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341,100 | 16,801,399 | 3,784 | Provided are systems and methods for intelligent distributed industrial facility safety systems. In some embodiments an industrial facility safety system includes remote sensing devices (RSDs) disposed throughout an industrial facility and a facility safety control system (FSCS) adapted to collect safety data from the RSDs, determine a zone of interest within the industrial facility based on the collected data, and send corresponding alerts to the RSDs based on the zone of interest. | 1. An industrial facility safety system, comprising:
a plurality of remote sensing devices (RSDs) configured to be distributed throughout an industrial facility; and a facility safety control system (FSCS) configured to:
receive safety data from the plurality of RSDs;
process the safety data from the plurality of RSDs to determine one or more safety alerts; and
send the one or more safety alerts to one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs,
each remote sensing device (RSD) of the plurality of RSDs comprising:
a sensing unit comprising one more sensors configured to sense characteristics of an environment surrounding the RSD;
a processing unit configured to process the sensed characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD to generate safety data corresponding to characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD sensed by the one or more sensors of the sensing unit of the RSD;
a communication unit configured to:
send, to the FSCS, safety data; and
receive, from the FSCS, safety alerts; and
an alert unit configured to present safety alerts;
the FSCS configured to:
collect, from the plurality of RSDs, first safety data indicative of first current conditions of the industrial facility;
determine, based on the first safety data, first current conditions of the industrial facility;
determine, based on the current conditions of the industrial facility, a zone of interest within the industrial facility;
collect, from the plurality of RSDs, second safety data indicative of second current conditions of the industrial facility;
determine, based on the second safety data, second current conditions of the industrial facility;
adjust, based on the second current conditions of the industrial facility, the zone of interest to define an adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility;
determine a safety alert associated with the adjusted zone of interest;
determine one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest; and
send, to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest, the safety alert. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the FSCS is further configured to:
determine a sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to install the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest into RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the FSCS is further configured to:
determine a sensing state associated with the adjusted zone of interest, and wherein the safety alert comprises a command to cause the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest to operate in the sensing state. 5. The system of claim 4,
wherein the sensing state comprises a high-sensitivity sensing mode, wherein the alert comprises a command to cause RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest and operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode to transition to operation in the high-sensitivity sensing mode while located in the adjusted zone of interest. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest are configured to transition from operating in the high-sensitivity sensing mode to operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode in response to moving into an area that is associated with a low-sensitivity sensing mode. 7. The system of claim 1,
wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to evacuate the adjusted zone of interest, and wherein the safety alert comprises directions for evacuating the adjusted zone of interest, and the directions comprise instructions to avoid areas associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 8. The system of claim 1,
wherein the current conditions comprise an environmental condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the environmental condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable a gas sensor module. 9. The system of claim 8,
wherein the current conditions comprise a wind condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the wind condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable a gas sensor module. 10. The system of claim 1,
collect, from the plurality of RSDs, third safety data indicative of third current conditions of the industrial facility; determine, based on the third safety data, third current conditions of the industrial facility; adjust, based on the third current conditions of the industrial facility, the adjusted zone of interest to define a second adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility; determine a second safety alert associated with the second adjusted zone of interest; determine one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest; and send, to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest, the second safety alert. 11. A method of operating an industrial facility safety system, the method comprising:
collecting, by a facility safety control system (FSCS) of an industrial facility safety system for an industrial facility and from a plurality of remote sensing devices (RSDs), first safety data indicative of first current conditions of the industrial facility, the industrial facility safety system comprising:
the plurality of RSDs distributed throughout the industrial facility; and
the FSCS configured to:
receive safety data from the plurality of RSDs;
process the safety data from the plurality of RSDs to determine one or more safety alerts; and
send the one or more safety alerts to one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs,
the plurality of RSDs, wherein each RSD of the plurality of RSDs comprises:
a sensing unit comprising one more sensors configured to sense characteristics of an environment surrounding the RSD;
a processing unit configured to process the sensed characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD to generate safety data corresponding to characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD sensed by the one or more sensors of the sensing unit of the RSD;
a communication unit configured to:
send, to the FSCS, safety data; and
receive, from the FSCS, safety alerts; and
an alert unit configured to present safety alerts;
determining, by the FSCS based on the first safety data, first current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the current conditions of the industrial facility, a zone of interest within the industrial facility; collecting, by the FSCS from the plurality of RSDs, second safety data indicative of second current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the second safety data, second current conditions of the industrial facility; adjusting, by the FSCS based on the second current conditions of the industrial facility, the zone of interest to define an adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS, a safety alert associated with the adjusted zone of interest; determining, by the FSCS, one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest; and sending, by the FSCS to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest, the safety alert. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining, by the FSCS, a sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest, wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to install the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest into RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining, by the FSCS, a sensing state associated with the adjusted zone of interest, wherein the safety alert comprises a command to cause the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest to operate in the sensing state. 15. The method of claim 14,
wherein the sensing state comprises a high-sensitivity sensing mode, and wherein the safety alert comprises a command to cause RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest and operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode to transition to operation in the high-sensitivity sensing mode. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining that a RSD of the plurality of RSDs located within the adjusted zone of interest is located in an area that is associated with a low-sensitivity sensing mode, and causing, in response to determining that the RSD of the plurality of RSDs located within the adjusted zone of interest is located in an area that is associated with a low-sensitivity sensing mode, the RSD to transition from operating in the high-sensitivity sensing mode to operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode. 17. The method of claim 11,
wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to evacuate the adjusted zone of interest, and wherein the safety alert comprises directions for evacuating the adjusted zone of interest, and the directions comprise instructions to avoid areas associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 18. The method of claim 11,
wherein the current conditions comprise an environmental condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the environmental condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable a gas sensor module. 19. The method of claim 18,
wherein the current conditions comprise a wind condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the wind condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to install a gas sensor module. 20. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
collecting, by the FSCS from the plurality of RSDs, third safety data indicative of third current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the third safety data, third current conditions of the industrial facility; adjusting, by the FSCS based on the third current conditions of the industrial facility, the adjusted zone of interest to define a second adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS a second safety alert associated with the second adjusted zone of interest; determining, by the FSCS one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest; and sending, by the FSCS to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest, the second safety alert. 21. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising program instructions stored thereon that are executable by a computer processor to cause the following operations for operating an industrial facility safety system:
collecting, by a facility safety control system (FSCS) of an industrial facility safety system for an industrial facility and from a plurality of remote sensing devices (RSDs), first safety data indicative of first current conditions of the industrial facility, the industrial facility safety system comprising:
the plurality of RSDs distributed throughout the industrial facility; and
the FSCS configured to:
receive safety data from the plurality of RSDs;
process the safety data from the plurality of RSDs to determine one or more safety alerts; and
send the one or more safety alerts to one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs,
the plurality of RSDs, wherein each RSD of the plurality of RSDs comprises:
a sensing unit comprising one more sensors configured to sense characteristics of an environment surrounding the RSD;
a processing unit configured to process the sensed characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD to generate safety data corresponding to characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD sensed by the one or more sensors of the sensing unit of the RSD;
a communication unit configured to:
send, to the FSCS, safety data; and
receive, from the FSCS, safety alerts; and
an alert unit configured to present safety alerts;
determining, by the FSCS based on the first safety data, first current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the current conditions of the industrial facility, a zone of interest within the industrial facility; collecting, by the FSCS from the plurality of RSDs, second safety data indicative of second current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the second safety data, second current conditions of the industrial facility; adjusting, by the FSCS based on the second current conditions of the industrial facility, the zone of interest to define an adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS, a safety alert associated with the adjusted zone of interest; determining, by the FSCS, one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest; and sending, by the FSCS to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest, the safety alert. 22. The medium of claim 21, the operations further comprising:
determining, by the FSCS, a sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest, wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 23. The medium of claim 22, wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to install the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest into RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest. 24. The medium of claim 21, the operations further comprising:
determining, by the FSCS, a sensing state associated with the adjusted zone of interest, wherein the safety alert comprises a command to cause the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest to operate in the sensing state. 25. The medium of claim 24,
wherein the sensing state comprises a high-sensitivity sensing mode, and wherein the safety alert comprises a command to cause RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest and operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode to transition to operation in the high-sensitivity sensing mode. 26. The medium of claim 25, the operations further comprising:
determining that a RSD of the plurality of RSDs located within the adjusted zone of interest is located in an area that is associated with a low-sensitivity sensing mode, and causing, in response to determining that the RSD of the plurality of RSDs located within the adjusted zone of interest is located in an area that is associated with a low-sensitivity sensing mode, the RSD to transition from operating in the high-sensitivity sensing mode to operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode. 27. The medium of claim 21,
wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to evacuate the adjusted zone of interest, and wherein the safety alert comprises directions for evacuating the adjusted zone of interest, and the directions comprise instructions to avoid areas associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 28. The medium of claim 21,
wherein the current conditions comprise an environmental condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the environmental condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable a gas sensor module. 29. The medium of claim 28,
wherein the current conditions comprise a wind condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the wind condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to install a gas sensor module. 30. The medium of claim 21, the operations further comprising:
collecting, by the FSCS from the plurality of RSDs, third safety data indicative of third current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the third safety data, third current conditions of the industrial facility; adjusting, by the FSCS based on the third current conditions of the industrial facility, the adjusted zone of interest to define a second adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS a second safety alert associated with the second adjusted zone of interest; determining, by the FSCS one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest; and sending, by the FSCS to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest, the second safety alert. | Provided are systems and methods for intelligent distributed industrial facility safety systems. In some embodiments an industrial facility safety system includes remote sensing devices (RSDs) disposed throughout an industrial facility and a facility safety control system (FSCS) adapted to collect safety data from the RSDs, determine a zone of interest within the industrial facility based on the collected data, and send corresponding alerts to the RSDs based on the zone of interest.1. An industrial facility safety system, comprising:
a plurality of remote sensing devices (RSDs) configured to be distributed throughout an industrial facility; and a facility safety control system (FSCS) configured to:
receive safety data from the plurality of RSDs;
process the safety data from the plurality of RSDs to determine one or more safety alerts; and
send the one or more safety alerts to one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs,
each remote sensing device (RSD) of the plurality of RSDs comprising:
a sensing unit comprising one more sensors configured to sense characteristics of an environment surrounding the RSD;
a processing unit configured to process the sensed characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD to generate safety data corresponding to characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD sensed by the one or more sensors of the sensing unit of the RSD;
a communication unit configured to:
send, to the FSCS, safety data; and
receive, from the FSCS, safety alerts; and
an alert unit configured to present safety alerts;
the FSCS configured to:
collect, from the plurality of RSDs, first safety data indicative of first current conditions of the industrial facility;
determine, based on the first safety data, first current conditions of the industrial facility;
determine, based on the current conditions of the industrial facility, a zone of interest within the industrial facility;
collect, from the plurality of RSDs, second safety data indicative of second current conditions of the industrial facility;
determine, based on the second safety data, second current conditions of the industrial facility;
adjust, based on the second current conditions of the industrial facility, the zone of interest to define an adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility;
determine a safety alert associated with the adjusted zone of interest;
determine one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest; and
send, to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest, the safety alert. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the FSCS is further configured to:
determine a sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to install the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest into RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the FSCS is further configured to:
determine a sensing state associated with the adjusted zone of interest, and wherein the safety alert comprises a command to cause the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest to operate in the sensing state. 5. The system of claim 4,
wherein the sensing state comprises a high-sensitivity sensing mode, wherein the alert comprises a command to cause RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest and operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode to transition to operation in the high-sensitivity sensing mode while located in the adjusted zone of interest. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest are configured to transition from operating in the high-sensitivity sensing mode to operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode in response to moving into an area that is associated with a low-sensitivity sensing mode. 7. The system of claim 1,
wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to evacuate the adjusted zone of interest, and wherein the safety alert comprises directions for evacuating the adjusted zone of interest, and the directions comprise instructions to avoid areas associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 8. The system of claim 1,
wherein the current conditions comprise an environmental condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the environmental condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable a gas sensor module. 9. The system of claim 8,
wherein the current conditions comprise a wind condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the wind condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable a gas sensor module. 10. The system of claim 1,
collect, from the plurality of RSDs, third safety data indicative of third current conditions of the industrial facility; determine, based on the third safety data, third current conditions of the industrial facility; adjust, based on the third current conditions of the industrial facility, the adjusted zone of interest to define a second adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility; determine a second safety alert associated with the second adjusted zone of interest; determine one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest; and send, to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest, the second safety alert. 11. A method of operating an industrial facility safety system, the method comprising:
collecting, by a facility safety control system (FSCS) of an industrial facility safety system for an industrial facility and from a plurality of remote sensing devices (RSDs), first safety data indicative of first current conditions of the industrial facility, the industrial facility safety system comprising:
the plurality of RSDs distributed throughout the industrial facility; and
the FSCS configured to:
receive safety data from the plurality of RSDs;
process the safety data from the plurality of RSDs to determine one or more safety alerts; and
send the one or more safety alerts to one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs,
the plurality of RSDs, wherein each RSD of the plurality of RSDs comprises:
a sensing unit comprising one more sensors configured to sense characteristics of an environment surrounding the RSD;
a processing unit configured to process the sensed characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD to generate safety data corresponding to characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD sensed by the one or more sensors of the sensing unit of the RSD;
a communication unit configured to:
send, to the FSCS, safety data; and
receive, from the FSCS, safety alerts; and
an alert unit configured to present safety alerts;
determining, by the FSCS based on the first safety data, first current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the current conditions of the industrial facility, a zone of interest within the industrial facility; collecting, by the FSCS from the plurality of RSDs, second safety data indicative of second current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the second safety data, second current conditions of the industrial facility; adjusting, by the FSCS based on the second current conditions of the industrial facility, the zone of interest to define an adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS, a safety alert associated with the adjusted zone of interest; determining, by the FSCS, one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest; and sending, by the FSCS to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest, the safety alert. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining, by the FSCS, a sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest, wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to install the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest into RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
determining, by the FSCS, a sensing state associated with the adjusted zone of interest, wherein the safety alert comprises a command to cause the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest to operate in the sensing state. 15. The method of claim 14,
wherein the sensing state comprises a high-sensitivity sensing mode, and wherein the safety alert comprises a command to cause RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest and operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode to transition to operation in the high-sensitivity sensing mode. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining that a RSD of the plurality of RSDs located within the adjusted zone of interest is located in an area that is associated with a low-sensitivity sensing mode, and causing, in response to determining that the RSD of the plurality of RSDs located within the adjusted zone of interest is located in an area that is associated with a low-sensitivity sensing mode, the RSD to transition from operating in the high-sensitivity sensing mode to operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode. 17. The method of claim 11,
wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to evacuate the adjusted zone of interest, and wherein the safety alert comprises directions for evacuating the adjusted zone of interest, and the directions comprise instructions to avoid areas associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 18. The method of claim 11,
wherein the current conditions comprise an environmental condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the environmental condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable a gas sensor module. 19. The method of claim 18,
wherein the current conditions comprise a wind condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the wind condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to install a gas sensor module. 20. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
collecting, by the FSCS from the plurality of RSDs, third safety data indicative of third current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the third safety data, third current conditions of the industrial facility; adjusting, by the FSCS based on the third current conditions of the industrial facility, the adjusted zone of interest to define a second adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS a second safety alert associated with the second adjusted zone of interest; determining, by the FSCS one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest; and sending, by the FSCS to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest, the second safety alert. 21. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising program instructions stored thereon that are executable by a computer processor to cause the following operations for operating an industrial facility safety system:
collecting, by a facility safety control system (FSCS) of an industrial facility safety system for an industrial facility and from a plurality of remote sensing devices (RSDs), first safety data indicative of first current conditions of the industrial facility, the industrial facility safety system comprising:
the plurality of RSDs distributed throughout the industrial facility; and
the FSCS configured to:
receive safety data from the plurality of RSDs;
process the safety data from the plurality of RSDs to determine one or more safety alerts; and
send the one or more safety alerts to one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs,
the plurality of RSDs, wherein each RSD of the plurality of RSDs comprises:
a sensing unit comprising one more sensors configured to sense characteristics of an environment surrounding the RSD;
a processing unit configured to process the sensed characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD to generate safety data corresponding to characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD sensed by the one or more sensors of the sensing unit of the RSD;
a communication unit configured to:
send, to the FSCS, safety data; and
receive, from the FSCS, safety alerts; and
an alert unit configured to present safety alerts;
determining, by the FSCS based on the first safety data, first current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the current conditions of the industrial facility, a zone of interest within the industrial facility; collecting, by the FSCS from the plurality of RSDs, second safety data indicative of second current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the second safety data, second current conditions of the industrial facility; adjusting, by the FSCS based on the second current conditions of the industrial facility, the zone of interest to define an adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS, a safety alert associated with the adjusted zone of interest; determining, by the FSCS, one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest; and sending, by the FSCS to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest, the safety alert. 22. The medium of claim 21, the operations further comprising:
determining, by the FSCS, a sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest, wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 23. The medium of claim 22, wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to install the sensor module associated with the adjusted zone of interest into RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest. 24. The medium of claim 21, the operations further comprising:
determining, by the FSCS, a sensing state associated with the adjusted zone of interest, wherein the safety alert comprises a command to cause the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest to operate in the sensing state. 25. The medium of claim 24,
wherein the sensing state comprises a high-sensitivity sensing mode, and wherein the safety alert comprises a command to cause RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the adjusted zone of interest and operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode to transition to operation in the high-sensitivity sensing mode. 26. The medium of claim 25, the operations further comprising:
determining that a RSD of the plurality of RSDs located within the adjusted zone of interest is located in an area that is associated with a low-sensitivity sensing mode, and causing, in response to determining that the RSD of the plurality of RSDs located within the adjusted zone of interest is located in an area that is associated with a low-sensitivity sensing mode, the RSD to transition from operating in the high-sensitivity sensing mode to operating in a low-sensitivity sensing mode. 27. The medium of claim 21,
wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to evacuate the adjusted zone of interest, and wherein the safety alert comprises directions for evacuating the adjusted zone of interest, and the directions comprise instructions to avoid areas associated with the adjusted zone of interest. 28. The medium of claim 21,
wherein the current conditions comprise an environmental condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the environmental condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to enable a gas sensor module. 29. The medium of claim 28,
wherein the current conditions comprise a wind condition, wherein the adjusted zone of interest comprises one or more areas within the industrial facility that are determined to be susceptible to gas leaks based on the wind condition, and wherein the safety alert comprises an alert to install a gas sensor module. 30. The medium of claim 21, the operations further comprising:
collecting, by the FSCS from the plurality of RSDs, third safety data indicative of third current conditions of the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS based on the third safety data, third current conditions of the industrial facility; adjusting, by the FSCS based on the third current conditions of the industrial facility, the adjusted zone of interest to define a second adjusted zone of interest within the industrial facility; determining, by the FSCS a second safety alert associated with the second adjusted zone of interest; determining, by the FSCS one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest; and sending, by the FSCS to the RSDs of the plurality of RSDs that are located within the second adjusted zone of interest, the second safety alert. | 3,700 |
341,101 | 16,801,403 | 3,784 | An electronic device that includes a display screen and circuitry is provided. The display screen displays map data and a user interface (UI) element. The circuitry receives a first user input, via the UI element. The first user input indicates a geographical region on the displayed map data. The circuitry extracts geo-location information from vehicle data associated with a vehicle. The circuitry further controls a communication of a first portion of the vehicle data with a server based on a first geo-location in the extracted geo-location information of the vehicle data and the indicated geographical region. The first portion of the vehicle data corresponds to the first geo-location. | 1. An electronic device, comprising:
a display screen configured to display map data and a first user interface (UI) element; and circuitry coupled to the display screen, wherein the circuitry is configured to:
receive a first user input, via the first UI element, wherein the first user input indicates a geographical region on the displayed map data;
extract geo-location information from vehicle data associated with a first vehicle; and
control a communication of a first portion of the vehicle data with a server based on a first geo-location in the extracted geo-location information of the vehicle data and the indicated geographical region, wherein the first portion of the vehicle data corresponds to the first geo-location. 2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the control of the communication of the first portion of the vehicle data with the server is based on an inclusion of the first geo-location within the indicated geographical region. 3. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the control of the communication of the first portion of the vehicle data corresponds to a restriction associated with the communication of the first portion of the vehicle data with the server. 4. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to allow a communication of a second portion of the vehicle data with the server based on a second geo-location in the extracted geo-location information of the vehicle data and the indicated geographical region,
wherein the second portion of the vehicle data corresponds to the second geo-location and is different from the first portion of the vehicle data, and wherein the second geo-location is outside the geographical region indicated by the first user input. 5. The electronic device according to claim 4, wherein the circuitry is further configured to control the communication of the first portion of the vehicle data or the communication of the second portion of the vehicle data, with an electronic control device of a second vehicle. 6. The electronic device according to claim 5, wherein the circuitry is further configured to receive driving behavior information or carbon emission information, associated with the first vehicle, from the server or from the electronic control device of the second vehicle. 7. The electronic device according to claim 4, wherein the circuitry is further configured to receive business information from the server, based on the communication of the second portion of the vehicle data with the server. 8. The electronic device according to claim 4, wherein the circuitry is further configured to receive reward information from the server based on the control of the communication of the first portion of the vehicle data or the communication of the second portion of the vehicle data. 9. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the first UI element includes a plurality of drag points and is overlaid on the displayed map data,
wherein each of the plurality of drag points on the first UI element corresponds to a geo-location of a plurality of geo-locations on the displayed map data, and wherein the geographical region includes the plurality of geo-locations associated with the plurality of drag points. 10. The electronic device according to claim 9, wherein the received first user input indicates the geographical region based on a user-placement of the plurality of drag points on the displayed map data. 11. The electronic device according to claim 9, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
receive a second user input, via one of the plurality of drag points on the displayed map data; and update the geographical region based on the received second user input. 12. The electronic device according to claim 1,
wherein the vehicle data of the first vehicle includes at least one of time-stamp information, the geo-location information, and vehicle-log information, and wherein the vehicle-log information includes at least one of: trip information, speed/velocity information, acceleration information, carbon-footprint information, fuel efficiency information, engine speed information, battery information, temperature information, vehicle model information, throttle position information, brakes information, pressure information, or driving behavior information, associated with the first vehicle. 13. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
control the display screen to display the vehicle data; receive a third user input, via a second set of UI elements on the display screen, wherein the third user input indicates a selection of a second portion of the vehicle data; and control a communication of the second portion of the vehicle data with the server based on the received third user input. 14. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
receive a fourth user input, via a third UI element on the display screen, wherein the fourth user input indicates time-period information; extract time-stamp information from the vehicle data; and control the communication of the first portion of the vehicle data with the server based on a first time-period in the extracted time-stamp information and the indicated time-period information, wherein the first portion of the vehicle data corresponds to the first time-period. 15. A first server, comprising:
a memory configured to store vehicle data associated with a vehicle; and circuitry coupled to the memory, wherein the circuitry is configured to:
receive a first user input from an electronic device, wherein the first user input indicates a geographical region;
extract geo-location information from the vehicle data associated with the vehicle;
identify a first portion of the vehicle data based on a first geo-location in the extracted geo-location information of the vehicle data and the indicated geographical region, wherein the first portion of the vehicle data corresponds to the first geo-location; and
update the stored vehicle data based on the identified first portion of the vehicle data. 16. The first server according to claim 15, wherein the circuitry is further configured to delete the first portion of the vehicle data to update the vehicle data based on an inclusion of the first geo-location within the indicated geographical region. 17. The first server according to claim 15, wherein the circuitry is further configured to control a communication of the identified first portion of the vehicle data with a second server based on an inclusion of the first geo-location within the indicated geographical region, and wherein the control corresponds to a restriction of the communication of the identified first portion of the vehicle data with the second server. 18. The first server according to claim 15, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
receive a third user input from the electronic device, wherein the third user input indicates a selection of a second portion of the vehicle data; and update the stored vehicle data based on the selected second portion of the vehicle data. 19. The first server according to claim 15, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
receive a fourth user input from the electronic device, wherein the fourth user input indicates time-period information; extract time-stamp information from the vehicle data; identify the first portion of the vehicle data based on a first time-period in the extracted time-stamp information of the vehicle data and the indicated time-period information, wherein the first portion of the vehicle data corresponds to the first time-period; and update the stored vehicle data based on the identified first portion of the vehicle data. 20. A method, comprising:
in an electronic device which comprises a display screen configured to display map data and a user interface (UI) element:
receiving a first user input, via the UI element, wherein the first user input indicates a geographical region on the displayed map data;
extracting geo-location information from vehicle data associated with a vehicle; and
controlling a communication of a first portion of the vehicle data with a server based on a first geo-location in the extracted geo-location information of the vehicle data and the indicated geographical region, wherein the first portion of the vehicle data corresponds to the first geo-location. | An electronic device that includes a display screen and circuitry is provided. The display screen displays map data and a user interface (UI) element. The circuitry receives a first user input, via the UI element. The first user input indicates a geographical region on the displayed map data. The circuitry extracts geo-location information from vehicle data associated with a vehicle. The circuitry further controls a communication of a first portion of the vehicle data with a server based on a first geo-location in the extracted geo-location information of the vehicle data and the indicated geographical region. The first portion of the vehicle data corresponds to the first geo-location.1. An electronic device, comprising:
a display screen configured to display map data and a first user interface (UI) element; and circuitry coupled to the display screen, wherein the circuitry is configured to:
receive a first user input, via the first UI element, wherein the first user input indicates a geographical region on the displayed map data;
extract geo-location information from vehicle data associated with a first vehicle; and
control a communication of a first portion of the vehicle data with a server based on a first geo-location in the extracted geo-location information of the vehicle data and the indicated geographical region, wherein the first portion of the vehicle data corresponds to the first geo-location. 2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the control of the communication of the first portion of the vehicle data with the server is based on an inclusion of the first geo-location within the indicated geographical region. 3. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the control of the communication of the first portion of the vehicle data corresponds to a restriction associated with the communication of the first portion of the vehicle data with the server. 4. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to allow a communication of a second portion of the vehicle data with the server based on a second geo-location in the extracted geo-location information of the vehicle data and the indicated geographical region,
wherein the second portion of the vehicle data corresponds to the second geo-location and is different from the first portion of the vehicle data, and wherein the second geo-location is outside the geographical region indicated by the first user input. 5. The electronic device according to claim 4, wherein the circuitry is further configured to control the communication of the first portion of the vehicle data or the communication of the second portion of the vehicle data, with an electronic control device of a second vehicle. 6. The electronic device according to claim 5, wherein the circuitry is further configured to receive driving behavior information or carbon emission information, associated with the first vehicle, from the server or from the electronic control device of the second vehicle. 7. The electronic device according to claim 4, wherein the circuitry is further configured to receive business information from the server, based on the communication of the second portion of the vehicle data with the server. 8. The electronic device according to claim 4, wherein the circuitry is further configured to receive reward information from the server based on the control of the communication of the first portion of the vehicle data or the communication of the second portion of the vehicle data. 9. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the first UI element includes a plurality of drag points and is overlaid on the displayed map data,
wherein each of the plurality of drag points on the first UI element corresponds to a geo-location of a plurality of geo-locations on the displayed map data, and wherein the geographical region includes the plurality of geo-locations associated with the plurality of drag points. 10. The electronic device according to claim 9, wherein the received first user input indicates the geographical region based on a user-placement of the plurality of drag points on the displayed map data. 11. The electronic device according to claim 9, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
receive a second user input, via one of the plurality of drag points on the displayed map data; and update the geographical region based on the received second user input. 12. The electronic device according to claim 1,
wherein the vehicle data of the first vehicle includes at least one of time-stamp information, the geo-location information, and vehicle-log information, and wherein the vehicle-log information includes at least one of: trip information, speed/velocity information, acceleration information, carbon-footprint information, fuel efficiency information, engine speed information, battery information, temperature information, vehicle model information, throttle position information, brakes information, pressure information, or driving behavior information, associated with the first vehicle. 13. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
control the display screen to display the vehicle data; receive a third user input, via a second set of UI elements on the display screen, wherein the third user input indicates a selection of a second portion of the vehicle data; and control a communication of the second portion of the vehicle data with the server based on the received third user input. 14. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
receive a fourth user input, via a third UI element on the display screen, wherein the fourth user input indicates time-period information; extract time-stamp information from the vehicle data; and control the communication of the first portion of the vehicle data with the server based on a first time-period in the extracted time-stamp information and the indicated time-period information, wherein the first portion of the vehicle data corresponds to the first time-period. 15. A first server, comprising:
a memory configured to store vehicle data associated with a vehicle; and circuitry coupled to the memory, wherein the circuitry is configured to:
receive a first user input from an electronic device, wherein the first user input indicates a geographical region;
extract geo-location information from the vehicle data associated with the vehicle;
identify a first portion of the vehicle data based on a first geo-location in the extracted geo-location information of the vehicle data and the indicated geographical region, wherein the first portion of the vehicle data corresponds to the first geo-location; and
update the stored vehicle data based on the identified first portion of the vehicle data. 16. The first server according to claim 15, wherein the circuitry is further configured to delete the first portion of the vehicle data to update the vehicle data based on an inclusion of the first geo-location within the indicated geographical region. 17. The first server according to claim 15, wherein the circuitry is further configured to control a communication of the identified first portion of the vehicle data with a second server based on an inclusion of the first geo-location within the indicated geographical region, and wherein the control corresponds to a restriction of the communication of the identified first portion of the vehicle data with the second server. 18. The first server according to claim 15, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
receive a third user input from the electronic device, wherein the third user input indicates a selection of a second portion of the vehicle data; and update the stored vehicle data based on the selected second portion of the vehicle data. 19. The first server according to claim 15, wherein the circuitry is further configured to:
receive a fourth user input from the electronic device, wherein the fourth user input indicates time-period information; extract time-stamp information from the vehicle data; identify the first portion of the vehicle data based on a first time-period in the extracted time-stamp information of the vehicle data and the indicated time-period information, wherein the first portion of the vehicle data corresponds to the first time-period; and update the stored vehicle data based on the identified first portion of the vehicle data. 20. A method, comprising:
in an electronic device which comprises a display screen configured to display map data and a user interface (UI) element:
receiving a first user input, via the UI element, wherein the first user input indicates a geographical region on the displayed map data;
extracting geo-location information from vehicle data associated with a vehicle; and
controlling a communication of a first portion of the vehicle data with a server based on a first geo-location in the extracted geo-location information of the vehicle data and the indicated geographical region, wherein the first portion of the vehicle data corresponds to the first geo-location. | 3,700 |
341,102 | 16,801,404 | 3,784 | An anvil assembly for use with a circular stapling instrument includes an anvil center rod and an anvil head. The anvil head includes an anvil housing, a backup member and at least one retainer. The backup member is configured for longitudinal movement from an initial longitudinal position retaining the anvil head in a first operative condition to an advanced longitudinal position permitting pivotal movement of the anvil head to a second tilted condition. | 1. A surgical anvil assembly for use with a circular stapling instrument, comprising:
an anvil center rod; an anvil head pivotally coupled to the anvil center rod and movable between a first operative condition and a second tilted condition, the anvil head including:
an anvil housing defining a central longitudinal axis;
a backup member disposed within the anvil housing, the backup member configured for longitudinal movement relative to the anvil housing from an initial longitudinal position retaining the anvil head in the first operative condition to an advanced longitudinal position permitting pivotal movement of the anvil head to the second tilted condition, the backup member including an outer plate segment having a plurality of force transfer projections; and
a retainer positioned in the anvil housing adjacent the backup member, the retainer configured to retain the backup member in the initial longitudinal position, the retainer including an outer retainer segment defining an outer deformable region in general longitudinal alignment with the force transfer projections of the backup member, the outer deformable region configured to be engaged by the force transfer projections of the backup member and at least partially deform upon application of a predetermined longitudinal force to the backup member to permit the backup member to move to the advanced longitudinal position. 2. The anvil assembly according to claim 1 wherein the anvil housing includes a housing wall, the retainer being at least partially positioned between the housing wall and the backup member. 3. The anvil assembly according to claim 2 wherein the force transfer projections of the backup member are coaxially arranged with respect to the central longitudinal axis. 4. The anvil assembly according to claim 3 wherein the outer deformable region of the retainer is coaxially arranged about the central longitudinal axis. 5. The anvil assembly according to claim 4 wherein the outer retainer segment includes at least two grooves defined therein, the outer deformable region being defined at least in part between the two grooves. 6. The anvil assembly according to claim 5 wherein the at least two grooves are annular and coaxially arranged about the central longitudinal axis. 7. The anvil assembly according to claim 2 wherein the outer deformable region is configured to fracture relative to the outer retainer segment upon engagement with the force transfer projections of the backup member upon application of the predetermined longitudinal force to the backup member. 8. The anvil assembly according to claim 2 wherein the retainer includes an inner deformable ring radial inward of the outer deformable region, the inner deformable ring configured to be engaged by the backup member and at least partially deform upon application of the predetermined longitudinal force to the backup member. 9. The anvil assembly according to claim 8 wherein the inner deformable ring is configured to fracture upon application of the predetermined longitudinal force to the backup member. 10. The anvil assembly according to claim 2 including a cut ring positioned adjacent the backup member. 11. The anvil assembly according to claim 10 wherein the anvil head includes an anvil post depending from the housing wall, wherein the retainer, the backup member and the cut ring are coaxially mounted about the anvil post. 12. An end effector for use with a circular stapling instrument, comprising:
a cartridge assembly including a cartridge housing and an annular knife, the annular knife configured for advancing movement from an unactuated position to an actuated position; and an anvil assembly mountable relative to the cartridge assembly, the anvil assembly including:
an anvil center rod; and
an anvil head pivotally coupled to the anvil center rod and movable between a first operative condition and a second tilted condition, the anvil head including:
an anvil housing defining a central longitudinal axis;
a backup member disposed within the anvil housing, the backup member configured for longitudinal movement relative to the anvil housing from an initial longitudinal position retaining the anvil head in the first operative condition to an advanced longitudinal position permitting pivotal movement of the anvil head to the second tilted condition upon advancing movement of the annular knife toward the actuated position, the backup member including an outer plate segment having a plurality of force transfer projections coaxially arranged with respect to the central longitudinal axis; and
