one monomeric or oligomeric aminofunctional alkoxysilane S1 with a nitrogen content of between 4.5 and 14.5 wt.-%, and between 0.5 and 2.5 wt.-% of at least one oligomeric aminofunctional alkoxysilane S2 with a nitrogen content of between 15 and 20 wt.-%. The adhesive composition is particularly suitable to seal or bond thermoplastic substrates, such as polyolefins or bituminous materials, and shows fast adhesion build-up and low volatile organic carbon (VOC). | 1. An adhesive composition, comprising
at least one polymer P containing silane groups; between 15 and 35 wt.-%, based on the total composition, of at least one polymeric plasiticzer PL; between 0.5 and 2.5 wt.-%, based on the total composition, of at least one monomeric or oligomeric aminofunctional alkoxysilane S1 with a nitrogen content of between 4.5 and 14.5 wt.-%, based on the total weight of S1; between 0.5 and 2.5 wt.-%, based on the total composition, of at least one oligomeric aminofunctional alkoxysilane S2 with a nitrogen content of between 15 and 20 wt.-%, based on the total weight of S2. 2. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymer P containing silane groups is a polyorganosiloxane having terminal silane groups. 3. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymer P containing silane groups is an organic polymer containing silane groups. 4. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the organic polymer P containing silane groups is a polyurethane, polyolefin, polyester, polycarbonate, polyamide, poly(meth)acrylate or polyether or a mixed form of these polymers. 5. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymeric plasticizer PL is a polyether plasticizer. 6. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monomeric or oligomeric aminofunctional alkoxysilane S1 and/or the oligomeric aminofunctional alkoxysilane S2 comprise secondary amino groups. 7. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monomeric or oligomeric aminofunctional alkoxysilane S1 comprises N-(n-Butyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and/or an oligomer obtained from the condensation of N-(n-Butyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane with alkylalkoxysilanes. 8. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monomeric or oligomeric aminofunctional alkoxysilane S1 has a viscosity of between 2 and 40 mPa·s, measured at 20° C. according to DIN 53015. 9. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oligomeric aminofunctional alkoxysilane S2 comprises an oligomer obtained from the condensation of N-(n-Butyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. 10. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oligomeric aminofunctional alkoxysilane S2 has a viscosity of between 1500 and 3500 mPa·s, measured at 20° C. according to DIN 53015. 11. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises the polymer P with an amount of between 10 and 25 wt.-%, based on the total composition. 12. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition furthermore comprises between 0.5 and 2.5 wt.-% vinyl trimethoxysilane, based on the total composition. 13. A method of adhesively bonding or sealing a substrate, comprising applying an adhesive composition according to claim 1 to a substrate. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the substrates are selected from the group consisting of fluoropolymer-coated aluminum, rubber, poly(methyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, polyolefins, and polyethylene laminated with bituminous backside. 15. (canceled) | An adhesive composition, including at least polymer containing silane groups, between 15 and 35 wt.-% of at least one polymeric plasiticzer, between 0.5 and 2.5 wt.-% of at least one monomeric or oligomeric aminofunctional alkoxysilane S1 with a nitrogen content of between 4.5 and 14.5 wt.-%, and between 0.5 and 2.5 wt.-% of at least one oligomeric aminofunctional alkoxysilane S2 with a nitrogen content of between 15 and 20 wt.-%. The adhesive composition is particularly suitable to seal or bond thermoplastic substrates, such as polyolefins or bituminous materials, and shows fast adhesion build-up and low volatile organic carbon (VOC).1. An adhesive composition, comprising
at least one polymer P containing silane groups; between 15 and 35 wt.-%, based on the total composition, of at least one polymeric plasiticzer PL; between 0.5 and 2.5 wt.-%, based on the total composition, of at least one monomeric or oligomeric aminofunctional alkoxysilane S1 with a nitrogen content of between 4.5 and 14.5 wt.-%, based on the total weight of S1; between 0.5 and 2.5 wt.-%, based on the total composition, of at least one oligomeric aminofunctional alkoxysilane S2 with a nitrogen content of between 15 and 20 wt.-%, based on the total weight of S2. 2. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymer P containing silane groups is a polyorganosiloxane having terminal silane groups. 3. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymer P containing silane groups is an organic polymer containing silane groups. 4. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the organic polymer P containing silane groups is a polyurethane, polyolefin, polyester, polycarbonate, polyamide, poly(meth)acrylate or polyether or a mixed form of these polymers. 5. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymeric plasticizer PL is a polyether plasticizer. 6. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monomeric or oligomeric aminofunctional alkoxysilane S1 and/or the oligomeric aminofunctional alkoxysilane S2 comprise secondary amino groups. 7. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monomeric or oligomeric aminofunctional alkoxysilane S1 comprises N-(n-Butyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and/or an oligomer obtained from the condensation of N-(n-Butyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane with alkylalkoxysilanes. 8. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monomeric or oligomeric aminofunctional alkoxysilane S1 has a viscosity of between 2 and 40 mPa·s, measured at 20° C. according to DIN 53015. 9. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oligomeric aminofunctional alkoxysilane S2 comprises an oligomer obtained from the condensation of N-(n-Butyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. 10. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oligomeric aminofunctional alkoxysilane S2 has a viscosity of between 1500 and 3500 mPa·s, measured at 20° C. according to DIN 53015. 11. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises the polymer P with an amount of between 10 and 25 wt.-%, based on the total composition. 12. The adhesive composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition furthermore comprises between 0.5 and 2.5 wt.-% vinyl trimethoxysilane, based on the total composition. 13. A method of adhesively bonding or sealing a substrate, comprising applying an adhesive composition according to claim 1 to a substrate. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the substrates are selected from the group consisting of fluoropolymer-coated aluminum, rubber, poly(methyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, polyolefins, and polyethylene laminated with bituminous backside. 15. (canceled) | 1,600 |
340,853 | 16,642,315 | 1,652 | Disclosed is a system for testing batteries, comprising: a battery tester comprising: a tester scanner or camera for capturing an obtained battery identifier; a tester network hardware for transmitting the obtained battery identifier; and a server comprising: a database having data, the data comprising at least one historic battery identifier and associated historic battery characteristic and configured to compare the data with the obtained battery identifier; wherein the battery tester is configured to capture a battery identifier from a battery and transmit the battery identifier to the server. | 1. A system for testing batteries, comprising:
a battery tester comprising:
a tester scanner or camera for capturing an obtained battery identifier;
a tester network hardware for transmitting the obtained battery identifier;
a server comprising:
a database having data, the data comprising at least one historic battery identifier and associated historic battery characteristic and configured to compare the data with the obtained battery identifier;
wherein the battery tester is configured to capture a battery identifier from a battery and transmit the battery identifier to the server; wherein the battery identifier is a SKU or UPC. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a battery having a battery identifier and battery characteristics. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the battery tester further comprises testing hardware. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the battery identifier is displayed on the battery as a battery identifier designation comprising a two-dimensional barcode, QR code, SKU barcode, or UPC barcode. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the battery tester is configured to use the scanner or camera to capture the battery identifier using the battery identifier designation. 6. A method for testing batteries, the method comprising:
obtaining a battery identifier using a battery tester; transmitting the battery identifier to a server; checking to see if the battery identifier is in a database of battery identifier data on the server; if the battery identifier is in the database on the server, correlating the battery identifier to battery data; transmitting the battery data to the tester; populating the tester with the battery data; conducting a battery test using the battery tester. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising: if the battery identifier is not on the database on the server, prompting the user to populate battery data manually to create new battery data. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising: adding the new battery data to the database. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising obtaining battery test data using the battery tester, comparing the battery test data with the battery data and producing a result. 10. A system for providing battery health diagnostics, the system comprising: a battery tester comprising a scanner or camera, display, testing hardware, and network hardware, the battery tester in communication with a server comprising battery identifier data and battery characteristic data. 11. The system of claim 10, further comprising a battery comprising an individual battery identifier and individual battery characteristics. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the tester captures the battery individual battery identifier using the scanner or camera and transmits the battery individual battery identifier to the server using the tester network hardware. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the server compares the battery individual battery identifier to the server battery identifier data. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the battery testing hardware captures battery health characteristics. | Disclosed is a system for testing batteries, comprising: a battery tester comprising: a tester scanner or camera for capturing an obtained battery identifier; a tester network hardware for transmitting the obtained battery identifier; and a server comprising: a database having data, the data comprising at least one historic battery identifier and associated historic battery characteristic and configured to compare the data with the obtained battery identifier; wherein the battery tester is configured to capture a battery identifier from a battery and transmit the battery identifier to the server.1. A system for testing batteries, comprising:
a battery tester comprising:
a tester scanner or camera for capturing an obtained battery identifier;
a tester network hardware for transmitting the obtained battery identifier;
a server comprising:
a database having data, the data comprising at least one historic battery identifier and associated historic battery characteristic and configured to compare the data with the obtained battery identifier;
wherein the battery tester is configured to capture a battery identifier from a battery and transmit the battery identifier to the server; wherein the battery identifier is a SKU or UPC. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a battery having a battery identifier and battery characteristics. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the battery tester further comprises testing hardware. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the battery identifier is displayed on the battery as a battery identifier designation comprising a two-dimensional barcode, QR code, SKU barcode, or UPC barcode. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the battery tester is configured to use the scanner or camera to capture the battery identifier using the battery identifier designation. 6. A method for testing batteries, the method comprising:
obtaining a battery identifier using a battery tester; transmitting the battery identifier to a server; checking to see if the battery identifier is in a database of battery identifier data on the server; if the battery identifier is in the database on the server, correlating the battery identifier to battery data; transmitting the battery data to the tester; populating the tester with the battery data; conducting a battery test using the battery tester. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising: if the battery identifier is not on the database on the server, prompting the user to populate battery data manually to create new battery data. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising: adding the new battery data to the database. 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising obtaining battery test data using the battery tester, comparing the battery test data with the battery data and producing a result. 10. A system for providing battery health diagnostics, the system comprising: a battery tester comprising a scanner or camera, display, testing hardware, and network hardware, the battery tester in communication with a server comprising battery identifier data and battery characteristic data. 11. The system of claim 10, further comprising a battery comprising an individual battery identifier and individual battery characteristics. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the tester captures the battery individual battery identifier using the scanner or camera and transmits the battery individual battery identifier to the server using the tester network hardware. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the server compares the battery individual battery identifier to the server battery identifier data. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the battery testing hardware captures battery health characteristics. | 1,600 |
340,854 | 16,642,327 | 1,652 | Seed sensors for determining seed placement in a furrow to then target at least one of fluid and solid application with respect to the seed are described herein. Plant sensors for determining location of plants within a field and then targeting at least one of fluid and solid application with respect to the plant are also described herein. | 1. A material application system for selected application of the material comprising:
an implement for traversing a field; a sensor disposed on the implement, the sensor to detect seeds being dispensed from a seed meter when the seeds exit a seed tube or seed conveyor or after the seeds exit the seed tube or seed conveyor; and a material application system disposed on the implement and configured to apply material on the seed, adjacent to the seed, or to both on the seed and adjacent to the seed; and a control system for controlling the material application system based on the detected seeds. 2. The material application system of claim 1, wherein the control system controls material application based on implement speed during material application and seed spacing in a furrow. 3. The material application system of claim 1, wherein the sensor is mounted after the seed has exited the seed tube to sense the seed frequency. 4. The material application system of claim 1, wherein the material application system comprises a planter, and the sensor is mounted after the seed has exited the seed tube and mounted at one of the following locations including a bottom of the seed tube, a seed firmer bracket, within a disc spreader, within a seed firmer, a rear of a shank or between the shank and a closing system, and the closing system. 5. The material application system of claim 4, wherein the control system uses the sensed seed pulses to command the material application system to dispense the material either by synchronizing with the seed pulses or direct relationship between a sensed seed pulse and pulsed material application. 6. The material application system of claim 4, wherein the sensor is mounted at the bottom of the seed tube or seed conveyor. 7. The material application system of claim 4, wherein the sensor is mounted at a seed firmer bracket. 8. The material application system of claim 4, wherein the sensor is mounted within a disc spreader. 9. The material application system of claim 4, wherein the sensor is mounted within a seed firmer. 10. The material application system of claim 4, wherein the sensor is mounted rear of a shank or between the shank and a closing system. 11. The material application system of claim 4, wherein the sensor is mounted at the closing system. 12. The material application system of claim 1, wherein the material application system comprises a flow control valve and a pulsing valve, wherein the flow control valve regulates pressure and flow of fluid to the pulsing valve. 13. A planter system comprised of planting seeds and applying a material comprising:
a seeding meter for dispensing seed through a seed tube or other device; 14. The planter system of claim 13, wherein the material application system applies the material through a fluid applicator having at least one sidewall injection conduit and at least one of wing nozzles and center nozzles of a furrow device. 15. The planter system of claim 13, wherein the material application system applies the material through a fluid applicator having at least one sidewall injection conduit and a seed firmer. 16. The planter system of claim 13, wherein the material application system applies the material through a fluid applicator having at least one sidewall injection conduit and a seed firmer having a sensor. 17. A planter system for planting seeds and applying a material comprising:
a seeding meter for dispensing seed through a seed tube or other device; a sensor to detect seed or seed frequency including sensed seed pulses; a material application system to apply material in response to receiving a signal that is based on sensed seed pulses, the material application system dispenses the material with one or more dispensing devices containing at least first and second material dispensing locations; a flow diverting device to divert flow between first and second material dispensing locations to only dispense one location at a time; and a control system to use the sensed seed pulses to command the material application system to apply the material either by synchronizing with the seed pulses or a direct relationship between a sensed seed pulse and pulsed material application. 18. The planter system of claim 17, wherein the material application system comprises a downstream on-off pulse width modulated valve. 19. The planter system of claim 17, wherein the material application system comprises a voice coil actuated valve. 20. The planter system of claim 17, wherein the flow diverting device enables flow during a certain region of a field for a first material dispensing location and enables flow during a different region of a field for a second material dispensing location. 21. A planter system for planting seeds and applying a material comprising:
a seeding meter for dispensing seed through a seed tube or other device; a sensor to detect seed or seed frequency including sensed seed pulses; a material application system to apply the material in response to receiving a signal that is based on sensed seed pulses; a continuously rotating dispensing system having an orifice that opens and closes in response to rotation of the dispensing system; a control system to use the sensed seed pulses to command the material application system to dispense material by synchronizing the rotational speed of rotating dispensing system with a seed pulse frequency of the sensed seed pulses. 22. The planter system of claim 21, wherein the material application system comprises an upstream device to control flow by varying fluid restriction to control outlet pressure including one of a variable orifice flow control and a pump speed control system. 23. The planter system of claim 21, wherein the upstream device and the dispensing system for each row unit of the planter system are disposed on the row unit. 24. The planter system of claim 21, wherein dispensing system includes a downstream On-row device, 2-Row device on-off PWM valve, or rotary dispensing system to pulse a fluid stream. 25. A fluid system comprising:
at least one applicator for spraying or dribbling a fluid or material onto soil in a rhizosphere of plants or spraying or dribbling a fluid or material onto plants; at least one sensor to detect plant pulses for a plurality of plants in a row; and a control system uses the sensed plantpulses to command the fluid system to dispense fluid or material with a pulsed fluid or material having a frequency that is set equal to a frequency of the sensed plant pulses or a direct pulse of the fluid or material is based on detection of a plant pulse. 26. The fluid system of claim 25, wherein the pulsed fluid or material is applied onto leaves of plants. 27. The fluid system of claim 25, wherein the at least one applicator comprises a first arm applicator having a pulsing mechanism and a second arm applicator with a continuous spray or dribble mechanism. 28. The fluid system of claim 25, wherein the at least one applicator comprises a first arm applicator with a first nozzle to spray a first area with a first fluid and a second arm applicator with a second nozzle to spray a second area with a continuous spray mechanism. 29. A fluid application system for selected application of the fluid comprising:
an implement for traversing a field; a sensor disposed on the implement, the sensor to detect seeds being dispensed from a seed meter or to detect plants in the field; a material application system disposed on the implement and configured to apply material on, adjacent to, or to both on and adjacent to the seed or the plant, wherein the material application system comprises a flow control valve and a pulsing valve, wherein the flow control valve regulates pressure and flow of fluid to the pulsing valve; and a control system for controlling the material application system based on the detected seeds or plants. 30. The fluid application system of claim 29, wherein the fluid control valve is configured to provide laminar flow to the pulsing valve over a pressure range of 0 to 6.9×10{circumflex over ( )}5 Pa. 31. The fluid application system of claim 29, wherein the fluid control valve comprises:
an offset ball valve having multiple openings that rotate in position to control flow of a liquid through the offset ball valve to an outlet passage; a first passage to provide a first flow path from an inlet to at least one opening of the offset ball valve; and a second passage to provide a second flow path from the inlet to at least one opening of the offset ball valve. 32. The fluid application system of claim 29, wherein the fluid control valve comprises:
a valve having an opening for controlling flow of a liquid through the valve to an outlet; a first passage to provide a first flow path having a variable first flow rate from an inlet to the valve, the first passage includes a first flow meter to monitor flow of the liquid through the first passage; and a second passage to provide a second flow path having a variable second flow rate from the inlet to the valve, the second passage includes a second flow meter to monitor flow of the liquid through the second passage. | Seed sensors for determining seed placement in a furrow to then target at least one of fluid and solid application with respect to the seed are described herein. Plant sensors for determining location of plants within a field and then targeting at least one of fluid and solid application with respect to the plant are also described herein.1. A material application system for selected application of the material comprising:
an implement for traversing a field; a sensor disposed on the implement, the sensor to detect seeds being dispensed from a seed meter when the seeds exit a seed tube or seed conveyor or after the seeds exit the seed tube or seed conveyor; and a material application system disposed on the implement and configured to apply material on the seed, adjacent to the seed, or to both on the seed and adjacent to the seed; and a control system for controlling the material application system based on the detected seeds. 2. The material application system of claim 1, wherein the control system controls material application based on implement speed during material application and seed spacing in a furrow. 3. The material application system of claim 1, wherein the sensor is mounted after the seed has exited the seed tube to sense the seed frequency. 4. The material application system of claim 1, wherein the material application system comprises a planter, and the sensor is mounted after the seed has exited the seed tube and mounted at one of the following locations including a bottom of the seed tube, a seed firmer bracket, within a disc spreader, within a seed firmer, a rear of a shank or between the shank and a closing system, and the closing system. 5. The material application system of claim 4, wherein the control system uses the sensed seed pulses to command the material application system to dispense the material either by synchronizing with the seed pulses or direct relationship between a sensed seed pulse and pulsed material application. 6. The material application system of claim 4, wherein the sensor is mounted at the bottom of the seed tube or seed conveyor. 7. The material application system of claim 4, wherein the sensor is mounted at a seed firmer bracket. 8. The material application system of claim 4, wherein the sensor is mounted within a disc spreader. 9. The material application system of claim 4, wherein the sensor is mounted within a seed firmer. 10. The material application system of claim 4, wherein the sensor is mounted rear of a shank or between the shank and a closing system. 11. The material application system of claim 4, wherein the sensor is mounted at the closing system. 12. The material application system of claim 1, wherein the material application system comprises a flow control valve and a pulsing valve, wherein the flow control valve regulates pressure and flow of fluid to the pulsing valve. 13. A planter system comprised of planting seeds and applying a material comprising:
a seeding meter for dispensing seed through a seed tube or other device; 14. The planter system of claim 13, wherein the material application system applies the material through a fluid applicator having at least one sidewall injection conduit and at least one of wing nozzles and center nozzles of a furrow device. 15. The planter system of claim 13, wherein the material application system applies the material through a fluid applicator having at least one sidewall injection conduit and a seed firmer. 16. The planter system of claim 13, wherein the material application system applies the material through a fluid applicator having at least one sidewall injection conduit and a seed firmer having a sensor. 17. A planter system for planting seeds and applying a material comprising:
a seeding meter for dispensing seed through a seed tube or other device; a sensor to detect seed or seed frequency including sensed seed pulses; a material application system to apply material in response to receiving a signal that is based on sensed seed pulses, the material application system dispenses the material with one or more dispensing devices containing at least first and second material dispensing locations; a flow diverting device to divert flow between first and second material dispensing locations to only dispense one location at a time; and a control system to use the sensed seed pulses to command the material application system to apply the material either by synchronizing with the seed pulses or a direct relationship between a sensed seed pulse and pulsed material application. 18. The planter system of claim 17, wherein the material application system comprises a downstream on-off pulse width modulated valve. 19. The planter system of claim 17, wherein the material application system comprises a voice coil actuated valve. 20. The planter system of claim 17, wherein the flow diverting device enables flow during a certain region of a field for a first material dispensing location and enables flow during a different region of a field for a second material dispensing location. 21. A planter system for planting seeds and applying a material comprising:
a seeding meter for dispensing seed through a seed tube or other device; a sensor to detect seed or seed frequency including sensed seed pulses; a material application system to apply the material in response to receiving a signal that is based on sensed seed pulses; a continuously rotating dispensing system having an orifice that opens and closes in response to rotation of the dispensing system; a control system to use the sensed seed pulses to command the material application system to dispense material by synchronizing the rotational speed of rotating dispensing system with a seed pulse frequency of the sensed seed pulses. 22. The planter system of claim 21, wherein the material application system comprises an upstream device to control flow by varying fluid restriction to control outlet pressure including one of a variable orifice flow control and a pump speed control system. 23. The planter system of claim 21, wherein the upstream device and the dispensing system for each row unit of the planter system are disposed on the row unit. 24. The planter system of claim 21, wherein dispensing system includes a downstream On-row device, 2-Row device on-off PWM valve, or rotary dispensing system to pulse a fluid stream. 25. A fluid system comprising:
at least one applicator for spraying or dribbling a fluid or material onto soil in a rhizosphere of plants or spraying or dribbling a fluid or material onto plants; at least one sensor to detect plant pulses for a plurality of plants in a row; and a control system uses the sensed plantpulses to command the fluid system to dispense fluid or material with a pulsed fluid or material having a frequency that is set equal to a frequency of the sensed plant pulses or a direct pulse of the fluid or material is based on detection of a plant pulse. 26. The fluid system of claim 25, wherein the pulsed fluid or material is applied onto leaves of plants. 27. The fluid system of claim 25, wherein the at least one applicator comprises a first arm applicator having a pulsing mechanism and a second arm applicator with a continuous spray or dribble mechanism. 28. The fluid system of claim 25, wherein the at least one applicator comprises a first arm applicator with a first nozzle to spray a first area with a first fluid and a second arm applicator with a second nozzle to spray a second area with a continuous spray mechanism. 29. A fluid application system for selected application of the fluid comprising:
an implement for traversing a field; a sensor disposed on the implement, the sensor to detect seeds being dispensed from a seed meter or to detect plants in the field; a material application system disposed on the implement and configured to apply material on, adjacent to, or to both on and adjacent to the seed or the plant, wherein the material application system comprises a flow control valve and a pulsing valve, wherein the flow control valve regulates pressure and flow of fluid to the pulsing valve; and a control system for controlling the material application system based on the detected seeds or plants. 30. The fluid application system of claim 29, wherein the fluid control valve is configured to provide laminar flow to the pulsing valve over a pressure range of 0 to 6.9×10{circumflex over ( )}5 Pa. 31. The fluid application system of claim 29, wherein the fluid control valve comprises:
an offset ball valve having multiple openings that rotate in position to control flow of a liquid through the offset ball valve to an outlet passage; a first passage to provide a first flow path from an inlet to at least one opening of the offset ball valve; and a second passage to provide a second flow path from the inlet to at least one opening of the offset ball valve. 32. The fluid application system of claim 29, wherein the fluid control valve comprises:
a valve having an opening for controlling flow of a liquid through the valve to an outlet; a first passage to provide a first flow path having a variable first flow rate from an inlet to the valve, the first passage includes a first flow meter to monitor flow of the liquid through the first passage; and a second passage to provide a second flow path having a variable second flow rate from the inlet to the valve, the second passage includes a second flow meter to monitor flow of the liquid through the second passage. | 1,600 |
340,855 | 16,642,311 | 1,652 | The invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a plasma processing method capable of preventing etching shape abnormality in a plasma processing method for forming a mask layer of a polysilicon film. The invention relates to a plasma processing method for plasma-etching a polysilicon film, the plasma processing method comprising plasma-etching the polysilicon film using a mixed gas including a halogen gas, a fluorocarbon gas, an oxygen gas, and a carbonyl sulfide gas. | 1. A plasma processing method for plasma-etching a polysilicon film, the plasma processing method comprising:
plasma-etching the polysilicon film using a mixed gas including a halogen gas, a fluorocarbon gas, an oxygen gas, and a carbonyl sulfide gas. 2. The plasma processing method according to claim 1, wherein
the halogen gas is at least one gas selected from a Cl2 gas, a HBr gas, a NF3 gas, and a SF6 gas, and the fluorocarbon gas is at least one gas selected from a CHF3 gas, a CF4 gas, a C4F8 gas, a C5F8 gas, a C4F6 gas, a CH2F2 gas, and a CH3F gas. 3. The plasma processing method according to claim 1, wherein
a proportion of a flow rate of the carbonyl sulfide gas relative to a flow rate of the mixed gas is a value in a range of 15% to 35%. 4. The plasma processing method according to claim 1, wherein
the polysilicon film is plasma-etched while supplying a radio frequency power of 2000 W or more to a sample stage placed with a sample on which the polysilicon film is formed, or while applying a peak-to-peak radio frequency voltage of 1800 V or more to the sample stage. 5. The plasma processing method according to claim 4, wherein
the radio frequency power is subjected to pulse modulation, and a value of a duty ratio of the pulse modulation is in a range of 10% to 40%. 6. The plasma processing method according to claim 1, wherein
a pressure in a processing chamber in which the polysilicon film is plasma-etched is set to a pressure in a range of 3 Pa to 10 Pa. 7. The plasma processing method according to claim 1, wherein
a temperature of a sample stage placed with a sample on which the polysilicon film is formed is set to 50° C. or lower. 8. The plasma processing method according to claim 1, wherein
the halogen gas is a Cl2 gas, and the fluorocarbon gas is a CHF3 gas. 9. The plasma processing method according to claim 1, wherein
the polysilicon film is a mask material for forming a hole or a groove in a film to be etched. 10. The plasma processing method according to claim 8, wherein
the polysilicon film is a mask material for forming a hole or a groove in a film to be etched. | The invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a plasma processing method capable of preventing etching shape abnormality in a plasma processing method for forming a mask layer of a polysilicon film. The invention relates to a plasma processing method for plasma-etching a polysilicon film, the plasma processing method comprising plasma-etching the polysilicon film using a mixed gas including a halogen gas, a fluorocarbon gas, an oxygen gas, and a carbonyl sulfide gas.1. A plasma processing method for plasma-etching a polysilicon film, the plasma processing method comprising:
plasma-etching the polysilicon film using a mixed gas including a halogen gas, a fluorocarbon gas, an oxygen gas, and a carbonyl sulfide gas. 2. The plasma processing method according to claim 1, wherein
the halogen gas is at least one gas selected from a Cl2 gas, a HBr gas, a NF3 gas, and a SF6 gas, and the fluorocarbon gas is at least one gas selected from a CHF3 gas, a CF4 gas, a C4F8 gas, a C5F8 gas, a C4F6 gas, a CH2F2 gas, and a CH3F gas. 3. The plasma processing method according to claim 1, wherein
a proportion of a flow rate of the carbonyl sulfide gas relative to a flow rate of the mixed gas is a value in a range of 15% to 35%. 4. The plasma processing method according to claim 1, wherein
the polysilicon film is plasma-etched while supplying a radio frequency power of 2000 W or more to a sample stage placed with a sample on which the polysilicon film is formed, or while applying a peak-to-peak radio frequency voltage of 1800 V or more to the sample stage. 5. The plasma processing method according to claim 4, wherein
the radio frequency power is subjected to pulse modulation, and a value of a duty ratio of the pulse modulation is in a range of 10% to 40%. 6. The plasma processing method according to claim 1, wherein
a pressure in a processing chamber in which the polysilicon film is plasma-etched is set to a pressure in a range of 3 Pa to 10 Pa. 7. The plasma processing method according to claim 1, wherein
a temperature of a sample stage placed with a sample on which the polysilicon film is formed is set to 50° C. or lower. 8. The plasma processing method according to claim 1, wherein
the halogen gas is a Cl2 gas, and the fluorocarbon gas is a CHF3 gas. 9. The plasma processing method according to claim 1, wherein
the polysilicon film is a mask material for forming a hole or a groove in a film to be etched. 10. The plasma processing method according to claim 8, wherein
the polysilicon film is a mask material for forming a hole or a groove in a film to be etched. | 1,600 |
340,856 | 16,642,360 | 1,652 | There are provided mechanisms for handling instances of enclaves on an execution platform. The execution platform comprises a secure component. The secure component serves as a trusted interface between a trusted platform module of the execution platform and enclaves of an enclave environment on the execution platform. Only a single enclave, denoted base enclave, in the enclave environment is enabled to communicate with the secure component. A method comprises receiving, by the base enclave, an indication from another enclave in the enclave environment upon start-up of a new instance of the so-called another enclave. The method comprises determining, by the base enclave, to enable continued running of the new instance only when number of currently running instances of the so-called another enclave is within an interval of allowed number of running instances of the so-called another enclave. | 1: A method of handling instances of enclaves on an execution platform, the execution platform comprising a secure component, the secure component serving as a trusted interface between a trusted platform module of the execution platform and enclaves of an enclave environment on the execution platform, wherein only a single enclave, denoted base enclave, in the enclave environment is enabled to communicate with the secure component, the method comprising:
receiving, by the base enclave, an indication from another enclave in the enclave environment upon start-up of a new instance of said another enclave; and determining, by the base enclave, to enable continued running of the new instance only when a number of currently running instances of said another enclave is within an interval of allowed number of running instances of said another enclave. 2: The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
checking, by the base enclave, whether the number of currently running instances of said another enclave is within said interval or not before determining to enable continued running of the new instance. 3: The method according to claim 1, further comprising, upon enabling running of the new instance:
increasing, by the base enclave, number of currently running instances of said another enclave with one. 4: The method according to claim 1, further comprising, upon not enabling running of the new instance:
determining, by the base enclave, to request the running of the new instance to be stopped or at least limited. 5: The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
stopping, by said another enclave, running of the new instance in response to having received the request to stop running the new instance, or in absence of receiving an indication to continue running the new instance. 6: The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
generating, by said another enclave and upon start-up of the new instance, a token; and providing, by said another enclave, the token to the base enclave. 7: The method according to claim 6, further comprising:
checking, by the base enclave and in a token table for said another enclave, whether there is at least one position in the token table that is currently not occupied by another token or not. 8: The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
checking, by the base enclave, whether the number of currently running instances of said another enclave is within said interval or not before determining to enable continued running of the new instance, wherein said checking whether there is at least one position in the token table that is currently not occupied by another token or not is part of checking whether the number of currently running instances of said another enclave is within said interval or not. 9: The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
storing, by the base enclave, the token in the token table when there is at least one position in the token table that is currently not occupied by another token. 10: The method according to claim 7, further comprising, upon not enabling running of the new instance:
determining, by the base enclave, to request the running of the new instance to be stopped or at least limited, and wherein the base enclave determines to request the running of the new instance to be stopped when all positions in the token table currently are occupied by other tokens. 11: The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
providing, by said another enclave and to the base enclave, a liveness check when running the instance, the liveness check comprising the token; verifying, by the base enclave, whether the token of the liveness check matches any token in the token table or not; and reporting, by the base enclave and to said another enclave, a result of the verifying. 12: The method further according to claim 11, further comprising:
stopping, by said another enclave, running of the new instance when the result indicates that the token of the liveness check did not match any token in the token table. 13: The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
determining, by said another enclave, to stop running the new instance; providing, by said another enclave and to the base enclave, a notification to remove the token from the token table in response thereto; and removing, by the base enclave, the token from the token table. 14: The method according to claim 6, wherein the token is a random number. 15: The method according to claim 1, wherein the base enclave is initialized with the secure component before receiving the indication from said another enclave. 16: The method according to claim 1, wherein the base enclave is the only enclave of the enclave environment that is enabled to communicate with the secure component. 17: The method according to claim 1, wherein the secure component enforces that there is only one base enclave per application hosted by the execution platform. 18: An execution platform for handling instances of enclaves on the execution platform, the execution platform comprising:
a secure component; and processing circuitry, wherein: the secure component serves as a trusted interface between a trusted platform module of the execution platform and enclaves of an enclave environment on the execution platform, wherein only a single enclave, denoted base enclave, in the enclave environment is enabled to communicate with the secure component; and the processing circuitry is configured to cause the execution platform to:
receive, by the base enclave, an indication from another enclave in the enclave environment upon start-up of a new instance of said another enclave; and
determine, by the base enclave, to enable continued running of the new instance only when a number of currently running instances of said another enclave is within an interval of allowed number of running instances of said another enclave. 19: An execution platform for handling instances of enclaves on the execution platform, the execution platform comprising:
a secure component; processing circuitry; and a storage medium, wherein: the secure component serves as a trusted interface between a trusted platform module of the execution platform and enclaves of an enclave environment on the execution platform, wherein only a single enclave, denoted base enclave, in the enclave environment is enabled to communicate with the secure component; and the storage medium stores instructions that, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the execution platform to:
receive, by the base enclave, an indication from another enclave in the enclave environment upon start-up of a new instance of said another enclave; and
determine, by the base enclave, to enable continued running of the new instance only when a number of currently running instances of said another enclave is within an interval of allowed number of running instances of said another enclave. 20: An execution platform for handling instances of enclaves on the execution platform, the execution platform comprising:
a secure component; a receive module; and a determine module, wherein: the secure component serves as a trusted interface between a trusted platform module of the execution platform and enclaves of an enclave environment on the execution platform, wherein only a single enclave, denoted base enclave, in the enclave environment is enabled to communicate with the secure component, the execution platform; the receive module is configured to cause the base enclave to receive an indication from another enclave in the enclave environment upon start-up of a new instance of said another enclave; and the determine module is configured to cause the base enclave to determine to enable continued running of the new instance only when a number of currently running instances of said another enclave is within an interval of allowed number of running instances of said another enclave. 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) | There are provided mechanisms for handling instances of enclaves on an execution platform. The execution platform comprises a secure component. The secure component serves as a trusted interface between a trusted platform module of the execution platform and enclaves of an enclave environment on the execution platform. Only a single enclave, denoted base enclave, in the enclave environment is enabled to communicate with the secure component. A method comprises receiving, by the base enclave, an indication from another enclave in the enclave environment upon start-up of a new instance of the so-called another enclave. The method comprises determining, by the base enclave, to enable continued running of the new instance only when number of currently running instances of the so-called another enclave is within an interval of allowed number of running instances of the so-called another enclave.1: A method of handling instances of enclaves on an execution platform, the execution platform comprising a secure component, the secure component serving as a trusted interface between a trusted platform module of the execution platform and enclaves of an enclave environment on the execution platform, wherein only a single enclave, denoted base enclave, in the enclave environment is enabled to communicate with the secure component, the method comprising:
receiving, by the base enclave, an indication from another enclave in the enclave environment upon start-up of a new instance of said another enclave; and determining, by the base enclave, to enable continued running of the new instance only when a number of currently running instances of said another enclave is within an interval of allowed number of running instances of said another enclave. 2: The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
checking, by the base enclave, whether the number of currently running instances of said another enclave is within said interval or not before determining to enable continued running of the new instance. 3: The method according to claim 1, further comprising, upon enabling running of the new instance:
increasing, by the base enclave, number of currently running instances of said another enclave with one. 4: The method according to claim 1, further comprising, upon not enabling running of the new instance:
determining, by the base enclave, to request the running of the new instance to be stopped or at least limited. 5: The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
stopping, by said another enclave, running of the new instance in response to having received the request to stop running the new instance, or in absence of receiving an indication to continue running the new instance. 6: The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
generating, by said another enclave and upon start-up of the new instance, a token; and providing, by said another enclave, the token to the base enclave. 7: The method according to claim 6, further comprising:
checking, by the base enclave and in a token table for said another enclave, whether there is at least one position in the token table that is currently not occupied by another token or not. 8: The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
checking, by the base enclave, whether the number of currently running instances of said another enclave is within said interval or not before determining to enable continued running of the new instance, wherein said checking whether there is at least one position in the token table that is currently not occupied by another token or not is part of checking whether the number of currently running instances of said another enclave is within said interval or not. 9: The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
storing, by the base enclave, the token in the token table when there is at least one position in the token table that is currently not occupied by another token. 10: The method according to claim 7, further comprising, upon not enabling running of the new instance:
determining, by the base enclave, to request the running of the new instance to be stopped or at least limited, and wherein the base enclave determines to request the running of the new instance to be stopped when all positions in the token table currently are occupied by other tokens. 11: The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
providing, by said another enclave and to the base enclave, a liveness check when running the instance, the liveness check comprising the token; verifying, by the base enclave, whether the token of the liveness check matches any token in the token table or not; and reporting, by the base enclave and to said another enclave, a result of the verifying. 12: The method further according to claim 11, further comprising:
stopping, by said another enclave, running of the new instance when the result indicates that the token of the liveness check did not match any token in the token table. 13: The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
determining, by said another enclave, to stop running the new instance; providing, by said another enclave and to the base enclave, a notification to remove the token from the token table in response thereto; and removing, by the base enclave, the token from the token table. 14: The method according to claim 6, wherein the token is a random number. 15: The method according to claim 1, wherein the base enclave is initialized with the secure component before receiving the indication from said another enclave. 16: The method according to claim 1, wherein the base enclave is the only enclave of the enclave environment that is enabled to communicate with the secure component. 17: The method according to claim 1, wherein the secure component enforces that there is only one base enclave per application hosted by the execution platform. 18: An execution platform for handling instances of enclaves on the execution platform, the execution platform comprising:
a secure component; and processing circuitry, wherein: the secure component serves as a trusted interface between a trusted platform module of the execution platform and enclaves of an enclave environment on the execution platform, wherein only a single enclave, denoted base enclave, in the enclave environment is enabled to communicate with the secure component; and the processing circuitry is configured to cause the execution platform to:
receive, by the base enclave, an indication from another enclave in the enclave environment upon start-up of a new instance of said another enclave; and
determine, by the base enclave, to enable continued running of the new instance only when a number of currently running instances of said another enclave is within an interval of allowed number of running instances of said another enclave. 19: An execution platform for handling instances of enclaves on the execution platform, the execution platform comprising:
a secure component; processing circuitry; and a storage medium, wherein: the secure component serves as a trusted interface between a trusted platform module of the execution platform and enclaves of an enclave environment on the execution platform, wherein only a single enclave, denoted base enclave, in the enclave environment is enabled to communicate with the secure component; and the storage medium stores instructions that, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the execution platform to:
receive, by the base enclave, an indication from another enclave in the enclave environment upon start-up of a new instance of said another enclave; and
determine, by the base enclave, to enable continued running of the new instance only when a number of currently running instances of said another enclave is within an interval of allowed number of running instances of said another enclave. 20: An execution platform for handling instances of enclaves on the execution platform, the execution platform comprising:
a secure component; a receive module; and a determine module, wherein: the secure component serves as a trusted interface between a trusted platform module of the execution platform and enclaves of an enclave environment on the execution platform, wherein only a single enclave, denoted base enclave, in the enclave environment is enabled to communicate with the secure component, the execution platform; the receive module is configured to cause the base enclave to receive an indication from another enclave in the enclave environment upon start-up of a new instance of said another enclave; and the determine module is configured to cause the base enclave to determine to enable continued running of the new instance only when a number of currently running instances of said another enclave is within an interval of allowed number of running instances of said another enclave. 21. (canceled) 22. (canceled) | 1,600 |
340,857 | 16,642,370 | 1,652 | Provided is a miniaturized X-ray tube including an extractor and provides a miniaturized X-ray tube including a filament that emit electrons if a voltage is applied, a base having two filament through-holes for fixing the filament and for connecting power to both electrodes of the filament, a cylindrical extractor in close contact with the base and surrounding the filament without being in contact with the filament, a cutoff voltage providing unit configured to apply a cutoff voltage between one electrode of the extractor and one electrode of the filament, a body that is formed of a ceramic material, surrounds the extractor, and includes one end in close contact with the base, and a target that is connected to the other end of the body, receives the electrons emitted from the filament, and emits X-rays. | 1. A miniaturized X-ray tube comprising:
a filament that emit electrons if a voltage is applied; a base having two filament through-holes for fixing the filament and for connecting power to both electrodes of the filament; a cylindrical extractor in close contact with the base and surrounding the filament without being in contact with the filament; a cutoff voltage providing unit configured to apply a cutoff voltage between one electrode of the extractor and one electrode of the filament; a body that is formed of a ceramic material, surrounds the extractor, and includes one end in close contact with the base; and a target that is connected to the other end of the body, receives the electrons emitted from the filament, and emits X-rays. 2. The miniaturized X-ray tube of claim 1, wherein the cutoff voltage providing unit
applies a cutoff voltage between the extractor and the one electrode of the filament, and blocks the cutoff voltage after a predetermined preheating time elapses from a time point when a voltage is applied between the both electrodes of the filament. 3. The miniaturized X-ray tube of claim 2, wherein the cutoff voltage providing unit applies a voltage higher than or equal to 200 V or lower than or equal to 300 V between the one electrode of the extractor and the one electrode of the filament. 4. The miniaturized X-ray tube of claim 1, wherein the extractor is formed of ceramic configuring the body and a metal having a thermal expansion coefficient within a predetermined range. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the extractor is formed of kovar. | Provided is a miniaturized X-ray tube including an extractor and provides a miniaturized X-ray tube including a filament that emit electrons if a voltage is applied, a base having two filament through-holes for fixing the filament and for connecting power to both electrodes of the filament, a cylindrical extractor in close contact with the base and surrounding the filament without being in contact with the filament, a cutoff voltage providing unit configured to apply a cutoff voltage between one electrode of the extractor and one electrode of the filament, a body that is formed of a ceramic material, surrounds the extractor, and includes one end in close contact with the base, and a target that is connected to the other end of the body, receives the electrons emitted from the filament, and emits X-rays.1. A miniaturized X-ray tube comprising:
a filament that emit electrons if a voltage is applied; a base having two filament through-holes for fixing the filament and for connecting power to both electrodes of the filament; a cylindrical extractor in close contact with the base and surrounding the filament without being in contact with the filament; a cutoff voltage providing unit configured to apply a cutoff voltage between one electrode of the extractor and one electrode of the filament; a body that is formed of a ceramic material, surrounds the extractor, and includes one end in close contact with the base; and a target that is connected to the other end of the body, receives the electrons emitted from the filament, and emits X-rays. 2. The miniaturized X-ray tube of claim 1, wherein the cutoff voltage providing unit
applies a cutoff voltage between the extractor and the one electrode of the filament, and blocks the cutoff voltage after a predetermined preheating time elapses from a time point when a voltage is applied between the both electrodes of the filament. 3. The miniaturized X-ray tube of claim 2, wherein the cutoff voltage providing unit applies a voltage higher than or equal to 200 V or lower than or equal to 300 V between the one electrode of the extractor and the one electrode of the filament. 4. The miniaturized X-ray tube of claim 1, wherein the extractor is formed of ceramic configuring the body and a metal having a thermal expansion coefficient within a predetermined range. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the extractor is formed of kovar. | 1,600 |
340,858 | 16,642,355 | 1,652 | A functional water concentration sensor includes: a light source which emits ultraviolet light; a container capable of holding functional water having a pH between 6 and 9, inclusive, and containing hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite dissociated from the hypochlorous acid; a light-receiving element; and a signal processor. The signal processor calculates the concentration of the hypochlorite in the functional water on the basis of the output signal, calculates the percentages of the hypochlorous acid and the hypochlorite in the functional water on the basis of the pH of the functional water and the dissociation constant of the hypochlorous acid, and calculates the concentration of the hypochlorous acid in the functional water on the basis of the calculated hypochlorite concentration and the calculated percentages. | 1. A functional water concentration sensor, comprising:
a light source which emits ultraviolet light; a container including an entry window through which the ultraviolet light enters and an exit window through which the ultraviolet light that has entered the container through the entry window exits, the container being capable of holding functional water having a pH between 6 and 9, inclusive, and containing hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite dissociated from the hypochlorous acid; a light-receiving element which includes a light-receiving surface facing the exit window and outputs an output signal according to an amount of light incident on the light-receiving surface; and a signal processor, wherein the signal processor calculates a concentration of the hypochlorite in the functional water based on the output signal, calculates percentages of the hypochlorous acid and the hypochlorite in the functional water based on the pH of the functional water and a dissociation constant of the hypochlorous acid, and calculates a concentration of the hypochlorous acid in the functional water based on the concentration of the hypochlorite calculated and the percentages calculated. 2. The functional water concentration sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a temperature meter which measures a temperature of the functional water, wherein the signal processor corrects the dissociation constant of the hypochlorous acid based on the temperature of the functional water measured, and calculates the percentages based on the pH of the functional water and the dissociation constant of the hypochlorous acid corrected. 3. The functional water concentration sensor according to claim 1, wherein
the pH of the functional water is within plus and minus one from the dissociation constant of the hypochlorous acid. 4. The functional water concentration sensor according to claim 3, wherein
the functional water contains a pH adjuster. 5. The functional water concentration sensor according to claim 3, further comprising:
a temperature meter which measures a temperature of the functional water, wherein the signal processor corrects the pH of the functional water based on the temperature of the functional water measured, and calculates the percentages based on the pH of the functional water corrected and the dissociation constant of the hypochlorous acid. 6. The functional water concentration sensor according to claim 4, wherein
absorbance of the ultraviolet light by the pH adjuster is less than absorbance of the ultraviolet light by the hypochlorite. 7. The functional water concentration sensor according to claim 4, wherein
the pH adjuster has low reactivity with each of the hypochlorous acid and the hypochlorite. 8. The functional water concentration sensor according to claim 6, wherein
the pH adjuster is a phosphate buffer. 9. The functional water concentration sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a pH meter which measures the pH of the functional water, wherein the signal processor calculates the percentages based on the pH of the functional water measured and the dissociation constant of the hypochlorous acid. 10. A method for calculating a concentration of hypochlorous acid in functional water using a functional water concentration sensor including:
a light source which emits ultraviolet light; a container including an entry window through which the ultraviolet light enters and an exit window through which the ultraviolet light that has entered the container through the entry window exits, the container being capable of holding the functional water having a pH between 6 and 9, inclusive, and containing the hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite dissociated from the hypochlorous acid; and a light-receiving element which includes a light-receiving surface facing the exit window and outputs an output signal according to an amount of light incident on the light-receiving surface, the method comprising: calculating a concentration of the hypochlorite in the functional water based on the output signal; calculating percentages of the hypochlorous acid and the hypochlorite in the functional water based on the pH of the functional water and a dissociation constant of the hypochlorous acid; and calculating a concentration of the hypochlorous acid in the functional water based on the concentration of the hypochlorite calculated and the percentages calculated. | A functional water concentration sensor includes: a light source which emits ultraviolet light; a container capable of holding functional water having a pH between 6 and 9, inclusive, and containing hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite dissociated from the hypochlorous acid; a light-receiving element; and a signal processor. The signal processor calculates the concentration of the hypochlorite in the functional water on the basis of the output signal, calculates the percentages of the hypochlorous acid and the hypochlorite in the functional water on the basis of the pH of the functional water and the dissociation constant of the hypochlorous acid, and calculates the concentration of the hypochlorous acid in the functional water on the basis of the calculated hypochlorite concentration and the calculated percentages.1. A functional water concentration sensor, comprising:
a light source which emits ultraviolet light; a container including an entry window through which the ultraviolet light enters and an exit window through which the ultraviolet light that has entered the container through the entry window exits, the container being capable of holding functional water having a pH between 6 and 9, inclusive, and containing hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite dissociated from the hypochlorous acid; a light-receiving element which includes a light-receiving surface facing the exit window and outputs an output signal according to an amount of light incident on the light-receiving surface; and a signal processor, wherein the signal processor calculates a concentration of the hypochlorite in the functional water based on the output signal, calculates percentages of the hypochlorous acid and the hypochlorite in the functional water based on the pH of the functional water and a dissociation constant of the hypochlorous acid, and calculates a concentration of the hypochlorous acid in the functional water based on the concentration of the hypochlorite calculated and the percentages calculated. 2. The functional water concentration sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a temperature meter which measures a temperature of the functional water, wherein the signal processor corrects the dissociation constant of the hypochlorous acid based on the temperature of the functional water measured, and calculates the percentages based on the pH of the functional water and the dissociation constant of the hypochlorous acid corrected. 3. The functional water concentration sensor according to claim 1, wherein
the pH of the functional water is within plus and minus one from the dissociation constant of the hypochlorous acid. 4. The functional water concentration sensor according to claim 3, wherein
the functional water contains a pH adjuster. 5. The functional water concentration sensor according to claim 3, further comprising:
a temperature meter which measures a temperature of the functional water, wherein the signal processor corrects the pH of the functional water based on the temperature of the functional water measured, and calculates the percentages based on the pH of the functional water corrected and the dissociation constant of the hypochlorous acid. 6. The functional water concentration sensor according to claim 4, wherein
absorbance of the ultraviolet light by the pH adjuster is less than absorbance of the ultraviolet light by the hypochlorite. 7. The functional water concentration sensor according to claim 4, wherein
the pH adjuster has low reactivity with each of the hypochlorous acid and the hypochlorite. 8. The functional water concentration sensor according to claim 6, wherein
the pH adjuster is a phosphate buffer. 9. The functional water concentration sensor according to claim 1, further comprising:
a pH meter which measures the pH of the functional water, wherein the signal processor calculates the percentages based on the pH of the functional water measured and the dissociation constant of the hypochlorous acid. 10. A method for calculating a concentration of hypochlorous acid in functional water using a functional water concentration sensor including:
a light source which emits ultraviolet light; a container including an entry window through which the ultraviolet light enters and an exit window through which the ultraviolet light that has entered the container through the entry window exits, the container being capable of holding the functional water having a pH between 6 and 9, inclusive, and containing the hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite dissociated from the hypochlorous acid; and a light-receiving element which includes a light-receiving surface facing the exit window and outputs an output signal according to an amount of light incident on the light-receiving surface, the method comprising: calculating a concentration of the hypochlorite in the functional water based on the output signal; calculating percentages of the hypochlorous acid and the hypochlorite in the functional water based on the pH of the functional water and a dissociation constant of the hypochlorous acid; and calculating a concentration of the hypochlorous acid in the functional water based on the concentration of the hypochlorite calculated and the percentages calculated. | 1,600 |
340,859 | 16,642,366 | 1,652 | An infusion pipe capable of achieving a flow rate higher or the same as that of a conventional product, and of easily joining to a cannula attached to an eyeball. The infusion pipe of the present invention is used in an ophthalmic operation with the infusion pipe joined to a cannula attached to an eyeball, and includes an insertion part to be inserted, at the time of joining to the cannula, inside a cannula piercing part, which is a part of the cannula for piercing the eyeball. A cross-section of the insertion part is an arc shape from which a part of a circle is cut out. | 1. An infusion pipe used in an ophthalmic operation with the infusion pipe joined to a cannula attached to an eyeball, comprising:
an insertion part to be inserted, at the time of joining to the cannula, inside a cannula piercing part, which is a part of the cannula for piercing the eyeball, wherein a cross-section of the insertion part is an arc shape from which a part of a circle is cut out. 2. The infusion pipe of claim 1, wherein an arc height of the cross-section of the insertion part is 30% or greater and 90% or less of the outer diameter of a virtual circular cross-section that is intact. | An infusion pipe capable of achieving a flow rate higher or the same as that of a conventional product, and of easily joining to a cannula attached to an eyeball. The infusion pipe of the present invention is used in an ophthalmic operation with the infusion pipe joined to a cannula attached to an eyeball, and includes an insertion part to be inserted, at the time of joining to the cannula, inside a cannula piercing part, which is a part of the cannula for piercing the eyeball. A cross-section of the insertion part is an arc shape from which a part of a circle is cut out.1. An infusion pipe used in an ophthalmic operation with the infusion pipe joined to a cannula attached to an eyeball, comprising:
an insertion part to be inserted, at the time of joining to the cannula, inside a cannula piercing part, which is a part of the cannula for piercing the eyeball, wherein a cross-section of the insertion part is an arc shape from which a part of a circle is cut out. 2. The infusion pipe of claim 1, wherein an arc height of the cross-section of the insertion part is 30% or greater and 90% or less of the outer diameter of a virtual circular cross-section that is intact. | 1,600 |
340,860 | 16,642,363 | 2,844 | A lighting control system, including a TRIAC dimmer, a wireless control apparatus, and a lighting apparatus. The lighting apparatus includes a rectifier circuit, a TRIAC dimming detection circuit, a dimming constant-current circuit, and a controller connected to the TRIAC dimming detection circuit and the dimming constant-current circuit. The controller is configured to, control the dimming constant-current circuit to perform dimming on the lighting load based on a brightness control signal, in response to receiving the brightness control signal sent by the wireless control apparatus, and control the dimming constant-current circuit to restore a default state to stop the wireless control apparatus from limiting the dimming constant-current circuit, in response to the TRIAC dimming detection circuit determining that a first preset operation is performed on the TRIAC dimmer. | 1. A lighting control system, comprising:
a TRIAC dimmer, arranged on a power supply line of a lighting apparatus, wherein the TRIAC dimmer is configured to perform dimming on a lighting load; a wireless control apparatus; and the lighting apparatus, connected to the wireless control apparatus and the TRIAC dimmer, wherein the lighting apparatus comprises:
a rectifier circuit, connected to the TRIAC dimmer, wherein the rectifier circuit is configured to receive an alternating-current input;
a dimming constant-current circuit, connected to the rectifier circuit and the lighting load;
a TRIAC dimming detection circuit; and
a controller, connected to a TRIAC dimming detection circuit and the dimming constant-current circuit, wherein the controller is configured to:
control the dimming constant-current circuit to perform dimming on the lighting load based on a brightness control signal, in response to receiving the brightness control signal sent by the wireless control apparatus, and
control the dimming constant-current circuit to restore a default state to stop the wireless control apparatus from limiting the dimming constant-current circuit, in response to the TRIAC dimming detection circuit determining that a first preset operation is performed on the TRIAC dimmer. 2. The lighting control system according to claim 1, further comprising a current detection circuit configured to detect a current flowing through the lighting load, wherein:
the controller is further configured to transmit wirelessly a value of the current detected by the current detection circuit to the wireless control apparatus; and the wireless control apparatus is further configured to display the received value of the current. 3. The lighting control system according to claim 2, further comprising a color-temperature adjustment circuit connected to the lighting load and the controller, wherein:
the controller is further configured to control the color-temperature adjustment circuit based on a color-temperature control signal to adjust a color temperature of the lighting load, in response to receiving the color-temperature control signal sent by the wireless control apparatus. 4. The lighting control system according to claim 3, wherein the controller is further configured to control the color-temperature adjustment circuit according to a predetermined color-temperature control strategy, to adjust the color temperature of the lighting load, in response to the TRIAC dimming detection circuit determining that a second preset operation is performed on the TRIAC dimmer. 5. The lighting control system according to claim 3, wherein the controller is further configured to send the color temperature of the lighting load to the wireless control apparatus, to display the color temperature of the lighting load by the wireless control apparatus. 6. The lighting control system according to claim 4, wherein:
the TRIAC dimming detection circuit is a voltage detection circuit connected to the rectifier circuit; the voltage detection circuit is configured to detect a voltage outputted by the rectifier circuit; the voltage detection circuit determines that the first preset operation is performed on the TRIAC dimmer, in response to a change in the voltage detected by the voltage detection circuit following a predetermined first variation; and the voltage detection circuit determines that the second preset operation is performed on the TRIAC dimmer, in response to a change in the voltage detected by the voltage detection circuit following a predetermined second variation. 7. The lighting control system according to claim 1, further comprising a bleeder circuit connected in parallel with the dimming constant-current circuit, wherein the bleeder circuit is configured to provide a sustaining current. 8. The lighting control system according to claim 1, wherein the dimming constant-current circuit is configured to perform dimming through analog dimming. 9. The lighting control system according to claim 1, wherein the controller performs dimming in a stepwise manner to make brightness of the lighting load reach a value of brightness carried in the brightness control signal, in controlling the dimming constant-current circuit based on the brightness control signal to perform dimming on the lighting load. 10. A lighting device, comprising the lighting control system according to claim 1. | A lighting control system, including a TRIAC dimmer, a wireless control apparatus, and a lighting apparatus. The lighting apparatus includes a rectifier circuit, a TRIAC dimming detection circuit, a dimming constant-current circuit, and a controller connected to the TRIAC dimming detection circuit and the dimming constant-current circuit. The controller is configured to, control the dimming constant-current circuit to perform dimming on the lighting load based on a brightness control signal, in response to receiving the brightness control signal sent by the wireless control apparatus, and control the dimming constant-current circuit to restore a default state to stop the wireless control apparatus from limiting the dimming constant-current circuit, in response to the TRIAC dimming detection circuit determining that a first preset operation is performed on the TRIAC dimmer.1. A lighting control system, comprising:
a TRIAC dimmer, arranged on a power supply line of a lighting apparatus, wherein the TRIAC dimmer is configured to perform dimming on a lighting load; a wireless control apparatus; and the lighting apparatus, connected to the wireless control apparatus and the TRIAC dimmer, wherein the lighting apparatus comprises:
a rectifier circuit, connected to the TRIAC dimmer, wherein the rectifier circuit is configured to receive an alternating-current input;
a dimming constant-current circuit, connected to the rectifier circuit and the lighting load;
a TRIAC dimming detection circuit; and
a controller, connected to a TRIAC dimming detection circuit and the dimming constant-current circuit, wherein the controller is configured to:
control the dimming constant-current circuit to perform dimming on the lighting load based on a brightness control signal, in response to receiving the brightness control signal sent by the wireless control apparatus, and
control the dimming constant-current circuit to restore a default state to stop the wireless control apparatus from limiting the dimming constant-current circuit, in response to the TRIAC dimming detection circuit determining that a first preset operation is performed on the TRIAC dimmer. 2. The lighting control system according to claim 1, further comprising a current detection circuit configured to detect a current flowing through the lighting load, wherein:
the controller is further configured to transmit wirelessly a value of the current detected by the current detection circuit to the wireless control apparatus; and the wireless control apparatus is further configured to display the received value of the current. 3. The lighting control system according to claim 2, further comprising a color-temperature adjustment circuit connected to the lighting load and the controller, wherein:
the controller is further configured to control the color-temperature adjustment circuit based on a color-temperature control signal to adjust a color temperature of the lighting load, in response to receiving the color-temperature control signal sent by the wireless control apparatus. 4. The lighting control system according to claim 3, wherein the controller is further configured to control the color-temperature adjustment circuit according to a predetermined color-temperature control strategy, to adjust the color temperature of the lighting load, in response to the TRIAC dimming detection circuit determining that a second preset operation is performed on the TRIAC dimmer. 5. The lighting control system according to claim 3, wherein the controller is further configured to send the color temperature of the lighting load to the wireless control apparatus, to display the color temperature of the lighting load by the wireless control apparatus. 6. The lighting control system according to claim 4, wherein:
the TRIAC dimming detection circuit is a voltage detection circuit connected to the rectifier circuit; the voltage detection circuit is configured to detect a voltage outputted by the rectifier circuit; the voltage detection circuit determines that the first preset operation is performed on the TRIAC dimmer, in response to a change in the voltage detected by the voltage detection circuit following a predetermined first variation; and the voltage detection circuit determines that the second preset operation is performed on the TRIAC dimmer, in response to a change in the voltage detected by the voltage detection circuit following a predetermined second variation. 7. The lighting control system according to claim 1, further comprising a bleeder circuit connected in parallel with the dimming constant-current circuit, wherein the bleeder circuit is configured to provide a sustaining current. 8. The lighting control system according to claim 1, wherein the dimming constant-current circuit is configured to perform dimming through analog dimming. 9. The lighting control system according to claim 1, wherein the controller performs dimming in a stepwise manner to make brightness of the lighting load reach a value of brightness carried in the brightness control signal, in controlling the dimming constant-current circuit based on the brightness control signal to perform dimming on the lighting load. 10. A lighting device, comprising the lighting control system according to claim 1. | 2,800 |
340,861 | 16,642,368 | 1,791 | A tribo-electro static separation process and system for the preparation of various food and feed products. A tribo-electric separation process and system for fractionating a feed mixture comprising at least two members of the group of proteins, starches, soluble and insoluble fibers. Namely, supplying a feed mixture comprising at least two of the group of proteins, starches, soluble and insoluble fibers to a tribo-electric separator and simultaneously charging and separating the feed mixture into at least two subfractions, with one of the subfractions enriched in one of protein, starch and fiber and having a composition different than the feed mixture. | 1. A process for fractionating a feed mixture having a moisture content greater than 0% and comprising protein and at least one of starches, soluble fibers and insoluble fibers using a single step, continuous tribo-electrostatic separation process, comprising:
a. supplying said feed mixture to a tribo-electric separator, said feed mixture comprising pulses, legumes, oilseeds, oilseed meal, fish meal, bone meal, or meat and bone meal (MBM); and 2. The process described in claim 1, wherein the feed stream comprises at least one constituent selected from the group consisting of: proteins, gluten, starches, soluble fibers, and insoluble fibers. 3. (canceled) 4. The process of claim 1, wherein the feed mixture has a protein content of at least about 35% dry matter (DM) basis. 5. (canceled) 6. The process of claim 1, wherein the protein level of one of the sub-fractions is enriched to be anywhere in the range of 25% to 46.5% DM, or 30-48% DM, or 52-62% DM, or 60-71.5% DM, or 55%-80% DM. 7-9. (canceled) 10. The process as claimed in claim 4, wherein the protein level of one of the subfractions is enriched by at least a relative change of 5% DM. 11-15. (canceled) 16. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feed mixture can be processed at a rate of anywhere in a range of 1000 to 20,000 kg per hour per meter of electrode width. 17-33. (canceled) 34. The process of claim 1, wherein there is an adjustment of feed moisture prior to separation by one of drying or wetting. 35. (canceled) 36. The process of claim 1, wherein the voltage applied can be anywhere in range between 3 kV and 20 kV, preferably between 10 and 16 kV. 37. (canceled) 38. The process of claim 1, wherein the gap between electrodes is continuously adjustable and can be varied anywhere in a range between 0.5 to 2.5 cm, preferably between 0.9 to 1.7 cm. 39. (canceled) 40. The process of claim 1, wherein the feed mixture comprises pulses (or legumes) including any of peas, lima beans, fava beans, lupin beans, and garbanzo beans. 41. The process of claim 1, wherein the feed mixture comprises oilseeds and meals resulting after removal of the oil for raw oilseed, including any of soybean, canola, rapeseed, sunflower, mustard, sesame, flaxseed, safflower, corn germ, and peanut. 42-53. (canceled) 54. A tribo-electric belt separation system, comprising:
a source of a feed stream, wherein the feed stream comprises pulses, legumes, oilseeds, oilseed meal, fish meal, bone meal, or meat and bone meal (MBM); and a single-step, continuous tribo-electric belt-type separator, the tribo-electric belt-type separator comprising:
a feed inlet in fluid communication with the source of the feed stream;
a first electrode and a second electrode configured to provide an electric field between the first and second electrodes;
at least one first roller disposed at a first end of the separator;
at least one second roller disposed at a second end of the separator;
a continuous belt disposed between the first and second electrodes and supported by the at least one first roller and the at least one second roller;
a first product stream outlet; and
a second product stream outlet. 55. The tribo-electric belt separation system as claimed in claim 54, wherein the feed stream comprises at least one constituent selected from the group consisting of: proteins, gluten, starches, soluble fibers, and insoluble fibers. 56-57. (canceled) 58. The tribo-electric belt separation system as claimed in claim 54, wherein the feed stream comprises pulses or legumes including any of peas, lima beans, fava beans, lupin beans, and garbanzo beans. 59. The tribo-electric belt separation system as claimed in claim 54, wherein the feed stream comprises oilseeds and/or meals resulting after removal of the oil for raw oilseed, including any of soybean, canola, rapeseed, sunflower, mustard, sesame, flaxseed, safflower, corn germ, and peanut. 60. The tribo-electric belt separation system as claimed in claim 54, wherein the feed comprises bovine bone meal, gel bone lights, or fish meal. 61-62. (canceled) 63. The tribo-electric belt separation system as claimed in claim 54, wherein the feed stream is pre-processed with a dry separation technique. 64. (canceled) 65. The tribo-electric belt separation system as claimed in claim 54, wherein the feed stream is associated with a D10-D90 particle size range of about 0.1 micron to about 2000 micron, i.e. a D10-D90 particle size range of about 0.1 micron to about 1000 micron, i.e. a D10-D90 particle size range of about 0.5 micron to about 500 micron, i.e. a D10-D90 particle size range of about 1 micron to about 300 micron, i.e. a D10-D90 particle size range of about 10 micron to about 90 micron, i.e. a D10-D90 particle size range of about 1 micron to about 10 micron. 66-72. (canceled) 73. The tribo-electric separation system of claim 54, wherein the separator device has a throughout rate of at least about 2000 kg/hr/meter of electrode width, preferably at least about 3500 kg/hr/meter of electrode width, more preferably at least about 5000 kg/hr/meter of electrode width, even more preferably at least about 7500 kg/hr/meter of electrode width, even more preferably at least about 10,000 kg/hr/meter of electrode width, even more preferably at least about 15,000 kg/hr/meter of electrode width, most preferably at least about 20,000 kg/hr/meter of electrode width. 74-84. (canceled) 85. The tribo-electric separation system as claimed in claim 54, wherein the system is configured to yield a first product stream at the first product stream outlet according to any one of Tables 1-12 presented herein. 86. The tribo-electric separation system as claimed in claim 54, wherein the system is configured to yield a second product stream at the second product stream outlet according to any one of Tables 1-12 presented herein. 87-147. (canceled) | A tribo-electro static separation process and system for the preparation of various food and feed products. A tribo-electric separation process and system for fractionating a feed mixture comprising at least two members of the group of proteins, starches, soluble and insoluble fibers. Namely, supplying a feed mixture comprising at least two of the group of proteins, starches, soluble and insoluble fibers to a tribo-electric separator and simultaneously charging and separating the feed mixture into at least two subfractions, with one of the subfractions enriched in one of protein, starch and fiber and having a composition different than the feed mixture.1. A process for fractionating a feed mixture having a moisture content greater than 0% and comprising protein and at least one of starches, soluble fibers and insoluble fibers using a single step, continuous tribo-electrostatic separation process, comprising:
a. supplying said feed mixture to a tribo-electric separator, said feed mixture comprising pulses, legumes, oilseeds, oilseed meal, fish meal, bone meal, or meat and bone meal (MBM); and 2. The process described in claim 1, wherein the feed stream comprises at least one constituent selected from the group consisting of: proteins, gluten, starches, soluble fibers, and insoluble fibers. 3. (canceled) 4. The process of claim 1, wherein the feed mixture has a protein content of at least about 35% dry matter (DM) basis. 5. (canceled) 6. The process of claim 1, wherein the protein level of one of the sub-fractions is enriched to be anywhere in the range of 25% to 46.5% DM, or 30-48% DM, or 52-62% DM, or 60-71.5% DM, or 55%-80% DM. 7-9. (canceled) 10. The process as claimed in claim 4, wherein the protein level of one of the subfractions is enriched by at least a relative change of 5% DM. 11-15. (canceled) 16. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feed mixture can be processed at a rate of anywhere in a range of 1000 to 20,000 kg per hour per meter of electrode width. 17-33. (canceled) 34. The process of claim 1, wherein there is an adjustment of feed moisture prior to separation by one of drying or wetting. 35. (canceled) 36. The process of claim 1, wherein the voltage applied can be anywhere in range between 3 kV and 20 kV, preferably between 10 and 16 kV. 37. (canceled) 38. The process of claim 1, wherein the gap between electrodes is continuously adjustable and can be varied anywhere in a range between 0.5 to 2.5 cm, preferably between 0.9 to 1.7 cm. 39. (canceled) 40. The process of claim 1, wherein the feed mixture comprises pulses (or legumes) including any of peas, lima beans, fava beans, lupin beans, and garbanzo beans. 41. The process of claim 1, wherein the feed mixture comprises oilseeds and meals resulting after removal of the oil for raw oilseed, including any of soybean, canola, rapeseed, sunflower, mustard, sesame, flaxseed, safflower, corn germ, and peanut. 42-53. (canceled) 54. A tribo-electric belt separation system, comprising:
a source of a feed stream, wherein the feed stream comprises pulses, legumes, oilseeds, oilseed meal, fish meal, bone meal, or meat and bone meal (MBM); and a single-step, continuous tribo-electric belt-type separator, the tribo-electric belt-type separator comprising:
a feed inlet in fluid communication with the source of the feed stream;
a first electrode and a second electrode configured to provide an electric field between the first and second electrodes;
at least one first roller disposed at a first end of the separator;
at least one second roller disposed at a second end of the separator;
a continuous belt disposed between the first and second electrodes and supported by the at least one first roller and the at least one second roller;
a first product stream outlet; and
a second product stream outlet. 55. The tribo-electric belt separation system as claimed in claim 54, wherein the feed stream comprises at least one constituent selected from the group consisting of: proteins, gluten, starches, soluble fibers, and insoluble fibers. 56-57. (canceled) 58. The tribo-electric belt separation system as claimed in claim 54, wherein the feed stream comprises pulses or legumes including any of peas, lima beans, fava beans, lupin beans, and garbanzo beans. 59. The tribo-electric belt separation system as claimed in claim 54, wherein the feed stream comprises oilseeds and/or meals resulting after removal of the oil for raw oilseed, including any of soybean, canola, rapeseed, sunflower, mustard, sesame, flaxseed, safflower, corn germ, and peanut. 60. The tribo-electric belt separation system as claimed in claim 54, wherein the feed comprises bovine bone meal, gel bone lights, or fish meal. 61-62. (canceled) 63. The tribo-electric belt separation system as claimed in claim 54, wherein the feed stream is pre-processed with a dry separation technique. 64. (canceled) 65. The tribo-electric belt separation system as claimed in claim 54, wherein the feed stream is associated with a D10-D90 particle size range of about 0.1 micron to about 2000 micron, i.e. a D10-D90 particle size range of about 0.1 micron to about 1000 micron, i.e. a D10-D90 particle size range of about 0.5 micron to about 500 micron, i.e. a D10-D90 particle size range of about 1 micron to about 300 micron, i.e. a D10-D90 particle size range of about 10 micron to about 90 micron, i.e. a D10-D90 particle size range of about 1 micron to about 10 micron. 66-72. (canceled) 73. The tribo-electric separation system of claim 54, wherein the separator device has a throughout rate of at least about 2000 kg/hr/meter of electrode width, preferably at least about 3500 kg/hr/meter of electrode width, more preferably at least about 5000 kg/hr/meter of electrode width, even more preferably at least about 7500 kg/hr/meter of electrode width, even more preferably at least about 10,000 kg/hr/meter of electrode width, even more preferably at least about 15,000 kg/hr/meter of electrode width, most preferably at least about 20,000 kg/hr/meter of electrode width. 74-84. (canceled) 85. The tribo-electric separation system as claimed in claim 54, wherein the system is configured to yield a first product stream at the first product stream outlet according to any one of Tables 1-12 presented herein. 86. The tribo-electric separation system as claimed in claim 54, wherein the system is configured to yield a second product stream at the second product stream outlet according to any one of Tables 1-12 presented herein. 87-147. (canceled) | 1,700 |
340,862 | 16,642,364 | 1,794 | In a method for coating on a surface of a medical PEEK material with titanium to have a microporous structure, titanium is coated on a surface of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) via magnetron sputtering. The surface of the titanium coated on the surface of PEEK is polished via an electromagnetic polishing apparatus. A thin-film with titanium dioxide (TiO2) having a microporous structure is formed on the polished surface of the titanium via an anodic oxidation treatment. | 1. A method for coating with titanium, comprising:
coating titanium on a surface of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) via magnetron sputtering; polishing the surface of the titanium coated on the surface of PEEK via an electromagnetic polishing apparatus; and forming a thin-film with titanium dioxide (TiO2) having a microporous structure on the polished surface of the titanium via an anodic oxidation treatment. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the coating titanium,
disposing a titanium target inside of a chamber of a magnetron sputtering apparatus; injecting an unalive gas into the chamber; and applying a predetermined voltage to the titanium target with predetermined temperature and pressure conditions, to coat the titanium on the surface of PEEK. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein in the coating titanium on the surface of PEEK,
the pressure is about 5×10−3 torr, the temperature is between about 100° C. and about 150° C., and the power is between about 2 kW and about 3 kW. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a thickness coated on the surface of PEEK is between about 2.5 μm and about 3.0 μm. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein in the coating titanium on the surface of PEEK,
a titanium plasma is generated by the voltage applied between the titanium target and the PEEK with rotating the PEEK, and a magnetic field generated by an electrode reaches the PEEK, so that titanium plasma ions generated around a surface of the titanium target are coated on the surface of PEEK. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic polishing apparatus comprises:
a magnetic field generator having a permanent magnet generating an N pole magnetic field and a permanent generating an S pole magnetic field; a magnetic field converter rotating the magnetic field generator, to covert the positions of the N pole magnetic field and the S pole magnetic field repeatedly by a relatively short period; a polishing receiver configured into which the PEEK having the surface coated with titanium and a polishing material having magnetism are provided, into which the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generator is supplied; and a receiving plate disposed over the magnetic field converter and receiving the polishing receiver. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein in the polishing,
a liquid and a polishing material are provided into a polishing receiver having a predetermined volume; the PEEK having the surface coated with titanium is disposed and fixed into the polishing receiver; a magnetic force is generated to the polishing receiver via a magnetic field generator; and the polishing material moves along a predetermined direction with respect to the PEEK having the surface coated with titanium due to the generated magnetic force, so that the titanium coated on the surface of the PEEK is polished to be planarized. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the polishing material is SUS 304. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein in forming the thin-film with titanium dioxide,
the PEEK coated with the polished titanium and platinum (Pt) are dipped into an electrolyte of an anodic oxidation apparatus; an anode of a direct current power is electrically connected to the PEEK coated with the polished titanium, and a cathode thereof is electrically connected to platinum; and a predetermined voltage and a predetermined current are applied to the anode and the cathode in a predetermined temperature for the anodic oxidation of the surface of the polished titanium, so that the thin-film with titanium dioxide having the microporous structure is formed. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the electrolyte comprises 3.75 mole NaOH. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein in forming the thin-film with titanium dioxide,
the temperature is about 18° C., the voltage is between about 10V and about 15V, and the current is between about 0.5 A and about 1 A. | In a method for coating on a surface of a medical PEEK material with titanium to have a microporous structure, titanium is coated on a surface of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) via magnetron sputtering. The surface of the titanium coated on the surface of PEEK is polished via an electromagnetic polishing apparatus. A thin-film with titanium dioxide (TiO2) having a microporous structure is formed on the polished surface of the titanium via an anodic oxidation treatment.1. A method for coating with titanium, comprising:
coating titanium on a surface of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) via magnetron sputtering; polishing the surface of the titanium coated on the surface of PEEK via an electromagnetic polishing apparatus; and forming a thin-film with titanium dioxide (TiO2) having a microporous structure on the polished surface of the titanium via an anodic oxidation treatment. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the coating titanium,
disposing a titanium target inside of a chamber of a magnetron sputtering apparatus; injecting an unalive gas into the chamber; and applying a predetermined voltage to the titanium target with predetermined temperature and pressure conditions, to coat the titanium on the surface of PEEK. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein in the coating titanium on the surface of PEEK,
the pressure is about 5×10−3 torr, the temperature is between about 100° C. and about 150° C., and the power is between about 2 kW and about 3 kW. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a thickness coated on the surface of PEEK is between about 2.5 μm and about 3.0 μm. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein in the coating titanium on the surface of PEEK,
a titanium plasma is generated by the voltage applied between the titanium target and the PEEK with rotating the PEEK, and a magnetic field generated by an electrode reaches the PEEK, so that titanium plasma ions generated around a surface of the titanium target are coated on the surface of PEEK. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic polishing apparatus comprises:
a magnetic field generator having a permanent magnet generating an N pole magnetic field and a permanent generating an S pole magnetic field; a magnetic field converter rotating the magnetic field generator, to covert the positions of the N pole magnetic field and the S pole magnetic field repeatedly by a relatively short period; a polishing receiver configured into which the PEEK having the surface coated with titanium and a polishing material having magnetism are provided, into which the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generator is supplied; and a receiving plate disposed over the magnetic field converter and receiving the polishing receiver. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein in the polishing,
a liquid and a polishing material are provided into a polishing receiver having a predetermined volume; the PEEK having the surface coated with titanium is disposed and fixed into the polishing receiver; a magnetic force is generated to the polishing receiver via a magnetic field generator; and the polishing material moves along a predetermined direction with respect to the PEEK having the surface coated with titanium due to the generated magnetic force, so that the titanium coated on the surface of the PEEK is polished to be planarized. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the polishing material is SUS 304. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein in forming the thin-film with titanium dioxide,
the PEEK coated with the polished titanium and platinum (Pt) are dipped into an electrolyte of an anodic oxidation apparatus; an anode of a direct current power is electrically connected to the PEEK coated with the polished titanium, and a cathode thereof is electrically connected to platinum; and a predetermined voltage and a predetermined current are applied to the anode and the cathode in a predetermined temperature for the anodic oxidation of the surface of the polished titanium, so that the thin-film with titanium dioxide having the microporous structure is formed. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the electrolyte comprises 3.75 mole NaOH. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein in forming the thin-film with titanium dioxide,
the temperature is about 18° C., the voltage is between about 10V and about 15V, and the current is between about 0.5 A and about 1 A. | 1,700 |
340,863 | 16,642,332 | 1,794 | A method for implementing signaling detection includes: information for identifying a detection capability is determined based on a signaling detection capability supported by UE; and the information for identifying a detection capability is reported to a base station. Therefore, the UE can report the information for identifying a detection capability to the base station to enable the base station to configure a detection control parameter based on the signaling detection capability of the UE, such that success rate of signaling detection and the detection efficiency of the UE can be improved. | 1. A method for implementing signaling detection, applied to User Equipment (UE), the method comprising:
determining information for identifying a detection capability based on a signaling detection capability supported by the UE; and reporting the information for identifying a detection capability to a base station. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein reporting the information for identifying a detection capability to the base station comprises:
reporting the information for identifying a detection capability through a first message in a random access procedure. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the information for identifying a detection capability comprises:
determining a random access preamble corresponding to the signaling detection capability supported by the UE. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the random access preamble comprises an information field corresponding to the signaling detection capability supported by the UE. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the information for identifying a detection capability comprises:
determining a preamble set corresponding to the signaling detection capability supported by the UE; and selecting a preamble from the preamble set as the information for identifying a detection capability. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein reporting the information for identifying a detection capability to the base station comprises:
reporting the information for identifying a detection capability through a third message in the random access procedure. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a request, sent by the base station through Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling or a Media Access Control (MAC) control element or physical-layer signaling, for reporting the signaling detection capability supported by the UE. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein reporting the information for identifying a detection capability to the base station comprises:
reporting the information for identifying a detection capability to the base station on a time-frequency resource specified by the base station through an uplink control channel or an uplink data channel. 9. A method for implementing signaling detection, applied to a base station, the method comprising:
receiving information for identifying a detection capability reported by User Equipment (UE); and determining a signaling detection capability of the UE based on the information for identifying a detection capability of the UE. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
determining, based on the signaling detection capability of the UE, a detection control parameter configured for the UE; and sending detection control signaling to the UE, wherein the detection control signaling contains the detection control parameter. 11. The method of claim 9, before receiving the information for identifying a detection capability reported by the UE, further comprising:
sending, through Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling or a Media Access Control (MAC) control element or physical-layer signaling, a request for reporting the signaling detection capability to the UE. 12. A device, comprising:
a processor; and memory configured to store an instruction executable by the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: determine information for identifying a detection capability based on a signaling detection capability supported by UE; and report the information for identifying a detection capability to a base station. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
report the information for identifying a detection capability through a first message in a random access procedure. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a random access preamble corresponding to the signaling detection capability supported by the UE. 15. (canceled) 16. The device of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a preamble set corresponding to the signaling detection capability supported by the UE; and select a preamble from the preamble set as the information for identifying a detection capability. 17. The device of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
report the information for identifying a detection capability through a third message in the random access procedure. 18. The device of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a request, sent by the base station through Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling or a Media Access Control (MAC) control element or physical-layer signaling, for reporting the signaling detection capability supported by the UE. 19. The device of claim 18, wherein the processor is further configured to:
report the information for identifying a detection capability to the base station on a time-frequency resource specified by the base station through an uplink control channel or an uplink data channel. 20. A device implementing the method of claim 9, comprising:
a processor; and memory configured to store an instruction executable by the processor to implement operations of the method; wherein the processor is further configured to: determine, based on the signaling detection capability of the UE, a detection control parameter configured for the UE; and send detection control signaling to the UE, wherein the detection control signaling contains the detection control parameter; or, the processor is further configured to: send, through Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling or a Media Access Control (MAC) control element or physical-layer signaling, a request for reporting the signaling detection capability to the UE. 21.-26. (canceled) 27. A communication system implementing the method of claim 1, comprising the UE and the base station, wherein the base station is configured to:
receive the information for identifying the detection capability reported by the UE; determine the signaling detection capability of the UE based on the information for identifying the detection capability of the UE; and determine, based on the signaling detection capability of the UE, a detection control parameter configured for the UE, to thereby improve success rate and detection efficiency of the UE signaling detection. | A method for implementing signaling detection includes: information for identifying a detection capability is determined based on a signaling detection capability supported by UE; and the information for identifying a detection capability is reported to a base station. Therefore, the UE can report the information for identifying a detection capability to the base station to enable the base station to configure a detection control parameter based on the signaling detection capability of the UE, such that success rate of signaling detection and the detection efficiency of the UE can be improved.1. A method for implementing signaling detection, applied to User Equipment (UE), the method comprising:
determining information for identifying a detection capability based on a signaling detection capability supported by the UE; and reporting the information for identifying a detection capability to a base station. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein reporting the information for identifying a detection capability to the base station comprises:
reporting the information for identifying a detection capability through a first message in a random access procedure. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the information for identifying a detection capability comprises:
determining a random access preamble corresponding to the signaling detection capability supported by the UE. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the random access preamble comprises an information field corresponding to the signaling detection capability supported by the UE. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the information for identifying a detection capability comprises:
determining a preamble set corresponding to the signaling detection capability supported by the UE; and selecting a preamble from the preamble set as the information for identifying a detection capability. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein reporting the information for identifying a detection capability to the base station comprises:
reporting the information for identifying a detection capability through a third message in the random access procedure. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a request, sent by the base station through Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling or a Media Access Control (MAC) control element or physical-layer signaling, for reporting the signaling detection capability supported by the UE. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein reporting the information for identifying a detection capability to the base station comprises:
reporting the information for identifying a detection capability to the base station on a time-frequency resource specified by the base station through an uplink control channel or an uplink data channel. 9. A method for implementing signaling detection, applied to a base station, the method comprising:
receiving information for identifying a detection capability reported by User Equipment (UE); and determining a signaling detection capability of the UE based on the information for identifying a detection capability of the UE. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
determining, based on the signaling detection capability of the UE, a detection control parameter configured for the UE; and sending detection control signaling to the UE, wherein the detection control signaling contains the detection control parameter. 11. The method of claim 9, before receiving the information for identifying a detection capability reported by the UE, further comprising:
sending, through Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling or a Media Access Control (MAC) control element or physical-layer signaling, a request for reporting the signaling detection capability to the UE. 12. A device, comprising:
a processor; and memory configured to store an instruction executable by the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: determine information for identifying a detection capability based on a signaling detection capability supported by UE; and report the information for identifying a detection capability to a base station. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
report the information for identifying a detection capability through a first message in a random access procedure. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a random access preamble corresponding to the signaling detection capability supported by the UE. 15. (canceled) 16. The device of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a preamble set corresponding to the signaling detection capability supported by the UE; and select a preamble from the preamble set as the information for identifying a detection capability. 17. The device of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
report the information for identifying a detection capability through a third message in the random access procedure. 18. The device of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a request, sent by the base station through Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling or a Media Access Control (MAC) control element or physical-layer signaling, for reporting the signaling detection capability supported by the UE. 19. The device of claim 18, wherein the processor is further configured to:
report the information for identifying a detection capability to the base station on a time-frequency resource specified by the base station through an uplink control channel or an uplink data channel. 20. A device implementing the method of claim 9, comprising:
a processor; and memory configured to store an instruction executable by the processor to implement operations of the method; wherein the processor is further configured to: determine, based on the signaling detection capability of the UE, a detection control parameter configured for the UE; and send detection control signaling to the UE, wherein the detection control signaling contains the detection control parameter; or, the processor is further configured to: send, through Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling or a Media Access Control (MAC) control element or physical-layer signaling, a request for reporting the signaling detection capability to the UE. 21.-26. (canceled) 27. A communication system implementing the method of claim 1, comprising the UE and the base station, wherein the base station is configured to:
receive the information for identifying the detection capability reported by the UE; determine the signaling detection capability of the UE based on the information for identifying the detection capability of the UE; and determine, based on the signaling detection capability of the UE, a detection control parameter configured for the UE, to thereby improve success rate and detection efficiency of the UE signaling detection. | 1,700 |
340,864 | 16,642,367 | 3,783 | A backflush needle allowing maintaining the shape of a soft member at the tip when passing through a cannula. A backflush needle is used in an ophthalmic operation with the backflush needle passed through a cannula attached to an eyeball. The needle includes a tubular needle main body to pass through the cannula, a tubular soft member connected to a front end of the needle main body, and a rod-shaped core member to pass through respective tubular hollow cavities of the needle main body and the soft member. The core member is axially movable, allowing protrusion of a front end of the core member from the soft member and retraction of the front end until a position detached from the needle main body. | 1. A backflush needle used in an ophthalmic operation with the backflush needle passed through a cannula attached to an eyeball, comprising:
a tubular needle main body to pass through the cannula; a tubular soft member connected to a front end of the needle main body; and a rod-shaped core member to pass through respective tubular hollow cavities of the needle main body and the soft member, wherein the core member is axially movable, allowing protrusion of a front end of the core member from the soft member and retraction of the front end until a position detached from the needle main body. 2. The backflush needle of claim 1, wherein the core member is joined to a moving member so as to move the moving member that protrudes from a handle joined to the needle main body, thereby carrying out axial movement of the core member. | A backflush needle allowing maintaining the shape of a soft member at the tip when passing through a cannula. A backflush needle is used in an ophthalmic operation with the backflush needle passed through a cannula attached to an eyeball. The needle includes a tubular needle main body to pass through the cannula, a tubular soft member connected to a front end of the needle main body, and a rod-shaped core member to pass through respective tubular hollow cavities of the needle main body and the soft member. The core member is axially movable, allowing protrusion of a front end of the core member from the soft member and retraction of the front end until a position detached from the needle main body.1. A backflush needle used in an ophthalmic operation with the backflush needle passed through a cannula attached to an eyeball, comprising:
a tubular needle main body to pass through the cannula; a tubular soft member connected to a front end of the needle main body; and a rod-shaped core member to pass through respective tubular hollow cavities of the needle main body and the soft member, wherein the core member is axially movable, allowing protrusion of a front end of the core member from the soft member and retraction of the front end until a position detached from the needle main body. 2. The backflush needle of claim 1, wherein the core member is joined to a moving member so as to move the moving member that protrudes from a handle joined to the needle main body, thereby carrying out axial movement of the core member. | 3,700 |
340,865 | 16,642,352 | 3,783 | Orthodontic systems and methods involving segmentary shells are disclosed. Examples of the systems and methods are particularly focused on applying a distalization force to a segment of teeth in a posterior lateral sector. | 1. An orthodontic system comprising:
a removable segmentary shell for being fitted on a segment of teeth in a posterior lateral sector of an arch, the segment of teeth comprising between two and six adjacent teeth and extending from a canine or premolar to a premolar or molar; and a resilient traction element, wherein the removable segmentary shell comprises a labial retention feature configured to be coupled with the resilient traction element; and wherein the orthodontic system is configured to apply forces in a distal direction to the segment of teeth, without transferring the forces to other teeth outside the segment in the arch. 2. The orthodontic system according to claim 1, wherein the resilient traction element is an elastic band. 3. The orthodontic system according to claim 2, wherein the labial retention feature for receiving the resilient traction element is a hook. 4. The orthodontic system according to claim 1, further comprising an anchor for receiving the resilient traction element. 5. The orthodontic system according to claim 4, wherein the anchor is a bracket configured for mounting on a tooth. 6. The orthodontic system according to claim 1, wherein the segmentary shell comprises a first unilateral indent between a first pair of teeth of the segment, wherein the first indent is oversized with respect to a space between the first pair of teeth, such that the first indent is compressed when the shell is positioned on the segment of teeth. 7. The orthodontic system according to claim 6, wherein the first unilateral indent is an indent on a labial side. 8. The orthodontic system according to claim 6, wherein the first pair of teeth of the segment include a premolar and a first molar. 9. The orthodontic system according to claim 6, wherein the segmentary shell comprises a second unilateral indent on a side opposite to the unilateral indent and between a second pair of teeth of the segment, wherein the second indent is oversized with respect to a space between the second pair of teeth, such that the second indent is compressed when the shell is positioned on the segment of teeth. 10. The orthodontic system according to claim 9, wherein the second pair of teeth of the segment are a first molar and a second molar. 11. The orthodontic system according to claim 1, further comprising a fixating complete shell covering a complete dental arch of either the maxilla or mandible. 12. The orthodontic system according to claim 1, comprising a series of consecutive segmentary shells, wherein the segmentary shells are configured to apply a corrective distal force to the segment of teeth, and wherein the consecutive segmentary shells of the series are shaped to correspond to consecutive positions of the segment of teeth in a desired treatment. 13. The orthodontic system according to claim 12, wherein the series of consecutive segmentary shells are configured not to apply corrective forces other than forces in the distal direction to canine or premolars. 14. The orthodontic system according to claim 12, wherein one or more shells of the series of segmentary shells are configured to apply a rotational force to a molar around a palatal root of the molar, wherein optionally the molar is a first molar. 15. The orthodontic system according to claim 1, wherein the segment extends from a canine to a molar. 16. An orthodontic system comprising:
a removable segmentary shell for being fitted on a segment of teeth in a posterior lateral sector of an arch, the segment of teeth comprising between two and six adjacent teeth and extending from a canine or premolar to a premolar or molar; and a resilient traction element, wherein the removable segmentary shell comprises an opening for fitting around a labial retention feature provided on a tooth of the segment of teeth, the labial retention feature configured for receiving the resilient traction element, and wherein the orthodontic system is configured to apply forces in a distal direction to the segment of teeth, without transferring the forces to other teeth outside the segment in the arch. 17. The orthodontic system according to claim 16, wherein the segmentary shell is substantially transparent or translucent. 18. The orthodontic system according to claim 16, wherein the resilient traction element is an elastic band. 19. The orthodontic system according to claim 18, wherein the labial retention feature for receiving the resilient traction element is a hook. 20. The orthodontic system according to claim 16, wherein the segmentary shell comprises a first unilateral indent on a labial side between a premolar and a molar of the segment, wherein the first indent is oversized with respect to a space between the premolar and the molar, such that the first indent is compressed when the shell is positioned on the segment of teeth. | Orthodontic systems and methods involving segmentary shells are disclosed. Examples of the systems and methods are particularly focused on applying a distalization force to a segment of teeth in a posterior lateral sector.1. An orthodontic system comprising:
a removable segmentary shell for being fitted on a segment of teeth in a posterior lateral sector of an arch, the segment of teeth comprising between two and six adjacent teeth and extending from a canine or premolar to a premolar or molar; and a resilient traction element, wherein the removable segmentary shell comprises a labial retention feature configured to be coupled with the resilient traction element; and wherein the orthodontic system is configured to apply forces in a distal direction to the segment of teeth, without transferring the forces to other teeth outside the segment in the arch. 2. The orthodontic system according to claim 1, wherein the resilient traction element is an elastic band. 3. The orthodontic system according to claim 2, wherein the labial retention feature for receiving the resilient traction element is a hook. 4. The orthodontic system according to claim 1, further comprising an anchor for receiving the resilient traction element. 5. The orthodontic system according to claim 4, wherein the anchor is a bracket configured for mounting on a tooth. 6. The orthodontic system according to claim 1, wherein the segmentary shell comprises a first unilateral indent between a first pair of teeth of the segment, wherein the first indent is oversized with respect to a space between the first pair of teeth, such that the first indent is compressed when the shell is positioned on the segment of teeth. 7. The orthodontic system according to claim 6, wherein the first unilateral indent is an indent on a labial side. 8. The orthodontic system according to claim 6, wherein the first pair of teeth of the segment include a premolar and a first molar. 9. The orthodontic system according to claim 6, wherein the segmentary shell comprises a second unilateral indent on a side opposite to the unilateral indent and between a second pair of teeth of the segment, wherein the second indent is oversized with respect to a space between the second pair of teeth, such that the second indent is compressed when the shell is positioned on the segment of teeth. 10. The orthodontic system according to claim 9, wherein the second pair of teeth of the segment are a first molar and a second molar. 11. The orthodontic system according to claim 1, further comprising a fixating complete shell covering a complete dental arch of either the maxilla or mandible. 12. The orthodontic system according to claim 1, comprising a series of consecutive segmentary shells, wherein the segmentary shells are configured to apply a corrective distal force to the segment of teeth, and wherein the consecutive segmentary shells of the series are shaped to correspond to consecutive positions of the segment of teeth in a desired treatment. 13. The orthodontic system according to claim 12, wherein the series of consecutive segmentary shells are configured not to apply corrective forces other than forces in the distal direction to canine or premolars. 14. The orthodontic system according to claim 12, wherein one or more shells of the series of segmentary shells are configured to apply a rotational force to a molar around a palatal root of the molar, wherein optionally the molar is a first molar. 15. The orthodontic system according to claim 1, wherein the segment extends from a canine to a molar. 16. An orthodontic system comprising:
a removable segmentary shell for being fitted on a segment of teeth in a posterior lateral sector of an arch, the segment of teeth comprising between two and six adjacent teeth and extending from a canine or premolar to a premolar or molar; and a resilient traction element, wherein the removable segmentary shell comprises an opening for fitting around a labial retention feature provided on a tooth of the segment of teeth, the labial retention feature configured for receiving the resilient traction element, and wherein the orthodontic system is configured to apply forces in a distal direction to the segment of teeth, without transferring the forces to other teeth outside the segment in the arch. 17. The orthodontic system according to claim 16, wherein the segmentary shell is substantially transparent or translucent. 18. The orthodontic system according to claim 16, wherein the resilient traction element is an elastic band. 19. The orthodontic system according to claim 18, wherein the labial retention feature for receiving the resilient traction element is a hook. 20. The orthodontic system according to claim 16, wherein the segmentary shell comprises a first unilateral indent on a labial side between a premolar and a molar of the segment, wherein the first indent is oversized with respect to a space between the premolar and the molar, such that the first indent is compressed when the shell is positioned on the segment of teeth. | 3,700 |
340,866 | 16,642,345 | 3,783 | A method for controlling a multiphase separately excited synchronous generator in a wind turbine is provided. The generator has a stator and an armature having an excitation input, connected to an excitation controller, for inputting an excitation current or an excitation voltage. The stator has a stator output, connected to a rectifier, for delivering stator currents. The rectifier is controllable to control the stator currents by detecting a speed of the armature or rotor, determining a setpoint power to be delivered by the generator or the turbine based on the speed, determining an excitation current or voltage based on the detected speed and determined setpoint power, inputting the excitation current or voltage by excitation controller at the excitation input, determining the stator currents as setpoint stator currents based on the speed and the setpoint power, and controlling the rectifier to set the stator currents to the setpoint stator currents. | 1. A method for controlling a multiphase separately excited synchronous generator in a wind turbine, comprising:
detecting a speed of an armature or aerodynamic rotor of the wind turbine, wherein the synchronous generator includes a stator and the armature, and the armature has an excitation input for inputting an excitation current or an excitation voltage, wherein an excitation controller is connected to the excitation input for inputting the excitation current or the excitation voltage, wherein the stator has a stator output for delivering stator currents, wherein a rectifier is connected to the stator output for rectifying the stator currents and for providing the stator currents to a direct current (DC) link connected to the rectifier, and wherein the rectifier is controllable in order to control the stator currents; determining a setpoint power to be delivered by the synchronous generator or the wind turbine based on the speed; determining the excitation current or the excitation voltage based on the speed and the setpoint power; inputting, by the excitation controller, the excitation current or the excitation voltage at the excitation input; determining the stator currents to be delivered as setpoint stator currents based on the detected speed and the setpoint power; and controlling the rectifier to set the stator currents to be delivered at the stator output to the setpoint stator currents, wherein at least one of: determining the excitation current or the excitation voltage, or determining the stator currents to be delivered as the setpoint stator currents is performed effected by an adaptive control device, wherein the excitation current or the excitation voltage or the stator currents to be delivered are control variables for the adaptive control device. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
estimating, by an estimating device, parameters of the synchronous generator as estimated quantities for the synchronous generator, wherein the parameters of the synchronous generator include at least one of: magnetization inductances, a stator resistance, or an excitation resistance; and determining, by the adaptive control device, the control variables based on the estimated quantities. 3. The method as claimed in claim 2, comprising:
determining, by the adaptive control device, the control variables based on a model of the synchronous generator; and adapting the model or relationships derived therefrom based on the estimated quantities. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wind turbine is a gearless wind turbine, the synchronous generator is a ring generator, and the stator has at least two three-phase systems. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
operating at least one inductance of the synchronous generator in a range of saturation to cause at least one parameter to change; and detecting, by an the estimating device, the at least one parameter. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
estimating, by an estimating device, parameters of the synchronous generator based on: at least one stator voltage of one or more three-phase stator systems, or at least one stator current of the three-phase stator system or at least one of a plurality of three-phase stator systems. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
estimating, by an estimating device, d/q components of a magnetization inductance of the synchronous generator. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
determining, by the adaptive control device, the setpoint stator currents in d/q coordinates; and transforming the setpoint stator currents into a three-phase representation with one current value per phase to control the rectifier to set the stator currents to be delivered to the setpoint stator currents. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the DC link is connected to an inverter and the inverter converts energy of the DC link into a three-phase current for supply to an electrical supply system. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
determining the setpoint power based on the speed and a detected power output of the synchronous generator or the wind turbine by at least: determining an intermediate power based on the detected speed; determining a control error based on comparing the intermediate power as a setpoint value with the detected power output as an actual value; providing the control error to a PI controller; and determining the setpoint power by the PI controller. 11. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
controlling the adaptive control device such that an efficiency of the synchronous generator is maximized. 12. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
estimating at least one magnetization inductance using a respective inductance characteristic curve, wherein the respective inductance characteristic curve prescribes values of the magnetization inductance based on a magnetization current; and adapting values of the respective inductance characteristic curve an initial characteristic curve incrementally using the estimation. 13. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
determining the setpoint stator currents by using, for a respective one of the setpoint stator currents, a respective setpoint stator current characteristic curve, wherein: the respective setpoint stator current characteristic curve indicates a relationship between the setpoint power to be delivered and the respective setpoint stator current to be determined, and the respective one of the setpoint stator currents is determined in accordance with the respective setpoint stator current characteristic curve based on the setpoint power to be delivered. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein at least one of stator current characteristic curves is adapted to changed conditions in a recurring routine, wherein:
the at least one stator current characteristic curve is adapted based on at least one quantity from a list including: estimated magnetization inductances; an estimated stator resistance; and an estimated excitation resistance, and wherein: the recurring routine is performed less often than a respective one of the setpoint stator currents is determined in accordance with the respective setpoint stator current characteristic curve. 15. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
determining the setpoint stator currents online based on the setpoint power and at least one quantity from a list including:
estimated magnetization inductances;
an estimated stator resistance; and
an estimated excitation resistance. 16. A wind turbine, comprising:
a multiphase separately excited synchronous generator; an aerodynamic rotor; a stator having a stator output configured to deliver stator currents; a rectifier, connected to the stator output, configured to rectify the stator currents and provide the stator currents to a direct current (DC) link connected to the rectifier, the rectifier being controllable to control the stator currents; an armature having an excitation input configured to input an excitation current or an excitation voltage; and an excitation controller connected to the excitation input; wherein the synchronous generator is controlled by:
detecting a speed of the armature or the aerodynamic rotor; and
providing a control device configured to:
determine a setpoint power to be delivered by the synchronous generator or the wind turbine based on the speed; and
determine an excitation current or an excitation voltage based on the speed and the setpoint power, wherein the excitation controller is configured to cause the excitation current or the excitation voltage to be provided at the excitation input;
determine the stator currents to be delivered as setpoint stator currents based on the speed and the setpoint power; and
control the rectifier to set the stator currents to be delivered at the stator output to the setpoint stator currents by at least: determining the excitation current or the excitation voltage; and determining the stator currents to be delivered as setpoint stator currents, the control device is an adaptive control device, wherein the excitation current, the excitation voltage or the stator currents form control variables for the control device. 17. (canceled) 18. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the recurring routine is repeated at a frequency in a range of 0.01 to 10 Hertz (Hz). | A method for controlling a multiphase separately excited synchronous generator in a wind turbine is provided. The generator has a stator and an armature having an excitation input, connected to an excitation controller, for inputting an excitation current or an excitation voltage. The stator has a stator output, connected to a rectifier, for delivering stator currents. The rectifier is controllable to control the stator currents by detecting a speed of the armature or rotor, determining a setpoint power to be delivered by the generator or the turbine based on the speed, determining an excitation current or voltage based on the detected speed and determined setpoint power, inputting the excitation current or voltage by excitation controller at the excitation input, determining the stator currents as setpoint stator currents based on the speed and the setpoint power, and controlling the rectifier to set the stator currents to the setpoint stator currents.1. A method for controlling a multiphase separately excited synchronous generator in a wind turbine, comprising:
detecting a speed of an armature or aerodynamic rotor of the wind turbine, wherein the synchronous generator includes a stator and the armature, and the armature has an excitation input for inputting an excitation current or an excitation voltage, wherein an excitation controller is connected to the excitation input for inputting the excitation current or the excitation voltage, wherein the stator has a stator output for delivering stator currents, wherein a rectifier is connected to the stator output for rectifying the stator currents and for providing the stator currents to a direct current (DC) link connected to the rectifier, and wherein the rectifier is controllable in order to control the stator currents; determining a setpoint power to be delivered by the synchronous generator or the wind turbine based on the speed; determining the excitation current or the excitation voltage based on the speed and the setpoint power; inputting, by the excitation controller, the excitation current or the excitation voltage at the excitation input; determining the stator currents to be delivered as setpoint stator currents based on the detected speed and the setpoint power; and controlling the rectifier to set the stator currents to be delivered at the stator output to the setpoint stator currents, wherein at least one of: determining the excitation current or the excitation voltage, or determining the stator currents to be delivered as the setpoint stator currents is performed effected by an adaptive control device, wherein the excitation current or the excitation voltage or the stator currents to be delivered are control variables for the adaptive control device. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
estimating, by an estimating device, parameters of the synchronous generator as estimated quantities for the synchronous generator, wherein the parameters of the synchronous generator include at least one of: magnetization inductances, a stator resistance, or an excitation resistance; and determining, by the adaptive control device, the control variables based on the estimated quantities. 3. The method as claimed in claim 2, comprising:
determining, by the adaptive control device, the control variables based on a model of the synchronous generator; and adapting the model or relationships derived therefrom based on the estimated quantities. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wind turbine is a gearless wind turbine, the synchronous generator is a ring generator, and the stator has at least two three-phase systems. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
operating at least one inductance of the synchronous generator in a range of saturation to cause at least one parameter to change; and detecting, by an the estimating device, the at least one parameter. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
estimating, by an estimating device, parameters of the synchronous generator based on: at least one stator voltage of one or more three-phase stator systems, or at least one stator current of the three-phase stator system or at least one of a plurality of three-phase stator systems. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
estimating, by an estimating device, d/q components of a magnetization inductance of the synchronous generator. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
determining, by the adaptive control device, the setpoint stator currents in d/q coordinates; and transforming the setpoint stator currents into a three-phase representation with one current value per phase to control the rectifier to set the stator currents to be delivered to the setpoint stator currents. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the DC link is connected to an inverter and the inverter converts energy of the DC link into a three-phase current for supply to an electrical supply system. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
determining the setpoint power based on the speed and a detected power output of the synchronous generator or the wind turbine by at least: determining an intermediate power based on the detected speed; determining a control error based on comparing the intermediate power as a setpoint value with the detected power output as an actual value; providing the control error to a PI controller; and determining the setpoint power by the PI controller. 11. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
controlling the adaptive control device such that an efficiency of the synchronous generator is maximized. 12. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
estimating at least one magnetization inductance using a respective inductance characteristic curve, wherein the respective inductance characteristic curve prescribes values of the magnetization inductance based on a magnetization current; and adapting values of the respective inductance characteristic curve an initial characteristic curve incrementally using the estimation. 13. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
determining the setpoint stator currents by using, for a respective one of the setpoint stator currents, a respective setpoint stator current characteristic curve, wherein: the respective setpoint stator current characteristic curve indicates a relationship between the setpoint power to be delivered and the respective setpoint stator current to be determined, and the respective one of the setpoint stator currents is determined in accordance with the respective setpoint stator current characteristic curve based on the setpoint power to be delivered. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein at least one of stator current characteristic curves is adapted to changed conditions in a recurring routine, wherein:
the at least one stator current characteristic curve is adapted based on at least one quantity from a list including: estimated magnetization inductances; an estimated stator resistance; and an estimated excitation resistance, and wherein: the recurring routine is performed less often than a respective one of the setpoint stator currents is determined in accordance with the respective setpoint stator current characteristic curve. 15. The method as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
determining the setpoint stator currents online based on the setpoint power and at least one quantity from a list including:
estimated magnetization inductances;
an estimated stator resistance; and
an estimated excitation resistance. 16. A wind turbine, comprising:
a multiphase separately excited synchronous generator; an aerodynamic rotor; a stator having a stator output configured to deliver stator currents; a rectifier, connected to the stator output, configured to rectify the stator currents and provide the stator currents to a direct current (DC) link connected to the rectifier, the rectifier being controllable to control the stator currents; an armature having an excitation input configured to input an excitation current or an excitation voltage; and an excitation controller connected to the excitation input; wherein the synchronous generator is controlled by:
detecting a speed of the armature or the aerodynamic rotor; and
providing a control device configured to:
determine a setpoint power to be delivered by the synchronous generator or the wind turbine based on the speed; and
determine an excitation current or an excitation voltage based on the speed and the setpoint power, wherein the excitation controller is configured to cause the excitation current or the excitation voltage to be provided at the excitation input;
determine the stator currents to be delivered as setpoint stator currents based on the speed and the setpoint power; and
control the rectifier to set the stator currents to be delivered at the stator output to the setpoint stator currents by at least: determining the excitation current or the excitation voltage; and determining the stator currents to be delivered as setpoint stator currents, the control device is an adaptive control device, wherein the excitation current, the excitation voltage or the stator currents form control variables for the control device. 17. (canceled) 18. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the recurring routine is repeated at a frequency in a range of 0.01 to 10 Hertz (Hz). | 3,700 |
340,867 | 16,642,361 | 3,783 | A display module Gamma correction method includes: obtaining corrected Gamma register values corresponding to binding points of a grayscale by correcting register values of s binding points selected from a set of m binding points of the grayscale based on a group of initial Gamma register values that correspond to the m binding points and a target Gamma curve; selecting, from x sets of alternate Gamma register values wherein each set corresponds to m binding points and the initial Gamma register values, a set of Gamma register values used for Gamma correction of the display module(s) as reference register values; and; and correcting register values of remaining m−s binding points based on the reference Gamma register values and the target Gamma curve to obtain a set of target Gamma register values corresponding to the m binding points, wherein s, m and x are all integers greater than one. | 1. A method for Gamma correction in display module(s), the method comprising:
obtaining corrected Gamma register values corresponding to binding points of a grayscale by correcting register values of s binding points selected from a set of m binding points of the grayscale based on a group of initial Gamma register values that correspond to the m binding points and a target Gamma curve; selecting, from x sets of alternate Gamma register values wherein each set corresponds to m binding points and the initial Gamma register values, a set of Gamma register values used for Gamma correction of the display module(s) as reference register values; and correcting register values of remaining (m−s) binding points based on the reference Gamma register values and the target Gamma curve to obtain a set of target Gamma register values corresponding to the m binding points; wherein s, m, and x are all integers greater than one. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the selecting, from x sets of alternate Gamma register values wherein each set corresponds to m binding points and the initial Gamma register values, a set of Gamma register values used for Gamma correction of the display module(s) as the reference register values comprises:
selecting, from the x sets of alternate Gamma register values, a set that is closest to the corrected Gamma values as a set of optimal Gamma register values; using the set of optimal Gamma register values as the reference Gamma register values when a maximum deviation between the set of optimal Gamma register values and the corrected Gamma register values is smaller than a value; and using the initial Gamma register values as the reference Gamma register values when the maximum deviation between the optimal Gamma register values and the corrected Gamma register is greater than the value. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the selecting, from the x sets of alternate Gamma register values, a set that is closest to the corrected Gamma values as a set of optimal Gamma register values comprises:
obtaining a set of original optimal Gamma register values based on the corrected Gamma register values corresponding to the s binding points; and selecting a set of alternate Gamma register values that is most frequently designated as the set of original optimal Gamma register values to be the set of optimal Gamma register values. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the selecting, from x sets of alternate Gamma register values wherein each set corresponds to m binding points and the initial Gamma register values, a set of Gamma register values used for Gamma correction of the display module(s) as the reference register values further comprises:
selecting, from the x sets of alternate Gamma register values, a set which has biggest deviation from the corrected Gamma register values as a worst Gamma register values; and replacing the worst Gamma register values with the target Gamma register values and storing the target Gamma register values. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the selecting, from the x sets of alternate Gamma register values, a set which has biggest deviation from the corrected Gamma register values as a worst Gamma register values comprises:
obtaining a set of original worst Gamma register values based on the corrected Gamma register values corresponding to the s binding points; and selecting a set of alternate Gamma register values that is most frequently designated as the set of original worst Gamma register values to be the set of worst Gamma register values. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the s binding points are selected from the first successive s binding points in the set of m binding points. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the m binding points are divided into multiple groups, each corresponding to a different backlight brightness. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the initial Gamma register values are fixed values, or the target Gamma register values are used as the initial Gamma register values for the Gamma correction of the next display module. 9. A display module Gamma correction device, comprising:
a storage unit configured to store m binding point values of a grayscale corresponding to a set of initial Gamma register values and x sets of alternate Gamma register values; a Gamma correction unit configured to obtain corrected Gamma register values corresponding to binding points of a grayscale by correcting register values of s binding points selected from the set of m binding points of the grayscale based on a group of initial Gamma register values that correspond to the m binding points and a Gamma curve; and a reference Gamma register value selecting unit configured to select, from x sets of alternate Gamma register values wherein each set corresponds to m binding points and the initial Gamma register values, a set of Gamma register values used for Gamma correction of the display module(s) as reference register values; 10. The Gamma correction device of claim 9, wherein the Gamma correction unit is further configured to perform:
Selecting, from the x sets of alternate Gamma register values, a set that is closest to the corrected Gamma values as a set of optimal Gamma register values; using the set of optimal Gamma register values as reference Gamma register values when a maximum deviation between the set of optimal Gamma register values and the corrected Gamma register values is smaller than a value; and using the initial Gamma register values as the reference Gamma register values when the maximum deviation between the optimal Gamma register values and the corrected Gamma register is greater than the value. 11. The Gamma correction device of claim 9, wherein the reference Gamma register value selection unit is further configured to perform:
obtaining a set of original optimal Gamma register values based on the corrected Gamma register values corresponding to the s binding points; selecting a set of alternate Gamma register values that is most frequently designated as the set of original optimal Gamma register values to be the set of optimal Gamma register values; selecting from the x sets of Gamma register values the set that deviates most from the Gamma register values being corrected to be the worst Gamma register values; and replacing the worst Gamma register values with a set of target Gamma register values obtained after performing Gamma correction. 12. The Gamma correction device of claim 11, wherein the selecting the optimal Gamma register values and the worst Gamma register values further comprises:
obtaining a set of original worst Gamma register values based on the correct Gamma register values corresponding to the s binding points; and selecting a set of alternate Gamma register values that is most frequently designated as the original worst Gamma register values to be the set of worst Gamma register values. 13. The Gamma correction device of claim 9, wherein the s binding points are selected from the first successive s binding points in the set of m binding points. 14. The Gamma correction device of claim 13, wherein the m binding points are further divided into multiple groups, each corresponding to a different backlight brightness. 15. The Gamma correction device of claim 14, wherein the initial Gamma register values are fixed values, or the target Gamma register values are used as the initial Gamma correction of the next display module. 16. A display module manufacturing system comprising the Gamma correction device according to claim 15, the system further comprising:
a signal generator configured to generate drive signals to drive display modules; and an optical testing system configured to measure light generated by the display modules. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the display modules are active matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) display modules comprising a plurality of thin-film transistors (TFTs), and the drive signals are configured to adjust drive voltages of the TFTs. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the set of reference Gamma register values include different values for different display modules among the plurality of display modules. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the system is an assembly line for the display modules. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored therein, wherein when said instructions are executed by a Gamma correction device, said instructions cause said Gamma correction device to perform a Gamma correction method according to claim 1. | A display module Gamma correction method includes: obtaining corrected Gamma register values corresponding to binding points of a grayscale by correcting register values of s binding points selected from a set of m binding points of the grayscale based on a group of initial Gamma register values that correspond to the m binding points and a target Gamma curve; selecting, from x sets of alternate Gamma register values wherein each set corresponds to m binding points and the initial Gamma register values, a set of Gamma register values used for Gamma correction of the display module(s) as reference register values; and; and correcting register values of remaining m−s binding points based on the reference Gamma register values and the target Gamma curve to obtain a set of target Gamma register values corresponding to the m binding points, wherein s, m and x are all integers greater than one.1. A method for Gamma correction in display module(s), the method comprising:
obtaining corrected Gamma register values corresponding to binding points of a grayscale by correcting register values of s binding points selected from a set of m binding points of the grayscale based on a group of initial Gamma register values that correspond to the m binding points and a target Gamma curve; selecting, from x sets of alternate Gamma register values wherein each set corresponds to m binding points and the initial Gamma register values, a set of Gamma register values used for Gamma correction of the display module(s) as reference register values; and correcting register values of remaining (m−s) binding points based on the reference Gamma register values and the target Gamma curve to obtain a set of target Gamma register values corresponding to the m binding points; wherein s, m, and x are all integers greater than one. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the selecting, from x sets of alternate Gamma register values wherein each set corresponds to m binding points and the initial Gamma register values, a set of Gamma register values used for Gamma correction of the display module(s) as the reference register values comprises:
selecting, from the x sets of alternate Gamma register values, a set that is closest to the corrected Gamma values as a set of optimal Gamma register values; using the set of optimal Gamma register values as the reference Gamma register values when a maximum deviation between the set of optimal Gamma register values and the corrected Gamma register values is smaller than a value; and using the initial Gamma register values as the reference Gamma register values when the maximum deviation between the optimal Gamma register values and the corrected Gamma register is greater than the value. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the selecting, from the x sets of alternate Gamma register values, a set that is closest to the corrected Gamma values as a set of optimal Gamma register values comprises:
obtaining a set of original optimal Gamma register values based on the corrected Gamma register values corresponding to the s binding points; and selecting a set of alternate Gamma register values that is most frequently designated as the set of original optimal Gamma register values to be the set of optimal Gamma register values. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the selecting, from x sets of alternate Gamma register values wherein each set corresponds to m binding points and the initial Gamma register values, a set of Gamma register values used for Gamma correction of the display module(s) as the reference register values further comprises:
selecting, from the x sets of alternate Gamma register values, a set which has biggest deviation from the corrected Gamma register values as a worst Gamma register values; and replacing the worst Gamma register values with the target Gamma register values and storing the target Gamma register values. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the selecting, from the x sets of alternate Gamma register values, a set which has biggest deviation from the corrected Gamma register values as a worst Gamma register values comprises:
obtaining a set of original worst Gamma register values based on the corrected Gamma register values corresponding to the s binding points; and selecting a set of alternate Gamma register values that is most frequently designated as the set of original worst Gamma register values to be the set of worst Gamma register values. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the s binding points are selected from the first successive s binding points in the set of m binding points. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the m binding points are divided into multiple groups, each corresponding to a different backlight brightness. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the initial Gamma register values are fixed values, or the target Gamma register values are used as the initial Gamma register values for the Gamma correction of the next display module. 9. A display module Gamma correction device, comprising:
a storage unit configured to store m binding point values of a grayscale corresponding to a set of initial Gamma register values and x sets of alternate Gamma register values; a Gamma correction unit configured to obtain corrected Gamma register values corresponding to binding points of a grayscale by correcting register values of s binding points selected from the set of m binding points of the grayscale based on a group of initial Gamma register values that correspond to the m binding points and a Gamma curve; and a reference Gamma register value selecting unit configured to select, from x sets of alternate Gamma register values wherein each set corresponds to m binding points and the initial Gamma register values, a set of Gamma register values used for Gamma correction of the display module(s) as reference register values; 10. The Gamma correction device of claim 9, wherein the Gamma correction unit is further configured to perform:
Selecting, from the x sets of alternate Gamma register values, a set that is closest to the corrected Gamma values as a set of optimal Gamma register values; using the set of optimal Gamma register values as reference Gamma register values when a maximum deviation between the set of optimal Gamma register values and the corrected Gamma register values is smaller than a value; and using the initial Gamma register values as the reference Gamma register values when the maximum deviation between the optimal Gamma register values and the corrected Gamma register is greater than the value. 11. The Gamma correction device of claim 9, wherein the reference Gamma register value selection unit is further configured to perform:
obtaining a set of original optimal Gamma register values based on the corrected Gamma register values corresponding to the s binding points; selecting a set of alternate Gamma register values that is most frequently designated as the set of original optimal Gamma register values to be the set of optimal Gamma register values; selecting from the x sets of Gamma register values the set that deviates most from the Gamma register values being corrected to be the worst Gamma register values; and replacing the worst Gamma register values with a set of target Gamma register values obtained after performing Gamma correction. 12. The Gamma correction device of claim 11, wherein the selecting the optimal Gamma register values and the worst Gamma register values further comprises:
obtaining a set of original worst Gamma register values based on the correct Gamma register values corresponding to the s binding points; and selecting a set of alternate Gamma register values that is most frequently designated as the original worst Gamma register values to be the set of worst Gamma register values. 13. The Gamma correction device of claim 9, wherein the s binding points are selected from the first successive s binding points in the set of m binding points. 14. The Gamma correction device of claim 13, wherein the m binding points are further divided into multiple groups, each corresponding to a different backlight brightness. 15. The Gamma correction device of claim 14, wherein the initial Gamma register values are fixed values, or the target Gamma register values are used as the initial Gamma correction of the next display module. 16. A display module manufacturing system comprising the Gamma correction device according to claim 15, the system further comprising:
a signal generator configured to generate drive signals to drive display modules; and an optical testing system configured to measure light generated by the display modules. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the display modules are active matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) display modules comprising a plurality of thin-film transistors (TFTs), and the drive signals are configured to adjust drive voltages of the TFTs. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the set of reference Gamma register values include different values for different display modules among the plurality of display modules. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the system is an assembly line for the display modules. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored therein, wherein when said instructions are executed by a Gamma correction device, said instructions cause said Gamma correction device to perform a Gamma correction method according to claim 1. | 3,700 |
340,868 | 16,642,335 | 3,783 | Techniques and mechanisms to impose stress on a transistor which includes a channel region and a source or drain region each in a fin structure. In an embodiment, a gate structure of the transistor extends over the fin structure, wherein a first spacer portion is at a sidewall of the gate structure and a second spacer portion adjoins the first spacer portion. Either or both of two features are present at or under respective bottom edges of the spacer portions. One of the features includes a line of discontinuity on the fin structure. The other feature includes a concentration of a dopant in the second spacer portion being greater than a concentration of the dopant in the source or drain region. In another embodiment, the fin structure is disposed on a buffer layer, wherein stress on the channel region is imposed at least in part with the buffer layer. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. An integrated circuit (IC) device comprising:
a buffer layer including a semiconductor lattice; a fin structure disposed on the buffer layer, the fin structure including a channel region of a transistor and a source or drain region of the transistor, wherein a stress is imposed on the channel region with the buffer layer; a gate structure of the transistor, wherein the gate structure extends over the fin structure; a first spacer portion disposed on a sidewall of the gate structure; and a second spacer portion adjoining the first spacer portion, wherein:
a line of discontinuity is formed on the fin structure at an interface of the first spacer portion and the second spacer portion; or
the second spacer portion and the source or drain region each include a dopant, wherein a concentration of the dopant in the second spacer portion is greater than a concentration of the dopant in the source or drain region. 27. The IC device of claim 26, wherein the surface of the fin structure forms the line of discontinuity, wherein the line of discontinuity defines at least in part a recess portion under the first spacer portion. 28. The IC device of claim 26, wherein the surface of the fin structure forms the line of discontinuity, wherein the line of discontinuity defines at least in part a recess portion under the second spacer portion. 29. The IC device of claim 26, wherein the concentration of the dopant in the second spacer portion is greater than the concentration of the dopant in the source or drain region, and the line of discontinuity is formed on the fin structure at the interface. 30. The IC device of claim 26, wherein the line of discontinuity is formed on the fin structure at the interface of the first spacer portion and the second spacer portion, or a concentration of a dopant in the second spacer portion is greater than a concentration of the dopant in the source or drain region. 31. The IC device of claim 26, wherein one of the buffer layer and the fin structure comprises silicon germanium having a first silicon-to-germanium component ratio other than a second silicon-to-germanium component ratio of the other of the buffer layer and the fin structure. 32. The IC device of claim 26, wherein the line of discontinuity forms an edge of a depression, wherein a height of the depression is at least 0.5 nanometers. 33. The IC device of claim 26, wherein an overall thickness of both the first spacer portion and the second spacer portion is in a range of 0.5 nanometers (nm) to 15 nm. 34. A method comprising:
forming a gate structure of a transistor, wherein the gate structure extends over a fin structure disposed on a buffer layer including a semiconductor lattice; depositing a first spacer portion on a sidewall of the gate structure; after depositing the first spacer portion, forming a second spacer portion which adjoins the first spacer portion; and forming in the fin structure a source or drain region of the transistor, wherein a stress is imposed on the channel region of the transistor with the buffer layer, wherein:
a line of discontinuity is formed on the fin structure at an interface of the first spacer portion and the second spacer portion; or
the second spacer portion and the source or drain region each include a dopant, wherein a concentration of the dopant in the second spacer portion is greater than a concentration of the dopant in the source or drain region. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein forming the source or drain region includes:
after depositing the first spacer portion, forming a doped epitaxial layer on the fin structure; and performing an indiffusion from the doped epitaxial layer into the fin structure. 36. The method of claim 34, wherein forming the source or drain region includes:
after forming the first spacer portion, depositing a doped glass material on the fin structure; and performing an indiffusion from the doped glass material into the fin structure. 37. The method of claim 34, wherein the concentration of the dopant in the second spacer portion is greater than the concentration of the dopant in the source or drain region, and wherein forming the source or drain region includes performing an indiffusion from the doped material into the fin structure. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein forming the source or drain region further comprises:
after depositing the first spacer portion, forming a doped layer on the fin structure; and before forming the second spacer portion, performing an indiffusion from the doped layer into the fin structure. 39. The method of claim 34, wherein forming the source or drain region includes:
after forming the first spacer portion and before forming the second spacer portion, performing an ion implantation of the fin structure. 40. The method of claim 34, wherein forming the source or drain region includes:
after forming the first spacer portion and before forming the second spacer portion, performing a plasma implantation of the fin structure. 41. The method of claim 34, wherein one of the buffer layer and the fin structure comprises silicon germanium having a first silicon-to-germanium component ratio other than a second silicon-to-germanium component ratio of the other of the buffer layer and the fin structure. 42. The method of claim 34, wherein the line of discontinuity forms an edge of a depression, wherein a height of the depression is at least 0.5 nanometers. 43. The method of claim 34, wherein an overall thickness of both the first spacer portion and the second spacer portion is in a range of 0.5 nanometers (nm) to 15 nm. 44. A system comprising:
an integrated circuit (IC) device comprising:
a buffer layer including a semiconductor lattice;
a fin structure disposed on the buffer layer, the fin structure including a channel region of a transistor and a source or drain region of the transistor, wherein a stress is imposed on the channel region with the buffer layer;
a gate structure of the transistor, wherein the gate structure extends over the fin structure;
a first spacer portion disposed on a sidewall of the gate structure; and
a second spacer portion adjoining the first spacer portion, wherein:
a line of discontinuity is formed on the fin structure at an interface of the first spacer portion and the second spacer portion; or
the second spacer portion and the source or drain region each include a dopant, wherein a concentration of the dopant in the second spacer portion is greater than a concentration of the dopant in the source or drain region; and
a display device coupled to the IC device, the display device to display an image based on a signal communicated with the IC device. 45. The system of claim 44, wherein the surface of the fin structure forms the line of discontinuity, wherein the line of discontinuity defines at least in part a recess portion under the first spacer portion. | Techniques and mechanisms to impose stress on a transistor which includes a channel region and a source or drain region each in a fin structure. In an embodiment, a gate structure of the transistor extends over the fin structure, wherein a first spacer portion is at a sidewall of the gate structure and a second spacer portion adjoins the first spacer portion. Either or both of two features are present at or under respective bottom edges of the spacer portions. One of the features includes a line of discontinuity on the fin structure. The other feature includes a concentration of a dopant in the second spacer portion being greater than a concentration of the dopant in the source or drain region. In another embodiment, the fin structure is disposed on a buffer layer, wherein stress on the channel region is imposed at least in part with the buffer layer.1-25. (canceled) 26. An integrated circuit (IC) device comprising:
a buffer layer including a semiconductor lattice; a fin structure disposed on the buffer layer, the fin structure including a channel region of a transistor and a source or drain region of the transistor, wherein a stress is imposed on the channel region with the buffer layer; a gate structure of the transistor, wherein the gate structure extends over the fin structure; a first spacer portion disposed on a sidewall of the gate structure; and a second spacer portion adjoining the first spacer portion, wherein:
a line of discontinuity is formed on the fin structure at an interface of the first spacer portion and the second spacer portion; or
the second spacer portion and the source or drain region each include a dopant, wherein a concentration of the dopant in the second spacer portion is greater than a concentration of the dopant in the source or drain region. 27. The IC device of claim 26, wherein the surface of the fin structure forms the line of discontinuity, wherein the line of discontinuity defines at least in part a recess portion under the first spacer portion. 28. The IC device of claim 26, wherein the surface of the fin structure forms the line of discontinuity, wherein the line of discontinuity defines at least in part a recess portion under the second spacer portion. 29. The IC device of claim 26, wherein the concentration of the dopant in the second spacer portion is greater than the concentration of the dopant in the source or drain region, and the line of discontinuity is formed on the fin structure at the interface. 30. The IC device of claim 26, wherein the line of discontinuity is formed on the fin structure at the interface of the first spacer portion and the second spacer portion, or a concentration of a dopant in the second spacer portion is greater than a concentration of the dopant in the source or drain region. 31. The IC device of claim 26, wherein one of the buffer layer and the fin structure comprises silicon germanium having a first silicon-to-germanium component ratio other than a second silicon-to-germanium component ratio of the other of the buffer layer and the fin structure. 32. The IC device of claim 26, wherein the line of discontinuity forms an edge of a depression, wherein a height of the depression is at least 0.5 nanometers. 33. The IC device of claim 26, wherein an overall thickness of both the first spacer portion and the second spacer portion is in a range of 0.5 nanometers (nm) to 15 nm. 34. A method comprising:
forming a gate structure of a transistor, wherein the gate structure extends over a fin structure disposed on a buffer layer including a semiconductor lattice; depositing a first spacer portion on a sidewall of the gate structure; after depositing the first spacer portion, forming a second spacer portion which adjoins the first spacer portion; and forming in the fin structure a source or drain region of the transistor, wherein a stress is imposed on the channel region of the transistor with the buffer layer, wherein:
a line of discontinuity is formed on the fin structure at an interface of the first spacer portion and the second spacer portion; or
the second spacer portion and the source or drain region each include a dopant, wherein a concentration of the dopant in the second spacer portion is greater than a concentration of the dopant in the source or drain region. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein forming the source or drain region includes:
after depositing the first spacer portion, forming a doped epitaxial layer on the fin structure; and performing an indiffusion from the doped epitaxial layer into the fin structure. 36. The method of claim 34, wherein forming the source or drain region includes:
after forming the first spacer portion, depositing a doped glass material on the fin structure; and performing an indiffusion from the doped glass material into the fin structure. 37. The method of claim 34, wherein the concentration of the dopant in the second spacer portion is greater than the concentration of the dopant in the source or drain region, and wherein forming the source or drain region includes performing an indiffusion from the doped material into the fin structure. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein forming the source or drain region further comprises:
after depositing the first spacer portion, forming a doped layer on the fin structure; and before forming the second spacer portion, performing an indiffusion from the doped layer into the fin structure. 39. The method of claim 34, wherein forming the source or drain region includes:
after forming the first spacer portion and before forming the second spacer portion, performing an ion implantation of the fin structure. 40. The method of claim 34, wherein forming the source or drain region includes:
after forming the first spacer portion and before forming the second spacer portion, performing a plasma implantation of the fin structure. 41. The method of claim 34, wherein one of the buffer layer and the fin structure comprises silicon germanium having a first silicon-to-germanium component ratio other than a second silicon-to-germanium component ratio of the other of the buffer layer and the fin structure. 42. The method of claim 34, wherein the line of discontinuity forms an edge of a depression, wherein a height of the depression is at least 0.5 nanometers. 43. The method of claim 34, wherein an overall thickness of both the first spacer portion and the second spacer portion is in a range of 0.5 nanometers (nm) to 15 nm. 44. A system comprising:
an integrated circuit (IC) device comprising:
a buffer layer including a semiconductor lattice;
a fin structure disposed on the buffer layer, the fin structure including a channel region of a transistor and a source or drain region of the transistor, wherein a stress is imposed on the channel region with the buffer layer;
a gate structure of the transistor, wherein the gate structure extends over the fin structure;
a first spacer portion disposed on a sidewall of the gate structure; and
a second spacer portion adjoining the first spacer portion, wherein:
a line of discontinuity is formed on the fin structure at an interface of the first spacer portion and the second spacer portion; or
the second spacer portion and the source or drain region each include a dopant, wherein a concentration of the dopant in the second spacer portion is greater than a concentration of the dopant in the source or drain region; and
a display device coupled to the IC device, the display device to display an image based on a signal communicated with the IC device. 45. The system of claim 44, wherein the surface of the fin structure forms the line of discontinuity, wherein the line of discontinuity defines at least in part a recess portion under the first spacer portion. | 3,700 |
340,869 | 16,642,333 | 3,783 | A method for producing an optoelectronic component and an optoelectronic component are disclosed. In an embodiment a method includes providing an optoelectronic semiconductor chip with a radiation passage surface on a connection carrier, applying a deformable spacer to the radiation passage surface of the semiconductor chip, inserting the connection carrier with the semiconductor chip into a cavity of a tool, deforming, by the tool, the deformable spacer and encapsulating the semiconductor chip with a casting compound. | 1-19. (canceled) 20. A method for producing an optoelectronic component, the method comprising:
providing an optoelectronic semiconductor chip with a radiation passage surface on a connection carrier; applying a deformable spacer to the radiation passage surface of the semiconductor chip; inserting the connection carrier with the semiconductor chip into a cavity of a tool; deforming, by the tool, the deformable spacer; and encapsulating the semiconductor chip with a casting compound. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein applying the deformable spacer comprises:
forming a drop of a liquid material on the radiation passage surface of the semiconductor chip, the drop having a dome-shaped curvature; and curing the liquid material so that the deformable spacer is formed. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the drop is formed by jetting. 23. The method according to claim 21, wherein the liquid material is cured by UV radiation. 24. The method according to claim 20, wherein deforming the deformable spacer comprises resting a planar wall of the tool on the deformable spacer. 25. The method according to claim 20, further comprising removing the deformable spacer after curing the casting compound so that a recess is formed in the casting compound. 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein removing the deformable spacer comprises water rinsing, etching, a pick-and-place process, or an electrolytic process. 27. The method according to claim 25, further comprising filling the recess with a clear casting. 28. The method according to claim 20, further comprising:
forming the radiation passage surface by an adhesion promoting layer, wherein the adhesion promoting layer improves adhesion of the semiconductor chip to the deformable spacer, and wherein the deformable spacer is intended to remain in the finished component. 29. The method according to claim 20, wherein a plurality of semiconductor chips is encapsulated and a deformable spacer is applied only to those semiconductor chips which are fully functional. 30. An optoelectronic component comprising:
a connection carrier; an optoelectronic semiconductor chip attached to the connection carrier and comprising a radiation passage surface; and a casting compound at least partially encapsulating the semiconductor chip, wherein a recess is arranged in the casting compound, and wherein an edge of the recess is round. 31. The optoelectronic component according to claim 30, wherein the casting compound is concave on a lateral surface facing the recess. 32. The optoelectronic component according to claim 30, wherein a bond pad is arranged in each of at least two corners of a front side of the semiconductor chip. 33. The optoelectronic component according to claim 32, wherein a minimum distance between the edge of the recess and a center of the bond pad is between 100 micrometers and 150 micrometers inclusive. 34. The optoelectronic component according to claim 30, wherein the optoelectronic semiconductor chip is a light-emitting diode chip, a photo IC or a photodiode chip. 35. The optoelectronic component according to claim 30, wherein the recess is filled with a deformable spacer having a dome-shaped outer surface. 36. The optoelectronic component according to claim 30,
wherein the optoelectronic semiconductor chip is a photo IC having the radiation passage surface centered on a front side of the semiconductor chip, wherein the radiation passage surface is completely surrounded by an optically inactive surface, wherein the photo IC is configured to detect infrared radiation, and wherein the casting compound is black. 37. The optoelectronic component according to claim 30,
wherein the optoelectronic semiconductor chip is a light-emitting diode chip configured to emit electromagnetic radiation of a first wavelength range, and wherein the recess is filled with a conversion element configured to convert the electromagnetic radiation of the first wavelength range into electromagnetic radiation of a second wavelength range. 38. An IR detector comprising:
the optoelectronic component according to claim 30, wherein the IR detector is configured to detect infrared radiation. | A method for producing an optoelectronic component and an optoelectronic component are disclosed. In an embodiment a method includes providing an optoelectronic semiconductor chip with a radiation passage surface on a connection carrier, applying a deformable spacer to the radiation passage surface of the semiconductor chip, inserting the connection carrier with the semiconductor chip into a cavity of a tool, deforming, by the tool, the deformable spacer and encapsulating the semiconductor chip with a casting compound.1-19. (canceled) 20. A method for producing an optoelectronic component, the method comprising:
providing an optoelectronic semiconductor chip with a radiation passage surface on a connection carrier; applying a deformable spacer to the radiation passage surface of the semiconductor chip; inserting the connection carrier with the semiconductor chip into a cavity of a tool; deforming, by the tool, the deformable spacer; and encapsulating the semiconductor chip with a casting compound. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein applying the deformable spacer comprises:
forming a drop of a liquid material on the radiation passage surface of the semiconductor chip, the drop having a dome-shaped curvature; and curing the liquid material so that the deformable spacer is formed. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the drop is formed by jetting. 23. The method according to claim 21, wherein the liquid material is cured by UV radiation. 24. The method according to claim 20, wherein deforming the deformable spacer comprises resting a planar wall of the tool on the deformable spacer. 25. The method according to claim 20, further comprising removing the deformable spacer after curing the casting compound so that a recess is formed in the casting compound. 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein removing the deformable spacer comprises water rinsing, etching, a pick-and-place process, or an electrolytic process. 27. The method according to claim 25, further comprising filling the recess with a clear casting. 28. The method according to claim 20, further comprising:
forming the radiation passage surface by an adhesion promoting layer, wherein the adhesion promoting layer improves adhesion of the semiconductor chip to the deformable spacer, and wherein the deformable spacer is intended to remain in the finished component. 29. The method according to claim 20, wherein a plurality of semiconductor chips is encapsulated and a deformable spacer is applied only to those semiconductor chips which are fully functional. 30. An optoelectronic component comprising:
a connection carrier; an optoelectronic semiconductor chip attached to the connection carrier and comprising a radiation passage surface; and a casting compound at least partially encapsulating the semiconductor chip, wherein a recess is arranged in the casting compound, and wherein an edge of the recess is round. 31. The optoelectronic component according to claim 30, wherein the casting compound is concave on a lateral surface facing the recess. 32. The optoelectronic component according to claim 30, wherein a bond pad is arranged in each of at least two corners of a front side of the semiconductor chip. 33. The optoelectronic component according to claim 32, wherein a minimum distance between the edge of the recess and a center of the bond pad is between 100 micrometers and 150 micrometers inclusive. 34. The optoelectronic component according to claim 30, wherein the optoelectronic semiconductor chip is a light-emitting diode chip, a photo IC or a photodiode chip. 35. The optoelectronic component according to claim 30, wherein the recess is filled with a deformable spacer having a dome-shaped outer surface. 36. The optoelectronic component according to claim 30,
wherein the optoelectronic semiconductor chip is a photo IC having the radiation passage surface centered on a front side of the semiconductor chip, wherein the radiation passage surface is completely surrounded by an optically inactive surface, wherein the photo IC is configured to detect infrared radiation, and wherein the casting compound is black. 37. The optoelectronic component according to claim 30,
wherein the optoelectronic semiconductor chip is a light-emitting diode chip configured to emit electromagnetic radiation of a first wavelength range, and wherein the recess is filled with a conversion element configured to convert the electromagnetic radiation of the first wavelength range into electromagnetic radiation of a second wavelength range. 38. An IR detector comprising:
the optoelectronic component according to claim 30, wherein the IR detector is configured to detect infrared radiation. | 3,700 |
340,870 | 16,642,369 | 3,783 | A composite comprises vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT) on a substrate and additional disordered carbon deposited on the outer face of the nanotubes. This additional carbon is not amorphous but comprises graphitic domains. This composite can be prepared by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process in the presence of a catalyst on a metal substrate at atmospheric pressure. It can be used as an electrode in electronic and electrotechnical devices, such as supercapacitors. | 1. A composite comprising vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) on a substrate, wherein the composite comprises disorganized additional carbon deposited on the external face of the nanotubes. 2. The composite according to claim 1, wherein the disorganized additional carbon comprises graphitic domains. 3. The composite according to claim 1, wherein the composite comprises at least 10%, preferably at least 30%, and even more preferentially at least 50% of disorganized additional carbon, based on the mass of the carbon nanotubes. 4. The composite according to claim 1, wherein the composite comprises not more than 90%, and preferably not more than 80%, of disorganized additional carbon based on the mass of the carbon nanotubes. 5. The composite according to claim 1, characterized that wherein the mean length of the nanotubes is between 10 μm and 300 μm, preferably between 50 μm and 150 μm, and even more preferentially between 70 μm and 130 μm. 6. The composite according to claim 1, wherein the composite is obtainable by a chemical vapor deposition method in the presence of a catalyst in a heated enclosure, a precursor of the catalyst being injected continuously into the heated enclosure, wherein the VACNTs comprise metal particles coming from the catalyst. 7. A set of aligned parallel carbon nanotubes obtained from a composite according to claim 1 by removal of the nanotubes from the substrate. 8. A method for preparing a composite that comprises vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) on a substrate and disorganized additional carbon deposited on the external face of the nanotubes, the method comprising chemical decomposition of a carbon-source gas in a reactor comprising a heated enclosure and growth of the VACNTs on a substrate, in the presence of a catalyst, wherein:
a gaseous phase comprising the carbon source and catalyst precursor is injected continuously into the heated enclosure at a temperature of between 500° C. and 700° C. and at a pressure of between 0.5 bar and 1.5 bar; and the catalyst precursor comprises a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, and cobalt. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the gaseous phase injected into the enclosure comprises acetylene as a source of carbon, the catalyst precursor with its carrier gas, and optionally an inert gas. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the gaseous phase injected into the enclosure consists essentially of acetylene as a source of carbon, hydrogen, ferrocene as a catalyst precursor, toluene as a carrier gas for the ferrocene, and argon as an inert gas. 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the speed of passage of the gaseous phase is between 1 mm/s and 15 mm/s, and preferably between 3 mm/s and 10 mm/s. 12. The method according to claim 8, wherein the iron content based on the total carbon content in the gaseous phase is between 0.4% and 1.2%, preferably between 0.5% and 1.1%, and even more preferentially between 0.55% and 0.9% (as a percentage by mass). 13. The method according to claim 8, wherein:
the total volume of acetylene is between 0.7 and 6 ml/mm2; the speed of passage of the flow of acetylene is between 1 mm/s and 15 mm/s, and preferably between 1 mm/s and 10 mm/s, and even more preferentially between 2 mm/s and 10 mm/s; and the iron content expressed based on the Fe/C ratio by mass is between 0.4% and 1.5%, preferably between 0.4% and 1.4%, more preferentially between 0.5% and 1.1%1 and even more preferentially between 0.5% and 0.9%. 14. A method of using a composite according to claim 1 as an electrode for an electronic or electrotechnical device. 15. An electrode for an electronic or electrotechnical device, wherein the electrode comprises a composite according to claim 1. 16. An electronic or electrotechnical device comprising at least one electrode according to claim 15. 17. The electronic or electrotechnical device according to claim 16, wherein the electronic or electrotechnical device is a supercapacitor device comprising two electrodes, and
wherein at least one of the two electrodes comprise a composite according to claim 1. 18. The electronic or electrotechnical device according to claim 17, wherein the two electrodes are contained in an enclosure, separated by a separator, and the supercapacitor device comprises an electrolyte that comprises at least one anion, at least one cation, and optionally a solvent. 19. The electronic or electrotechnical device according to claim 17, wherein the supercapacitor device is capable of storing energy of at least 0.8 Wh/m2, preferably at least 1 Wh/m2, and even more preferentially at least 2 Wh/m2 for a power of between 0.01 and 1 kW/m2. 20. A method for manufacturing a supercapacitor device, the method comprising:
providing electrodes that comprise a composite comprising vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) on a substrate and disorganized additional carbon deposited on the external face of the nanotubes, separators, current collectors, electrolyte, and an enclosure; welding of the current collectors on the electrodes; assembling the electrodes and separators to obtain an electrode/separator assembly; welding the current collectors of the electrodes to the terminals of the enclosure; fitting the electrode/separator assembly in the enclosure; adding and diffusing the electrolyte in the enclosure; and sealing the enclosure. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the electrolyte is an ionic liquid containing a cation associated with an anion, or an electrolytic solution containing a salt dissolved in a solvent, the solvent being likely to be a protic solvent or an aprotic solvent or a mixture of at least one protic mixture of at least one aprotic solvent. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the aprotic solvent is chosen from halogenated alkanes such as dichloromethane; dimethylformamide (DMF); ketones such as acetone or 2 butanone; acetonitrile; tetrahydrofuran (THF); N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and mixtures thereof; propylene carbonate; ethylene carbonate; dimethylcarbonate and mixtures thereof; and lactones such as γ-butyrolactone. 23. The method according to claim 21, wherein the ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of:
ionic liquids containing quaternary ammonium ions, and in particular the ions of 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium, 1-methyl-3-propyl imidazolium, 1-methyl-3-isopropyl imidazolium, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl imidazolium, 1 ethyl-3,4-dimethyl imidazolium, N-propyl pyridinium, N-butyl pyridinium, N-tert-butyl pyridinium, N-tert-butanol-pentyl pyridinium, N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium, N-butyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium, N-methyl-N-pentyl pyrrolidinium, N-propoxyethyl-N-methyl pyrrolidinium, N-methyl-N-propyl piperidinium, N-methyl-N-isopropyl piperidinium, N-butyl-N-methyl piperidinium, N—N-isobutylmethyl piperidinium, N-sec-butyl-N-methyl piperidinium, N-methoxy-N-ethylmethyl piperidinium, and N-ethoxyethyl-N-methyl piperidinium; and ionic liquids containing ammonium ions such as the butyl-N—N-trimethyl ammonium, N-ethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-ammonium and N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium ions, associated with any anion such as the tetrafluoroborate (BF4 −), hexafluorophosphate (PF6 −), bis(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl)amide (TFSI−) or bis(fluorosulfonyl)amides (FSI) ions. 24. The method according to claim 20, wherein the electrolyte comprises an ionic liquid comprising:
at least one cation selected from the group consisting of the derivatives of pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, imidazole, pyrazole, thiazole, oxazole, triazole, ammonium, pyrrolidine, pyrroline, pyrrole, and piperidine; and at least one anion selected from the group consisting of F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, NO3 −, N(CN)2 −, BF4 −, ClO4 −, PF6 −, RSO3 −, RCOO−, where R is an alkyl or phenyl group, (CF3)2PF4 −, (CF3)3PF3, (CF3)4PF2 −, (CF3)5PF−, (CF3)6P−, (CF2SO3 −)2, (CF2CF2SO3 −)2, (CF3SO2 −)2N−, CF3CF2(CF3)2CO−, (CF3SO2)2CH−, (SF5)3C, (CF3SO2)3C, [O(CF3)2C2(CF3)2O]2PO−, CF3(CF2)7SO3 −, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole, and bis(trifluoro-methylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][Tf2N]). 25. The method according to claim 21, wherein the electrolytic solution comprises, in addition to a solvent, an electrolyte in the form of a salt dissolved in a solvent, knowing that:
an anion of this salt is advantageously chosen from:
inorganic ions such as F−, Br−, Cl−, I, HCO3 −, H2PO4 −, Cr2O4 3−, BF4 −, PF6 −, or N(CN)2 −;
organic anions, preferably selected from the group consisting of: RSO3 −, RCOO− (where R is an alkyl or phenyl group, possibly substituted) (CF3)2PF4, (CF3)3PF3, (CF3)4PF2 −, (CF3)5PF−, (CF3)6P−, (CF2SO3 −)2, (CF2CF2SO3 −)2, (CF3SO2 −)2N−, (CF3CF2(CF3)2CO−, (CF3SO2 −)2CH−, (SF5)3C−, (CF3SO2SO2)3C−, [O(CF3)2C2(CF3)2O]2PO, CF3(CF2)SO3 −, bis(trifluoro-methanesulfonyl)amide, and bis(fluorosulfonyl) amide;
polymeric anions; and
biological anions; and/or
the cation of this salt is a metallic cation, preferably selected from the group consisting of Li+, Na+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Al3+, or is an organic cation. | A composite comprises vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT) on a substrate and additional disordered carbon deposited on the outer face of the nanotubes. This additional carbon is not amorphous but comprises graphitic domains. This composite can be prepared by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process in the presence of a catalyst on a metal substrate at atmospheric pressure. It can be used as an electrode in electronic and electrotechnical devices, such as supercapacitors.1. A composite comprising vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) on a substrate, wherein the composite comprises disorganized additional carbon deposited on the external face of the nanotubes. 2. The composite according to claim 1, wherein the disorganized additional carbon comprises graphitic domains. 3. The composite according to claim 1, wherein the composite comprises at least 10%, preferably at least 30%, and even more preferentially at least 50% of disorganized additional carbon, based on the mass of the carbon nanotubes. 4. The composite according to claim 1, wherein the composite comprises not more than 90%, and preferably not more than 80%, of disorganized additional carbon based on the mass of the carbon nanotubes. 5. The composite according to claim 1, characterized that wherein the mean length of the nanotubes is between 10 μm and 300 μm, preferably between 50 μm and 150 μm, and even more preferentially between 70 μm and 130 μm. 6. The composite according to claim 1, wherein the composite is obtainable by a chemical vapor deposition method in the presence of a catalyst in a heated enclosure, a precursor of the catalyst being injected continuously into the heated enclosure, wherein the VACNTs comprise metal particles coming from the catalyst. 7. A set of aligned parallel carbon nanotubes obtained from a composite according to claim 1 by removal of the nanotubes from the substrate. 8. A method for preparing a composite that comprises vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) on a substrate and disorganized additional carbon deposited on the external face of the nanotubes, the method comprising chemical decomposition of a carbon-source gas in a reactor comprising a heated enclosure and growth of the VACNTs on a substrate, in the presence of a catalyst, wherein:
a gaseous phase comprising the carbon source and catalyst precursor is injected continuously into the heated enclosure at a temperature of between 500° C. and 700° C. and at a pressure of between 0.5 bar and 1.5 bar; and the catalyst precursor comprises a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, and cobalt. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the gaseous phase injected into the enclosure comprises acetylene as a source of carbon, the catalyst precursor with its carrier gas, and optionally an inert gas. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the gaseous phase injected into the enclosure consists essentially of acetylene as a source of carbon, hydrogen, ferrocene as a catalyst precursor, toluene as a carrier gas for the ferrocene, and argon as an inert gas. 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the speed of passage of the gaseous phase is between 1 mm/s and 15 mm/s, and preferably between 3 mm/s and 10 mm/s. 12. The method according to claim 8, wherein the iron content based on the total carbon content in the gaseous phase is between 0.4% and 1.2%, preferably between 0.5% and 1.1%, and even more preferentially between 0.55% and 0.9% (as a percentage by mass). 13. The method according to claim 8, wherein:
the total volume of acetylene is between 0.7 and 6 ml/mm2; the speed of passage of the flow of acetylene is between 1 mm/s and 15 mm/s, and preferably between 1 mm/s and 10 mm/s, and even more preferentially between 2 mm/s and 10 mm/s; and the iron content expressed based on the Fe/C ratio by mass is between 0.4% and 1.5%, preferably between 0.4% and 1.4%, more preferentially between 0.5% and 1.1%1 and even more preferentially between 0.5% and 0.9%. 14. A method of using a composite according to claim 1 as an electrode for an electronic or electrotechnical device. 15. An electrode for an electronic or electrotechnical device, wherein the electrode comprises a composite according to claim 1. 16. An electronic or electrotechnical device comprising at least one electrode according to claim 15. 17. The electronic or electrotechnical device according to claim 16, wherein the electronic or electrotechnical device is a supercapacitor device comprising two electrodes, and
wherein at least one of the two electrodes comprise a composite according to claim 1. 18. The electronic or electrotechnical device according to claim 17, wherein the two electrodes are contained in an enclosure, separated by a separator, and the supercapacitor device comprises an electrolyte that comprises at least one anion, at least one cation, and optionally a solvent. 19. The electronic or electrotechnical device according to claim 17, wherein the supercapacitor device is capable of storing energy of at least 0.8 Wh/m2, preferably at least 1 Wh/m2, and even more preferentially at least 2 Wh/m2 for a power of between 0.01 and 1 kW/m2. 20. A method for manufacturing a supercapacitor device, the method comprising:
providing electrodes that comprise a composite comprising vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) on a substrate and disorganized additional carbon deposited on the external face of the nanotubes, separators, current collectors, electrolyte, and an enclosure; welding of the current collectors on the electrodes; assembling the electrodes and separators to obtain an electrode/separator assembly; welding the current collectors of the electrodes to the terminals of the enclosure; fitting the electrode/separator assembly in the enclosure; adding and diffusing the electrolyte in the enclosure; and sealing the enclosure. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the electrolyte is an ionic liquid containing a cation associated with an anion, or an electrolytic solution containing a salt dissolved in a solvent, the solvent being likely to be a protic solvent or an aprotic solvent or a mixture of at least one protic mixture of at least one aprotic solvent. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the aprotic solvent is chosen from halogenated alkanes such as dichloromethane; dimethylformamide (DMF); ketones such as acetone or 2 butanone; acetonitrile; tetrahydrofuran (THF); N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and mixtures thereof; propylene carbonate; ethylene carbonate; dimethylcarbonate and mixtures thereof; and lactones such as γ-butyrolactone. 23. The method according to claim 21, wherein the ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of:
ionic liquids containing quaternary ammonium ions, and in particular the ions of 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium, 1-methyl-3-propyl imidazolium, 1-methyl-3-isopropyl imidazolium, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl imidazolium, 1 ethyl-3,4-dimethyl imidazolium, N-propyl pyridinium, N-butyl pyridinium, N-tert-butyl pyridinium, N-tert-butanol-pentyl pyridinium, N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium, N-butyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium, N-methyl-N-pentyl pyrrolidinium, N-propoxyethyl-N-methyl pyrrolidinium, N-methyl-N-propyl piperidinium, N-methyl-N-isopropyl piperidinium, N-butyl-N-methyl piperidinium, N—N-isobutylmethyl piperidinium, N-sec-butyl-N-methyl piperidinium, N-methoxy-N-ethylmethyl piperidinium, and N-ethoxyethyl-N-methyl piperidinium; and ionic liquids containing ammonium ions such as the butyl-N—N-trimethyl ammonium, N-ethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-ammonium and N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium ions, associated with any anion such as the tetrafluoroborate (BF4 −), hexafluorophosphate (PF6 −), bis(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl)amide (TFSI−) or bis(fluorosulfonyl)amides (FSI) ions. 24. The method according to claim 20, wherein the electrolyte comprises an ionic liquid comprising:
at least one cation selected from the group consisting of the derivatives of pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, imidazole, pyrazole, thiazole, oxazole, triazole, ammonium, pyrrolidine, pyrroline, pyrrole, and piperidine; and at least one anion selected from the group consisting of F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, NO3 −, N(CN)2 −, BF4 −, ClO4 −, PF6 −, RSO3 −, RCOO−, where R is an alkyl or phenyl group, (CF3)2PF4 −, (CF3)3PF3, (CF3)4PF2 −, (CF3)5PF−, (CF3)6P−, (CF2SO3 −)2, (CF2CF2SO3 −)2, (CF3SO2 −)2N−, CF3CF2(CF3)2CO−, (CF3SO2)2CH−, (SF5)3C, (CF3SO2)3C, [O(CF3)2C2(CF3)2O]2PO−, CF3(CF2)7SO3 −, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole, and bis(trifluoro-methylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][Tf2N]). 25. The method according to claim 21, wherein the electrolytic solution comprises, in addition to a solvent, an electrolyte in the form of a salt dissolved in a solvent, knowing that:
an anion of this salt is advantageously chosen from:
inorganic ions such as F−, Br−, Cl−, I, HCO3 −, H2PO4 −, Cr2O4 3−, BF4 −, PF6 −, or N(CN)2 −;
organic anions, preferably selected from the group consisting of: RSO3 −, RCOO− (where R is an alkyl or phenyl group, possibly substituted) (CF3)2PF4, (CF3)3PF3, (CF3)4PF2 −, (CF3)5PF−, (CF3)6P−, (CF2SO3 −)2, (CF2CF2SO3 −)2, (CF3SO2 −)2N−, (CF3CF2(CF3)2CO−, (CF3SO2 −)2CH−, (SF5)3C−, (CF3SO2SO2)3C−, [O(CF3)2C2(CF3)2O]2PO, CF3(CF2)SO3 −, bis(trifluoro-methanesulfonyl)amide, and bis(fluorosulfonyl) amide;
polymeric anions; and
biological anions; and/or
the cation of this salt is a metallic cation, preferably selected from the group consisting of Li+, Na+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Al3+, or is an organic cation. | 3,700 |
340,871 | 16,642,351 | 3,783 | A four-sided-synchronous-swing dual-mode broadband power generation device, comprising a fixing frame, a piezoelectric beam swing mechanism, and electromagnetic induction power generators (7). Four groups of straight piezoelectric beams (6) and L-shaped piezoelectric beams (5) are installed in a small space, therefore, a limited working space can be fully utilized, the working area can be reduced, and the requirements for development of a microelectromechanical system can be satisfied. Each L-shaped piezoelectric beam (5) comprises a horizontal beam and a vertical beam, so that vibration in two directions can be implemented, therefore, the dynamic behavior of piezoelectric cantilevers is enriched, and the power generation efficiency of the system is improved. The straight piezoelectric beams (6) and L-shaped piezoelectric beams (5) have different lengths, so that energy of different swing frequencies can be effectively harvested, and the effective working frequency bandwidth can be broadened. The adjacent straight piezoelectric beams (6), L-shaped piezoelectric beams (5), and electromagnetic induction power generators (7) constitute four groups of dual-mode piezoelectric electromagnetic composite power generation structures, effectively improving power generation. The four-sided-synchronous-swing dual-mode broadband power generation device can harvest energy inputted in the form of rotation from environment and currently can be applied to wind power generation, hydroelectric power generation, bicycle self-power supply, and other fields. | 1. A four-sided-synchronous-swing dual-mode broadband power generation device, comprising:
a fixed frame; further comprising:
a base (1);
a lifting support frame (29); further comprising:
four supporting gear shafts (3); each further comprising:
a lifting platform (10); and
a bottom platform connector (11); and
a supporting input shaft (31); further comprising:
a rotating shaft supporting platform (13); and
a rotating shaft lifting platform (14),
an electromagnetic induction power generation device support frame (12); further comprising:
a sleeve pressing piece (15);
a sleeve lifting bracket (16); and
an electromagnetic induction power generating device fixing bracket (17); and
a central magnet fixing platform (30) with a center magnet (22);
a piezoelectric beam swinging mechanism; further comprising:
a crank rocker mechanism (2); further comprising
a crank (32), a link (33) and a rocker (34);
a piezoelectric beam component; further comprising
a piezoelectric beam fixture; further comprising:
a piezoelectric beam clamp upper clamp plate (23);
a piezoelectric beam clamp lower clamp plate (24); and
a piezoelectric beam clip (25);
a straight piezoelectric beam (6);
a L-shaped piezoelectric beam (5); and
a permanent magnet; further comprising:
a straight beam end magnet (26);
a L beam magnet a (27); and
a L beam magnet b (28);
a bearing (9); and
a gear component; further comprising
a gear shaft (3); and
a bevel gear (4); and
an electromagnetic induction power generating device (7); further comprising:
a coil (18);
a sleeve (19);
a spring (20); and
a spring end magnet (21);
wherein the bottom platform connectors (11) are respectively installed at the four corners of the base (1); wherein the lifting platform (10) is fixed to the bottom platform connector (11) by bolts; wherein a first through slot is provided on the lifting platform (10) and the bottom platform connector (11), and is configured to adjust the distance between the lifting platform (10) and the base (1), and is configured to adjust the distance between the lifting platform (10) and the center magnet (22), to accommodate different sizes of piezoelectric cantilever beams and to adjust the swing amplitude of the piezoelectric cantilever; wherein the rotating shaft supporting platform (13) is fixed to rotating shaft lifting platform (14) by bolts; wherein a second through slot is provided on the rotating shaft support platform (13) and the rotating shaft lifting platform (14), and is configured to adjust the distance between the rotating shaft lifting platform (14) and base (1); wherein the bottom platform connector (11) and the base (1) are fixed by bolts, and the rotating shaft supporting platform (13) and base (1) are fixed by bolts; wherein the lifting platform (10), the rotating shaft lifting platform (14) and the bearing (9) are connected by bolts; wherein an electromagnetic induction power generating device fixing bracket (17) and the base (1) are fixed by bolts; wherein the sleeve lifting bracket (16) and electromagnetic induction power generating device fixing bracket (17) are fixed by bolts; wherein a third through slot is provided on the sleeve lifting bracket (16) and the electromagnetic induction power generating device fixing bracket (17), to allow the sleeve lifting bracket (16) to slide on the electromagnetic induction power generating device fixing bracket (17), in order to maintain the same height for the spring end magnet (21), straight beam end magnet (26) and the L beam magnet a (27); wherein the sleeve lifting bracket (16) and sleeve pressing piece (15) are connected by bolts and clamp the sleeve (19); wherein the central magnet fixing platform (30) and the base (1) are fixed by bolts; wherein the height of the center magnet (22) is adjusted by adding spacers; wherein the crank (32) connects the gear shaft (3); wherein the rocker (34) is coupled to the input shaft (31); wherein one end of the crank (32) and the link (33), and the other end of the link (33) and the rocker (34) are both connected by bolt and bolt sleeve (35); wherein the crank rocker mechanism (2) is configured to convert the rotation of the input shaft (31) into swings of the gear shaft (3), thereby causing the piezoelectric cantilever to vibrate for power generation; wherein the piezoelectric beam clamp upper clamp plate (23) and the piezoelectric beam clamp lower clamp plate (24) are bolted and fixed to the gear shaft (3), and the piezoelectric beam clamp upper clamp plate (23) and the piezoelectric beam clamp lower clamp plate (24) are configured to swing with the gear shaft (3); wherein the piezoelectric beam clip (25) and the piezoelectric beam clamp lower clamp plate (24) are connected by bolts and configured to clamp the piezoelectric cantilever; wherein the permanent magnet is bonded to the piezoelectric cantilever beam to reduce the natural frequency of piezoelectric cantilever beam and increase the amplitude of piezoelectric cantilever beam, thereby increasing the power generation capability of the device; wherein the bearing (9) is connected to the gear shaft (3) and the input shaft (31), and configured to reduce the resistance of the gear shaft (3) and the input shaft (31) in rotation; wherein the bearing (9) and the lifting platform (10) and the rotating shaft lifting platform (14) are connected by bolts; wherein the gear shaft (3) and the bevel gear (4) is connected by keys; wherein the gear shaft (3) is mounted on the lifting platform (10) through the bearing (9); wherein the all four gear shafts (3) connected to the crank (32) are configured to oscillate with the crank (32); wherein the sleeve (19) is fixed on the sleeve lifting bracket (16) by the sleeve pressing piece (15); wherein the middle portion of the spring (20) is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve (19);and wherein the spring end magnet (21) is fixed to both ends of the spring (20), and is configured to be repelled by the straight beam end magnet (26) and L beam magnet a (27) to reciprocate inside the sleeve (19) to cause the magnetic flux passing through the coil (18) to change continuously, thereby generating an induced electromotive force. 2. The four-sided-synchronous-swing dual-mode broadband power generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the base of the L-shaped piezoelectric beam (5) and the base of the straight piezoelectric beam (6) are brass, and the piezoelectric layer material is PZT. 3. The four-sided-synchronous-swing dual-mode broadband power generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electric energy generated by the vibration of each piezoelectric cantilever beams is led out through two wires, one wire is connected to a brass layer, and the other is connected to a PZT piezoelectric layer. 4. The four-sided-synchronous-swing dual-mode broadband power generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the coil (18) comprises a copper enameled wire. | A four-sided-synchronous-swing dual-mode broadband power generation device, comprising a fixing frame, a piezoelectric beam swing mechanism, and electromagnetic induction power generators (7). Four groups of straight piezoelectric beams (6) and L-shaped piezoelectric beams (5) are installed in a small space, therefore, a limited working space can be fully utilized, the working area can be reduced, and the requirements for development of a microelectromechanical system can be satisfied. Each L-shaped piezoelectric beam (5) comprises a horizontal beam and a vertical beam, so that vibration in two directions can be implemented, therefore, the dynamic behavior of piezoelectric cantilevers is enriched, and the power generation efficiency of the system is improved. The straight piezoelectric beams (6) and L-shaped piezoelectric beams (5) have different lengths, so that energy of different swing frequencies can be effectively harvested, and the effective working frequency bandwidth can be broadened. The adjacent straight piezoelectric beams (6), L-shaped piezoelectric beams (5), and electromagnetic induction power generators (7) constitute four groups of dual-mode piezoelectric electromagnetic composite power generation structures, effectively improving power generation. The four-sided-synchronous-swing dual-mode broadband power generation device can harvest energy inputted in the form of rotation from environment and currently can be applied to wind power generation, hydroelectric power generation, bicycle self-power supply, and other fields.1. A four-sided-synchronous-swing dual-mode broadband power generation device, comprising:
a fixed frame; further comprising:
a base (1);
a lifting support frame (29); further comprising:
four supporting gear shafts (3); each further comprising:
a lifting platform (10); and
a bottom platform connector (11); and
a supporting input shaft (31); further comprising:
a rotating shaft supporting platform (13); and
a rotating shaft lifting platform (14),
an electromagnetic induction power generation device support frame (12); further comprising:
a sleeve pressing piece (15);
a sleeve lifting bracket (16); and
an electromagnetic induction power generating device fixing bracket (17); and
a central magnet fixing platform (30) with a center magnet (22);
a piezoelectric beam swinging mechanism; further comprising:
a crank rocker mechanism (2); further comprising
a crank (32), a link (33) and a rocker (34);
a piezoelectric beam component; further comprising
a piezoelectric beam fixture; further comprising:
a piezoelectric beam clamp upper clamp plate (23);
a piezoelectric beam clamp lower clamp plate (24); and
a piezoelectric beam clip (25);
a straight piezoelectric beam (6);
a L-shaped piezoelectric beam (5); and
a permanent magnet; further comprising:
a straight beam end magnet (26);
a L beam magnet a (27); and
a L beam magnet b (28);
a bearing (9); and
a gear component; further comprising
a gear shaft (3); and
a bevel gear (4); and
an electromagnetic induction power generating device (7); further comprising:
a coil (18);
a sleeve (19);
a spring (20); and
a spring end magnet (21);
wherein the bottom platform connectors (11) are respectively installed at the four corners of the base (1); wherein the lifting platform (10) is fixed to the bottom platform connector (11) by bolts; wherein a first through slot is provided on the lifting platform (10) and the bottom platform connector (11), and is configured to adjust the distance between the lifting platform (10) and the base (1), and is configured to adjust the distance between the lifting platform (10) and the center magnet (22), to accommodate different sizes of piezoelectric cantilever beams and to adjust the swing amplitude of the piezoelectric cantilever; wherein the rotating shaft supporting platform (13) is fixed to rotating shaft lifting platform (14) by bolts; wherein a second through slot is provided on the rotating shaft support platform (13) and the rotating shaft lifting platform (14), and is configured to adjust the distance between the rotating shaft lifting platform (14) and base (1); wherein the bottom platform connector (11) and the base (1) are fixed by bolts, and the rotating shaft supporting platform (13) and base (1) are fixed by bolts; wherein the lifting platform (10), the rotating shaft lifting platform (14) and the bearing (9) are connected by bolts; wherein an electromagnetic induction power generating device fixing bracket (17) and the base (1) are fixed by bolts; wherein the sleeve lifting bracket (16) and electromagnetic induction power generating device fixing bracket (17) are fixed by bolts; wherein a third through slot is provided on the sleeve lifting bracket (16) and the electromagnetic induction power generating device fixing bracket (17), to allow the sleeve lifting bracket (16) to slide on the electromagnetic induction power generating device fixing bracket (17), in order to maintain the same height for the spring end magnet (21), straight beam end magnet (26) and the L beam magnet a (27); wherein the sleeve lifting bracket (16) and sleeve pressing piece (15) are connected by bolts and clamp the sleeve (19); wherein the central magnet fixing platform (30) and the base (1) are fixed by bolts; wherein the height of the center magnet (22) is adjusted by adding spacers; wherein the crank (32) connects the gear shaft (3); wherein the rocker (34) is coupled to the input shaft (31); wherein one end of the crank (32) and the link (33), and the other end of the link (33) and the rocker (34) are both connected by bolt and bolt sleeve (35); wherein the crank rocker mechanism (2) is configured to convert the rotation of the input shaft (31) into swings of the gear shaft (3), thereby causing the piezoelectric cantilever to vibrate for power generation; wherein the piezoelectric beam clamp upper clamp plate (23) and the piezoelectric beam clamp lower clamp plate (24) are bolted and fixed to the gear shaft (3), and the piezoelectric beam clamp upper clamp plate (23) and the piezoelectric beam clamp lower clamp plate (24) are configured to swing with the gear shaft (3); wherein the piezoelectric beam clip (25) and the piezoelectric beam clamp lower clamp plate (24) are connected by bolts and configured to clamp the piezoelectric cantilever; wherein the permanent magnet is bonded to the piezoelectric cantilever beam to reduce the natural frequency of piezoelectric cantilever beam and increase the amplitude of piezoelectric cantilever beam, thereby increasing the power generation capability of the device; wherein the bearing (9) is connected to the gear shaft (3) and the input shaft (31), and configured to reduce the resistance of the gear shaft (3) and the input shaft (31) in rotation; wherein the bearing (9) and the lifting platform (10) and the rotating shaft lifting platform (14) are connected by bolts; wherein the gear shaft (3) and the bevel gear (4) is connected by keys; wherein the gear shaft (3) is mounted on the lifting platform (10) through the bearing (9); wherein the all four gear shafts (3) connected to the crank (32) are configured to oscillate with the crank (32); wherein the sleeve (19) is fixed on the sleeve lifting bracket (16) by the sleeve pressing piece (15); wherein the middle portion of the spring (20) is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve (19);and wherein the spring end magnet (21) is fixed to both ends of the spring (20), and is configured to be repelled by the straight beam end magnet (26) and L beam magnet a (27) to reciprocate inside the sleeve (19) to cause the magnetic flux passing through the coil (18) to change continuously, thereby generating an induced electromotive force. 2. The four-sided-synchronous-swing dual-mode broadband power generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the base of the L-shaped piezoelectric beam (5) and the base of the straight piezoelectric beam (6) are brass, and the piezoelectric layer material is PZT. 3. The four-sided-synchronous-swing dual-mode broadband power generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electric energy generated by the vibration of each piezoelectric cantilever beams is led out through two wires, one wire is connected to a brass layer, and the other is connected to a PZT piezoelectric layer. 4. The four-sided-synchronous-swing dual-mode broadband power generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the coil (18) comprises a copper enameled wire. | 3,700 |
340,872 | 16,801,160 | 3,783 | A method and a system for verifying an integrated circuit stack having at least one silicon photonic device is introduced. A dummy layer and a dummy layer text are added to a terminal of at least one silicon photonic device of the integrated circuit. The method may perform a layout versus schematic check of the integrated circuit including the dummy layer and the dummy layer text. | 1. A method of verifying an integrated circuit stack including an integrated circuit, comprising:
adding a dummy layer and a dummy layer text to a terminal of at least one silicon photonic device of the integrated circuit; and performing a layout versus schematic check of the integrated circuit including the dummy layer and the dummy layer text. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein adding the dummy layer and the dummy layer text to the terminal of the at least one silicon photonic device of the integrated circuit comprises:
adding the dummy layer and the dummy layer text to every terminal of the at least one silicon photonic device of the integrated circuit. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the dummy layer added to the terminal of the at least one silicon photonic device is generated based on a parameterized cell base which defines at least one of a name of the at least one silicon photonic device, a shape of the dummy layer, a size of the dummy layer and a location of the dummy layer. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the at least one silicon photonic device comprises a first silicon photonic device and a second silicon photonic device, the first silicon photonic device has a same type as the second silicon photonic device, and the method further comprising:
generating, by the parameterized cell base, a first name for the first silicon photonic device and a second name for the second silicon photonic device, wherein the first name is different from the second name. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the at least one silicon photonic device comprises a customized photonic device, and the method further comprises:
adding the dummy layer to a connecting device connecting the customized photonic device based on the parameterized cell base. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the shape of the dummy layer added to the terminal of the at least one silicon photonic device is determined according to a shape of the terminal of the at least one silicon photonic device. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the layout versus schematic check of the integrated circuit comprises:
determining whether a layout of the integrated circuit has a same functionality as a schematic of the integrated circuit. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
adjusting a location of the dummy layer added to the terminal of the at least one silicon photonic device if the layout versus schematic check fails. 9. A method of verifying an integrated circuit stack, the method comprising:
adding a first dummy layer and a dummy layer text to a terminal of at least one silicon photonic device of a first integrated circuit; converting a location of a contact pad of a second integrated circuit to the first integrated circuit; adding a second dummy layer to a contact pad of the first integrated circuit; and performing a layout versus schematic check of the first electronic integrated circuit including the first dummy layer, the dummy layer text and the second dummy layer. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein adding the first dummy layer and the dummy layer text to the terminal of the first integrated circuit comprises:
adding the first dummy layer and the dummy layer text to every terminal of the at least one silicon photonic device of the first integrated circuit. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein adding a second dummy layer to a contact pad of the first integrated circuit comprising:
adding the second dummy layer to every contact pad of the first integrated circuit. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the first dummy layer is generated based on a parameterized cell base which defines at least one of a name of the at least one silicon photonic device, a shape of the dummy layer, a size of the dummy layer and a location of the dummy layer. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one silicon photonic device comprises a customized photonic device, and the method further comprises:
adding the first dummy layer to a connecting device connecting the customized photonic device based on the parameterized cell base. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein performing the layout versus schematic check of the first electronic integrated circuit including the first dummy layer, the dummy layer text and the second dummy layer comprises:
determining whether a layout of the integrated circuit stack has a same functionality as a schematic of the integrated circuit stack. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
adjusting locations of the first dummy layer and the second dummy layer or adjusting schematics of the first integrated circuit and the second integrated circuit if the layout versus schematic check fails. 16. A system for verifying an integrated circuit stack, the system comprising:
a non-transitory computer readable medium, configured to store instructions; and a processor, connected to the non-transitory computer readable medium, and configured to execute the stored instructions to:
add a dummy layer and a dummy layer text to a terminal of at least one silicon photonic device of an integrated circuit; and
perform a layout versus schematic check of the integrated circuit including the dummy layer and the dummy layer text. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the processor is configured to add the dummy layer and the dummy layer text to every terminal of the at least one silicon photonic device of the integrated circuit. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor is configured to generate the dummy layer based on a parameterized cell base which defines at least one of a name of the at least one silicon photonic device, a shape of the dummy layer, a size of the dummy layer and a location of the dummy layer. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the at least one silicon photonic device comprises a customized photonic device, and the processor is further configured to add the dummy layer to a connecting device connecting the customized photonic device based on the parameterized cell base. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein processor is further configured to:
determining whether a layout of the integrated circuit has a same functionality as a schematic of the integrated circuit; and adjusting a location of the dummy layer added to the terminal of the at least one silicon photonic device if the layout versus schematic check fails. | A method and a system for verifying an integrated circuit stack having at least one silicon photonic device is introduced. A dummy layer and a dummy layer text are added to a terminal of at least one silicon photonic device of the integrated circuit. The method may perform a layout versus schematic check of the integrated circuit including the dummy layer and the dummy layer text.1. A method of verifying an integrated circuit stack including an integrated circuit, comprising:
adding a dummy layer and a dummy layer text to a terminal of at least one silicon photonic device of the integrated circuit; and performing a layout versus schematic check of the integrated circuit including the dummy layer and the dummy layer text. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein adding the dummy layer and the dummy layer text to the terminal of the at least one silicon photonic device of the integrated circuit comprises:
adding the dummy layer and the dummy layer text to every terminal of the at least one silicon photonic device of the integrated circuit. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the dummy layer added to the terminal of the at least one silicon photonic device is generated based on a parameterized cell base which defines at least one of a name of the at least one silicon photonic device, a shape of the dummy layer, a size of the dummy layer and a location of the dummy layer. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the at least one silicon photonic device comprises a first silicon photonic device and a second silicon photonic device, the first silicon photonic device has a same type as the second silicon photonic device, and the method further comprising:
generating, by the parameterized cell base, a first name for the first silicon photonic device and a second name for the second silicon photonic device, wherein the first name is different from the second name. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the at least one silicon photonic device comprises a customized photonic device, and the method further comprises:
adding the dummy layer to a connecting device connecting the customized photonic device based on the parameterized cell base. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the shape of the dummy layer added to the terminal of the at least one silicon photonic device is determined according to a shape of the terminal of the at least one silicon photonic device. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the layout versus schematic check of the integrated circuit comprises:
determining whether a layout of the integrated circuit has a same functionality as a schematic of the integrated circuit. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
adjusting a location of the dummy layer added to the terminal of the at least one silicon photonic device if the layout versus schematic check fails. 9. A method of verifying an integrated circuit stack, the method comprising:
adding a first dummy layer and a dummy layer text to a terminal of at least one silicon photonic device of a first integrated circuit; converting a location of a contact pad of a second integrated circuit to the first integrated circuit; adding a second dummy layer to a contact pad of the first integrated circuit; and performing a layout versus schematic check of the first electronic integrated circuit including the first dummy layer, the dummy layer text and the second dummy layer. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein adding the first dummy layer and the dummy layer text to the terminal of the first integrated circuit comprises:
adding the first dummy layer and the dummy layer text to every terminal of the at least one silicon photonic device of the first integrated circuit. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein adding a second dummy layer to a contact pad of the first integrated circuit comprising:
adding the second dummy layer to every contact pad of the first integrated circuit. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the first dummy layer is generated based on a parameterized cell base which defines at least one of a name of the at least one silicon photonic device, a shape of the dummy layer, a size of the dummy layer and a location of the dummy layer. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one silicon photonic device comprises a customized photonic device, and the method further comprises:
adding the first dummy layer to a connecting device connecting the customized photonic device based on the parameterized cell base. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein performing the layout versus schematic check of the first electronic integrated circuit including the first dummy layer, the dummy layer text and the second dummy layer comprises:
determining whether a layout of the integrated circuit stack has a same functionality as a schematic of the integrated circuit stack. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
adjusting locations of the first dummy layer and the second dummy layer or adjusting schematics of the first integrated circuit and the second integrated circuit if the layout versus schematic check fails. 16. A system for verifying an integrated circuit stack, the system comprising:
a non-transitory computer readable medium, configured to store instructions; and a processor, connected to the non-transitory computer readable medium, and configured to execute the stored instructions to:
add a dummy layer and a dummy layer text to a terminal of at least one silicon photonic device of an integrated circuit; and
perform a layout versus schematic check of the integrated circuit including the dummy layer and the dummy layer text. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the processor is configured to add the dummy layer and the dummy layer text to every terminal of the at least one silicon photonic device of the integrated circuit. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the processor is configured to generate the dummy layer based on a parameterized cell base which defines at least one of a name of the at least one silicon photonic device, a shape of the dummy layer, a size of the dummy layer and a location of the dummy layer. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the at least one silicon photonic device comprises a customized photonic device, and the processor is further configured to add the dummy layer to a connecting device connecting the customized photonic device based on the parameterized cell base. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein processor is further configured to:
determining whether a layout of the integrated circuit has a same functionality as a schematic of the integrated circuit; and adjusting a location of the dummy layer added to the terminal of the at least one silicon photonic device if the layout versus schematic check fails. | 3,700 |
340,873 | 16,642,356 | 3,783 | A semiconductor device comprising stacked complimentary transistors are described. In some embodiments, the semiconductor device comprises a first device comprising an enhancement mode III-N heterostructure field effect transistor (HFET), and a second device over the first device. In an example, the second device comprises a depletion mode thin film transistor. In an example, a connector is to couple a first terminal of the first device to a first terminal of the second device. | 1-22. (canceled) 23. An apparatus comprising:
a first device comprising an enhancement mode III-N heterostructure field effect transistor (HFET); a second device over the first device, wherein the second device comprises a depletion mode thin film transistor; and a connector to couple a first terminal of the first device to a first terminal of the second device. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the second device comprises:
a thin film comprising oxide semiconductor; and a gate stack coupled to the thin film. 25. The apparatus of claim 23, further comprising:
an inverter circuit that includes:
a driver comprising the first device, and
a load comprising the second device,
wherein the first device is in series with the second device. 26. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the second device comprises a gate that is between:
the first device, and a source and a drain of the second device. 27. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the second device comprises a source and a drain that are between:
the first device, and a gate of the second device. 28. The apparatus of claim 23, further comprising:
one or more levels of metal between the first device and the second device. 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the connector includes at least one of the one or more levels of metal. 30. An apparatus comprising:
a first device; and a second device over the first device, wherein the second device is a thin film transistor device, wherein a first terminal of the first device is coupled to a first terminal of the second device, and wherein the first device and the second device are of complimentary types. 31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein:
the first device is one of an enhancement mode type or a depletion mode type; and the second device is another of the enhancement mode type or the depletion mode type. 32. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein:
the first device is an enhancement mode III-N heterostructure field effect transistor (HFET); and the second device is a depletion mode transistor. 33. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein:
the first device is a Gallium Nitride (GaN) based transistor comprising a channel layer, the channel layer comprising GaN. 34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the first device comprises:
a polarization layer adjacent to the channel layer, wherein the channel layer comprises a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) region near a junction of the polarization layer and the channel layer. 35. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the second device comprises:
a channel region; a gate electrode coupled to the channel region; and source or drain contacts coupled to ends of the channel region. 36. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein the channel region is a thin film comprising an oxide semiconductor. 37. The apparatus of claim 30, further comprising:
one or more levels of metal between the first device and the second device, wherein the first terminal of the first device is coupled to the first terminal of the second device using the one or more levels of metal. 38. The apparatus of claim 30, further comprising:
an inverter circuit that includes:
a driver comprising the first device, and
a load comprising the second device. 39. A method comprising:
forming a first transistor; forming a second transistor over the first transistor, wherein the second transistor is a thin film transistor, and wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are of complimentary types; and connecting the first transistor and the second transistor in series. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein forming the first transistor comprises:
forming a channel layer comprising Gallium Nitride (GaN); and forming a polarization layer adjacent to the channel layer, wherein the channel layer comprises a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) region formed near a junction of the polarization layer and the channel layer. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein forming the first transistor comprises:
forming a source and a drain adjacent to the polarization layer, the source and the drain comprises heavily-doped III-N material having a n-type impurity dopant concentration; and forming a gate stack adjacent to the polarization layer. 42. The method of claim 39, wherein forming the second transistor comprises:
depositing a thin film comprising oxide semiconductor to form a channel layer; forming source/drain contacts adjacent to the thin film; and forming a gate stack adjacent to the thin film. 43. The method of claim 39, wherein connecting the first transistor and the second transistor in series comprises:
forming one or more layers comprising metal, the one or more layers connecting a first terminal of the first transistor to a first terminal of the second transistor. | A semiconductor device comprising stacked complimentary transistors are described. In some embodiments, the semiconductor device comprises a first device comprising an enhancement mode III-N heterostructure field effect transistor (HFET), and a second device over the first device. In an example, the second device comprises a depletion mode thin film transistor. In an example, a connector is to couple a first terminal of the first device to a first terminal of the second device.1-22. (canceled) 23. An apparatus comprising:
a first device comprising an enhancement mode III-N heterostructure field effect transistor (HFET); a second device over the first device, wherein the second device comprises a depletion mode thin film transistor; and a connector to couple a first terminal of the first device to a first terminal of the second device. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the second device comprises:
a thin film comprising oxide semiconductor; and a gate stack coupled to the thin film. 25. The apparatus of claim 23, further comprising:
an inverter circuit that includes:
a driver comprising the first device, and
a load comprising the second device,
wherein the first device is in series with the second device. 26. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the second device comprises a gate that is between:
the first device, and a source and a drain of the second device. 27. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the second device comprises a source and a drain that are between:
the first device, and a gate of the second device. 28. The apparatus of claim 23, further comprising:
one or more levels of metal between the first device and the second device. 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the connector includes at least one of the one or more levels of metal. 30. An apparatus comprising:
a first device; and a second device over the first device, wherein the second device is a thin film transistor device, wherein a first terminal of the first device is coupled to a first terminal of the second device, and wherein the first device and the second device are of complimentary types. 31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein:
the first device is one of an enhancement mode type or a depletion mode type; and the second device is another of the enhancement mode type or the depletion mode type. 32. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein:
the first device is an enhancement mode III-N heterostructure field effect transistor (HFET); and the second device is a depletion mode transistor. 33. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein:
the first device is a Gallium Nitride (GaN) based transistor comprising a channel layer, the channel layer comprising GaN. 34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the first device comprises:
a polarization layer adjacent to the channel layer, wherein the channel layer comprises a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) region near a junction of the polarization layer and the channel layer. 35. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the second device comprises:
a channel region; a gate electrode coupled to the channel region; and source or drain contacts coupled to ends of the channel region. 36. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein the channel region is a thin film comprising an oxide semiconductor. 37. The apparatus of claim 30, further comprising:
one or more levels of metal between the first device and the second device, wherein the first terminal of the first device is coupled to the first terminal of the second device using the one or more levels of metal. 38. The apparatus of claim 30, further comprising:
an inverter circuit that includes:
a driver comprising the first device, and
a load comprising the second device. 39. A method comprising:
forming a first transistor; forming a second transistor over the first transistor, wherein the second transistor is a thin film transistor, and wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are of complimentary types; and connecting the first transistor and the second transistor in series. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein forming the first transistor comprises:
forming a channel layer comprising Gallium Nitride (GaN); and forming a polarization layer adjacent to the channel layer, wherein the channel layer comprises a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) region formed near a junction of the polarization layer and the channel layer. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein forming the first transistor comprises:
forming a source and a drain adjacent to the polarization layer, the source and the drain comprises heavily-doped III-N material having a n-type impurity dopant concentration; and forming a gate stack adjacent to the polarization layer. 42. The method of claim 39, wherein forming the second transistor comprises:
depositing a thin film comprising oxide semiconductor to form a channel layer; forming source/drain contacts adjacent to the thin film; and forming a gate stack adjacent to the thin film. 43. The method of claim 39, wherein connecting the first transistor and the second transistor in series comprises:
forming one or more layers comprising metal, the one or more layers connecting a first terminal of the first transistor to a first terminal of the second transistor. | 3,700 |
340,874 | 16,642,349 | 3,783 | This application relates to the field of communications technologies, and discloses a slot format indication method, a device, and a system. The method includes: generating, by a network device, first indication information, and sending the first indication information to a terminal device; and after receiving the first indication information, determining, by the terminal device, slot formats of M CCs based on the first indication information. The first indication information indicates K slot formats. The K slot formats are the slot formats of the M CCs configured for the terminal device. At least one slot format in the K slot formats is corresponding to at least two CCs in the M CCs. Configuration parameters of the at least two CCs have at least one type of same parameter. The configuration parameter includes at least one of the following parameters: a subcarrier spacing, a cyclic prefix, a bandwidth, or a frequency band. | 1. A slot format indication method, wherein the method comprises:
generating, by a network device, first indication information; and sending, by the network device, the first indication information to a terminal device, wherein the first indication information indicates K slot formats, the K slot formats are slot formats of M component carriers configured for the terminal device, at least one slot format in the K slot formats corresponds to at least two CCs in the M CCs, configuration parameters of the at least two CCs have at least one type of same parameter, K is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, and M is an integer greater than 1, wherein the configuration parameters comprise at least one of the following parameters: a subcarrier spacing, a cyclic prefix, a bandwidth, or a frequency band. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein that the first indication information indicates K slot formats comprises:
the first indication information comprises H fields, and each of K fields in the H fields indicates one slot format in the K slot formats, wherein H is a positive integer greater than or equal to K. 3. The method according to claim 2, before the sending, by the network device, the first indication information to the terminal device, further comprising:
sending, by the network device, first configuration information to the terminal device, wherein the first configuration information comprises or indicates at least one of the following information: a value of H, a parameter corresponding to each of the H fields, and one or more configurable slot formats. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein that the first indication information indicates K slot formats comprises:
the first indication information indicates a first slot format combination manner, wherein the first slot format combination manner is a combination of slot formats corresponding to K types of parameters, and K is a type quantity of parameters corresponding to the M CCs. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sending, by the network device, first indication information to the terminal device comprises:
sending, by the network device, the first indication information on N CCs in the M CCs, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N is less than or equal to M. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the sending, by the network device, the first indication information on N CCs in the M CCs comprises:
sending, by the network device, the first indication information on each of the N CCs; or sending, by the network device, a part of the first indication information on each of the N CCs, wherein the first indication information consists of N parts of the first indication information. 7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the method further comprises:
sending, by the network device, second configuration information to the terminal device, wherein the second configuration information is used to configure N and the N CCs. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in slot formats of all CCs comprised in the M CCs, transmission directions at a same time domain location do not comprise both an uplink direction and a downlink direction. 9. A slot format indication method, wherein the method comprises:
receiving, by a terminal device, first indication information sent by a network device, wherein the first indication information indicates K slot formats, the K slot formats are slot formats of M component carriers (CCs) configured for the terminal device, at least one slot format in the K slot formats corresponds to at least two CCs in the M CCs, configuration parameters of the at least two CCs have at least one type of same parameter, K is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, M is an integer greater than 1, and the configuration parameter comprises at least one of the following parameters: a subcarrier spacing, a cyclic prefix, a bandwidth, or a frequency band; and determining, by the terminal device, the slot formats of the M CCs based on the first indication information. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein that the first indication information indicates K slot formats comprises:
the first indication information comprises H fields, and each of K fields in the H fields indicates one slot format in the K slot formats, wherein H is a positive integer greater than or equal to K. 11. The method according to claim 10, before the receiving, by the terminal device, first indication information sent by the network device, further comprising:
receiving, by the terminal device, first configuration information sent by the network device, wherein the first configuration information comprises or indicates at least one of the following information: a value of H, a parameter corresponding to each of the H fields, and one or more configurable slot formats. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein that the first indication information indicates K slot formats comprises:
the first indication information indicates a first slot format combination manner, wherein the first slot format combination manner is a combination of slot formats corresponding to K types of parameters, and K is a type quantity of parameters corresponding to the M CCs. 13. The method according to claim 9, wherein the receiving, by the terminal device, first indication information sent by the network device comprises:
receiving, by the terminal device, the first indication information sent by the network device on N CCs in the M CCs, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N is less than or equal to M. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the receiving, by the terminal device, the first indication information sent by the network device on N CCs in the M CCs comprises:
receiving, by the terminal device, the first indication information sent by the network device on each of the N CCs; or receiving, by the terminal device, a part of the first indication information sent by the network device on each of the N CCs, wherein the first indication information consists of N parts of the first indication information. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving, by the terminal device, second configuration information sent by the network device, wherein the second configuration information is used to configure N and the N CCs. 16. The method according to claim 9, wherein in slot formats of all CCs comprised in the M CCs, transmission directions at a same time domain location do not comprise both an uplink direction and a downlink direction. 17. (canceled) 18. A terminal device, comprising a processor, a memory, and a transceiver, wherein
the memory is configured to store a program; the transceiver is configured to send and receive data; and the processor is configured to: invoke and execute the program stored in the memory, and send and receive data by using the transceiver, to implement operations comprising: receiving first indication information sent by a network device, wherein the first indication information indicates K slot formats, the K slot formats are slot formats of M component carriers CCs configured for the terminal device, at least one slot format in the K slot formats is corresponding to at least two CCs in the M CCs, configuration parameters of the at least two CCs have at least one type of same parameter, K is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, M is an integer greater than 1, and the configuration parameter comprises at least one of the following parameters: a subcarrier spacing, a cyclic prefix, a bandwidth, or a frequency band; and determining the slot formats of the M CCs based on the first indication information. 19-23. (canceled) 24. The terminal device according to claim 18, wherein that the first indication information indicates K slot formats comprises:
the first indication information comprises H fields, and each of K fields in the H fields indicates one slot format in the K slot formats, wherein H is a positive integer greater than or equal to K. 25. The terminal device according to claim 18, wherein that the first indication information indicates K slot formats comprises:
the first indication information indicates a first slot format combination manner, wherein the first slot format combination manner is a combination of slot formats corresponding to K types of parameters, and K is a type quantity of parameters corresponding to the M CCs. 26. The terminal device according to claim 18, wherein the receiving first indication information sent by the network device comprises:
receiving, by the terminal device, the first indication information sent by the network device on N CCs in the M CCs, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N is less than or equal to M. | This application relates to the field of communications technologies, and discloses a slot format indication method, a device, and a system. The method includes: generating, by a network device, first indication information, and sending the first indication information to a terminal device; and after receiving the first indication information, determining, by the terminal device, slot formats of M CCs based on the first indication information. The first indication information indicates K slot formats. The K slot formats are the slot formats of the M CCs configured for the terminal device. At least one slot format in the K slot formats is corresponding to at least two CCs in the M CCs. Configuration parameters of the at least two CCs have at least one type of same parameter. The configuration parameter includes at least one of the following parameters: a subcarrier spacing, a cyclic prefix, a bandwidth, or a frequency band.1. A slot format indication method, wherein the method comprises:
generating, by a network device, first indication information; and sending, by the network device, the first indication information to a terminal device, wherein the first indication information indicates K slot formats, the K slot formats are slot formats of M component carriers configured for the terminal device, at least one slot format in the K slot formats corresponds to at least two CCs in the M CCs, configuration parameters of the at least two CCs have at least one type of same parameter, K is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, and M is an integer greater than 1, wherein the configuration parameters comprise at least one of the following parameters: a subcarrier spacing, a cyclic prefix, a bandwidth, or a frequency band. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein that the first indication information indicates K slot formats comprises:
the first indication information comprises H fields, and each of K fields in the H fields indicates one slot format in the K slot formats, wherein H is a positive integer greater than or equal to K. 3. The method according to claim 2, before the sending, by the network device, the first indication information to the terminal device, further comprising:
sending, by the network device, first configuration information to the terminal device, wherein the first configuration information comprises or indicates at least one of the following information: a value of H, a parameter corresponding to each of the H fields, and one or more configurable slot formats. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein that the first indication information indicates K slot formats comprises:
the first indication information indicates a first slot format combination manner, wherein the first slot format combination manner is a combination of slot formats corresponding to K types of parameters, and K is a type quantity of parameters corresponding to the M CCs. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sending, by the network device, first indication information to the terminal device comprises:
sending, by the network device, the first indication information on N CCs in the M CCs, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N is less than or equal to M. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the sending, by the network device, the first indication information on N CCs in the M CCs comprises:
sending, by the network device, the first indication information on each of the N CCs; or sending, by the network device, a part of the first indication information on each of the N CCs, wherein the first indication information consists of N parts of the first indication information. 7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the method further comprises:
sending, by the network device, second configuration information to the terminal device, wherein the second configuration information is used to configure N and the N CCs. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in slot formats of all CCs comprised in the M CCs, transmission directions at a same time domain location do not comprise both an uplink direction and a downlink direction. 9. A slot format indication method, wherein the method comprises:
receiving, by a terminal device, first indication information sent by a network device, wherein the first indication information indicates K slot formats, the K slot formats are slot formats of M component carriers (CCs) configured for the terminal device, at least one slot format in the K slot formats corresponds to at least two CCs in the M CCs, configuration parameters of the at least two CCs have at least one type of same parameter, K is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, M is an integer greater than 1, and the configuration parameter comprises at least one of the following parameters: a subcarrier spacing, a cyclic prefix, a bandwidth, or a frequency band; and determining, by the terminal device, the slot formats of the M CCs based on the first indication information. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein that the first indication information indicates K slot formats comprises:
the first indication information comprises H fields, and each of K fields in the H fields indicates one slot format in the K slot formats, wherein H is a positive integer greater than or equal to K. 11. The method according to claim 10, before the receiving, by the terminal device, first indication information sent by the network device, further comprising:
receiving, by the terminal device, first configuration information sent by the network device, wherein the first configuration information comprises or indicates at least one of the following information: a value of H, a parameter corresponding to each of the H fields, and one or more configurable slot formats. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein that the first indication information indicates K slot formats comprises:
the first indication information indicates a first slot format combination manner, wherein the first slot format combination manner is a combination of slot formats corresponding to K types of parameters, and K is a type quantity of parameters corresponding to the M CCs. 13. The method according to claim 9, wherein the receiving, by the terminal device, first indication information sent by the network device comprises:
receiving, by the terminal device, the first indication information sent by the network device on N CCs in the M CCs, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N is less than or equal to M. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the receiving, by the terminal device, the first indication information sent by the network device on N CCs in the M CCs comprises:
receiving, by the terminal device, the first indication information sent by the network device on each of the N CCs; or receiving, by the terminal device, a part of the first indication information sent by the network device on each of the N CCs, wherein the first indication information consists of N parts of the first indication information. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving, by the terminal device, second configuration information sent by the network device, wherein the second configuration information is used to configure N and the N CCs. 16. The method according to claim 9, wherein in slot formats of all CCs comprised in the M CCs, transmission directions at a same time domain location do not comprise both an uplink direction and a downlink direction. 17. (canceled) 18. A terminal device, comprising a processor, a memory, and a transceiver, wherein
the memory is configured to store a program; the transceiver is configured to send and receive data; and the processor is configured to: invoke and execute the program stored in the memory, and send and receive data by using the transceiver, to implement operations comprising: receiving first indication information sent by a network device, wherein the first indication information indicates K slot formats, the K slot formats are slot formats of M component carriers CCs configured for the terminal device, at least one slot format in the K slot formats is corresponding to at least two CCs in the M CCs, configuration parameters of the at least two CCs have at least one type of same parameter, K is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, M is an integer greater than 1, and the configuration parameter comprises at least one of the following parameters: a subcarrier spacing, a cyclic prefix, a bandwidth, or a frequency band; and determining the slot formats of the M CCs based on the first indication information. 19-23. (canceled) 24. The terminal device according to claim 18, wherein that the first indication information indicates K slot formats comprises:
the first indication information comprises H fields, and each of K fields in the H fields indicates one slot format in the K slot formats, wherein H is a positive integer greater than or equal to K. 25. The terminal device according to claim 18, wherein that the first indication information indicates K slot formats comprises:
the first indication information indicates a first slot format combination manner, wherein the first slot format combination manner is a combination of slot formats corresponding to K types of parameters, and K is a type quantity of parameters corresponding to the M CCs. 26. The terminal device according to claim 18, wherein the receiving first indication information sent by the network device comprises:
receiving, by the terminal device, the first indication information sent by the network device on N CCs in the M CCs, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N is less than or equal to M. | 3,700 |
340,875 | 16,642,337 | 3,783 | The present invention relates to the use of specific strains of Lactobacillus paracasei or of a composition comprising said strains for the prevention and/or treatment of a physiopathological condition related to/associated with Clostridium difficile infection, preferably intestinal infections, or so-called CD-associated disease (CDAD) or CD infection (CDI). | 1. L. casei DG® and/or Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-S01 bacterial strain(s) or a composition including said strain(s) for use in the prevention and/or in the treatment of a physiopathological condition related to/associated with Clostridium difficile infection and/or of the symptomatology associated with that physiopathological condition and/or of the histological lesions caused by said Clostridium difficile infection. 2. The bacterial strain or the composition for use according to the claim 1, wherein said Clostridium difficile infection is an intestinal infection. 3. The bacterial strain or the composition for use according to claim 1, 2, wherein said physiopathological condition related to/associated with Clostridium difficile infection is selected from: pseudomembranous enterocolitis, pseudomembranous colitis, pseudomembranous colitis without pseudomembranes, fulminant colitis, colitis with toxic megacolon and intestinal perforation, colitis associated with antibiotics, diarrhea associated with antibiotics, diarrhea associated with C. difficile infection. 4. The bacterial strain or the composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said symptomatology associated with said infection/CDAD/CDI is selected from: diarrhea, dehydratation, pseudomembranous colitis, enteropathies, toxic megacolon, intestinal perforation, sepsis, intestinal haemorrhaging and hypokaliemia. 5. The bacterial strain or the composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said composition comprises further micro-organisms, preferably bacteria, preferably probiotic bacteria, and/or yeasts and/or fungi. 6. The bacterial strain or the composition for use according to the claim 5, wherein said bacteria belong to a genus selected from: Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Bacillus, Propionibacterium, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Aerococcus, Enterococcus and combinations thereof, preferably said bacteria belong to the genus Lactobacillus e/o Bifidobacterium. 7. The bacterial strain or the composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said L. casei DG® and/or said Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-S01 and/or said any further microorganisms are administered in a quantity varying from 1 billion to 300 billion (or more, as appropriate), more preferably from 50 to 250 billion, even more preferably 75-150 billion, of cells, preferably bacterial cells, for each intake. 8. The bacterial strain or the composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said strain and/or said composition is taken at least one-twice daily. 9. The bacterial strain or the composition for use according to claim 1, formulated for oral administration, preferably in the form of pills, capsules, tablets, granular powder, opercula, orosoluble granules, sachets, sugared coated pills or drinkable bottles; or in liquid form, preferably a syrup or drink; or added to a food, preferably yoghurt, cheese or fruit juice. 10. The bacterial strain or the composition for use according to claim 1, formulated for a topical action, preferably by rectal administration, preferably as enema, preferably by faecal microbiota transplantation. 11. A method for preventing and/or treating a patient for a physiopathological condition related to/associated with Clostridium difficile infection and/or of the symptomatology associated with that physiopathological condition and/or of the histological lesions caused by said Clostridium difficile infection comprising administering a composition comprising L. casei DG® and/or Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-S01 bacterial strain(s) to the patient. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the patient has an intestinal Clostridium difficile infection. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the patient has pseudomembranous enterocolitis, pseudomembranous colitis, pseudomembranous colitis without pseudomembranes, fulminant colitis, colitis with toxic megacolon and intestinal perforation, colitis associated with antibiotics, diarrhea associated with antibiotics, diarrhea associated with C. difficile infection. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the patients has one or more of the following symptoms: diarrhea, dehydratation, pseudomembranous colitis, enteropathies, toxic megacolon, intestinal perforation, sepsis, intestinal haemorrhaging and hypokaliemia. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the composition comprises further micro-organisms, preferably bacteria, preferably probiotic bacteria, and/or yeasts and/or fungi. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the composition further comprises a bacteria belong to a genus selected from: Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Bacillus, Propionibacterium, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Aerococcus, Enterococcus and combinations thereof, preferably said bacteria belong to the genus Lactobacillus e/o Bifidobacterium. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein said L. casei DG® and/or said Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-S01 and/or said any further microorganisms are administered in a quantity varying from 1 billion to 300 billion or more, as appropriate for each intake. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the composition is administered at least one-twice daily. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the composition formulated for oral administration selected from pills, capsules, tablets, granular powder, opercula, orosoluble granules, sachets, sugared coated pills or drinkable bottles; or in a liquid form selected from syrup or drink; or added to a food selected from yoghurt, cheese or fruit juice. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the composition is formulated for rectal administration, as an enema or faecal microbiota transplant. | The present invention relates to the use of specific strains of Lactobacillus paracasei or of a composition comprising said strains for the prevention and/or treatment of a physiopathological condition related to/associated with Clostridium difficile infection, preferably intestinal infections, or so-called CD-associated disease (CDAD) or CD infection (CDI).1. L. casei DG® and/or Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-S01 bacterial strain(s) or a composition including said strain(s) for use in the prevention and/or in the treatment of a physiopathological condition related to/associated with Clostridium difficile infection and/or of the symptomatology associated with that physiopathological condition and/or of the histological lesions caused by said Clostridium difficile infection. 2. The bacterial strain or the composition for use according to the claim 1, wherein said Clostridium difficile infection is an intestinal infection. 3. The bacterial strain or the composition for use according to claim 1, 2, wherein said physiopathological condition related to/associated with Clostridium difficile infection is selected from: pseudomembranous enterocolitis, pseudomembranous colitis, pseudomembranous colitis without pseudomembranes, fulminant colitis, colitis with toxic megacolon and intestinal perforation, colitis associated with antibiotics, diarrhea associated with antibiotics, diarrhea associated with C. difficile infection. 4. The bacterial strain or the composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said symptomatology associated with said infection/CDAD/CDI is selected from: diarrhea, dehydratation, pseudomembranous colitis, enteropathies, toxic megacolon, intestinal perforation, sepsis, intestinal haemorrhaging and hypokaliemia. 5. The bacterial strain or the composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said composition comprises further micro-organisms, preferably bacteria, preferably probiotic bacteria, and/or yeasts and/or fungi. 6. The bacterial strain or the composition for use according to the claim 5, wherein said bacteria belong to a genus selected from: Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Bacillus, Propionibacterium, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Aerococcus, Enterococcus and combinations thereof, preferably said bacteria belong to the genus Lactobacillus e/o Bifidobacterium. 7. The bacterial strain or the composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said L. casei DG® and/or said Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-S01 and/or said any further microorganisms are administered in a quantity varying from 1 billion to 300 billion (or more, as appropriate), more preferably from 50 to 250 billion, even more preferably 75-150 billion, of cells, preferably bacterial cells, for each intake. 8. The bacterial strain or the composition for use according to claim 1, wherein said strain and/or said composition is taken at least one-twice daily. 9. The bacterial strain or the composition for use according to claim 1, formulated for oral administration, preferably in the form of pills, capsules, tablets, granular powder, opercula, orosoluble granules, sachets, sugared coated pills or drinkable bottles; or in liquid form, preferably a syrup or drink; or added to a food, preferably yoghurt, cheese or fruit juice. 10. The bacterial strain or the composition for use according to claim 1, formulated for a topical action, preferably by rectal administration, preferably as enema, preferably by faecal microbiota transplantation. 11. A method for preventing and/or treating a patient for a physiopathological condition related to/associated with Clostridium difficile infection and/or of the symptomatology associated with that physiopathological condition and/or of the histological lesions caused by said Clostridium difficile infection comprising administering a composition comprising L. casei DG® and/or Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-S01 bacterial strain(s) to the patient. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the patient has an intestinal Clostridium difficile infection. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the patient has pseudomembranous enterocolitis, pseudomembranous colitis, pseudomembranous colitis without pseudomembranes, fulminant colitis, colitis with toxic megacolon and intestinal perforation, colitis associated with antibiotics, diarrhea associated with antibiotics, diarrhea associated with C. difficile infection. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the patients has one or more of the following symptoms: diarrhea, dehydratation, pseudomembranous colitis, enteropathies, toxic megacolon, intestinal perforation, sepsis, intestinal haemorrhaging and hypokaliemia. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the composition comprises further micro-organisms, preferably bacteria, preferably probiotic bacteria, and/or yeasts and/or fungi. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the composition further comprises a bacteria belong to a genus selected from: Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Bacillus, Propionibacterium, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Aerococcus, Enterococcus and combinations thereof, preferably said bacteria belong to the genus Lactobacillus e/o Bifidobacterium. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein said L. casei DG® and/or said Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-S01 and/or said any further microorganisms are administered in a quantity varying from 1 billion to 300 billion or more, as appropriate for each intake. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the composition is administered at least one-twice daily. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the composition formulated for oral administration selected from pills, capsules, tablets, granular powder, opercula, orosoluble granules, sachets, sugared coated pills or drinkable bottles; or in a liquid form selected from syrup or drink; or added to a food selected from yoghurt, cheese or fruit juice. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the composition is formulated for rectal administration, as an enema or faecal microbiota transplant. | 3,700 |
340,876 | 16,801,147 | 2,884 | A narrow thermal neutron detector includes a slidably receivable ionization thermal neutron detector module within an overall housing body. An active sheet layer of the ionization thermal neutron detector module can be tensioned across its width. The ionization thermal neutron detector module can include module upper major surface extents and module lower surface extents such that, when installed within the housing body, the module upper major surface extents are in a first spaced apart confronting relationship with housing upper major surface extents to define a first clearance and module lower major surface extents are in a second spaced apart confronting relationship with housing lower major surface extents to define a second clearance to accommodate housing flexing due to ambient pressure change. The housing body can be formed with a single opening for receiving the ionization thermal neutron detection module or with opposing first and second opposing end openings. | 1. A thermal neutron detector for detecting thermal neutrons, said thermal neutron detector comprising:
a housing defining a housing cavity; an ionization detector module having a peripheral outline that is complementary to the housing within the housing cavity, the ionization detector module having a length, a width and a height with the height being less than each of the length and the width, the ionization detector module including a framework to which an active sheet layer is fixedly attached, the framework including an opposing pair of lengthwise side margins extending between another pair of widthwise side margins to define a rectangular shape supporting the active sheet layer to span at least a majority of said length and width and a support to engage at least one of the lengthwise side margins of the framework to apply a tension force to the framework between the lengthwise side margins such that the active sheet layer is under tension across the width of the ionization detector module; an electrode arrangement including at least a first electrode and a second electrode within said housing in a spaced apart relationship with said active sheet layer, with the ionization detector module in the installed position, such that each of the first electrode and the second electrode is oppositely proximate to one of a pair of opposing major surfaces of the active sheet layer; an electrical feedthrough extending through the housing; and an electrical conductor extending through the electrical feedthrough for electrical communication with the electrode arrangement, the housing containing a readout gas in communication with said active sheet layer and said electrode arrangement such that, responsive to an electrical bias applied to the electrode arrangement by the electrically conductive arrangement and responsive to incident thermal neutrons, an electrical detection current is generated on the electrode arrangement. 2. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein the first electrode is supported by the housing and the second electrode is supported by the ionization detector module. 3. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein said electrode arrangement includes a first set of electrodes made up of a first plurality of electrodes which includes the first electrode and a second set of electrodes made up of a second plurality of electrodes which includes the second electrode such that each of the first set of electrodes and the second set of electrodes is oppositely proximate to one of the pair of opposing major surfaces of the active sheet layer with the electrode arrangement spanning at least the majority of said length and width. 4. The thermal neutron detector of claim 3 wherein the first set of electrodes is supported by the housing and the second set of electrodes is supported by the ionization detector module. 5. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein the housing includes an orthorectangular outline. 6. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein said active sheet layer is Li-6. 7. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein the electrode arrangement is supported by the ionization detector module. 8. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein the tension force limits movement of the active sheet layer responsive to mechanical shock and vibration and enhances flatness of the active sheet layer as compared to an active sheet layer that is not under tension. 9. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein the support directly engages both of the lengthwise side margins. 10. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein the support applies the tension force as a resilient biasing force. 11. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein the support applies the tension force as a flexural force. 12. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein the ionization detector module includes an upper ground plate and a lower ground plate forming upper and lower major extents, respectively, of the ionization detector module, each of the upper ground plate and the lower ground plate including lengthwise edges to form a first pair of lengthwise edges proximate to one side of the housing and a second pair of lengthwise edges proximate to an opposite side of the housing and the support includes at least a first side spacer extending between the first pair of lengthwise edges configured to apply the tension force. 13. The thermal neutron detector of claim 12 wherein the first side spacer is resiliently flexed in an installed configuration to apply the tension force. 14. The thermal neutron detector of claim 12 wherein the support includes a second side spacer extending between the second pair of lengthwise edges cooperating with the first side spacer to apply the tension force in a way that compresses the first and second ground plates. 15. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein the housing includes housing upper major surface extents and housing lower major surface extents within the housing and the ionization detector module includes module upper major surface extents and module lower major surface extents such that, in the installed position, the module upper major surface extents are in a first spaced apart confronting relationship with the housing upper major surface extents to define a first clearance therebetween and the module lower major surface extents are in a second spaced apart confronting relationship with the housing lower major surface extents to define a second clearance therebetween and responsive at least to ambient pressure change, the housing upper and lower surface extents mechanically flex relative to the module upper and lower surface extents, respectively, to isolate the ionization detector module from deflections of the housing upper and lower surface extents responsive to the ambient pressure change. 16. The thermal neutron detector of claim 15 wherein the ionization detector module is resiliently supported within the main housing body to provide the first and second clearances. 17. The thermal neutron detector of claim 16 wherein an upper ground plate defines the upper module major surface extents and a lower ground plate defines the lower module major surface extents and a plurality of spring slides are fixedly attached to the upper and lower ground plates to maintain the first and second clearances such that each of the upper and lower major surface extents of the main housing body can flex at least to a limited extent without inducing movement of the ionization detector module in response thereto. 18. The thermal neutron detector of claim 15 wherein the tension force limits movement of the active sheet layer responsive to mechanical shock and vibration and enhances flatness of the active sheet layer as compared to an active sheet layer that is not under tension. | A narrow thermal neutron detector includes a slidably receivable ionization thermal neutron detector module within an overall housing body. An active sheet layer of the ionization thermal neutron detector module can be tensioned across its width. The ionization thermal neutron detector module can include module upper major surface extents and module lower surface extents such that, when installed within the housing body, the module upper major surface extents are in a first spaced apart confronting relationship with housing upper major surface extents to define a first clearance and module lower major surface extents are in a second spaced apart confronting relationship with housing lower major surface extents to define a second clearance to accommodate housing flexing due to ambient pressure change. The housing body can be formed with a single opening for receiving the ionization thermal neutron detection module or with opposing first and second opposing end openings.1. A thermal neutron detector for detecting thermal neutrons, said thermal neutron detector comprising:
a housing defining a housing cavity; an ionization detector module having a peripheral outline that is complementary to the housing within the housing cavity, the ionization detector module having a length, a width and a height with the height being less than each of the length and the width, the ionization detector module including a framework to which an active sheet layer is fixedly attached, the framework including an opposing pair of lengthwise side margins extending between another pair of widthwise side margins to define a rectangular shape supporting the active sheet layer to span at least a majority of said length and width and a support to engage at least one of the lengthwise side margins of the framework to apply a tension force to the framework between the lengthwise side margins such that the active sheet layer is under tension across the width of the ionization detector module; an electrode arrangement including at least a first electrode and a second electrode within said housing in a spaced apart relationship with said active sheet layer, with the ionization detector module in the installed position, such that each of the first electrode and the second electrode is oppositely proximate to one of a pair of opposing major surfaces of the active sheet layer; an electrical feedthrough extending through the housing; and an electrical conductor extending through the electrical feedthrough for electrical communication with the electrode arrangement, the housing containing a readout gas in communication with said active sheet layer and said electrode arrangement such that, responsive to an electrical bias applied to the electrode arrangement by the electrically conductive arrangement and responsive to incident thermal neutrons, an electrical detection current is generated on the electrode arrangement. 2. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein the first electrode is supported by the housing and the second electrode is supported by the ionization detector module. 3. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein said electrode arrangement includes a first set of electrodes made up of a first plurality of electrodes which includes the first electrode and a second set of electrodes made up of a second plurality of electrodes which includes the second electrode such that each of the first set of electrodes and the second set of electrodes is oppositely proximate to one of the pair of opposing major surfaces of the active sheet layer with the electrode arrangement spanning at least the majority of said length and width. 4. The thermal neutron detector of claim 3 wherein the first set of electrodes is supported by the housing and the second set of electrodes is supported by the ionization detector module. 5. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein the housing includes an orthorectangular outline. 6. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein said active sheet layer is Li-6. 7. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein the electrode arrangement is supported by the ionization detector module. 8. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein the tension force limits movement of the active sheet layer responsive to mechanical shock and vibration and enhances flatness of the active sheet layer as compared to an active sheet layer that is not under tension. 9. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein the support directly engages both of the lengthwise side margins. 10. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein the support applies the tension force as a resilient biasing force. 11. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein the support applies the tension force as a flexural force. 12. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein the ionization detector module includes an upper ground plate and a lower ground plate forming upper and lower major extents, respectively, of the ionization detector module, each of the upper ground plate and the lower ground plate including lengthwise edges to form a first pair of lengthwise edges proximate to one side of the housing and a second pair of lengthwise edges proximate to an opposite side of the housing and the support includes at least a first side spacer extending between the first pair of lengthwise edges configured to apply the tension force. 13. The thermal neutron detector of claim 12 wherein the first side spacer is resiliently flexed in an installed configuration to apply the tension force. 14. The thermal neutron detector of claim 12 wherein the support includes a second side spacer extending between the second pair of lengthwise edges cooperating with the first side spacer to apply the tension force in a way that compresses the first and second ground plates. 15. The thermal neutron detector of claim 1 wherein the housing includes housing upper major surface extents and housing lower major surface extents within the housing and the ionization detector module includes module upper major surface extents and module lower major surface extents such that, in the installed position, the module upper major surface extents are in a first spaced apart confronting relationship with the housing upper major surface extents to define a first clearance therebetween and the module lower major surface extents are in a second spaced apart confronting relationship with the housing lower major surface extents to define a second clearance therebetween and responsive at least to ambient pressure change, the housing upper and lower surface extents mechanically flex relative to the module upper and lower surface extents, respectively, to isolate the ionization detector module from deflections of the housing upper and lower surface extents responsive to the ambient pressure change. 16. The thermal neutron detector of claim 15 wherein the ionization detector module is resiliently supported within the main housing body to provide the first and second clearances. 17. The thermal neutron detector of claim 16 wherein an upper ground plate defines the upper module major surface extents and a lower ground plate defines the lower module major surface extents and a plurality of spring slides are fixedly attached to the upper and lower ground plates to maintain the first and second clearances such that each of the upper and lower major surface extents of the main housing body can flex at least to a limited extent without inducing movement of the ionization detector module in response thereto. 18. The thermal neutron detector of claim 15 wherein the tension force limits movement of the active sheet layer responsive to mechanical shock and vibration and enhances flatness of the active sheet layer as compared to an active sheet layer that is not under tension. | 2,800 |
340,877 | 16,642,357 | 2,498 | A control device includes: a program execution module that executes a program created depending on a control target; a detection module that determines whether a security event occurs in access from outside to the control device; and a notification module that provides a notification, upon detection of occurrence of the security event, to a notification destination corresponding to the occurred security event. The security event includes an event that does not conform to a predetermined rule. | 1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. A control device that controls a control target, the control device comprising:
a first unit including a program execution module that executes a program created depending on the control target; a second unit including a detection module that determines whether a security event occurs in access from outside to the control device; and a notification module that provides a notification, upon detection of occurrence of the security event, to a notification destination corresponding to the occurred security event, the first unit having a port for network connection, the security event including that, when the port of the first unit is disabled, the port is network-connected. 12. A control device that controls a control target, the control device comprising:
a program execution module that executes a program created depending on the control target; a detection module that determines whether a security event occurs in access from outside to the control device; and a notification module that provides a notification, upon detection of occurrence of the security event, to a notification destination corresponding to the occurred security event, the security event including that a support device capable of developing the program to be executed in the control device is connected to the control device. 13. The control device according to claim 11, wherein
the security event includes any of
a behavior and an action that halt operation of the control device and/or degrade performance of the control device,
a behavior and an action that halt processing for executing the program and/or degrade performance of the program in the control device, and
a behavior and an action that halt operation of the control target and/or degrade performance of the control target. 14. The control device according to claim 11, wherein the security event includes that any of a network address, a physical address, and a port number of a data transmission destination and/or a data transmission source is not included in a predetermined list for permitted access, or is included in a predetermined list for prohibited access. 15. The control device according to claim 11, wherein the security event includes that user authentication required when accessing the control device from the outside fails. 16. The control device according to claim 11, wherein the security event includes that any of addition and change of the program to be executed in the control device and change of setting in the control device occurs. 17. The control device according to claim 11, wherein the notification module provides an event notification about occurrence of the security event through a network. 18. The control device according to claim 17, wherein an alert unit arranged on the network starts alert operation upon receiving the event notification from the notification module. 19. A control system that controls a control target, the control system comprising:
a first unit including a program execution module that executes a program created depending on the control target; and a second unit including a detection module that determines whether a security event occurs in access from outside to the first unit, and a notification module that provides a notification, upon detection of occurrence of the security event, to a notification destination corresponding to the occurred security event, the first unit having a port for network connection, the security event including that, when the port of the first unit is disabled, the port is network-connected. 20. A control system that controls a control target, the control system comprising:
a first unit including a program execution module that executes a program created depending on the control target; and a second unit including a detection module that determines whether a security event occurs in access from outside to the first unit, and a notification module that provides a notification, upon detection of occurrence of the security event, to a notification destination corresponding to the occurred security event, the security event including that a support device capable of developing the program to be executed in the control system is connected to the control system. 21. The control device according to claim 12, wherein
the security event includes any of
a behavior and an action that halt operation of the control device and/or degrade performance of the control device,
a behavior and an action that halt processing for executing the program and/or degrade performance of the program in the control device, and
a behavior and an action that halt operation of the control target and/or degrade performance of the control target. 22. The control device according to claim 12, wherein the security event includes that any of a network address, a physical address, and a port number of a data transmission destination and/or a data transmission source is not included in a predetermined list for permitted access, or is included in a predetermined list for prohibited access. 23. The control device according to claim 12, wherein the security event includes that user authentication required when accessing the control device from the outside fails. 24. The control device according to claim 12, wherein the security event includes that any of addition and change of the program to be executed in the control device and change of setting in the control device occurs. 25. The control device according to claim 12, wherein the notification module provides an event notification about occurrence of the security event through a network. 26. The control device according to claim 25, wherein an alert unit arranged on the network starts alert operation upon receiving the event notification from the notification module. | A control device includes: a program execution module that executes a program created depending on a control target; a detection module that determines whether a security event occurs in access from outside to the control device; and a notification module that provides a notification, upon detection of occurrence of the security event, to a notification destination corresponding to the occurred security event. The security event includes an event that does not conform to a predetermined rule.1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. (canceled) 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. (canceled) 11. A control device that controls a control target, the control device comprising:
a first unit including a program execution module that executes a program created depending on the control target; a second unit including a detection module that determines whether a security event occurs in access from outside to the control device; and a notification module that provides a notification, upon detection of occurrence of the security event, to a notification destination corresponding to the occurred security event, the first unit having a port for network connection, the security event including that, when the port of the first unit is disabled, the port is network-connected. 12. A control device that controls a control target, the control device comprising:
a program execution module that executes a program created depending on the control target; a detection module that determines whether a security event occurs in access from outside to the control device; and a notification module that provides a notification, upon detection of occurrence of the security event, to a notification destination corresponding to the occurred security event, the security event including that a support device capable of developing the program to be executed in the control device is connected to the control device. 13. The control device according to claim 11, wherein
the security event includes any of
a behavior and an action that halt operation of the control device and/or degrade performance of the control device,
a behavior and an action that halt processing for executing the program and/or degrade performance of the program in the control device, and
a behavior and an action that halt operation of the control target and/or degrade performance of the control target. 14. The control device according to claim 11, wherein the security event includes that any of a network address, a physical address, and a port number of a data transmission destination and/or a data transmission source is not included in a predetermined list for permitted access, or is included in a predetermined list for prohibited access. 15. The control device according to claim 11, wherein the security event includes that user authentication required when accessing the control device from the outside fails. 16. The control device according to claim 11, wherein the security event includes that any of addition and change of the program to be executed in the control device and change of setting in the control device occurs. 17. The control device according to claim 11, wherein the notification module provides an event notification about occurrence of the security event through a network. 18. The control device according to claim 17, wherein an alert unit arranged on the network starts alert operation upon receiving the event notification from the notification module. 19. A control system that controls a control target, the control system comprising:
a first unit including a program execution module that executes a program created depending on the control target; and a second unit including a detection module that determines whether a security event occurs in access from outside to the first unit, and a notification module that provides a notification, upon detection of occurrence of the security event, to a notification destination corresponding to the occurred security event, the first unit having a port for network connection, the security event including that, when the port of the first unit is disabled, the port is network-connected. 20. A control system that controls a control target, the control system comprising:
a first unit including a program execution module that executes a program created depending on the control target; and a second unit including a detection module that determines whether a security event occurs in access from outside to the first unit, and a notification module that provides a notification, upon detection of occurrence of the security event, to a notification destination corresponding to the occurred security event, the security event including that a support device capable of developing the program to be executed in the control system is connected to the control system. 21. The control device according to claim 12, wherein
the security event includes any of
a behavior and an action that halt operation of the control device and/or degrade performance of the control device,
a behavior and an action that halt processing for executing the program and/or degrade performance of the program in the control device, and
a behavior and an action that halt operation of the control target and/or degrade performance of the control target. 22. The control device according to claim 12, wherein the security event includes that any of a network address, a physical address, and a port number of a data transmission destination and/or a data transmission source is not included in a predetermined list for permitted access, or is included in a predetermined list for prohibited access. 23. The control device according to claim 12, wherein the security event includes that user authentication required when accessing the control device from the outside fails. 24. The control device according to claim 12, wherein the security event includes that any of addition and change of the program to be executed in the control device and change of setting in the control device occurs. 25. The control device according to claim 12, wherein the notification module provides an event notification about occurrence of the security event through a network. 26. The control device according to claim 25, wherein an alert unit arranged on the network starts alert operation upon receiving the event notification from the notification module. | 2,400 |