a retainer positioned in the anvil housing adjacent the backup member, the retainer configured to retain the backup member in the initial longitudinal position, the retainer including an outer retainer segment defining an annular deformable region coaxially arranged with respect to the central longitudinal axis and in general longitudinal alignment with the force transfer projections of the backup member, the annular deformable region configured to be engaged by the force transfer projections of the backup member and at least partially deform upon advancing movement of the annular knife toward the actuated position to permit the backup member to move to the advanced longitudinal position. 13. The end effector according to claim 12 wherein the retainer includes an inner deformable ring radial inward of the annular deformable region, the inner deformable ring configured to be engaged by the backup member and at least partially deform upon advancing movement of the annular knife toward the actuated position. 14. The end effector according to claim 13 wherein the annular deformable region and the inner deformable ring are each configured to fracture upon advancing movement of the annular knife toward the actuated position. 15. The end effector according to claim 12 wherein the backup member includes a pair of diametrically opposed fingers configured for engagement with the anvil center rod in the initial longitudinal position of the backup member and to maintain the anvil head in the first operative condition, and configured to release the anvil center rod upon movement to the advanced longitudinal position to permit pivoting movement of the anvil head to the second tilted condition. 16. A surgical anvil assembly for use with a circular stapling instrument, comprising:
an anvil center rod; an anvil head pivotally coupled to the anvil center rod and movable between a first operative condition and a second tilted condition, the anvil head including:
an anvil housing defining a central longitudinal axis and a cavity, the cavity defined by a distal wall surface;
a backup member disposed within the anvil housing having an inner circumferential surface and an outer circumferential surface, the backup member movable from an initial longitudinal position in which the backup member retains the anvil head in the first operative condition to an advanced longitudinal position in which the backup member permits pivotal movement of the anvil head to the second tilted condition;
an inner retainer positioned in the anvil housing adjacent the backup member, the inner retainer positioned to engage the inner circumferential surface of the backup member to retain the backup member in the initial longitudinal position, the inner retainer including a breakaway zone that is frangible upon application of a predetermined distal force on the backup member to permit movement of the backup member to the advanced longitudinal position; and
an outer retainer positioned in the anvil housing adjacent the backup member, the outer retainer positioned to engage the outer circumferential surface of the backup member to retain the backup member in the initial longitudinal position, the outer retainer including a frangible portion that is frangible upon application of a predetermined distal force on the backup member to permit movement of the backup member to the advanced longitudinal position. 17. The surgical anvil assembly according to claim 16, wherein the inner retainer includes an annular body having a distal portion, the distal portion of the annular body positioned in abutting relation to the distal wall surface of the housing. 18. The surgical anvil assembly according to claim 17, wherein the inner retainer includes a support surface that supports the inner circumferential surface of the backup member, the support member coupled to the annular body by a connecting segment having the breakaway zone. 19. The surgical anvil assembly according to claim 18, wherein the support member includes a plurality of support members spaced about the annular body. 20. The surgical anvil assembly according to claim 16, wherein the outer retainer includes a body having a proximal step and a distal step, the distal step including an abutment surface positioned to abut the distal wall surface defining the cavity, and the proximal step including a support surface positioned to support the outer circumferential surface of the backup member. 21. The surgical anvil assembly according to claim 20, wherein the outer step includes the frangible portion. 22. The surgical anvil assembly according to claim 16, further including a cut ring supported on a distal face of the backup member. 23. A surgical anvil assembly for use with a circular stapling instrument, comprising:
an anvil center rod; an anvil head pivotally coupled to the anvil center rod and movable between a first operative condition and a second tilted condition, the anvil head including: an anvil housing defining a central longitudinal axis and a cavity, the cavity defined by a distal wall surface; a backup member disposed within the anvil housing having an inner circumferential surface and an outer circumferential surface, the backup member movable from an initial longitudinal position in which the backup member retains the anvil head in the first operative condition to an advanced longitudinal position in which the backup member permits pivotal movement of the anvil head to the second tilted condition; a compliant washer supported on a distal face of the backup member; a backup washer supported on a distal face of the compliant washer, the backup washer formed of metal; a cut ring supported on a distal face of the backup washer; a retainer positioned in the anvil housing adjacent the backup member, the retainer positioned to engage the backup member to retain the backup member in the initial longitudinal position, the retainer being deformable or frangible upon application of a predetermined distal force on the backup member to permit movement of the backup member to the advanced longitudinal position; wherein the backup washer is configured to deform into the compliant washer upon application of a predetermined force on the backup washer. 25. The surgical anvil assembly according to claim 23, wherein the compliant washer is formed from rubber. 26. The surgical anvil assembly according to claim 25, wherein the backup washer is formed from stainless steel. 27. The surgical anvil assembly according to claim 23, wherein the retainer is positioned to engage the inner circumferential surface of the backup member. | An anvil assembly for use with a circular stapling instrument includes an anvil center rod and an anvil head. The anvil head includes an anvil housing, a backup member and at least one retainer. The backup member is configured for longitudinal movement from an initial longitudinal position retaining the anvil head in a first operative condition to an advanced longitudinal position permitting pivotal movement of the anvil head to a second tilted condition.1. A surgical anvil assembly for use with a circular stapling instrument, comprising:
an anvil center rod; an anvil head pivotally coupled to the anvil center rod and movable between a first operative condition and a second tilted condition, the anvil head including:
an anvil housing defining a central longitudinal axis;
a backup member disposed within the anvil housing, the backup member configured for longitudinal movement relative to the anvil housing from an initial longitudinal position retaining the anvil head in the first operative condition to an advanced longitudinal position permitting pivotal movement of the anvil head to the second tilted condition, the backup member including an outer plate segment having a plurality of force transfer projections; and
a retainer positioned in the anvil housing adjacent the backup member, the retainer configured to retain the backup member in the initial longitudinal position, the retainer including an outer retainer segment defining an outer deformable region in general longitudinal alignment with the force transfer projections of the backup member, the outer deformable region configured to be engaged by the force transfer projections of the backup member and at least partially deform upon application of a predetermined longitudinal force to the backup member to permit the backup member to move to the advanced longitudinal position. 2. The anvil assembly according to claim 1 wherein the anvil housing includes a housing wall, the retainer being at least partially positioned between the housing wall and the backup member. 3. The anvil assembly according to claim 2 wherein the force transfer projections of the backup member are coaxially arranged with respect to the central longitudinal axis. 4. The anvil assembly according to claim 3 wherein the outer deformable region of the retainer is coaxially arranged about the central longitudinal axis. 5. The anvil assembly according to claim 4 wherein the outer retainer segment includes at least two grooves defined therein, the outer deformable region being defined at least in part between the two grooves. 6. The anvil assembly according to claim 5 wherein the at least two grooves are annular and coaxially arranged about the central longitudinal axis. 7. The anvil assembly according to claim 2 wherein the outer deformable region is configured to fracture relative to the outer retainer segment upon engagement with the force transfer projections of the backup member upon application of the predetermined longitudinal force to the backup member. 8. The anvil assembly according to claim 2 wherein the retainer includes an inner deformable ring radial inward of the outer deformable region, the inner deformable ring configured to be engaged by the backup member and at least partially deform upon application of the predetermined longitudinal force to the backup member. 9. The anvil assembly according to claim 8 wherein the inner deformable ring is configured to fracture upon application of the predetermined longitudinal force to the backup member. 10. The anvil assembly according to claim 2 including a cut ring positioned adjacent the backup member. 11. The anvil assembly according to claim 10 wherein the anvil head includes an anvil post depending from the housing wall, wherein the retainer, the backup member and the cut ring are coaxially mounted about the anvil post. 12. An end effector for use with a circular stapling instrument, comprising:
a cartridge assembly including a cartridge housing and an annular knife, the annular knife configured for advancing movement from an unactuated position to an actuated position; and an anvil assembly mountable relative to the cartridge assembly, the anvil assembly including:
an anvil center rod; and
an anvil head pivotally coupled to the anvil center rod and movable between a first operative condition and a second tilted condition, the anvil head including:
an anvil housing defining a central longitudinal axis;
a backup member disposed within the anvil housing, the backup member configured for longitudinal movement relative to the anvil housing from an initial longitudinal position retaining the anvil head in the first operative condition to an advanced longitudinal position permitting pivotal movement of the anvil head to the second tilted condition upon advancing movement of the annular knife toward the actuated position, the backup member including an outer plate segment having a plurality of force transfer projections coaxially arranged with respect to the central longitudinal axis; and
a retainer positioned in the anvil housing adjacent the backup member, the retainer configured to retain the backup member in the initial longitudinal position, the retainer including an outer retainer segment defining an annular deformable region coaxially arranged with respect to the central longitudinal axis and in general longitudinal alignment with the force transfer projections of the backup member, the annular deformable region configured to be engaged by the force transfer projections of the backup member and at least partially deform upon advancing movement of the annular knife toward the actuated position to permit the backup member to move to the advanced longitudinal position. 13. The end effector according to claim 12 wherein the retainer includes an inner deformable ring radial inward of the annular deformable region, the inner deformable ring configured to be engaged by the backup member and at least partially deform upon advancing movement of the annular knife toward the actuated position. 14. The end effector according to claim 13 wherein the annular deformable region and the inner deformable ring are each configured to fracture upon advancing movement of the annular knife toward the actuated position. 15. The end effector according to claim 12 wherein the backup member includes a pair of diametrically opposed fingers configured for engagement with the anvil center rod in the initial longitudinal position of the backup member and to maintain the anvil head in the first operative condition, and configured to release the anvil center rod upon movement to the advanced longitudinal position to permit pivoting movement of the anvil head to the second tilted condition. 16. A surgical anvil assembly for use with a circular stapling instrument, comprising:
an anvil center rod; an anvil head pivotally coupled to the anvil center rod and movable between a first operative condition and a second tilted condition, the anvil head including:
an anvil housing defining a central longitudinal axis and a cavity, the cavity defined by a distal wall surface;
a backup member disposed within the anvil housing having an inner circumferential surface and an outer circumferential surface, the backup member movable from an initial longitudinal position in which the backup member retains the anvil head in the first operative condition to an advanced longitudinal position in which the backup member permits pivotal movement of the anvil head to the second tilted condition;
an inner retainer positioned in the anvil housing adjacent the backup member, the inner retainer positioned to engage the inner circumferential surface of the backup member to retain the backup member in the initial longitudinal position, the inner retainer including a breakaway zone that is frangible upon application of a predetermined distal force on the backup member to permit movement of the backup member to the advanced longitudinal position; and
an outer retainer positioned in the anvil housing adjacent the backup member, the outer retainer positioned to engage the outer circumferential surface of the backup member to retain the backup member in the initial longitudinal position, the outer retainer including a frangible portion that is frangible upon application of a predetermined distal force on the backup member to permit movement of the backup member to the advanced longitudinal position. 17. The surgical anvil assembly according to claim 16, wherein the inner retainer includes an annular body having a distal portion, the distal portion of the annular body positioned in abutting relation to the distal wall surface of the housing. 18. The surgical anvil assembly according to claim 17, wherein the inner retainer includes a support surface that supports the inner circumferential surface of the backup member, the support member coupled to the annular body by a connecting segment having the breakaway zone. 19. The surgical anvil assembly according to claim 18, wherein the support member includes a plurality of support members spaced about the annular body. 20. The surgical anvil assembly according to claim 16, wherein the outer retainer includes a body having a proximal step and a distal step, the distal step including an abutment surface positioned to abut the distal wall surface defining the cavity, and the proximal step including a support surface positioned to support the outer circumferential surface of the backup member. 21. The surgical anvil assembly according to claim 20, wherein the outer step includes the frangible portion. 22. The surgical anvil assembly according to claim 16, further including a cut ring supported on a distal face of the backup member. 23. A surgical anvil assembly for use with a circular stapling instrument, comprising:
an anvil center rod; an anvil head pivotally coupled to the anvil center rod and movable between a first operative condition and a second tilted condition, the anvil head including: an anvil housing defining a central longitudinal axis and a cavity, the cavity defined by a distal wall surface; a backup member disposed within the anvil housing having an inner circumferential surface and an outer circumferential surface, the backup member movable from an initial longitudinal position in which the backup member retains the anvil head in the first operative condition to an advanced longitudinal position in which the backup member permits pivotal movement of the anvil head to the second tilted condition; a compliant washer supported on a distal face of the backup member; a backup washer supported on a distal face of the compliant washer, the backup washer formed of metal; a cut ring supported on a distal face of the backup washer; a retainer positioned in the anvil housing adjacent the backup member, the retainer positioned to engage the backup member to retain the backup member in the initial longitudinal position, the retainer being deformable or frangible upon application of a predetermined distal force on the backup member to permit movement of the backup member to the advanced longitudinal position; wherein the backup washer is configured to deform into the compliant washer upon application of a predetermined force on the backup washer. 25. The surgical anvil assembly according to claim 23, wherein the compliant washer is formed from rubber. 26. The surgical anvil assembly according to claim 25, wherein the backup washer is formed from stainless steel. 27. The surgical anvil assembly according to claim 23, wherein the retainer is positioned to engage the inner circumferential surface of the backup member. | 3,700 |
341,103 | 16,801,384 | 3,784 | Provided are systems and methods for intelligent distributed industrial facility safety systems. In some embodiments an industrial facility safety system includes remote sensing devices (RSDs) disposed throughout an industrial facility and a facility safety control system (FSCS) adapted to collect safety data from the RSDs, where the RSDs communicate with the FSCS by way of one or more other RSDs based on RSD operational characteristics. | 1. An industrial facility safety system, comprising:
a plurality of remote sensing devices (RSDs) configured to be distributed throughout an industrial facility; and a facility safety control system (FSCS) configured to:
receive safety data from the plurality of RSDs;
process the safety data from the plurality of RSDs to determine one or more safety alerts; and
send the one or more safety alerts to one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs, each remote sensing device (RSD) of the plurality of RSDs comprising:
a sensing unit comprising one more sensors configured to sense characteristics of an environment surrounding the RSD;
a processing unit configured to process the sensed characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD to generate safety data corresponding to characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD sensed by the one or more sensors of the sensing unit of the RSD; and
a communication unit configured to:
send, to other RSDs of the plurality of RSDs and the FSCS, safety data; and
receive, from other RSDs of the plurality of RSDs and the FSCS, safety data;
each RSD of the plurality of RSDs is configured to:
identify safety data to be communicated to the FSCS by way of one or more other RSDs;
in response to identifying safety data to be communicated to the FSCS by way of one or more other RSDs:
identify one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above a threshold power level; and
select a second RSD of the plurality of RSDs from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level; and
send, to the second RSD, the safety data. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein each RSD of the plurality of RSDs is configured to:
determine one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs is in communication range of the RSD; determine whether any of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level; and in response to determining that none of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level:
identify a third RSD of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD that has a highest power level; and
send, to the third RSD, the safety data. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein each RSD of the plurality of RSDs is configured to:
determine one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs is in communication range of the RSD; determine whether any of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level; and in response to determining that none of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level:
broadcast the safety data for receipt by one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein selecting the second RSD of the plurality of RSDs from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level comprises:
determining the second RSD to have a highest power level of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level; and selecting, from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level, the second RSD based on the second RSD being determined to have the highest power level of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein selecting the second RSD of the plurality of RSDs from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level comprises:
determining the second RSD to have a closest proximity to the FSCS of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level; and selecting, from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level, the second RSD based on the second RSD being determined to have the closest proximity to the FSCS of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the proximity of the second RSD to the FSCS is determined based on a preconfigured assignment of the second RSD, a geographic location of the second RSD, a signal strength between the second RSD and the FSCS, or a dynamic hop query of the second RSD. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the second RSD is configured to send, to the FSCS or another RSD of the plurality of RSDs, the safety data sent to the second RSD. 8. A method of operating an industrial facility safety system, the method comprising:
identifying, by a remote sensing device (RSD) of a plurality of remote sensing devices (RSDs) of an industrial facility safety system distributed throughout an industrial facility, safety data to be communicated to the FSCS by way of one or more other RSDs,
the industrial facility safety system comprising:
a facility safety control system (FSCS) configured to:
receive safety data from the plurality of RSDs;
process the safety data from the plurality of RSDs to determine one or more safety alerts; and
send the one or more safety alerts to one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs; and
the plurality of RSDs, wherein each RSD of the plurality of RSDs comprises:
a sensing unit comprising one more sensors configured to sense characteristics of an environment surrounding the RSD;
a processing unit configured to process the sensed characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD to generate safety data corresponding to characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD sensed by the one or more sensors of the sensing unit of the RSD; and
a communication unit configured to:
send, to other RSDs of the plurality of RSDs and the FSCS, safety data; and
receive, from other RSDs of the plurality of RSDs and the FSCS, safety data;
performing, by the RSD in response to identifying safety data to be communicated to the FSCS by way of one or more other RSDs, the following:
identifying one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above a threshold power level; and
selecting a second RSD of the plurality of RSDs from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level; and
sending, to the second RSD, the safety data. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising the RSD performing the following:
determining one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs is in communication range of the RSD; determining that none of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level; and in response to determining that none of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level:
identifying a third RSD of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD that has the highest power level; and
sending, to the third RSD, second safety data. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising the RSD performing the following:
determining one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs is in communication range of the RSD; determining that none of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level; and in response to determining that none of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level:
broadcasting second safety data for receipt by one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein selecting the second RSD of the plurality of RSDs from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level comprises:
determining the second RSD to have a highest power level of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level; and selecting, from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level, the second RSD based on the second RSD being determined to have the highest power level of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein selecting the second RSD of the plurality of RSDs from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level comprises:
determining the second RSD to have a closest proximity to the FSCS of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level; and selecting, from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level, the second RSD based on the second RSD being determined to have the closest proximity to the FSCS of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the proximity of the second RSD to the FSCS is determined based on a preconfigured assignment of the second RSD, a geographic location of the second RSD, a signal strength between the second RSD and the FSCS, or a dynamic hop query of the second RSD. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising the second RSD sending, to the FSCS or another RSD of the plurality of RSDs, the safety data sent to the second RSD. 15. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising program instructions stored thereon that are executable by a computer processor to cause the following operations for operating an industrial facility safety system:
identifying, by a remote sensing device (RSD) of a plurality of remote sensing devices (RSDs) of an industrial facility safety system distributed throughout an industrial facility, safety data to be communicated to the FSCS by way of one or more other RSDs,
the industrial facility safety system comprising:
a facility safety control system (FSCS) configured to:
receive safety data from the plurality of RSDs;
process the safety data from the plurality of RSDs to determine one or more safety alerts; and
send the one or more safety alerts to one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs; and
the plurality of RSDs, wherein each RSD of the plurality of RSDs comprises:
a sensing unit comprising one more sensors configured to sense characteristics of an environment surrounding the RSD;
a processing unit configured to process the sensed characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD to generate safety data corresponding to characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD sensed by the one or more sensors of the sensing unit of the RSD; and
a communication unit configured to:
send, to other RSDs of the plurality of RSDs and the FSCS, safety data; and
receive, from other RSDs of the plurality of RSDs and the FSCS, safety data;
performing, by the RSD in response to identifying safety data to be communicated to the FSCS by way of one or more other RSDs, the following:
identifying one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above a threshold power level; and
selecting a second RSD of the plurality of RSDs from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level; and
sending, to the second RSD, the safety data. 16. The medium of claim 15, further comprising the RSD performing the following:
determining one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs is in communication range of the RSD; determining that none of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level; and in response to determining that none of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level:
identifying a third RSD of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD that has the highest power level; and
sending, to the third RSD, second safety data. 17. The medium of claim 15, further comprising the RSD performing the following:
determining one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs is in communication range of the RSD; determining that none of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level; and in response to determining that none of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level:
broadcasting second safety data for receipt by one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs. 18. The medium of claim 15, wherein selecting the second RSD of the plurality of RSDs from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level comprises:
determining the second RSD to have a highest power level of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level; and selecting, from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level, the second RSD based on the second RSD being determined to have the highest power level of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level. 19. The medium of claim 15, wherein selecting the second RSD of the plurality of RSDs from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level comprises:
determining the second RSD to have a closest proximity to the FSCS of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level; and selecting, from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level, the second RSD based on the second RSD being determined to have the closest proximity to the FSCS of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level. 20. The medium of claim 19, wherein the proximity of the second RSD to the FSCS is determined based on a preconfigured assignment of the second RSD, a geographic location of the second RSD, a signal strength between the second RSD and the FSCS, or a dynamic hop query of the second RSD. | Provided are systems and methods for intelligent distributed industrial facility safety systems. In some embodiments an industrial facility safety system includes remote sensing devices (RSDs) disposed throughout an industrial facility and a facility safety control system (FSCS) adapted to collect safety data from the RSDs, where the RSDs communicate with the FSCS by way of one or more other RSDs based on RSD operational characteristics.1. An industrial facility safety system, comprising:
a plurality of remote sensing devices (RSDs) configured to be distributed throughout an industrial facility; and a facility safety control system (FSCS) configured to:
receive safety data from the plurality of RSDs;
process the safety data from the plurality of RSDs to determine one or more safety alerts; and
send the one or more safety alerts to one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs, each remote sensing device (RSD) of the plurality of RSDs comprising:
a sensing unit comprising one more sensors configured to sense characteristics of an environment surrounding the RSD;
a processing unit configured to process the sensed characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD to generate safety data corresponding to characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD sensed by the one or more sensors of the sensing unit of the RSD; and
a communication unit configured to:
send, to other RSDs of the plurality of RSDs and the FSCS, safety data; and
receive, from other RSDs of the plurality of RSDs and the FSCS, safety data;
each RSD of the plurality of RSDs is configured to:
identify safety data to be communicated to the FSCS by way of one or more other RSDs;
in response to identifying safety data to be communicated to the FSCS by way of one or more other RSDs:
identify one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above a threshold power level; and
select a second RSD of the plurality of RSDs from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level; and
send, to the second RSD, the safety data. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein each RSD of the plurality of RSDs is configured to:
determine one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs is in communication range of the RSD; determine whether any of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level; and in response to determining that none of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level:
identify a third RSD of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD that has a highest power level; and
send, to the third RSD, the safety data. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein each RSD of the plurality of RSDs is configured to:
determine one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs is in communication range of the RSD; determine whether any of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level; and in response to determining that none of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level:
broadcast the safety data for receipt by one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein selecting the second RSD of the plurality of RSDs from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level comprises:
determining the second RSD to have a highest power level of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level; and selecting, from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level, the second RSD based on the second RSD being determined to have the highest power level of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein selecting the second RSD of the plurality of RSDs from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level comprises:
determining the second RSD to have a closest proximity to the FSCS of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level; and selecting, from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level, the second RSD based on the second RSD being determined to have the closest proximity to the FSCS of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the proximity of the second RSD to the FSCS is determined based on a preconfigured assignment of the second RSD, a geographic location of the second RSD, a signal strength between the second RSD and the FSCS, or a dynamic hop query of the second RSD. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the second RSD is configured to send, to the FSCS or another RSD of the plurality of RSDs, the safety data sent to the second RSD. 8. A method of operating an industrial facility safety system, the method comprising:
identifying, by a remote sensing device (RSD) of a plurality of remote sensing devices (RSDs) of an industrial facility safety system distributed throughout an industrial facility, safety data to be communicated to the FSCS by way of one or more other RSDs,
the industrial facility safety system comprising:
a facility safety control system (FSCS) configured to:
receive safety data from the plurality of RSDs;
process the safety data from the plurality of RSDs to determine one or more safety alerts; and
send the one or more safety alerts to one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs; and
the plurality of RSDs, wherein each RSD of the plurality of RSDs comprises:
a sensing unit comprising one more sensors configured to sense characteristics of an environment surrounding the RSD;
a processing unit configured to process the sensed characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD to generate safety data corresponding to characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD sensed by the one or more sensors of the sensing unit of the RSD; and
a communication unit configured to:
send, to other RSDs of the plurality of RSDs and the FSCS, safety data; and
receive, from other RSDs of the plurality of RSDs and the FSCS, safety data;
performing, by the RSD in response to identifying safety data to be communicated to the FSCS by way of one or more other RSDs, the following:
identifying one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above a threshold power level; and
selecting a second RSD of the plurality of RSDs from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level; and
sending, to the second RSD, the safety data. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising the RSD performing the following:
determining one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs is in communication range of the RSD; determining that none of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level; and in response to determining that none of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level:
identifying a third RSD of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD that has the highest power level; and
sending, to the third RSD, second safety data. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising the RSD performing the following:
determining one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs is in communication range of the RSD; determining that none of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level; and in response to determining that none of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level:
broadcasting second safety data for receipt by one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein selecting the second RSD of the plurality of RSDs from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level comprises:
determining the second RSD to have a highest power level of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level; and selecting, from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level, the second RSD based on the second RSD being determined to have the highest power level of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein selecting the second RSD of the plurality of RSDs from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level comprises:
determining the second RSD to have a closest proximity to the FSCS of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level; and selecting, from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level, the second RSD based on the second RSD being determined to have the closest proximity to the FSCS of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the proximity of the second RSD to the FSCS is determined based on a preconfigured assignment of the second RSD, a geographic location of the second RSD, a signal strength between the second RSD and the FSCS, or a dynamic hop query of the second RSD. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising the second RSD sending, to the FSCS or another RSD of the plurality of RSDs, the safety data sent to the second RSD. 15. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising program instructions stored thereon that are executable by a computer processor to cause the following operations for operating an industrial facility safety system:
identifying, by a remote sensing device (RSD) of a plurality of remote sensing devices (RSDs) of an industrial facility safety system distributed throughout an industrial facility, safety data to be communicated to the FSCS by way of one or more other RSDs,
the industrial facility safety system comprising:
a facility safety control system (FSCS) configured to:
receive safety data from the plurality of RSDs;
process the safety data from the plurality of RSDs to determine one or more safety alerts; and
send the one or more safety alerts to one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs; and
the plurality of RSDs, wherein each RSD of the plurality of RSDs comprises:
a sensing unit comprising one more sensors configured to sense characteristics of an environment surrounding the RSD;
a processing unit configured to process the sensed characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD to generate safety data corresponding to characteristics of the environment surrounding the RSD sensed by the one or more sensors of the sensing unit of the RSD; and
a communication unit configured to:
send, to other RSDs of the plurality of RSDs and the FSCS, safety data; and
receive, from other RSDs of the plurality of RSDs and the FSCS, safety data;
performing, by the RSD in response to identifying safety data to be communicated to the FSCS by way of one or more other RSDs, the following:
identifying one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above a threshold power level; and
selecting a second RSD of the plurality of RSDs from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level; and
sending, to the second RSD, the safety data. 16. The medium of claim 15, further comprising the RSD performing the following:
determining one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs is in communication range of the RSD; determining that none of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level; and in response to determining that none of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level:
identifying a third RSD of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD that has the highest power level; and
sending, to the third RSD, second safety data. 17. The medium of claim 15, further comprising the RSD performing the following:
determining one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs is in communication range of the RSD; determining that none of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level; and in response to determining that none of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs determined to be in communication range of the RSD has a power level above the threshold power level:
broadcasting second safety data for receipt by one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs. 18. The medium of claim 15, wherein selecting the second RSD of the plurality of RSDs from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level comprises:
determining the second RSD to have a highest power level of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level; and selecting, from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level, the second RSD based on the second RSD being determined to have the highest power level of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level. 19. The medium of claim 15, wherein selecting the second RSD of the plurality of RSDs from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level comprises:
determining the second RSD to have a closest proximity to the FSCS of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level; and selecting, from the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level, the second RSD based on the second RSD being determined to have the closest proximity to the FSCS of the one or more RSDs of the plurality of RSDs identified as being in communication range of the RSD and having a power level above the threshold power level. 20. The medium of claim 19, wherein the proximity of the second RSD to the FSCS is determined based on a preconfigured assignment of the second RSD, a geographic location of the second RSD, a signal strength between the second RSD and the FSCS, or a dynamic hop query of the second RSD. | 3,700 |
341,104 | 16,801,446 | 3,678 | An adjustable shoe has a first part and a second part with respective bodies with inner, outer, top, and bottom surfaces. The second part is attachable to first part to define an opening itself defining a central axis and being configured for receiving the baluster therethrough. The opening is configured so that the first part and the second part may be adjustably attached to the baluster with compensation for any misalignment of the baluster and the mounting surface. The adjustable shoe may include only one of the first parts and only one of the second parts, each extending about 180 degrees around the central axis. If so, the only one first part and the only one second part may be identical, and/or generally L-shaped when viewed along a line parallel to the central axis. A related assembly includes an adjustable shoe and a baluster. | 1. An adjustable shoe for a baluster attached to a mounting surface and having a longitudinal axis and cross-section of a predetermined size, the adjustable shoe comprising:
a first part having a body with an inner surface, an outer surface, a top surface, and a bottom surface; and a second part having a body with an inner surface, and outer surface a top surface and a bottom surface, the second part attachable to first part to define an opening between the at least a portion of the inner surfaces of the first part and the second part, the opening defining a central axis and being configured for receiving the baluster therethrough, the opening being configured so that the first part and the second part may be adjustably attached to the baluster with the central axis and the longitudinal axis at an angle of up to about 10 degrees to compensate for any misalignment of the baluster and the mounting surface. 2. The adjustable shoe of claim 1, wherein the at least a portion of the inner surfaces of the first part and the second part include a wall parallel to the central axis. 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. The adjustable shoe of claim 2, wherein the angle between the central axis and the longitudinal axis is about 8 degrees. 6. The adjustable shoe of claim 1, wherein the at least a portion of the inner surfaces of the first part and the second part include a wall non-aligned with the central axis so as to form a frustum. 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. The adjustable shoe of claim 6, wherein the angle between the central axis and the longitudinal axis is about 8 degrees. 10. The adjustable shoe of claim 6, wherein the angle between the central axis and the wall is about 8 degrees. 11. (canceled) 12. The adjustable shoe of claim 1, wherein the first part and the second part are removably attachable to each other. 13. The adjustable shoe of claim 12, wherein the first part and second part have cooperating tabs and slots for removable attachment via sliding in a direction along the central axis. 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. The adjustable shoe of claim 1, further including a cap attachable to the top surfaces of the first part and the second part. 17. The adjustable shoe of claim 16, wherein the top surfaces of the first part and the second part define a recess for receiving the cap in a snap fit. 18. The adjustable shoe of claim 16, wherein the cap defines an opening sized for receipt of the baluster therethrough. 19. (canceled) 20. The adjustable shoe of claim 16, wherein the cap is formed of a resiliently deformable material. 21. The adjustable shoe of claim 16, wherein the cap on one hand and the first part and the second part on the other hand are sized for frictional engagement wherein upon assembly the cap is secured to the first part and the second part thereby and the first part and the second part are secured to the baluster thereby. 22-24. (canceled) 25. The adjustable shoe of claim 1, wherein the adjustable shoe includes only one of the first parts and only one of the second parts, the only one first part and the only one second part each extending about 180 degrees around the central axis. 26. The adjustable shoe of claim 25, wherein the only one first part and the only one second part are identical. 27. The adjustable shoe of claim 25, the only one first part and the only one second part are generally L-shaped when viewed along a line parallel to the central axis. 28-30. (canceled) 31. An adjustable shoe for a baluster attached to a mounting surface and having a longitudinal axis and cross-section of a predetermined size, the adjustable shoe comprising:
a first part having a body with an inner surface, an outer surface, a top surface, and a bottom surface; a second part having a body with an inner surface, and outer surface a top surface and a bottom surface, the second part attachable to first part to define an opening between the at least a portion of the inner surfaces of the first part and the second part, the opening defining a central axis and being configured for receiving the baluster therethrough, the opening being configured so that the first part and the second part may be adjustably attached to the baluster with the central axis pivotable relative to the longitudinal axis to compensate for any misalignment of the baluster and the mounting surface; and a cap attached to the top surfaces of the first part and the second part and around the baluster, the cap defining an opening sized for receipt of the baluster therethrough, the cap being formed of a resiliently deformable material softer than the first part, the second part, and the baluster so that the cap secures the first part and the second part to the baluster. 32-36. (canceled) 37. The adjustable shoe of claim 31, wherein the adjustable shoe includes only one of the first parts and only one of the second parts, the only one first part and the only one second part each extending about 180 degrees around the central axis. 38. The adjustable shoe of claim 37, wherein the only one first part and the only one second part are identical. 39. The adjustable shoe of claim 37, the only one first part and the only one second part are generally L-shaped when viewed along a line parallel to the central axis. | An adjustable shoe has a first part and a second part with respective bodies with inner, outer, top, and bottom surfaces. The second part is attachable to first part to define an opening itself defining a central axis and being configured for receiving the baluster therethrough. The opening is configured so that the first part and the second part may be adjustably attached to the baluster with compensation for any misalignment of the baluster and the mounting surface. The adjustable shoe may include only one of the first parts and only one of the second parts, each extending about 180 degrees around the central axis. If so, the only one first part and the only one second part may be identical, and/or generally L-shaped when viewed along a line parallel to the central axis. A related assembly includes an adjustable shoe and a baluster.1. An adjustable shoe for a baluster attached to a mounting surface and having a longitudinal axis and cross-section of a predetermined size, the adjustable shoe comprising:
a first part having a body with an inner surface, an outer surface, a top surface, and a bottom surface; and a second part having a body with an inner surface, and outer surface a top surface and a bottom surface, the second part attachable to first part to define an opening between the at least a portion of the inner surfaces of the first part and the second part, the opening defining a central axis and being configured for receiving the baluster therethrough, the opening being configured so that the first part and the second part may be adjustably attached to the baluster with the central axis and the longitudinal axis at an angle of up to about 10 degrees to compensate for any misalignment of the baluster and the mounting surface. 2. The adjustable shoe of claim 1, wherein the at least a portion of the inner surfaces of the first part and the second part include a wall parallel to the central axis. 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. The adjustable shoe of claim 2, wherein the angle between the central axis and the longitudinal axis is about 8 degrees. 6. The adjustable shoe of claim 1, wherein the at least a portion of the inner surfaces of the first part and the second part include a wall non-aligned with the central axis so as to form a frustum. 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. The adjustable shoe of claim 6, wherein the angle between the central axis and the longitudinal axis is about 8 degrees. 10. The adjustable shoe of claim 6, wherein the angle between the central axis and the wall is about 8 degrees. 11. (canceled) 12. The adjustable shoe of claim 1, wherein the first part and the second part are removably attachable to each other. 13. The adjustable shoe of claim 12, wherein the first part and second part have cooperating tabs and slots for removable attachment via sliding in a direction along the central axis. 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. The adjustable shoe of claim 1, further including a cap attachable to the top surfaces of the first part and the second part. 17. The adjustable shoe of claim 16, wherein the top surfaces of the first part and the second part define a recess for receiving the cap in a snap fit. 18. The adjustable shoe of claim 16, wherein the cap defines an opening sized for receipt of the baluster therethrough. 19. (canceled) 20. The adjustable shoe of claim 16, wherein the cap is formed of a resiliently deformable material. 21. The adjustable shoe of claim 16, wherein the cap on one hand and the first part and the second part on the other hand are sized for frictional engagement wherein upon assembly the cap is secured to the first part and the second part thereby and the first part and the second part are secured to the baluster thereby. 22-24. (canceled) 25. The adjustable shoe of claim 1, wherein the adjustable shoe includes only one of the first parts and only one of the second parts, the only one first part and the only one second part each extending about 180 degrees around the central axis. 26. The adjustable shoe of claim 25, wherein the only one first part and the only one second part are identical. 27. The adjustable shoe of claim 25, the only one first part and the only one second part are generally L-shaped when viewed along a line parallel to the central axis. 28-30. (canceled) 31. An adjustable shoe for a baluster attached to a mounting surface and having a longitudinal axis and cross-section of a predetermined size, the adjustable shoe comprising:
a first part having a body with an inner surface, an outer surface, a top surface, and a bottom surface; a second part having a body with an inner surface, and outer surface a top surface and a bottom surface, the second part attachable to first part to define an opening between the at least a portion of the inner surfaces of the first part and the second part, the opening defining a central axis and being configured for receiving the baluster therethrough, the opening being configured so that the first part and the second part may be adjustably attached to the baluster with the central axis pivotable relative to the longitudinal axis to compensate for any misalignment of the baluster and the mounting surface; and a cap attached to the top surfaces of the first part and the second part and around the baluster, the cap defining an opening sized for receipt of the baluster therethrough, the cap being formed of a resiliently deformable material softer than the first part, the second part, and the baluster so that the cap secures the first part and the second part to the baluster. 32-36. (canceled) 37. The adjustable shoe of claim 31, wherein the adjustable shoe includes only one of the first parts and only one of the second parts, the only one first part and the only one second part each extending about 180 degrees around the central axis. 38. The adjustable shoe of claim 37, wherein the only one first part and the only one second part are identical. 39. The adjustable shoe of claim 37, the only one first part and the only one second part are generally L-shaped when viewed along a line parallel to the central axis. | 3,600 |