340,878 | 16,801,152 | 2,498 | A model aggregation device includes a communication device able to communicate with a plurality of vehicles in which neural network models are learned, a storage device storing a part of the neural network models sent from the plurality of vehicles, and a control device. The neural network model outputs at least one output parameter from a plurality of input parameters. The control device is configured to, if receiving a new neural network model from one vehicle among the plurality of vehicles through the communication device, compare ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model and ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning a current neural network model stored in the storage device to thereby determine whether to replace the current neural network model with the new neural network model. | 1. A model aggregation device comprising
a communication device able to communicate with a plurality of vehicles in which neural network models are learned, a storage device storing a part of the neural network models sent from the plurality of vehicles, and a control device, wherein the neural network model outputs at least one output parameter from a plurality of input parameters, and the control device is configured to, if receiving a new neural network model from one vehicle among the plurality of vehicles through the communication device, compare ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model and ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning a current neural network model stored in the storage device to thereby determine whether to replace the current neural network model with the new neural network model. 2. The model aggregation device according to claim 1, wherein the control device is configured to replace the current neural network model with the new neural network model if ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model are broader than ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the current neural network model, a number of combinations of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model is smaller than a number of combinations of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the current neural network model, and date and time when the new neural network model finishes being learned is later than date and time when the current neural network model finishes being learned. 3. The model aggregation device according to claim 1, wherein the control device is configured to replace the current neural network model with the new neural network model if ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model are narrower than ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the current neural network model, a number of combinations of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model is greater than a number of combinations of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the current neural network model, and date and time when the new neural network model finishes being learned is later than date and time when the current neural network model finishes being learned. 4. The model aggregation device according to claim 1, wherein the control device is configured to replace the current neural network model with the new neural network model if ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model are broader than ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the current neural network model. 5. The model aggregation device according to claim 1, wherein the control device is configured to replace the current neural network model with the new neural network model if ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model are equal to ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the current neural network model and a number of combinations of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model is greater than a number of combinations of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the current neural network model. 6. The model aggregation device according to claim 1, wherein the control device is configured not to replace the current neural network model with the new neural network model if a value of at least one of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model is abnormal. 7. A model aggregation system comprising a server and a plurality of vehicles, wherein
each of the plurality of vehicles comprises a first communication device able to communicate with the server and a first control device configured to perform learning of a neural network model outputting at least one output parameter from a plurality of input parameters, the server comprises a second communication device able to communicate with the plurality of vehicles, a storage device storing a part of the neural network models sent from the plurality of the vehicles, and a second control device, and the second control device is configured to, if receiving a new neural network model from one vehicle among the plurality of vehicles through the first communication device and the second communication device, compare ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model and ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning a current neural network model stored in the storage device to thereby determine whether to replace the current neural network model with the new neural network model. | A model aggregation device includes a communication device able to communicate with a plurality of vehicles in which neural network models are learned, a storage device storing a part of the neural network models sent from the plurality of vehicles, and a control device. The neural network model outputs at least one output parameter from a plurality of input parameters. The control device is configured to, if receiving a new neural network model from one vehicle among the plurality of vehicles through the communication device, compare ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model and ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning a current neural network model stored in the storage device to thereby determine whether to replace the current neural network model with the new neural network model.1. A model aggregation device comprising
a communication device able to communicate with a plurality of vehicles in which neural network models are learned, a storage device storing a part of the neural network models sent from the plurality of vehicles, and a control device, wherein the neural network model outputs at least one output parameter from a plurality of input parameters, and the control device is configured to, if receiving a new neural network model from one vehicle among the plurality of vehicles through the communication device, compare ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model and ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning a current neural network model stored in the storage device to thereby determine whether to replace the current neural network model with the new neural network model. 2. The model aggregation device according to claim 1, wherein the control device is configured to replace the current neural network model with the new neural network model if ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model are broader than ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the current neural network model, a number of combinations of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model is smaller than a number of combinations of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the current neural network model, and date and time when the new neural network model finishes being learned is later than date and time when the current neural network model finishes being learned. 3. The model aggregation device according to claim 1, wherein the control device is configured to replace the current neural network model with the new neural network model if ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model are narrower than ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the current neural network model, a number of combinations of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model is greater than a number of combinations of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the current neural network model, and date and time when the new neural network model finishes being learned is later than date and time when the current neural network model finishes being learned. 4. The model aggregation device according to claim 1, wherein the control device is configured to replace the current neural network model with the new neural network model if ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model are broader than ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the current neural network model. 5. The model aggregation device according to claim 1, wherein the control device is configured to replace the current neural network model with the new neural network model if ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model are equal to ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the current neural network model and a number of combinations of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model is greater than a number of combinations of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the current neural network model. 6. The model aggregation device according to claim 1, wherein the control device is configured not to replace the current neural network model with the new neural network model if a value of at least one of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model is abnormal. 7. A model aggregation system comprising a server and a plurality of vehicles, wherein
each of the plurality of vehicles comprises a first communication device able to communicate with the server and a first control device configured to perform learning of a neural network model outputting at least one output parameter from a plurality of input parameters, the server comprises a second communication device able to communicate with the plurality of vehicles, a storage device storing a part of the neural network models sent from the plurality of the vehicles, and a second control device, and the second control device is configured to, if receiving a new neural network model from one vehicle among the plurality of vehicles through the first communication device and the second communication device, compare ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning the new neural network model and ranges of the plurality of input parameters which were used for learning a current neural network model stored in the storage device to thereby determine whether to replace the current neural network model with the new neural network model. | 2,400 |
340,879 | 16,642,358 | 2,498 | Described is an apparatus which comprises: a first layer comprising a metal; a second layer comprising a first para-electric material, the second layer adjacent to the first layer; and a third layer comprising a second para-electric material, the third layer adjacent to the second layer, wherein the first para-electric material is different from the second para-electric material. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. An apparatus comprising:
a first layer comprising a metal; a second layer comprising a first para-electric material, the second layer adjacent to the first layer; and a third layer comprising a second para-electric material, the third layer adjacent to the second layer, wherein the first para-electric material is different from the second para-electric material. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the metal of the first layer includes one or more of: Cu, Al, Au, Ag, W, Co, or Graphene. 28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the first and second para-electric materials include one or more of: Hf, Zr, Ti, Si, Sc, Al, Zn, Sn, La, nitride, or silicate. 29. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the second and third layers are alternated at least two times. 30. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the second and third layers together exhibit a ferroelectric property. 31. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the second layer has a thickness which is substantially same as a thickness of third layer. 32. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the second layer has a thickness which is substantially different than a thickness of third layer. 33. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the first and second para-electric materials include one or more of: HfO2, ZrO2, TiO2, SiO2, ScO2, Al2O3, ZnO, Sn2O3, La2O3, nitride, or silicate. 34. An apparatus comprising:
a first set of metal lines that extend in a first direction; a second set of metal lines that extend in a second direction which is orthogonal to the first direction; and a plurality of vias coupling the first set of metal lines and the second set of metal lines, wherein at least one via of the plurality comprises:
alternate layers of first and second layers, wherein the first layer comprises a first para-electric material, the first layer adjacent to the first layer, wherein the second layer comprises a second para-electric material, and wherein the first para-electric material is different from the second para-electric material. 35. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the first and second para-electric materials include one or more of: Hf, Zr, Ti, Si, Sc, Al, Zn, Sn, La, nitride, or silicate. 36. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the first and second para-electric materials include one or more of: HfO2, ZrO2, TiO2, SiO2, ScO2, Al2O3, ZnO, Sn2O3, La2O3, nitride, or silicate. 37. The apparatus of claim 34, or according to claim 9 or 11, wherein the second layer has a thickness which is substantially same as thickness of third layer. 38. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the second layer has a thickness which is substantially different than thickness of third layer. 39. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the alternate layers together exhibit ferroelectric properties. 40. An apparatus comprising:
a first layer comprising a metal; a second layer comprising a semiconductor; and alternate layers of a first and second para-electric materials, wherein one of the layers of the alternate layers is adjacent to the first layer, wherein one of the layers of the alternate layers is adjacent to the second layer, and wherein the first and second para-electric materials are different. 41. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the first and second para-electric materials include one or more of: Hf, Zr, Ti, Si, Sc, Al, Zn, Sn, La, nitride, or silicate. 42. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the first and second para-electric materials include one or more of: HfO2, ZrO2, TiO2, SiO2, ScO2, Al2O3, ZnO, Sn2O3, La2O3, nitride, or silicate. 43. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the metal of the first layer includes one or more of: Cu, Al, Au, Ag, W, Co, or Graphene. 44. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the alternate layers together exhibit ferroelectric properties. 45. A system comprising: a memory; a processor coupled to the memory, the processor comprises:
a first layer comprising a metal; a second layer comprising a first para-electric material, the second layer adjacent to the first layer; a third layer comprising a second para-electric material, the third layer adjacent to the second layer, wherein the first para-electric material is different from the second para-electric material; and a wireless interface to allow the processor to communicate with another device. 46. The system of claim 45, wherein the metal of the first layer includes one or more of: Cu, Al, Au, Ag, W, Co, or Graphene. | Described is an apparatus which comprises: a first layer comprising a metal; a second layer comprising a first para-electric material, the second layer adjacent to the first layer; and a third layer comprising a second para-electric material, the third layer adjacent to the second layer, wherein the first para-electric material is different from the second para-electric material.1-25. (canceled) 26. An apparatus comprising:
a first layer comprising a metal; a second layer comprising a first para-electric material, the second layer adjacent to the first layer; and a third layer comprising a second para-electric material, the third layer adjacent to the second layer, wherein the first para-electric material is different from the second para-electric material. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the metal of the first layer includes one or more of: Cu, Al, Au, Ag, W, Co, or Graphene. 28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the first and second para-electric materials include one or more of: Hf, Zr, Ti, Si, Sc, Al, Zn, Sn, La, nitride, or silicate. 29. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the second and third layers are alternated at least two times. 30. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the second and third layers together exhibit a ferroelectric property. 31. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the second layer has a thickness which is substantially same as a thickness of third layer. 32. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the second layer has a thickness which is substantially different than a thickness of third layer. 33. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the first and second para-electric materials include one or more of: HfO2, ZrO2, TiO2, SiO2, ScO2, Al2O3, ZnO, Sn2O3, La2O3, nitride, or silicate. 34. An apparatus comprising:
a first set of metal lines that extend in a first direction; a second set of metal lines that extend in a second direction which is orthogonal to the first direction; and a plurality of vias coupling the first set of metal lines and the second set of metal lines, wherein at least one via of the plurality comprises:
alternate layers of first and second layers, wherein the first layer comprises a first para-electric material, the first layer adjacent to the first layer, wherein the second layer comprises a second para-electric material, and wherein the first para-electric material is different from the second para-electric material. 35. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the first and second para-electric materials include one or more of: Hf, Zr, Ti, Si, Sc, Al, Zn, Sn, La, nitride, or silicate. 36. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the first and second para-electric materials include one or more of: HfO2, ZrO2, TiO2, SiO2, ScO2, Al2O3, ZnO, Sn2O3, La2O3, nitride, or silicate. 37. The apparatus of claim 34, or according to claim 9 or 11, wherein the second layer has a thickness which is substantially same as thickness of third layer. 38. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the second layer has a thickness which is substantially different than thickness of third layer. 39. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the alternate layers together exhibit ferroelectric properties. 40. An apparatus comprising:
a first layer comprising a metal; a second layer comprising a semiconductor; and alternate layers of a first and second para-electric materials, wherein one of the layers of the alternate layers is adjacent to the first layer, wherein one of the layers of the alternate layers is adjacent to the second layer, and wherein the first and second para-electric materials are different. 41. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the first and second para-electric materials include one or more of: Hf, Zr, Ti, Si, Sc, Al, Zn, Sn, La, nitride, or silicate. 42. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the first and second para-electric materials include one or more of: HfO2, ZrO2, TiO2, SiO2, ScO2, Al2O3, ZnO, Sn2O3, La2O3, nitride, or silicate. 43. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the metal of the first layer includes one or more of: Cu, Al, Au, Ag, W, Co, or Graphene. 44. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the alternate layers together exhibit ferroelectric properties. 45. A system comprising: a memory; a processor coupled to the memory, the processor comprises:
a first layer comprising a metal; a second layer comprising a first para-electric material, the second layer adjacent to the first layer; a third layer comprising a second para-electric material, the third layer adjacent to the second layer, wherein the first para-electric material is different from the second para-electric material; and a wireless interface to allow the processor to communicate with another device. 46. The system of claim 45, wherein the metal of the first layer includes one or more of: Cu, Al, Au, Ag, W, Co, or Graphene. | 2,400 |
340,880 | 16,801,164 | 2,498 | The present invention provides a memory device. The memory device comprises a plurality of word lines; and at least one memory unit comprising a plurality of memory cell groups; at least one bit line; a plurality of local bit lines; a column word line elongated along the second direction; and a plurality of column switches, each of the column switches configured to control conduction between the at least one bit line and one of the local bit lines; wherein a plurality of the memory units are arranged along the first direction, a number of the memory units form a memory block, and the column word lines of the memory units are grouped to control the column switches of corresponding memory blocks respectively. | 1. A memory device, comprising:
a plurality of word lines elongated along a first direction; and at least one memory unit comprising:
a plurality of memory cell groups arranged along a second direction different from the first direction, each of the memory cell groups comprising a plurality of memory cells;
at least one bit line elongated along the second direction, and configured to transmit data of a selected memory cell;
a plurality of local bit lines, elongated along the second direction, wherein a memory cell group is coupled to a local bit line;
a column word line elongated along the second direction;
a plurality of row word lines elongated along the first direction;
a plurality of column switches arranged along the second direction, each of the column switches having a control terminal coupled to the column word line, a first terminal, and a second terminal, each of the column switches configured to control conduction between the first terminal and the second terminal according to signals received from the control terminal; and
a plurality of row switches arranged along the second direction, each of the row switches having a control terminal coupled to a row word line, a first terminal, and a second terminal, each of the row switches configured to control conduction between the first terminal and the second terminal according to signals received from the control terminal;
wherein one of the column switches and one of the row switches are electrically coupled in series between the at least one bit line and one of the local bit line. 2. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the selected memory cell is selected by a corresponding word line, the at least one column word line and a corresponding row word line. 3. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of column switches and the plurality of row switches are transistors. 4. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory device comprises a plurality of the memory units arranged along the first direction, a predetermined number of the memory units form a memory block, and the column word lines of the memory units are grouped to control the column switches of corresponding memory blocks respectively. 5. The memory device of claim 1, wherein in the at least one memory unit, the plurality of memory cell groups arranged along the second direction are electrically isolated from each other by the plurality of row switches. 6. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory device comprises a plurality memory blocks arranged along the first direction, each memory block comprises a plurality of memory units arranged along the first direction, the plurality memory blocks receive a plurality of column word line signals, respectively, and column switches within a first memory block are controlled by a first column word line signal among the plurality of column word line signals. 7. The memory device of claim 6, wherein a plurality of second memory units within a second memory block and a plurality of third memory units within a third memory block are disposed in an interleaved manner. 8. A memory device, comprising:
a plurality of word lines elongated along a first direction; and at least one memory unit comprising:
a plurality of memory cell groups arranged along a second direction different from the first direction, each of the memory cell groups comprising a plurality of memory cells;
at least one bit line elongated along the second direction, and configured to transmit data of a selected memory cell;
a plurality of local bit lines, elongated along the second direction, wherein a memory cell group is coupled to a local bit line;
a column word line elongated along the second direction; and
a plurality of column switches arranged along the second direction, each of the column switches having a control terminal coupled to the column word line, a first terminal coupled to one of the local bit lines, and a second terminal coupled to the at least one bit line, each of the column switches configured to control conduction between the at least one bit line and one of the local bit lines;
wherein a plurality of the memory units are arranged along the first direction, a number of the memory units form a memory block, and the column word lines of the memory units are grouped to control the column switches of corresponding memory blocks respectively. 9. The memory device of claim 8, wherein the selected memory cell is selected by a corresponding word line, the at least one column word line and a corresponding row word line. 10. The memory device of claim 8, wherein the plurality of column switches and the plurality of row switches are transistors. 11. The memory device of claim 8, wherein the at least one memory unit further comprises:
a plurality of row word lines elongated along the first direction; and a plurality of row switches arranged along the second direction, each of the row switches having a control terminal coupled to a corresponding row word line; wherein each of the row switches and a corresponding column switch are coupled between one of the memory cell groups and the at least one bit line in series; wherein in the at least one memory unit, the plurality of memory cell groups arranged along the second direction are electrically isolated from each other by the plurality of row switches. 12. The memory device of claim 8, wherein the memory device comprises a plurality memory blocks arranged along the first direction, each memory block comprises a plurality of memory units arranged along the first direction, the plurality memory blocks receive a plurality of column word line signals, respectively, and column switches within a first memory block are controlled by a first column word line signal among the plurality of column word line signals. 13. The memory device of claim 8, wherein a plurality of second memory units within a second memory block and a plurality of third memory units within a third memory block are disposed in an interleaved manner. 14. A memory device, comprising:
a plurality of word lines elongated along a first direction; and at least one memory unit comprising:
a plurality of memory cell groups arranged along a second direction different from the first direction, each of the memory cell groups comprising a plurality of memory cells;
at least one bit line elongated along the second direction, and configured to transmit data of a selected memory cell;
a plurality of local bit lines, elongated along the second direction, wherein a memory cell group is coupled to a local bit line;
a column word line elongated along the second direction; and
a plurality of row word lines elongated along the first direction;
wherein the selected memory cell is selected by a corresponding word line, the column word line and a corresponding row word line. 15. The memory device of claim 14, wherein the memory device comprises a plurality memory blocks arranged along the first direction, each memory block comprises a plurality of memory units arranged along the first direction, the plurality memory blocks receive a plurality of column word line signals, respectively, and column switches within a first memory block are controlled by a first column word line signal among the plurality of column word line signals. 16. The memory device of claim 14, wherein a plurality of second memory units within a second memory block and a plurality of third memory units within a third memory block are disposed in an interleaved manner. | The present invention provides a memory device. The memory device comprises a plurality of word lines; and at least one memory unit comprising a plurality of memory cell groups; at least one bit line; a plurality of local bit lines; a column word line elongated along the second direction; and a plurality of column switches, each of the column switches configured to control conduction between the at least one bit line and one of the local bit lines; wherein a plurality of the memory units are arranged along the first direction, a number of the memory units form a memory block, and the column word lines of the memory units are grouped to control the column switches of corresponding memory blocks respectively.1. A memory device, comprising:
a plurality of word lines elongated along a first direction; and at least one memory unit comprising:
a plurality of memory cell groups arranged along a second direction different from the first direction, each of the memory cell groups comprising a plurality of memory cells;
at least one bit line elongated along the second direction, and configured to transmit data of a selected memory cell;
a plurality of local bit lines, elongated along the second direction, wherein a memory cell group is coupled to a local bit line;
a column word line elongated along the second direction;
a plurality of row word lines elongated along the first direction;
a plurality of column switches arranged along the second direction, each of the column switches having a control terminal coupled to the column word line, a first terminal, and a second terminal, each of the column switches configured to control conduction between the first terminal and the second terminal according to signals received from the control terminal; and
a plurality of row switches arranged along the second direction, each of the row switches having a control terminal coupled to a row word line, a first terminal, and a second terminal, each of the row switches configured to control conduction between the first terminal and the second terminal according to signals received from the control terminal;
wherein one of the column switches and one of the row switches are electrically coupled in series between the at least one bit line and one of the local bit line. 2. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the selected memory cell is selected by a corresponding word line, the at least one column word line and a corresponding row word line. 3. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of column switches and the plurality of row switches are transistors. 4. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory device comprises a plurality of the memory units arranged along the first direction, a predetermined number of the memory units form a memory block, and the column word lines of the memory units are grouped to control the column switches of corresponding memory blocks respectively. 5. The memory device of claim 1, wherein in the at least one memory unit, the plurality of memory cell groups arranged along the second direction are electrically isolated from each other by the plurality of row switches. 6. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory device comprises a plurality memory blocks arranged along the first direction, each memory block comprises a plurality of memory units arranged along the first direction, the plurality memory blocks receive a plurality of column word line signals, respectively, and column switches within a first memory block are controlled by a first column word line signal among the plurality of column word line signals. 7. The memory device of claim 6, wherein a plurality of second memory units within a second memory block and a plurality of third memory units within a third memory block are disposed in an interleaved manner. 8. A memory device, comprising:
a plurality of word lines elongated along a first direction; and at least one memory unit comprising:
a plurality of memory cell groups arranged along a second direction different from the first direction, each of the memory cell groups comprising a plurality of memory cells;
at least one bit line elongated along the second direction, and configured to transmit data of a selected memory cell;
a plurality of local bit lines, elongated along the second direction, wherein a memory cell group is coupled to a local bit line;
a column word line elongated along the second direction; and
a plurality of column switches arranged along the second direction, each of the column switches having a control terminal coupled to the column word line, a first terminal coupled to one of the local bit lines, and a second terminal coupled to the at least one bit line, each of the column switches configured to control conduction between the at least one bit line and one of the local bit lines;
wherein a plurality of the memory units are arranged along the first direction, a number of the memory units form a memory block, and the column word lines of the memory units are grouped to control the column switches of corresponding memory blocks respectively. 9. The memory device of claim 8, wherein the selected memory cell is selected by a corresponding word line, the at least one column word line and a corresponding row word line. 10. The memory device of claim 8, wherein the plurality of column switches and the plurality of row switches are transistors. 11. The memory device of claim 8, wherein the at least one memory unit further comprises:
a plurality of row word lines elongated along the first direction; and a plurality of row switches arranged along the second direction, each of the row switches having a control terminal coupled to a corresponding row word line; wherein each of the row switches and a corresponding column switch are coupled between one of the memory cell groups and the at least one bit line in series; wherein in the at least one memory unit, the plurality of memory cell groups arranged along the second direction are electrically isolated from each other by the plurality of row switches. 12. The memory device of claim 8, wherein the memory device comprises a plurality memory blocks arranged along the first direction, each memory block comprises a plurality of memory units arranged along the first direction, the plurality memory blocks receive a plurality of column word line signals, respectively, and column switches within a first memory block are controlled by a first column word line signal among the plurality of column word line signals. 13. The memory device of claim 8, wherein a plurality of second memory units within a second memory block and a plurality of third memory units within a third memory block are disposed in an interleaved manner. 14. A memory device, comprising:
a plurality of word lines elongated along a first direction; and at least one memory unit comprising:
a plurality of memory cell groups arranged along a second direction different from the first direction, each of the memory cell groups comprising a plurality of memory cells;
at least one bit line elongated along the second direction, and configured to transmit data of a selected memory cell;
a plurality of local bit lines, elongated along the second direction, wherein a memory cell group is coupled to a local bit line;
a column word line elongated along the second direction; and
a plurality of row word lines elongated along the first direction;
wherein the selected memory cell is selected by a corresponding word line, the column word line and a corresponding row word line. 15. The memory device of claim 14, wherein the memory device comprises a plurality memory blocks arranged along the first direction, each memory block comprises a plurality of memory units arranged along the first direction, the plurality memory blocks receive a plurality of column word line signals, respectively, and column switches within a first memory block are controlled by a first column word line signal among the plurality of column word line signals. 16. The memory device of claim 14, wherein a plurality of second memory units within a second memory block and a plurality of third memory units within a third memory block are disposed in an interleaved manner. | 2,400 |
340,881 | 16,801,153 | 2,498 | The present invention is a computer implemented method comprising, accessing a model of a building; determining a set of properties associated with floor joist members; detecting a set of floor joists based on the set of properties associated with floor joist members, wherein the floor joists are comprised of members; analyzing each of the members and determining a set of actual properties of each of the members; comparing if the set of actual properties of the members are within a predetermined value of a set of required properties for each of the members, wherein if the set of actual properties is outside the set of required properties predetermined value; and generating a list of all conflicting members. | 1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model of a building; determining, by at least one processor, a set of properties associated with floor joist members; detecting, by at least one processor, a set of floor joists based on the set of properties associated with floor joist members, wherein the floor joists are comprised of members;
analyzing, by at least one processor, each of the members and determining a set of actual properties of each of the members;
comparing, by at least one processor, if the set of actual properties of the members are within a predetermined value of a set of required properties for each of the members, wherein if the set of actual properties is outside the set of required properties predetermined value; and generating, by at least one processor, a list of all conflicting members. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein each member is analyzed for spatial positioning. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, extracting, by at least one processor, all non-floor joist members from the model. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, features of the members. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 4, wherein the features of the floor joist members are apertures and cutouts. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, modifying, by at least one processor, the conflicting member's properties to within the predetermined values. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein a floor joist has a predetermined arrangement of members specific to floor joists. 8. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising:
accessing a model of a building;
determining a set of properties associated with floor joist members;
detecting a set of floor joists based on the set of properties associated with floor joist members, wherein the floor joists are comprised of members;
analyzing each of the members and determining a set of actual properties of each of the members;
comparing if the set of actual properties of the members are within a predetermined value of a set of required properties for each of the members, wherein if the set of actual properties is outside the set of required properties predetermined value; and
generating a list of all conflicting members. 9. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein each member is analyzed for spatial positioning. 10. The computer program product of claim 8, further comprising, extracting, by at least one processor, all non-floor joist members from the model. 11. The computer program product of claim 8, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, features of the members. 12. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the features of the floor joist members are apertures and cutouts. 13. The computer program product claim 8, further comprising, modifying, by at least one processor, the conflicting member's properties to within the predetermined values. 14. The computer implemented method of claim 8, wherein a floor joist has a predetermined arrangement of members specific to floor joists. 15. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising:
accessing a model of a building;
determining a set of properties associated with floor joist members;
detecting a set of floor joists based on the set of properties associated with floor joist members, wherein the floor joists are comprised of members;
analyzing each of the members and determining a set of actual properties of each of the members;
comparing if the set of actual properties of the members are within a predetermined value of a set of required properties for each of the members, wherein if the set of actual properties is outside the set of required properties predetermined value; and
generating a list of all conflicting members. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein each member is analyzed for spatial positioning. 17. The system of claim 15, further comprising, extracting all non-floor joist members from the model. 18. The system of claim 15, further comprising, identifying features of the members. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the features of the floor joist members are apertures and cutouts. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein a floor joist has a predetermined arrangement of members specific to floor joists. | The present invention is a computer implemented method comprising, accessing a model of a building; determining a set of properties associated with floor joist members; detecting a set of floor joists based on the set of properties associated with floor joist members, wherein the floor joists are comprised of members; analyzing each of the members and determining a set of actual properties of each of the members; comparing if the set of actual properties of the members are within a predetermined value of a set of required properties for each of the members, wherein if the set of actual properties is outside the set of required properties predetermined value; and generating a list of all conflicting members.1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model of a building; determining, by at least one processor, a set of properties associated with floor joist members; detecting, by at least one processor, a set of floor joists based on the set of properties associated with floor joist members, wherein the floor joists are comprised of members;
analyzing, by at least one processor, each of the members and determining a set of actual properties of each of the members;
comparing, by at least one processor, if the set of actual properties of the members are within a predetermined value of a set of required properties for each of the members, wherein if the set of actual properties is outside the set of required properties predetermined value; and generating, by at least one processor, a list of all conflicting members. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein each member is analyzed for spatial positioning. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, extracting, by at least one processor, all non-floor joist members from the model. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, features of the members. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 4, wherein the features of the floor joist members are apertures and cutouts. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, modifying, by at least one processor, the conflicting member's properties to within the predetermined values. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein a floor joist has a predetermined arrangement of members specific to floor joists. 8. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising:
accessing a model of a building;
determining a set of properties associated with floor joist members;
detecting a set of floor joists based on the set of properties associated with floor joist members, wherein the floor joists are comprised of members;
analyzing each of the members and determining a set of actual properties of each of the members;
comparing if the set of actual properties of the members are within a predetermined value of a set of required properties for each of the members, wherein if the set of actual properties is outside the set of required properties predetermined value; and
generating a list of all conflicting members. 9. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein each member is analyzed for spatial positioning. 10. The computer program product of claim 8, further comprising, extracting, by at least one processor, all non-floor joist members from the model. 11. The computer program product of claim 8, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, features of the members. 12. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the features of the floor joist members are apertures and cutouts. 13. The computer program product claim 8, further comprising, modifying, by at least one processor, the conflicting member's properties to within the predetermined values. 14. The computer implemented method of claim 8, wherein a floor joist has a predetermined arrangement of members specific to floor joists. 15. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising:
accessing a model of a building;
determining a set of properties associated with floor joist members;
detecting a set of floor joists based on the set of properties associated with floor joist members, wherein the floor joists are comprised of members;
analyzing each of the members and determining a set of actual properties of each of the members;
comparing if the set of actual properties of the members are within a predetermined value of a set of required properties for each of the members, wherein if the set of actual properties is outside the set of required properties predetermined value; and
generating a list of all conflicting members. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein each member is analyzed for spatial positioning. 17. The system of claim 15, further comprising, extracting all non-floor joist members from the model. 18. The system of claim 15, further comprising, identifying features of the members. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the features of the floor joist members are apertures and cutouts. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein a floor joist has a predetermined arrangement of members specific to floor joists. | 2,400 |
340,882 | 16,642,301 | 2,498 | Provided are a method and base station for avoiding inter-cell interference. The method includes: determining a target time period when inter-cell interference may occur; adjusting a time-frequency resource range allocated individually by base stations based on a target band width part (BWP) to target user equipment (LIE) in the target time period to determine a reallocated time-frequency resource range, the base stations including a first base station and a second base station involved in the inter-cell interference, the second base station being adjacent to the first base station; determining target scheduling-configuration information for avoiding the inter-cell interference according to the reallocated time-frequency resource range; and scheduling first target UE on the target BWP according to the target scheduling-configuration information. With the method for avoiding inter-cell interference, the inter-cell interference can be effectively reduced or eliminated, and user experience of a 5G network device can be improved. | 1. A method for avoiding inter-cell interference, applied to a first base station, the method comprising:
determining a target time period when inter-cell interference may occur; adjusting a time-frequency resource range allocated individually by base stations based on a target band width part (BWP) to target user equipment (UE) in the target time period to determine a reallocated time-frequency resource range, wherein the base stations comprise the first base station and a second base station involved in the inter-cell interference, and the second base station is adjacent to the first base station; determining target scheduling-configuration information for avoiding the inter-cell interference according to the reallocated time-frequency resource range; and scheduling first target UE on the target BWP according to the target scheduling-configuration information. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the target time period when the inter-cell interference may occur comprises:
acquiring uplink-to-downlink time-domain resource ratio information of the second base station in a Time Division Duplexing (TDD) mode; and determining the target time period when the inter-cell interference may occur according to uplink-to-downlink time-domain resource ratio information of the first base station and the uplink-to-downlink time-domain resource ratio information of the second base station in the TDD mode. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein adjusting the time-frequency resource range allocated individually by the base stations based on the target BWP to the target UE in the target time period to determine the reallocated time-frequency resource range comprises:
determining first planned scheduling-configuration information of the first base station, wherein the first planned scheduling-configuration information comprises a first time-frequency resource range planned to be allocated to the first target UE by the first base station on the target BWP in the target time period; acquiring second planned scheduling-configuration information of the second base station, wherein the second planned scheduling-configuration information comprises a second time-frequency resource range planned to be allocated to second target UE by the second base station on the target BWP in the target time period; determining whether the inter-cell interference is about to occur in the target time period or not according to the first planned scheduling-configuration information and the second planned scheduling-configuration information; and under a circumstance that the inter-cell interference is about to occur, adjusting the time-frequency resource range allocated individually by the base stations on the target BWP to the corresponding target UE to determine the reallocated time-frequency resource range. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first time-frequency resource range comprises a first frequency resource range and a first time-domain resource range, the second time-frequency resource range comprises a second frequency resource range and a second time-domain resource range, and
determining whether the inter-cell interference is about to occur in the target time period or not according to the first planned scheduling-configuration information and the second planned scheduling-configuration information comprises any one of: in a case that the first frequency resource range allocated to the first target UE by the first base station on the target BWP partially overlaps the second frequency resource range allocated to the second target UE by the second base station on the target BWP, determining that the inter-cell interference is about to occur in the target time period; and in a case that the first time-domain resource range t1 allocated to the first target UE by the first base station in a preset frequency range of the target BWP and the second time-domain resource range t2 allocated to the second UE by the second base station in the same frequency range of the target BWP meet t1+t2>T, wherein T is a time length of the target time period, determining that the inter-cell interference is about to occur in the target time period. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein adjusting the time-frequency resource range allocated individually by the base stations on the target BWP to the corresponding target UE comprises:
determining a reference time-frequency range based on the first planned scheduling-configuration information; generating first adjustment instruction information according to the reference time-frequency range; and sending the first adjustment instruction information to the second base station to enable the second base station to perform time-frequency range adjustment based on the reference time-frequency range. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the reference time-frequency range based on the first planned scheduling-configuration information comprises one of:
adjusting the first time-frequency resource range to obtain a first reallocated time-frequency resource range and determining the first reallocated time-frequency resource range as the reference time-frequency range; or determining the first time-frequency resource range as the reference time-frequency range. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein adjusting the time-frequency resource range allocated individually by the base stations on the target BWP to the corresponding target UE comprises:
receiving second adjustment instruction information from the second base station; and adjusting the time-frequency resource range allocated to the first target UE according to the second adjustment instruction information and based on a reference time-frequency range determined by the second base station. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the reference time-frequency range determined by the second base station comprises:
the second time-frequency resource range; or, a second reallocated time-frequency resource range determined after the second base station adjusts the second time-frequency resource range. 9. The method of claim 3, wherein adjusting the time-frequency resource range allocated individually by the base stations on the target BWP to the corresponding target UE comprises:
adjusting the first time-frequency resource range according to a preset adjustment manner to obtain the reallocated time-frequency resource range. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the target scheduling-configuration information for avoiding the inter-cell interference according to the reallocated time-frequency resource range comprises:
sending the reallocated time-frequency resource range, determined through a time-frequency resource adjustment by the first base station, to the second base station; receiving preset feedback information from the second base station, wherein the preset feedback information indicates whether the second base station supports the reallocated time-frequency resource range determined by the first base station or not; and determining the target scheduling-configuration information according to the reallocated time-frequency resource range, in a case that the preset feedback information indicates that the second base station supports the reallocated time-frequency resource range determined by the first base station. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the target scheduling-configuration information comprises reallocated time-frequency resource ranges corresponding to different time ranges in the target time period and determined according to different adjustment manners, and the different adjustment manners comprise a frequency adjustment manner and a time-domain adjustment manner. 12. A first base station comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing an instruction executable by the processor; wherein the processor is configured to: determine a target time period when inter-cell interference may occur; adjust a time-frequency resource range allocated individually by base stations based on a target band width part (BWP) to target user equipment (UE) in the target time period to determine a reallocated time-frequency resource range, wherein the base stations comprise the first base station and a second base station involved in the inter-cell interference, and the second base station is adjacent to the first base station; determine target scheduling-configuration information for avoiding the inter-cell interference according to the reallocated time-frequency resource range; and schedule first target UE on the target BWP according to the target scheduling-configuration information. 13. The first base station of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
acquire uplink-to-downlink time-domain resource ratio information of the second base station in a Time Division Duplexing (TDD) mode; and determine the target time period when the inter-cell interference may occur according to uplink-to-downlink time-domain resource ratio information of the first base station and the uplink-to-downlink time-domain resource ratio information of the second base station in the TDD mode. 14. The first base station of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine first planned scheduling-configuration information of the first base station, wherein the first planned scheduling-configuration information comprises a first time-frequency resource range planned to be allocated to the first target UE by the first base station on the target BWP in the target time period; acquire second planned scheduling-configuration information of the second base station, wherein the second planned scheduling-configuration information comprises a second time-frequency resource range planned to be allocated to second target UE by the second base station on the target BWP in the target time period; determine whether the inter-cell interference is about to occur in the target time period or not according to the first planned scheduling-configuration information and the second planned scheduling-configuration information; and under a circumstance that the inter-cell interference is about to occur, adjust the time-frequency resource range allocated individually by the base stations on the target BWP to the corresponding target UE to determine the reallocated time-frequency resource range. 15. The first base station of claim 14, wherein the first time-frequency resource range comprises a first frequency resource range and a first time-domain resource range, the second time-frequency resource range comprises a second frequency resource range and a second time-domain resource range, and
the processor is further configured to:
determine that the inter-cell interference is about to occur in the target time period, in a case that the first frequency resource range allocated to the first target UE by the first base station on the target BWP partially overlaps the second frequency resource range allocated to the second target UE by the second base station on the target BWP; and
determine that the inter-cell interference is about to occur in the target time period, in a case that the first time-domain resource range t1 allocated to the first target UE by the first base station in a preset frequency range of the target BWP and the second time-domain resource range t2 allocated to the second UE by the second base station in the same frequency range of the target BWP meet t1+t2>T, wherein T is a time length of the target time period. 16. The first base station of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a reference time-frequency range based on the first planned scheduling-configuration information; generate first adjustment instruction information according to the reference time-frequency range; and send the first adjustment instruction information to the second base station to enable the second base station to perform time-frequency range adjustment based on the reference time-frequency range. 17. The first base station of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to perform one of:
adjusting the first time-frequency resource range to obtain a first reallocated time-frequency resource range and determining the first reallocated time-frequency resource range as the reference time-frequency range; or determining the first time-frequency resource range as the reference time-frequency range. 18. The first base station of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive second adjustment instruction information from the second base station; and adjust, according to the second adjustment instruction information and based on a reference time-frequency range determined by the second base station, the time-frequency resource range allocated to the first target UE. 19. (canceled) 20. The first base station of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to adjust the first time-frequency resource range according to a preset adjustment manner to obtain the reallocated time-frequency resource range. 21. The first base station of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
send the reallocated time-frequency resource range, determined through a time-frequency resource adjustment by the first base station, to the second base station; receive preset feedback information from the second base station, wherein the preset feedback information indicates whether the second base station supports the reallocated time-frequency resource range determined by the first base station or not; and in a case that the preset feedback information indicates that the second base station supports the reallocated time-frequency resource range determined by the first base station, determine the target scheduling-configuration information according to the reallocated time-frequency resource range. 22.-24. (canceled) | Provided are a method and base station for avoiding inter-cell interference. The method includes: determining a target time period when inter-cell interference may occur; adjusting a time-frequency resource range allocated individually by base stations based on a target band width part (BWP) to target user equipment (LIE) in the target time period to determine a reallocated time-frequency resource range, the base stations including a first base station and a second base station involved in the inter-cell interference, the second base station being adjacent to the first base station; determining target scheduling-configuration information for avoiding the inter-cell interference according to the reallocated time-frequency resource range; and scheduling first target UE on the target BWP according to the target scheduling-configuration information. With the method for avoiding inter-cell interference, the inter-cell interference can be effectively reduced or eliminated, and user experience of a 5G network device can be improved.1. A method for avoiding inter-cell interference, applied to a first base station, the method comprising:
determining a target time period when inter-cell interference may occur; adjusting a time-frequency resource range allocated individually by base stations based on a target band width part (BWP) to target user equipment (UE) in the target time period to determine a reallocated time-frequency resource range, wherein the base stations comprise the first base station and a second base station involved in the inter-cell interference, and the second base station is adjacent to the first base station; determining target scheduling-configuration information for avoiding the inter-cell interference according to the reallocated time-frequency resource range; and scheduling first target UE on the target BWP according to the target scheduling-configuration information. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the target time period when the inter-cell interference may occur comprises:
acquiring uplink-to-downlink time-domain resource ratio information of the second base station in a Time Division Duplexing (TDD) mode; and determining the target time period when the inter-cell interference may occur according to uplink-to-downlink time-domain resource ratio information of the first base station and the uplink-to-downlink time-domain resource ratio information of the second base station in the TDD mode. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein adjusting the time-frequency resource range allocated individually by the base stations based on the target BWP to the target UE in the target time period to determine the reallocated time-frequency resource range comprises:
determining first planned scheduling-configuration information of the first base station, wherein the first planned scheduling-configuration information comprises a first time-frequency resource range planned to be allocated to the first target UE by the first base station on the target BWP in the target time period; acquiring second planned scheduling-configuration information of the second base station, wherein the second planned scheduling-configuration information comprises a second time-frequency resource range planned to be allocated to second target UE by the second base station on the target BWP in the target time period; determining whether the inter-cell interference is about to occur in the target time period or not according to the first planned scheduling-configuration information and the second planned scheduling-configuration information; and under a circumstance that the inter-cell interference is about to occur, adjusting the time-frequency resource range allocated individually by the base stations on the target BWP to the corresponding target UE to determine the reallocated time-frequency resource range. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first time-frequency resource range comprises a first frequency resource range and a first time-domain resource range, the second time-frequency resource range comprises a second frequency resource range and a second time-domain resource range, and
determining whether the inter-cell interference is about to occur in the target time period or not according to the first planned scheduling-configuration information and the second planned scheduling-configuration information comprises any one of: in a case that the first frequency resource range allocated to the first target UE by the first base station on the target BWP partially overlaps the second frequency resource range allocated to the second target UE by the second base station on the target BWP, determining that the inter-cell interference is about to occur in the target time period; and in a case that the first time-domain resource range t1 allocated to the first target UE by the first base station in a preset frequency range of the target BWP and the second time-domain resource range t2 allocated to the second UE by the second base station in the same frequency range of the target BWP meet t1+t2>T, wherein T is a time length of the target time period, determining that the inter-cell interference is about to occur in the target time period. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein adjusting the time-frequency resource range allocated individually by the base stations on the target BWP to the corresponding target UE comprises:
determining a reference time-frequency range based on the first planned scheduling-configuration information; generating first adjustment instruction information according to the reference time-frequency range; and sending the first adjustment instruction information to the second base station to enable the second base station to perform time-frequency range adjustment based on the reference time-frequency range. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the reference time-frequency range based on the first planned scheduling-configuration information comprises one of:
adjusting the first time-frequency resource range to obtain a first reallocated time-frequency resource range and determining the first reallocated time-frequency resource range as the reference time-frequency range; or determining the first time-frequency resource range as the reference time-frequency range. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein adjusting the time-frequency resource range allocated individually by the base stations on the target BWP to the corresponding target UE comprises:
receiving second adjustment instruction information from the second base station; and adjusting the time-frequency resource range allocated to the first target UE according to the second adjustment instruction information and based on a reference time-frequency range determined by the second base station. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the reference time-frequency range determined by the second base station comprises:
the second time-frequency resource range; or, a second reallocated time-frequency resource range determined after the second base station adjusts the second time-frequency resource range. 9. The method of claim 3, wherein adjusting the time-frequency resource range allocated individually by the base stations on the target BWP to the corresponding target UE comprises:
adjusting the first time-frequency resource range according to a preset adjustment manner to obtain the reallocated time-frequency resource range. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the target scheduling-configuration information for avoiding the inter-cell interference according to the reallocated time-frequency resource range comprises:
sending the reallocated time-frequency resource range, determined through a time-frequency resource adjustment by the first base station, to the second base station; receiving preset feedback information from the second base station, wherein the preset feedback information indicates whether the second base station supports the reallocated time-frequency resource range determined by the first base station or not; and determining the target scheduling-configuration information according to the reallocated time-frequency resource range, in a case that the preset feedback information indicates that the second base station supports the reallocated time-frequency resource range determined by the first base station. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the target scheduling-configuration information comprises reallocated time-frequency resource ranges corresponding to different time ranges in the target time period and determined according to different adjustment manners, and the different adjustment manners comprise a frequency adjustment manner and a time-domain adjustment manner. 12. A first base station comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing an instruction executable by the processor; wherein the processor is configured to: determine a target time period when inter-cell interference may occur; adjust a time-frequency resource range allocated individually by base stations based on a target band width part (BWP) to target user equipment (UE) in the target time period to determine a reallocated time-frequency resource range, wherein the base stations comprise the first base station and a second base station involved in the inter-cell interference, and the second base station is adjacent to the first base station; determine target scheduling-configuration information for avoiding the inter-cell interference according to the reallocated time-frequency resource range; and schedule first target UE on the target BWP according to the target scheduling-configuration information. 13. The first base station of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
acquire uplink-to-downlink time-domain resource ratio information of the second base station in a Time Division Duplexing (TDD) mode; and determine the target time period when the inter-cell interference may occur according to uplink-to-downlink time-domain resource ratio information of the first base station and the uplink-to-downlink time-domain resource ratio information of the second base station in the TDD mode. 14. The first base station of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine first planned scheduling-configuration information of the first base station, wherein the first planned scheduling-configuration information comprises a first time-frequency resource range planned to be allocated to the first target UE by the first base station on the target BWP in the target time period; acquire second planned scheduling-configuration information of the second base station, wherein the second planned scheduling-configuration information comprises a second time-frequency resource range planned to be allocated to second target UE by the second base station on the target BWP in the target time period; determine whether the inter-cell interference is about to occur in the target time period or not according to the first planned scheduling-configuration information and the second planned scheduling-configuration information; and under a circumstance that the inter-cell interference is about to occur, adjust the time-frequency resource range allocated individually by the base stations on the target BWP to the corresponding target UE to determine the reallocated time-frequency resource range. 15. The first base station of claim 14, wherein the first time-frequency resource range comprises a first frequency resource range and a first time-domain resource range, the second time-frequency resource range comprises a second frequency resource range and a second time-domain resource range, and
the processor is further configured to:
determine that the inter-cell interference is about to occur in the target time period, in a case that the first frequency resource range allocated to the first target UE by the first base station on the target BWP partially overlaps the second frequency resource range allocated to the second target UE by the second base station on the target BWP; and
determine that the inter-cell interference is about to occur in the target time period, in a case that the first time-domain resource range t1 allocated to the first target UE by the first base station in a preset frequency range of the target BWP and the second time-domain resource range t2 allocated to the second UE by the second base station in the same frequency range of the target BWP meet t1+t2>T, wherein T is a time length of the target time period. 16. The first base station of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a reference time-frequency range based on the first planned scheduling-configuration information; generate first adjustment instruction information according to the reference time-frequency range; and send the first adjustment instruction information to the second base station to enable the second base station to perform time-frequency range adjustment based on the reference time-frequency range. 17. The first base station of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to perform one of:
adjusting the first time-frequency resource range to obtain a first reallocated time-frequency resource range and determining the first reallocated time-frequency resource range as the reference time-frequency range; or determining the first time-frequency resource range as the reference time-frequency range. 18. The first base station of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive second adjustment instruction information from the second base station; and adjust, according to the second adjustment instruction information and based on a reference time-frequency range determined by the second base station, the time-frequency resource range allocated to the first target UE. 19. (canceled) 20. The first base station of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to adjust the first time-frequency resource range according to a preset adjustment manner to obtain the reallocated time-frequency resource range. 21. The first base station of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
send the reallocated time-frequency resource range, determined through a time-frequency resource adjustment by the first base station, to the second base station; receive preset feedback information from the second base station, wherein the preset feedback information indicates whether the second base station supports the reallocated time-frequency resource range determined by the first base station or not; and in a case that the preset feedback information indicates that the second base station supports the reallocated time-frequency resource range determined by the first base station, determine the target scheduling-configuration information according to the reallocated time-frequency resource range. 22.-24. (canceled) | 2,400 |
340,883 | 16,801,157 | 2,872 | An optical imaging lens includes a first lens element to a seventh lens element from an object side to an image side in order along an optical axis, and each lens element has an object-side surface and an image-side surface. A periphery region of the image-side surface of the first lens element is concave, a periphery region of the object-side surface of the third lens element is concave, a periphery region of the object-side surface of the fourth lens element is concave, the fifth lens has negative refractive power, a periphery region of the object-side surface of the fifth lens element is concave, and an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element is concave. The optical imaging lens has only the above seven lens elements with refractive power, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the following conditions: (G45+T5+G56+T6+G67+T7)/(T1+G12+T2)≥3.200. | 1. An optical imaging lens, from an object side to an image side in order along an optical axis comprising: a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element, wherein the first lens element to the seventh lens element each has an object-side surface facing toward the object side to allow imaging rays to pass through as well as an image-side surface facing toward the image side to allow the imaging rays to pass through, wherein:
a periphery region of the image-side surface of the first lens element is concave; a periphery region of the object-side surface of the third lens element is concave; a periphery region of the object-side surface of the fourth lens element is concave; the fifth lens element has negative refracting power, and a periphery region of the object-side surface of the fifth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element is concave; the lens elements having refracting power included by the optical imaging lens are only the seven lens elements described above, wherein the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationships: 2. The optical imaging lens of claim 1, wherein TTL is the distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, AAG is a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: TTL/AAG≤3.200. 3. The optical imaging lens of claim 1, wherein EFL is an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens, BFL is a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, AAG is a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (EFL+BFL)/AAG≤3.000. 4. The optical imaging lens of claim 1, wherein TL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: TL/(T2+T4+T7)≥4.200. 5. The optical imaging lens of claim 1, wherein ALT is a sum of thicknesses of seven lens elements along the optical axis, T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, G23 is an air gap between the second lens element and the third lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: ALT/(T2+G23+T3)≤3.200. 6. The optical imaging lens of claim 1, wherein ALT is a sum of thicknesses of seven lens elements along the optical axis, BFL is a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, G34 is an air gap between the third lens element and the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (ALT+BFL)/(T3+G34+T4)≥4.000. 7. The optical imaging lens of claim 1, wherein EFL is an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens, AAG is a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (EFL+AAG)/(G45+G56+G67)≤5.100. 8. The optical imaging lens of claim 1, wherein TTL is the distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, G23 is an air gap between the second lens element and the third lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: TTL/(G12+G23+G45)≤7.000. 9. The optical imaging lens of claim 1, wherein T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (T4+T5+T6)/(T2+T3)≤3.000. 10. The optical imaging lens of claim 1, wherein T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, G34 is an air gap between the third lens element and the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (T3+G34+T4)/T1≤2.500. 11. An optical imaging lens, from an object side to an image side in order along an optical axis comprising: a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element, wherein the first lens element to the seventh lens element each has an object-side surface facing toward the object side to allow imaging rays to pass through as well as an image-side surface facing toward the image side to allow the imaging rays to pass through, wherein:
an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the first lens element is convex; a periphery region of the image-side surface of the second lens element is concave; a periphery region of the object-side surface of the third lens element is concave; a periphery region of the object-side surface of the fourth lens element is concave; the fifth lens element has negative refracting power, and a periphery region of the object-side surface of the fifth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element is concave; the lens elements having refracting power included by the optical imaging lens are only the seven lens elements described above, wherein the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationships: 12. The optical imaging lens of claim 11, wherein G23 is an air gap between the second lens element and the third lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (G23+G67)/(T2+T6)≥1.000. 13. The optical imaging lens of claim 11, wherein T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (T6+T7)/(T3+T4)≥1.000. 14. The optical imaging lens of claim 11, wherein TL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis, G23 is an air gap between the second lens element and the third lens element along the optical axis, G34 is an air gap between the third lens element and the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: TL/(G12+G23+G34)≥8.800. 15. The optical imaging lens of claim 11, wherein TL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: TL/(G45+T5+G56)≤6.000. 16. The optical imaging lens of claim 11, wherein EFL is an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens, AAG is a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, ALT is a sum of thicknesses of seven lens elements along the optical axis, BFL is a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (EFL+AAG)/(ALT+BFL)≥1.700. 17. The optical imaging lens of claim 11, wherein T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, G23 is an air gap between the second lens element and the third lens element along the optical axis, G34 is an air gap between the third lens element and the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (G23+T3+G34)/(T4+T5)≥1.100. 18. The optical imaging lens of claim 11, wherein G23 is an air gap between the second lens element and the third lens element along the optical axis, G34 is an air gap between the third lens element and the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (G45+G56+G67)/(G12+G23+G34)≥2.580. 19. The optical imaging lens of claim 11, wherein G23 is an air gap between the second lens element and the third lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (T1+T2+G23)/(T5+G56)≥1.700. 20. The optical imaging lens of claim 11, wherein TTL is the distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, G23 is an air gap between the second lens element and the third lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: TTL/(G23+G45)≤6.100. | An optical imaging lens includes a first lens element to a seventh lens element from an object side to an image side in order along an optical axis, and each lens element has an object-side surface and an image-side surface. A periphery region of the image-side surface of the first lens element is concave, a periphery region of the object-side surface of the third lens element is concave, a periphery region of the object-side surface of the fourth lens element is concave, the fifth lens has negative refractive power, a periphery region of the object-side surface of the fifth lens element is concave, and an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element is concave. The optical imaging lens has only the above seven lens elements with refractive power, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the following conditions: (G45+T5+G56+T6+G67+T7)/(T1+G12+T2)≥3.200.1. An optical imaging lens, from an object side to an image side in order along an optical axis comprising: a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element, wherein the first lens element to the seventh lens element each has an object-side surface facing toward the object side to allow imaging rays to pass through as well as an image-side surface facing toward the image side to allow the imaging rays to pass through, wherein:
a periphery region of the image-side surface of the first lens element is concave; a periphery region of the object-side surface of the third lens element is concave; a periphery region of the object-side surface of the fourth lens element is concave; the fifth lens element has negative refracting power, and a periphery region of the object-side surface of the fifth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element is concave; the lens elements having refracting power included by the optical imaging lens are only the seven lens elements described above, wherein the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationships: 2. The optical imaging lens of claim 1, wherein TTL is the distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, AAG is a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: TTL/AAG≤3.200. 3. The optical imaging lens of claim 1, wherein EFL is an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens, BFL is a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, AAG is a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (EFL+BFL)/AAG≤3.000. 4. The optical imaging lens of claim 1, wherein TL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: TL/(T2+T4+T7)≥4.200. 5. The optical imaging lens of claim 1, wherein ALT is a sum of thicknesses of seven lens elements along the optical axis, T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, G23 is an air gap between the second lens element and the third lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: ALT/(T2+G23+T3)≤3.200. 6. The optical imaging lens of claim 1, wherein ALT is a sum of thicknesses of seven lens elements along the optical axis, BFL is a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, G34 is an air gap between the third lens element and the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (ALT+BFL)/(T3+G34+T4)≥4.000. 7. The optical imaging lens of claim 1, wherein EFL is an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens, AAG is a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (EFL+AAG)/(G45+G56+G67)≤5.100. 8. The optical imaging lens of claim 1, wherein TTL is the distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, G23 is an air gap between the second lens element and the third lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: TTL/(G12+G23+G45)≤7.000. 9. The optical imaging lens of claim 1, wherein T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (T4+T5+T6)/(T2+T3)≤3.000. 10. The optical imaging lens of claim 1, wherein T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, G34 is an air gap between the third lens element and the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (T3+G34+T4)/T1≤2.500. 11. An optical imaging lens, from an object side to an image side in order along an optical axis comprising: a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element, wherein the first lens element to the seventh lens element each has an object-side surface facing toward the object side to allow imaging rays to pass through as well as an image-side surface facing toward the image side to allow the imaging rays to pass through, wherein:
an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the first lens element is convex; a periphery region of the image-side surface of the second lens element is concave; a periphery region of the object-side surface of the third lens element is concave; a periphery region of the object-side surface of the fourth lens element is concave; the fifth lens element has negative refracting power, and a periphery region of the object-side surface of the fifth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element is concave; the lens elements having refracting power included by the optical imaging lens are only the seven lens elements described above, wherein the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationships: 12. The optical imaging lens of claim 11, wherein G23 is an air gap between the second lens element and the third lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (G23+G67)/(T2+T6)≥1.000. 13. The optical imaging lens of claim 11, wherein T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (T6+T7)/(T3+T4)≥1.000. 14. The optical imaging lens of claim 11, wherein TL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis, G23 is an air gap between the second lens element and the third lens element along the optical axis, G34 is an air gap between the third lens element and the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: TL/(G12+G23+G34)≥8.800. 15. The optical imaging lens of claim 11, wherein TL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: TL/(G45+T5+G56)≤6.000. 16. The optical imaging lens of claim 11, wherein EFL is an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens, AAG is a sum of six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, ALT is a sum of thicknesses of seven lens elements along the optical axis, BFL is a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (EFL+AAG)/(ALT+BFL)≥1.700. 17. The optical imaging lens of claim 11, wherein T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, G23 is an air gap between the second lens element and the third lens element along the optical axis, G34 is an air gap between the third lens element and the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (G23+T3+G34)/(T4+T5)≥1.100. 18. The optical imaging lens of claim 11, wherein G23 is an air gap between the second lens element and the third lens element along the optical axis, G34 is an air gap between the third lens element and the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (G45+G56+G67)/(G12+G23+G34)≥2.580. 19. The optical imaging lens of claim 11, wherein G23 is an air gap between the second lens element and the third lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: (T1+T2+G23)/(T5+G56)≥1.700. 20. The optical imaging lens of claim 11, wherein TTL is the distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, G23 is an air gap between the second lens element and the third lens element along the optical axis, and the optical imaging lens satisfies the relationship: TTL/(G23+G45)≤6.100. | 2,800 |
340,884 | 16,801,151 | 2,148 | The present invention is a method comprising; accessing a model, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of members; isolating a set of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of members; analyzing each of the members of the wall panel and determining a set of actual properties of each of the members; comparing the actual properties of the members are within a predetermined tolerance of a set of required properties for each of the specific members, wherein if the member is not within the set of required properties the member is conflicting; and generating a list of all conflicting members. | 1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of members; isolating, by at least one processor, a set of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of members; analyzing, by at least one processor, each of the members of the wall panel and determining a set of actual properties of each of the members; comparing, by at least one processor, the actual properties of the members are within a predetermined tolerance of a set of required properties for each of the specific members, wherein if the member is not within the set of required properties the member is conflicting; and generating, by at least one processor, a list of all conflicting members. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein each member is analyzed for spatial positioning. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, extracting, by at least one processor, all non-wall panel members from the model. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the wall panel members. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 4, wherein the features of the wall panel members are apertures and cutouts. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, modifying, by at least one processor, the conflicting member properties to within the predetermined tolerance of the set of required properties. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 6, wherein a priority is established for the member which is modified based on an interface type of the members. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, categorizing, by at least one processor, the wall panel members based on the actual properties of the members. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising:
accessing a model, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of members;
isolating a set of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of members;
analyzing each of the members of the wall panel and determining a set of actual properties of each of the members;
comparing the actual properties of the members are within a predetermined tolerance of a set of required properties for each of the specific members, wherein if the member is not within the set of required properties the member is conflicting; and
generating a list of all conflicting members. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein each member is analyzed for spatial positioning. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, extracting all non-wall panel members from the model. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, identifying the features of the wall panel members. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the features of the wall panel members are apertures and cutouts. 14. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, modifying the conflicting member properties to within the predetermined tolerance of the set of required properties. 15. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein a priority is established for the member which is modified based on an interface type of the members. 16. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising:
accessing a model, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of members;
isolating a set of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of members;
analyzing each of the members of the wall panel and determining a set of actual properties of each of the members;
comparing the actual properties of the members are within a predetermined tolerance of a set of required properties for each of the specific members, wherein if the member is not within the set of required properties the member is conflicting; and
generating a list of all conflicting members. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein each member is analyzed for spatial positioning. 18. The system of claim 16, further comprising, extracting all non-wall panel members from the model. 19. The system of claim 16, further comprising, identifying the features of the wall panel members. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the features of the wall panel members are apertures and cutouts. | The present invention is a method comprising; accessing a model, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of members; isolating a set of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of members; analyzing each of the members of the wall panel and determining a set of actual properties of each of the members; comparing the actual properties of the members are within a predetermined tolerance of a set of required properties for each of the specific members, wherein if the member is not within the set of required properties the member is conflicting; and generating a list of all conflicting members.1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of members; isolating, by at least one processor, a set of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of members; analyzing, by at least one processor, each of the members of the wall panel and determining a set of actual properties of each of the members; comparing, by at least one processor, the actual properties of the members are within a predetermined tolerance of a set of required properties for each of the specific members, wherein if the member is not within the set of required properties the member is conflicting; and generating, by at least one processor, a list of all conflicting members. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein each member is analyzed for spatial positioning. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, extracting, by at least one processor, all non-wall panel members from the model. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the wall panel members. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 4, wherein the features of the wall panel members are apertures and cutouts. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, modifying, by at least one processor, the conflicting member properties to within the predetermined tolerance of the set of required properties. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 6, wherein a priority is established for the member which is modified based on an interface type of the members. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, categorizing, by at least one processor, the wall panel members based on the actual properties of the members. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising:
accessing a model, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of members;
isolating a set of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of members;
analyzing each of the members of the wall panel and determining a set of actual properties of each of the members;
comparing the actual properties of the members are within a predetermined tolerance of a set of required properties for each of the specific members, wherein if the member is not within the set of required properties the member is conflicting; and
generating a list of all conflicting members. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein each member is analyzed for spatial positioning. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, extracting all non-wall panel members from the model. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, identifying the features of the wall panel members. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the features of the wall panel members are apertures and cutouts. 14. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, modifying the conflicting member properties to within the predetermined tolerance of the set of required properties. 15. The computer program product of claim 14, wherein a priority is established for the member which is modified based on an interface type of the members. 16. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising:
accessing a model, wherein the model is comprised of a plurality of members;
isolating a set of wall panels, wherein the wall panels are comprised of members;
analyzing each of the members of the wall panel and determining a set of actual properties of each of the members;
comparing the actual properties of the members are within a predetermined tolerance of a set of required properties for each of the specific members, wherein if the member is not within the set of required properties the member is conflicting; and
generating a list of all conflicting members. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein each member is analyzed for spatial positioning. 18. The system of claim 16, further comprising, extracting all non-wall panel members from the model. 19. The system of claim 16, further comprising, identifying the features of the wall panel members. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the features of the wall panel members are apertures and cutouts. | 2,100 |
340,885 | 16,801,154 | 2,148 | The present invention is a computer implemented method comprising: accessing a model of a building; isolating a set of roof trusses, wherein the roof trusses are comprised of members; analyzing each of the members and determining the actual properties of each of the members; comparing if the actual properties of the members are within a predetermined tolerance of a set of required properties for each of the members; and generating a list of all conflicting members. | 1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model of a building; isolating, by at least one processor, a set of roof trusses, wherein the roof trusses are comprised of members; analyzing, by at least one processor, each of the members and determining the actual properties of each of the members; comparing, by at least one processor, if the actual properties of the members are within a predetermined tolerance of a set of required properties for each of the members; and generating, by at least one processor, a list of all conflicting members. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein each member is analyzed for spatial positioning. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, extracting, by at least one processor, all non-roof truss members from the model. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the roof truss members. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 4, wherein the features of the roof truss members are apertures and cutouts. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, modifying, by at least one processor, the conflicting member properties to within a predetermined range of acceptable values. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein a set of limitations are applied to the required values. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the orientation of the roof truss members of the roof truss are compared to determine if the roof truss members are parallel or perpendicular within the required values. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising:
accessing a model of a building;
isolating a set of roof trusses, wherein the roof trusses are comprised of members;
analyzing each of the members and determining the actual properties of each of the members;
comparing if the actual properties of the members are within a predetermined tolerance of a set of required properties for each of the members; and
generating a list of all conflicting members. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein each member is analyzed for spatial positioning. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, extracting all non-roof truss members from the model. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the roof truss members. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the features of the roof truss members are apertures and cutouts. 14. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, modifying the conflicting member properties to within a predetermined range of acceptable values. 15. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein a set of limitations are applied to the required values. 16. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the orientation of the roof truss members of the roof truss are compared to determine if the roof truss members are parallel or perpendicular within the required values. 17. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising:
accessing a model of a building;
isolating a set of roof trusses, wherein the roof trusses are comprised of members;
analyzing each of the members and determining the actual properties of each of the members;
comparing if the actual properties of the members are within a predetermined tolerance of a set of required properties for each of the members; and
generating a list of all conflicting members. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein each member is analyzed for spatial positioning, wherein the properties of the spatial positioning assist in the isolating of the roof truss members based on a set of spatial positioning values associated with only roof truss members. 19. The system of claim 17, further comprising, identifying a plurality of apertures within each member. 20. The system of claim 18, further comprising analyzing the orientation of the members of the roof truss to determine the actual orientation of the members. | The present invention is a computer implemented method comprising: accessing a model of a building; isolating a set of roof trusses, wherein the roof trusses are comprised of members; analyzing each of the members and determining the actual properties of each of the members; comparing if the actual properties of the members are within a predetermined tolerance of a set of required properties for each of the members; and generating a list of all conflicting members.1. A computer implemented method comprising:
accessing, by at least one processor, a model of a building; isolating, by at least one processor, a set of roof trusses, wherein the roof trusses are comprised of members; analyzing, by at least one processor, each of the members and determining the actual properties of each of the members; comparing, by at least one processor, if the actual properties of the members are within a predetermined tolerance of a set of required properties for each of the members; and generating, by at least one processor, a list of all conflicting members. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein each member is analyzed for spatial positioning. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, extracting, by at least one processor, all non-roof truss members from the model. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the roof truss members. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 4, wherein the features of the roof truss members are apertures and cutouts. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, modifying, by at least one processor, the conflicting member properties to within a predetermined range of acceptable values. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein a set of limitations are applied to the required values. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the orientation of the roof truss members of the roof truss are compared to determine if the roof truss members are parallel or perpendicular within the required values. 9. A computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage device readable by one or more processing circuit and storing instructions for execution by one or more processor for performing a method comprising:
accessing a model of a building;
isolating a set of roof trusses, wherein the roof trusses are comprised of members;
analyzing each of the members and determining the actual properties of each of the members;
comparing if the actual properties of the members are within a predetermined tolerance of a set of required properties for each of the members; and
generating a list of all conflicting members. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein each member is analyzed for spatial positioning. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, extracting all non-roof truss members from the model. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, identifying, by one or more processors, the features of the roof truss members. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the features of the roof truss members are apertures and cutouts. 14. The computer program product of claim 9, further comprising, modifying the conflicting member properties to within a predetermined range of acceptable values. 15. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein a set of limitations are applied to the required values. 16. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the orientation of the roof truss members of the roof truss are compared to determine if the roof truss members are parallel or perpendicular within the required values. 17. A system comprising:
a memory; one or more processors in communication with the memory; program instructions executable by the one or more processors via the memory to perform a method, the method comprising:
accessing a model of a building;
isolating a set of roof trusses, wherein the roof trusses are comprised of members;
analyzing each of the members and determining the actual properties of each of the members;
comparing if the actual properties of the members are within a predetermined tolerance of a set of required properties for each of the members; and
generating a list of all conflicting members. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein each member is analyzed for spatial positioning, wherein the properties of the spatial positioning assist in the isolating of the roof truss members based on a set of spatial positioning values associated with only roof truss members. 19. The system of claim 17, further comprising, identifying a plurality of apertures within each member. 20. The system of claim 18, further comprising analyzing the orientation of the members of the roof truss to determine the actual orientation of the members. | 2,100 |
340,886 | 16,801,150 | 2,148 | An optical imaging lens includes, sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis, a first to seventh lens elements each having an object-side surface and an image-side surface. The optical imaging lens satisfies a conditional expression: (G56+T6+G67)/(TG34+GT45)≥2.600. G56 is an air gap from the fifth to the sixth lens element along the optical axis. T6 is a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis. G67 is an air gap from the sixth to the seventh lens element along the optical axis. TG34 is a distance from the object-side surface of the third lens element to the object-side surface of the fourth lens element along the optical axis. GT45 is a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the image-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis. | 1. An optical imaging lens, comprising, sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element, and a seventh lens element, each of the lens elements having an object-side surface facing the object side and allowing imaging rays to pass through and an image-side surface facing the image side and allowing the imaging rays to pass through, wherein
the second lens element has negative refracting power; the third lens element has negative refracting power; an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the fourth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the seventh lens element is concave; and among the lens elements of the optical imaging lens, only the first to seventh lens elements have refracting power, and the optical imaging lens satisfies (G56+T6+G67)/(TG34+GT45)≥2.600, wherein G56 is an air gap from the fifth lens element to the sixth lens element along the optical axis, T6 is a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis, G67 is an air gap from the sixth lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, TG34 is a distance from the object-side surface of the third lens element to the object-side surface of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and GT45 is a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the image-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis. 2. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: (G23+T4)/T3≤5.200, wherein G23 is an air gap from the second lens element to the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis. 3. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: V2+V3+V6≤110.000, wherein V2 is an Abbe number of the second lens element, V3 is an Abbe number of the third lens element, and V6 is an Abbe number of the sixth lens element. 4. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: ALT/(T5+G56)≤4.200, wherein ALT is a sum of thicknesses of the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and T5 is a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis. 5. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: ALT/BFL≤5.500, wherein ALT is a sum of thicknesses of the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and BFL is a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis. 6. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: EFL/(G12+G67)≤5.600, wherein EFL is an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens, and G12 is an air gap from the first lens element to the second lens element along the optical axis. 7. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: (T2+G23)/T7≤2.000, wherein T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, G23 is an air gap from the second lens element to the third lens element along the optical axis, and T7 is a thickness of the seventh lens element along the optical axis. 8. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: (T3+T4+T5)/T6≤2.100, wherein T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and T5 is a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis. 9. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: AAG/T1≤4.000, AAG is a sum of all six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and T1 is a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis. 10. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: TL/(G12+T6+T7)≤4.700, wherein TL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis, G12 is an air gap from the first lens element to the second lens element along the optical axis, and T7 is a thickness of the seventh lens element along the optical axis. 11. An optical imaging lens, comprising, sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element, and a seventh lens element, wherein each of the lens elements has an object-side surface facing the object side and allowing imaging rays to pass through and an image-side surface facing the image side and allowing the imaging rays to pass through, wherein
the third lens element has negative refracting power; an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the fourth lens element is concave; a periphery region of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element is convex; an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the seventh lens element is concave; and among the lens elements of the optical imaging lens, only the first to seventh lens elements have refracting power, and the optical imaging lens satisfies (G56+T6+G67)/(TG34+GT45)≥2.600, wherein G56 is an air gap from the fifth lens element to the sixth lens element along the optical axis, T6 is a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis, G67 is an air gap from the sixth lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, TG34 is a distance from the object-side surface of the third lens element to the object-side surface of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and GT45 is a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the image-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis. 12. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: (T3+T4)/T2≥2.800, wherein T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis. 13. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: (EFL+G12)/BFL≥4.400, wherein EFL is an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens, G12 is an air gap from the first lens element to the second lens element along the optical axis, and BFL is a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis. 14. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: TTL/(G23+T4+G56)≤4.600, wherein TTL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, G23 is an air gap from the second lens element to the third lens element along the optical axis, and T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis. 15. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: (T2+T3+T5)/T4≤1.900, wherein T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T5 is a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis, and T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis. 16. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: AAG/(G23+G34)≥3.500, wherein AAG is a sum of all six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, G23 is an air gap from the second lens element to the third lens element along the optical axis, and G34 is an air gap from the third lens element to the fourth lens element along the optical axis. 17. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: ImgH/Fno≥2.500 mm, wherein ImgH is an image height of the optical imaging lens, and Fno is a F-number of the optical imaging lens. 18. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: (T1+T4)/(T2+T3)≥1.900, wherein T1 is a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, and T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis. 19. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: (T4+T6)/GT45≥2.800, wherein T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis. 20. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: (G12+G23+G56)/TG34≥2.500, wherein G12 is an air gap from the first lens element to the second lens element along the optical axis, and G23 is an air gap from the second lens element to the third lens element along the optical axis. | An optical imaging lens includes, sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis, a first to seventh lens elements each having an object-side surface and an image-side surface. The optical imaging lens satisfies a conditional expression: (G56+T6+G67)/(TG34+GT45)≥2.600. G56 is an air gap from the fifth to the sixth lens element along the optical axis. T6 is a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis. G67 is an air gap from the sixth to the seventh lens element along the optical axis. TG34 is a distance from the object-side surface of the third lens element to the object-side surface of the fourth lens element along the optical axis. GT45 is a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the image-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis.1. An optical imaging lens, comprising, sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element, and a seventh lens element, each of the lens elements having an object-side surface facing the object side and allowing imaging rays to pass through and an image-side surface facing the image side and allowing the imaging rays to pass through, wherein
the second lens element has negative refracting power; the third lens element has negative refracting power; an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the fourth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the seventh lens element is concave; and among the lens elements of the optical imaging lens, only the first to seventh lens elements have refracting power, and the optical imaging lens satisfies (G56+T6+G67)/(TG34+GT45)≥2.600, wherein G56 is an air gap from the fifth lens element to the sixth lens element along the optical axis, T6 is a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis, G67 is an air gap from the sixth lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, TG34 is a distance from the object-side surface of the third lens element to the object-side surface of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and GT45 is a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the image-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis. 2. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: (G23+T4)/T3≤5.200, wherein G23 is an air gap from the second lens element to the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis. 3. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: V2+V3+V6≤110.000, wherein V2 is an Abbe number of the second lens element, V3 is an Abbe number of the third lens element, and V6 is an Abbe number of the sixth lens element. 4. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: ALT/(T5+G56)≤4.200, wherein ALT is a sum of thicknesses of the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and T5 is a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis. 5. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: ALT/BFL≤5.500, wherein ALT is a sum of thicknesses of the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and BFL is a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis. 6. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: EFL/(G12+G67)≤5.600, wherein EFL is an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens, and G12 is an air gap from the first lens element to the second lens element along the optical axis. 7. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: (T2+G23)/T7≤2.000, wherein T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, G23 is an air gap from the second lens element to the third lens element along the optical axis, and T7 is a thickness of the seventh lens element along the optical axis. 8. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: (T3+T4+T5)/T6≤2.100, wherein T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and T5 is a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis. 9. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: AAG/T1≤4.000, AAG is a sum of all six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and T1 is a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis. 10. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: TL/(G12+T6+T7)≤4.700, wherein TL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis, G12 is an air gap from the first lens element to the second lens element along the optical axis, and T7 is a thickness of the seventh lens element along the optical axis. 11. An optical imaging lens, comprising, sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element, and a seventh lens element, wherein each of the lens elements has an object-side surface facing the object side and allowing imaging rays to pass through and an image-side surface facing the image side and allowing the imaging rays to pass through, wherein
the third lens element has negative refracting power; an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the fourth lens element is concave; a periphery region of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element is convex; an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the seventh lens element is concave; and among the lens elements of the optical imaging lens, only the first to seventh lens elements have refracting power, and the optical imaging lens satisfies (G56+T6+G67)/(TG34+GT45)≥2.600, wherein G56 is an air gap from the fifth lens element to the sixth lens element along the optical axis, T6 is a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis, G67 is an air gap from the sixth lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, TG34 is a distance from the object-side surface of the third lens element to the object-side surface of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and GT45 is a distance from the image-side surface of the fourth lens element to the image-side surface of the fifth lens element along the optical axis. 12. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: (T3+T4)/T2≥2.800, wherein T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis. 13. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: (EFL+G12)/BFL≥4.400, wherein EFL is an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens, G12 is an air gap from the first lens element to the second lens element along the optical axis, and BFL is a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis. 14. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: TTL/(G23+T4+G56)≤4.600, wherein TTL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, G23 is an air gap from the second lens element to the third lens element along the optical axis, and T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis. 15. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: (T2+T3+T5)/T4≤1.900, wherein T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T5 is a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis, and T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis. 16. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: AAG/(G23+G34)≥3.500, wherein AAG is a sum of all six air gaps from the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, G23 is an air gap from the second lens element to the third lens element along the optical axis, and G34 is an air gap from the third lens element to the fourth lens element along the optical axis. 17. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: ImgH/Fno≥2.500 mm, wherein ImgH is an image height of the optical imaging lens, and Fno is a F-number of the optical imaging lens. 18. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: (T1+T4)/(T2+T3)≥1.900, wherein T1 is a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, and T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis. 19. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: (T4+T6)/GT45≥2.800, wherein T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis. 20. The optical imaging lens according to claim 11, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies a conditional expression: (G12+G23+G56)/TG34≥2.500, wherein G12 is an air gap from the first lens element to the second lens element along the optical axis, and G23 is an air gap from the second lens element to the third lens element along the optical axis. | 2,100 |
340,887 | 16,642,354 | 2,148 | The inventive disclosures described herein generally pertain to an improved runtime-calibratable analog-computing system. In many embodiments, the improved analog-computing system comprises at least two analog computers, wherein after initial calibration, the system is designed to stagger the runtime calibration modes of each of the at least two analog-computers such that at least one of the analog computers is always in service, thus preventing any downtime for the overall system. In other words, a system user sees one initial calibration, and computing by the overall system is never interrupted. | 1-14. (canceled) 15. A method for use with first and second physical analog computers in a production system having production inputs and outputs, each of the analog computers having respective inputs and outputs, and for use with a calibration apparatus having calibration signals to be provided for inputs and receiving signals from outputs,
wherein each analog computer comprises at least two integrators, each integrator having an internal state defining the output thereof, the at least two integrators of each analog computer corresponding to the at least two integrators of the other of the analog computers, the method comprising the steps of: connecting the inputs of the first analog computer to the production inputs, and connecting the outputs of the first analog computer to the production outputs, thereby putting the first analog computer into production service; connecting the inputs of the second analog computer to the calibration input signals, and connecting the outputs of the second analog computer to the calibration output signals, thereby putting the second analog computer into calibration mode; carrying out calibration of the second analog computer; disconnecting the inputs of the second analog computer from the calibration inputs and disconnecting the outputs of the second analog computer from the calibration outputs, thereby taking the second analog computer out of calibration mode; connecting the inputs of the second analog computer to the production inputs; upon fulfillment of a predetermined condition, connecting the outputs of the second analog computer to the production outputs, thereby putting the second analog computer into production service; disconnecting the outputs of the first analog computer from the production outputs, thereby taking the first analog computer out of production service; disconnecting the inputs of the first analog computer from the production inputs; connecting the inputs of the first analog computer to the calibration input signals, and connecting the outputs of the first analog computer to the calibration output signals, thereby putting the first analog computer into calibration mode; carrying out calibration of the first analog computer; disconnecting the inputs of the first analog computer from the calibration inputs and disconnecting the outputs of the first analog computer from the calibration outputs, thereby taking the first analog computer out of calibration mode; connecting the inputs of the first analog computer to the production inputs; upon fulfillment of the predetermined condition, connecting the outputs of the first analog computer to the production outputs, thereby putting the first analog computer into production service; disconnecting the outputs of the second analog computer from the production outputs, thereby taking the second analog computer out of production service; disconnecting the inputs of the second analog computer from the production inputs; connecting the inputs of the second analog computer to the calibration input signals, and connecting the outputs of the second analog computer to the calibration output signals, thereby putting the second analog computer into calibration mode; carrying out calibration of the second analog computer; disconnecting the inputs of the second analog computer from the calibration inputs and disconnecting the outputs of the second analog computer from the calibration outputs, thereby taking the second analog computer out of calibration mode; connecting the inputs of the second analog computer to the production inputs; upon fulfillment of a predetermined condition, connecting the outputs of the second analog computer to the production outputs, thereby putting the second analog computer into production service; disconnecting the outputs of the first analog computer from the production outputs, thereby taking the first analog computer out of production service; disconnecting the inputs of the first analog computer from the production inputs; connecting the inputs of the first analog computer to the calibration input signals, and connecting the outputs of the first analog computer to the calibration output signals, thereby putting the first analog computer into calibration mode; carrying out calibration of the first analog computer; disconnecting the inputs of the first analog computer from the calibration inputs and disconnecting the outputs of the first analog computer from the calibration outputs, thereby taking the first analog computer out of calibration mode; connecting the inputs of the first analog computer to the production inputs; upon fulfillment of the predetermined condition, connecting the outputs of the first analog computer to the production outputs, thereby putting the first analog computer into production service; disconnecting the outputs of the second analog computer from the production outputs, thereby taking the second analog computer out of production service; disconnecting the inputs of the second analog computer from the production inputs; connecting the inputs of the second analog computer to the calibration input signals, and connecting the outputs of the second analog computer to the calibration output signals, thereby putting the second analog computer into calibration mode; and carrying out calibration of the second analog computer; the method further comprising the step, performed before each analog computer is placed into calibration mode, of storing the internal states of the integrators thereof, and thereafter transferring the stored internal state of integrators thereof to the corresponding integrators of the other analog computer having just been taken out of calibration mode. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the predetermined condition is the passage of a predetermined interval of time. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein the predetermined condition is a determination that outputs of the just-calibrated computer have settled, measured by a threshold device. 18. The method of claim 15 wherein the switching of inputs of an analog computer from calibration inputs to production inputs is “break before make”. 19. The method of claim 15 wherein the switching of outputs of an analog computer that was just calibrated, to the production outputs, and the switching of the other analog computer's outputs away from the production outputs, is “make before break”. 20. A method for use with first and second physical analog computers in a production system having production inputs and outputs, each of the analog computers having respective inputs and outputs, and for use with a calibration apparatus having calibration signals to be provided for inputs and receiving signals from outputs, the method carried out with respect to a third physical analog computer in the production system, the third analog computer having respective inputs and outputs, and carried out with respect to a threshold device, the threshold device having three inputs, the method comprising the steps of:
connecting the inputs of the first analog computer to the production inputs, and connecting the outputs of the first analog computer to the production outputs, thereby putting the first analog computer into production service; connecting the inputs of the second analog computer to the calibration input signals, and connecting the outputs of the second analog computer to the calibration output signals, thereby putting the second analog computer into calibration mode; carrying out calibration of the second analog computer; disconnecting the inputs of the second analog computer from the calibration inputs and disconnecting the outputs of the second analog computer from the calibration outputs, thereby taking the second analog computer out of calibration mode; connecting the inputs of the second analog computer to the production inputs; upon fulfillment of a predetermined condition, connecting the outputs of the second analog computer to the production outputs, thereby putting the second analog computer into production service; disconnecting the outputs of the first analog computer from the production outputs, thereby taking the first analog computer out of production service; disconnecting the inputs of the first analog computer from the production inputs; connecting the inputs of the first analog computer to the calibration input signals, and connecting the outputs of the first analog computer to the calibration output signals, thereby putting the first analog computer into calibration mode; carrying out calibration of the first analog computer; disconnecting the inputs of the first analog computer from the calibration inputs and disconnecting the outputs of the first analog computer from the calibration outputs, thereby taking the first analog computer out of calibration mode; connecting the inputs of the first analog computer to the production inputs; upon fulfillment of the predetermined condition, connecting the outputs of the first analog computer to the production outputs, thereby putting the first analog computer into production service; disconnecting the outputs of the second analog computer from the production outputs, thereby taking the second analog computer out of production service; disconnecting the inputs of the second analog computer from the production inputs; connecting the inputs of the second analog computer to the calibration input signals, and connecting the outputs of the second analog computer to the calibration output signals, thereby putting the second analog computer into calibration mode; carrying out calibration of the second analog computer; disconnecting the inputs of the second analog computer from the calibration inputs and disconnecting the outputs of the second analog computer from the calibration outputs, thereby taking the second analog computer out of calibration mode; connecting the inputs of the second analog computer to the production inputs; upon fulfillment of a predetermined condition, connecting the outputs of the second analog computer to the production outputs, thereby putting the second analog computer into production service; disconnecting the outputs of the first analog computer from the production outputs, thereby taking the first analog computer out of production service; disconnecting the inputs of the first analog computer from the production inputs; connecting the inputs of the first analog computer to the calibration input signals, and connecting the outputs of the first analog computer to the calibration output signals, thereby putting the first analog computer into calibration mode; carrying out calibration of the first analog computer; disconnecting the inputs of the first analog computer from the calibration inputs and disconnecting the outputs of the first analog computer from the calibration outputs, thereby taking the first analog computer out of calibration mode; connecting the inputs of the first analog computer to the production inputs; upon fulfillment of the predetermined condition, connecting the outputs of the first analog computer to the production outputs, thereby putting the first analog computer into production service; disconnecting the outputs of the second analog computer from the production outputs, thereby taking the second analog computer out of production service; disconnecting the inputs of the second analog computer from the production inputs; connecting the inputs of the second analog computer to the calibration input signals, and connecting the outputs of the second analog computer to the calibration output signals, thereby putting the second analog computer into calibration mode; and carrying out calibration of the second analog computer; the method further comprising the steps of: connecting the inputs of the third analog computer to the production inputs; at a time when all three of the analog computers are in production service, connecting the outputs of the three analog computers to respective inputs of the threshold device, and, in the event of an excursion of a production output of any one of the analog computers relative to the production outputs of the other two analog computers in excess of a predetermined threshold, annunciating the event by means of a communication external to the system. 21. The method of claim 20 wherein the predetermined condition is the passage of a predetermined interval of time. 22. The method of claim 20 wherein the predetermined condition is a determination that outputs of the just-calibrated computer have settled, measured by a threshold device. 23. The method of claim 20 wherein the switching of inputs of an analog computer from calibration inputs to production inputs is “break before make”. 24. The method of claim 20 wherein the switching of outputs of an analog computer that was just calibrated, to the production outputs, and the switching of the other analog computer's outputs away from the production outputs, is “make before break”. 25. Apparatus comprising first and second physical analog computers in a production system having production inputs and outputs, each of the analog computers having respective inputs and outputs, the apparatus further comprising a calibration apparatus having calibration signals to be provided for inputs and receiving signals from outputs, the apparatus further comprising a switching fabric disposed to selectively connect the inputs of the first analog computer to the production inputs or to the calibration inputs, and disposed to selectively connect the outputs of the first analog computer to the production outputs or to the calibration outputs, the switching fabric further disposed to selectively connect the inputs of the second analog computer to the production inputs or to the calibration inputs, and disposed to selectively connect the outputs of the second analog computer to the production outputs or to the calibration outputs, further comprising a threshold device comparing outputs of the analog computers at such time as the analog computers are both receiving production inputs. 26. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein the switching fabric is further characterized in that the switching of inputs of to an analog computer is “break before make”. 27. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein the switching fabric is further characterized in that the switching of outputs of the analog computers to production outputs is “make before break”. 28. Apparatus comprising first and second physical analog computers in a production system having production inputs and outputs, each of the analog computers having respective inputs and outputs, the apparatus further comprising a calibration apparatus having calibration signals to be provided for inputs and receiving signals from outputs, the apparatus further comprising a switching fabric disposed to selectively connect the inputs of the first analog computer to the production inputs or to the calibration inputs, and disposed to selectively connect the outputs of the first analog computer to the production outputs or to the calibration outputs, the switching fabric further disposed to selectively connect the inputs of the second analog computer to the production inputs or to the calibration inputs, and disposed to selectively connect the outputs of the second analog computer to the production outputs or to the calibration outputs. wherein each analog computer comprises at least two integrators, each integrator having an internal state defining the output thereof, the at least two integrators of each analog computer corresponding to the at least two integrators of the other of the analog computers, the apparatus further comprising transfer means disposed at predetermined times to store the internal states of the integrators of any one of the analog computers, and to transfer stored internal state of said integrators to the corresponding integrators of the other analog computer. 29. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein the switching fabric is further characterized in that the switching of inputs of to an analog computer is “break before make”. 30. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein the switching fabric is further characterized in that the switching of outputs of the analog computers to production outputs is “make before break”. 31. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein the predetermined time is a time when a first one of the analog computers has just been taken out of calibration mode, and a second one of the analog computers is about to be placed into calibration mode, the transfer being from the second analog computer to the first analog computer. 32. Apparatus comprising first and second physical analog computers in a production system having production inputs and outputs, each of the analog computers having respective inputs and outputs, the apparatus further comprising a calibration apparatus having calibration signals to be provided for inputs and receiving signals from outputs, the apparatus further comprising a switching fabric disposed to selectively connect the inputs of the first analog computer to the production inputs or to the calibration inputs, and disposed to selectively connect the outputs of the first analog computer to the production outputs or to the calibration outputs, the switching fabric further disposed to selectively connect the inputs of the second analog computer to the production inputs or to the calibration inputs, and disposed to selectively connect the outputs of the second analog computer to the production outputs or to the calibration outputs, further comprising a third analog computer in the production system, the third analog computer having respective inputs and outputs, the switching fabric further disposed to selectively connect the inputs of the third analog computer to the production inputs or to the calibration inputs, and disposed to selectively connect the outputs of the third analog computer to the production outputs or to the calibration outputs, the apparatus further comprising a threshold device disposed to annunciate an excursion of a production output of any one of the analog computers relative to the production outputs of the other two analog computers in excess of a predetermined threshold, the annunciation communicated external to the system. 33. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein the switching fabric is further characterized in that the switching of inputs of to an analog computer is “break before make”. 34. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein the switching fabric is further characterized in that the switching of outputs of the analog computers to production outputs is “make before break”. | The inventive disclosures described herein generally pertain to an improved runtime-calibratable analog-computing system. In many embodiments, the improved analog-computing system comprises at least two analog computers, wherein after initial calibration, the system is designed to stagger the runtime calibration modes of each of the at least two analog-computers such that at least one of the analog computers is always in service, thus preventing any downtime for the overall system. In other words, a system user sees one initial calibration, and computing by the overall system is never interrupted.1-14. (canceled) 15. A method for use with first and second physical analog computers in a production system having production inputs and outputs, each of the analog computers having respective inputs and outputs, and for use with a calibration apparatus having calibration signals to be provided for inputs and receiving signals from outputs,
wherein each analog computer comprises at least two integrators, each integrator having an internal state defining the output thereof, the at least two integrators of each analog computer corresponding to the at least two integrators of the other of the analog computers, the method comprising the steps of: connecting the inputs of the first analog computer to the production inputs, and connecting the outputs of the first analog computer to the production outputs, thereby putting the first analog computer into production service; connecting the inputs of the second analog computer to the calibration input signals, and connecting the outputs of the second analog computer to the calibration output signals, thereby putting the second analog computer into calibration mode; carrying out calibration of the second analog computer; disconnecting the inputs of the second analog computer from the calibration inputs and disconnecting the outputs of the second analog computer from the calibration outputs, thereby taking the second analog computer out of calibration mode; connecting the inputs of the second analog computer to the production inputs; upon fulfillment of a predetermined condition, connecting the outputs of the second analog computer to the production outputs, thereby putting the second analog computer into production service; disconnecting the outputs of the first analog computer from the production outputs, thereby taking the first analog computer out of production service; disconnecting the inputs of the first analog computer from the production inputs; connecting the inputs of the first analog computer to the calibration input signals, and connecting the outputs of the first analog computer to the calibration output signals, thereby putting the first analog computer into calibration mode; carrying out calibration of the first analog computer; disconnecting the inputs of the first analog computer from the calibration inputs and disconnecting the outputs of the first analog computer from the calibration outputs, thereby taking the first analog computer out of calibration mode; connecting the inputs of the first analog computer to the production inputs; upon fulfillment of the predetermined condition, connecting the outputs of the first analog computer to the production outputs, thereby putting the first analog computer into production service; disconnecting the outputs of the second analog computer from the production outputs, thereby taking the second analog computer out of production service; disconnecting the inputs of the second analog computer from the production inputs; connecting the inputs of the second analog computer to the calibration input signals, and connecting the outputs of the second analog computer to the calibration output signals, thereby putting the second analog computer into calibration mode; carrying out calibration of the second analog computer; disconnecting the inputs of the second analog computer from the calibration inputs and disconnecting the outputs of the second analog computer from the calibration outputs, thereby taking the second analog computer out of calibration mode; connecting the inputs of the second analog computer to the production inputs; upon fulfillment of a predetermined condition, connecting the outputs of the second analog computer to the production outputs, thereby putting the second analog computer into production service; disconnecting the outputs of the first analog computer from the production outputs, thereby taking the first analog computer out of production service; disconnecting the inputs of the first analog computer from the production inputs; connecting the inputs of the first analog computer to the calibration input signals, and connecting the outputs of the first analog computer to the calibration output signals, thereby putting the first analog computer into calibration mode; carrying out calibration of the first analog computer; disconnecting the inputs of the first analog computer from the calibration inputs and disconnecting the outputs of the first analog computer from the calibration outputs, thereby taking the first analog computer out of calibration mode; connecting the inputs of the first analog computer to the production inputs; upon fulfillment of the predetermined condition, connecting the outputs of the first analog computer to the production outputs, thereby putting the first analog computer into production service; disconnecting the outputs of the second analog computer from the production outputs, thereby taking the second analog computer out of production service; disconnecting the inputs of the second analog computer from the production inputs; connecting the inputs of the second analog computer to the calibration input signals, and connecting the outputs of the second analog computer to the calibration output signals, thereby putting the second analog computer into calibration mode; and carrying out calibration of the second analog computer; the method further comprising the step, performed before each analog computer is placed into calibration mode, of storing the internal states of the integrators thereof, and thereafter transferring the stored internal state of integrators thereof to the corresponding integrators of the other analog computer having just been taken out of calibration mode. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the predetermined condition is the passage of a predetermined interval of time. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein the predetermined condition is a determination that outputs of the just-calibrated computer have settled, measured by a threshold device. 18. The method of claim 15 wherein the switching of inputs of an analog computer from calibration inputs to production inputs is “break before make”. 19. The method of claim 15 wherein the switching of outputs of an analog computer that was just calibrated, to the production outputs, and the switching of the other analog computer's outputs away from the production outputs, is “make before break”. 20. A method for use with first and second physical analog computers in a production system having production inputs and outputs, each of the analog computers having respective inputs and outputs, and for use with a calibration apparatus having calibration signals to be provided for inputs and receiving signals from outputs, the method carried out with respect to a third physical analog computer in the production system, the third analog computer having respective inputs and outputs, and carried out with respect to a threshold device, the threshold device having three inputs, the method comprising the steps of:
connecting the inputs of the first analog computer to the production inputs, and connecting the outputs of the first analog computer to the production outputs, thereby putting the first analog computer into production service; connecting the inputs of the second analog computer to the calibration input signals, and connecting the outputs of the second analog computer to the calibration output signals, thereby putting the second analog computer into calibration mode; carrying out calibration of the second analog computer; disconnecting the inputs of the second analog computer from the calibration inputs and disconnecting the outputs of the second analog computer from the calibration outputs, thereby taking the second analog computer out of calibration mode; connecting the inputs of the second analog computer to the production inputs; upon fulfillment of a predetermined condition, connecting the outputs of the second analog computer to the production outputs, thereby putting the second analog computer into production service; disconnecting the outputs of the first analog computer from the production outputs, thereby taking the first analog computer out of production service; disconnecting the inputs of the first analog computer from the production inputs; connecting the inputs of the first analog computer to the calibration input signals, and connecting the outputs of the first analog computer to the calibration output signals, thereby putting the first analog computer into calibration mode; carrying out calibration of the first analog computer; disconnecting the inputs of the first analog computer from the calibration inputs and disconnecting the outputs of the first analog computer from the calibration outputs, thereby taking the first analog computer out of calibration mode; connecting the inputs of the first analog computer to the production inputs; upon fulfillment of the predetermined condition, connecting the outputs of the first analog computer to the production outputs, thereby putting the first analog computer into production service; disconnecting the outputs of the second analog computer from the production outputs, thereby taking the second analog computer out of production service; disconnecting the inputs of the second analog computer from the production inputs; connecting the inputs of the second analog computer to the calibration input signals, and connecting the outputs of the second analog computer to the calibration output signals, thereby putting the second analog computer into calibration mode; carrying out calibration of the second analog computer; disconnecting the inputs of the second analog computer from the calibration inputs and disconnecting the outputs of the second analog computer from the calibration outputs, thereby taking the second analog computer out of calibration mode; connecting the inputs of the second analog computer to the production inputs; upon fulfillment of a predetermined condition, connecting the outputs of the second analog computer to the production outputs, thereby putting the second analog computer into production service; disconnecting the outputs of the first analog computer from the production outputs, thereby taking the first analog computer out of production service; disconnecting the inputs of the first analog computer from the production inputs; connecting the inputs of the first analog computer to the calibration input signals, and connecting the outputs of the first analog computer to the calibration output signals, thereby putting the first analog computer into calibration mode; carrying out calibration of the first analog computer; disconnecting the inputs of the first analog computer from the calibration inputs and disconnecting the outputs of the first analog computer from the calibration outputs, thereby taking the first analog computer out of calibration mode; connecting the inputs of the first analog computer to the production inputs; upon fulfillment of the predetermined condition, connecting the outputs of the first analog computer to the production outputs, thereby putting the first analog computer into production service; disconnecting the outputs of the second analog computer from the production outputs, thereby taking the second analog computer out of production service; disconnecting the inputs of the second analog computer from the production inputs; connecting the inputs of the second analog computer to the calibration input signals, and connecting the outputs of the second analog computer to the calibration output signals, thereby putting the second analog computer into calibration mode; and carrying out calibration of the second analog computer; the method further comprising the steps of: connecting the inputs of the third analog computer to the production inputs; at a time when all three of the analog computers are in production service, connecting the outputs of the three analog computers to respective inputs of the threshold device, and, in the event of an excursion of a production output of any one of the analog computers relative to the production outputs of the other two analog computers in excess of a predetermined threshold, annunciating the event by means of a communication external to the system. 21. The method of claim 20 wherein the predetermined condition is the passage of a predetermined interval of time. 22. The method of claim 20 wherein the predetermined condition is a determination that outputs of the just-calibrated computer have settled, measured by a threshold device. 23. The method of claim 20 wherein the switching of inputs of an analog computer from calibration inputs to production inputs is “break before make”. 24. The method of claim 20 wherein the switching of outputs of an analog computer that was just calibrated, to the production outputs, and the switching of the other analog computer's outputs away from the production outputs, is “make before break”. 25. Apparatus comprising first and second physical analog computers in a production system having production inputs and outputs, each of the analog computers having respective inputs and outputs, the apparatus further comprising a calibration apparatus having calibration signals to be provided for inputs and receiving signals from outputs, the apparatus further comprising a switching fabric disposed to selectively connect the inputs of the first analog computer to the production inputs or to the calibration inputs, and disposed to selectively connect the outputs of the first analog computer to the production outputs or to the calibration outputs, the switching fabric further disposed to selectively connect the inputs of the second analog computer to the production inputs or to the calibration inputs, and disposed to selectively connect the outputs of the second analog computer to the production outputs or to the calibration outputs, further comprising a threshold device comparing outputs of the analog computers at such time as the analog computers are both receiving production inputs. 26. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein the switching fabric is further characterized in that the switching of inputs of to an analog computer is “break before make”. 27. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein the switching fabric is further characterized in that the switching of outputs of the analog computers to production outputs is “make before break”. 28. Apparatus comprising first and second physical analog computers in a production system having production inputs and outputs, each of the analog computers having respective inputs and outputs, the apparatus further comprising a calibration apparatus having calibration signals to be provided for inputs and receiving signals from outputs, the apparatus further comprising a switching fabric disposed to selectively connect the inputs of the first analog computer to the production inputs or to the calibration inputs, and disposed to selectively connect the outputs of the first analog computer to the production outputs or to the calibration outputs, the switching fabric further disposed to selectively connect the inputs of the second analog computer to the production inputs or to the calibration inputs, and disposed to selectively connect the outputs of the second analog computer to the production outputs or to the calibration outputs. wherein each analog computer comprises at least two integrators, each integrator having an internal state defining the output thereof, the at least two integrators of each analog computer corresponding to the at least two integrators of the other of the analog computers, the apparatus further comprising transfer means disposed at predetermined times to store the internal states of the integrators of any one of the analog computers, and to transfer stored internal state of said integrators to the corresponding integrators of the other analog computer. 29. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein the switching fabric is further characterized in that the switching of inputs of to an analog computer is “break before make”. 30. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein the switching fabric is further characterized in that the switching of outputs of the analog computers to production outputs is “make before break”. 31. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein the predetermined time is a time when a first one of the analog computers has just been taken out of calibration mode, and a second one of the analog computers is about to be placed into calibration mode, the transfer being from the second analog computer to the first analog computer. 32. Apparatus comprising first and second physical analog computers in a production system having production inputs and outputs, each of the analog computers having respective inputs and outputs, the apparatus further comprising a calibration apparatus having calibration signals to be provided for inputs and receiving signals from outputs, the apparatus further comprising a switching fabric disposed to selectively connect the inputs of the first analog computer to the production inputs or to the calibration inputs, and disposed to selectively connect the outputs of the first analog computer to the production outputs or to the calibration outputs, the switching fabric further disposed to selectively connect the inputs of the second analog computer to the production inputs or to the calibration inputs, and disposed to selectively connect the outputs of the second analog computer to the production outputs or to the calibration outputs, further comprising a third analog computer in the production system, the third analog computer having respective inputs and outputs, the switching fabric further disposed to selectively connect the inputs of the third analog computer to the production inputs or to the calibration inputs, and disposed to selectively connect the outputs of the third analog computer to the production outputs or to the calibration outputs, the apparatus further comprising a threshold device disposed to annunciate an excursion of a production output of any one of the analog computers relative to the production outputs of the other two analog computers in excess of a predetermined threshold, the annunciation communicated external to the system. 33. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein the switching fabric is further characterized in that the switching of inputs of to an analog computer is “break before make”. 34. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein the switching fabric is further characterized in that the switching of outputs of the analog computers to production outputs is “make before break”. | 2,100 |