341,105 | 16,801,439 | 2,858 | A defect sensing apparatus is configured to identify defects or targets in materials. A further aspect of the defect sensing apparatus includes a reference split-ring resonator coupled to the microstrip. The defect sensing apparatus includes a reference split-ring resonator located on a reference side of the microstrip and a first sensing split-ring resonator located on a sensing side of the microstrip. | 1. A defect sensing apparatus comprising:
a microstrip transmission line along a length of the defect sensing apparatus; a reference split-ring resonator coupled to the microstrip transmission line, the reference split-ring resonator being located on a reference side of the microstrip transmission line; a first sensing split-ring resonator coupled to the microstrip transmission line, the first sensing split-ring resonator being located on a sensing side of the microstrip transmission line; and a second sensing split-ring resonator coupled to the microstrip transmission line, the second sensing split-ring resonator being located on the sensing side of the microstrip transmission line, wherein the microstrip transmission line is configured to excite the reference split-ring resonator, the first sensing split-ring resonator, and the second sensing split-ring resonator, wherein the first sensing split-ring resonator and the second sensing split-ring resonator are configured to scan a sample. 2. The defect sensing apparatus of claim 1 wherein the sensing side of the microstrip transmission line is opposite from the reference side of the microstrip transmission line. 3. The defect sensing apparatus of claim 1 wherein the reference split-ring resonator, the first sensing split-ring resonator, and the second sensing split-ring resonator include an inner ring and an outer ring. 4. The defect sensing apparatus of claim 3 wherein the outer ring of the first sensing split-ring resonator and the second sensing split-ring resonator includes an extended tip. 5. The defect sensing apparatus of claim 4 wherein the extended tip is extended in a direction opposite from the microstrip transmission line. 6. The defect sensing apparatus of claim 3 wherein:
the inner ring includes a first gap directed toward the microstrip transmission line, and
the outer ring includes a second gap directed opposite the first gap. 7. The defect sensing apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a third sensing split-ring resonator coupled to the microstrip transmission line and located on the sensing side of the microstrip transmission line. 8. The defect sensing apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first sensing split-ring resonator resonates at a first frequency and the second sensing split-ring resonator resonates at a second frequency, and wherein the first frequency is different from the second frequency. 9. The defect sensing apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
at least one processor and a memory in data communication with the defect sensing apparatus, wherein:
the memory stores instructions for execution by the at least one processor and the instructions include:
measuring a first frequency of the first sensing split-ring resonator;
storing the first frequency as a first resonant frequency;
for a predetermined period, measuring a subsequent first frequency of the first sensing split-ring resonator; and
in response to the subsequent first frequency shifting by a predetermined threshold from the first resonant frequency within the predetermined period, generating an alert. 10. The defect sensing apparatus of claim 9 wherein the instructions include:
measuring a second frequency of the second sensing split-ring resonator;
storing the second frequency as a second resonant frequency;
for the predetermined period, measuring a subsequent frequency of the second sensing split-ring resonator; and
in response to the subsequent second first frequency shifting by the predetermined threshold from the second resonant frequency within the predetermined period, generating the alert. 11. The defect sensing apparatus of claim 9 wherein the instructions include:
measuring a reference frequency of the reference split-ring resonator;
storing the reference frequency; and
in response to the first frequency shifting by the predetermined threshold from the reference frequency within the predetermined period, generating the alert. 12. A defect sensing system comprising:
a first sensing split-ring resonator, a second sensing split-ring resonator, and a reference sensing split-ring resonator mounted on a board, the board including a microstrip transmission line separating the reference sensing split-ring resonator; at least one processor; and a memory, wherein the memory stores a measured frequency database and instructions for execution by the at least one processor, the instructions include:
measuring (i) a first frequency of the first sensing split-ring resonator and (ii) a second frequency of the second sensing split-ring resonator;
storing, in the measured frequency database, the first frequency and the second frequency;
repeating measuring (i) the first frequency and (ii) the second frequency;
comparing the measured first frequency to the stored first frequency;
comparing the measured second frequency to the stored second frequency; and
in response to the comparison indicating a first frequency shift or a second frequency shift by a predetermined threshold, generating and transmitting an alert. 13. The defect sensing system of claim 12 further comprising:
a display interface,
wherein the instructions include:
repeating the measuring for a predetermined period;
plotting the measured first frequency and the measured second frequency on a frequency graph; and
displaying the frequency graph on the display interface. 14. The defect sensing system of claim 12 wherein the instructions include:
measuring a reference frequency of the reference sensing split-ring resonator, wherein the measured first frequency is compared to the measured reference frequency and, in response to the comparison indicating the first frequency shift by a first reference predetermined threshold, generating a reference alert. 15. The defect sensing system of claim 12 wherein the instructions include:
measuring a reference frequency of the reference sensing split-ring resonator, wherein the measured second frequency is compared to the measured reference frequency and, in response to the comparison indicating the second frequency shift by a second reference predetermined threshold, generating a reference alert. 16. The defect sensing system of claim 12 wherein the reference sensing split-ring resonator, the first sensing split-ring resonator, and the second sensing split-ring resonator include an inner ring and an outer ring. 17. The defect sensing system of claim 16 wherein the outer ring of the first sensing split-ring resonator and the second sensing split-ring resonator includes an extended tip. 18. The defect sensing system of claim 17 wherein the extended tip is extended in a direction opposite from the microstrip transmission line. 19. The defect sensing system of claim 16 wherein:
the inner ring includes a first gap directed toward the microstrip transmission line, and
the outer ring includes a second gap directed opposite the first gap. 20. A defect sensing apparatus comprising:
a microstrip transmission line along a length of the defect sensing apparatus, wherein the microstrip transmission line includes a first port and a second port, the second port being located on an opposite end from the first port; a reference split-ring resonator coupled to the microstrip transmission line; a first sensing split-ring resonator coupled to the microstrip transmission line; a second sensing split-ring resonator coupled to the microstrip transmission line, wherein the microstrip transmission line is configured to excite the reference split-ring resonator, the first sensing split-ring resonator, and the second sensing split-ring resonator; at least one processor; and a memory in data communication with the microstrip transmission line, via the first port and the second port, and the at least one processor, wherein the memory stores instructions for execution by the at least one processor and the instructions include:
measuring (i) a first frequency of the first sensing split-ring resonator and (ii) a second frequency of the first sensing split-ring resonator;
storing the first frequency and the second frequency;
repeating measuring (i) the first frequency and (ii) the second frequency;
comparing the measured first frequency to the stored first frequency;
comparing the measured second frequency to the stored second frequency; and
in response to the comparison indicating a first frequency shift or a second frequency shift, generating and transmitting an alert. | A defect sensing apparatus is configured to identify defects or targets in materials. A further aspect of the defect sensing apparatus includes a reference split-ring resonator coupled to the microstrip. The defect sensing apparatus includes a reference split-ring resonator located on a reference side of the microstrip and a first sensing split-ring resonator located on a sensing side of the microstrip.1. A defect sensing apparatus comprising:
a microstrip transmission line along a length of the defect sensing apparatus; a reference split-ring resonator coupled to the microstrip transmission line, the reference split-ring resonator being located on a reference side of the microstrip transmission line; a first sensing split-ring resonator coupled to the microstrip transmission line, the first sensing split-ring resonator being located on a sensing side of the microstrip transmission line; and a second sensing split-ring resonator coupled to the microstrip transmission line, the second sensing split-ring resonator being located on the sensing side of the microstrip transmission line, wherein the microstrip transmission line is configured to excite the reference split-ring resonator, the first sensing split-ring resonator, and the second sensing split-ring resonator, wherein the first sensing split-ring resonator and the second sensing split-ring resonator are configured to scan a sample. 2. The defect sensing apparatus of claim 1 wherein the sensing side of the microstrip transmission line is opposite from the reference side of the microstrip transmission line. 3. The defect sensing apparatus of claim 1 wherein the reference split-ring resonator, the first sensing split-ring resonator, and the second sensing split-ring resonator include an inner ring and an outer ring. 4. The defect sensing apparatus of claim 3 wherein the outer ring of the first sensing split-ring resonator and the second sensing split-ring resonator includes an extended tip. 5. The defect sensing apparatus of claim 4 wherein the extended tip is extended in a direction opposite from the microstrip transmission line. 6. The defect sensing apparatus of claim 3 wherein:
the inner ring includes a first gap directed toward the microstrip transmission line, and
the outer ring includes a second gap directed opposite the first gap. 7. The defect sensing apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a third sensing split-ring resonator coupled to the microstrip transmission line and located on the sensing side of the microstrip transmission line. 8. The defect sensing apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first sensing split-ring resonator resonates at a first frequency and the second sensing split-ring resonator resonates at a second frequency, and wherein the first frequency is different from the second frequency. 9. The defect sensing apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
at least one processor and a memory in data communication with the defect sensing apparatus, wherein:
the memory stores instructions for execution by the at least one processor and the instructions include:
measuring a first frequency of the first sensing split-ring resonator;
storing the first frequency as a first resonant frequency;
for a predetermined period, measuring a subsequent first frequency of the first sensing split-ring resonator; and
in response to the subsequent first frequency shifting by a predetermined threshold from the first resonant frequency within the predetermined period, generating an alert. 10. The defect sensing apparatus of claim 9 wherein the instructions include:
measuring a second frequency of the second sensing split-ring resonator;
storing the second frequency as a second resonant frequency;
for the predetermined period, measuring a subsequent frequency of the second sensing split-ring resonator; and
in response to the subsequent second first frequency shifting by the predetermined threshold from the second resonant frequency within the predetermined period, generating the alert. 11. The defect sensing apparatus of claim 9 wherein the instructions include:
measuring a reference frequency of the reference split-ring resonator;
storing the reference frequency; and
in response to the first frequency shifting by the predetermined threshold from the reference frequency within the predetermined period, generating the alert. 12. A defect sensing system comprising:
a first sensing split-ring resonator, a second sensing split-ring resonator, and a reference sensing split-ring resonator mounted on a board, the board including a microstrip transmission line separating the reference sensing split-ring resonator; at least one processor; and a memory, wherein the memory stores a measured frequency database and instructions for execution by the at least one processor, the instructions include:
measuring (i) a first frequency of the first sensing split-ring resonator and (ii) a second frequency of the second sensing split-ring resonator;
storing, in the measured frequency database, the first frequency and the second frequency;
repeating measuring (i) the first frequency and (ii) the second frequency;
comparing the measured first frequency to the stored first frequency;
comparing the measured second frequency to the stored second frequency; and
in response to the comparison indicating a first frequency shift or a second frequency shift by a predetermined threshold, generating and transmitting an alert. 13. The defect sensing system of claim 12 further comprising:
a display interface,
wherein the instructions include:
repeating the measuring for a predetermined period;
plotting the measured first frequency and the measured second frequency on a frequency graph; and
displaying the frequency graph on the display interface. 14. The defect sensing system of claim 12 wherein the instructions include:
measuring a reference frequency of the reference sensing split-ring resonator, wherein the measured first frequency is compared to the measured reference frequency and, in response to the comparison indicating the first frequency shift by a first reference predetermined threshold, generating a reference alert. 15. The defect sensing system of claim 12 wherein the instructions include:
measuring a reference frequency of the reference sensing split-ring resonator, wherein the measured second frequency is compared to the measured reference frequency and, in response to the comparison indicating the second frequency shift by a second reference predetermined threshold, generating a reference alert. 16. The defect sensing system of claim 12 wherein the reference sensing split-ring resonator, the first sensing split-ring resonator, and the second sensing split-ring resonator include an inner ring and an outer ring. 17. The defect sensing system of claim 16 wherein the outer ring of the first sensing split-ring resonator and the second sensing split-ring resonator includes an extended tip. 18. The defect sensing system of claim 17 wherein the extended tip is extended in a direction opposite from the microstrip transmission line. 19. The defect sensing system of claim 16 wherein:
the inner ring includes a first gap directed toward the microstrip transmission line, and
the outer ring includes a second gap directed opposite the first gap. 20. A defect sensing apparatus comprising:
a microstrip transmission line along a length of the defect sensing apparatus, wherein the microstrip transmission line includes a first port and a second port, the second port being located on an opposite end from the first port; a reference split-ring resonator coupled to the microstrip transmission line; a first sensing split-ring resonator coupled to the microstrip transmission line; a second sensing split-ring resonator coupled to the microstrip transmission line, wherein the microstrip transmission line is configured to excite the reference split-ring resonator, the first sensing split-ring resonator, and the second sensing split-ring resonator; at least one processor; and a memory in data communication with the microstrip transmission line, via the first port and the second port, and the at least one processor, wherein the memory stores instructions for execution by the at least one processor and the instructions include:
measuring (i) a first frequency of the first sensing split-ring resonator and (ii) a second frequency of the first sensing split-ring resonator;
storing the first frequency and the second frequency;
repeating measuring (i) the first frequency and (ii) the second frequency;
comparing the measured first frequency to the stored first frequency;
comparing the measured second frequency to the stored second frequency; and
in response to the comparison indicating a first frequency shift or a second frequency shift, generating and transmitting an alert. | 2,800 |
341,106 | 16,801,427 | 2,858 | A method and a device for transmitting reference signals in a wireless communication system are disclosed. For these, a sequence is acquired to be used for the reference signals, and the reference signals are transmitted through subframes comprising a first type subframe and a second type subframe. Here, the first type subframe includes a first number of OFDM symbols and the second type subframe includes a second number of OFDM symbols. And, a first position of OFDM symbol for transmitting the reference signals at the first type subframe is the same as a second position of OFDM symbol for transmitting the reference signals at the second type subframe. | 1-15. (canceled) 16. A method for receiving uplink signals by a base station (BS) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving demodulation reference signals (DMRSs) on a first time domain unit from a user equipment (UE); and receiving uplink data based on the DMRSs on the first time domain unit from the UE, wherein the first time domain unit is located within a second time domain unit, and has equal or less number of symbols than a number of symbols within the second time domain unit, and wherein the DMRSs includes (a) a front-loaded DMRS transmitted on a first symbol of the first time domain unit and (b) one or more additional DMRS transmitted on one or more second symbols of the first time domain unit located after the first symbol, wherein the first symbol corresponds to a starting symbol of the first time domain unit, wherein the first symbol is different from a starting symbol of the second time domain unit including the first time domain unit. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first time domain unit corresponds to a mini-subframe. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving the DMRSs and the uplink data on a third time domain unit from the UE, wherein the DMRSs includes (a) a front-loaded DMRS transmitted on a first symbol of the third time domain unit and (b) one or more additional DMRS transmitted on one or more second symbols of the third time domain unit located after the first symbol of the third time domain unit. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first symbol of the third time domain unit is different from a starting symbol of the third time domain unit. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the uplink data is received via a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). 21. A base station (BS) in a wireless communication system, the apparatus comprising:
a processor connected to a transceiver, configured to receive demodulation reference signals (DMRSs) on a first time domain unit from a user equipment (UE), and to receive uplink data based on the DMRSs on the first time domain unit from the UE, wherein the first time domain unit is located within a second time domain unit, and has equal or less number of symbols than a number of symbols within the second time domain unit, and wherein the DMRSs includes (a) a front-loaded DMRS transmitted on a first symbol of the first time domain unit and (b) one or more additional DMRS transmitted on one or more second symbols of the first time domain unit located after the first symbol, wherein the first symbol corresponds to a starting symbol of the first time domain unit, wherein the first symbol is different from a starting symbol of the second time domain unit including the first time domain unit. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the first time domain unit corresponds to a mini-subframe. 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the processor further controls the transceiver to receive the DMRSs and the uplink data on a third time domain unit,
wherein the DMRSs includes (a) a front-loaded DMRS transmitted on a first symbol of the third time domain unit and (b) one or more additional DMRS transmitted on one or more second symbols of the third time domain unit located after the first symbol of the third time domain unit. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the first symbol of the third time domain unit is different from a starting symbol of the third time domain unit. 25. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the uplink data is received via a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). | A method and a device for transmitting reference signals in a wireless communication system are disclosed. For these, a sequence is acquired to be used for the reference signals, and the reference signals are transmitted through subframes comprising a first type subframe and a second type subframe. Here, the first type subframe includes a first number of OFDM symbols and the second type subframe includes a second number of OFDM symbols. And, a first position of OFDM symbol for transmitting the reference signals at the first type subframe is the same as a second position of OFDM symbol for transmitting the reference signals at the second type subframe.1-15. (canceled) 16. A method for receiving uplink signals by a base station (BS) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving demodulation reference signals (DMRSs) on a first time domain unit from a user equipment (UE); and receiving uplink data based on the DMRSs on the first time domain unit from the UE, wherein the first time domain unit is located within a second time domain unit, and has equal or less number of symbols than a number of symbols within the second time domain unit, and wherein the DMRSs includes (a) a front-loaded DMRS transmitted on a first symbol of the first time domain unit and (b) one or more additional DMRS transmitted on one or more second symbols of the first time domain unit located after the first symbol, wherein the first symbol corresponds to a starting symbol of the first time domain unit, wherein the first symbol is different from a starting symbol of the second time domain unit including the first time domain unit. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first time domain unit corresponds to a mini-subframe. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving the DMRSs and the uplink data on a third time domain unit from the UE, wherein the DMRSs includes (a) a front-loaded DMRS transmitted on a first symbol of the third time domain unit and (b) one or more additional DMRS transmitted on one or more second symbols of the third time domain unit located after the first symbol of the third time domain unit. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first symbol of the third time domain unit is different from a starting symbol of the third time domain unit. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the uplink data is received via a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). 21. A base station (BS) in a wireless communication system, the apparatus comprising:
a processor connected to a transceiver, configured to receive demodulation reference signals (DMRSs) on a first time domain unit from a user equipment (UE), and to receive uplink data based on the DMRSs on the first time domain unit from the UE, wherein the first time domain unit is located within a second time domain unit, and has equal or less number of symbols than a number of symbols within the second time domain unit, and wherein the DMRSs includes (a) a front-loaded DMRS transmitted on a first symbol of the first time domain unit and (b) one or more additional DMRS transmitted on one or more second symbols of the first time domain unit located after the first symbol, wherein the first symbol corresponds to a starting symbol of the first time domain unit, wherein the first symbol is different from a starting symbol of the second time domain unit including the first time domain unit. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the first time domain unit corresponds to a mini-subframe. 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the processor further controls the transceiver to receive the DMRSs and the uplink data on a third time domain unit,
wherein the DMRSs includes (a) a front-loaded DMRS transmitted on a first symbol of the third time domain unit and (b) one or more additional DMRS transmitted on one or more second symbols of the third time domain unit located after the first symbol of the third time domain unit. 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the first symbol of the third time domain unit is different from a starting symbol of the third time domain unit. 25. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the uplink data is received via a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). | 2,800 |
341,107 | 16,801,434 | 2,858 | A water quality monitor system comprising a base having a first end and a second end is disclosed. A cover is removably coupled to the first end of the base such that the cover surrounds and covers the first end of the base. A flow cell jar is connected to the second end of the base. A sensor probe is connected to the second end of the base and extends downward into the flow cell jar. The sensor probe is configured to measure a plurality of water quality parameters. The base further includes an inlet and an outlet connected to opposing ends of the base and connected in-line to the plumbing of a swimming pool recirculation system. A controller is configured to provide a connection between the water quality monitor and a cloud- based storage system, using a wireless network. The measured water quality parameters are transmitted through the wireless network to the cloud storage system. | 1. A water quality monitor, comprising:
a base having a first end and a second end; a cover removably coupled to the first end of the base such that the cover is designed to enclose the first end of the base; a flow cell jar extending from the second end of the base; a sensor probe connected to the second end of the base and extending downwardly into the flow cell jar, the sensor probe being configured to measure a plurality of water quality parameters; an inlet and an outlet connected to opposing ends of the base and designed to be connected in-line to the plumbing of a swimming pool recirculation system; and a controller configured to provide a connection between the water quality monitor and a cloud storage system using a wireless network, wherein the measured water quality parameters are transmitted through the wireless network to the cloud storage system. 2. The water quality monitor of claim 1, wherein the plurality of water quality parameters includes one or more of pH, oxidation-reduction potential, or temperature. 3. The water quality monitor of claim 1, wherein the water quality monitor is mounted to an equipment pad. 4. The water quality monitor of claim 1, further comprising a removable antenna. 5. The water quality monitor of claim 1, further comprising a removable and rechargeable battery pack. 6. The water quality monitor of claim 1 further comprising an inlet flow control valve in fluid communication with the inlet and an outlet flow control valve in fluid communication with the outlet. 7. The water quality monitor of claim 6, further comprising a first tube connector and a second tube connector, wherein the first tube connector is configured to connect the inlet and the inlet flow control valve to a first side of the base and the second tube connector is configured to connect the outlet and the outlet flow control valve to a second side of the base. 8. The water quality monitor of claim 1, wherein the controller further comprises a flow switch, and the water quality monitor is configured to periodically check the flow switch for water flow through the swimming pool recirculation system. 9. The water quality monitor of claim 1, further comprising a wake/pair button configured to return the water quality monitor to fully active operation from reduced power consumption upon actuation of the wake/pair button. 10. The water quality monitor of claim 9, wherein the wake/pair button is also configured to pair the water quality monitor with an external electronic device upon actuation of the wake/pair button. 11. A method for remotely monitoring water quality parameters in a swimming pool using a water quality monitor, the method comprising:
connecting an inlet and an outlet of the water quality monitor in-line with a recirculation system of the swimming pool; determining whether there is sufficient fluid flow through the water quality monitor; measuring a plurality of water quality parameters using a sensor probe; connecting to a wireless internet connection; transmitting the plurality of water quality parameters through the wireless internet connection to a cloud storage system; and displaying the plurality water quality parameters on a web-based application. 12. The method of claim 11, notifying a user of one of improper swimming pool function or proper swimming function. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving information about a size of the swimming pool. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising periodically rechecking whether there is sufficient fluid flow through the water quality monitor. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of periodically rechecking whether there is sufficient fluid flow through the water quality monitor is performed at least once every 15 minutes. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of water quality parameters comprises pH, oxidation-reduction potential, and temperature. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising receiving a predetermined set of values defined for one or more of pH, oxidation-reduction potential, and temperature. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising comparing, at the cloud storage system, one or more of measured pH, oxidation-reduction potential, or temperature to the predetermined set of values defined for one or more of pH, oxidation-reduction potential, and temperature to produce a comparison. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising displaying the comparison of the plurality of water quality parameters to the predetermined set of values. 20. The method of claim 11, further comprising periodically reconnecting to the wireless internet connection to transmit the plurality of water quality parameters through the wireless internet connection to the cloud storage system. | A water quality monitor system comprising a base having a first end and a second end is disclosed. A cover is removably coupled to the first end of the base such that the cover surrounds and covers the first end of the base. A flow cell jar is connected to the second end of the base. A sensor probe is connected to the second end of the base and extends downward into the flow cell jar. The sensor probe is configured to measure a plurality of water quality parameters. The base further includes an inlet and an outlet connected to opposing ends of the base and connected in-line to the plumbing of a swimming pool recirculation system. A controller is configured to provide a connection between the water quality monitor and a cloud- based storage system, using a wireless network. The measured water quality parameters are transmitted through the wireless network to the cloud storage system.1. A water quality monitor, comprising:
a base having a first end and a second end; a cover removably coupled to the first end of the base such that the cover is designed to enclose the first end of the base; a flow cell jar extending from the second end of the base; a sensor probe connected to the second end of the base and extending downwardly into the flow cell jar, the sensor probe being configured to measure a plurality of water quality parameters; an inlet and an outlet connected to opposing ends of the base and designed to be connected in-line to the plumbing of a swimming pool recirculation system; and a controller configured to provide a connection between the water quality monitor and a cloud storage system using a wireless network, wherein the measured water quality parameters are transmitted through the wireless network to the cloud storage system. 2. The water quality monitor of claim 1, wherein the plurality of water quality parameters includes one or more of pH, oxidation-reduction potential, or temperature. 3. The water quality monitor of claim 1, wherein the water quality monitor is mounted to an equipment pad. 4. The water quality monitor of claim 1, further comprising a removable antenna. 5. The water quality monitor of claim 1, further comprising a removable and rechargeable battery pack. 6. The water quality monitor of claim 1 further comprising an inlet flow control valve in fluid communication with the inlet and an outlet flow control valve in fluid communication with the outlet. 7. The water quality monitor of claim 6, further comprising a first tube connector and a second tube connector, wherein the first tube connector is configured to connect the inlet and the inlet flow control valve to a first side of the base and the second tube connector is configured to connect the outlet and the outlet flow control valve to a second side of the base. 8. The water quality monitor of claim 1, wherein the controller further comprises a flow switch, and the water quality monitor is configured to periodically check the flow switch for water flow through the swimming pool recirculation system. 9. The water quality monitor of claim 1, further comprising a wake/pair button configured to return the water quality monitor to fully active operation from reduced power consumption upon actuation of the wake/pair button. 10. The water quality monitor of claim 9, wherein the wake/pair button is also configured to pair the water quality monitor with an external electronic device upon actuation of the wake/pair button. 11. A method for remotely monitoring water quality parameters in a swimming pool using a water quality monitor, the method comprising:
connecting an inlet and an outlet of the water quality monitor in-line with a recirculation system of the swimming pool; determining whether there is sufficient fluid flow through the water quality monitor; measuring a plurality of water quality parameters using a sensor probe; connecting to a wireless internet connection; transmitting the plurality of water quality parameters through the wireless internet connection to a cloud storage system; and displaying the plurality water quality parameters on a web-based application. 12. The method of claim 11, notifying a user of one of improper swimming pool function or proper swimming function. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving information about a size of the swimming pool. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising periodically rechecking whether there is sufficient fluid flow through the water quality monitor. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of periodically rechecking whether there is sufficient fluid flow through the water quality monitor is performed at least once every 15 minutes. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of water quality parameters comprises pH, oxidation-reduction potential, and temperature. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising receiving a predetermined set of values defined for one or more of pH, oxidation-reduction potential, and temperature. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising comparing, at the cloud storage system, one or more of measured pH, oxidation-reduction potential, or temperature to the predetermined set of values defined for one or more of pH, oxidation-reduction potential, and temperature to produce a comparison. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising displaying the comparison of the plurality of water quality parameters to the predetermined set of values. 20. The method of claim 11, further comprising periodically reconnecting to the wireless internet connection to transmit the plurality of water quality parameters through the wireless internet connection to the cloud storage system. | 2,800 |
341,108 | 16,801,425 | 2,858 | A method provides statistically reliable life experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals related to education, career, and other life choice options. Based on the user's specific query, the method conducts searches and analyzes the search results for statistical significance. Internal anonymized databases containing life experiences and extensive external databases are used in the search and analysis. Subsequently the method sends the most relevant life experiences to the user with optional link to specific providers related with the query to the user for achieving the user's personal goals. The method may notify the user for lack of records/data and creates a survey to all users to contribute answers and/or life experiences to the specific query. Further, the method allows service providers and law enforcement personnel to conduct queries with specific purposes such as medical survey or criminal investigation with a subpoena. | 1. A method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals, the method comprising the steps of:
(A) providing a plurality of user accounts and a plurality of internal databases managed by at least one remote server, wherein each of the plurality of user accounts is associated with a corresponding personal computing (PC) device; (B) prompting a specific user account to submit a life choice query with the corresponding PC device through the remote server, wherein the life choice query may include personal goals; (C) searching internal and external databases for life experiences related to the life choice query of the specific user account through the remote server; (D) conducting statistically analysis for each life experience with regard to the life choice query of the specific user; (E) relaying a plurality of statistically significant life experiences to the specific user account with the corresponding PC device through the remote server. 2. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
conducting statistical modeling for the life experience data through the remote server in step (D); wherein each life experience is analyzed for statistical significance for the life choice query of the specific user; and generating the plurality of statistically significant life experiences. 3. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 2, the method comprising the steps of:
conducting data analysis of the life experience using artificial intelligence (AI) technology; wherein the AI technology includes machine learning; and wherein the AI technology includes data mining. 4. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
notifying the specific user with the corresponding PC device of lack of data for the life choice query after step (D); if the total number of statistically significant life experiences is less than a pre-determined threshold number; creating a survey question with the life choice query; sending the survey question to arbitrary users for responses of life experience; and reminding the specific user with the corresponding PC device to check the availability of statistically significant life experiences for the life choice query. 5. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a plurality of provider accounts managed by at least one remote server in step (A), wherein each of the plurality of provider accounts is associated with a corresponding personal computing (PC) device; and wherein each provider of the plurality of provider accounts offers specific resource, and/or service to the specific user to achieve desired personal goals. 6. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 5, the method comprising the steps of:
sending the information of at least one provider to the specific user with the corresponding PC device in step (E); wherein the at least one provider is selected from the plurality of the provider accounts; and wherein the at least one provider is selected from the plurality of the provider accounts. 7. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
sending the information of at least one user to the corresponding PC device of the specific user with the plurality of statistically significant life experiences in step (E); wherein the at least one user is selected to further assist the specific user with the life choice query and personal goals; and wherein permission to disclose the information of the at least one user is granted. 8. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
prompting the specific user with the corresponding PC device to conduct at least one pending survey before submitting the life choice query through the remote server in step (B); and wherein the at least one pending survey is related to a previously submitted life choice query by an arbitrary use from the plurality of user accounts. 9. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 8, the method comprising the steps of:
generating the life choice query by interacting with the corresponding PC device of the specific user through a plurality of questions; and wherein the plurality of questions includes life choice and personal goals. 10. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 8, the method comprising the steps of:
interacting with the specific user using the corresponding PC device to generate the life choice query through artificial intelligence (AI) technology; and wherein the AI technology includes natural language processing (NLP). 11. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a plurality of law enforcement user accounts managed by at least one remote server in step (A), wherein each of the plurality of law enforcement accounts is from the plurality of user accounts; prompting a specific law enforcement user with the corresponding PC device to enter at least one query in step (B); wherein the at least one query relates to the information of an arbitrary user from the plurality of user accounts; wherein the query is only permitted if the specific law enforcement user is authorized; and wherein the authorization includes validation of a subpoena. 12. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a plurality of medical user accounts managed by at least one remote server in step (A), wherein each of the plurality of medical user accounts is from the plurality of user accounts; prompting a specific medical user with the corresponding PC device to enter at least one query in step (B); wherein the at least one query relates to the information of and request to an arbitrary user from the plurality of user accounts; wherein the at least one query includes requests for participation of clinic trials/surveys; and wherein the at least one query is only permitted if the specific medical user is authorized. 13. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
anonymizing life experience databases of the plurality of internal databases through remote server in step (A); wherein each life experience record in life experience databases does not comprise private information of the contributing user; and wherein each life experience record in life experience databases is anonymized using an identification key to link to the contributing user. 14. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 13, the method comprising the steps of:
managing life experience databases using contribution keys and user identification (ID) keys; wherein each life experience record of life experience databases comprises a contribution key/flag for each survey question; wherein each user ID corresponds to specific groups of contribution keys/flags for all survey questions; and managing a secure key database from the plurality of internal databases, wherein key database comprises linked contribution keys/flags and user ID keys. 15. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 13, the method comprising the steps of:
prompting the specific user to conduct a survey, wherein the survey comprises life experience questions; and updating life experience databases using the contribution key/flag for each survey question and the user ID of the specific user. | A method provides statistically reliable life experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals related to education, career, and other life choice options. Based on the user's specific query, the method conducts searches and analyzes the search results for statistical significance. Internal anonymized databases containing life experiences and extensive external databases are used in the search and analysis. Subsequently the method sends the most relevant life experiences to the user with optional link to specific providers related with the query to the user for achieving the user's personal goals. The method may notify the user for lack of records/data and creates a survey to all users to contribute answers and/or life experiences to the specific query. Further, the method allows service providers and law enforcement personnel to conduct queries with specific purposes such as medical survey or criminal investigation with a subpoena.1. A method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals, the method comprising the steps of:
(A) providing a plurality of user accounts and a plurality of internal databases managed by at least one remote server, wherein each of the plurality of user accounts is associated with a corresponding personal computing (PC) device; (B) prompting a specific user account to submit a life choice query with the corresponding PC device through the remote server, wherein the life choice query may include personal goals; (C) searching internal and external databases for life experiences related to the life choice query of the specific user account through the remote server; (D) conducting statistically analysis for each life experience with regard to the life choice query of the specific user; (E) relaying a plurality of statistically significant life experiences to the specific user account with the corresponding PC device through the remote server. 2. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
conducting statistical modeling for the life experience data through the remote server in step (D); wherein each life experience is analyzed for statistical significance for the life choice query of the specific user; and generating the plurality of statistically significant life experiences. 3. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 2, the method comprising the steps of:
conducting data analysis of the life experience using artificial intelligence (AI) technology; wherein the AI technology includes machine learning; and wherein the AI technology includes data mining. 4. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
notifying the specific user with the corresponding PC device of lack of data for the life choice query after step (D); if the total number of statistically significant life experiences is less than a pre-determined threshold number; creating a survey question with the life choice query; sending the survey question to arbitrary users for responses of life experience; and reminding the specific user with the corresponding PC device to check the availability of statistically significant life experiences for the life choice query. 5. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a plurality of provider accounts managed by at least one remote server in step (A), wherein each of the plurality of provider accounts is associated with a corresponding personal computing (PC) device; and wherein each provider of the plurality of provider accounts offers specific resource, and/or service to the specific user to achieve desired personal goals. 6. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 5, the method comprising the steps of:
sending the information of at least one provider to the specific user with the corresponding PC device in step (E); wherein the at least one provider is selected from the plurality of the provider accounts; and wherein the at least one provider is selected from the plurality of the provider accounts. 7. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
sending the information of at least one user to the corresponding PC device of the specific user with the plurality of statistically significant life experiences in step (E); wherein the at least one user is selected to further assist the specific user with the life choice query and personal goals; and wherein permission to disclose the information of the at least one user is granted. 8. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
prompting the specific user with the corresponding PC device to conduct at least one pending survey before submitting the life choice query through the remote server in step (B); and wherein the at least one pending survey is related to a previously submitted life choice query by an arbitrary use from the plurality of user accounts. 9. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 8, the method comprising the steps of:
generating the life choice query by interacting with the corresponding PC device of the specific user through a plurality of questions; and wherein the plurality of questions includes life choice and personal goals. 10. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 8, the method comprising the steps of:
interacting with the specific user using the corresponding PC device to generate the life choice query through artificial intelligence (AI) technology; and wherein the AI technology includes natural language processing (NLP). 11. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a plurality of law enforcement user accounts managed by at least one remote server in step (A), wherein each of the plurality of law enforcement accounts is from the plurality of user accounts; prompting a specific law enforcement user with the corresponding PC device to enter at least one query in step (B); wherein the at least one query relates to the information of an arbitrary user from the plurality of user accounts; wherein the query is only permitted if the specific law enforcement user is authorized; and wherein the authorization includes validation of a subpoena. 12. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a plurality of medical user accounts managed by at least one remote server in step (A), wherein each of the plurality of medical user accounts is from the plurality of user accounts; prompting a specific medical user with the corresponding PC device to enter at least one query in step (B); wherein the at least one query relates to the information of and request to an arbitrary user from the plurality of user accounts; wherein the at least one query includes requests for participation of clinic trials/surveys; and wherein the at least one query is only permitted if the specific medical user is authorized. 13. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
anonymizing life experience databases of the plurality of internal databases through remote server in step (A); wherein each life experience record in life experience databases does not comprise private information of the contributing user; and wherein each life experience record in life experience databases is anonymized using an identification key to link to the contributing user. 14. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 13, the method comprising the steps of:
managing life experience databases using contribution keys and user identification (ID) keys; wherein each life experience record of life experience databases comprises a contribution key/flag for each survey question; wherein each user ID corresponds to specific groups of contribution keys/flags for all survey questions; and managing a secure key database from the plurality of internal databases, wherein key database comprises linked contribution keys/flags and user ID keys. 15. The method for providing statistically reliable life choice experiences to guide a user to achieve personal goals as claimed in claim 13, the method comprising the steps of:
prompting the specific user to conduct a survey, wherein the survey comprises life experience questions; and updating life experience databases using the contribution key/flag for each survey question and the user ID of the specific user. | 2,800 |
341,109 | 16,801,417 | 2,858 | A step apparatus for a vehicle with a rear impact guard beam includes top and bottom steps mounted on a step frame adapted to be pivotally attached to the rear impact guard beam about a step pivot axis oriented horizontally and perpendicular to an operating travel direction of the vehicle. The step frame is movable from an operating position to a stored position. A roller is mounted to a bottom rear end of the step frame about a roller rotational axis oriented parallel to the step pivot axis, and located above the step pivot axis. An upright surface moving toward the step frame contacts the roller component and the roller rolls upward along the upright surface and pivots the step frame about the step pivot axis from the operating position to the stored position. | 1. A step apparatus for an elevated load bed mounted on a vehicle, the vehicle comprising a rear impact guard beam mounted under a rear end of the load bed, the apparatus comprising:
top and bottom steps mounted on a step frame; wherein the step frame is adapted to be pivotally attached to the rear impact guard beam about a step pivot axis oriented substantially horizontally and perpendicular to an operating travel direction of the vehicle; wherein the step frame is configured such that when pivotally attached to the rear impact guard beam, the step frame is movable from an operating position, where stepping surfaces of the steps are oriented substantially horizontally, to a stored position where the stepping surfaces of the steps are above and forward of a rear face of the rear impact guard beam; a roller component rotatably mounted to a bottom rear end of the step frame about a roller rotational axis oriented substantially parallel to the step pivot axis, and located above the step pivot axis, an outer surface of the roller component located rearward of the steps and step frame when the step frame is in the operating position; the roller component configured such that, when the step frame is in the operating position, an upright surface moving toward the step frame contacts the roller component and exerts a forward contact force on the roller component such that the roller component rolls upward along the upright surface and pivots the step frame about the step pivot axis from the operating position to the stored position. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the step pivot axis is under the rear impact guard beam. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein when the step frame is pivotally attached to the rear impact guard beam, right and left front frame portions of the step frame extend downward in front of the rear impact guard beam and are pivotally attached at bottom portions thereof to the step pivot axis, and the right and left front frame portions bear against a front face of the rear impact guard beam when the step frame is in the operating position. 4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein when the step frame is pivotally attached to the rear impact guard beam and the step frame is in the operating position, right and left rear frame portions of the step frame extend rearward over the rear impact guard beam and support the top and bottom steps, and the roller rotational axis extends through the right and left rear frame portions. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the roller component is provided by a cylindrical roller extending across the bottom rear end of the step frame. 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the roller component is provided by right and left wheels rotatably attached to right and left sides of the step frame about the roller rotational axis. 7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the right and left wheels are mounted on corresponding right and left outer sides of the step frame. 8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein, when the step frame is pivotally attached to the rear impact guard beam and the step frame is in the operating position, the stepping surface of the bottom step is below the roller rotation axis. 9. The apparatus of claim 1 comprising reducing the forward contact force required to cause the step frame to pivot about the step pivot axis and the roller component to roll upward along the upright surface by adding weight to a front portion of the step frame forward of the step pivot axis. | A step apparatus for a vehicle with a rear impact guard beam includes top and bottom steps mounted on a step frame adapted to be pivotally attached to the rear impact guard beam about a step pivot axis oriented horizontally and perpendicular to an operating travel direction of the vehicle. The step frame is movable from an operating position to a stored position. A roller is mounted to a bottom rear end of the step frame about a roller rotational axis oriented parallel to the step pivot axis, and located above the step pivot axis. An upright surface moving toward the step frame contacts the roller component and the roller rolls upward along the upright surface and pivots the step frame about the step pivot axis from the operating position to the stored position.1. A step apparatus for an elevated load bed mounted on a vehicle, the vehicle comprising a rear impact guard beam mounted under a rear end of the load bed, the apparatus comprising:
top and bottom steps mounted on a step frame; wherein the step frame is adapted to be pivotally attached to the rear impact guard beam about a step pivot axis oriented substantially horizontally and perpendicular to an operating travel direction of the vehicle; wherein the step frame is configured such that when pivotally attached to the rear impact guard beam, the step frame is movable from an operating position, where stepping surfaces of the steps are oriented substantially horizontally, to a stored position where the stepping surfaces of the steps are above and forward of a rear face of the rear impact guard beam; a roller component rotatably mounted to a bottom rear end of the step frame about a roller rotational axis oriented substantially parallel to the step pivot axis, and located above the step pivot axis, an outer surface of the roller component located rearward of the steps and step frame when the step frame is in the operating position; the roller component configured such that, when the step frame is in the operating position, an upright surface moving toward the step frame contacts the roller component and exerts a forward contact force on the roller component such that the roller component rolls upward along the upright surface and pivots the step frame about the step pivot axis from the operating position to the stored position. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the step pivot axis is under the rear impact guard beam. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein when the step frame is pivotally attached to the rear impact guard beam, right and left front frame portions of the step frame extend downward in front of the rear impact guard beam and are pivotally attached at bottom portions thereof to the step pivot axis, and the right and left front frame portions bear against a front face of the rear impact guard beam when the step frame is in the operating position. 4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein when the step frame is pivotally attached to the rear impact guard beam and the step frame is in the operating position, right and left rear frame portions of the step frame extend rearward over the rear impact guard beam and support the top and bottom steps, and the roller rotational axis extends through the right and left rear frame portions. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the roller component is provided by a cylindrical roller extending across the bottom rear end of the step frame. 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the roller component is provided by right and left wheels rotatably attached to right and left sides of the step frame about the roller rotational axis. 7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the right and left wheels are mounted on corresponding right and left outer sides of the step frame. 8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein, when the step frame is pivotally attached to the rear impact guard beam and the step frame is in the operating position, the stepping surface of the bottom step is below the roller rotation axis. 9. The apparatus of claim 1 comprising reducing the forward contact force required to cause the step frame to pivot about the step pivot axis and the roller component to roll upward along the upright surface by adding weight to a front portion of the step frame forward of the step pivot axis. | 2,800 |
341,110 | 16,801,451 | 3,785 | The invention concerns a gas delivery device (1) comprising an inner gas passage (100) in fluid communication with a deformable reservoir (27), and a processing unit (51), such as an electronic board with a microcontroller. It further comprises a first differential pressure sensor (281) cooperating with the processing unit (51) for determining a pressure (P) in the deformable reservoir (27), and a proportional valve (22) arranged on the inner gas passage (100) for controlling the flowrate of gas in said inner gas passage (100). The processing unit (51) controls the proportional valve (22) for adjusting the flowrate of gas passing through said proportional valve (22) on the basis of said pressure (P) in the deformable reservoir (27). The gas can be a mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide useable for relieving anxiety, for providing light sedations or for treating pain. | 1. A gas delivery device (1) comprising an inner gas passage (100) in fluid communication with a deformable reservoir (27), and a processing unit (51), characterized it further comprises:
a first differential pressure sensor (281) cooperating with the processing unit (51) for determining a pressure (P) in the deformable reservoir (27), and a proportional valve (22) arranged on the inner gas passage (100) for controlling the flowrate of gas in said inner gas passage (100), 2. The gas delivery device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first differential pressure sensor (281) is configured or controlled for operating pressure measurements of pressure (P) at given time intervals. 3. The gas delivery device according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing unit (51) is configured for processing at least one pressure measurement signal delivered by the first differential pressure sensor (281) and calculating the pressure (P) using at least one processed pressure measurement signal. 4. The gas delivery device according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing unit (51) is configured for controlling the proportional valve (22) for setting or modifying the flowrate of gas traversing said proportional valve (22), proportionally to the pressure (P). 5. The gas delivery device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first differential pressure sensor (281) is arranged in the vicinity of the deformable reservoir (27). 6. The gas delivery device according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing unit (51) controls the proportional valve (22) for increasing or for decreasing the flowrate of gas traversing the proportional valve (22) based on the pressure (P). 7. The gas delivery device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first differential pressure sensor (281) is arranged in the inner gas passage (100) downstream of the deformable reservoir (27). 8. The gas delivery device according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing unit (51) comprises a microprocessor. 9. The gas delivery device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first differential pressure sensor (281) comprises a first sensing port at atmospheric pressure and a second sensing port arranged in the inner passage (100). 10. The gas delivery device according to claim 1, further comprising a one-way valve element (280) arranged in the inner gas passage (100) downstream of the deformable reservoir (27). 11. The gas delivery device according to claim 10, characterized in that the first differential pressure sensor (281) is arranged between the deformable reservoir (27) and the one-way valve element (280). 12. The gas delivery device according to claim 10, further comprising a second differential pressure sensor (29) arranged so as to measure the pressure drop generated by said one-way valve (280). 13. The gas delivery device according to claim 12, characterized in that the second differential pressure sensor (29) is arranged in a by-pass conduct (290) fluidly connected to the inner gas passage (100), at upstream and downstream locations (29 a, 29 b) of the one-way valve (280). 14. The gas delivery device according to claim 12, characterized in that the second differential pressure sensor (29) delivers pressure signals to the processing unit (51). 15. A gas delivery assembly (1, 3, 10) comprising:
a gas delivery device (1) according to claim 1, a gas cylinder (30) equipped with a valve (31), in fluid communication with the inner gas passage (100) of the gas delivery device (1) for providing a respiratory gas to the gas delivery device (1), and a respiratory interface (10), in fluid communication with the inner gas passage (100) of the gas delivery device (1) for receiving the respiratory gas provided by said inner gas passage (100). | The invention concerns a gas delivery device (1) comprising an inner gas passage (100) in fluid communication with a deformable reservoir (27), and a processing unit (51), such as an electronic board with a microcontroller. It further comprises a first differential pressure sensor (281) cooperating with the processing unit (51) for determining a pressure (P) in the deformable reservoir (27), and a proportional valve (22) arranged on the inner gas passage (100) for controlling the flowrate of gas in said inner gas passage (100). The processing unit (51) controls the proportional valve (22) for adjusting the flowrate of gas passing through said proportional valve (22) on the basis of said pressure (P) in the deformable reservoir (27). The gas can be a mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide useable for relieving anxiety, for providing light sedations or for treating pain.1. A gas delivery device (1) comprising an inner gas passage (100) in fluid communication with a deformable reservoir (27), and a processing unit (51), characterized it further comprises:
a first differential pressure sensor (281) cooperating with the processing unit (51) for determining a pressure (P) in the deformable reservoir (27), and a proportional valve (22) arranged on the inner gas passage (100) for controlling the flowrate of gas in said inner gas passage (100), 2. The gas delivery device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first differential pressure sensor (281) is configured or controlled for operating pressure measurements of pressure (P) at given time intervals. 3. The gas delivery device according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing unit (51) is configured for processing at least one pressure measurement signal delivered by the first differential pressure sensor (281) and calculating the pressure (P) using at least one processed pressure measurement signal. 4. The gas delivery device according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing unit (51) is configured for controlling the proportional valve (22) for setting or modifying the flowrate of gas traversing said proportional valve (22), proportionally to the pressure (P). 5. The gas delivery device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first differential pressure sensor (281) is arranged in the vicinity of the deformable reservoir (27). 6. The gas delivery device according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing unit (51) controls the proportional valve (22) for increasing or for decreasing the flowrate of gas traversing the proportional valve (22) based on the pressure (P). 7. The gas delivery device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first differential pressure sensor (281) is arranged in the inner gas passage (100) downstream of the deformable reservoir (27). 8. The gas delivery device according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing unit (51) comprises a microprocessor. 9. The gas delivery device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first differential pressure sensor (281) comprises a first sensing port at atmospheric pressure and a second sensing port arranged in the inner passage (100). 10. The gas delivery device according to claim 1, further comprising a one-way valve element (280) arranged in the inner gas passage (100) downstream of the deformable reservoir (27). 11. The gas delivery device according to claim 10, characterized in that the first differential pressure sensor (281) is arranged between the deformable reservoir (27) and the one-way valve element (280). 12. The gas delivery device according to claim 10, further comprising a second differential pressure sensor (29) arranged so as to measure the pressure drop generated by said one-way valve (280). 13. The gas delivery device according to claim 12, characterized in that the second differential pressure sensor (29) is arranged in a by-pass conduct (290) fluidly connected to the inner gas passage (100), at upstream and downstream locations (29 a, 29 b) of the one-way valve (280). 14. The gas delivery device according to claim 12, characterized in that the second differential pressure sensor (29) delivers pressure signals to the processing unit (51). 15. A gas delivery assembly (1, 3, 10) comprising:
a gas delivery device (1) according to claim 1, a gas cylinder (30) equipped with a valve (31), in fluid communication with the inner gas passage (100) of the gas delivery device (1) for providing a respiratory gas to the gas delivery device (1), and a respiratory interface (10), in fluid communication with the inner gas passage (100) of the gas delivery device (1) for receiving the respiratory gas provided by said inner gas passage (100). | 3,700 |
341,111 | 16,801,431 | 1,635 | Provided herein are methods, compounds, and compositions for reducing expression of huntingtin mRNA and protein in an animal. Such methods, compounds, and compositions are useful to treat, prevent, delay, or ameliorate Huntington's disease, or a symptom thereof. | 1. A single-stranded modified oligonucleotide consisting of 18 linked nucleosides and having:
a gap segment consisting of eight linked deoxynucleosides; a 5′ wing segment consisting of five linked nucleosides; and a 3′ wing segment consisting of five linked nucleosides; wherein the gap segment is positioned between the 5′ wing segment and the 3′ wing segment; wherein each nucleoside of each wing segment comprises a 2′O-methoxyethyl sugar; and wherein the nucleobase sequence of the oligonucleotide consists of the sequence recited in SEQ ID NO: 35, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 2. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 1, wherein at least one nucleoside comprises a modified nucleobase. 3. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 2, wherein the modified nucleobase is a 5-methylcytosine. 4. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 1, wherein each cytosine is a 5-methylcytosine. 5. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 1, wherein at least one internucleoside linkage is a modified internucleoside linkage. 6. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 1, wherein each internucleoside linkage is a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage. 7. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 4, wherein at least one internucleoside linkage is a modified internucleoside linkage. 8. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 4, wherein each internucleoside linkage is a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage. 9. A composition comprising the single-stranded modified oligonucleotide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 1 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. 10. A composition comprising the single-stranded modified oligonucleotide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 4 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. 11. A composition comprising the single-stranded modified oligonucleotide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 6 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. 12. A composition comprising the single-stranded modified oligonucleotide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 8 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. 13. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 1, which is capable of inhibiting huntingtin expression. 14. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 4, which is capable of inhibiting huntingtin expression. 15. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 6, which is capable of inhibiting huntingtin expression. 16. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 8, which is capable of inhibiting huntingtin expression. | Provided herein are methods, compounds, and compositions for reducing expression of huntingtin mRNA and protein in an animal. Such methods, compounds, and compositions are useful to treat, prevent, delay, or ameliorate Huntington's disease, or a symptom thereof.1. A single-stranded modified oligonucleotide consisting of 18 linked nucleosides and having:
a gap segment consisting of eight linked deoxynucleosides; a 5′ wing segment consisting of five linked nucleosides; and a 3′ wing segment consisting of five linked nucleosides; wherein the gap segment is positioned between the 5′ wing segment and the 3′ wing segment; wherein each nucleoside of each wing segment comprises a 2′O-methoxyethyl sugar; and wherein the nucleobase sequence of the oligonucleotide consists of the sequence recited in SEQ ID NO: 35, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 2. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 1, wherein at least one nucleoside comprises a modified nucleobase. 3. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 2, wherein the modified nucleobase is a 5-methylcytosine. 4. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 1, wherein each cytosine is a 5-methylcytosine. 5. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 1, wherein at least one internucleoside linkage is a modified internucleoside linkage. 6. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 1, wherein each internucleoside linkage is a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage. 7. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 4, wherein at least one internucleoside linkage is a modified internucleoside linkage. 8. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 4, wherein each internucleoside linkage is a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage. 9. A composition comprising the single-stranded modified oligonucleotide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 1 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. 10. A composition comprising the single-stranded modified oligonucleotide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 4 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. 11. A composition comprising the single-stranded modified oligonucleotide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 6 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. 12. A composition comprising the single-stranded modified oligonucleotide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of claim 8 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. 13. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 1, which is capable of inhibiting huntingtin expression. 14. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 4, which is capable of inhibiting huntingtin expression. 15. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 6, which is capable of inhibiting huntingtin expression. 16. The single-stranded modified oligonucleotide of claim 8, which is capable of inhibiting huntingtin expression. | 1,600 |
341,112 | 16,801,428 | 1,635 | A galley message center defines a tablet recess were a tablet is docked, substantially flush with the surrounding bulkhead so that a utensil storage drawer may be closely disposed to the message center and slide out in front of the tablet without the tablet needing to be removed. The docking element of the message center may be hinged to allow the tablet to be folded down with the screen against a recessed surface to protect the screen and prevent undesired or accidental interaction. The utensil storage drawer includes a plurality of features for securely holding utensils when not in use and place all of the stored utensils within reach of the flight staff, in proximity to a galley working surface. | 1. An aircraft galley message center comprising:
a recessed portion defined by an aircraft bulkhead; a docking element configured to hold a tablet within the recessed portion, substantially flush with a surface of the aircraft bulkhead; and a charging element disposed within the docking element. 2. The galley message center of claim 1, further comprising an upper latch configured to retain the tablet in the recessed portion. 3. The galley message center of claim 1, wherein the docking element is configured to rotate. 4. The galley message center of claim 3, wherein the docking element is configured to rotate the tablet from an upper recessed portion with a screen of the tablet facing out and accessible to a crewmember, to a lower recessed portion with the screen of the tablet facing a surface of the recessed portion. 5. The galley message center of claim 4, further comprising a lower latch configured to retain the tablet in the lower recessed portion. 6. The galley message center of claim 5, further comprising a silicone layer disposed on the tablet facing surface of the lower recessed portion. 7. The galley message center of claim 1, wherein the recessed portion comprises an upper recessed portion configured to receive the tablet and a lower recessed portion adapted to receive self-adhesive notes. 8. A secure aircraft utensil drawer comprising:
a vertical slideout disposed in an aircraft galley bulkhead; and a plurality of utensil retaining features disposed on a vertical surface of the vertical slideout, wherein:
the plurality of utensil retaining features comprises at least one closed finger loop hook, at least one clip, and at least one elastic band. 9. The secure aircraft utensil drawer of claim 8, further comprising one or more bin disposed on a lower horizontal surface. 10. The secure aircraft utensil drawer of claim 8, further comprising one or more magnetic elements disposed on the vertical surface. 11. The secure aircraft utensil drawer of claim 8, wherein the vertical surface comprises a first vertical surface, and wherein the secure utensil drawer further comprises a second vertical surface comprising one or more magnetic element, the second vertical surface being disposed in front of the first vertical surface, and being laterally displaceable. 12. The secure aircraft utensil drawer of claim 8, wherein the at least one hook comprises a T-shaped element. 13. An aircraft galley comprising:
a message center comprising:
a recessed portion defined by an aircraft bulkhead;
a rotatable docking element configured to hold a tablet within the recessed portion, substantially flush with a surface of the aircraft bulkhead;
an upper latch configured to retain the tablet in the recessed portion; and
a charging element disposed within the docking element; and
a secure utensil drawer comprising:
a vertical slideout disposed in an aircraft galley bulkhead;
a plurality of utensil retaining features disposed on a vertical surface of the vertical slideout; and
one or more bin disposed on a lower horizontal surface,
wherein:
the plurality of utensil retaining features comprises at least one closed finger loop hook, at least one clip, and at least one elastic band. 14. The aircraft galley of claim 13, wherein the secure utensil drawer further comprises one or more magnetic elements disposed on the vertical surface. 15. The aircraft galley of claim 13, wherein the vertical surface comprises a first vertical surface, and wherein the secure utensil drawer further comprises a second vertical surface comprising one or more magnetic element, the second vertical surface being disposed in front of the first vertical surface, and being laterally displaceable. 16. The aircraft galley of claim 13, wherein the at least one hook comprises a T-shaped element. 17. The aircraft galley of claim 13, wherein the docking element is configured to rotate the tablet from an upper recessed portion with a screen of the tablet facing out and accessible to a crewmember, to a lower recessed portion with the screen of the tablet facing a surface of the recessed portion. 18. The aircraft galley of claim 17, further comprising a lower latch configured to retain the tablet in the lower recessed portion. 19. The aircraft galley of claim 18, further comprising a silicone layer disposed on the tablet facing surface of the lower recessed portion. 20. The aircraft galley of claim 13, wherein the recessed portion comprises an upper recessed portion configured to receive the tablet and a lower recessed portion adapted to receive self-adhesive notes. | A galley message center defines a tablet recess were a tablet is docked, substantially flush with the surrounding bulkhead so that a utensil storage drawer may be closely disposed to the message center and slide out in front of the tablet without the tablet needing to be removed. The docking element of the message center may be hinged to allow the tablet to be folded down with the screen against a recessed surface to protect the screen and prevent undesired or accidental interaction. The utensil storage drawer includes a plurality of features for securely holding utensils when not in use and place all of the stored utensils within reach of the flight staff, in proximity to a galley working surface.1. An aircraft galley message center comprising:
a recessed portion defined by an aircraft bulkhead; a docking element configured to hold a tablet within the recessed portion, substantially flush with a surface of the aircraft bulkhead; and a charging element disposed within the docking element. 2. The galley message center of claim 1, further comprising an upper latch configured to retain the tablet in the recessed portion. 3. The galley message center of claim 1, wherein the docking element is configured to rotate. 4. The galley message center of claim 3, wherein the docking element is configured to rotate the tablet from an upper recessed portion with a screen of the tablet facing out and accessible to a crewmember, to a lower recessed portion with the screen of the tablet facing a surface of the recessed portion. 5. The galley message center of claim 4, further comprising a lower latch configured to retain the tablet in the lower recessed portion. 6. The galley message center of claim 5, further comprising a silicone layer disposed on the tablet facing surface of the lower recessed portion. 7. The galley message center of claim 1, wherein the recessed portion comprises an upper recessed portion configured to receive the tablet and a lower recessed portion adapted to receive self-adhesive notes. 8. A secure aircraft utensil drawer comprising:
a vertical slideout disposed in an aircraft galley bulkhead; and a plurality of utensil retaining features disposed on a vertical surface of the vertical slideout, wherein:
the plurality of utensil retaining features comprises at least one closed finger loop hook, at least one clip, and at least one elastic band. 9. The secure aircraft utensil drawer of claim 8, further comprising one or more bin disposed on a lower horizontal surface. 10. The secure aircraft utensil drawer of claim 8, further comprising one or more magnetic elements disposed on the vertical surface. 11. The secure aircraft utensil drawer of claim 8, wherein the vertical surface comprises a first vertical surface, and wherein the secure utensil drawer further comprises a second vertical surface comprising one or more magnetic element, the second vertical surface being disposed in front of the first vertical surface, and being laterally displaceable. 12. The secure aircraft utensil drawer of claim 8, wherein the at least one hook comprises a T-shaped element. 13. An aircraft galley comprising:
a message center comprising:
a recessed portion defined by an aircraft bulkhead;
a rotatable docking element configured to hold a tablet within the recessed portion, substantially flush with a surface of the aircraft bulkhead;
an upper latch configured to retain the tablet in the recessed portion; and
a charging element disposed within the docking element; and
a secure utensil drawer comprising:
a vertical slideout disposed in an aircraft galley bulkhead;
a plurality of utensil retaining features disposed on a vertical surface of the vertical slideout; and
one or more bin disposed on a lower horizontal surface,
wherein:
the plurality of utensil retaining features comprises at least one closed finger loop hook, at least one clip, and at least one elastic band. 14. The aircraft galley of claim 13, wherein the secure utensil drawer further comprises one or more magnetic elements disposed on the vertical surface. 15. The aircraft galley of claim 13, wherein the vertical surface comprises a first vertical surface, and wherein the secure utensil drawer further comprises a second vertical surface comprising one or more magnetic element, the second vertical surface being disposed in front of the first vertical surface, and being laterally displaceable. 16. The aircraft galley of claim 13, wherein the at least one hook comprises a T-shaped element. 17. The aircraft galley of claim 13, wherein the docking element is configured to rotate the tablet from an upper recessed portion with a screen of the tablet facing out and accessible to a crewmember, to a lower recessed portion with the screen of the tablet facing a surface of the recessed portion. 18. The aircraft galley of claim 17, further comprising a lower latch configured to retain the tablet in the lower recessed portion. 19. The aircraft galley of claim 18, further comprising a silicone layer disposed on the tablet facing surface of the lower recessed portion. 20. The aircraft galley of claim 13, wherein the recessed portion comprises an upper recessed portion configured to receive the tablet and a lower recessed portion adapted to receive self-adhesive notes. | 1,600 |
341,113 | 16,801,423 | 1,635 | A semiconductor device structure is provided, which includes a first fin structure over a semiconductor substrate. The first fin structure has multiple first semiconductor nanostructures suspended over the semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor device structure includes a second fin structure over the semiconductor substrate, and the second fin structure has multiple second semiconductor nanostructures suspended over the semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor device structure includes a dielectric fin between the first fin structure and the second fin structure. In addition, the semiconductor device structure includes a metal gate stack wrapping around the first fin structure, the second fin structure, and the dielectric fin. The semiconductor device structure includes a dielectric protection structure over the metal gate stack. The semiconductor device structure also includes an insulating structure penetrating through a bottom surface of the dielectric protection structure and extending into the metal gate stack to be aligned with the dielectric fin. | 1. A semiconductor device structure, comprising:
a first fin structure over a semiconductor substrate, wherein the first fin structure has a plurality of first semiconductor nanostructures suspended over the semiconductor substrate; a second fin structure over the semiconductor substrate, wherein the second fin structure has a plurality of second semiconductor nanostructures suspended over the semiconductor substrate; a dielectric fin between the first fin structure and the second fin structure; a metal gate stack wrapping around the first fin structure, the second fin structure, and the dielectric fin; a dielectric protection structure over the metal gate stack; and an insulating structure penetrating through a bottom surface of the dielectric protection structure and extending into the metal gate stack to be aligned with the dielectric fin. 2. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the insulating structure is in direct contact with the dielectric fin, the metal gate stack has a first portion and a second portion, the insulating structure is between the first portion and the second portion, and the first portion and the second portion are electrically isolated from each other. 3. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dielectric fin comprises an upper portion and a lower portion, and the upper portion and the lower portion are made of different materials. 4. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein the upper portion of the dielectric fin has a first dielectric constant, the lower portion of the dielectric fin has a second dielectric constant, and the first dielectric constant is greater than the second dielectric constant. 5. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein the insulating structure extends into the upper portion of the dielectric fin. 6. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein the dielectric fin comprises a liner layer extending along sidewalls of the upper portion, sidewalls of the lower portion, and a bottom of the lower portion. 7. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a source/drain structure over the semiconductor substrate; and an inner spacer between the metal gate stack and the source/drain structure. 8. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 7, wherein the inner spacer wraps around edge portions of each of the first semiconductor nanostructures. 9. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein the inner spacer is in direct contact with the dielectric fin. 10. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a second dielectric fin, wherein the first fin structure is between the dielectric fin and the second dielectric fin, and the second dielectric fin is wider than the dielectric fin. 11. A semiconductor device structure, comprising:
a fin structure over a semiconductor substrate, wherein the fin structure has a plurality of semiconductor nanostructures suspended over the semiconductor substrate; a first dielectric fin and a second dielectric fin over the semiconductor substrate, wherein the fin structure is between the first dielectric fin and the second dielectric fin, and the first dielectric fin is wider than the second dielectric fin; a metal gate stack wrapping around the fin structure, wherein a portion of the metal gate stack is between two of the semiconductor nanostructures; a first insulating structure extending into the metal gate stack to reach the first dielectric fin; and a second insulating structure extending into the metal gate stack to reach the second dielectric fin, wherein the second insulating structure is substantially as wide as the first dielectric fin. 12. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 11, wherein each of the first dielectric fin and the second dielectric fin comprises an upper portion and a lower portion, and the upper portion and the lower portion are made of different materials. 13. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 12, wherein the upper portion has a first dielectric constant, the lower portion has a second dielectric constant, and the first dielectric constant is greater than the second dielectric constant. 14. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 12, wherein the first insulating structure extends into the upper portion of the first dielectric fin. 15. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 12, wherein each of the first dielectric fin and the second dielectric fin comprises a liner layer extending along sidewalls of the upper portion, sidewalls of the lower portion, and a bottom of the lower portion. 16-20. (canceled) 21. A semiconductor device structure, comprising:
a first fin structure over a semiconductor substrate; a second fin structure over the semiconductor substrate; a dielectric fin between the first fin structure and the second fin structure; a metal gate stack over the first fin structure, the second fin structure, and the dielectric fin; a dielectric protection structure over the metal gate stack; and an insulating structure penetrating through a bottom surface of the dielectric protection structure and extending into the metal gate stack to be aligned with the dielectric fin. 22. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 21, further comprising a second dielectric fin, wherein the first fin structure is between the dielectric fin and the second dielectric fin, and the second dielectric fin is wider than the dielectric fin. 23. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 22, further comprising a second insulating structure extending into the metal gate stack to reach the second dielectric fin. 24. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 23, wherein the second insulating structure is substantially as wide as the first dielectric fin. 25. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 21, wherein the insulating structure is in direct contact with the dielectric fin. | A semiconductor device structure is provided, which includes a first fin structure over a semiconductor substrate. The first fin structure has multiple first semiconductor nanostructures suspended over the semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor device structure includes a second fin structure over the semiconductor substrate, and the second fin structure has multiple second semiconductor nanostructures suspended over the semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor device structure includes a dielectric fin between the first fin structure and the second fin structure. In addition, the semiconductor device structure includes a metal gate stack wrapping around the first fin structure, the second fin structure, and the dielectric fin. The semiconductor device structure includes a dielectric protection structure over the metal gate stack. The semiconductor device structure also includes an insulating structure penetrating through a bottom surface of the dielectric protection structure and extending into the metal gate stack to be aligned with the dielectric fin.1. A semiconductor device structure, comprising:
a first fin structure over a semiconductor substrate, wherein the first fin structure has a plurality of first semiconductor nanostructures suspended over the semiconductor substrate; a second fin structure over the semiconductor substrate, wherein the second fin structure has a plurality of second semiconductor nanostructures suspended over the semiconductor substrate; a dielectric fin between the first fin structure and the second fin structure; a metal gate stack wrapping around the first fin structure, the second fin structure, and the dielectric fin; a dielectric protection structure over the metal gate stack; and an insulating structure penetrating through a bottom surface of the dielectric protection structure and extending into the metal gate stack to be aligned with the dielectric fin. 2. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the insulating structure is in direct contact with the dielectric fin, the metal gate stack has a first portion and a second portion, the insulating structure is between the first portion and the second portion, and the first portion and the second portion are electrically isolated from each other. 3. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dielectric fin comprises an upper portion and a lower portion, and the upper portion and the lower portion are made of different materials. 4. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein the upper portion of the dielectric fin has a first dielectric constant, the lower portion of the dielectric fin has a second dielectric constant, and the first dielectric constant is greater than the second dielectric constant. 5. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein the insulating structure extends into the upper portion of the dielectric fin. 6. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein the dielectric fin comprises a liner layer extending along sidewalls of the upper portion, sidewalls of the lower portion, and a bottom of the lower portion. 7. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a source/drain structure over the semiconductor substrate; and an inner spacer between the metal gate stack and the source/drain structure. 8. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 7, wherein the inner spacer wraps around edge portions of each of the first semiconductor nanostructures. 9. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein the inner spacer is in direct contact with the dielectric fin. 10. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a second dielectric fin, wherein the first fin structure is between the dielectric fin and the second dielectric fin, and the second dielectric fin is wider than the dielectric fin. 11. A semiconductor device structure, comprising:
a fin structure over a semiconductor substrate, wherein the fin structure has a plurality of semiconductor nanostructures suspended over the semiconductor substrate; a first dielectric fin and a second dielectric fin over the semiconductor substrate, wherein the fin structure is between the first dielectric fin and the second dielectric fin, and the first dielectric fin is wider than the second dielectric fin; a metal gate stack wrapping around the fin structure, wherein a portion of the metal gate stack is between two of the semiconductor nanostructures; a first insulating structure extending into the metal gate stack to reach the first dielectric fin; and a second insulating structure extending into the metal gate stack to reach the second dielectric fin, wherein the second insulating structure is substantially as wide as the first dielectric fin. 12. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 11, wherein each of the first dielectric fin and the second dielectric fin comprises an upper portion and a lower portion, and the upper portion and the lower portion are made of different materials. 13. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 12, wherein the upper portion has a first dielectric constant, the lower portion has a second dielectric constant, and the first dielectric constant is greater than the second dielectric constant. 14. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 12, wherein the first insulating structure extends into the upper portion of the first dielectric fin. 15. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 12, wherein each of the first dielectric fin and the second dielectric fin comprises a liner layer extending along sidewalls of the upper portion, sidewalls of the lower portion, and a bottom of the lower portion. 16-20. (canceled) 21. A semiconductor device structure, comprising:
a first fin structure over a semiconductor substrate; a second fin structure over the semiconductor substrate; a dielectric fin between the first fin structure and the second fin structure; a metal gate stack over the first fin structure, the second fin structure, and the dielectric fin; a dielectric protection structure over the metal gate stack; and an insulating structure penetrating through a bottom surface of the dielectric protection structure and extending into the metal gate stack to be aligned with the dielectric fin. 22. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 21, further comprising a second dielectric fin, wherein the first fin structure is between the dielectric fin and the second dielectric fin, and the second dielectric fin is wider than the dielectric fin. 23. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 22, further comprising a second insulating structure extending into the metal gate stack to reach the second dielectric fin. 24. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 23, wherein the second insulating structure is substantially as wide as the first dielectric fin. 25. The semiconductor device structure as claimed in claim 21, wherein the insulating structure is in direct contact with the dielectric fin. | 1,600 |
341,114 | 16,801,401 | 1,635 | A system includes a transceiver and an access module. The transceiver is implemented at a vehicle: receives a first RF signal from a portable access device via multiple antennas; transmits a second RF signal from the vehicle to the portable access device; and receives a third RF signal from the portable access device. The third RF signal indicates an AOD of the first RF signal or a second AOA of the second RF signal as received at the portable access device. The access module: estimates a first AOA of the first RF signal; determines a resultant AOA based on the first AOA and the AOD or the second AOA; determines a location of the portable access device relative to the vehicle based on the resultant AOA; and permits access to the vehicle or control of a portion of the vehicle based on the location of the portable access device. | 1. A system comprising:
a first transceiver implemented at a vehicle and configured to (i) receive a first radio frequency signal from a portable access device via a plurality of antennas, (ii) transmit a second radio frequency signal from the vehicle to the portable access device, and (iii) receive a third radio frequency signal from the portable access device, wherein the third radio frequency signal indicates at least one of (i) an angle of departure of the first radio frequency signal, or (ii) a second angle of arrival of the second radio frequency signal as received at the portable access device; and an access module configured to
estimate a first angle of arrival of the first radio frequency signal,
determine a resultant angle of arrival based on the first angle of arrival and at least one of (i) the angle of departure, or (ii) the second angle of arrival,
determine a first location of the portable access device relative to the vehicle based on the resultant angle of arrival, and
permit at least one of access to the vehicle or control of a portion of the vehicle based on the first location of the portable access device. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first radio frequency signal and the second radio frequency signal are at an ultra-high frequency low energy frequency. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first radio frequency signal and the second radio frequency signal are at 2.4 GHz. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the access module is configured to:
weight the first angle of arrival; weight at least one of (i) the angle of departure, or (ii) the second angle of arrival; and determine the resultant angle of arrival based on the weighted first angle of arrival and the weighted at least one of (i) the angle of departure, or (ii) the second angle of arrival. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the access module is configured to:
at least one of determine or obtain a first received signal strength indicator associated with the first radio frequency signal and a second received signal strength indicator associated with the second radio frequency signal; and based on the first received signal strength indicator and the second received signal strength indicator, determine the resultant angle of arrival. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the transceiver is configured to (i) receive a first plurality of radio frequency signals from the portable access device via the plurality of antennas, (ii) transmit a second plurality of radio frequency signals from the vehicle to the portable access device via one or more of the plurality of antennas, and (iii) receive the third radio frequency signal from the portable access device, wherein the third radio frequency signal indicates at least one of (i) angles of departure of the first radio frequency signals, or (ii) second angles of arrival of the second plurality of radio frequency signals as received at the portable access device, wherein the first plurality of radio signals include the first radio frequency signal, and wherein the second plurality of radio frequency signals include the second radio frequency signal; and the access module is configured to
estimate first angles of arrival of the first plurality of radio frequency signals, and
determine the resultant angle of arrival based on the first angles of arrival and at least one of (i) the angles of departure, or (ii) the second angles of arrival. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the access module is configured to:
determine differences between the first angles of arrival and the at least one of (i) the angles of departure, or (ii) the second angles of arrival; drop the differences that are greater than or equal to a predetermined value; and determine the resultant angle of arrival based on the first angles of arrival and the at least one of (i) the angles of departure, or (ii) the second angles of arrival, which have corresponding differences that are less than the predetermined value. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the access module is configured to:
determine differences between the first angles of arrival and the at least one of (i) the angles of departure, or (ii) the second angles of arrival; weight the differences; and determine the resultant angle of arrival based on the weighted differences. 9. The system of claim 6, wherein the access module is configured to:
calculate at least one of an angle of arrival or an angle of departure for each of a plurality of radio frequencies; at least one of determine or obtain a plurality of received signal strength indicators associated with the plurality of radio frequencies; and determine the resultant angle of arrival based on at least one of (i) the angles of arrival for the plurality of radio frequencies, (ii) the angles of departure for the plurality of radio frequencies, or (iii) the plurality of received signal strength indicators. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the access module is configured to determine a speed of the portable access device, and based on the speed, determine the location of the portable access device. 11. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
the portable access device; a second transceiver; and a control module implemented in the portable access device and configured to transmit the first radio frequency signal and the third radio frequency signal via the second transceiver. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the second transceiver is configured to (i) transmit a first plurality of radio frequency signals from the portable access device via one or more antennas, (ii) receive a second plurality of radio frequency signals from the vehicle via the one or more antennas, and (iii) transmit the third radio frequency signal from the portable access device to the vehicle, wherein the third radio frequency signal indicates at least one of (i) angles of departure of the first plurality of radio frequency signals, or (ii) second angles of arrival of the second plurality of radio frequency signals as received at the portable access device, wherein the first plurality of radio signals include the first radio frequency signal, and wherein the second plurality of radio frequency signals include the second radio frequency signal; and the control module is configured to estimate at least one of (i) the angles of departure, or (ii) the second angles of arrival. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the control module is configured to determine a location of the portable access device relative to the vehicle and report the location determined by the control module to the vehicle; and the access module is configured to determine the first location of the portable access device based on the location reported by the control module. 14. A method comprising:
receiving a first radio frequency signal from a portable access device via a plurality of antennas at a first transceiver, where the first transceiver is implemented in a vehicle; transmitting a second radio frequency signal from the vehicle to the portable access device; receiving a third radio frequency signal from the portable access device at the first transceiver, wherein the third radio frequency signal indicates a second angle of arrival of the second radio frequency signal as received at the portable access device; estimating a first angle of arrival of the first radio frequency signal; determining a resultant angle of arrival based on the first angle of arrival and the second angle of arrival; determining a first location of the portable access device relative to the vehicle based on the resultant angle of arrival; and permitting at least one of access to the vehicle or control of a portion of the vehicle based on the first location of the portable access device. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
weighting the first angle of arrival; weighting the second angle of arrival; and determining the resultant angle of arrival based on the weighted first angle of arrival and the weighted second angle of arrival. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
at least one of determining or obtaining a first received signal strength indicator associated with the first radio frequency signal and a second received signal strength indicator associated with the second radio frequency signal; and based on the first received signal strength indicator and the second received signal strength indicator, determine the resultant angle of arrival. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving a first plurality of radio frequency signals from the portable access device via the plurality of antennas; transmitting a second plurality of radio frequency signals from the vehicle to the portable access device via one or more of the plurality of antennas; receiving the third radio frequency signal from the portable access device, wherein the third radio frequency signal indicates second angles of arrival of the second plurality of radio frequency signals as received at the portable access device, wherein the first plurality of radio signals include the first radio frequency signal, and wherein the second plurality of radio frequency signals include the second radio frequency signal; estimating first angles of arrival of the first plurality of radio frequency signals; and determining the resultant angle of arrival based on the first angles of arrival and the second angles of arrival. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining differences between the first angles of arrival and the second angles of arrival; dropping the differences that are greater than or equal to a predetermined value; weighting remaining differences; and determining the resultant angle of arrival based on the weighted differences. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
calculating an angle of arrival for each of a plurality of radio frequencies; at least one of determining or obtaining a plurality of received signal strength indicators associated with the plurality of radio frequencies; and determining the resultant angle of arrival based on the angles of arrival for the plurality of radio frequencies and the plurality of received signal strength indicators. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
transmitting a first plurality of radio frequency signals from the portable access device via one or more antennas to the vehicle; receiving a second plurality of radio frequency signals from the vehicle via the one or more antennas; estimating second angles of arrival of the second plurality of radio frequency signals; and transmitting the third radio frequency signal from the portable access device to the vehicle, wherein the third radio frequency signal indicates the second angles of arrival of the second plurality of radio frequency signals as received at the portable access device, wherein the first plurality of radio signals include the first radio frequency signal, and wherein the second plurality of radio frequency signals include the second radio frequency signal. | A system includes a transceiver and an access module. The transceiver is implemented at a vehicle: receives a first RF signal from a portable access device via multiple antennas; transmits a second RF signal from the vehicle to the portable access device; and receives a third RF signal from the portable access device. The third RF signal indicates an AOD of the first RF signal or a second AOA of the second RF signal as received at the portable access device. The access module: estimates a first AOA of the first RF signal; determines a resultant AOA based on the first AOA and the AOD or the second AOA; determines a location of the portable access device relative to the vehicle based on the resultant AOA; and permits access to the vehicle or control of a portion of the vehicle based on the location of the portable access device.1. A system comprising:
a first transceiver implemented at a vehicle and configured to (i) receive a first radio frequency signal from a portable access device via a plurality of antennas, (ii) transmit a second radio frequency signal from the vehicle to the portable access device, and (iii) receive a third radio frequency signal from the portable access device, wherein the third radio frequency signal indicates at least one of (i) an angle of departure of the first radio frequency signal, or (ii) a second angle of arrival of the second radio frequency signal as received at the portable access device; and an access module configured to
estimate a first angle of arrival of the first radio frequency signal,
determine a resultant angle of arrival based on the first angle of arrival and at least one of (i) the angle of departure, or (ii) the second angle of arrival,
determine a first location of the portable access device relative to the vehicle based on the resultant angle of arrival, and
permit at least one of access to the vehicle or control of a portion of the vehicle based on the first location of the portable access device. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first radio frequency signal and the second radio frequency signal are at an ultra-high frequency low energy frequency. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first radio frequency signal and the second radio frequency signal are at 2.4 GHz. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the access module is configured to:
weight the first angle of arrival; weight at least one of (i) the angle of departure, or (ii) the second angle of arrival; and determine the resultant angle of arrival based on the weighted first angle of arrival and the weighted at least one of (i) the angle of departure, or (ii) the second angle of arrival. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the access module is configured to:
at least one of determine or obtain a first received signal strength indicator associated with the first radio frequency signal and a second received signal strength indicator associated with the second radio frequency signal; and based on the first received signal strength indicator and the second received signal strength indicator, determine the resultant angle of arrival. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the transceiver is configured to (i) receive a first plurality of radio frequency signals from the portable access device via the plurality of antennas, (ii) transmit a second plurality of radio frequency signals from the vehicle to the portable access device via one or more of the plurality of antennas, and (iii) receive the third radio frequency signal from the portable access device, wherein the third radio frequency signal indicates at least one of (i) angles of departure of the first radio frequency signals, or (ii) second angles of arrival of the second plurality of radio frequency signals as received at the portable access device, wherein the first plurality of radio signals include the first radio frequency signal, and wherein the second plurality of radio frequency signals include the second radio frequency signal; and the access module is configured to
estimate first angles of arrival of the first plurality of radio frequency signals, and
determine the resultant angle of arrival based on the first angles of arrival and at least one of (i) the angles of departure, or (ii) the second angles of arrival. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the access module is configured to:
determine differences between the first angles of arrival and the at least one of (i) the angles of departure, or (ii) the second angles of arrival; drop the differences that are greater than or equal to a predetermined value; and determine the resultant angle of arrival based on the first angles of arrival and the at least one of (i) the angles of departure, or (ii) the second angles of arrival, which have corresponding differences that are less than the predetermined value. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein the access module is configured to:
determine differences between the first angles of arrival and the at least one of (i) the angles of departure, or (ii) the second angles of arrival; weight the differences; and determine the resultant angle of arrival based on the weighted differences. 9. The system of claim 6, wherein the access module is configured to:
calculate at least one of an angle of arrival or an angle of departure for each of a plurality of radio frequencies; at least one of determine or obtain a plurality of received signal strength indicators associated with the plurality of radio frequencies; and determine the resultant angle of arrival based on at least one of (i) the angles of arrival for the plurality of radio frequencies, (ii) the angles of departure for the plurality of radio frequencies, or (iii) the plurality of received signal strength indicators. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the access module is configured to determine a speed of the portable access device, and based on the speed, determine the location of the portable access device. 11. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
the portable access device; a second transceiver; and a control module implemented in the portable access device and configured to transmit the first radio frequency signal and the third radio frequency signal via the second transceiver. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the second transceiver is configured to (i) transmit a first plurality of radio frequency signals from the portable access device via one or more antennas, (ii) receive a second plurality of radio frequency signals from the vehicle via the one or more antennas, and (iii) transmit the third radio frequency signal from the portable access device to the vehicle, wherein the third radio frequency signal indicates at least one of (i) angles of departure of the first plurality of radio frequency signals, or (ii) second angles of arrival of the second plurality of radio frequency signals as received at the portable access device, wherein the first plurality of radio signals include the first radio frequency signal, and wherein the second plurality of radio frequency signals include the second radio frequency signal; and the control module is configured to estimate at least one of (i) the angles of departure, or (ii) the second angles of arrival. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein:
the control module is configured to determine a location of the portable access device relative to the vehicle and report the location determined by the control module to the vehicle; and the access module is configured to determine the first location of the portable access device based on the location reported by the control module. 14. A method comprising:
receiving a first radio frequency signal from a portable access device via a plurality of antennas at a first transceiver, where the first transceiver is implemented in a vehicle; transmitting a second radio frequency signal from the vehicle to the portable access device; receiving a third radio frequency signal from the portable access device at the first transceiver, wherein the third radio frequency signal indicates a second angle of arrival of the second radio frequency signal as received at the portable access device; estimating a first angle of arrival of the first radio frequency signal; determining a resultant angle of arrival based on the first angle of arrival and the second angle of arrival; determining a first location of the portable access device relative to the vehicle based on the resultant angle of arrival; and permitting at least one of access to the vehicle or control of a portion of the vehicle based on the first location of the portable access device. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
weighting the first angle of arrival; weighting the second angle of arrival; and determining the resultant angle of arrival based on the weighted first angle of arrival and the weighted second angle of arrival. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
at least one of determining or obtaining a first received signal strength indicator associated with the first radio frequency signal and a second received signal strength indicator associated with the second radio frequency signal; and based on the first received signal strength indicator and the second received signal strength indicator, determine the resultant angle of arrival. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
receiving a first plurality of radio frequency signals from the portable access device via the plurality of antennas; transmitting a second plurality of radio frequency signals from the vehicle to the portable access device via one or more of the plurality of antennas; receiving the third radio frequency signal from the portable access device, wherein the third radio frequency signal indicates second angles of arrival of the second plurality of radio frequency signals as received at the portable access device, wherein the first plurality of radio signals include the first radio frequency signal, and wherein the second plurality of radio frequency signals include the second radio frequency signal; estimating first angles of arrival of the first plurality of radio frequency signals; and determining the resultant angle of arrival based on the first angles of arrival and the second angles of arrival. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining differences between the first angles of arrival and the second angles of arrival; dropping the differences that are greater than or equal to a predetermined value; weighting remaining differences; and determining the resultant angle of arrival based on the weighted differences. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
calculating an angle of arrival for each of a plurality of radio frequencies; at least one of determining or obtaining a plurality of received signal strength indicators associated with the plurality of radio frequencies; and determining the resultant angle of arrival based on the angles of arrival for the plurality of radio frequencies and the plurality of received signal strength indicators. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
transmitting a first plurality of radio frequency signals from the portable access device via one or more antennas to the vehicle; receiving a second plurality of radio frequency signals from the vehicle via the one or more antennas; estimating second angles of arrival of the second plurality of radio frequency signals; and transmitting the third radio frequency signal from the portable access device to the vehicle, wherein the third radio frequency signal indicates the second angles of arrival of the second plurality of radio frequency signals as received at the portable access device, wherein the first plurality of radio signals include the first radio frequency signal, and wherein the second plurality of radio frequency signals include the second radio frequency signal. | 1,600 |
341,115 | 16,801,409 | 1,635 | A utility bag system having a body that includes a first shell. The utility bag system can include a utility extension having a second shell. The utility bag system can include a fastener arranged to removably attach the utility extension to the body. The body can include at least one of a body portion, a lid portion, and a storage unit. The utility extension can include a pair of opposite planar surfaces. At least one of the body and the utility extension can have a magnetozone arranged to form a workstation. The workstation can be arranged to secure a metallic or magnetized article to the first or second shell. The first and second shell can be made of the same or a different material. | 1. A utility bag system, comprising:
a body having at least one of a body portion, a lid portion, and a storage unit; a utility extension having a pair of opposite planar surfaces; and a fastener arranged to removably attach one of the planar surfaces to the body, wherein the body has a first shell, wherein the utility extension has a second shell, wherein at least one of the body and the utility extension comprises a magnetozone arranged to secure a metallic or magnetized article. 2. The utility bag system in claim 1, further comprising a solar panel. 3. The utility bag system in claim 2, further comprising a charging station, wherein the charging station is charged by the solar panel. 4. The utility bag system in claim 1, wherein the body comprises an inner shell having a magnetozone. 5. The utility bag system in claim 1, wherein the storage unit comprises a magnetozone. 6. A utility bag system, comprising:
a body having a first shell, the body including a body portion; and a utility extension having a second shell, wherein the utility extension is arranged to removably attach to the body, and wherein the utility extension comprises a magnetozone that is arranged to secure a metallic or magnetized article to the second shell. 7. The utility bag system in claim 6, wherein the body includes a lid portion having a magnetozone on a surface of the first shell. 8. The utility bag system in claim 6, wherein the magnetozone is located on an inner shell in the utility bag. 9. The utility bag system in claim 6, wherein the utility extension comprises a fastener arranged to attach to the body. 10. The utility bag system in claim 6, further comprising:
a storage unit having a magnetozone. 11. The utility bag system in claim 10, wherein the storage unit is arranged as a workstation when in an open position. 12. The utility bag system in claim 6, wherein the utility extension comprises an other magnetozone that is arranged to secure the utility extension to a metallic or magnetized structure while simultaneously securing the metallic or magnetized article to the second shell. 13. The utility bag system in claim 12, wherein the other magnetozone is located on a surface of the second shell that is opposite said magnetozone. 14. The utility bag system in claim 6, wherein the magnetozone is located on a surface of the second shell. 15. The utility bag system in claim 14, wherein the magnetozone is formed by a magnet attached to the second shell. 16. The utility bag system in claim 14, wherein the magnetozone is formed by a magnet located between an outer layer and an inner layer. 17. The utility bag system in claim 14, wherein the magnet is attached to an outer layer in the second shell. 18. A utility bag system, comprising:
a body portion having a plurality of walls; a lid portion attached to the body portion; and a workstation having a magnetozone, wherein the workstation is formed on a surface of the lid portion, and wherein the lid portion or at least one of the plurality of walls is flexible. 19. The utility bag system in claim 18, wherein the body portion is formed as a soft-body with the plurality of walls made of a flexible material. 20. The utility bag system in claim 18, wherein the body portion has a rigid bottom and the body portion is collapsible. | A utility bag system having a body that includes a first shell. The utility bag system can include a utility extension having a second shell. The utility bag system can include a fastener arranged to removably attach the utility extension to the body. The body can include at least one of a body portion, a lid portion, and a storage unit. The utility extension can include a pair of opposite planar surfaces. At least one of the body and the utility extension can have a magnetozone arranged to form a workstation. The workstation can be arranged to secure a metallic or magnetized article to the first or second shell. The first and second shell can be made of the same or a different material.1. A utility bag system, comprising:
a body having at least one of a body portion, a lid portion, and a storage unit; a utility extension having a pair of opposite planar surfaces; and a fastener arranged to removably attach one of the planar surfaces to the body, wherein the body has a first shell, wherein the utility extension has a second shell, wherein at least one of the body and the utility extension comprises a magnetozone arranged to secure a metallic or magnetized article. 2. The utility bag system in claim 1, further comprising a solar panel. 3. The utility bag system in claim 2, further comprising a charging station, wherein the charging station is charged by the solar panel. 4. The utility bag system in claim 1, wherein the body comprises an inner shell having a magnetozone. 5. The utility bag system in claim 1, wherein the storage unit comprises a magnetozone. 6. A utility bag system, comprising:
a body having a first shell, the body including a body portion; and a utility extension having a second shell, wherein the utility extension is arranged to removably attach to the body, and wherein the utility extension comprises a magnetozone that is arranged to secure a metallic or magnetized article to the second shell. 7. The utility bag system in claim 6, wherein the body includes a lid portion having a magnetozone on a surface of the first shell. 8. The utility bag system in claim 6, wherein the magnetozone is located on an inner shell in the utility bag. 9. The utility bag system in claim 6, wherein the utility extension comprises a fastener arranged to attach to the body. 10. The utility bag system in claim 6, further comprising:
a storage unit having a magnetozone. 11. The utility bag system in claim 10, wherein the storage unit is arranged as a workstation when in an open position. 12. The utility bag system in claim 6, wherein the utility extension comprises an other magnetozone that is arranged to secure the utility extension to a metallic or magnetized structure while simultaneously securing the metallic or magnetized article to the second shell. 13. The utility bag system in claim 12, wherein the other magnetozone is located on a surface of the second shell that is opposite said magnetozone. 14. The utility bag system in claim 6, wherein the magnetozone is located on a surface of the second shell. 15. The utility bag system in claim 14, wherein the magnetozone is formed by a magnet attached to the second shell. 16. The utility bag system in claim 14, wherein the magnetozone is formed by a magnet located between an outer layer and an inner layer. 17. The utility bag system in claim 14, wherein the magnet is attached to an outer layer in the second shell. 18. A utility bag system, comprising:
a body portion having a plurality of walls; a lid portion attached to the body portion; and a workstation having a magnetozone, wherein the workstation is formed on a surface of the lid portion, and wherein the lid portion or at least one of the plurality of walls is flexible. 19. The utility bag system in claim 18, wherein the body portion is formed as a soft-body with the plurality of walls made of a flexible material. 20. The utility bag system in claim 18, wherein the body portion has a rigid bottom and the body portion is collapsible. | 1,600 |
341,116 | 16,801,433 | 3,784 | A group exercise device is provided. The device has a top where a person exercising can obtain balance and positional support during the exercise routine. In addition, the exercise device provides different points of attachment for exercise units. The attachment points vary in vertical placement measured from the floor such that individuals of different builds and heights can jointly use the unit during either solo or group routines. The exercise device of the present invention promotes group interaction during an exercise routine by providing a stable attachment point for multiple users of exercise units, such as resistance bands, and a balance bar accessible in a communal fashion. | 1. A group exercise device comprising:
a base, a top, and a plurality of spines arranged therebetween; wherein each said spine has at least one point of attachment for temporarily affixing an individual exercise unit for a group routine, and said base is weighted to resist toppling of said exercise device during an exercise routine. 2. The exercise device of claim 1 wherein said base is circular in shape. 3. The exercise device of claim 1 wherein said base is comprised of polygonal sides. 4. The exercise device of claim 3 wherein each said polygonal side corresponds to a single spine. 5. The exercise device of claim 1 wherein said top comprises an upper surface that is rounded. 6. The exercise device of claim 5 wherein said top is formed of a tubular material. 7. The exercise device of claim 1 wherein said base and said top are circular in shape. 8. The exercise device of claim 7 wherein said points of attachment are annular rings. 9. The exercise device of claim 8 wherein said annular rings are configured to not extend beyond the outermost surface of said base and said top. 10. The exercise device of claim 1 wherein said spines are telescoping. 11. A group exercise device comprising:
a base comprising an anchor post; a top; and a plurality of spines arranged between said base and said top; wherein each said spine has at least one point of attachment for temporarily affixing an individual exercise unit for a group routine, and said anchor post is configured to removably accept plate weights to resist toppling of said exercise device during an exercise routine. 12. The exercise device of claim 11 wherein said base is circular in shape. 13. The exercise device of claim 11 wherein said base is comprised of polygonal sides. 14. The exercise device of claim 13 wherein each said polygonal side corresponds to a single spine. 15. The exercise device of claim 11 wherein said anchor post further comprises a locking mechanism to secure said plate weights onto said post. 16. The exercise device of claim 15 wherein said top is formed of a tubular material. 17. The exercise device of claim 11 wherein said base and said top are circular in shape. 18. The exercise device of claim 17 wherein said points of attachment are annular rings. 19. The exercise device of claim 18 wherein said annular rings are configured to not extend beyond the outermost surface of said base and said top. 20. The exercise device of claim 11 wherein said spines are telescoping. | A group exercise device is provided. The device has a top where a person exercising can obtain balance and positional support during the exercise routine. In addition, the exercise device provides different points of attachment for exercise units. The attachment points vary in vertical placement measured from the floor such that individuals of different builds and heights can jointly use the unit during either solo or group routines. The exercise device of the present invention promotes group interaction during an exercise routine by providing a stable attachment point for multiple users of exercise units, such as resistance bands, and a balance bar accessible in a communal fashion.1. A group exercise device comprising:
a base, a top, and a plurality of spines arranged therebetween; wherein each said spine has at least one point of attachment for temporarily affixing an individual exercise unit for a group routine, and said base is weighted to resist toppling of said exercise device during an exercise routine. 2. The exercise device of claim 1 wherein said base is circular in shape. 3. The exercise device of claim 1 wherein said base is comprised of polygonal sides. 4. The exercise device of claim 3 wherein each said polygonal side corresponds to a single spine. 5. The exercise device of claim 1 wherein said top comprises an upper surface that is rounded. 6. The exercise device of claim 5 wherein said top is formed of a tubular material. 7. The exercise device of claim 1 wherein said base and said top are circular in shape. 8. The exercise device of claim 7 wherein said points of attachment are annular rings. 9. The exercise device of claim 8 wherein said annular rings are configured to not extend beyond the outermost surface of said base and said top. 10. The exercise device of claim 1 wherein said spines are telescoping. 11. A group exercise device comprising:
a base comprising an anchor post; a top; and a plurality of spines arranged between said base and said top; wherein each said spine has at least one point of attachment for temporarily affixing an individual exercise unit for a group routine, and said anchor post is configured to removably accept plate weights to resist toppling of said exercise device during an exercise routine. 12. The exercise device of claim 11 wherein said base is circular in shape. 13. The exercise device of claim 11 wherein said base is comprised of polygonal sides. 14. The exercise device of claim 13 wherein each said polygonal side corresponds to a single spine. 15. The exercise device of claim 11 wherein said anchor post further comprises a locking mechanism to secure said plate weights onto said post. 16. The exercise device of claim 15 wherein said top is formed of a tubular material. 17. The exercise device of claim 11 wherein said base and said top are circular in shape. 18. The exercise device of claim 17 wherein said points of attachment are annular rings. 19. The exercise device of claim 18 wherein said annular rings are configured to not extend beyond the outermost surface of said base and said top. 20. The exercise device of claim 11 wherein said spines are telescoping. | 3,700 |
341,117 | 16,801,395 | 3,784 | A chip package structure is provided. The chip package structure includes a wiring structure. The chip package structure includes a first chip structure over the wiring structure. The chip package structure includes a first molding layer surrounding the first chip structure. The chip package structure includes a second chip structure over the first chip structure and the first molding layer. The chip package structure includes a second molding layer surrounding the second chip structure and over the first chip structure and the first molding layer. The chip package structure includes a third chip structure over the second chip structure and the second molding layer. The chip package structure includes a third molding layer surrounding the third chip structure and over the second chip structure and the second molding layer. The chip package structure includes a fourth molding layer surrounding the second molding layer and the third molding layer. | 1. A chip package structure, comprising:
a wiring structure; a first chip structure over the wiring structure; a first molding layer surrounding the first chip structure; a second chip structure over the first chip structure and the first molding layer; a second molding layer surrounding the second chip structure and over the first chip structure and the first molding layer; a third chip structure over the second chip structure and the second molding layer; a third molding layer surrounding the third chip structure and over the second chip structure and the second molding layer, wherein a first sidewall of the second molding layer and a second sidewall of the third molding layer are substantially coplanar; and a fourth molding layer surrounding the second molding layer and the third molding layer, wherein a third sidewall of the first molding layer and a fourth sidewall of the fourth molding layer are substantially coplanar. 2. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a first conductive structure passing through the second molding layer and connected to the third chip structure. 3. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 2, further comprising:
a second conductive structure passing through the first molding layer and connected to the first conductive structure and the wiring structure. 4. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 3, further comprising:
a third conductive structure passing through the first molding layer and connected to the second chip structure and the wiring structure. 5. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
an insulating layer between the first chip structure and the second chip structure, between the first molding layer and the second chip structure, and between the first molding layer and the second molding layer. 6. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 5, wherein the insulating layer is further between the first molding layer and the fourth molding layer. 7. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 6, wherein a fifth sidewall of the insulating layer, the third sidewall of the first molding layer, and the fourth sidewall of the fourth molding layer are substantially coplanar. 8. A chip package structure, comprising:
a wiring structure; a first chip structure over the wiring structure; a first molding layer surrounding the first chip structure; a first conductive structure passing through the first molding layer and connected to the wiring structure; a second chip structure over the first chip structure, the first molding layer, and the first conductive structure, wherein the second chip structure is electrically connected to the wiring structure through the first conductive structure; a second molding layer surrounding the second chip structure and over the first chip structure and the first molding layer; a third chip structure over the second chip structure and the second molding layer; a third molding layer surrounding the third chip structure and over the second chip structure and the second molding layer; and a fourth molding layer surrounding the second molding layer and the third molding layer, wherein a first sidewall of the first molding layer and a second sidewall of the fourth molding layer are substantially coplanar. 9. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein a third sidewall of the second molding layer and a fourth sidewall of the third molding layer are substantially coplanar. 10. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 8, further comprising:
an insulating layer between the second chip structure and the third chip structure, between the third chip structure and the second molding layer, and between the second molding layer and the third molding layer. 11. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 10, wherein a third sidewall of the second molding layer, a fourth sidewall of the third molding layer and a fifth sidewall of the insulating layer are substantially coplanar. 12. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 10, further comprising:
a second conductive structure passing through the second molding layer and the insulating layer and connected to the third chip structure. 13. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 12, further comprising:
a fourth chip structure over the first chip structure and the first molding layer; a fifth molding layer surrounding the fourth chip structure and over the first chip structure and the first molding layer; a fifth chip structure over the fourth chip structure and the fifth molding layer; and a sixth molding layer surrounding the fifth chip structure and over the fourth chip structure and the fifth molding layer, wherein the fourth molding layer further surrounds the fifth molding layer and the sixth molding layer. 14. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 12, further comprising:
a fourth chip structure over the third chip structure, the third molding layer, and the fourth molding layer; a fifth molding layer surrounding the fourth chip structure and over the third chip structure and the fourth molding layer; a fifth chip structure over the fourth chip structure and the fifth molding layer; a sixth molding layer surrounding the fifth chip structure and over the fourth chip structure and the fifth molding layer; and a seventh molding layer surrounding the fifth molding layer and the sixth molding layer and over the third chip structure, the third molding layer, and the fourth molding layer. 15. A method for forming a chip package structure, comprising:
forming a first molding layer surrounding a first chip structure; disposing a second chip structure over the first chip structure and the first molding layer; forming a second molding layer surrounding the second chip structure and over the first chip structure and the first molding layer; forming a third molding layer surrounding the first molding layer and the second molding layer; disposing a third chip structure over the second chip structure, the second molding layer and the third molding layer; and forming a fourth molding layer surrounding the third chip structure and over the second chip structure, the second molding layer, and the third molding layer. 16. The method for forming the chip package structure as claimed in claim 15, wherein a first sidewall of the first molding layer and a second sidewall of the second molding layer are substantially coplanar. 17. The method for forming the chip package structure as claimed in claim 16, wherein a third sidewall of the third molding layer and a fourth sidewall of the fourth molding layer are substantially coplanar. 18. The method for forming the chip package structure as claimed in claim 15, further comprising:
before disposing the third chip structure over the second chip structure, the second molding layer and the third molding layer, forming a first insulating layer over the second chip structure, the second molding layer and the third molding layer, wherein the third chip structure is disposed over the first insulating layer. 19. The method for forming the chip package structure as claimed in claim 18, further comprising:
before disposing the second chip structure over the first chip structure and the first molding layer, forming a second insulating layer over the first chip structure and the first molding layer, wherein the second chip structure is disposed over the second insulating layer. 20. The method for forming the chip package structure as claimed in claim 19, wherein a first sidewall of the first molding layer, a second sidewall of the second molding layer, and a third sidewall of the second insulating layer are substantially coplanar. | A chip package structure is provided. The chip package structure includes a wiring structure. The chip package structure includes a first chip structure over the wiring structure. The chip package structure includes a first molding layer surrounding the first chip structure. The chip package structure includes a second chip structure over the first chip structure and the first molding layer. The chip package structure includes a second molding layer surrounding the second chip structure and over the first chip structure and the first molding layer. The chip package structure includes a third chip structure over the second chip structure and the second molding layer. The chip package structure includes a third molding layer surrounding the third chip structure and over the second chip structure and the second molding layer. The chip package structure includes a fourth molding layer surrounding the second molding layer and the third molding layer.1. A chip package structure, comprising:
a wiring structure; a first chip structure over the wiring structure; a first molding layer surrounding the first chip structure; a second chip structure over the first chip structure and the first molding layer; a second molding layer surrounding the second chip structure and over the first chip structure and the first molding layer; a third chip structure over the second chip structure and the second molding layer; a third molding layer surrounding the third chip structure and over the second chip structure and the second molding layer, wherein a first sidewall of the second molding layer and a second sidewall of the third molding layer are substantially coplanar; and a fourth molding layer surrounding the second molding layer and the third molding layer, wherein a third sidewall of the first molding layer and a fourth sidewall of the fourth molding layer are substantially coplanar. 2. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a first conductive structure passing through the second molding layer and connected to the third chip structure. 3. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 2, further comprising:
a second conductive structure passing through the first molding layer and connected to the first conductive structure and the wiring structure. 4. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 3, further comprising:
a third conductive structure passing through the first molding layer and connected to the second chip structure and the wiring structure. 5. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
an insulating layer between the first chip structure and the second chip structure, between the first molding layer and the second chip structure, and between the first molding layer and the second molding layer. 6. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 5, wherein the insulating layer is further between the first molding layer and the fourth molding layer. 7. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 6, wherein a fifth sidewall of the insulating layer, the third sidewall of the first molding layer, and the fourth sidewall of the fourth molding layer are substantially coplanar. 8. A chip package structure, comprising:
a wiring structure; a first chip structure over the wiring structure; a first molding layer surrounding the first chip structure; a first conductive structure passing through the first molding layer and connected to the wiring structure; a second chip structure over the first chip structure, the first molding layer, and the first conductive structure, wherein the second chip structure is electrically connected to the wiring structure through the first conductive structure; a second molding layer surrounding the second chip structure and over the first chip structure and the first molding layer; a third chip structure over the second chip structure and the second molding layer; a third molding layer surrounding the third chip structure and over the second chip structure and the second molding layer; and a fourth molding layer surrounding the second molding layer and the third molding layer, wherein a first sidewall of the first molding layer and a second sidewall of the fourth molding layer are substantially coplanar. 9. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 8, wherein a third sidewall of the second molding layer and a fourth sidewall of the third molding layer are substantially coplanar. 10. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 8, further comprising:
an insulating layer between the second chip structure and the third chip structure, between the third chip structure and the second molding layer, and between the second molding layer and the third molding layer. 11. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 10, wherein a third sidewall of the second molding layer, a fourth sidewall of the third molding layer and a fifth sidewall of the insulating layer are substantially coplanar. 12. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 10, further comprising:
a second conductive structure passing through the second molding layer and the insulating layer and connected to the third chip structure. 13. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 12, further comprising:
a fourth chip structure over the first chip structure and the first molding layer; a fifth molding layer surrounding the fourth chip structure and over the first chip structure and the first molding layer; a fifth chip structure over the fourth chip structure and the fifth molding layer; and a sixth molding layer surrounding the fifth chip structure and over the fourth chip structure and the fifth molding layer, wherein the fourth molding layer further surrounds the fifth molding layer and the sixth molding layer. 14. The chip package structure as claimed in claim 12, further comprising:
a fourth chip structure over the third chip structure, the third molding layer, and the fourth molding layer; a fifth molding layer surrounding the fourth chip structure and over the third chip structure and the fourth molding layer; a fifth chip structure over the fourth chip structure and the fifth molding layer; a sixth molding layer surrounding the fifth chip structure and over the fourth chip structure and the fifth molding layer; and a seventh molding layer surrounding the fifth molding layer and the sixth molding layer and over the third chip structure, the third molding layer, and the fourth molding layer. 15. A method for forming a chip package structure, comprising:
forming a first molding layer surrounding a first chip structure; disposing a second chip structure over the first chip structure and the first molding layer; forming a second molding layer surrounding the second chip structure and over the first chip structure and the first molding layer; forming a third molding layer surrounding the first molding layer and the second molding layer; disposing a third chip structure over the second chip structure, the second molding layer and the third molding layer; and forming a fourth molding layer surrounding the third chip structure and over the second chip structure, the second molding layer, and the third molding layer. 16. The method for forming the chip package structure as claimed in claim 15, wherein a first sidewall of the first molding layer and a second sidewall of the second molding layer are substantially coplanar. 17. The method for forming the chip package structure as claimed in claim 16, wherein a third sidewall of the third molding layer and a fourth sidewall of the fourth molding layer are substantially coplanar. 18. The method for forming the chip package structure as claimed in claim 15, further comprising:
before disposing the third chip structure over the second chip structure, the second molding layer and the third molding layer, forming a first insulating layer over the second chip structure, the second molding layer and the third molding layer, wherein the third chip structure is disposed over the first insulating layer. 19. The method for forming the chip package structure as claimed in claim 18, further comprising:
before disposing the second chip structure over the first chip structure and the first molding layer, forming a second insulating layer over the first chip structure and the first molding layer, wherein the second chip structure is disposed over the second insulating layer. 20. The method for forming the chip package structure as claimed in claim 19, wherein a first sidewall of the first molding layer, a second sidewall of the second molding layer, and a third sidewall of the second insulating layer are substantially coplanar. | 3,700 |
341,118 | 16,801,390 | 3,784 | A storage device for mobile provision of data at a technical installation includes a first connector for mechanical connection to a complementary mating connector, a second connector adjoining the first connector, and a housing enclosing the first connector and the second connector. The second connector can releasably receive a storage medium in a receptacle and can contact power and data connections of the storage medium when the storage medium is in the receptacle. The first connector is coupled to the second connector and, as a result of the coupling, the power and data connections of the storage medium can be contacted via the first connector. The first connector is a round plug connector with a connecting element having a circular cross-section or a heavy-duty connector. | 1. A storage device for mobile provision of data at a technical installation, comprising:
a first connector for mechanical connection to a complementary mating connector, a second connector adjoining the first connector, and a housing enclosing the first connector and the second connector, wherein the second connector is configured to releasably receive a storage medium in a receptacle and to contact power and data connections of the storage medium when the storage medium is in the receptacle, wherein the first connector is configured to be coupled to the second connector and, as a result of the coupling, the power and data connections of the storage medium can be contacted via the first connector, and wherein the first connector is at least one of (i) a round plug connector with a connecting element having a circular cross-section and (ii) a heavy-duty connector. 2. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises:
a first section that surrounds the connecting element of the first connector in a sleeve-like manner, wherein the first section is cylindrical, and a thread via which the housing can be screwed onto the complementary mating connector for the mechanical connection of the first connector to the complementary mating connector. 3. The storage device of claim 2, wherein the thread of the housing is at least one of M12, M8, M23, and ⅞-inch. 4. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the connecting element has a standardized mating face. 5. The storage device of claim 4, wherein the standardized mating face is in compliance with at least one of IEC61076-2 and IEC60352-4. 6. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises:
a first section, a second section rigidly coupled to the first section and surrounding the second connector in a sleeve-like manner, and a third section detachably arranged on the second section and configured to seal the housing on one side. 7. The storage device of claim 6, wherein:
the first section surrounds the connecting element of the first connector in a sleeve-like manner, the first section is cylindrical, and the housing comprises a thread via which the housing can be screwed onto the complementary mating connector for the mechanical connection of the first connector to the complementary mating connector. 8. The storage device of claim 6, wherein at least one of the second section and the third section has a knurling. 9. The storage device of claim 6, wherein the second section is screwed onto the third section. 10. The storage device of claim 9, wherein the housing is closed, dust-tight, and watertight when the first connector is screwed onto the complementary mating connector. 11. The storage device of claim 10, wherein the housing is in compliance with IP67 when the first connector is screwed onto the complementary mating connector. 12. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the first connector and the second connector are immovable relative to each other and are rotatably mounted as a unit inside the housing relative thereto. 13. The storage device of claim 1, wherein:
the second connector is arranged within the housing on a printed circuit board on which the power and data connections are led out as conductor tracks, and the first connector is coupled to the second connector via the printed circuit board. 14. The storage device of claim 13, further comprising a circuit board holder rotatably mounted within the housing and configured to hold the printed circuit board in a defined position relative to the housing. 15. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the second connector is a memory card holder in which memory cards can be inserted as the storage medium. 16. The storage device of claim 15, wherein the memory cards are SD cards. 17. The storage device of claim 1, wherein:
the first connector is the round plug connector, and the round plug connector comprises five pins. 18. The storage device of claim 17, wherein the round plug connector is an eight-pin connector. 19. The storage device of claim 1, wherein:
the first connector defines a plug-in direction S in which the first connector can be plugged onto the complementary mating connector, and the housing extends in a tubular manner in a longitudinal direction parallel to the plug-in direction S. 20. The storage device of claim 19, wherein a cross-section of the housing has a diameter of less than or equal to 21.5 mm. | A storage device for mobile provision of data at a technical installation includes a first connector for mechanical connection to a complementary mating connector, a second connector adjoining the first connector, and a housing enclosing the first connector and the second connector. The second connector can releasably receive a storage medium in a receptacle and can contact power and data connections of the storage medium when the storage medium is in the receptacle. The first connector is coupled to the second connector and, as a result of the coupling, the power and data connections of the storage medium can be contacted via the first connector. The first connector is a round plug connector with a connecting element having a circular cross-section or a heavy-duty connector.1. A storage device for mobile provision of data at a technical installation, comprising:
a first connector for mechanical connection to a complementary mating connector, a second connector adjoining the first connector, and a housing enclosing the first connector and the second connector, wherein the second connector is configured to releasably receive a storage medium in a receptacle and to contact power and data connections of the storage medium when the storage medium is in the receptacle, wherein the first connector is configured to be coupled to the second connector and, as a result of the coupling, the power and data connections of the storage medium can be contacted via the first connector, and wherein the first connector is at least one of (i) a round plug connector with a connecting element having a circular cross-section and (ii) a heavy-duty connector. 2. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises:
a first section that surrounds the connecting element of the first connector in a sleeve-like manner, wherein the first section is cylindrical, and a thread via which the housing can be screwed onto the complementary mating connector for the mechanical connection of the first connector to the complementary mating connector. 3. The storage device of claim 2, wherein the thread of the housing is at least one of M12, M8, M23, and ⅞-inch. 4. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the connecting element has a standardized mating face. 5. The storage device of claim 4, wherein the standardized mating face is in compliance with at least one of IEC61076-2 and IEC60352-4. 6. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises:
a first section, a second section rigidly coupled to the first section and surrounding the second connector in a sleeve-like manner, and a third section detachably arranged on the second section and configured to seal the housing on one side. 7. The storage device of claim 6, wherein:
the first section surrounds the connecting element of the first connector in a sleeve-like manner, the first section is cylindrical, and the housing comprises a thread via which the housing can be screwed onto the complementary mating connector for the mechanical connection of the first connector to the complementary mating connector. 8. The storage device of claim 6, wherein at least one of the second section and the third section has a knurling. 9. The storage device of claim 6, wherein the second section is screwed onto the third section. 10. The storage device of claim 9, wherein the housing is closed, dust-tight, and watertight when the first connector is screwed onto the complementary mating connector. 11. The storage device of claim 10, wherein the housing is in compliance with IP67 when the first connector is screwed onto the complementary mating connector. 12. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the first connector and the second connector are immovable relative to each other and are rotatably mounted as a unit inside the housing relative thereto. 13. The storage device of claim 1, wherein:
the second connector is arranged within the housing on a printed circuit board on which the power and data connections are led out as conductor tracks, and the first connector is coupled to the second connector via the printed circuit board. 14. The storage device of claim 13, further comprising a circuit board holder rotatably mounted within the housing and configured to hold the printed circuit board in a defined position relative to the housing. 15. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the second connector is a memory card holder in which memory cards can be inserted as the storage medium. 16. The storage device of claim 15, wherein the memory cards are SD cards. 17. The storage device of claim 1, wherein:
the first connector is the round plug connector, and the round plug connector comprises five pins. 18. The storage device of claim 17, wherein the round plug connector is an eight-pin connector. 19. The storage device of claim 1, wherein:
the first connector defines a plug-in direction S in which the first connector can be plugged onto the complementary mating connector, and the housing extends in a tubular manner in a longitudinal direction parallel to the plug-in direction S. 20. The storage device of claim 19, wherein a cross-section of the housing has a diameter of less than or equal to 21.5 mm. | 3,700 |
341,119 | 16,801,405 | 3,784 | An impeller includes a hub, a plurality of blades provided around an outer periphery of the hub, and at least two connecting rings connected to the plurality of blades. Each of the plurality of blades has a top edge and a bottom edge opposite to the top edge. One or more of the at least two connecting rings is disposed between but not connected to the top edges and the bottom edges of the plurality of blades. A cooling fan including the impeller is also provided. | 1. An impeller comprising:
a hub; a plurality of blades provided around an outer periphery of the hub, wherein each of the plurality of blades has a top edge and a bottom edge opposite to the top edge; at least two connecting rings connected to the plurality of blades, wherein one or more of the at least two connecting rings is disposed between but not connected to the top edges and the bottom edges of the plurality of blades. 2. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least two connecting rings are at a same level. 3. The impeller as claimed in claim 2, wherein the at least two connecting rings are disposed in a middle between the top edges and the bottom edges of the plurality of blades. 4. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hub has an annular wall connected to a first end of each of the plurality of blades, and wherein one of the at least two connecting rings is connected to a second end of each of the plurality of blades. 5. The impeller as claimed in claim 4, wherein the annular wall includes an extension portion extending outwards radially and connecting to the first ends of the plurality of blades. 6. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of blades has a length between a first end and a second end thereof, and wherein each of the at least two connecting rings is connected to each of the plurality of blades at any position from the second end to where it is at one-third of the length from the annular wall. 7. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of blades has a first end and a second end higher than the first end, and wherein the first end is more adjacent to the hub than the second end is. 8. The impeller as claimed in claim 7, wherein a distance between the top edge and the bottom edge of the blade gradually increases from the first end to the second end of the blade. 9. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of blades includes a rear curving section and a front curving section, wherein the rear curving section is more adjacent to the hub than the front curving section is, wherein each of the plurality of blades further includes an intermediate section connected between the rear curving section and the front curving section, and wherein one of the at least two connecting rings is disposed on the intermediate section. 10. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least two connecting rings include two connecting rings, wherein one of the two connecting rings is disposed between but not connected to the top edges and the bottom edges of the plurality of blades, and wherein another of the two connecting rings is connected to the plurality of blades slightly above or below the top edges of the plurality of blades or slightly above or below the bottom edges of the plurality of blades. 11. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hub includes an annular wall connected to an edge of a plate, wherein the plate has a central hole, and wherein the hub includes a reinforcing portion around the central hole of the plate. 12. The impeller as claimed in claim 11, wherein the reinforcing portion includes a plurality of protruding ribs extending from the central hole towards the annular wall of the hub. 13. The impeller as claimed in claim 11, wherein the reinforcing portion includes an annular rib around the central hole of the hub. 14. The impeller as claimed in claim 13, wherein the reinforcing portion further includes a plurality of protruding ribs extending from the annular rib towards the annular wall of the hub. 15. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least two connecting rings include three connecting rings, wherein one of the three connecting rings is disposed between but not connected to the top edges and the bottom edges of the plurality of blades, and wherein another two of the three connecting rings are connected to the top edges and the bottom edges of the plurality of blades, respectively. 16. The impeller as claimed in claim 15, wherein the one of the three connecting rings is more adjacent to the hub than the other two of the three connecting rings are. 17. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of blades has a thickness of 0.02 to 0.5 mm. 18. The impeller as claimed in claim 17, wherein each of the plurality of blades has a thickness smaller than 0.1 mm. 19. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein a quantity of the plurality of blades is 70 to 134. 20. The impeller as claimed in claim 19, wherein a quantity of the plurality of blades is 91 to 134. 21. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein an outer diameter of the impeller is larger than or equal to 40 mm. 22. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of blades and the at least two connecting rings are made of polymer. 23. The impeller as claimed in claim 22, wherein the polymer is a mixture of liquid crystal polymer and carbon fiber. 24. The impeller as claimed in claim 22, wherein the polymer is a mixture of liquid crystal polymer and mineral fiber. 25. The impeller as claimed in claim 22, wherein the polymer is a mixture of liquid crystal polymer, glass fiber and mineral fiber. 26. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of blades does not extend beyond a top face of the hub. 27. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the at least two connecting rings has a thickness larger than or equal to a maximum thickness of each of the plurality of blades. 28. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the at least two connecting rings has a radial width larger than or equal to a maximum thickness of each of the plurality of blades. 29. A cooling fan comprising:
a fan frame including a base, wherein the base includes a shaft tube; a stator mounted around an outer periphery of the shaft tube; and the impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the impeller is rotatably coupled with the shaft tube. | An impeller includes a hub, a plurality of blades provided around an outer periphery of the hub, and at least two connecting rings connected to the plurality of blades. Each of the plurality of blades has a top edge and a bottom edge opposite to the top edge. One or more of the at least two connecting rings is disposed between but not connected to the top edges and the bottom edges of the plurality of blades. A cooling fan including the impeller is also provided.1. An impeller comprising:
a hub; a plurality of blades provided around an outer periphery of the hub, wherein each of the plurality of blades has a top edge and a bottom edge opposite to the top edge; at least two connecting rings connected to the plurality of blades, wherein one or more of the at least two connecting rings is disposed between but not connected to the top edges and the bottom edges of the plurality of blades. 2. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least two connecting rings are at a same level. 3. The impeller as claimed in claim 2, wherein the at least two connecting rings are disposed in a middle between the top edges and the bottom edges of the plurality of blades. 4. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hub has an annular wall connected to a first end of each of the plurality of blades, and wherein one of the at least two connecting rings is connected to a second end of each of the plurality of blades. 5. The impeller as claimed in claim 4, wherein the annular wall includes an extension portion extending outwards radially and connecting to the first ends of the plurality of blades. 6. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of blades has a length between a first end and a second end thereof, and wherein each of the at least two connecting rings is connected to each of the plurality of blades at any position from the second end to where it is at one-third of the length from the annular wall. 7. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of blades has a first end and a second end higher than the first end, and wherein the first end is more adjacent to the hub than the second end is. 8. The impeller as claimed in claim 7, wherein a distance between the top edge and the bottom edge of the blade gradually increases from the first end to the second end of the blade. 9. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of blades includes a rear curving section and a front curving section, wherein the rear curving section is more adjacent to the hub than the front curving section is, wherein each of the plurality of blades further includes an intermediate section connected between the rear curving section and the front curving section, and wherein one of the at least two connecting rings is disposed on the intermediate section. 10. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least two connecting rings include two connecting rings, wherein one of the two connecting rings is disposed between but not connected to the top edges and the bottom edges of the plurality of blades, and wherein another of the two connecting rings is connected to the plurality of blades slightly above or below the top edges of the plurality of blades or slightly above or below the bottom edges of the plurality of blades. 11. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hub includes an annular wall connected to an edge of a plate, wherein the plate has a central hole, and wherein the hub includes a reinforcing portion around the central hole of the plate. 12. The impeller as claimed in claim 11, wherein the reinforcing portion includes a plurality of protruding ribs extending from the central hole towards the annular wall of the hub. 13. The impeller as claimed in claim 11, wherein the reinforcing portion includes an annular rib around the central hole of the hub. 14. The impeller as claimed in claim 13, wherein the reinforcing portion further includes a plurality of protruding ribs extending from the annular rib towards the annular wall of the hub. 15. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least two connecting rings include three connecting rings, wherein one of the three connecting rings is disposed between but not connected to the top edges and the bottom edges of the plurality of blades, and wherein another two of the three connecting rings are connected to the top edges and the bottom edges of the plurality of blades, respectively. 16. The impeller as claimed in claim 15, wherein the one of the three connecting rings is more adjacent to the hub than the other two of the three connecting rings are. 17. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of blades has a thickness of 0.02 to 0.5 mm. 18. The impeller as claimed in claim 17, wherein each of the plurality of blades has a thickness smaller than 0.1 mm. 19. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein a quantity of the plurality of blades is 70 to 134. 20. The impeller as claimed in claim 19, wherein a quantity of the plurality of blades is 91 to 134. 21. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein an outer diameter of the impeller is larger than or equal to 40 mm. 22. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of blades and the at least two connecting rings are made of polymer. 23. The impeller as claimed in claim 22, wherein the polymer is a mixture of liquid crystal polymer and carbon fiber. 24. The impeller as claimed in claim 22, wherein the polymer is a mixture of liquid crystal polymer and mineral fiber. 25. The impeller as claimed in claim 22, wherein the polymer is a mixture of liquid crystal polymer, glass fiber and mineral fiber. 26. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of blades does not extend beyond a top face of the hub. 27. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the at least two connecting rings has a thickness larger than or equal to a maximum thickness of each of the plurality of blades. 28. The impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the at least two connecting rings has a radial width larger than or equal to a maximum thickness of each of the plurality of blades. 29. A cooling fan comprising:
a fan frame including a base, wherein the base includes a shaft tube; a stator mounted around an outer periphery of the shaft tube; and the impeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the impeller is rotatably coupled with the shaft tube. | 3,700 |
341,120 | 16,801,394 | 3,784 | Disclosed herein are techniques for aligning a collimator assembly with an array of LEDs. According to certain embodiments, a method includes using lithography to form a first plurality of contact pads and a second plurality of contact pads on a backplane; bonding a plurality of dies to the first plurality of contact pads, wherein each of the plurality of dies comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes; forming a first plurality of features on the second plurality of contact pads; and aligning a plurality of lenses on an assembly with the plurality of dies by coupling a second plurality of features on the assembly with the first plurality of features on the second plurality of contact pads. | 1. A method comprising:
using lithography to form a first plurality of contact pads on a backplane and a second plurality of contact pads on the backplane; bonding a plurality of dies to the first plurality of contact pads, wherein each of the plurality of dies comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes; forming a first plurality of features on the second plurality of contact pads; and aligning a plurality of lenses on an assembly with the plurality of dies by coupling a second plurality of features on the assembly with the first plurality of features on the second plurality of contact pads. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of features are balls comprising a fusible material and the second plurality of features are recesses in the collimator assembly. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the balls has a spherical shape. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the balls has an oblong shape. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of lenses is a collimating lens. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of contact pads and the second plurality of contact pads are formed simultaneously. 7. A method comprising:
using lithography to form a plurality of contact pads on a backplane and a plurality of openings in the backplane; bonding a plurality of dies to the plurality of contact pads, wherein each of the plurality of dies comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes; and aligning a plurality of lenses on an assembly with the plurality of dies by coupling a plurality of features on the assembly with the plurality of openings in the backplane. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the plurality of features are protrusions from the collimator assembly. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the plurality of openings extend through a redistribution layer of the backplane. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the backplane further comprises a metal sidewall for each of the plurality of openings. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein each of the plurality of lenses is a collimating lens. 12. The method of claim 6, wherein the plurality of contact pads and the plurality of openings are formed simultaneously. 13. A display projector comprising:
a display device comprising:
a backplane;
a plurality of dies, wherein each die of the plurality of dies comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes, and each die of the plurality of dies is connected to the backplane; and
a first plurality of features on the backplane;
a collimator assembly comprising:
a plurality of lenses; and
a second plurality of features on the collimator assembly;
wherein the first plurality of features on the backplane are coupled with the second plurality of features on the collimator assembly such that the plurality of dies are aligned with the plurality of lenses. 14. The display projector of claim 13, wherein the first plurality of features are balls comprising a fusible material and the second plurality of features are recesses in the collimator assembly. 15. The display projector of claim 14, wherein each of the balls has a spherical shape. 16. The display projector of claim 14, wherein each of the balls has an oblong shape. 17. The display projector of claim 13, wherein the first plurality of features are openings in the backplane and the second plurality of features are protrusions from the collimator assembly. 18. The display projector of claim 17, wherein the openings extend through a redistribution layer of the backplane. 19. The display projector of claim 17, wherein the backplane further comprises a metal sidewall for each of the openings. | Disclosed herein are techniques for aligning a collimator assembly with an array of LEDs. According to certain embodiments, a method includes using lithography to form a first plurality of contact pads and a second plurality of contact pads on a backplane; bonding a plurality of dies to the first plurality of contact pads, wherein each of the plurality of dies comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes; forming a first plurality of features on the second plurality of contact pads; and aligning a plurality of lenses on an assembly with the plurality of dies by coupling a second plurality of features on the assembly with the first plurality of features on the second plurality of contact pads.1. A method comprising:
using lithography to form a first plurality of contact pads on a backplane and a second plurality of contact pads on the backplane; bonding a plurality of dies to the first plurality of contact pads, wherein each of the plurality of dies comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes; forming a first plurality of features on the second plurality of contact pads; and aligning a plurality of lenses on an assembly with the plurality of dies by coupling a second plurality of features on the assembly with the first plurality of features on the second plurality of contact pads. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of features are balls comprising a fusible material and the second plurality of features are recesses in the collimator assembly. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the balls has a spherical shape. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the balls has an oblong shape. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of lenses is a collimating lens. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first plurality of contact pads and the second plurality of contact pads are formed simultaneously. 7. A method comprising:
using lithography to form a plurality of contact pads on a backplane and a plurality of openings in the backplane; bonding a plurality of dies to the plurality of contact pads, wherein each of the plurality of dies comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes; and aligning a plurality of lenses on an assembly with the plurality of dies by coupling a plurality of features on the assembly with the plurality of openings in the backplane. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the plurality of features are protrusions from the collimator assembly. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the plurality of openings extend through a redistribution layer of the backplane. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the backplane further comprises a metal sidewall for each of the plurality of openings. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein each of the plurality of lenses is a collimating lens. 12. The method of claim 6, wherein the plurality of contact pads and the plurality of openings are formed simultaneously. 13. A display projector comprising:
a display device comprising:
a backplane;
a plurality of dies, wherein each die of the plurality of dies comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes, and each die of the plurality of dies is connected to the backplane; and
a first plurality of features on the backplane;
a collimator assembly comprising:
a plurality of lenses; and
a second plurality of features on the collimator assembly;
wherein the first plurality of features on the backplane are coupled with the second plurality of features on the collimator assembly such that the plurality of dies are aligned with the plurality of lenses. 14. The display projector of claim 13, wherein the first plurality of features are balls comprising a fusible material and the second plurality of features are recesses in the collimator assembly. 15. The display projector of claim 14, wherein each of the balls has a spherical shape. 16. The display projector of claim 14, wherein each of the balls has an oblong shape. 17. The display projector of claim 13, wherein the first plurality of features are openings in the backplane and the second plurality of features are protrusions from the collimator assembly. 18. The display projector of claim 17, wherein the openings extend through a redistribution layer of the backplane. 19. The display projector of claim 17, wherein the backplane further comprises a metal sidewall for each of the openings. | 3,700 |
341,121 | 16,801,442 | 3,784 | A sensor system and a joystick including the sensor system. The sensor system comprises a magnetic field sensor, and first and second magnetic sources. The first magnetic source is rotatable relative to a sensitive surface of the sensor and generates a first magnetic field contribution of at least quadrupolar order. The second magnetic source is pivotable with respect to the sensitive surface and generates a second magnetic field contribution. The sensor is configured for detecting at least an in-plane component of a superimposition field of the first and second magnetic contributions at a plurality of lateral measurement locations on the sensitive surface, obtaining measurements, and determining a rotation angle for the first source from the field gradient measurements and two angular directions for the second source from the field mean measurements. Lateral measurement locations are arranged into two pairs of diametrically opposite measurement locations with respect to the sensitive surface. | 1. A sensor system for use in a joystick, comprising:
a magnetic field sensor having a sensitive surface, a first magnetic source, rotatably mounted relative to the sensitive surface, for generating a first magnetic field contribution of at least quadrupolar order at the sensitive surface, a rotating movement of the first magnetic source with respect to the sensitive surface being defined by a rotation angle, and a second magnetic source, pivotable to a plurality of source orientations with respect to the sensitive surface, for generating a second magnetic field contribution at the sensitive surface, each source orientation with respect to the sensitive surface being defined by two angular directions, 2. The sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field sensor is further configured for obtaining a measurement indicative of a field mean for an out-of-plane component of the second magnetic field contribution at the center location, based on a plurality of detected spatial components of the superimposition field corresponding to the plurality of lateral measurement locations and/or based on a further detected out-of-plane component of the superimposition field at the center location. 3. The sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field sensor is configured for obtaining measurements indicative of the field gradient and/or the field mean by combining sums and/or differences of the detected spatial components of the plurality of detected spatial components of the superimposition field corresponding to a same pair of lateral measurement locations on the sensitive surface. 4. The sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field sensor is configured for determining the two angular directions for the second magnetic source from the obtained field mean measurements by providing a physical model for the second magnetic source to relate variations in the second magnetic field contribution generated at the center location to variations in the two angular directions, and determining the two angular directions as a solution to the physical model, using the obtained field mean measurements at the center location as model constraints. 5. The sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field sensor is configured for detecting two different in-plane components, or an in-plane component and an out-of-plane component, of the superimposition field for at least one of plurality of lateral measurement locations and the center location. 6. The sensor system according to claim 1, wherein an angle formed between lines connecting the two lateral measurement locations of each pair of lateral measurement locations is an integer multiple of 45 arc degrees. 7. The sensor system according to claim 1, wherein a rotation axis for the rotatably mounted first magnetic source intersects the sensitive surface of the magnetic field sensor at the center location. 8. The sensor system according to claim 1, further comprising mechanical coupling elements between the first magnetic source and the second magnetic source for maintaining the first magnetic source at a constant relative position with respect to the second magnetic source. 9. The sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the first and second magnetic source are positioned at a same side of the sensitive surface, and/or wherein the first and second magnetic source are positioned at opposite sides of the sensitive surface. 10. The sensor system according to claim 1, wherein a relative position of the center of the second magnetic source is constant with respect to the magnetic field sensor, independently of the rotation angle, when the second magnetic source is being pivoted, and/or the wherein the relative position of the center of the second magnetic source moves on a spherical surface when the second magnetic source is being pivoted. 11. The sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the first magnetic source is a quadrupole, hexapole, or octupole permanent magnet, and/or wherein the second magnetic source is a dipole electromagnet or dipole permanent magnet. 12. The sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field sensor comprises a plurality of magnetic field sensing elements arranged at the plurality of measurement locations on the sensitive surface. 13. The sensor system according to claim 12, wherein at least one of the plurality of magnetic field sensing elements comprises at least one of the group consisting of a planar Hall-effect probe, a magneto-resistive probe, a vertical Hall-effect probe, and a fluxgate probe. 14. The sensor system according to claim 12, wherein the magnetic field sensor further comprises a plurality magnetic flux concentrators, each being arranged on the sensitive surface such that a flux of the superimposition field is concentrated at the magnetic field sensing elements. 15. The sensor system according to claim 1, further comprising a processing unit adapted for determining and compensating an offset in the relative position and/or orientation of a center of each one of the first and second magnetic source. 16. The sensor system according to claim 1, further comprising a rotatable shaft coupled to the first magnetic source or the magnetic field sensor, for rotating the first magnetic source about a longitudinal axis of the shaft and relative to the sensitive surface, and a pivotable holding member for securing the magnetic field sensor or the second magnetic source and for pivoting the second magnetic source relative to the sensitive surface. 17. The sensor system according to claim 16, wherein the pivotable holding member is coupled to, or is forming part of, a gimbal mount or a ball-and-socket mount. 18. A sensor system for use in a joystick, comprising:
a magnetic field sensor having a sensitive surface, a first magnetic source, rotatably mounted relative to the sensitive surface, for generating a first magnetic field contribution of at least quadrupolar order at the sensitive surface, a rotating movement of the first magnetic source with respect to the sensitive surface being defined by a rotation angle, and a second magnetic source, pivotable to a plurality of source orientations with respect to the sensitive surface, for generating a second magnetic field contribution at the sensitive surface, each source orientation with respect to the sensitive surface being defined by two angular directions, 19. A joystick comprising a sensor system according to claim 1. 20. A joystick comprising a sensor system according to claim 18. | A sensor system and a joystick including the sensor system. The sensor system comprises a magnetic field sensor, and first and second magnetic sources. The first magnetic source is rotatable relative to a sensitive surface of the sensor and generates a first magnetic field contribution of at least quadrupolar order. The second magnetic source is pivotable with respect to the sensitive surface and generates a second magnetic field contribution. The sensor is configured for detecting at least an in-plane component of a superimposition field of the first and second magnetic contributions at a plurality of lateral measurement locations on the sensitive surface, obtaining measurements, and determining a rotation angle for the first source from the field gradient measurements and two angular directions for the second source from the field mean measurements. Lateral measurement locations are arranged into two pairs of diametrically opposite measurement locations with respect to the sensitive surface.1. A sensor system for use in a joystick, comprising:
a magnetic field sensor having a sensitive surface, a first magnetic source, rotatably mounted relative to the sensitive surface, for generating a first magnetic field contribution of at least quadrupolar order at the sensitive surface, a rotating movement of the first magnetic source with respect to the sensitive surface being defined by a rotation angle, and a second magnetic source, pivotable to a plurality of source orientations with respect to the sensitive surface, for generating a second magnetic field contribution at the sensitive surface, each source orientation with respect to the sensitive surface being defined by two angular directions, 2. The sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field sensor is further configured for obtaining a measurement indicative of a field mean for an out-of-plane component of the second magnetic field contribution at the center location, based on a plurality of detected spatial components of the superimposition field corresponding to the plurality of lateral measurement locations and/or based on a further detected out-of-plane component of the superimposition field at the center location. 3. The sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field sensor is configured for obtaining measurements indicative of the field gradient and/or the field mean by combining sums and/or differences of the detected spatial components of the plurality of detected spatial components of the superimposition field corresponding to a same pair of lateral measurement locations on the sensitive surface. 4. The sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field sensor is configured for determining the two angular directions for the second magnetic source from the obtained field mean measurements by providing a physical model for the second magnetic source to relate variations in the second magnetic field contribution generated at the center location to variations in the two angular directions, and determining the two angular directions as a solution to the physical model, using the obtained field mean measurements at the center location as model constraints. 5. The sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field sensor is configured for detecting two different in-plane components, or an in-plane component and an out-of-plane component, of the superimposition field for at least one of plurality of lateral measurement locations and the center location. 6. The sensor system according to claim 1, wherein an angle formed between lines connecting the two lateral measurement locations of each pair of lateral measurement locations is an integer multiple of 45 arc degrees. 7. The sensor system according to claim 1, wherein a rotation axis for the rotatably mounted first magnetic source intersects the sensitive surface of the magnetic field sensor at the center location. 8. The sensor system according to claim 1, further comprising mechanical coupling elements between the first magnetic source and the second magnetic source for maintaining the first magnetic source at a constant relative position with respect to the second magnetic source. 9. The sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the first and second magnetic source are positioned at a same side of the sensitive surface, and/or wherein the first and second magnetic source are positioned at opposite sides of the sensitive surface. 10. The sensor system according to claim 1, wherein a relative position of the center of the second magnetic source is constant with respect to the magnetic field sensor, independently of the rotation angle, when the second magnetic source is being pivoted, and/or the wherein the relative position of the center of the second magnetic source moves on a spherical surface when the second magnetic source is being pivoted. 11. The sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the first magnetic source is a quadrupole, hexapole, or octupole permanent magnet, and/or wherein the second magnetic source is a dipole electromagnet or dipole permanent magnet. 12. The sensor system according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field sensor comprises a plurality of magnetic field sensing elements arranged at the plurality of measurement locations on the sensitive surface. 13. The sensor system according to claim 12, wherein at least one of the plurality of magnetic field sensing elements comprises at least one of the group consisting of a planar Hall-effect probe, a magneto-resistive probe, a vertical Hall-effect probe, and a fluxgate probe. 14. The sensor system according to claim 12, wherein the magnetic field sensor further comprises a plurality magnetic flux concentrators, each being arranged on the sensitive surface such that a flux of the superimposition field is concentrated at the magnetic field sensing elements. 15. The sensor system according to claim 1, further comprising a processing unit adapted for determining and compensating an offset in the relative position and/or orientation of a center of each one of the first and second magnetic source. 16. The sensor system according to claim 1, further comprising a rotatable shaft coupled to the first magnetic source or the magnetic field sensor, for rotating the first magnetic source about a longitudinal axis of the shaft and relative to the sensitive surface, and a pivotable holding member for securing the magnetic field sensor or the second magnetic source and for pivoting the second magnetic source relative to the sensitive surface. 17. The sensor system according to claim 16, wherein the pivotable holding member is coupled to, or is forming part of, a gimbal mount or a ball-and-socket mount. 18. A sensor system for use in a joystick, comprising:
a magnetic field sensor having a sensitive surface, a first magnetic source, rotatably mounted relative to the sensitive surface, for generating a first magnetic field contribution of at least quadrupolar order at the sensitive surface, a rotating movement of the first magnetic source with respect to the sensitive surface being defined by a rotation angle, and a second magnetic source, pivotable to a plurality of source orientations with respect to the sensitive surface, for generating a second magnetic field contribution at the sensitive surface, each source orientation with respect to the sensitive surface being defined by two angular directions, 19. A joystick comprising a sensor system according to claim 1. 20. A joystick comprising a sensor system according to claim 18. | 3,700 |
341,122 | 16,801,447 | 3,784 | An integrated circuit having a secure domain is disclosed. Circuitry within the integrated circuit is used to select one of a plurality of scan modes. The sequence used to select one of the scan modes also serves to reset all of the flip-flops in the secure domain. In this way, it is impossible for a hacker to use the test modes to shift data from the secure domain out of the integrated circuit. The reset is generated asynchronously upon assertion of a first signal and is terminated upon the assertion of a second signal. The assertion of the second signal also serves to select one of the scan modes. This system cannot be hacked by any method that enters scan mode since it is a hardware based solution. | 1. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a secure domain, comprising flip-flops that contain confidential or proprietary information, a scan configuration circuit that selects a desired test mode configuration; a SCAN_TEST_EN signal that denotes that the integrated circuit is in a test mode; a SCAN_TST_UPD signal that is used to store the desired test mode configuration in the scan configuration circuit; and a secure domain protection circuit, wherein the secure domain protection circuit issues a reset to the flip-flops in the secure domain during a time interval between an assertion of the SCAN_TEST_EN signal and an assertion of the SCAN_TST_UPD signal. 2. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the assertion of the SCAN_TEST_EN signal causes the secure domain protection circuit to issue the reset. 3. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the assertion of the SCAN_TST_UPD signal causes the secure domain protection circuit to terminate the reset. 4. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the SCAN_TST_UPD signal is an external connection. 5. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the scan configuration circuit comprises a scan configuration shift register and a scan configuration shadow register, wherein the SCAN_TEST_UPD signal is used to clock data from the scan configuration shift register to the scan configuration shadow register. 6. The integrated circuit of claim 5, further comprising a SCAN_IN signal and a SCAN_CLK signal, wherein data is input to the scan configuration shift register via the SCAN_IN signal and the data is clocked into the scan configuration shift register by the SCAN_CLK signal. 7. The integrated circuit of claim 5, wherein the scan configuration shift register has a plurality of shift register flip-flops and the scan configuration shadow register comprises the same plurality of shadow register flip-flops, wherein an output of each of the plurality of shift register flip-flops is an input to a corresponding shadow register flip-flop. 8. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the reset is issued asynchronously. 9. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a secure domain, comprising flip-flops that contain confidential or proprietary information, a first signal that denotes that the integrated circuit is in a test mode; a second signal; and a secure domain protection circuit, wherein the secure domain protection circuit issues a reset to the flip-flops in the secure domain during a time interval between an assertion of the first signal and an assertion of the second signal. 10. The integrated circuit of claim 9, wherein the assertion of the first signal causes the secure domain protection circuit to issue the reset. 11. The integrated circuit of claim 9, wherein the assertion of the second signal causes the secure domain protection circuit to terminate the reset. 12. The integrated circuit of claim 9, wherein testing cannot be performed until after the assertion of the second signal. 13. The integrated circuit of claim 12, wherein the second signal is used to capture a mode of testing to be performed. 14. The integrated circuit of claim 9, wherein the second signal comprises an external connection. 15. The integrated circuit of claim 9, wherein the first signal is an output of an internal flip-flop. 16. The integrated circuit of claim 15, wherein the internal flip-flop is set by an on-chip debugger using single wire debug (SWD) mode. 17. The integrated circuit of claim 9, wherein the first signal comprises an external connection. 18. A method of performing a secure scan test of an integrated circuit, the integrated circuit comprising a secure domain comprising flip-flops that contain confidential or proprietary information and a scan configuration circuit that selects a desired test mode configuration; the method comprising:
asserting a SCAN_TEST_EN signal to place the integrated circuit in test mode, wherein the assertion of the SCAN_TEST_EN issues a reset to the flip-flops in the secure domain; inputting the desired test mode by presenting data to the integrated circuit; storing the desired test mode in the scan configuration circuit by asserting a SCAN_TST_UPDATE signal, wherein the assertion of the SCAN_TST_UPDATE signal also terminates the reset to the flip-flops in the secure domain; and performing the scan test after the desired test mode is stored. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the scan configuration circuit comprises a scan configuration shift register and a scan configuration shadow register, and the desired test mode is input by presenting the data via a SCAN_IN signal and pulsing a SCAN_CLK signal to shift the data into the scan configuration shift register; and wherein asserting the SCAN_TST_UPDATE signal clocks data from the scan configuration shift register to the scan configuration shadow register. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the SCAN_TEST_EN signal is an output of an internal flip-flop and is asserted using single wire debug (SWD) mode or JTAG/IJTAG mode. | An integrated circuit having a secure domain is disclosed. Circuitry within the integrated circuit is used to select one of a plurality of scan modes. The sequence used to select one of the scan modes also serves to reset all of the flip-flops in the secure domain. In this way, it is impossible for a hacker to use the test modes to shift data from the secure domain out of the integrated circuit. The reset is generated asynchronously upon assertion of a first signal and is terminated upon the assertion of a second signal. The assertion of the second signal also serves to select one of the scan modes. This system cannot be hacked by any method that enters scan mode since it is a hardware based solution.1. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a secure domain, comprising flip-flops that contain confidential or proprietary information, a scan configuration circuit that selects a desired test mode configuration; a SCAN_TEST_EN signal that denotes that the integrated circuit is in a test mode; a SCAN_TST_UPD signal that is used to store the desired test mode configuration in the scan configuration circuit; and a secure domain protection circuit, wherein the secure domain protection circuit issues a reset to the flip-flops in the secure domain during a time interval between an assertion of the SCAN_TEST_EN signal and an assertion of the SCAN_TST_UPD signal. 2. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the assertion of the SCAN_TEST_EN signal causes the secure domain protection circuit to issue the reset. 3. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the assertion of the SCAN_TST_UPD signal causes the secure domain protection circuit to terminate the reset. 4. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the SCAN_TST_UPD signal is an external connection. 5. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the scan configuration circuit comprises a scan configuration shift register and a scan configuration shadow register, wherein the SCAN_TEST_UPD signal is used to clock data from the scan configuration shift register to the scan configuration shadow register. 6. The integrated circuit of claim 5, further comprising a SCAN_IN signal and a SCAN_CLK signal, wherein data is input to the scan configuration shift register via the SCAN_IN signal and the data is clocked into the scan configuration shift register by the SCAN_CLK signal. 7. The integrated circuit of claim 5, wherein the scan configuration shift register has a plurality of shift register flip-flops and the scan configuration shadow register comprises the same plurality of shadow register flip-flops, wherein an output of each of the plurality of shift register flip-flops is an input to a corresponding shadow register flip-flop. 8. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the reset is issued asynchronously. 9. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a secure domain, comprising flip-flops that contain confidential or proprietary information, a first signal that denotes that the integrated circuit is in a test mode; a second signal; and a secure domain protection circuit, wherein the secure domain protection circuit issues a reset to the flip-flops in the secure domain during a time interval between an assertion of the first signal and an assertion of the second signal. 10. The integrated circuit of claim 9, wherein the assertion of the first signal causes the secure domain protection circuit to issue the reset. 11. The integrated circuit of claim 9, wherein the assertion of the second signal causes the secure domain protection circuit to terminate the reset. 12. The integrated circuit of claim 9, wherein testing cannot be performed until after the assertion of the second signal. 13. The integrated circuit of claim 12, wherein the second signal is used to capture a mode of testing to be performed. 14. The integrated circuit of claim 9, wherein the second signal comprises an external connection. 15. The integrated circuit of claim 9, wherein the first signal is an output of an internal flip-flop. 16. The integrated circuit of claim 15, wherein the internal flip-flop is set by an on-chip debugger using single wire debug (SWD) mode. 17. The integrated circuit of claim 9, wherein the first signal comprises an external connection. 18. A method of performing a secure scan test of an integrated circuit, the integrated circuit comprising a secure domain comprising flip-flops that contain confidential or proprietary information and a scan configuration circuit that selects a desired test mode configuration; the method comprising:
asserting a SCAN_TEST_EN signal to place the integrated circuit in test mode, wherein the assertion of the SCAN_TEST_EN issues a reset to the flip-flops in the secure domain; inputting the desired test mode by presenting data to the integrated circuit; storing the desired test mode in the scan configuration circuit by asserting a SCAN_TST_UPDATE signal, wherein the assertion of the SCAN_TST_UPDATE signal also terminates the reset to the flip-flops in the secure domain; and performing the scan test after the desired test mode is stored. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the scan configuration circuit comprises a scan configuration shift register and a scan configuration shadow register, and the desired test mode is input by presenting the data via a SCAN_IN signal and pulsing a SCAN_CLK signal to shift the data into the scan configuration shift register; and wherein asserting the SCAN_TST_UPDATE signal clocks data from the scan configuration shift register to the scan configuration shadow register. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the SCAN_TEST_EN signal is an output of an internal flip-flop and is asserted using single wire debug (SWD) mode or JTAG/IJTAG mode. | 3,700 |
341,123 | 16,801,459 | 3,784 | A method for determining duplication of a vulnerability may include a vulnerability extraction step of extracting vulnerability uniform resource locator (URL) addresses including the vulnerability from an analysis target server; a hash generation step of generating the URL hash value corresponding to the extracted vulnerability from the vulnerability URL address; and a duplication determination step of determining, when the URL hash value is present in the first comparison table, that the vulnerability is duplicated and excluding the corresponding vulnerability from vulnerability information. | 1. A method for determining duplication of a vulnerability of an analysis target server, by an analysis apparatus, the method comprising:
a vulnerability extraction step of extracting vulnerability uniform resource locator (URL) addresses including the vulnerability from the analysis target server; a hash generation step of generating the URL hash value corresponding to the extracted vulnerability from the vulnerability URL address; and a duplication determination step of determining, when the URL hash value is present in the first comparison table, that the vulnerability is duplicated, and excluding the corresponding vulnerability from vulnerability information. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
an updating step of including when the URL hash value is not present in the first comparison table, the vulnerability in the vulnerability information, and adding the URL hash value to the first comparison table to update the URL hash value. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the hash generation step includes
generating a URL character string by removing a parameter name and a parameter value of the vulnerability parameter determined as the vulnerability in the vulnerability URL address, removing parameter values of remaining parameters included in the URL character string and rearranging the parameter names of the parameters according to an ordering order to generate the rearranged character string, and generating the URL hash value by applying a hash function to the rearranged character string. 4. A method for determining duplication of a vulnerability of an analysis target server, by an analysis apparatus, the method comprising:
a vulnerability extraction step of extracting vulnerability uniform resource locator (URL) addresses including the vulnerability from the analysis target server; a hash generation step of generating a tag hash value corresponding to a response page connected to the vulnerability URL address; and a duplication determination step of determining, when the tag hash value is present in a second comparison table, that the vulnerability is duplicated and excluding the corresponding vulnerability from vulnerability information. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
an updating step of including, when the tag hash value is not present in the second comparison table, the vulnerability in the vulnerability information, and adding the tag hash value to the second comparison table to update the tag hash value. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the hash generation step includes
extracting tag names of tags included in a hypertext markup language (HTML) of the response page, removing tag names corresponding to tags for contents among the tag names, connecting the tag names according to an order disclosed in the HTML code to generate a tag character string, and generating the tag hash value by applying a hash function to the tag character string. 7. A method for managing vulnerability information of an analysis target server, by an analysis apparatus, the method comprising:
extracting a vulnerability URL address including a vulnerability from the analysis target server; generating a URL hash value corresponding to the vulnerability from the vulnerability URL address; searching the URL hash value in a first comparison table; generating, when the URL hash value is present in the first comparison table, a tag hash value corresponding to a response page connected to the vulnerability URL address; searching the tag hash value in a second comparison table; and determining, when the tag hash value is present in the second comparison table, that the vulnerability is duplicated and excluding the corresponding vulnerability from vulnerability information. 8. A computer readable recording medium storing a program which, when executed by a processor, performs the method for determining duplication of a vulnerability as defined in claim 1. 9. An analysis apparatus for determining duplication of a vulnerability of an analysis target server, comprising:
a vulnerability extraction unit extracting a vulnerability URL address including a vulnerability from the analysis target server; a hash generation unit generating a URL hash value corresponding to the vulnerability from the vulnerability URL address or generating a tag hash value corresponding to a response page connected to the vulnerability URL address; and a duplication determination unit determining whether the vulnerability is duplicated by using the URL hash value or tag hash value. | A method for determining duplication of a vulnerability may include a vulnerability extraction step of extracting vulnerability uniform resource locator (URL) addresses including the vulnerability from an analysis target server; a hash generation step of generating the URL hash value corresponding to the extracted vulnerability from the vulnerability URL address; and a duplication determination step of determining, when the URL hash value is present in the first comparison table, that the vulnerability is duplicated and excluding the corresponding vulnerability from vulnerability information.1. A method for determining duplication of a vulnerability of an analysis target server, by an analysis apparatus, the method comprising:
a vulnerability extraction step of extracting vulnerability uniform resource locator (URL) addresses including the vulnerability from the analysis target server; a hash generation step of generating the URL hash value corresponding to the extracted vulnerability from the vulnerability URL address; and a duplication determination step of determining, when the URL hash value is present in the first comparison table, that the vulnerability is duplicated, and excluding the corresponding vulnerability from vulnerability information. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
an updating step of including when the URL hash value is not present in the first comparison table, the vulnerability in the vulnerability information, and adding the URL hash value to the first comparison table to update the URL hash value. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the hash generation step includes
generating a URL character string by removing a parameter name and a parameter value of the vulnerability parameter determined as the vulnerability in the vulnerability URL address, removing parameter values of remaining parameters included in the URL character string and rearranging the parameter names of the parameters according to an ordering order to generate the rearranged character string, and generating the URL hash value by applying a hash function to the rearranged character string. 4. A method for determining duplication of a vulnerability of an analysis target server, by an analysis apparatus, the method comprising:
a vulnerability extraction step of extracting vulnerability uniform resource locator (URL) addresses including the vulnerability from the analysis target server; a hash generation step of generating a tag hash value corresponding to a response page connected to the vulnerability URL address; and a duplication determination step of determining, when the tag hash value is present in a second comparison table, that the vulnerability is duplicated and excluding the corresponding vulnerability from vulnerability information. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
an updating step of including, when the tag hash value is not present in the second comparison table, the vulnerability in the vulnerability information, and adding the tag hash value to the second comparison table to update the tag hash value. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the hash generation step includes
extracting tag names of tags included in a hypertext markup language (HTML) of the response page, removing tag names corresponding to tags for contents among the tag names, connecting the tag names according to an order disclosed in the HTML code to generate a tag character string, and generating the tag hash value by applying a hash function to the tag character string. 7. A method for managing vulnerability information of an analysis target server, by an analysis apparatus, the method comprising:
extracting a vulnerability URL address including a vulnerability from the analysis target server; generating a URL hash value corresponding to the vulnerability from the vulnerability URL address; searching the URL hash value in a first comparison table; generating, when the URL hash value is present in the first comparison table, a tag hash value corresponding to a response page connected to the vulnerability URL address; searching the tag hash value in a second comparison table; and determining, when the tag hash value is present in the second comparison table, that the vulnerability is duplicated and excluding the corresponding vulnerability from vulnerability information. 8. A computer readable recording medium storing a program which, when executed by a processor, performs the method for determining duplication of a vulnerability as defined in claim 1. 9. An analysis apparatus for determining duplication of a vulnerability of an analysis target server, comprising:
a vulnerability extraction unit extracting a vulnerability URL address including a vulnerability from the analysis target server; a hash generation unit generating a URL hash value corresponding to the vulnerability from the vulnerability URL address or generating a tag hash value corresponding to a response page connected to the vulnerability URL address; and a duplication determination unit determining whether the vulnerability is duplicated by using the URL hash value or tag hash value. | 3,700 |
341,124 | 16,801,445 | 3,784 | A strut assembly for a vehicle may include an insulator part connected to a vehicle body, a piston rod coupled to the insulator part, a damper cylinder coupled with the piston rod and having an operating fluid accommodated therein, a strike cap coupled to the upper portion of the damper cylinder, and a sliding part formed on the side surface of the strike cap. In the strut assembly, a dust cover is coupled to the sliding part. In addition, the sliding part includes one or more side surface holes formed on the side surface of the strike cap, a sliding protrusion coupled with the dust cover and mounted in each of the side surface holes, and a guide part formed in each of the side surface holes for restraining the sliding protrusion. | 1. A strut assembly for a vehicle, the strut assembly comprising:
an insulator part connected to a vehicle body; a piston rod coupled to the insulator part; a damper cylinder coupled with the piston rod, and having an operating fluid accommodated therein; a strike cap coupled to an upper portion of the damper cylinder; and a sliding part formed on a side surface of the strike cap, wherein a dust cover is coupled to the sliding part. 2. The strut assembly of claim 1,
wherein the sliding part comprises one or more side surface holes formed on the side surface of the strike cap, a sliding protrusion coupled with the dust cover and mounted in each of the side surface holes, and a guide part formed in each of the side surface holes so as to restrain the sliding protrusion, and wherein the guide part is formed by digging longitudinally along the side surface of the strike cap at side edges of the side surface hole. 3. The strut assembly of claim 2,
wherein the sliding protrusion comprises a body inserted into the side surface hole, a fixing projection formed to protrude from an upper surface of the body and fastened to the dust cover, and an insertion part formed to protrude from a side surface of the body and inserted into the guide part. 4. The strut assembly of claim 3,
wherein the body is configured so that a longitudinal width of the body in a direction in which the piston rod reciprocates is smaller than a longitudinal width of the side surface hole, and a lateral width of the body in a direction perpendicular to a direction in which the piston rod reciprocates is equal to a lateral width of the side surface hole. 5. A strut assembly for a vehicle, the strut assembly comprising a sliding part coupled with a dust cover mounted between a damper cylinder and a piston rod,
wherein the sliding part comprises one or more side surface holes formed on a surface of the damper cylinder; a sliding protrusion coupled with the dust cover and mounted on each of the side surface holes so as to move according to the movement of the dust cover; and a guide part formed on each of the side surface holes so as to restrain the sliding protrusion, and wherein the guide part is formed by digging longitudinally along the side surface of the damper cylinder at side edges of the side surface hole. 6. The strut assembly of claim 5,
wherein when the piston rod moves outwards from the damper cylinder, the sliding protrusion moves in an upward direction, which is the same moving direction of the piston rod, and when the piston rod moves into the damper cylinder, the sliding protrusion moves in a downward direction, which is the same moving direction of the piston rod. 7. The strut assembly of claim 5,
wherein a stopper configured to restrain a length of the piston rod moved into the damper cylinder is provided on an end portion of the piston rod, wherein the damper cylinder includes a strike cap contacting the stopper, and wherein the one or more side surface holes are formed in the strike cap. | A strut assembly for a vehicle may include an insulator part connected to a vehicle body, a piston rod coupled to the insulator part, a damper cylinder coupled with the piston rod and having an operating fluid accommodated therein, a strike cap coupled to the upper portion of the damper cylinder, and a sliding part formed on the side surface of the strike cap. In the strut assembly, a dust cover is coupled to the sliding part. In addition, the sliding part includes one or more side surface holes formed on the side surface of the strike cap, a sliding protrusion coupled with the dust cover and mounted in each of the side surface holes, and a guide part formed in each of the side surface holes for restraining the sliding protrusion.1. A strut assembly for a vehicle, the strut assembly comprising:
an insulator part connected to a vehicle body; a piston rod coupled to the insulator part; a damper cylinder coupled with the piston rod, and having an operating fluid accommodated therein; a strike cap coupled to an upper portion of the damper cylinder; and a sliding part formed on a side surface of the strike cap, wherein a dust cover is coupled to the sliding part. 2. The strut assembly of claim 1,
wherein the sliding part comprises one or more side surface holes formed on the side surface of the strike cap, a sliding protrusion coupled with the dust cover and mounted in each of the side surface holes, and a guide part formed in each of the side surface holes so as to restrain the sliding protrusion, and wherein the guide part is formed by digging longitudinally along the side surface of the strike cap at side edges of the side surface hole. 3. The strut assembly of claim 2,
wherein the sliding protrusion comprises a body inserted into the side surface hole, a fixing projection formed to protrude from an upper surface of the body and fastened to the dust cover, and an insertion part formed to protrude from a side surface of the body and inserted into the guide part. 4. The strut assembly of claim 3,
wherein the body is configured so that a longitudinal width of the body in a direction in which the piston rod reciprocates is smaller than a longitudinal width of the side surface hole, and a lateral width of the body in a direction perpendicular to a direction in which the piston rod reciprocates is equal to a lateral width of the side surface hole. 5. A strut assembly for a vehicle, the strut assembly comprising a sliding part coupled with a dust cover mounted between a damper cylinder and a piston rod,
wherein the sliding part comprises one or more side surface holes formed on a surface of the damper cylinder; a sliding protrusion coupled with the dust cover and mounted on each of the side surface holes so as to move according to the movement of the dust cover; and a guide part formed on each of the side surface holes so as to restrain the sliding protrusion, and wherein the guide part is formed by digging longitudinally along the side surface of the damper cylinder at side edges of the side surface hole. 6. The strut assembly of claim 5,
wherein when the piston rod moves outwards from the damper cylinder, the sliding protrusion moves in an upward direction, which is the same moving direction of the piston rod, and when the piston rod moves into the damper cylinder, the sliding protrusion moves in a downward direction, which is the same moving direction of the piston rod. 7. The strut assembly of claim 5,
wherein a stopper configured to restrain a length of the piston rod moved into the damper cylinder is provided on an end portion of the piston rod, wherein the damper cylinder includes a strike cap contacting the stopper, and wherein the one or more side surface holes are formed in the strike cap. | 3,700 |
341,125 | 16,801,444 | 3,784 | An electrolytic capacitor includes a capacitor element, an anode lead terminal, a cathode lead terminal, and a resin outer package. The capacitor element includes an anode part and a cathode part. The anode lead terminal is electrically connected to the anode part. The cathode lead terminal is electrically connected to the cathode part, and has a first main surface and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface. The resin outer package covers the capacitor element. The cathode lead terminal includes a joint part to be joined with the cathode part. The joint part has a recess on the first main surface. In at least one cross-section cutting the recess an being perpendicular to the first main surface, a relation D1<Dmax is satisfied, where D1 represents an opening width of a first opening at the first main surface of the recess, and Dmax represents a maximum width of the recess inside the recess. | 1. An electrolytic capacitor comprising:
a capacitor element including an anode part and a cathode part; an anode lead terminal electrically connected to the anode part; a cathode lead terminal electrically connected to the cathode part, the cathode lead terminal having a first main surface and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface; and a resin outer package covering the capacitor element, the resin outer package exposing at least a part of the anode lead terminal and at least a part of the cathode lead terminal, wherein: the cathode lead terminal includes a joint part to be joined with the cathode part, the joint part has a recess on the first main surface, and in at least one cross-section cutting the recess and being perpendicular to the first main surface, a relation D1<Dmax is satisfied, where D1 represents an opening width of a first opening at the first main surface of the recess, and Dmax represents a maximum width of the recess inside the recess. 2. The electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein:
the recess has a first side surface region and a second side surface region facing the first side surface region, and the first side surface region and the second side surface region are configured so that a width of the recess inside the recess in the at least one cross-section increases from the first main surface toward the second main surface. 3. The electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein a width of the recess inside the recess in the at least one cross-section increases from the first main surface toward the second main surface. 4. The electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the first main surface of the joint part faces the cathode part. 5. The electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the second main surface of the joint part faces the cathode part. 6. The electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the first opening viewed from a direction perpendicular to the first main surface has a dot shape. 7. The electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein:
the first opening viewed from a direction perpendicular to the first main surface has a slit shape, and the at least one cross-section intersects with a longitudinal direction of the slit shape. | An electrolytic capacitor includes a capacitor element, an anode lead terminal, a cathode lead terminal, and a resin outer package. The capacitor element includes an anode part and a cathode part. The anode lead terminal is electrically connected to the anode part. The cathode lead terminal is electrically connected to the cathode part, and has a first main surface and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface. The resin outer package covers the capacitor element. The cathode lead terminal includes a joint part to be joined with the cathode part. The joint part has a recess on the first main surface. In at least one cross-section cutting the recess an being perpendicular to the first main surface, a relation D1<Dmax is satisfied, where D1 represents an opening width of a first opening at the first main surface of the recess, and Dmax represents a maximum width of the recess inside the recess.1. An electrolytic capacitor comprising:
a capacitor element including an anode part and a cathode part; an anode lead terminal electrically connected to the anode part; a cathode lead terminal electrically connected to the cathode part, the cathode lead terminal having a first main surface and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface; and a resin outer package covering the capacitor element, the resin outer package exposing at least a part of the anode lead terminal and at least a part of the cathode lead terminal, wherein: the cathode lead terminal includes a joint part to be joined with the cathode part, the joint part has a recess on the first main surface, and in at least one cross-section cutting the recess and being perpendicular to the first main surface, a relation D1<Dmax is satisfied, where D1 represents an opening width of a first opening at the first main surface of the recess, and Dmax represents a maximum width of the recess inside the recess. 2. The electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein:
the recess has a first side surface region and a second side surface region facing the first side surface region, and the first side surface region and the second side surface region are configured so that a width of the recess inside the recess in the at least one cross-section increases from the first main surface toward the second main surface. 3. The electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein a width of the recess inside the recess in the at least one cross-section increases from the first main surface toward the second main surface. 4. The electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the first main surface of the joint part faces the cathode part. 5. The electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the second main surface of the joint part faces the cathode part. 6. The electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the first opening viewed from a direction perpendicular to the first main surface has a dot shape. 7. The electrolytic capacitor according to claim 1, wherein:
the first opening viewed from a direction perpendicular to the first main surface has a slit shape, and the at least one cross-section intersects with a longitudinal direction of the slit shape. | 3,700 |
341,126 | 16,801,457 | 3,784 | Devices, methods, and storage media provide for identifying, by an ad insertion device, at least one prospect for inserting a selected ad via a set of hidden channels during a target programming timeslot based on ad schedules for a plurality of networks; determining based on hidden channel usage data for a programming timeslot corresponding to the target programming timeslot, that a likelihood of availability of at least one hidden channel of the set of hidden channels during the target programming timeslot exceeds a first threshold level; and sending an instruction to an interface device to insert the selected ad via the at least one hidden channel during the target programming timeslot. | 1. A method comprising:
identifying, by an ad insertion device, at least one prospect for inserting a selected ad via a set of hidden channels during a target programming timeslot based on ad schedules for a plurality of networks; determining, by the ad insertion device and based on hidden channel usage data for a programming timeslot corresponding to the target programming timeslot, that a likelihood of availability of at least one hidden channel of the set of hidden channels during the target programming timeslot exceeds a first threshold level; and sending, by the ad insertion device, an instruction to an interface device to insert the selected ad via the at least one hidden channel during the target programming timeslot. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of networks comprises a set of first-tier networks and a set of lower-tier networks, the method further comprising:
determining, based on ad insertion collision data for the programming timeslot, that a likelihood of a collision occurring on the set of hidden channels during the target programming timeslot is below a second threshold level, wherein sending the instruction is based on the determination that a likelihood of availability of the at least one hidden channel exceeds the first threshold level and based on the determination that the likelihood of the collision is below the second threshold level. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the ad schedules identify:
a plurality of designated market area (DMA) ads for insertion via the set of first-tier networks and the set of lower-tier networks; and a plurality of sub-DMA ads for the first-tier networks, wherein the sub-DMA ads are to be delivered via the set of hidden channels to a sub-DMA associated with the DMA. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the selected ad comprises an impression-based ad associated with the sub-DMA. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the selected ad comprises a demographic-based ad associated with a division of the sub-DMA, the method further comprising:
identifying a plurality of users within the division of the sub-DMA based on demographic criteria defined for the demographic-based ad. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the selected ad is to be inserted in the target programming timeslot of one of the set of lower-tier networks. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
monitoring the programming timeslot to identify ad insertion collisions that occur on the set of hidden channels; and generating the ad insertion collision data based on the monitoring. 8. A device comprising:
a communication interface; one or more memories that store instructions; and one or more processors to execute the instructions to:
identify, based on ad schedules for a plurality of networks, at least one prospect for inserting a selected ad via a set of hidden channels during a target programming timeslot;
determine, based on hidden channel usage data for a programming timeslot corresponding to the target programming timeslot, that a likelihood of availability of at least one hidden channel of the set of hidden channels during the target programming timeslot exceeds a first threshold level; and
send, via the communication interface, an instruction to an interface device to insert the selected ad via the at least one hidden channel during the target programming timeslot. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the plurality of networks comprises a set of first-tier networks and a set of lower-tier networks, and the one or more processors further execute the instructions to:
determine, based on ad insertion collision data for the programming timeslot, that a likelihood of a collision occurring on the set of hidden channels during the target programming timeslot is below a second threshold level, wherein sending the instruction is based on the determination that a likelihood of availability of the at least one hidden channel exceeds the first threshold level and based on the determination that the likelihood of the collision is below the second threshold level. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the ad schedules identify:
a plurality of designated market area (DMA) ads for insertion via the set of first-tier networks and the set of lower-tier networks; and a plurality of sub-DMA ads for the first-tier networks, wherein the sub-DMA ads are to be delivered via the set of hidden channels to a sub-DMA associated with the DMA. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the selected ad comprises an impression-based ad associated with the sub-DMA. 12. The device of claim 10, wherein the selected ad comprises a demographic-based ad associated with a division of the sub-DMA, and the one or more processors further execute the instructions to:
identify a plurality of users within the division of the sub-DMA based on demographic criteria defined for the demographic-based ad. 13. The device of claim 9, wherein the selected ad is to be inserted in the target programming timeslot of one of the set of lower-tier networks. 14. The device of claim 8, wherein the device comprises an ad insertion device implemented in a service provider network. 15. A non-transitory storage medium storing instructions executable by a device to:
identify, based on ad schedules for a plurality of networks, at least one prospect for inserting a selected ad via a set of hidden channels during a target programming timeslot; determine, based on hidden channel usage data for a programming timeslot corresponding to the target programming timeslot, that a likelihood of availability of at least one hidden channel of the set of hidden channels during the target programming timeslot exceeds a first threshold level; and send an instruction to an interface device to insert the selected ad via the at least one hidden channel during the target programming timeslot. 16. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, wherein the plurality of networks comprises a set of first-tier networks and a set of lower-tier networks, wherein the instructions further cause the device to:
determine, based on ad insertion collision data for the programming timeslot, that a likelihood of a collision occurring on the set of hidden channels during the upcoming programming timeslot is below a second threshold level, wherein sending the instruction is based on the determination that a likelihood of availability of the at least one hidden channel exceeds the first threshold level and based on the determination that the likelihood of the collision is below the second threshold level. 17. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 16, wherein the ad schedules identify:
a plurality of designated market area (DMA) ads for insertion via the set of first-tier networks and the set of lower-tier networks; and a plurality of sub-DMA ads for the first-tier networks, wherein the sub-DMA ads are to be delivered via the set of hidden channels to a sub DMA associated with the DMA. 18. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 17, wherein the selected ad comprises an impression-based ad associated with the sub-DMA. 19. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 17, wherein the selected ad comprises a demographic-based ad associated with a division of the sub-DMA, further storing instructions executable by the device to:
identify a plurality of users within the division of the sub-DMA based on demographic criteria defined for the demographic-based ad. 20. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 16, wherein the selected ad is to be inserted in the target programming timeslot of one of the set of lower-tier networks. | Devices, methods, and storage media provide for identifying, by an ad insertion device, at least one prospect for inserting a selected ad via a set of hidden channels during a target programming timeslot based on ad schedules for a plurality of networks; determining based on hidden channel usage data for a programming timeslot corresponding to the target programming timeslot, that a likelihood of availability of at least one hidden channel of the set of hidden channels during the target programming timeslot exceeds a first threshold level; and sending an instruction to an interface device to insert the selected ad via the at least one hidden channel during the target programming timeslot.1. A method comprising:
identifying, by an ad insertion device, at least one prospect for inserting a selected ad via a set of hidden channels during a target programming timeslot based on ad schedules for a plurality of networks; determining, by the ad insertion device and based on hidden channel usage data for a programming timeslot corresponding to the target programming timeslot, that a likelihood of availability of at least one hidden channel of the set of hidden channels during the target programming timeslot exceeds a first threshold level; and sending, by the ad insertion device, an instruction to an interface device to insert the selected ad via the at least one hidden channel during the target programming timeslot. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of networks comprises a set of first-tier networks and a set of lower-tier networks, the method further comprising:
determining, based on ad insertion collision data for the programming timeslot, that a likelihood of a collision occurring on the set of hidden channels during the target programming timeslot is below a second threshold level, wherein sending the instruction is based on the determination that a likelihood of availability of the at least one hidden channel exceeds the first threshold level and based on the determination that the likelihood of the collision is below the second threshold level. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the ad schedules identify:
a plurality of designated market area (DMA) ads for insertion via the set of first-tier networks and the set of lower-tier networks; and a plurality of sub-DMA ads for the first-tier networks, wherein the sub-DMA ads are to be delivered via the set of hidden channels to a sub-DMA associated with the DMA. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the selected ad comprises an impression-based ad associated with the sub-DMA. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the selected ad comprises a demographic-based ad associated with a division of the sub-DMA, the method further comprising:
identifying a plurality of users within the division of the sub-DMA based on demographic criteria defined for the demographic-based ad. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the selected ad is to be inserted in the target programming timeslot of one of the set of lower-tier networks. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
monitoring the programming timeslot to identify ad insertion collisions that occur on the set of hidden channels; and generating the ad insertion collision data based on the monitoring. 8. A device comprising:
a communication interface; one or more memories that store instructions; and one or more processors to execute the instructions to:
identify, based on ad schedules for a plurality of networks, at least one prospect for inserting a selected ad via a set of hidden channels during a target programming timeslot;
determine, based on hidden channel usage data for a programming timeslot corresponding to the target programming timeslot, that a likelihood of availability of at least one hidden channel of the set of hidden channels during the target programming timeslot exceeds a first threshold level; and
send, via the communication interface, an instruction to an interface device to insert the selected ad via the at least one hidden channel during the target programming timeslot. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the plurality of networks comprises a set of first-tier networks and a set of lower-tier networks, and the one or more processors further execute the instructions to:
determine, based on ad insertion collision data for the programming timeslot, that a likelihood of a collision occurring on the set of hidden channels during the target programming timeslot is below a second threshold level, wherein sending the instruction is based on the determination that a likelihood of availability of the at least one hidden channel exceeds the first threshold level and based on the determination that the likelihood of the collision is below the second threshold level. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the ad schedules identify:
a plurality of designated market area (DMA) ads for insertion via the set of first-tier networks and the set of lower-tier networks; and a plurality of sub-DMA ads for the first-tier networks, wherein the sub-DMA ads are to be delivered via the set of hidden channels to a sub-DMA associated with the DMA. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the selected ad comprises an impression-based ad associated with the sub-DMA. 12. The device of claim 10, wherein the selected ad comprises a demographic-based ad associated with a division of the sub-DMA, and the one or more processors further execute the instructions to:
identify a plurality of users within the division of the sub-DMA based on demographic criteria defined for the demographic-based ad. 13. The device of claim 9, wherein the selected ad is to be inserted in the target programming timeslot of one of the set of lower-tier networks. 14. The device of claim 8, wherein the device comprises an ad insertion device implemented in a service provider network. 15. A non-transitory storage medium storing instructions executable by a device to:
identify, based on ad schedules for a plurality of networks, at least one prospect for inserting a selected ad via a set of hidden channels during a target programming timeslot; determine, based on hidden channel usage data for a programming timeslot corresponding to the target programming timeslot, that a likelihood of availability of at least one hidden channel of the set of hidden channels during the target programming timeslot exceeds a first threshold level; and send an instruction to an interface device to insert the selected ad via the at least one hidden channel during the target programming timeslot. 16. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 15, wherein the plurality of networks comprises a set of first-tier networks and a set of lower-tier networks, wherein the instructions further cause the device to:
determine, based on ad insertion collision data for the programming timeslot, that a likelihood of a collision occurring on the set of hidden channels during the upcoming programming timeslot is below a second threshold level, wherein sending the instruction is based on the determination that a likelihood of availability of the at least one hidden channel exceeds the first threshold level and based on the determination that the likelihood of the collision is below the second threshold level. 17. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 16, wherein the ad schedules identify:
a plurality of designated market area (DMA) ads for insertion via the set of first-tier networks and the set of lower-tier networks; and a plurality of sub-DMA ads for the first-tier networks, wherein the sub-DMA ads are to be delivered via the set of hidden channels to a sub DMA associated with the DMA. 18. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 17, wherein the selected ad comprises an impression-based ad associated with the sub-DMA. 19. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 17, wherein the selected ad comprises a demographic-based ad associated with a division of the sub-DMA, further storing instructions executable by the device to:
identify a plurality of users within the division of the sub-DMA based on demographic criteria defined for the demographic-based ad. 20. The non-transitory storage medium of claim 16, wherein the selected ad is to be inserted in the target programming timeslot of one of the set of lower-tier networks. | 3,700 |
341,127 | 16,801,448 | 3,784 | A manifold attached to the UAV and a cartridge removably and replaceably attached to the manifold. Inside the cartridge is a removable insert for drawing contents out of the cartridge with a suction tube selectively positioned in fluid communication with a pump for removing chemicals from the cartridge for application by the UAV. The suction tube comprises a plurality of baffles around its circumference for dampening movement of the chemicals in the cartridge while the UAV is in motion. | 1. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) comprising:
a manifold attached to the UAV; a cartridge removably and replaceably attached to the manifold; an insert inside the cartridge for drawing contents out of the cartridge, wherein the insert further comprise a suction tube and a plurality of baffles around a circumference of the suction tube; and a pump combined to the suction tube of the insert for drawing contents out of the cartridge in response to commands. 2. The UAV of claim 1, and further comprising: an attachment mechanism on an underside of the manifold and a corresponding attachment mechanism to the insert wherein the attachment mechanism of the manifold selectively attaches to the attachment mechanism of the insert for securing the cartridge to the manifold. 3. The UAV of claim 2, wherein the attachment mechanism on the underside of the manifold is a threaded connector and wherein the attachment mechanism to the insert is a threaded connector. 4. The UAV of claim 3, wherein the manifold further comprises: a first tube extending from the pump to the underside of the manifold concentric with the male threaded connector to selectively attach to the suction tube of the insert. 5. The UAV of claim 4, and further comprising an opening from the top of the manifold into a volume of space between the attachment mechanism of the manifold and the attachment mechanism of the insert, and a one-way valve in the insert to allow air into the cartridge. 6. The UAV of claim 1, wherein the insert further comprises four baffles extending along a portion of a length of the suction tube of the insert and concentrically spaced around the suction tube to reduce movement of liquid in the cartridge. 7. The UAV of claim 1, wherein the cartridge further comprises of a cone bottom and the suction tube of the insert extends substantially near the cone bottom. 8. The UAV of claim 1, wherein the cartridge further comprises of a base surrounding the insert allows the cartridge to stand upright. 9. The UAV of claim 1, wherein the insert further comprises: a cap with a first pair of threads for engaging threads on the cartridge and attaching the insert to the cartridge; and a second pair of threads for engaging threads on the manifold and attaching the insert and the cartridge to the manifold. 10. The UAV of claim 1, and further comprising an RFID tag combined to the cartridge and an RFID reader combined to the manifold for uniquely identifying the cartridge. 11. The UAV of claim 10, and further comprising a control system communicatively coupled the RFID reader for receiving from the RFID reader a unique identification from the RFID tag on the cartridge and associating the unique identification for the RFID tag with instructions for determining the operation of the pump or the UAV. 12. A system for tendering chemicals to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for application in an area of interest, the system comprising:
a cartridge for storing chemicals to be applied by the UAV in an area of interest; and a removable insert combinable to the cartridge comprising: a suction tube selectively positioned in fluid communication with a pump for removing chemicals from the cartridge for application by the UAV, a plurality of baffles around a circumference of the suction tube for dampening movement of the chemicals while the UAV is in motion. 13. The system of claim 12, and further comprising an RFID tag adapted for communication with an RFID reader combined to the UAV for uniquely identifying the cartridge. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the unique identification for the RFID tag is associated with instructions for determining the operation of the pump or the UAV. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the cartridge comprises a depressed bottom for directing chemicals in the cartridge to the bottom for emptying the cartridge by the pump via the suction tube. 16. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) comprising:
a manifold attached to the UAV; a cartridge removably and replaceably attached to the manifold; a removable insert inside the cartridge for drawing contents out of the cartridge, wherein the insert further comprise a suction tube selectively positioned in fluid communication with a pump for removing chemicals from the cartridge for application by the UAV, a plurality of baffles around a circumference of the suction tube for dampening movement of the chemicals while the UAV is in motion; and the pump combined to the suction tube of the insert for drawing contents out of the cartridge in response to commands. 17. The UAV of claim 16, and further comprising an RFID tag attached to the cartridge adapted for communication with an RFID reader combined to the UAV for uniquely identifying the cartridge, and wherein the unique identification for the RFID tag is associated with instructions for determining the operation of the pump or the UAV. 18. The UAV of claim 16, wherein the cartridge comprises a depressed bottom for directing chemicals in the cartridge to the bottom for emptying the cartridge by the pump via the suction tube. 19. The UAV of claim 16, wherein the insert further comprises: a cap with a first pair of threads for engaging threads on the cartridge and attaching the insert to the cartridge; and a second pair of threads for engaging threads on the manifold and attaching the insert and the cartridge to the manifold. | A manifold attached to the UAV and a cartridge removably and replaceably attached to the manifold. Inside the cartridge is a removable insert for drawing contents out of the cartridge with a suction tube selectively positioned in fluid communication with a pump for removing chemicals from the cartridge for application by the UAV. The suction tube comprises a plurality of baffles around its circumference for dampening movement of the chemicals in the cartridge while the UAV is in motion.1. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) comprising:
a manifold attached to the UAV; a cartridge removably and replaceably attached to the manifold; an insert inside the cartridge for drawing contents out of the cartridge, wherein the insert further comprise a suction tube and a plurality of baffles around a circumference of the suction tube; and a pump combined to the suction tube of the insert for drawing contents out of the cartridge in response to commands. 2. The UAV of claim 1, and further comprising: an attachment mechanism on an underside of the manifold and a corresponding attachment mechanism to the insert wherein the attachment mechanism of the manifold selectively attaches to the attachment mechanism of the insert for securing the cartridge to the manifold. 3. The UAV of claim 2, wherein the attachment mechanism on the underside of the manifold is a threaded connector and wherein the attachment mechanism to the insert is a threaded connector. 4. The UAV of claim 3, wherein the manifold further comprises: a first tube extending from the pump to the underside of the manifold concentric with the male threaded connector to selectively attach to the suction tube of the insert. 5. The UAV of claim 4, and further comprising an opening from the top of the manifold into a volume of space between the attachment mechanism of the manifold and the attachment mechanism of the insert, and a one-way valve in the insert to allow air into the cartridge. 6. The UAV of claim 1, wherein the insert further comprises four baffles extending along a portion of a length of the suction tube of the insert and concentrically spaced around the suction tube to reduce movement of liquid in the cartridge. 7. The UAV of claim 1, wherein the cartridge further comprises of a cone bottom and the suction tube of the insert extends substantially near the cone bottom. 8. The UAV of claim 1, wherein the cartridge further comprises of a base surrounding the insert allows the cartridge to stand upright. 9. The UAV of claim 1, wherein the insert further comprises: a cap with a first pair of threads for engaging threads on the cartridge and attaching the insert to the cartridge; and a second pair of threads for engaging threads on the manifold and attaching the insert and the cartridge to the manifold. 10. The UAV of claim 1, and further comprising an RFID tag combined to the cartridge and an RFID reader combined to the manifold for uniquely identifying the cartridge. 11. The UAV of claim 10, and further comprising a control system communicatively coupled the RFID reader for receiving from the RFID reader a unique identification from the RFID tag on the cartridge and associating the unique identification for the RFID tag with instructions for determining the operation of the pump or the UAV. 12. A system for tendering chemicals to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for application in an area of interest, the system comprising:
a cartridge for storing chemicals to be applied by the UAV in an area of interest; and a removable insert combinable to the cartridge comprising: a suction tube selectively positioned in fluid communication with a pump for removing chemicals from the cartridge for application by the UAV, a plurality of baffles around a circumference of the suction tube for dampening movement of the chemicals while the UAV is in motion. 13. The system of claim 12, and further comprising an RFID tag adapted for communication with an RFID reader combined to the UAV for uniquely identifying the cartridge. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the unique identification for the RFID tag is associated with instructions for determining the operation of the pump or the UAV. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the cartridge comprises a depressed bottom for directing chemicals in the cartridge to the bottom for emptying the cartridge by the pump via the suction tube. 16. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) comprising:
a manifold attached to the UAV; a cartridge removably and replaceably attached to the manifold; a removable insert inside the cartridge for drawing contents out of the cartridge, wherein the insert further comprise a suction tube selectively positioned in fluid communication with a pump for removing chemicals from the cartridge for application by the UAV, a plurality of baffles around a circumference of the suction tube for dampening movement of the chemicals while the UAV is in motion; and the pump combined to the suction tube of the insert for drawing contents out of the cartridge in response to commands. 17. The UAV of claim 16, and further comprising an RFID tag attached to the cartridge adapted for communication with an RFID reader combined to the UAV for uniquely identifying the cartridge, and wherein the unique identification for the RFID tag is associated with instructions for determining the operation of the pump or the UAV. 18. The UAV of claim 16, wherein the cartridge comprises a depressed bottom for directing chemicals in the cartridge to the bottom for emptying the cartridge by the pump via the suction tube. 19. The UAV of claim 16, wherein the insert further comprises: a cap with a first pair of threads for engaging threads on the cartridge and attaching the insert to the cartridge; and a second pair of threads for engaging threads on the manifold and attaching the insert and the cartridge to the manifold. | 3,700 |
341,128 | 16,801,456 | 2,899 | A three-dimensional memory device includes an alternating stack of insulating layers and word lines that are made of molybdenum layers located over a substrate, and memory stack structures extending through each layer in the alternating stack. Each of the memory stack structures includes a memory film and a vertical semiconductor channel contacting an inner sidewall of the memory film. Each memory film includes a vertical stack of discrete tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers in contact with a respective one of the molybdenum layers, a continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer contacting an inner sidewall of each of the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers, a vertical stack of charge storage material portions, and a tunneling dielectric layer contacting each of the charge storage material portions and the vertical semiconductor channel. | 1. A three-dimensional memory device comprising:
an alternating stack of insulating layers and word lines consisting essentially of molybdenum layers located over a substrate; and memory stack structures extending through each layer in the alternating stack, wherein: each of the memory stack structures comprises a memory film and a vertical semiconductor channel contacting an inner sidewall of the memory film; and each memory film comprises a vertical stack of discrete tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers in contact with a respective one of the molybdenum layers, a continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer contacting an inner sidewall of each of the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers, a vertical stack of charge storage material portions, and a tunneling dielectric layer contacting each of the charge storage material portions and the vertical semiconductor channel. 2. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 1, wherein the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer continuously extends through each layer in the alternating stack and directly contacts each insulating layer in the alternating stack. 3. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 2, wherein the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer has a laterally undulating vertical cross-sectional profile in which first tubular segments located at levels of the molybdenum layers are laterally offset outward with respect to second tubular segments located at levels of the insulating layers. 4. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 3, wherein the first tubular segments are connected to second tubular segments by planar annular segments of the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer that contact a respective horizontal surface of the insulating layers. 5. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 4, wherein:
the planar annular segments of the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer contact the respective horizontal surface of the insulating layers at annular horizontal surfaces; each of the annular horizontal surfaces comprises an inner periphery and an outer periphery that is laterally spaced from the inner periphery by a uniform spacing; and each of the annular horizontal surfaces is coplanar with a respective horizontal interface between a respective one of the insulating layers and a respective one of the molybdenum layers. 6. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 1, wherein each tubular dielectric metal oxide spacer within the vertical stack of tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers contacts a cylindrical sidewall of, and has a same height as, a respective one of the molybdenum layers. 7. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 6, wherein each charge storage material portion within the vertical stack of charge storage material portions comprises a discrete portion located at levels of the words lines and which is laterally spaced from a respective one of the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers by the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer, and has a height that is less than a height of the respective one of the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers by twice a thickness of the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer. 8. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 7, wherein:
an outer sidewall of the tunneling dielectric layer contacts inner sidewalls of tubular segments of the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer at each level of the insulating layers; and the outer sidewall of the tunneling dielectric layer extends straight without any lateral step from a topmost layer of the alternating stack to a bottommost layer of the alternating stack. 9. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 1, wherein the vertical stack of charge storage material portions comprises a single continuous cylindrical charge storage material layer that vertically extends through each of the molybdenum layers within the alternating stack, and is laterally spaced from the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers by the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer. 10. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 1, further comprising a horizontal source line which contacts a sidewall of a bottom portion of the vertical semiconductor channel. 11. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 1, wherein the discrete tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers comprise aluminum oxide spacers. 12. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 1, wherein each word line lacks a metal nitride barrier layer or metal other than molybdenum. 13. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 1, wherein each of the molybdenum layers laterally surrounds the respective one of the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers and directly contacts an entirety of an outer cylindrical sidewall of the respective one of the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers. 14. A method of forming a three-dimensional memory device, comprising:
forming an alternating stack of insulating layers and molybdenum layers located over a substrate; forming a memory opening through the alternating stack; forming annular recesses at each level of the molybdenum layers around the memory opening by laterally recessing the molybdenum layers selective to the insulating layers; forming a vertical stack of tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers on sidewalls of the molybdenum layers in the annular recesses; forming a continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer on the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers; forming a vertical stack of charge storage material portions over the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric; forming a tunneling dielectric layer over the charge storage material portions; and forming a vertical semiconductor channel on the tunneling dielectric layer. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
selectively growing tubular metal portions on cylindrical surfaces of the molybdenum layers in the annular recesses while suppressing growth of metal from surfaces of the insulating layers; and converting the tubular metal portions into the vertical stack of tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers by oxidation. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers comprise discrete aluminum oxide spacers; and word lines consist essentially of the molybdenum layers and lack a metal nitride barrier layer or metal other than molybdenum. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer is formed on the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers in unfilled volumes present in the annular recesses. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