340,888 | 16,801,177 | 2,836 | An apparatus for monitoring an electrical apparatus, the load monitoring apparatus comprising a controller which is configured to capture and process voltage and current data of an electrical apparatus, which is electrically connected with a power supply, to obtain electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus, to store the electrical parameters as measured electrical parameters, to compare the measured electrical parameters with a set of pre-stored electrical parameters, to determine whether the measured electrical parameters match with the stored electrical parameters, and to operate a power switch to turn off power supply to the electrical parameters if the measured electrical parameters do not match with the stored electrical parameters. | 1. A method of monitoring an electrical apparatus having a plurality of electrical parameters by a load monitoring apparatus comprising a controller, the method comprising the load monitoring apparatus:
capturing and processing voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus to obtain electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus, and storing the electrical parameters as measured electrical parameters, comparing the measured electrical parameters with a set of pre-stored electrical parameters, determining whether the measured electrical parameters match with the stored electrical parameters, operating a power switch to turn off power supply to the electrical parameters if the measured electrical parameters do not match with the stored electrical parameters. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the load monitoring apparatus:
obtaining electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus on start-up of the electrical apparatus and storing measured start-up electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus on the load monitoring device, comparing the measured start-up electrical parameters with a set of pre-stored start-up electrical parameters, determining whether the measured start-up electrical parameters match with the stored start-up electrical parameters, operating a power switch to turn off power supply to the electrical parameters if the measured start-up electrical parameters do not match with the stored start-up electrical parameters. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the load monitoring apparatus:
obtaining electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus when the electrical apparatus is operating in a steady state and storing measured steady-state electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus on the load monitoring device, comparing the measured steady-state electrical parameters with a set of pre-stored steady-state electrical parameters, determining whether the measured steady-state electrical parameters match with the stored steady-state electrical parameters, operating a power switch to turn off power supply to the electrical parameters if the measured steady-state electrical parameters do not match with the stored steady-state electrical parameters. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrical apparatus is switchable to operate in a plurality of switched operating modes, and the method comprises the load monitoring apparatus:
obtaining electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus when the electrical apparatus is operating in a switched operating mode and storing measured electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus in the switched operating mode on the load monitoring device, comparing the measured electrical parameters of the switched operating mode with a set of pre-stored electrical parameters of the switched operating mode, determining whether the measured electrical parameters of the switched operating mode match with the stored electrical parameters of the switched operating mode, operating a power switch to turn off power supply to the electrical parameters if the measured electrical parameters of the switched operating mode do not match with the stored electrical parameters of the switched operating mode. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrical apparatus is switchable to operate in a plurality of switched operating modes, and the method comprises the load monitoring apparatus:
measuring switching time when the electrical apparatus operating in a steady state is switched between a first operating mode and a second operating mode, and storing the switching time; determining whether the measured switching time matches with a stored switching time, operating a power switch to turn off power supply to the electrical parameters if the measured switching time does not match with the stored switching time. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the load monitoring apparatus:
capturing voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus and storing the captured voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus, determining load type of the electrical apparatus according to the captured voltage and current data, processing the captured voltage and current data to obtain electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus; determining whether the obtained electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus match with stored electrical characteristics of that load type. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrical apparatus has a load type identification data containing load type information of the electrical apparatus, and the method comprises the load monitoring apparatus:
capturing voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus and storing the captured voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus, processing the captured voltage and current data to obtain electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus; determining whether the obtained electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus are consistent with electrical parameters which are characteristics of that load type. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrical apparatus has an apparatus identification data which is readable or detectable by the load monitoring apparatus, and the method comprises the load monitoring apparatus:
retrieving electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus using the apparatus identification data; capturing voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus and storing the captured voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus, processing the captured voltage and current data to obtain electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus; determining whether the obtained electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus are consistent with retrieved electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrical apparatus has a load type identification containing load type information of the electrical apparatus, and the method comprises the load monitoring apparatus:
capturing voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus on start-up and storing the captured start-up voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus, processing the captured voltage and current data to obtain start-up electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus; determining whether the obtained electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus are consistent with start-up electrical parameters of the load type. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrical apparatus has an apparatus identification data which is detectable by the load monitoring apparatus, wherein the method comprises the load monitoring apparatus:
capturing voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus and storing the captured voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus, processing the captured voltage and current data to obtain electrical parameters characteristic of the electrical apparatus in operation and devising a set of parameters for load monitoring; storing the apparatus identification data and the set of parameters; retrieving the set of parameters to perform load monitoring when new electrical connection between the electrical apparatus and the power supply is detected. 11. A load monitoring apparatus for monitoring electrical parameters of an electrical load when the load electrical is electrically connected to a power supply, the apparatus comprising a controller, a power switch operable by the controller, a data acquisition device operable, voltage and current sensors configured to feed voltage and current information to the data acquisition device and a data storage device; wherein the load monitoring apparatus is configured to:
capture and process voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus to obtain electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus, and store the electrical parameters as measured electrical parameters, compare the measured electrical parameters with a set of pre-stored electrical parameters, determine whether the measured electrical parameters match with the stored electrical parameters, operate a power switch to turn off power supply to the electrical parameters if the measured electrical parameters do not match with the stored electrical parameters. 12. The load monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the load monitoring apparatus is configured to:
obtain electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus on start-up of the electrical apparatus and store measured start-up electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus on the load monitoring device, compare the measured start-up electrical parameters with a set of pre-stored start-up electrical parameters, determine whether the measured start-up electrical parameters match with the stored start-up electrical parameters, operate a power switch to turn off power supply to the electrical parameters if the measured start-up electrical parameters do not match with the stored start-up electrical parameters. 13. The load monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the load monitoring apparatus is configured to:
obtain electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus when the electrical apparatus is operating in a steady state and store measured steady-state electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus on the load monitoring device, compare the measured steady-state electrical parameters with a set of pre-stored steady-state electrical parameters, determine whether the measured steady-state electrical parameters match with the stored steady-state electrical parameters, operate a power switch to turn off power supply to the electrical parameters if the measured steady-state electrical parameters do not match with the stored steady-state electrical parameters. 14. The load monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the electrical apparatus is switchable to operate in a plurality of switched operating modes, and the load monitoring apparatus is configured to:
obtain electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus when the electrical apparatus is operating in a switched operating mode and store measured electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus in the switched operating mode on the load monitoring device, compare the measured electrical parameters of the switched operating mode with a set of pre-stored electrical parameters of the switched operating mode, determine whether the measured electrical parameters of the switched operating mode match with the stored electrical parameters of the switched operating mode, operate a power switch to turn off power supply to the electrical parameters if the measured electrical parameters of the switched operating mode do not match with the stored electrical parameters of the switched operating mode. 15. The load monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the power switch is for making breakable electrical connection between the power supply and an electrical load, wherein the controller is configured to operate the data acquisition device to acquire voltage and current data through the voltage and current sensors when load current flows through the power switch; and wherein electrical characteristics of different types of load are stored on the load monitoring apparatus and the controller is configured to determine type load of an electrical load which is connected to the power source and to apply a set of monitoring criteria according to the load type. 16. The load monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to learn electrical parameters of an electrical load using voltage and current data captured by the data acquisition device when a load is electrically connected to the power supply, and to stored learned electrical parameters for subsequent monitoring of the load when the load is reconnected to the power supply after electrical connection. 17. The load monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the controller is to operate to detect or receive an identification data from the load upon detection of signals representing the load making a request for power supply. 18. The load monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the load monitoring apparatus is set into a standby mode each time when the load monitoring apparatus is connected to a power supply and will remain in the standby mode until detection of signals representing the load making a request for power supply. 19. The load monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein load current characteristics of a plurality of load types and electrical parameters for monitoring the plurality of load types are stored on the data storage device, wherein the controller is configured and to operate to assign a load type to a load according to measured voltage and current data of the load, and wherein the controller is configured and is to operate to apply monitoring electrical parameters to perform load monitoring of the load using the electrical parameters. 20. The load monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising a detection arrangement for detecting physical disconnection of a load from the power supply. | An apparatus for monitoring an electrical apparatus, the load monitoring apparatus comprising a controller which is configured to capture and process voltage and current data of an electrical apparatus, which is electrically connected with a power supply, to obtain electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus, to store the electrical parameters as measured electrical parameters, to compare the measured electrical parameters with a set of pre-stored electrical parameters, to determine whether the measured electrical parameters match with the stored electrical parameters, and to operate a power switch to turn off power supply to the electrical parameters if the measured electrical parameters do not match with the stored electrical parameters.1. A method of monitoring an electrical apparatus having a plurality of electrical parameters by a load monitoring apparatus comprising a controller, the method comprising the load monitoring apparatus:
capturing and processing voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus to obtain electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus, and storing the electrical parameters as measured electrical parameters, comparing the measured electrical parameters with a set of pre-stored electrical parameters, determining whether the measured electrical parameters match with the stored electrical parameters, operating a power switch to turn off power supply to the electrical parameters if the measured electrical parameters do not match with the stored electrical parameters. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the load monitoring apparatus:
obtaining electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus on start-up of the electrical apparatus and storing measured start-up electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus on the load monitoring device, comparing the measured start-up electrical parameters with a set of pre-stored start-up electrical parameters, determining whether the measured start-up electrical parameters match with the stored start-up electrical parameters, operating a power switch to turn off power supply to the electrical parameters if the measured start-up electrical parameters do not match with the stored start-up electrical parameters. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the load monitoring apparatus:
obtaining electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus when the electrical apparatus is operating in a steady state and storing measured steady-state electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus on the load monitoring device, comparing the measured steady-state electrical parameters with a set of pre-stored steady-state electrical parameters, determining whether the measured steady-state electrical parameters match with the stored steady-state electrical parameters, operating a power switch to turn off power supply to the electrical parameters if the measured steady-state electrical parameters do not match with the stored steady-state electrical parameters. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrical apparatus is switchable to operate in a plurality of switched operating modes, and the method comprises the load monitoring apparatus:
obtaining electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus when the electrical apparatus is operating in a switched operating mode and storing measured electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus in the switched operating mode on the load monitoring device, comparing the measured electrical parameters of the switched operating mode with a set of pre-stored electrical parameters of the switched operating mode, determining whether the measured electrical parameters of the switched operating mode match with the stored electrical parameters of the switched operating mode, operating a power switch to turn off power supply to the electrical parameters if the measured electrical parameters of the switched operating mode do not match with the stored electrical parameters of the switched operating mode. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrical apparatus is switchable to operate in a plurality of switched operating modes, and the method comprises the load monitoring apparatus:
measuring switching time when the electrical apparatus operating in a steady state is switched between a first operating mode and a second operating mode, and storing the switching time; determining whether the measured switching time matches with a stored switching time, operating a power switch to turn off power supply to the electrical parameters if the measured switching time does not match with the stored switching time. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the load monitoring apparatus:
capturing voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus and storing the captured voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus, determining load type of the electrical apparatus according to the captured voltage and current data, processing the captured voltage and current data to obtain electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus; determining whether the obtained electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus match with stored electrical characteristics of that load type. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrical apparatus has a load type identification data containing load type information of the electrical apparatus, and the method comprises the load monitoring apparatus:
capturing voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus and storing the captured voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus, processing the captured voltage and current data to obtain electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus; determining whether the obtained electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus are consistent with electrical parameters which are characteristics of that load type. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrical apparatus has an apparatus identification data which is readable or detectable by the load monitoring apparatus, and the method comprises the load monitoring apparatus:
retrieving electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus using the apparatus identification data; capturing voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus and storing the captured voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus, processing the captured voltage and current data to obtain electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus; determining whether the obtained electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus are consistent with retrieved electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrical apparatus has a load type identification containing load type information of the electrical apparatus, and the method comprises the load monitoring apparatus:
capturing voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus on start-up and storing the captured start-up voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus, processing the captured voltage and current data to obtain start-up electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus; determining whether the obtained electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus are consistent with start-up electrical parameters of the load type. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrical apparatus has an apparatus identification data which is detectable by the load monitoring apparatus, wherein the method comprises the load monitoring apparatus:
capturing voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus and storing the captured voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus, processing the captured voltage and current data to obtain electrical parameters characteristic of the electrical apparatus in operation and devising a set of parameters for load monitoring; storing the apparatus identification data and the set of parameters; retrieving the set of parameters to perform load monitoring when new electrical connection between the electrical apparatus and the power supply is detected. 11. A load monitoring apparatus for monitoring electrical parameters of an electrical load when the load electrical is electrically connected to a power supply, the apparatus comprising a controller, a power switch operable by the controller, a data acquisition device operable, voltage and current sensors configured to feed voltage and current information to the data acquisition device and a data storage device; wherein the load monitoring apparatus is configured to:
capture and process voltage and current data of the electrical apparatus to obtain electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus, and store the electrical parameters as measured electrical parameters, compare the measured electrical parameters with a set of pre-stored electrical parameters, determine whether the measured electrical parameters match with the stored electrical parameters, operate a power switch to turn off power supply to the electrical parameters if the measured electrical parameters do not match with the stored electrical parameters. 12. The load monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the load monitoring apparatus is configured to:
obtain electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus on start-up of the electrical apparatus and store measured start-up electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus on the load monitoring device, compare the measured start-up electrical parameters with a set of pre-stored start-up electrical parameters, determine whether the measured start-up electrical parameters match with the stored start-up electrical parameters, operate a power switch to turn off power supply to the electrical parameters if the measured start-up electrical parameters do not match with the stored start-up electrical parameters. 13. The load monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the load monitoring apparatus is configured to:
obtain electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus when the electrical apparatus is operating in a steady state and store measured steady-state electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus on the load monitoring device, compare the measured steady-state electrical parameters with a set of pre-stored steady-state electrical parameters, determine whether the measured steady-state electrical parameters match with the stored steady-state electrical parameters, operate a power switch to turn off power supply to the electrical parameters if the measured steady-state electrical parameters do not match with the stored steady-state electrical parameters. 14. The load monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the electrical apparatus is switchable to operate in a plurality of switched operating modes, and the load monitoring apparatus is configured to:
obtain electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus when the electrical apparatus is operating in a switched operating mode and store measured electrical parameters of the electrical apparatus in the switched operating mode on the load monitoring device, compare the measured electrical parameters of the switched operating mode with a set of pre-stored electrical parameters of the switched operating mode, determine whether the measured electrical parameters of the switched operating mode match with the stored electrical parameters of the switched operating mode, operate a power switch to turn off power supply to the electrical parameters if the measured electrical parameters of the switched operating mode do not match with the stored electrical parameters of the switched operating mode. 15. The load monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the power switch is for making breakable electrical connection between the power supply and an electrical load, wherein the controller is configured to operate the data acquisition device to acquire voltage and current data through the voltage and current sensors when load current flows through the power switch; and wherein electrical characteristics of different types of load are stored on the load monitoring apparatus and the controller is configured to determine type load of an electrical load which is connected to the power source and to apply a set of monitoring criteria according to the load type. 16. The load monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to learn electrical parameters of an electrical load using voltage and current data captured by the data acquisition device when a load is electrically connected to the power supply, and to stored learned electrical parameters for subsequent monitoring of the load when the load is reconnected to the power supply after electrical connection. 17. The load monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the controller is to operate to detect or receive an identification data from the load upon detection of signals representing the load making a request for power supply. 18. The load monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the load monitoring apparatus is set into a standby mode each time when the load monitoring apparatus is connected to a power supply and will remain in the standby mode until detection of signals representing the load making a request for power supply. 19. The load monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein load current characteristics of a plurality of load types and electrical parameters for monitoring the plurality of load types are stored on the data storage device, wherein the controller is configured and to operate to assign a load type to a load according to measured voltage and current data of the load, and wherein the controller is configured and is to operate to apply monitoring electrical parameters to perform load monitoring of the load using the electrical parameters. 20. The load monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising a detection arrangement for detecting physical disconnection of a load from the power supply. | 2,800 |
340,889 | 16,801,170 | 2,836 | A weight lifting support shirt is used to assist a lifter to perform workouts and comprises a chest support portion, a shoulder support portion, an abdominal support portion, and a first and second arm support portions each comprising a sleeve portion. The chest support portion is configured to extend across a chest portion of the lifter from a first end to a second end. The first and second arm support portions extend from the first and second ends of the chest support portion, respectively. The shoulder support portion abuts and extends across boundaries of the first and second arm support portions, and the chest support portion. The first and second arm support portions are configured to conform around a first and a second arm of the lifter. The abdominal support portion extends below from the chest support portion and is configured to conform and fasten around the lifer's abdomen. | 1. A weight lifting support shirt to allow a lifter to perform one or more workouts, the weight lifting support shirt comprising:
a chest support portion configured to extend across a chest portion of the lifter from a first end to a second end; a first arm support portion extending from the first end of the chest support portion; a second arm support portion extending from the second end of the chest support portion, wherein the first and second arm support portions are configured to conform around a first arm and a second arm of the lifter; a shoulder support portion abutting and extending across boundaries of the first arm support portion, the second arm support portion, and the chest support portion, wherein the shoulder support portion is configured to transfer weight from a shoulder portion of the lifter into triceps, pectoral and latissimus region of the lifter; each of the first arm support portion and the second arm support portion comprising a sleeve portion, wherein the sleeve portions are configured to require the lifter to raise a barbell and lower the barbell during a workout in a substantially straight path and substantially perpendicular to a bench; and an abdominal support portion in communication with and extending below the chest support portion. 2. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 1, wherein the abdominal support portion is fastened about an abdomen of the lifter using a hook and loop fastener. 3. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 2, wherein the abdominal support portion comprises a first lateral extension comprising a hook component of the hook and loop fastener and a second lateral extension comprising a loop component of the hook and loop fastener. 4. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 1, aligns hands of the lifter to move along a predetermined bar path. 5. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 4, wherein the predetermined bar path confirms to the bar path that is utilized in a bench press exercise. 6. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 1, wherein an angle at which the sleeve portions connect to the shoulder support portion and the chest support portion of the lifter is configured to require the lifter to move the barbell in the substantially straight path that is substantially perpendicular to ground. 7. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 1, further comprising triple-ply elastic arm bands that are attached to the shoulder support portion of the weight lifting support shirt, wherein the triple-ply elastic arm bands are configured to transfer the weight from the shoulder portion of the lifter into the triceps and the pectoral region of the lifter to reduce strain on rotator cuffs of the lifter. 8. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 7, wherein the shoulder support portion comprises of an elastic layer that provides flexibility to the lifter for a predefined range of motion and depth. 9. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 8, wherein the shoulder support portion transfers weight and energy of the barbell into center of the weight lifting support shirt during descent of the barbell. 10. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 9, wherein center of the chest support portion is reinforced with figure eight stitching, which further concentrates load and energy received from multiple angles during the workout to the center of the weight lifting support shirt. 11. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 1, wherein when the lifter lowers the barbell and stretches elastic material of the weight lifting support shirt, the energy received and concentrated at the center of the weight lifting support shirt is conserved until the lifter presses the barbell away from the body, and wherein the concentrated energy is rebounded through the chest portion and triceps of the lifter. 12. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 1, further comprises a grid plate positioned at a center of the chest support portion, wherein the grid plate is configured to prevent stretching of material of the weight lifting support shirt, and rebound released energy during the workout into the chest portion and the arms of the lifter. 13. A weight lifting support shirt to allow a lifter to perform one or more workouts, the weight lifting support shirt comprising:
a chest support portion configured to extend across a chest portion of the lifter from a first end to a second end; a first arm support portion extending from the first end of the chest support portion; a second arm support portion extending from the second end of the chest support portion, wherein the first and second arm support portions are configured to conform around a first arm and a second arm of the lifter; a shoulder support portion abutting and extending across boundaries of the first arm support portion, the second arm support portion, and the chest support portion, wherein the shoulder support portion is configured to transfer weight from a shoulder portion of the lifter into triceps, pectoral and latissimus region of the lifter; each of the first arm support portion and the second arm support portion comprising a sleeve portion, wherein the sleeve portions are configured to require the lifter to perform the one or more workouts in a substantially straight path; and an abdominal support portion in communication with and extending below the chest support portion. | A weight lifting support shirt is used to assist a lifter to perform workouts and comprises a chest support portion, a shoulder support portion, an abdominal support portion, and a first and second arm support portions each comprising a sleeve portion. The chest support portion is configured to extend across a chest portion of the lifter from a first end to a second end. The first and second arm support portions extend from the first and second ends of the chest support portion, respectively. The shoulder support portion abuts and extends across boundaries of the first and second arm support portions, and the chest support portion. The first and second arm support portions are configured to conform around a first and a second arm of the lifter. The abdominal support portion extends below from the chest support portion and is configured to conform and fasten around the lifer's abdomen.1. A weight lifting support shirt to allow a lifter to perform one or more workouts, the weight lifting support shirt comprising:
a chest support portion configured to extend across a chest portion of the lifter from a first end to a second end; a first arm support portion extending from the first end of the chest support portion; a second arm support portion extending from the second end of the chest support portion, wherein the first and second arm support portions are configured to conform around a first arm and a second arm of the lifter; a shoulder support portion abutting and extending across boundaries of the first arm support portion, the second arm support portion, and the chest support portion, wherein the shoulder support portion is configured to transfer weight from a shoulder portion of the lifter into triceps, pectoral and latissimus region of the lifter; each of the first arm support portion and the second arm support portion comprising a sleeve portion, wherein the sleeve portions are configured to require the lifter to raise a barbell and lower the barbell during a workout in a substantially straight path and substantially perpendicular to a bench; and an abdominal support portion in communication with and extending below the chest support portion. 2. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 1, wherein the abdominal support portion is fastened about an abdomen of the lifter using a hook and loop fastener. 3. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 2, wherein the abdominal support portion comprises a first lateral extension comprising a hook component of the hook and loop fastener and a second lateral extension comprising a loop component of the hook and loop fastener. 4. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 1, aligns hands of the lifter to move along a predetermined bar path. 5. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 4, wherein the predetermined bar path confirms to the bar path that is utilized in a bench press exercise. 6. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 1, wherein an angle at which the sleeve portions connect to the shoulder support portion and the chest support portion of the lifter is configured to require the lifter to move the barbell in the substantially straight path that is substantially perpendicular to ground. 7. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 1, further comprising triple-ply elastic arm bands that are attached to the shoulder support portion of the weight lifting support shirt, wherein the triple-ply elastic arm bands are configured to transfer the weight from the shoulder portion of the lifter into the triceps and the pectoral region of the lifter to reduce strain on rotator cuffs of the lifter. 8. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 7, wherein the shoulder support portion comprises of an elastic layer that provides flexibility to the lifter for a predefined range of motion and depth. 9. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 8, wherein the shoulder support portion transfers weight and energy of the barbell into center of the weight lifting support shirt during descent of the barbell. 10. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 9, wherein center of the chest support portion is reinforced with figure eight stitching, which further concentrates load and energy received from multiple angles during the workout to the center of the weight lifting support shirt. 11. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 1, wherein when the lifter lowers the barbell and stretches elastic material of the weight lifting support shirt, the energy received and concentrated at the center of the weight lifting support shirt is conserved until the lifter presses the barbell away from the body, and wherein the concentrated energy is rebounded through the chest portion and triceps of the lifter. 12. The weight lifting support shirt of claim 1, further comprises a grid plate positioned at a center of the chest support portion, wherein the grid plate is configured to prevent stretching of material of the weight lifting support shirt, and rebound released energy during the workout into the chest portion and the arms of the lifter. 13. A weight lifting support shirt to allow a lifter to perform one or more workouts, the weight lifting support shirt comprising:
a chest support portion configured to extend across a chest portion of the lifter from a first end to a second end; a first arm support portion extending from the first end of the chest support portion; a second arm support portion extending from the second end of the chest support portion, wherein the first and second arm support portions are configured to conform around a first arm and a second arm of the lifter; a shoulder support portion abutting and extending across boundaries of the first arm support portion, the second arm support portion, and the chest support portion, wherein the shoulder support portion is configured to transfer weight from a shoulder portion of the lifter into triceps, pectoral and latissimus region of the lifter; each of the first arm support portion and the second arm support portion comprising a sleeve portion, wherein the sleeve portions are configured to require the lifter to perform the one or more workouts in a substantially straight path; and an abdominal support portion in communication with and extending below the chest support portion. | 2,800 |
340,890 | 16,801,155 | 2,836 | A communication device includes an interleaving unit that determines an interleaving length of transmit data to be transmitted through free-space optical communication, and interleaves the transmit data based on the determined interleaving length, and a shaping unit that shapes the interleaved transmit data so as to make the interleaving length detectable on a receiving side of the free-space optical communication. | 1. A communication device comprising:
an interleaving unit configured to determine an interleaving length of transmit data to be transmitted through free-space optical communication, and interleave the transmit data based on the determined interleaving length; and a shaping unit configured to shape the interleaved transmit data so as to make the interleaving length detectable on a receiving side of the free-space optical communication. 2. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein the shaping unit is configured to shape the interleaved transmit data based on a data format configured to make the interleaving length detectable on the receiving side of the free-space optical communication. 3. The communication device according to claim 2, wherein
the data format is such that the transmit data includes synchronization codes, and the shaping unit is configured to dispose at least two types of the synchronization codes in the transmit data so as to make the interleaving length detectable on the receiving side of the free-space optical communication. 4. The communication device according to claim 3, wherein the shaping unit is configured to dispose either of a first synchronization code representing a start point or an end point of the interleaving and a second synchronization code representing a continuation point of the interleaving at intervals of a predetermined data length based on the determined interleaving length. 5. The communication device according to claim 4, wherein
the data format is a block format including one or a plurality of data blocks, the block format includes the data block or blocks each with a synchronization code disposed at a block boundary thereof, and the shaping unit is configured to dispose either of the first synchronization code and the second synchronization code at the block boundary based on the determined interleaving length. 6. The communication device according to claim 5, wherein the block format is a format including an error correction block encoded using a block code. 7. The communication device according to claim 6, wherein the block format is a format including an error correction block encoded using a product code. 8. The communication device according to claim 7, wherein the block format is a format including an error correction block encoded using a Reed-Solomon product code. 9. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein the interleaving unit is configured to determine the interleaving length based on information on a transmission path of the free-space optical communication used for transmitting the transmit data. 10. The communication device according to claim 9, wherein the interleaving unit is configured to determine the interleaving length based on information indicating at least whether the free-space optical communication is communication performed between a ground station and a satellite station, or communication performed between the satellite stations. 11. The communication device according to claim 9, wherein the interleaving unit is configured to determine the interleaving length based on information on an error rate during the communication with the receiving side of the free-space optical communication. 12. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein
the transmit data includes, in addition to first data serving as payload data, second data used for exchanging control information between communication devices for the free-space optical communication, and the interleaving unit is configured to determine the interleaving length based on the second data. 13. A communication device comprising:
a detection unit configured to detect an interleaving length of received data that has been received through free-space optical communication and has been shaped such that the interleaving length is detectable therefrom; and a deinterleaving unit configured to deinterleave the received data based on the detected interleaving length. 14. A communication method comprising:
determining an interleaving length of transmit data to be transmitted through free-space optical communication; interleaving the transmit data at the determined interleaving length; and shaping the interleaved transmit data so as to make the interleaving length detectable on a receiving side of the free-space optical communication. 15. A communication program for causing a computer to function as:
an interleaving unit that determines an interleaving length of transmit data to be transmitted through free-space optical communication, and interleaves the transmit data at the determined interleaving length; and a shaping unit that shapes the interleaved transmit data so as to make the interleaving length detectable on a receiving side of the free-space optical communication. | A communication device includes an interleaving unit that determines an interleaving length of transmit data to be transmitted through free-space optical communication, and interleaves the transmit data based on the determined interleaving length, and a shaping unit that shapes the interleaved transmit data so as to make the interleaving length detectable on a receiving side of the free-space optical communication.1. A communication device comprising:
an interleaving unit configured to determine an interleaving length of transmit data to be transmitted through free-space optical communication, and interleave the transmit data based on the determined interleaving length; and a shaping unit configured to shape the interleaved transmit data so as to make the interleaving length detectable on a receiving side of the free-space optical communication. 2. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein the shaping unit is configured to shape the interleaved transmit data based on a data format configured to make the interleaving length detectable on the receiving side of the free-space optical communication. 3. The communication device according to claim 2, wherein
the data format is such that the transmit data includes synchronization codes, and the shaping unit is configured to dispose at least two types of the synchronization codes in the transmit data so as to make the interleaving length detectable on the receiving side of the free-space optical communication. 4. The communication device according to claim 3, wherein the shaping unit is configured to dispose either of a first synchronization code representing a start point or an end point of the interleaving and a second synchronization code representing a continuation point of the interleaving at intervals of a predetermined data length based on the determined interleaving length. 5. The communication device according to claim 4, wherein
the data format is a block format including one or a plurality of data blocks, the block format includes the data block or blocks each with a synchronization code disposed at a block boundary thereof, and the shaping unit is configured to dispose either of the first synchronization code and the second synchronization code at the block boundary based on the determined interleaving length. 6. The communication device according to claim 5, wherein the block format is a format including an error correction block encoded using a block code. 7. The communication device according to claim 6, wherein the block format is a format including an error correction block encoded using a product code. 8. The communication device according to claim 7, wherein the block format is a format including an error correction block encoded using a Reed-Solomon product code. 9. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein the interleaving unit is configured to determine the interleaving length based on information on a transmission path of the free-space optical communication used for transmitting the transmit data. 10. The communication device according to claim 9, wherein the interleaving unit is configured to determine the interleaving length based on information indicating at least whether the free-space optical communication is communication performed between a ground station and a satellite station, or communication performed between the satellite stations. 11. The communication device according to claim 9, wherein the interleaving unit is configured to determine the interleaving length based on information on an error rate during the communication with the receiving side of the free-space optical communication. 12. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein
the transmit data includes, in addition to first data serving as payload data, second data used for exchanging control information between communication devices for the free-space optical communication, and the interleaving unit is configured to determine the interleaving length based on the second data. 13. A communication device comprising:
a detection unit configured to detect an interleaving length of received data that has been received through free-space optical communication and has been shaped such that the interleaving length is detectable therefrom; and a deinterleaving unit configured to deinterleave the received data based on the detected interleaving length. 14. A communication method comprising:
determining an interleaving length of transmit data to be transmitted through free-space optical communication; interleaving the transmit data at the determined interleaving length; and shaping the interleaved transmit data so as to make the interleaving length detectable on a receiving side of the free-space optical communication. 15. A communication program for causing a computer to function as:
an interleaving unit that determines an interleaving length of transmit data to be transmitted through free-space optical communication, and interleaves the transmit data at the determined interleaving length; and a shaping unit that shapes the interleaved transmit data so as to make the interleaving length detectable on a receiving side of the free-space optical communication. | 2,800 |
340,891 | 16,801,174 | 2,498 | A system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding, comprises a photon production sub-system, a transmission channel sub-system, and a data encoding sub-system. The transmission channel sub-system makes use of the combination of quantum state vectors derived from the photon production sub-system for optical communication with quantum key. The data encoding sub-system includes a plurality of dynamic data encoding modules, and at least one of these modules performs to express the quantum key with bases in an individual Hilbert Space, and divides the transmitting data into segments for data encoding with the individual space bases. In addition to the use in data encoding, the sub-system can also improve the signal-decays and the eavesdropping issue within the quantum channel via implementation of the Laplace Transformation unit and the Quantum Fourier Transformation unit. | 1. A system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding, the system comprising:
a) a photon production sub-system, for deriving useful photons continuously including:
1) a quantum beam source generator with frequency adjustment function;
2) a photon production module, connecting to the quantum beam source generator, being capable of deriving a series of photons with different combinations of quantum states by configuring multiple property parameters; and
3) a plurality set of quantum-state measurement module, being capable of confirming the quantum states for the photons derived from the photon production module and the quantum beam source generator;
b) a transmission channel sub-system, for generating quantum key with the combination of quantum state vectors derived from the photon production sub-system, including:
1) a single photon output unit;
2) a quantum teleportation channel, coupled to the single photon output unit; and
3) a key generator module, coupled to the single photon output unit and the quantum teleportation channel, for optical communication with quantum key; and
c) a data encoding sub-system including a plurality of dynamic data encoding module for data encoding with input parameters regarding the combination of quantum states, wherein the dynamic data encoding modules, at least one dynamic data encoding module performs to express the quantum key with bases in an individual Hilbert Space, and divides the transmitting data into segments for data encoding with individual space bases. 2. The system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding according to claim 1, wherein the quantum beam source generator comprises a first sub-unit to perform the frequency adjustment function at least in a range with a full set of energy levels for a specific frequency spectrum and to generate Continuous-Variable entanglement photon beam based on user's configuration. 3. The system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding according to claim 2, wherein the quantum beam source generator comprises a second sub-unit in advance for making use of some selected quantum states to come out the combination of quantum state vector expressed in a Hilbert Space. 4. The system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding according to claim 3, wherein the quantum beam source generator comprises a third sub-unit in advance for performing wave function computing process according to a corresponding frequency. 5. The system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding according to claim 1, wherein the key generator module comprises:
a transmission unit for photons with shared entanglement; and a quantum-refereed unit, coupled to the transmission unit for photons with shared entanglement. 6. The system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding according to claim 5, wherein the transmission channel sub-system comprises: a steering unit for multiple photons, and a decoding unit for multiple photons;
here the steering unit for multiple photons which is not only for quantum steering but also comprises the following components for enhancement:
a quantum channel identification component, wherein the identification component encrypts and transmit the identity code with the quantum key for both transceiver side and receiver side, and performs authentication process for data transmission via the quantum teleportation channel;
a superdense coding component for multiple photons to generate a superdense photon entanglement configuration;
a computing component for Pauli Matrices wherein this component performs to transfer the superdense photon entanglement configuration to an expression in the type of Pauli Matrices;
a detector component of encoding type wherein this component performs to get the encoding information based on the decrypted result of the encoded raw data, and then helps the receiver to detect the data encoding type of the quantum teleportation channel; and
a One-Hot encoding controller component for assuring that each identity code for the quantum teleportation channel is in the type of One-Hot encoding. 7. The system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic data encoding module comprises:
a Hilbert Space transformation unit. 8. The system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding according to claim 7, wherein the data encoding sub-system further comprises:
a Laplace Transformation unit; and a Quantum Fourier Transformation unit; wherein the Laplace Transformation unit and the Quantum Fourier Transformation unit are shared with a plurality of the dynamic data encoding modules. 9. The system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding according to claim 1, wherein the single photon output unit includes a silicon or compound based integrated-circuit component with single photon conduction function, performing to degenerate or renormalize the energy level of artificial quantum orbits according to the configuration of the required computing complexity. 10. The system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding according to claim 1, wherein the photon production module is capable of providing at least 12 kinds of basis in a Hilbert Space as the data encoding operator. | A system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding, comprises a photon production sub-system, a transmission channel sub-system, and a data encoding sub-system. The transmission channel sub-system makes use of the combination of quantum state vectors derived from the photon production sub-system for optical communication with quantum key. The data encoding sub-system includes a plurality of dynamic data encoding modules, and at least one of these modules performs to express the quantum key with bases in an individual Hilbert Space, and divides the transmitting data into segments for data encoding with the individual space bases. In addition to the use in data encoding, the sub-system can also improve the signal-decays and the eavesdropping issue within the quantum channel via implementation of the Laplace Transformation unit and the Quantum Fourier Transformation unit.1. A system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding, the system comprising:
a) a photon production sub-system, for deriving useful photons continuously including:
1) a quantum beam source generator with frequency adjustment function;
2) a photon production module, connecting to the quantum beam source generator, being capable of deriving a series of photons with different combinations of quantum states by configuring multiple property parameters; and
3) a plurality set of quantum-state measurement module, being capable of confirming the quantum states for the photons derived from the photon production module and the quantum beam source generator;
b) a transmission channel sub-system, for generating quantum key with the combination of quantum state vectors derived from the photon production sub-system, including:
1) a single photon output unit;
2) a quantum teleportation channel, coupled to the single photon output unit; and
3) a key generator module, coupled to the single photon output unit and the quantum teleportation channel, for optical communication with quantum key; and
c) a data encoding sub-system including a plurality of dynamic data encoding module for data encoding with input parameters regarding the combination of quantum states, wherein the dynamic data encoding modules, at least one dynamic data encoding module performs to express the quantum key with bases in an individual Hilbert Space, and divides the transmitting data into segments for data encoding with individual space bases. 2. The system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding according to claim 1, wherein the quantum beam source generator comprises a first sub-unit to perform the frequency adjustment function at least in a range with a full set of energy levels for a specific frequency spectrum and to generate Continuous-Variable entanglement photon beam based on user's configuration. 3. The system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding according to claim 2, wherein the quantum beam source generator comprises a second sub-unit in advance for making use of some selected quantum states to come out the combination of quantum state vector expressed in a Hilbert Space. 4. The system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding according to claim 3, wherein the quantum beam source generator comprises a third sub-unit in advance for performing wave function computing process according to a corresponding frequency. 5. The system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding according to claim 1, wherein the key generator module comprises:
a transmission unit for photons with shared entanglement; and a quantum-refereed unit, coupled to the transmission unit for photons with shared entanglement. 6. The system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding according to claim 5, wherein the transmission channel sub-system comprises: a steering unit for multiple photons, and a decoding unit for multiple photons;
here the steering unit for multiple photons which is not only for quantum steering but also comprises the following components for enhancement:
a quantum channel identification component, wherein the identification component encrypts and transmit the identity code with the quantum key for both transceiver side and receiver side, and performs authentication process for data transmission via the quantum teleportation channel;
a superdense coding component for multiple photons to generate a superdense photon entanglement configuration;
a computing component for Pauli Matrices wherein this component performs to transfer the superdense photon entanglement configuration to an expression in the type of Pauli Matrices;
a detector component of encoding type wherein this component performs to get the encoding information based on the decrypted result of the encoded raw data, and then helps the receiver to detect the data encoding type of the quantum teleportation channel; and
a One-Hot encoding controller component for assuring that each identity code for the quantum teleportation channel is in the type of One-Hot encoding. 7. The system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic data encoding module comprises:
a Hilbert Space transformation unit. 8. The system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding according to claim 7, wherein the data encoding sub-system further comprises:
a Laplace Transformation unit; and a Quantum Fourier Transformation unit; wherein the Laplace Transformation unit and the Quantum Fourier Transformation unit are shared with a plurality of the dynamic data encoding modules. 9. The system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding according to claim 1, wherein the single photon output unit includes a silicon or compound based integrated-circuit component with single photon conduction function, performing to degenerate or renormalize the energy level of artificial quantum orbits according to the configuration of the required computing complexity. 10. The system for use in quantum encryption, decryption, and encoding according to claim 1, wherein the photon production module is capable of providing at least 12 kinds of basis in a Hilbert Space as the data encoding operator. | 2,400 |
340,892 | 16,801,190 | 2,834 | Provided is an electric tool in which the risk of short-circuiting between conductive members of multiple installed switching elements has been reduced by providing partitioning plates between the switching elements. An electric tool, which has a motor, an inverter circuit with multiple switching elements for performing switching operations and controlling the driving of the motor, a control unit for controlling switching element on-off operations, and a circuit board on which the switching elements are loaded, is configured so that the circuit board is housed inside a container-shaped case (40) and the circuit board is secured with a partitioning member (50) that is interposed between the multiple switching elements and has partitioning plates (51, 52a, 52b) obtained from an insulating material. | 1. An electric tool comprising:
a motor; a housing which accommodates the motor; a spindle which is configured to protrude from the housing and to which a tip tool is detachable; an inverter circuit which has a plurality of switching elements, performs a switching operation, and controls a driving of the motor; a controller which controls an ON/OFF operation of the plurality of switching elements; a circuit substrate in which the plurality of switching elements are loaded; and a case which accommodates the circuit substrate, wherein a resin is filled in an inside of the case; wherein when the spindle protrudes downwardly, the plurality of switching elements are located under the circuit substrate, and an opening direction of the case is downward. 2. The electric tool according to claim 1,
wherein a portion of the plurality of switching elements is covered by the resin and another portion of the plurality of switching elements is positioned outside the resin. 3. The electric tool according to claim 2,
wherein in each of the plurality of switching elements, at least a terminal part of each of the plurality of switching elements is covered with the resin. 4. The electric tool according to claim 2,
wherein the housing has an intake port for taking in outside air, and a fan for taking in air through the intake port and causing a cooling air to flow into the housing, wherein a metal plate for heat radiation is connected to the plurality of switching elements, and the metal plate is directly exposed to the cooling air. 5. The electric tool according to claim 1, further comprising:
a smoothing circuit which has a capacitor is disposed on the circuit substrate, wherein the capacitor is connected to the circuit substrate by using an extension wire and fixed in an inside of the housing. 6. The electric tool according to claim 5,
wherein the capacitor is fixed in the case by the resin filled inside the case. 7. The electric tool according to claim 1,
wherein each of the plurality of switching elements has a rear surface which is connected to a heat radiation member and a front surface which is opposite to the rear surface, wherein the plurality of switching elements are disposed in a manner that three switching elements and other three switching elements are respectively arranged in lines in an axial direction of the electric tool with the front surfaces of the three switching elements facing to the front surfaces of the other three switching elements. 8. The electric tool according to claim 1,
wherein a trigger switch which transmits an activation signal for activating the motor to the controller is disposed in the circuit substrate. 9. The electric tool according to claim 1,
wherein the spindle protrudes in a protruding direction which is parallel to the opening direction. 10. The electric tool according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of switching elements are loaded on a surface of the circuit substrate and face downward. 11. The electric tool according to claim 1,
wherein the housing has an intake port for taking in outside air, and a fan for taking in air through the intake port and causing a cooling air to flow into the housing, the housing has a case accommodation part, and the cooling air flows only in lower side in the case accommodation part. | Provided is an electric tool in which the risk of short-circuiting between conductive members of multiple installed switching elements has been reduced by providing partitioning plates between the switching elements. An electric tool, which has a motor, an inverter circuit with multiple switching elements for performing switching operations and controlling the driving of the motor, a control unit for controlling switching element on-off operations, and a circuit board on which the switching elements are loaded, is configured so that the circuit board is housed inside a container-shaped case (40) and the circuit board is secured with a partitioning member (50) that is interposed between the multiple switching elements and has partitioning plates (51, 52a, 52b) obtained from an insulating material.1. An electric tool comprising:
a motor; a housing which accommodates the motor; a spindle which is configured to protrude from the housing and to which a tip tool is detachable; an inverter circuit which has a plurality of switching elements, performs a switching operation, and controls a driving of the motor; a controller which controls an ON/OFF operation of the plurality of switching elements; a circuit substrate in which the plurality of switching elements are loaded; and a case which accommodates the circuit substrate, wherein a resin is filled in an inside of the case; wherein when the spindle protrudes downwardly, the plurality of switching elements are located under the circuit substrate, and an opening direction of the case is downward. 2. The electric tool according to claim 1,
wherein a portion of the plurality of switching elements is covered by the resin and another portion of the plurality of switching elements is positioned outside the resin. 3. The electric tool according to claim 2,
wherein in each of the plurality of switching elements, at least a terminal part of each of the plurality of switching elements is covered with the resin. 4. The electric tool according to claim 2,
wherein the housing has an intake port for taking in outside air, and a fan for taking in air through the intake port and causing a cooling air to flow into the housing, wherein a metal plate for heat radiation is connected to the plurality of switching elements, and the metal plate is directly exposed to the cooling air. 5. The electric tool according to claim 1, further comprising:
a smoothing circuit which has a capacitor is disposed on the circuit substrate, wherein the capacitor is connected to the circuit substrate by using an extension wire and fixed in an inside of the housing. 6. The electric tool according to claim 5,
wherein the capacitor is fixed in the case by the resin filled inside the case. 7. The electric tool according to claim 1,
wherein each of the plurality of switching elements has a rear surface which is connected to a heat radiation member and a front surface which is opposite to the rear surface, wherein the plurality of switching elements are disposed in a manner that three switching elements and other three switching elements are respectively arranged in lines in an axial direction of the electric tool with the front surfaces of the three switching elements facing to the front surfaces of the other three switching elements. 8. The electric tool according to claim 1,
wherein a trigger switch which transmits an activation signal for activating the motor to the controller is disposed in the circuit substrate. 9. The electric tool according to claim 1,
wherein the spindle protrudes in a protruding direction which is parallel to the opening direction. 10. The electric tool according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of switching elements are loaded on a surface of the circuit substrate and face downward. 11. The electric tool according to claim 1,
wherein the housing has an intake port for taking in outside air, and a fan for taking in air through the intake port and causing a cooling air to flow into the housing, the housing has a case accommodation part, and the cooling air flows only in lower side in the case accommodation part. | 2,800 |
340,893 | 16,801,176 | 2,658 | Disclosed are various approaches for assisting a user with skill or application discovery in a voice assistant device. By assisting the user in this way, avoiding the launching of malicious skills or applications can also be avoided. Additionally, restricting launching of applications to particular users or particular voice assistant devices can also be accomplished. | 1. A system for authenticating a user with a service account through a voice assistant, comprising:
at least one computing device; at least one application that, when executed by the at least one computing device, causes the at least one computing device to at least:
obtain a request for data associated with a user account on behalf of a voice assistant, the request received on behalf of a first application implemented in the voice assistant;
obtain a speech to text representation of the representation of the request for data;
identify a second application implemented in the voice assistant from which the data can be obtained;
generate a redirection to the second application; and
cause the voice assistant to play the redirection to the second application. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one application generates the redirection to the second application by launching the second application in the voice assistant on behalf of the user. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the at least one application generates the redirection by:
obtaining an authentication token associated with a service endpoint corresponding to the second application; and authenticating the voice assistant in the service endpoint on behalf of the second application using the authentication token. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the at least one application obtains the authentication token in response to a previous authentication of a user account with an identity manager through the first application, wherein the service endpoint federates user authentication of the user account to the identity manager. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one application identifies the second application by identifying a phrase matching a portion of the speech to text representation in a lookup table. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein at least one application identifies the second application by identifying an application associated with the request to which the user account is authorized to access. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein at least one application identifies the second application by identifying an application associated with the request to which the device assistant is authorized to access. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising machine-readable instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by at least one processor, cause a computing device to at least:
obtain a request for data associated with a user account on behalf of a voice assistant, the request received on behalf of a first application implemented in the voice assistant;
obtain a speech to text representation of the representation of the request for data;
identify a second application implemented in the voice assistant from which the data can be obtained;
generate a redirection to the second application; and 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the instructions generate the redirection to the second application by launching the second application in the voice assistant on behalf of the user. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the instructions generate the redirection by:
obtaining an authentication token associated with a service endpoint corresponding to the second application; and authenticating the voice assistant in the service endpoint on behalf of the second application using the authentication token. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the instructions obtain the authentication token in response to a previous authentication of a user account with an identity manager through the first application, wherein the service endpoint federates user authentication of the user account to the identity manager. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the instructions identify the second application by identifying a phrase matching a portion of the speech to text representation in a lookup table. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the instructions identify the second application by identifying an application associated with the request to which the user account is authorized to access. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the instructions identify the second application by identifying an application associated with the request to which the device assistant is authorized to access. 15. A method comprising:
obtaining a request for data associated with a user account on behalf of a voice assistant, the request received on behalf of a first application implemented in the voice assistant; obtaining a speech to text representation of the representation of the request for data; identifying a second application implemented in the voice assistant from which the data can be obtained; generating a redirection to the second application; and causing the voice assistant to play the redirection to the second application. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein generating the redirection to the second application further comprises launching the second application in the voice assistant on behalf of the user. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein generating the redirection further comprises:
obtaining an authentication token associated with a service endpoint corresponding to the second application; and authenticating the voice assistant in the service endpoint on behalf of the second application using the authentication token. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising obtaining the authentication token in response to a previous authentication of a user account with an identity manager through the first application, wherein the service endpoint federates user authentication of the user account to the identity manager. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising identifying the second application by identifying a phrase matching a portion of the speech to text representation in a lookup table. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising identifying the second application by identifying an application associated with the request to which the user account or the voice assistant are authorized to access. | Disclosed are various approaches for assisting a user with skill or application discovery in a voice assistant device. By assisting the user in this way, avoiding the launching of malicious skills or applications can also be avoided. Additionally, restricting launching of applications to particular users or particular voice assistant devices can also be accomplished.1. A system for authenticating a user with a service account through a voice assistant, comprising:
at least one computing device; at least one application that, when executed by the at least one computing device, causes the at least one computing device to at least:
obtain a request for data associated with a user account on behalf of a voice assistant, the request received on behalf of a first application implemented in the voice assistant;
obtain a speech to text representation of the representation of the request for data;
identify a second application implemented in the voice assistant from which the data can be obtained;
generate a redirection to the second application; and
cause the voice assistant to play the redirection to the second application. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one application generates the redirection to the second application by launching the second application in the voice assistant on behalf of the user. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the at least one application generates the redirection by:
obtaining an authentication token associated with a service endpoint corresponding to the second application; and authenticating the voice assistant in the service endpoint on behalf of the second application using the authentication token. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the at least one application obtains the authentication token in response to a previous authentication of a user account with an identity manager through the first application, wherein the service endpoint federates user authentication of the user account to the identity manager. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one application identifies the second application by identifying a phrase matching a portion of the speech to text representation in a lookup table. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein at least one application identifies the second application by identifying an application associated with the request to which the user account is authorized to access. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein at least one application identifies the second application by identifying an application associated with the request to which the device assistant is authorized to access. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising machine-readable instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by at least one processor, cause a computing device to at least:
obtain a request for data associated with a user account on behalf of a voice assistant, the request received on behalf of a first application implemented in the voice assistant;
obtain a speech to text representation of the representation of the request for data;
identify a second application implemented in the voice assistant from which the data can be obtained;
generate a redirection to the second application; and 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the instructions generate the redirection to the second application by launching the second application in the voice assistant on behalf of the user. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the instructions generate the redirection by:
obtaining an authentication token associated with a service endpoint corresponding to the second application; and authenticating the voice assistant in the service endpoint on behalf of the second application using the authentication token. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the instructions obtain the authentication token in response to a previous authentication of a user account with an identity manager through the first application, wherein the service endpoint federates user authentication of the user account to the identity manager. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the instructions identify the second application by identifying a phrase matching a portion of the speech to text representation in a lookup table. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the instructions identify the second application by identifying an application associated with the request to which the user account is authorized to access. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the instructions identify the second application by identifying an application associated with the request to which the device assistant is authorized to access. 15. A method comprising:
obtaining a request for data associated with a user account on behalf of a voice assistant, the request received on behalf of a first application implemented in the voice assistant; obtaining a speech to text representation of the representation of the request for data; identifying a second application implemented in the voice assistant from which the data can be obtained; generating a redirection to the second application; and causing the voice assistant to play the redirection to the second application. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein generating the redirection to the second application further comprises launching the second application in the voice assistant on behalf of the user. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein generating the redirection further comprises:
obtaining an authentication token associated with a service endpoint corresponding to the second application; and authenticating the voice assistant in the service endpoint on behalf of the second application using the authentication token. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising obtaining the authentication token in response to a previous authentication of a user account with an identity manager through the first application, wherein the service endpoint federates user authentication of the user account to the identity manager. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising identifying the second application by identifying a phrase matching a portion of the speech to text representation in a lookup table. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising identifying the second application by identifying an application associated with the request to which the user account or the voice assistant are authorized to access. | 2,600 |
340,894 | 16,801,183 | 2,474 | Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to provide a custom installable open virtualization application file for on-premise installation via the cloud are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a resource processor to determine a resource capacity for an agent in a private cloud network; a file manipulator to modify an open virtualization appliance (OVA) file by modifying a descriptor file of the OVA file to configure the resource capacity for the agent in the private cloud network, the OVA file being deployed in a public cloud network; and a first interface to transmit an indication to a location of the modified OVA file to a user device, the location of the modified OVA file being the same location as the OVA file. | 1. An example apparatus comprising:
a resource processor to determine a resource capacity for an agent in a private cloud network; a file manipulator to modify an open virtualization appliance (OVA) file by modifying a descriptor file of the OVA file to configure the resource capacity for the agent in the private cloud network, the OVA file being deployed in a public cloud network; and a first interface to transmit an indication to a location of the modified OVA file to a user device, the location of the modified OVA file being the same location as the OVA file. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication to the location is provided to components of the private cloud network to initiate deployment of the agent in the private cloud network, the agent to include the resource capacity. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the agent is to interface with a software as a service (SaaS) application in the public cloud network. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the resource is at least one of a central processing unit or memory. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the file manipulator is to modify the OVA file by modifying the descriptor file of the descriptor file to include a secure key. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the agent in the private cloud network is to establish a connection to a SaaS application in the public cloud network using the secure key. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the first interface is to transmit a prompt to the user device; and the resource processor is to determine a capacity of the resource based on information received in a response to the prompt. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the response corresponds to a load of the agent. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, further including a second interface to obtain the OVA file from storage in the public cloud network. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first interface is the second interface. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein at least one of an administrator or a SaaS application stores the OVA file in the location and the second interface is to, after the OVA file was obtained from the location and modified, store the modified OVA file in the location where the OVA file was obtained. 12. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed, cause one or more processors to at least:
determine a resource capacity for an agent in a private cloud network; modify an open virtualization appliance (OVA) file by modifying a descriptor file of the OVA file to configure the resource capacity for the agent in the private cloud network, the OVA file being deployed in a public cloud network; and transmit an indication to a location of the modified OVA file to a user device, the location of the modified OVA file being the same location as the OVA file. 13. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the indication to the location is provided to components of the private cloud network to initiate deployment of the agent in the private cloud network, the agent including the resource capacity. 14. The computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the agent interfaces with a software as a service (SaaS) application in the public cloud network. 15. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the resource is at least one of a central processing unit or memory. 16. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to modify the OVA file by modifying the descriptor file of the descriptor file to include a secure key. 17. The computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the agent in the private cloud network establishes a connection to a SaaS application in the public cloud network using the secure key. 18. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to:
transmit a prompt to the user device; and determine a capacity of the resource based on information received in a response to the prompt. 19. The computer readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the response corresponds to a load of the agent. 20. An example apparatus comprising:
determining a resource capacity for an agent in a private cloud network; modifying an open virtualization appliance (OVA) file by modifying a descriptor file of the OVA file to configure the resource capacity for the agent in the private cloud network, the OVA file being deployed in a public cloud network; and transmitting an indication to a location of the modified OVA file to a user device, the location of the modified OVA file being the same location as the OVA file. | Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to provide a custom installable open virtualization application file for on-premise installation via the cloud are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a resource processor to determine a resource capacity for an agent in a private cloud network; a file manipulator to modify an open virtualization appliance (OVA) file by modifying a descriptor file of the OVA file to configure the resource capacity for the agent in the private cloud network, the OVA file being deployed in a public cloud network; and a first interface to transmit an indication to a location of the modified OVA file to a user device, the location of the modified OVA file being the same location as the OVA file.1. An example apparatus comprising:
a resource processor to determine a resource capacity for an agent in a private cloud network; a file manipulator to modify an open virtualization appliance (OVA) file by modifying a descriptor file of the OVA file to configure the resource capacity for the agent in the private cloud network, the OVA file being deployed in a public cloud network; and a first interface to transmit an indication to a location of the modified OVA file to a user device, the location of the modified OVA file being the same location as the OVA file. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication to the location is provided to components of the private cloud network to initiate deployment of the agent in the private cloud network, the agent to include the resource capacity. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the agent is to interface with a software as a service (SaaS) application in the public cloud network. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the resource is at least one of a central processing unit or memory. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the file manipulator is to modify the OVA file by modifying the descriptor file of the descriptor file to include a secure key. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the agent in the private cloud network is to establish a connection to a SaaS application in the public cloud network using the secure key. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the first interface is to transmit a prompt to the user device; and the resource processor is to determine a capacity of the resource based on information received in a response to the prompt. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the response corresponds to a load of the agent. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, further including a second interface to obtain the OVA file from storage in the public cloud network. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first interface is the second interface. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein at least one of an administrator or a SaaS application stores the OVA file in the location and the second interface is to, after the OVA file was obtained from the location and modified, store the modified OVA file in the location where the OVA file was obtained. 12. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed, cause one or more processors to at least:
determine a resource capacity for an agent in a private cloud network; modify an open virtualization appliance (OVA) file by modifying a descriptor file of the OVA file to configure the resource capacity for the agent in the private cloud network, the OVA file being deployed in a public cloud network; and transmit an indication to a location of the modified OVA file to a user device, the location of the modified OVA file being the same location as the OVA file. 13. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the indication to the location is provided to components of the private cloud network to initiate deployment of the agent in the private cloud network, the agent including the resource capacity. 14. The computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the agent interfaces with a software as a service (SaaS) application in the public cloud network. 15. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the resource is at least one of a central processing unit or memory. 16. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to modify the OVA file by modifying the descriptor file of the descriptor file to include a secure key. 17. The computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the agent in the private cloud network establishes a connection to a SaaS application in the public cloud network using the secure key. 18. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to:
transmit a prompt to the user device; and determine a capacity of the resource based on information received in a response to the prompt. 19. The computer readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the response corresponds to a load of the agent. 20. An example apparatus comprising:
determining a resource capacity for an agent in a private cloud network; modifying an open virtualization appliance (OVA) file by modifying a descriptor file of the OVA file to configure the resource capacity for the agent in the private cloud network, the OVA file being deployed in a public cloud network; and transmitting an indication to a location of the modified OVA file to a user device, the location of the modified OVA file being the same location as the OVA file. | 2,400 |
340,895 | 16,801,179 | 2,474 | A method for the estimation of trace amounts of Bisphenol A (BPA) in accordance with the present invention comprises reacting a sample containing BPA with a filter paper strip soaked in ferric agent(s), using an image processing software for measuring the mean Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) values, and calculating the amount of BPA using the algorithm in an open-source machine learning and data mining tool. | 1. A method for estimating low levels of Bisphenol A (BPA) contained in a sample, said method comprising:
a) taking a sample of an aqueous solution comprising BPA; b) dipping a filter paper in a mixture of ferric agent(s); c) adding a drop of the said aqueous solution comprising BPA; d) capturing the image of the filter paper using a mobile phone; e) uploading the image into the image processing software available on the mobile phone; f) processing the uploaded image to obtain the mean Red, Green and Blue (RGB) values of each image; and g) estimating the BPA concentration using a data mining tool. 2. The method for estimating low levels of Bisphenol A (BPA) contained in a sample according to claim 1, wherein the ferric agent(s) are selected from the group comprising of potassium ferricyanide, ferric chloride, ferric nitrate, and combinations thereof. 3. The method for estimating low levels of Bisphenol A (BPA) contained in a sample according to claim 1, wherein the image processing software is Image J. 4. The method for estimating low levels of Bisphenol A (BPA) contained in a sample according to claim 1, wherein the data mining tool is Orange. | A method for the estimation of trace amounts of Bisphenol A (BPA) in accordance with the present invention comprises reacting a sample containing BPA with a filter paper strip soaked in ferric agent(s), using an image processing software for measuring the mean Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) values, and calculating the amount of BPA using the algorithm in an open-source machine learning and data mining tool.1. A method for estimating low levels of Bisphenol A (BPA) contained in a sample, said method comprising:
a) taking a sample of an aqueous solution comprising BPA; b) dipping a filter paper in a mixture of ferric agent(s); c) adding a drop of the said aqueous solution comprising BPA; d) capturing the image of the filter paper using a mobile phone; e) uploading the image into the image processing software available on the mobile phone; f) processing the uploaded image to obtain the mean Red, Green and Blue (RGB) values of each image; and g) estimating the BPA concentration using a data mining tool. 2. The method for estimating low levels of Bisphenol A (BPA) contained in a sample according to claim 1, wherein the ferric agent(s) are selected from the group comprising of potassium ferricyanide, ferric chloride, ferric nitrate, and combinations thereof. 3. The method for estimating low levels of Bisphenol A (BPA) contained in a sample according to claim 1, wherein the image processing software is Image J. 4. The method for estimating low levels of Bisphenol A (BPA) contained in a sample according to claim 1, wherein the data mining tool is Orange. | 2,400 |
340,896 | 16,801,167 | 2,474 | Methods and systems for determination of warpage in a workpiece supported by a non-contact support platform, including a surface with a plurality of pressure ports and a plurality of fluid evacuation ports on the surface, a supply system with a pressure supply connected to the plurality of pressure ports on the surface and configured to supply pressure at a substantially constant level and cause a fluid to flow out of the plurality of pressure ports, so as to support a workpiece by fluid-bearing formed under the workpiece, and at least one flowmeter, coupled to a controller and configured to measure the flowrate at the surface, wherein the workpiece is determined to be warped when the measured flowrate is outside a predefined flowrate range. | 1. A system for determination of warpage in a workpiece supported by a non-contact support platform, the system comprising:
a surface comprising a plurality of pressure ports and a plurality of fluid evacuation ports on the surface; a supply system, comprising a pressure supply connected to the plurality of pressure ports on the surface and configured to supply pressure at a substantially constant level and cause a fluid to flow out of the plurality of pressure ports, so as to support a workpiece by fluid-bearing formed under the workpiece; and at least one flowmeter, coupled to a controller and configured to measure the flowrate at the surface, wherein the workpiece is determined to be warped when the measured flowrate is outside a predefined flowrate range. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the supply system further comprises a vacuum source connected to the plurality of evacuation ports to cause flow of the fluid into the plurality of evacuation ports. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein at least one of the pressure ports and the evacuation ports corresponds to a flow restrictor. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising at least one manometer coupled to the controller and configured to measure pressure at the non-contact support platform. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one flowmeter is positioned on a line supplying a region of the surface, and wherein the workpiece is determined to be warped in the area supplied by the line which the flowmeter is measuring. 6. A system for determination of warpage in a workpiece supported by a non-contact support platform, the system comprising:
a surface comprising a plurality of pressure ports and a plurality of fluid evacuation ports on the surface; a supply system, comprising a pressure supply connected to the plurality of pressure ports on the surface and configured to maintain a substantially constant flowrate and evacuate a fluid into the plurality of evacuation ports, so as to support a workpiece by fluid-bearing formed under the workpiece; and at least one manometer, coupled to a controller and configured to measure the pressure at the surface, wherein the workpiece is determined to be warped when the measured pressure is outside a predefined pressure level. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the supply system further comprises a vacuum source connected to the plurality of evacuation ports to cause the fluid to flow out of the plurality of evacuation ports. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the pressure ports and the evacuation ports corresponds to a flow restrictor. 9. The system of claim 6, further comprising at least one flowmeter coupled to the controller and configured to measure flowrate at the surface. 10. The system of claim 6, wherein the at least one manometer is positioned in at least a portion of the non-contact support platform, and wherein the workpiece is determined to be warped in an area corresponding to the position of the at least one manometer. 11. A system for determination of warpage in a workpiece supported by a non-contact support platform, the system comprising:
a surface comprising a plurality of pressure ports and a plurality of fluid evacuation ports on the surface; a supply system, having known relationship between pressure and flowrate for a flat supported workpiece, the supply system comprising a pressure supply connected to the plurality of pressure ports on the surface and configured to supply pressure and cause a fluid to flow out of the plurality of pressure ports, so as to support a workpiece by fluid-bearing formed under the workpiece; and at least one flowmeter or at least one manometer, coupled to a controller and configured to measure the flowrate or the pressure in the supply system or at the surface, wherein the workpiece is determined to be warped when the measured flowrate or pressure is outside a predefined range. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one manometer is positioned in at least a portion of the non-contact support platform, and wherein the workpiece is determined to be warped in an area corresponding to the position of the at least one manometer. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the supply system further comprises a vacuum source connected to the plurality of evacuation ports to cause flow of the fluid into the plurality of evacuation ports. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein at least one of the pressure ports and the evacuation ports corresponds to a flow restrictor. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one flowmeter is positioned on a line supplying a region of the surface, and wherein the workpiece is determined to be warped in the area supplied by the line which the flowmeter is measuring. 16. A method of determining warpage in a workpiece supported by a non-contact support platform, the method comprising:
supporting, by the non-contact support platform, the workpiece with a flow of a fluid through a plurality of ports by fluid-bearing formed under the workpiece; measuring at least one of: flowrate by at least one flowmeter, and pressure by at least one manometer; and determining that the workpiece is warped when the measured flowrate or pressure is outside a predefined range. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the supply system is configured to apply pressure to cause flow of the fluid into a first subset of the plurality of ports, and wherein the supply system is configured to apply vacuum to cause flow of the fluid into a second subset of the plurality of ports. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the flowrate is measured by at least one flowmeter, and wherein the workpiece is determined to have warpage in an area corresponding to the position of the at least one flowmeter. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the pressure is measured by the at least one manometer, and wherein the workpiece is determined to be warped in an area corresponding to the position of the at least one manometer. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the non-contact support platform has a known relationship between pressure and flowrate for a flat supported workpiece. | Methods and systems for determination of warpage in a workpiece supported by a non-contact support platform, including a surface with a plurality of pressure ports and a plurality of fluid evacuation ports on the surface, a supply system with a pressure supply connected to the plurality of pressure ports on the surface and configured to supply pressure at a substantially constant level and cause a fluid to flow out of the plurality of pressure ports, so as to support a workpiece by fluid-bearing formed under the workpiece, and at least one flowmeter, coupled to a controller and configured to measure the flowrate at the surface, wherein the workpiece is determined to be warped when the measured flowrate is outside a predefined flowrate range.1. A system for determination of warpage in a workpiece supported by a non-contact support platform, the system comprising:
a surface comprising a plurality of pressure ports and a plurality of fluid evacuation ports on the surface; a supply system, comprising a pressure supply connected to the plurality of pressure ports on the surface and configured to supply pressure at a substantially constant level and cause a fluid to flow out of the plurality of pressure ports, so as to support a workpiece by fluid-bearing formed under the workpiece; and at least one flowmeter, coupled to a controller and configured to measure the flowrate at the surface, wherein the workpiece is determined to be warped when the measured flowrate is outside a predefined flowrate range. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the supply system further comprises a vacuum source connected to the plurality of evacuation ports to cause flow of the fluid into the plurality of evacuation ports. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein at least one of the pressure ports and the evacuation ports corresponds to a flow restrictor. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising at least one manometer coupled to the controller and configured to measure pressure at the non-contact support platform. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one flowmeter is positioned on a line supplying a region of the surface, and wherein the workpiece is determined to be warped in the area supplied by the line which the flowmeter is measuring. 6. A system for determination of warpage in a workpiece supported by a non-contact support platform, the system comprising:
a surface comprising a plurality of pressure ports and a plurality of fluid evacuation ports on the surface; a supply system, comprising a pressure supply connected to the plurality of pressure ports on the surface and configured to maintain a substantially constant flowrate and evacuate a fluid into the plurality of evacuation ports, so as to support a workpiece by fluid-bearing formed under the workpiece; and at least one manometer, coupled to a controller and configured to measure the pressure at the surface, wherein the workpiece is determined to be warped when the measured pressure is outside a predefined pressure level. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the supply system further comprises a vacuum source connected to the plurality of evacuation ports to cause the fluid to flow out of the plurality of evacuation ports. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the pressure ports and the evacuation ports corresponds to a flow restrictor. 9. The system of claim 6, further comprising at least one flowmeter coupled to the controller and configured to measure flowrate at the surface. 10. The system of claim 6, wherein the at least one manometer is positioned in at least a portion of the non-contact support platform, and wherein the workpiece is determined to be warped in an area corresponding to the position of the at least one manometer. 11. A system for determination of warpage in a workpiece supported by a non-contact support platform, the system comprising:
a surface comprising a plurality of pressure ports and a plurality of fluid evacuation ports on the surface; a supply system, having known relationship between pressure and flowrate for a flat supported workpiece, the supply system comprising a pressure supply connected to the plurality of pressure ports on the surface and configured to supply pressure and cause a fluid to flow out of the plurality of pressure ports, so as to support a workpiece by fluid-bearing formed under the workpiece; and at least one flowmeter or at least one manometer, coupled to a controller and configured to measure the flowrate or the pressure in the supply system or at the surface, wherein the workpiece is determined to be warped when the measured flowrate or pressure is outside a predefined range. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one manometer is positioned in at least a portion of the non-contact support platform, and wherein the workpiece is determined to be warped in an area corresponding to the position of the at least one manometer. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the supply system further comprises a vacuum source connected to the plurality of evacuation ports to cause flow of the fluid into the plurality of evacuation ports. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein at least one of the pressure ports and the evacuation ports corresponds to a flow restrictor. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one flowmeter is positioned on a line supplying a region of the surface, and wherein the workpiece is determined to be warped in the area supplied by the line which the flowmeter is measuring. 16. A method of determining warpage in a workpiece supported by a non-contact support platform, the method comprising:
supporting, by the non-contact support platform, the workpiece with a flow of a fluid through a plurality of ports by fluid-bearing formed under the workpiece; measuring at least one of: flowrate by at least one flowmeter, and pressure by at least one manometer; and determining that the workpiece is warped when the measured flowrate or pressure is outside a predefined range. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the supply system is configured to apply pressure to cause flow of the fluid into a first subset of the plurality of ports, and wherein the supply system is configured to apply vacuum to cause flow of the fluid into a second subset of the plurality of ports. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the flowrate is measured by at least one flowmeter, and wherein the workpiece is determined to have warpage in an area corresponding to the position of the at least one flowmeter. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the pressure is measured by the at least one manometer, and wherein the workpiece is determined to be warped in an area corresponding to the position of the at least one manometer. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the non-contact support platform has a known relationship between pressure and flowrate for a flat supported workpiece. | 2,400 |
340,897 | 16,801,185 | 2,474 | A device for measuring the membrane fouling index which can measure the modified fouling index (MFI) and the silt density index (SDI) at the same time and quantify the degree of membrane fouling caused by various kinds of membrane fouling materials, such as particulate materials, colloids, organic matters, and so on, in a short period of time. | 1-14. (canceled) 15. A device for measuring membrane fouling index (MFI), the device comprising:
a raw water supplying unit configured to supply raw water to be measured; a first filtration membrane exhibiting first filtration characteristics for passing first permeated water; a second filtration membrane exhibiting second filtration characteristics different from the first filtration membrane characteristics; a raw water supply line connecting the raw water supplying unit with the first filtration membrane; a level sensor configured to store the first permeated water in order to measure a silt density index (SDI) from the first permeated water; a flow rate measuring unit configured to measure a flow rate; an SDI/MFI-1 measurement line which connects the flow rate measuring unit with the first filtration membrane through the level sensor and is configured to provide to the flow rate measuring unit an MFI-1 measurement of the first filtration membrane using a flow rate of water passing through the SDI/MFI-1 measurement line; an SDI/MFI-2 measurement line which connects the flow rate measuring unit with the level sensor and is configured to provide to the flow rate measuring unit an MFI-2 measurement of the second filtration membrane unit using a flow rate of water passing through the SDI/MFI-2 measurement line; and a buffer tank mounted on the SDI/MFI-2 measurement line to store the first permeated water discharged from the level sensor, wherein the second filtration membrane is mounted on the SDI/MFI-2 measurement line between the flow rate measuring unit and the buffer tank to pass second permeated water. 16. The device according to claim 15, wherein the MFI-1 and MFI-2 measurements are obtained concurrently with the SDI measurement of the first filtration membrane by the level sensor. 17. The device according to claim 15, wherein the SDI and MFI-1 measurements of the first filtration membrane are obtained concurrently with the MFI-2 measurement of the second filtration membrane using the flow rate passing through the MFI-2 measurement line. 18. The device according to claim 15, further comprising:
a pressure controller which is mounted at an inlet of the second filtration membrane to control pressure of the first permeated water that flowed into the second filtration membrane. 19. The device according to claim 15, further comprising:
a valve provided on the MFI-2 measurement line to cause the first permeated water stored in the level sensor to flow into the buffer tank. 20. The device according to claim 15, wherein pores of the second filtration membrane are smaller than pores of the first filtration membrane. 21. A method of operating a device for measuring membrane fouling index (MFI), the device comprising a raw water supplying unit; a first filtration membrane exhibiting first filtration characteristics; a second filtration membrane exhibiting second filtration characteristics different from the first filtration membrane characteristics; a raw water supply line connecting the raw water supplying unit with the first filtration membrane; a level sensor; a flow rate measuring unit; an SDI/MFI-1 measurement line connecting the flow rate measuring unit with the first filtration membrane through the level sensor; an SDI/MFI-2 measurement line connecting the flow rate measuring unit with the level sensor; and a buffer tank mounted on the SDI/MFI-2 measurement line, wherein the flow rate measuring unit is connected to a computer processor for executing an operation process of the device, the method comprising:
supplying raw water to be measured from the raw water supplying unit, through the raw water supply line to the first filtration membrane; measuring a silt density index (SDI) from the first permeated water by storing the first permeated water in the level sensor, discharging the first permeated water, and enabling the first permeated water discharged by the level sensor to reach the flow rate measuring unit through the MFI-2 measurement line; storing the first permeated water discharged from the level sensor in the buffer tank; measuring an MFI-1 value of the first filtration membrane using a flow rate of water passing through the SDI/MFI-1 measurement line; and measuring an MFI-2 value of the second filtration membrane using a flow rate of water passing through the SDI/MFI-2 measurement line. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the MFI-1 and MFI-2 measurements are obtained concurrently with the SDI measurement of the first filtration membrane by the level sensor. 23. The method according to claim 21, further comprising:
controlling a pressure controller mounted at an inlet of the second filtration membrane to control pressure of the first permeated water that flowed into the second filtration membrane so that the first permeated water passed through the first filtration membrane at a time of the SDI measurement is used for measuring the MFI-2 of the second filtration membrane before the SDI and MFI-1 measurements are complete. 24. The method according to claim 21, further comprising:
controlling a valve provided on the MFI-2 measurement line to cause the first permeated water stored in the level sensor to pass through the valve and to flow into the buffer tank. | A device for measuring the membrane fouling index which can measure the modified fouling index (MFI) and the silt density index (SDI) at the same time and quantify the degree of membrane fouling caused by various kinds of membrane fouling materials, such as particulate materials, colloids, organic matters, and so on, in a short period of time.1-14. (canceled) 15. A device for measuring membrane fouling index (MFI), the device comprising:
a raw water supplying unit configured to supply raw water to be measured; a first filtration membrane exhibiting first filtration characteristics for passing first permeated water; a second filtration membrane exhibiting second filtration characteristics different from the first filtration membrane characteristics; a raw water supply line connecting the raw water supplying unit with the first filtration membrane; a level sensor configured to store the first permeated water in order to measure a silt density index (SDI) from the first permeated water; a flow rate measuring unit configured to measure a flow rate; an SDI/MFI-1 measurement line which connects the flow rate measuring unit with the first filtration membrane through the level sensor and is configured to provide to the flow rate measuring unit an MFI-1 measurement of the first filtration membrane using a flow rate of water passing through the SDI/MFI-1 measurement line; an SDI/MFI-2 measurement line which connects the flow rate measuring unit with the level sensor and is configured to provide to the flow rate measuring unit an MFI-2 measurement of the second filtration membrane unit using a flow rate of water passing through the SDI/MFI-2 measurement line; and a buffer tank mounted on the SDI/MFI-2 measurement line to store the first permeated water discharged from the level sensor, wherein the second filtration membrane is mounted on the SDI/MFI-2 measurement line between the flow rate measuring unit and the buffer tank to pass second permeated water. 16. The device according to claim 15, wherein the MFI-1 and MFI-2 measurements are obtained concurrently with the SDI measurement of the first filtration membrane by the level sensor. 17. The device according to claim 15, wherein the SDI and MFI-1 measurements of the first filtration membrane are obtained concurrently with the MFI-2 measurement of the second filtration membrane using the flow rate passing through the MFI-2 measurement line. 18. The device according to claim 15, further comprising:
a pressure controller which is mounted at an inlet of the second filtration membrane to control pressure of the first permeated water that flowed into the second filtration membrane. 19. The device according to claim 15, further comprising:
a valve provided on the MFI-2 measurement line to cause the first permeated water stored in the level sensor to flow into the buffer tank. 20. The device according to claim 15, wherein pores of the second filtration membrane are smaller than pores of the first filtration membrane. 21. A method of operating a device for measuring membrane fouling index (MFI), the device comprising a raw water supplying unit; a first filtration membrane exhibiting first filtration characteristics; a second filtration membrane exhibiting second filtration characteristics different from the first filtration membrane characteristics; a raw water supply line connecting the raw water supplying unit with the first filtration membrane; a level sensor; a flow rate measuring unit; an SDI/MFI-1 measurement line connecting the flow rate measuring unit with the first filtration membrane through the level sensor; an SDI/MFI-2 measurement line connecting the flow rate measuring unit with the level sensor; and a buffer tank mounted on the SDI/MFI-2 measurement line, wherein the flow rate measuring unit is connected to a computer processor for executing an operation process of the device, the method comprising:
supplying raw water to be measured from the raw water supplying unit, through the raw water supply line to the first filtration membrane; measuring a silt density index (SDI) from the first permeated water by storing the first permeated water in the level sensor, discharging the first permeated water, and enabling the first permeated water discharged by the level sensor to reach the flow rate measuring unit through the MFI-2 measurement line; storing the first permeated water discharged from the level sensor in the buffer tank; measuring an MFI-1 value of the first filtration membrane using a flow rate of water passing through the SDI/MFI-1 measurement line; and measuring an MFI-2 value of the second filtration membrane using a flow rate of water passing through the SDI/MFI-2 measurement line. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the MFI-1 and MFI-2 measurements are obtained concurrently with the SDI measurement of the first filtration membrane by the level sensor. 23. The method according to claim 21, further comprising:
controlling a pressure controller mounted at an inlet of the second filtration membrane to control pressure of the first permeated water that flowed into the second filtration membrane so that the first permeated water passed through the first filtration membrane at a time of the SDI measurement is used for measuring the MFI-2 of the second filtration membrane before the SDI and MFI-1 measurements are complete. 24. The method according to claim 21, further comprising:
controlling a valve provided on the MFI-2 measurement line to cause the first permeated water stored in the level sensor to pass through the valve and to flow into the buffer tank. | 2,400 |
340,898 | 16,801,162 | 2,474 | A microorganism identification method utilizing mass spectrometry is provided. More specifically, a method for identifying a phylotype of Cutibacterium acnes utilizing mass spectrometry is provided. The method includes a) a step for reading out a m/z value of a peak derived from a marker protein on a mass spectrum which is obtained by mass spectrometry of a sample containing microorganisms; and b) a step for judging whether the sample contains Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) based on the m/z value. | 1. A microorganism identification method, comprising:
a) a step for reading out a m/z value of a peak derived from a marker protein on a mass spectrum, which is obtained by mass spectrometry of a sample containing microorganisms; and b) a step for judging whether the sample contains Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) based on the m/z value; wherein the marker protein is one or more proteins selected from a group consisting of ribosomal proteins L7/L12, L9, L18, L28, L29, L30, L31, S8, S15, S19 and S20. 2. A microorganism identification method, comprising:
a) a step for reading out a m/z value of a peak derived from a marker protein on a mass spectrum, which is obtained by mass spectrometry of a test microorganism; and b) a step for judging whether the test microorganism is a C. acnes type I, II or III based on the m/z value; wherein the marker protein is a combination of ribosomal proteins L6 and L23, a combination of ribosomal proteins L15 and L23, or a combination of ribosomal proteins L6 and L15. 3. A microorganism identification method, comprising:
a) a step for reading out a m/z value of a peak derived from a marker protein on a mass spectrum, which is obtained by mass spectrometry of a test microorganism; and b) a step for judging whether the test microorganism is a phylotype IA1, IA2 or IB of a C. acnes type I based on the m/z value; wherein the marker protein is a combination of a ribosomal protein L13 and an antitoxin. 4. The identification method according to claim 3, wherein the m/z value (m/z) of the peak of the antitoxin on the mass spectrum is 7034.6. 5. The identification method according to claim 1, wherein the marker protein on the mass spectrum further comprises a divalent ion. 6. The identification method according to claim 2, wherein the marker protein on the mass spectrum further comprises a divalent ion. 7. The identification method according to claim 3, wherein the marker protein on the mass spectrum further comprises a divalent ion. 8. A microorganism identification method, comprising:
a) a step for reading out a m/z value of a peak derived from a marker protein on a mass spectrum, which is obtained by mass spectrometry of a sample containing microorganisms, and b) a step for judging whether the sample comprises at least one of a C. acnes type I, II or III based on the m/z value; wherein in the step b), on the mass spectrum, in regard to a combination of ribosomal proteins L6 and L23, a combination of ribosomal proteins L15 and L23, or a combination of ribosomal proteins L6 and L15, when there is at least one peak of a m/z value in a case of having mutations specific to the C. acnes types I, II, and III, it is judged that the sample comprises at least one of the C. acnes type I, II or III. 9. A program for making a computer execute each step according to claim 1. 10. A program for making a computer execute each step according to claim 2. 11. A program for making a computer execute each step according to claim 3. 12. A program for making a computer execute each step according to claim 8. 13. An analysis method of skin bacterial flora using the identification method according to claim 1. 14. An analysis method of skin bacterial flora using the identification method according to claim 2. 15. An analysis method of skin bacterial flora using the identification method according to claim 3. 16. An analysis method of skin bacterial flora using the identification method according to claim 8. | A microorganism identification method utilizing mass spectrometry is provided. More specifically, a method for identifying a phylotype of Cutibacterium acnes utilizing mass spectrometry is provided. The method includes a) a step for reading out a m/z value of a peak derived from a marker protein on a mass spectrum which is obtained by mass spectrometry of a sample containing microorganisms; and b) a step for judging whether the sample contains Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) based on the m/z value.1. A microorganism identification method, comprising:
a) a step for reading out a m/z value of a peak derived from a marker protein on a mass spectrum, which is obtained by mass spectrometry of a sample containing microorganisms; and b) a step for judging whether the sample contains Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) based on the m/z value; wherein the marker protein is one or more proteins selected from a group consisting of ribosomal proteins L7/L12, L9, L18, L28, L29, L30, L31, S8, S15, S19 and S20. 2. A microorganism identification method, comprising:
a) a step for reading out a m/z value of a peak derived from a marker protein on a mass spectrum, which is obtained by mass spectrometry of a test microorganism; and b) a step for judging whether the test microorganism is a C. acnes type I, II or III based on the m/z value; wherein the marker protein is a combination of ribosomal proteins L6 and L23, a combination of ribosomal proteins L15 and L23, or a combination of ribosomal proteins L6 and L15. 3. A microorganism identification method, comprising:
a) a step for reading out a m/z value of a peak derived from a marker protein on a mass spectrum, which is obtained by mass spectrometry of a test microorganism; and b) a step for judging whether the test microorganism is a phylotype IA1, IA2 or IB of a C. acnes type I based on the m/z value; wherein the marker protein is a combination of a ribosomal protein L13 and an antitoxin. 4. The identification method according to claim 3, wherein the m/z value (m/z) of the peak of the antitoxin on the mass spectrum is 7034.6. 5. The identification method according to claim 1, wherein the marker protein on the mass spectrum further comprises a divalent ion. 6. The identification method according to claim 2, wherein the marker protein on the mass spectrum further comprises a divalent ion. 7. The identification method according to claim 3, wherein the marker protein on the mass spectrum further comprises a divalent ion. 8. A microorganism identification method, comprising:
a) a step for reading out a m/z value of a peak derived from a marker protein on a mass spectrum, which is obtained by mass spectrometry of a sample containing microorganisms, and b) a step for judging whether the sample comprises at least one of a C. acnes type I, II or III based on the m/z value; wherein in the step b), on the mass spectrum, in regard to a combination of ribosomal proteins L6 and L23, a combination of ribosomal proteins L15 and L23, or a combination of ribosomal proteins L6 and L15, when there is at least one peak of a m/z value in a case of having mutations specific to the C. acnes types I, II, and III, it is judged that the sample comprises at least one of the C. acnes type I, II or III. 9. A program for making a computer execute each step according to claim 1. 10. A program for making a computer execute each step according to claim 2. 11. A program for making a computer execute each step according to claim 3. 12. A program for making a computer execute each step according to claim 8. 13. An analysis method of skin bacterial flora using the identification method according to claim 1. 14. An analysis method of skin bacterial flora using the identification method according to claim 2. 15. An analysis method of skin bacterial flora using the identification method according to claim 3. 16. An analysis method of skin bacterial flora using the identification method according to claim 8. | 2,400 |
340,899 | 16,801,163 | 2,474 | An optical imaging lens including a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element sequentially along an optical axis from an object-side to an image-side is provided. The optical imaging lens satisfies the condition expression of (G67+T7)/(T1+T2)≥1.600, wherein G67 is an air gap from the sixth lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, T1 is a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis, T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, and T7 is a thickness of the seventh lens element along the optical axis. | 1. An optical imaging lens, comprising a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element sequentially along an optical axis from an object side to an image side, wherein each of the first lens element to the seventh lens element comprises an object-side surface facing toward the object side and allowing imaging rays to pass through and an image-side surface facing toward the image side and allowing the imaging rays to pass through, wherein a periphery region of the image-side surface of the first lens element is convex;
a periphery region of the image-side surface of the third lens element is concave; the fourth lens element has positive refracting power; an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the fifth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element is concave; the optical imaging lens includes only the first lens element to the seventh lens element as lens elements having refracting power, and satisfies the following condition expression: (G67+T7)/(T1+T2)≥1.600, wherein G67 is an air gap from the sixth lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, T1 is a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis, T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, and T7 is a thickness of the seventh lens element along the optical axis. 2. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: EFL/(AAG+BFL)≤2.000, wherein EFL is an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens, AAG is a sum of six air gaps of the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and BFL is a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis. 3. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: (T5+T6+T7)/(T1+G12)≥1.900, wherein T5 is a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis, T6 is a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis, and G12 is an air gap from the first lens element to the second lens element along the optical axis. 4. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: TL/AAG≥1.600, wherein TL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and AAG is a sum of six air gaps of the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis. 5. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: TTL/BFL≤7.650, wherein TTL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, and BFL is a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis. 6. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: (G45+T7)/(T1+G12+T2)≥1.400, wherein G12 is an air gap from the first lens element to the second lens element along the optical axis, and G45 is an air gap from the fourth lens element to the fifth lens element along the optical axis. 7. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: ALT/(G34+G45+G56)≤4.500, wherein ALT is a sum of seven lens thicknesses of the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, G34 is an air gap from the third lens element to the fourth lens element along the optical axis, G45 is an air gap from the fourth lens element to the fifth lens element along the optical axis, and G56 is an air gap from the fifth lens element to the sixth lens element along the optical axis. 8. An optical imaging lens, comprising a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element sequentially along an optical axis from an object side to an image side, wherein each of the first lens element to the seventh lens element comprises an object-side surface facing toward the object side and allowing imaging rays to pass through and an image-side surface facing toward the image side and allowing the imaging rays to pass through, wherein
a periphery region of the image-side surface of the third lens element is concave; the fourth lens element has positive refracting power, and a periphery region of the object-side surface of the fourth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the fifth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the seventh lens element is convex; the optical imaging lens includes only the first lens element to the seventh lens element as lens elements having refracting power, and satisfies the following condition expression: (G67+T7)/(T1+T2)≥1.600, wherein G67 is an air gap from the sixth lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, T1 is a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis, T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, and T7 is a thickness of the seventh lens element along the optical axis. 9. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: TL/(T2+G23+T3)≤7.000, wherein TL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis, G23 is an air gap from the second lens element to the third lens element along the optical axis, and T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis. 10. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: (T4+G45+T5+G56+T6)/(T2+G23+T3)≤2.600, wherein T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, T5 is a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis, T6 is a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis, G23 is an air gap from the second lens element to the third lens element along the optical axis, G45 is an air gap from the fourth lens element to the fifth lens element along the optical axis, and G56 is an air gap from the fifth lens element to the sixth lens element along the optical axis. 11. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: TTL/(T5+G56+T6)≤8.000, wherein TTL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, T5 is a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis, T6 is a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis, and G56 is an air gap from the fifth lens element to the sixth lens element along the optical axis. 12. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: (T4+G45)/(T2+T5+G56)≥0.900, wherein T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, T5 is a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis, G45 is an air gap from the fourth lens element to the fifth lens element along the optical axis, and G56 is an air gap from the fifth lens element to the sixth lens element along the optical axis. 13. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: (EFL+BFL)/AAG≤4.200, wherein EFL is an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens, BFL is a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, and AAG is a sum of six air gaps of the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis. 14. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: (T3+G34+T4)/(T1+G12+T2)≥1.600, wherein T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, G12 is an air gap from the first lens element to the second lens element along the optical axis, and G34 is an air gap from the third lens element to the fourth lens element along the optical axis. 15. An optical imaging lens, comprising a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element sequentially along an optical axis from an object side to an image side, wherein each of the first lens element to the seventh lens element comprises an object-side surface facing toward the object side and allowing imaging rays to pass through and an image-side surface facing toward the image side and allowing the imaging rays to pass through, wherein
a periphery region of the image-side surface of the third lens element is concave; a periphery region of the object-side surface of the fourth lens element is concave; the fifth lens element has negative refracting power, and an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the fifth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the seventh lens element is convex; the optical imaging lens includes only the first lens element to the seventh lens element as lens elements having refracting power, and satisfies the following condition expression: (G67+T7)/(T1+T2)≥1.600, wherein G67 is an air gap from the sixth lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, T1 is a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis, T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, and T7 is a thickness of the seventh lens element along the optical axis. 16. The optical imaging lens according to claim 15, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: (T5+G56+T6)/(T3+G34+T4)≤1.000, wherein T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, T5 is a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis, T6 is a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis, G34 is an air gap from the third lens element to the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and G56 is an air gap from the fifth lens element to the sixth lens element along the optical axis. 17. The optical imaging lens according to claim 15, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: AAG/(T6+T7)≤2.200, wherein AAG is a sum of six air gaps of the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and T6 is a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis. 18. The optical imaging lens according to claim 15, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: (T5+T7)/(G12+G67)≥1.200, wherein T5 is a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis, and G12 is an air gap from the first lens element to the second lens element along the optical axis. 19. The optical imaging lens according to claim 15, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: TTL/EFL≤2.700, wherein TTL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, and EFL is an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens. 20. The optical imaging lens according to claim 15, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: (EFL+AAG)/ALT≥1.800, wherein EFL is an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens, AAG is a sum of six air gaps of the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and ALT is a sum of seven lens thicknesses of the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis. | An optical imaging lens including a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element sequentially along an optical axis from an object-side to an image-side is provided. The optical imaging lens satisfies the condition expression of (G67+T7)/(T1+T2)≥1.600, wherein G67 is an air gap from the sixth lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, T1 is a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis, T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, and T7 is a thickness of the seventh lens element along the optical axis.1. An optical imaging lens, comprising a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element sequentially along an optical axis from an object side to an image side, wherein each of the first lens element to the seventh lens element comprises an object-side surface facing toward the object side and allowing imaging rays to pass through and an image-side surface facing toward the image side and allowing the imaging rays to pass through, wherein a periphery region of the image-side surface of the first lens element is convex;
a periphery region of the image-side surface of the third lens element is concave; the fourth lens element has positive refracting power; an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the fifth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element is concave; the optical imaging lens includes only the first lens element to the seventh lens element as lens elements having refracting power, and satisfies the following condition expression: (G67+T7)/(T1+T2)≥1.600, wherein G67 is an air gap from the sixth lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, T1 is a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis, T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, and T7 is a thickness of the seventh lens element along the optical axis. 2. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: EFL/(AAG+BFL)≤2.000, wherein EFL is an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens, AAG is a sum of six air gaps of the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and BFL is a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis. 3. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: (T5+T6+T7)/(T1+G12)≥1.900, wherein T5 is a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis, T6 is a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis, and G12 is an air gap from the first lens element to the second lens element along the optical axis. 4. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: TL/AAG≥1.600, wherein TL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and AAG is a sum of six air gaps of the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis. 5. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: TTL/BFL≤7.650, wherein TTL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, and BFL is a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis. 6. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: (G45+T7)/(T1+G12+T2)≥1.400, wherein G12 is an air gap from the first lens element to the second lens element along the optical axis, and G45 is an air gap from the fourth lens element to the fifth lens element along the optical axis. 7. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: ALT/(G34+G45+G56)≤4.500, wherein ALT is a sum of seven lens thicknesses of the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, G34 is an air gap from the third lens element to the fourth lens element along the optical axis, G45 is an air gap from the fourth lens element to the fifth lens element along the optical axis, and G56 is an air gap from the fifth lens element to the sixth lens element along the optical axis. 8. An optical imaging lens, comprising a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element sequentially along an optical axis from an object side to an image side, wherein each of the first lens element to the seventh lens element comprises an object-side surface facing toward the object side and allowing imaging rays to pass through and an image-side surface facing toward the image side and allowing the imaging rays to pass through, wherein
a periphery region of the image-side surface of the third lens element is concave; the fourth lens element has positive refracting power, and a periphery region of the object-side surface of the fourth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the fifth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the seventh lens element is convex; the optical imaging lens includes only the first lens element to the seventh lens element as lens elements having refracting power, and satisfies the following condition expression: (G67+T7)/(T1+T2)≥1.600, wherein G67 is an air gap from the sixth lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, T1 is a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis, T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, and T7 is a thickness of the seventh lens element along the optical axis. 9. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: TL/(T2+G23+T3)≤7.000, wherein TL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the image-side surface of the seventh lens element along the optical axis, G23 is an air gap from the second lens element to the third lens element along the optical axis, and T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis. 10. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: (T4+G45+T5+G56+T6)/(T2+G23+T3)≤2.600, wherein T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, T5 is a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis, T6 is a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis, G23 is an air gap from the second lens element to the third lens element along the optical axis, G45 is an air gap from the fourth lens element to the fifth lens element along the optical axis, and G56 is an air gap from the fifth lens element to the sixth lens element along the optical axis. 11. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: TTL/(T5+G56+T6)≤8.000, wherein TTL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, T5 is a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis, T6 is a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis, and G56 is an air gap from the fifth lens element to the sixth lens element along the optical axis. 12. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: (T4+G45)/(T2+T5+G56)≥0.900, wherein T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, T5 is a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis, G45 is an air gap from the fourth lens element to the fifth lens element along the optical axis, and G56 is an air gap from the fifth lens element to the sixth lens element along the optical axis. 13. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: (EFL+BFL)/AAG≤4.200, wherein EFL is an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens, BFL is a distance from the image-side surface of the seventh lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, and AAG is a sum of six air gaps of the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis. 14. The optical imaging lens according to claim 8, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: (T3+G34+T4)/(T1+G12+T2)≥1.600, wherein T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, G12 is an air gap from the first lens element to the second lens element along the optical axis, and G34 is an air gap from the third lens element to the fourth lens element along the optical axis. 15. An optical imaging lens, comprising a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element sequentially along an optical axis from an object side to an image side, wherein each of the first lens element to the seventh lens element comprises an object-side surface facing toward the object side and allowing imaging rays to pass through and an image-side surface facing toward the image side and allowing the imaging rays to pass through, wherein
a periphery region of the image-side surface of the third lens element is concave; a periphery region of the object-side surface of the fourth lens element is concave; the fifth lens element has negative refracting power, and an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the fifth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the image-side surface of the sixth lens element is concave; an optical axis region of the object-side surface of the seventh lens element is convex; the optical imaging lens includes only the first lens element to the seventh lens element as lens elements having refracting power, and satisfies the following condition expression: (G67+T7)/(T1+T2)≥1.600, wherein G67 is an air gap from the sixth lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, T1 is a thickness of the first lens element along the optical axis, T2 is a thickness of the second lens element along the optical axis, and T7 is a thickness of the seventh lens element along the optical axis. 16. The optical imaging lens according to claim 15, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: (T5+G56+T6)/(T3+G34+T4)≤1.000, wherein T3 is a thickness of the third lens element along the optical axis, T4 is a thickness of the fourth lens element along the optical axis, T5 is a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis, T6 is a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis, G34 is an air gap from the third lens element to the fourth lens element along the optical axis, and G56 is an air gap from the fifth lens element to the sixth lens element along the optical axis. 17. The optical imaging lens according to claim 15, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: AAG/(T6+T7)≤2.200, wherein AAG is a sum of six air gaps of the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and T6 is a thickness of the sixth lens element along the optical axis. 18. The optical imaging lens according to claim 15, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: (T5+T7)/(G12+G67)≥1.200, wherein T5 is a thickness of the fifth lens element along the optical axis, and G12 is an air gap from the first lens element to the second lens element along the optical axis. 19. The optical imaging lens according to claim 15, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: TTL/EFL≤2.700, wherein TTL is a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens element to an image plane along the optical axis, and EFL is an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens. 20. The optical imaging lens according to claim 15, wherein the optical imaging lens further satisfies the following condition expression: (EFL+AAG)/ALT≥1.800, wherein EFL is an effective focal length of the optical imaging lens, AAG is a sum of six air gaps of the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis, and ALT is a sum of seven lens thicknesses of the first lens element to the seventh lens element along the optical axis. | 2,400 |
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