conformally depositing a charge storage material layer on the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer in the unfilled volumes present in the annular recesses; and anisotropically etching portions of the charge storage material layer located outside the annular recesses, wherein remaining discrete portions of the charge storage material layer located in the annular recesses after the anisotropic etch process comprise the vertical stack of charge storage material portions, wherein the tunneling dielectric layer is deposited directly on each of the charge storage material portions and directly on segments of the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer located at levels of the insulating layers. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the vertical stack of tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers completely fills the annular recesses; and forming the vertical stack of charge storage material portions comprises forming a single continuous cylindrical charge storage material layer that vertically extends through each of the molybdenum layers within the alternating stack, and is laterally spaced from the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers by the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising selectively removing the insulating layers to leave air gaps between the molybdenum layers. | A three-dimensional memory device includes an alternating stack of insulating layers and word lines that are made of molybdenum layers located over a substrate, and memory stack structures extending through each layer in the alternating stack. Each of the memory stack structures includes a memory film and a vertical semiconductor channel contacting an inner sidewall of the memory film. Each memory film includes a vertical stack of discrete tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers in contact with a respective one of the molybdenum layers, a continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer contacting an inner sidewall of each of the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers, a vertical stack of charge storage material portions, and a tunneling dielectric layer contacting each of the charge storage material portions and the vertical semiconductor channel.1. A three-dimensional memory device comprising:
an alternating stack of insulating layers and word lines consisting essentially of molybdenum layers located over a substrate; and memory stack structures extending through each layer in the alternating stack, wherein: each of the memory stack structures comprises a memory film and a vertical semiconductor channel contacting an inner sidewall of the memory film; and each memory film comprises a vertical stack of discrete tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers in contact with a respective one of the molybdenum layers, a continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer contacting an inner sidewall of each of the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers, a vertical stack of charge storage material portions, and a tunneling dielectric layer contacting each of the charge storage material portions and the vertical semiconductor channel. 2. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 1, wherein the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer continuously extends through each layer in the alternating stack and directly contacts each insulating layer in the alternating stack. 3. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 2, wherein the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer has a laterally undulating vertical cross-sectional profile in which first tubular segments located at levels of the molybdenum layers are laterally offset outward with respect to second tubular segments located at levels of the insulating layers. 4. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 3, wherein the first tubular segments are connected to second tubular segments by planar annular segments of the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer that contact a respective horizontal surface of the insulating layers. 5. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 4, wherein:
the planar annular segments of the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer contact the respective horizontal surface of the insulating layers at annular horizontal surfaces; each of the annular horizontal surfaces comprises an inner periphery and an outer periphery that is laterally spaced from the inner periphery by a uniform spacing; and each of the annular horizontal surfaces is coplanar with a respective horizontal interface between a respective one of the insulating layers and a respective one of the molybdenum layers. 6. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 1, wherein each tubular dielectric metal oxide spacer within the vertical stack of tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers contacts a cylindrical sidewall of, and has a same height as, a respective one of the molybdenum layers. 7. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 6, wherein each charge storage material portion within the vertical stack of charge storage material portions comprises a discrete portion located at levels of the words lines and which is laterally spaced from a respective one of the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers by the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer, and has a height that is less than a height of the respective one of the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers by twice a thickness of the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer. 8. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 7, wherein:
an outer sidewall of the tunneling dielectric layer contacts inner sidewalls of tubular segments of the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer at each level of the insulating layers; and the outer sidewall of the tunneling dielectric layer extends straight without any lateral step from a topmost layer of the alternating stack to a bottommost layer of the alternating stack. 9. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 1, wherein the vertical stack of charge storage material portions comprises a single continuous cylindrical charge storage material layer that vertically extends through each of the molybdenum layers within the alternating stack, and is laterally spaced from the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers by the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer. 10. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 1, further comprising a horizontal source line which contacts a sidewall of a bottom portion of the vertical semiconductor channel. 11. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 1, wherein the discrete tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers comprise aluminum oxide spacers. 12. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 1, wherein each word line lacks a metal nitride barrier layer or metal other than molybdenum. 13. The three-dimensional memory device of claim 1, wherein each of the molybdenum layers laterally surrounds the respective one of the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers and directly contacts an entirety of an outer cylindrical sidewall of the respective one of the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers. 14. A method of forming a three-dimensional memory device, comprising:
forming an alternating stack of insulating layers and molybdenum layers located over a substrate; forming a memory opening through the alternating stack; forming annular recesses at each level of the molybdenum layers around the memory opening by laterally recessing the molybdenum layers selective to the insulating layers; forming a vertical stack of tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers on sidewalls of the molybdenum layers in the annular recesses; forming a continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer on the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers; forming a vertical stack of charge storage material portions over the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric; forming a tunneling dielectric layer over the charge storage material portions; and forming a vertical semiconductor channel on the tunneling dielectric layer. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
selectively growing tubular metal portions on cylindrical surfaces of the molybdenum layers in the annular recesses while suppressing growth of metal from surfaces of the insulating layers; and converting the tubular metal portions into the vertical stack of tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers by oxidation. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers comprise discrete aluminum oxide spacers; and word lines consist essentially of the molybdenum layers and lack a metal nitride barrier layer or metal other than molybdenum. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer is formed on the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers in unfilled volumes present in the annular recesses. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
conformally depositing a charge storage material layer on the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer in the unfilled volumes present in the annular recesses; and anisotropically etching portions of the charge storage material layer located outside the annular recesses, wherein remaining discrete portions of the charge storage material layer located in the annular recesses after the anisotropic etch process comprise the vertical stack of charge storage material portions, wherein the tunneling dielectric layer is deposited directly on each of the charge storage material portions and directly on segments of the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer located at levels of the insulating layers. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the vertical stack of tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers completely fills the annular recesses; and forming the vertical stack of charge storage material portions comprises forming a single continuous cylindrical charge storage material layer that vertically extends through each of the molybdenum layers within the alternating stack, and is laterally spaced from the tubular dielectric metal oxide spacers by the continuous silicon oxide blocking dielectric layer. 20. The method of claim 14, further comprising selectively removing the insulating layers to leave air gaps between the molybdenum layers. | 2,800 |
341,129 | 16,801,461 | 2,899 | A gravity and buoyancy engine producing energy via a cyclical process of harnessed gravity and buoyancy has a gravity chamber, at least one air lock chamber, at least one electricity producing system, at least one buoyant object, and at least one vertical motion transfer assembly. The gravity chamber provides a zone for the buoyant object to engage the vertical motion transfer assembly as the buoyant object descends toward the air lock chamber. The vertical motion transfer assembly further transfers kinetic energy from the vertical motion of the buoyant object to the electricity generating system in order to provide useable electrical energy. The airlock chamber subsequently reintroduces the buoyant object into the buoyancy chamber to return said buoyant object to an elevated position and recycle through the gravity chamber. | 1. A gravity and buoyancy engine comprising:
a gravity chamber; at least one air lock chamber; a buoyancy chamber; at least one electricity producing system; at least one buoyant object; at least one vertical motion transfer assembly; the air lock chamber being in communication in between the gravity chamber and the buoyancy chamber; the vertical motion transfer assembly positioned within the gravity chamber; at least one electricity producing system linked to the vertical motion transfer assembly; and the buoyant object being mounted to the vertical motion transfer assembly. 2. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the vertical motion transfer assembly further comprising at least one link chain, at least one first shaft, a first gear, at least one second shaft, a second gear, and a buoyant object chain ledge;
the first shaft being rotatably connected with the electricity producing system;
the first gear being connected with the first shaft;
the second gear being connected with the second shaft;
the link chain being rotatably connected in between the first gear and the second gear; and
the buoyant object chain ledge being connected with the link chain. 3. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 2 comprising:
a transmission;
the at least one electricity producing system being a generator;
the generator further comprising a generator input shaft; and
the transmission being operatively connected between the first shaft and the generator input shaft, wherein the transmission governs the rotation of the generator input shaft relative to the rotation of the first shaft. 4. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 2 comprising:
the at least one electricity producing system comprising an alternator and an alternator input pulley;
the vertical motion transfer assembly further comprising at least one alternator belt; and
the alternator belt being rotatably connected between the alternator input pulley and a desired shaft selected from the group consisting of the first shaft and the second shaft. 5. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 2 comprising:
the vertical motion transfer assembly further comprising at least one accessory belt drive;
a pressure control system;
a pump input shaft;
the accessory belt drive comprising at least one first sheave, at least one second sheave, and at least one accessory belt;
the first sheave being mounted to the first shaft, opposite the first gear across the first shaft;
the second sheave being mounted to the second shaft opposite the second gear across the second shaft;
at least one accessory belt being rotatably connected between the first sheave and the second sheave; and
the pump input shaft being rotatably connected between the accessory belt and the pressure control system. 6. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the at least one vertical motion transfer assembly being a plurality of vertical motion transfer assemblies;
the plurality of vertical motion transfer assemblies being distributed across the gravity chamber; and
the buoyant object being suspended in between the buoyant object chain ledge of an arbitrary transfer assembly and the buoyant object ledge of an adjacent transfer assembly, wherein the arbitrary transfer assembly and the adjacent transfer assembly are from the plurality of vertical motion transfer assemblies. 7. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 6 comprising:
a plurality of tensioner pulley assemblies; and
each of the plurality of tensioner pulley assemblies being rotatably connected in between a, wherein the corresponding arbitrary transfer assembly and the corresponding adjacent transfer assembly are from the plurality of vertical motion transfer assemblies. 8. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the air lock chamber comprising a transfer channel; at least one pressurized chamber, a pressure control system, at least one valve, and a plurality of airlock doors;
the transfer channel being connected in between the vertical motion transfer assembly and the buoyancy chamber;
the pressurized chamber being positioned within the transfer channel;
the pressurized chamber being delineated by a first door and a second door, wherein the first door and the second door are from the plurality of airlock doors; and
the pressure control system being in fluid communication with the pressurized chamber through the valve. 9. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 8 comprising:
each of the plurality of airlock doors comprising a panel and an inflatable seal;
each of the plurality of airlock doors being hingedly connected to a lateral sidewall of the transfer channel;
the inflatable seal being perimetrically mounted around the panel; and
the inflatable seal being in fluid communication with the pressure control system. 10. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 8 comprising:
the pressure control system comprising at least one hydraulic pump, at least one pneumatic pump, at least one pressurized tank, a plurality of airlock regulators, and a plurality of buoyancy regulators;
the hydraulic pump being operatively coupled to the vertical motion transfer assembly, wherein the vertical motion transfer assembly provides the operating power for the hydraulic pump;
the hydraulic pump being in fluid communication with the buoyancy chamber;
the pneumatic pump being operatively coupled to the vertical motion transfer assembly, wherein the vertical motion transfer assembly provides the operating power for the pneumatic pump;
the pressurized tank being in fluid communication with the pneumatic pump;
the pressurized tank being in fluid communication with the airlock chamber through the plurality of airlock regulators; and
the pressurized tank being in fluid communication with the buoyancy chamber through the plurality of buoyancy regulators. 11. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 8 comprising:
The airlock chamber further comprising at least one bollard-receiving receptacle, at least one chamber bollard, and at least one chamber hatch;
the bollard-receiving receptacle normally traversing into a lateral sidewall of the transfer channel;
the bollard-receiving receptacle being positioned offset from the first door along the transfer channel;
the chamber bollard being slidably mounted within the bollard-receiving receptacle;
the chamber hatch being hingedly mounted to the lateral sidewall of the transfer channel; and
the chamber hatch being positioned over the bollard-receiving receptacle. 12. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 8 comprising:
the airlock chamber further comprising a plurality of transfer guides;
the plurality of transfer guides being mounted onto a lateral sidewall of the transfer channel;
the plurality of transfer guides being distributed along the transfer channel;
the plurality of transfer guides protruding into the pressurized chamber; and
the plurality of transfer guides being positioned offset from the plurality of airlock doors along the transfer channel. 13. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 9 comprising:
a first plurality of bollards;
a second plurality of bollards;
the at least one pressurized chamber being a plurality of pressurized chambers;
the plurality of pressurized chambers being serially distributed along the transfer channel;
the plurality of first bollards and the plurality of second bollards being slidably mounted onto the lateral sidewall of the transfer channel;
each of the first plurality of bollards being positioned offset from the first door of a corresponding chamber, wherein the corresponding chamber is from the plurality of pressurized chambers;
each of the second plurality of bollards being positioned opposite to the second door, across the first door of the corresponding chamber;
each of the second plurality of bollards being positioned offset from the second door of the corresponding chamber; and
each of the second plurality of bollards being positioned in between the first door and the second door of the corresponding chamber. 14. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the buoyancy chamber further comprising a buoyancy channel, a staging door, a drainage platform, a reservoir, an inlet, and an outlet;
the staging door being hingedly mounted between the buoyancy channel and the gravity chamber,
the drainage platform being positioned within the buoyancy channel, opposite the gravity chamber across the staging door;
the reservoir being in fluid communication with the drainage platform;
the inlet being integrated into the reservoir;
the outlet being integrated into the buoyancy channel;
the outlet being positioned offset from the drainage platform, across the buoyancy channel; and
the reservoir being in fluid communication with the buoyancy channel through the inlet and the outlet. 15. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 14 comprising:
the buoyancy chamber further comprising a plurality of staging guides;
the plurality of staging guides being mounted onto a lateral sidewall of the buoyancy channel; and
the plurality of staging guides being distributed along the buoyancy channel.
the plurality of staging guides protruding into the buoyancy channel; and
the plurality of staging guides being positioned offset from the staging door along the buoyancy channel. 16. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the buoyant object being configured to enter the gravity chamber and vertical motion transfer assembly via gravity after passing through the buoyancy chamber;
in response to the buoyant object engaging the vertical motion transfer assembly, the buoyant object traversing through the gravity chamber toward the airlock chamber;
in response to the buoyant object moving toward the airlock chamber, the vertical motion transfer assembly providing operating power to the electricity producing system;
the buoyant object being configured to enter the air lock chamber via gravity after passing through the gravity chamber and disengaging the vertical motion transfer assembly;
in response to the buoyant object entering the air lock chamber, the buoyant object rolling along the air lock chamber via gravity so as to open an airlock door;
in response to the buoyant object passing through the airlock door, the airlock door being biased to a closed position;
the buoyant object being configured to enter the buoyancy chamber via gravity after passing through the air lock chamber; and
in response to the buoyant object entering the buoyancy chamber, the buoyant object ascending along the buoyancy chamber via buoyancy. | A gravity and buoyancy engine producing energy via a cyclical process of harnessed gravity and buoyancy has a gravity chamber, at least one air lock chamber, at least one electricity producing system, at least one buoyant object, and at least one vertical motion transfer assembly. The gravity chamber provides a zone for the buoyant object to engage the vertical motion transfer assembly as the buoyant object descends toward the air lock chamber. The vertical motion transfer assembly further transfers kinetic energy from the vertical motion of the buoyant object to the electricity generating system in order to provide useable electrical energy. The airlock chamber subsequently reintroduces the buoyant object into the buoyancy chamber to return said buoyant object to an elevated position and recycle through the gravity chamber.1. A gravity and buoyancy engine comprising:
a gravity chamber; at least one air lock chamber; a buoyancy chamber; at least one electricity producing system; at least one buoyant object; at least one vertical motion transfer assembly; the air lock chamber being in communication in between the gravity chamber and the buoyancy chamber; the vertical motion transfer assembly positioned within the gravity chamber; at least one electricity producing system linked to the vertical motion transfer assembly; and the buoyant object being mounted to the vertical motion transfer assembly. 2. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the vertical motion transfer assembly further comprising at least one link chain, at least one first shaft, a first gear, at least one second shaft, a second gear, and a buoyant object chain ledge;
the first shaft being rotatably connected with the electricity producing system;
the first gear being connected with the first shaft;
the second gear being connected with the second shaft;
the link chain being rotatably connected in between the first gear and the second gear; and
the buoyant object chain ledge being connected with the link chain. 3. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 2 comprising:
a transmission;
the at least one electricity producing system being a generator;
the generator further comprising a generator input shaft; and
the transmission being operatively connected between the first shaft and the generator input shaft, wherein the transmission governs the rotation of the generator input shaft relative to the rotation of the first shaft. 4. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 2 comprising:
the at least one electricity producing system comprising an alternator and an alternator input pulley;
the vertical motion transfer assembly further comprising at least one alternator belt; and
the alternator belt being rotatably connected between the alternator input pulley and a desired shaft selected from the group consisting of the first shaft and the second shaft. 5. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 2 comprising:
the vertical motion transfer assembly further comprising at least one accessory belt drive;
a pressure control system;
a pump input shaft;
the accessory belt drive comprising at least one first sheave, at least one second sheave, and at least one accessory belt;
the first sheave being mounted to the first shaft, opposite the first gear across the first shaft;
the second sheave being mounted to the second shaft opposite the second gear across the second shaft;
at least one accessory belt being rotatably connected between the first sheave and the second sheave; and
the pump input shaft being rotatably connected between the accessory belt and the pressure control system. 6. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the at least one vertical motion transfer assembly being a plurality of vertical motion transfer assemblies;
the plurality of vertical motion transfer assemblies being distributed across the gravity chamber; and
the buoyant object being suspended in between the buoyant object chain ledge of an arbitrary transfer assembly and the buoyant object ledge of an adjacent transfer assembly, wherein the arbitrary transfer assembly and the adjacent transfer assembly are from the plurality of vertical motion transfer assemblies. 7. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 6 comprising:
a plurality of tensioner pulley assemblies; and
each of the plurality of tensioner pulley assemblies being rotatably connected in between a, wherein the corresponding arbitrary transfer assembly and the corresponding adjacent transfer assembly are from the plurality of vertical motion transfer assemblies. 8. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the air lock chamber comprising a transfer channel; at least one pressurized chamber, a pressure control system, at least one valve, and a plurality of airlock doors;
the transfer channel being connected in between the vertical motion transfer assembly and the buoyancy chamber;
the pressurized chamber being positioned within the transfer channel;
the pressurized chamber being delineated by a first door and a second door, wherein the first door and the second door are from the plurality of airlock doors; and
the pressure control system being in fluid communication with the pressurized chamber through the valve. 9. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 8 comprising:
each of the plurality of airlock doors comprising a panel and an inflatable seal;
each of the plurality of airlock doors being hingedly connected to a lateral sidewall of the transfer channel;
the inflatable seal being perimetrically mounted around the panel; and
the inflatable seal being in fluid communication with the pressure control system. 10. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 8 comprising:
the pressure control system comprising at least one hydraulic pump, at least one pneumatic pump, at least one pressurized tank, a plurality of airlock regulators, and a plurality of buoyancy regulators;
the hydraulic pump being operatively coupled to the vertical motion transfer assembly, wherein the vertical motion transfer assembly provides the operating power for the hydraulic pump;
the hydraulic pump being in fluid communication with the buoyancy chamber;
the pneumatic pump being operatively coupled to the vertical motion transfer assembly, wherein the vertical motion transfer assembly provides the operating power for the pneumatic pump;
the pressurized tank being in fluid communication with the pneumatic pump;
the pressurized tank being in fluid communication with the airlock chamber through the plurality of airlock regulators; and
the pressurized tank being in fluid communication with the buoyancy chamber through the plurality of buoyancy regulators. 11. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 8 comprising:
The airlock chamber further comprising at least one bollard-receiving receptacle, at least one chamber bollard, and at least one chamber hatch;
the bollard-receiving receptacle normally traversing into a lateral sidewall of the transfer channel;
the bollard-receiving receptacle being positioned offset from the first door along the transfer channel;
the chamber bollard being slidably mounted within the bollard-receiving receptacle;
the chamber hatch being hingedly mounted to the lateral sidewall of the transfer channel; and
the chamber hatch being positioned over the bollard-receiving receptacle. 12. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 8 comprising:
the airlock chamber further comprising a plurality of transfer guides;
the plurality of transfer guides being mounted onto a lateral sidewall of the transfer channel;
the plurality of transfer guides being distributed along the transfer channel;
the plurality of transfer guides protruding into the pressurized chamber; and
the plurality of transfer guides being positioned offset from the plurality of airlock doors along the transfer channel. 13. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 9 comprising:
a first plurality of bollards;
a second plurality of bollards;
the at least one pressurized chamber being a plurality of pressurized chambers;
the plurality of pressurized chambers being serially distributed along the transfer channel;
the plurality of first bollards and the plurality of second bollards being slidably mounted onto the lateral sidewall of the transfer channel;
each of the first plurality of bollards being positioned offset from the first door of a corresponding chamber, wherein the corresponding chamber is from the plurality of pressurized chambers;
each of the second plurality of bollards being positioned opposite to the second door, across the first door of the corresponding chamber;
each of the second plurality of bollards being positioned offset from the second door of the corresponding chamber; and
each of the second plurality of bollards being positioned in between the first door and the second door of the corresponding chamber. 14. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the buoyancy chamber further comprising a buoyancy channel, a staging door, a drainage platform, a reservoir, an inlet, and an outlet;
the staging door being hingedly mounted between the buoyancy channel and the gravity chamber,
the drainage platform being positioned within the buoyancy channel, opposite the gravity chamber across the staging door;
the reservoir being in fluid communication with the drainage platform;
the inlet being integrated into the reservoir;
the outlet being integrated into the buoyancy channel;
the outlet being positioned offset from the drainage platform, across the buoyancy channel; and
the reservoir being in fluid communication with the buoyancy channel through the inlet and the outlet. 15. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 14 comprising:
the buoyancy chamber further comprising a plurality of staging guides;
the plurality of staging guides being mounted onto a lateral sidewall of the buoyancy channel; and
the plurality of staging guides being distributed along the buoyancy channel.
the plurality of staging guides protruding into the buoyancy channel; and
the plurality of staging guides being positioned offset from the staging door along the buoyancy channel. 16. A gravity and buoyancy engine as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the buoyant object being configured to enter the gravity chamber and vertical motion transfer assembly via gravity after passing through the buoyancy chamber;
in response to the buoyant object engaging the vertical motion transfer assembly, the buoyant object traversing through the gravity chamber toward the airlock chamber;
in response to the buoyant object moving toward the airlock chamber, the vertical motion transfer assembly providing operating power to the electricity producing system;
the buoyant object being configured to enter the air lock chamber via gravity after passing through the gravity chamber and disengaging the vertical motion transfer assembly;
in response to the buoyant object entering the air lock chamber, the buoyant object rolling along the air lock chamber via gravity so as to open an airlock door;
in response to the buoyant object passing through the airlock door, the airlock door being biased to a closed position;
the buoyant object being configured to enter the buoyancy chamber via gravity after passing through the air lock chamber; and
in response to the buoyant object entering the buoyancy chamber, the buoyant object ascending along the buoyancy chamber via buoyancy. | 2,800 |
341,130 | 16,801,432 | 2,899 | A low-jitter digital clock signal generating system which uses optical pulses output from a pulse laser includes a first balanced photodetector that converts first and second optical pulses with a delayed time interval into first and second electrical pulses through first and second photodiodes and outputs first and second modulated pulses generated by allowing the first and second electrical pulses to partially overlap each other, a second balanced photodetector that converts third and fourth optical pulses with the delayed time interval into third and fourth electrical pulses through third and fourth photodiodes, and outputs a second modulated pulse generated by allowing the third and fourth electrical pulses to partially overlap each other, and a capacitor. The capacitor is charged by the first modulated pulse, is discharged by the second modulated pulse, and outputs a voltage according to the charging and discharging as a clock signal. | 1. A low-jitter digital clock signal generating system which uses optical pulses output from a pulse laser, comprising:
a first balanced photodetector configured to receive a first optical pulse and a second optical pulse with a delayed time interval, to convert the first optical pulse and the second optical pulse into a first electrical pulse and a second electrical pulse through a first photodiode and a second photodiode, and to output a first modulated pulse generated by allowing the first electrical pulse and the second electrical pulse to partially overlap each other; a second balanced photodetector configured to receive a third optical pulse and a fourth optical pulse with the delayed time interval, to convert the third optical pulse and the fourth optical pulse into a third electrical pulse and a fourth electrical pulse through a third photodiode and a fourth photodiode, and to output a second modulated pulse generated by allowing the third electrical pulse and the fourth electrical pulse to partially overlap each other; and a capacitor, wherein the capacitor is charged by the first modulated pulse, is discharged by the second modulated pulse, and outputs a voltage according to the charging and discharging as a clock signal. 2. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first optical delay line configured to delay at least one of the first optical pulse and the second optical pulse as much as a specified time; and a second optical delay line configured to delay at least one of the third optical pulse and the fourth optical pulse as much as the specified time. 3. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first optical attenuator configured to attenuate at least one of the first optical pulse and the second optical pulse such that the first optical pulse and the second optical pulse have a specified power ratio; and a second optical attenuator configured to attenuate at least one of the third optical pulse and the fourth optical pulse such that the third optical pulse and the fourth optical pulse have the specified power ratio. 4. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 3, wherein the specified power ratio is adjusted based on a waveform of the clock signal generated by the first modulated pulse and the second modulated pulse. 5. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 1, wherein each of the first balanced photodetector and the second balanced photodetector is implemented with a p-i-n photodiode. 6. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 1, wherein each of the first balanced photodetector and the second balanced photodetector is implemented with a uni-travelling carrier (UTC)/modified uni-travelling carrier (MUTC) photodiode. 7. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 1, wherein the first modulated pulse is generated to have a shape including rising edge characteristics of the first electrical pulse and the second electrical pulse by adjusting powers of the first optical pulse and the second optical pulse and a delay difference of the first optical pulse and the second optical pulse, and
wherein the second modulated signal is generated to correspond to the first modulated pulse. 8. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 7, wherein the first optical pulse is converted into the first electrical pulse by the first photodiode connected to a high voltage, the second optical pulse delayed with respect to the first optical pulse is converted into the second electrical pulse by the second photodiode connected to a low voltage, and the shape of the first modulated pulse varies depending on a power ratio of the first optical pulse and the second optical pulse and the delay difference of the first optical pulse and the second optical pulse. 9. A low-jitter digital clock signal generating system which uses optical pulses output from a pulse laser, comprising:
a first balanced photodetector configured to convert optical pulses having adjusted powers and delay difference into current pulses through photoelectric conversion and to output a first modulated pulse generated by allowing the current pulses to overlap each other; a second balanced photodetector having the same structure as the first balanced photodetector, and configured to output a second modulated pulse, which has the same magnitude as the first modulated pulse and is in an opposite direction to the first modulated pulse, with the first modulated pulse and the second modulated signal having a given time interval; and a capacitor, wherein the capacitor is charged by the first modulated pulse, is discharged by the second modulated pulse, and outputs a voltage according to the charging and discharging as a clock signal. 10. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 9, further comprising:
an optical attenuator configured to adjust the powers of the optical pulses output from the pulse laser; and an optical delay line configured to adjust the delay difference such that the current pulses generated based on the optical pulses output from the pulse laser overlap each other, wherein the optical pulses, of which the powers and the delay difference are adjusted through the optical attenuator and the optical delay line, are input to the first balanced photodetector and the second balanced photodetector. 11. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 10, wherein the optical attenuator and the optical delay line vary the powers and the delay difference of the optical pulses respectively input to the first balanced photodetector and the second balanced photodetector to vary a waveform of the clock signal. 12. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 9, wherein, by adjusting the powers and the delay difference of the optical pulses generating electrical pulses, each of the first modulated pulse and the second modulated pulse is generated to have a shape including rising edge characteristics of the electrical pulses overlapping each other. 13. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 9, wherein each of the first balanced photodetector and the second balanced photodetector is implemented with a p-i-n photodiode. 14. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 9, wherein each of the first balanced photodetector and the second balanced photodetector is implemented with a uni-travelling carrier (UTC)/modified uni-travelling carrier (MUTC) photodiode. | A low-jitter digital clock signal generating system which uses optical pulses output from a pulse laser includes a first balanced photodetector that converts first and second optical pulses with a delayed time interval into first and second electrical pulses through first and second photodiodes and outputs first and second modulated pulses generated by allowing the first and second electrical pulses to partially overlap each other, a second balanced photodetector that converts third and fourth optical pulses with the delayed time interval into third and fourth electrical pulses through third and fourth photodiodes, and outputs a second modulated pulse generated by allowing the third and fourth electrical pulses to partially overlap each other, and a capacitor. The capacitor is charged by the first modulated pulse, is discharged by the second modulated pulse, and outputs a voltage according to the charging and discharging as a clock signal.1. A low-jitter digital clock signal generating system which uses optical pulses output from a pulse laser, comprising:
a first balanced photodetector configured to receive a first optical pulse and a second optical pulse with a delayed time interval, to convert the first optical pulse and the second optical pulse into a first electrical pulse and a second electrical pulse through a first photodiode and a second photodiode, and to output a first modulated pulse generated by allowing the first electrical pulse and the second electrical pulse to partially overlap each other; a second balanced photodetector configured to receive a third optical pulse and a fourth optical pulse with the delayed time interval, to convert the third optical pulse and the fourth optical pulse into a third electrical pulse and a fourth electrical pulse through a third photodiode and a fourth photodiode, and to output a second modulated pulse generated by allowing the third electrical pulse and the fourth electrical pulse to partially overlap each other; and a capacitor, wherein the capacitor is charged by the first modulated pulse, is discharged by the second modulated pulse, and outputs a voltage according to the charging and discharging as a clock signal. 2. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first optical delay line configured to delay at least one of the first optical pulse and the second optical pulse as much as a specified time; and a second optical delay line configured to delay at least one of the third optical pulse and the fourth optical pulse as much as the specified time. 3. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 1, further comprising:
a first optical attenuator configured to attenuate at least one of the first optical pulse and the second optical pulse such that the first optical pulse and the second optical pulse have a specified power ratio; and a second optical attenuator configured to attenuate at least one of the third optical pulse and the fourth optical pulse such that the third optical pulse and the fourth optical pulse have the specified power ratio. 4. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 3, wherein the specified power ratio is adjusted based on a waveform of the clock signal generated by the first modulated pulse and the second modulated pulse. 5. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 1, wherein each of the first balanced photodetector and the second balanced photodetector is implemented with a p-i-n photodiode. 6. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 1, wherein each of the first balanced photodetector and the second balanced photodetector is implemented with a uni-travelling carrier (UTC)/modified uni-travelling carrier (MUTC) photodiode. 7. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 1, wherein the first modulated pulse is generated to have a shape including rising edge characteristics of the first electrical pulse and the second electrical pulse by adjusting powers of the first optical pulse and the second optical pulse and a delay difference of the first optical pulse and the second optical pulse, and
wherein the second modulated signal is generated to correspond to the first modulated pulse. 8. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 7, wherein the first optical pulse is converted into the first electrical pulse by the first photodiode connected to a high voltage, the second optical pulse delayed with respect to the first optical pulse is converted into the second electrical pulse by the second photodiode connected to a low voltage, and the shape of the first modulated pulse varies depending on a power ratio of the first optical pulse and the second optical pulse and the delay difference of the first optical pulse and the second optical pulse. 9. A low-jitter digital clock signal generating system which uses optical pulses output from a pulse laser, comprising:
a first balanced photodetector configured to convert optical pulses having adjusted powers and delay difference into current pulses through photoelectric conversion and to output a first modulated pulse generated by allowing the current pulses to overlap each other; a second balanced photodetector having the same structure as the first balanced photodetector, and configured to output a second modulated pulse, which has the same magnitude as the first modulated pulse and is in an opposite direction to the first modulated pulse, with the first modulated pulse and the second modulated signal having a given time interval; and a capacitor, wherein the capacitor is charged by the first modulated pulse, is discharged by the second modulated pulse, and outputs a voltage according to the charging and discharging as a clock signal. 10. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 9, further comprising:
an optical attenuator configured to adjust the powers of the optical pulses output from the pulse laser; and an optical delay line configured to adjust the delay difference such that the current pulses generated based on the optical pulses output from the pulse laser overlap each other, wherein the optical pulses, of which the powers and the delay difference are adjusted through the optical attenuator and the optical delay line, are input to the first balanced photodetector and the second balanced photodetector. 11. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 10, wherein the optical attenuator and the optical delay line vary the powers and the delay difference of the optical pulses respectively input to the first balanced photodetector and the second balanced photodetector to vary a waveform of the clock signal. 12. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 9, wherein, by adjusting the powers and the delay difference of the optical pulses generating electrical pulses, each of the first modulated pulse and the second modulated pulse is generated to have a shape including rising edge characteristics of the electrical pulses overlapping each other. 13. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 9, wherein each of the first balanced photodetector and the second balanced photodetector is implemented with a p-i-n photodiode. 14. The low-jitter digital clock signal generating system of claim 9, wherein each of the first balanced photodetector and the second balanced photodetector is implemented with a uni-travelling carrier (UTC)/modified uni-travelling carrier (MUTC) photodiode. | 2,800 |
341,131 | 16,801,454 | 2,899 | A breast support has a supporting bracket being made of hard and elastic material, integrally formed as a single part, and having two arc-shaped frame plates. An outer end of each arc-shaped frame plate bends inwardly to form a holding portion. With the breast support, contact area between the breast support and two breasts of a wearer is greatly reduced. Thus, discomfort due to sweltering and sweating can be avoided. Moreover, the breast support is stably mounted on a chest of the wearer and holds lower portions of the two breasts. Therefore, the breast support does not fall from the wearer due to the loss of stickiness. Accordingly, the breast support is able to push the breasts upward and inward and prevents the breasts from expansion and sagging. | 1. A breast support comprising a supporting bracket, the supporting bracket made of hard and elastic material and integrally formed as a single part, the supporting bracket having two arc-shaped frame plates, each arc-shaped frame plate having an inner end and an outer end oppositely defined on the arc-shaped frame plate, the inner end of one arc-shaped frame plate attached to the inner end of the other arc-shaped frame plate, and the outer end of each arc-shaped frame plate bending inwardly to form a holding portion. 2. The breast support as claimed in claim 1, wherein each arc-shaped frame plate has a front edge and a rear edge, and the arc-shaped frame plate extends backwardly and outwardly from the front edge to the rear edge. 3. The breast support as claimed in claim 1, wherein two anti-slip layers are disposed on inner surfaces of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket respectively. 4. The breast support as claimed in claim 2, wherein two anti-slip layers are disposed on inner surfaces of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket respectively. 5. The breast support as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the breast support further comprises a cup cloth having two opposite side edges;
a lower edge extending between the side edges of the cup cloth; and
a mounting channel formed in the cup cloth, and extending along one of the side edge of the cup cloth, the lower edge of the cup cloth and the other side edge of the cup cloth; and
the supporting bracket is mounted in the mounting channel. 6. The breast support as claimed in claim 2, wherein
the breast support further comprises a cup cloth having
two opposite side edges;
a lower edge extending between the side edges of the cup cloth; and
a mounting channel formed in the cup cloth, and extending along one of the side edge of the cup cloth, the lower edge of the cup cloth and the other side edge of the cup cloth; and
the supporting bracket is mounted in the mounting channel. 7. The breast support as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a cup cloth, and the cup cloth detachably attached to the supporting bracket via at least one fastening assembly. 8. The breast support as claimed in claim 2 further comprising a cup cloth, and the cup cloth detachably attached to the supporting bracket via at least one fastening assembly. 9. The breast support as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one fastening assembly includes multiple fastening assemblies separately disposed along the supporting bracket, each of the fastening assemblies is a snap fastener including a stud and a socket, and the stud and the socket are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. 10. The breast support as claimed in claim 8, wherein the at least one fastening assembly includes multiple fastening assemblies separately disposed along the supporting bracket, each of the fastening assemblies is a snap fastener including a stud and a socket, and the stud and the socket are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. 11. The breast support as claimed in claim 7, wherein each of the at least one fastening assembly is a hook-and-loop fastener including a hook strip and a loop strip, and the hook strip and the loop strip are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. 12. The breast support as claimed in claim 8, wherein each of the at least one fastening assembly is a hook-and-loop fastener including a hook strip and a loop strip, and the hook strip and the loop strip are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. 13. The breast support as claimed in claim 1, wherein the breast support further comprises a soft cover layer wrapped up the supporting bracket. 14. The breast support as claimed in claim 2, wherein the breast support further comprises a soft cover layer wrapped up the supporting bracket. 15. The breast support as claimed in claim 13 further comprising a cup cloth, and the cup cloth detachably attached to the supporting bracket via at least one fastening assembly. 16. The breast support as claimed in claim 14 further comprising a cup cloth, and the cup cloth detachably attached to the supporting bracket via at least one fastening assembly. 17. The breast support as claimed in claim 15, wherein two anti-slip layers are detachably attached to the soft cover layer and correspond in position to the inner surfaces of the two arc-shaped frame plates respectively. 18. The breast support as claimed in claim 16, wherein two anti-slip layers are detachably attached to the soft cover layer and correspond in position to the inner surfaces of the two arc-shaped frame plates respectively. 19. The breast support as claimed in claim 15, wherein the at least one fastening assembly includes multiple fastening assemblies separately disposed along the supporting bracket, each of the fastening assemblies is a snap fastener including a stud and a socket, and the stud and the socket are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. 20. The breast support as claimed in claim 15, wherein each of the at least one fastening assembly is a hook-and-loop fastener including a hook strip and a loop strip, and the hook strip and the loop strip are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. | A breast support has a supporting bracket being made of hard and elastic material, integrally formed as a single part, and having two arc-shaped frame plates. An outer end of each arc-shaped frame plate bends inwardly to form a holding portion. With the breast support, contact area between the breast support and two breasts of a wearer is greatly reduced. Thus, discomfort due to sweltering and sweating can be avoided. Moreover, the breast support is stably mounted on a chest of the wearer and holds lower portions of the two breasts. Therefore, the breast support does not fall from the wearer due to the loss of stickiness. Accordingly, the breast support is able to push the breasts upward and inward and prevents the breasts from expansion and sagging.1. A breast support comprising a supporting bracket, the supporting bracket made of hard and elastic material and integrally formed as a single part, the supporting bracket having two arc-shaped frame plates, each arc-shaped frame plate having an inner end and an outer end oppositely defined on the arc-shaped frame plate, the inner end of one arc-shaped frame plate attached to the inner end of the other arc-shaped frame plate, and the outer end of each arc-shaped frame plate bending inwardly to form a holding portion. 2. The breast support as claimed in claim 1, wherein each arc-shaped frame plate has a front edge and a rear edge, and the arc-shaped frame plate extends backwardly and outwardly from the front edge to the rear edge. 3. The breast support as claimed in claim 1, wherein two anti-slip layers are disposed on inner surfaces of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket respectively. 4. The breast support as claimed in claim 2, wherein two anti-slip layers are disposed on inner surfaces of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket respectively. 5. The breast support as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the breast support further comprises a cup cloth having two opposite side edges;
a lower edge extending between the side edges of the cup cloth; and
a mounting channel formed in the cup cloth, and extending along one of the side edge of the cup cloth, the lower edge of the cup cloth and the other side edge of the cup cloth; and
the supporting bracket is mounted in the mounting channel. 6. The breast support as claimed in claim 2, wherein
the breast support further comprises a cup cloth having
two opposite side edges;
a lower edge extending between the side edges of the cup cloth; and
a mounting channel formed in the cup cloth, and extending along one of the side edge of the cup cloth, the lower edge of the cup cloth and the other side edge of the cup cloth; and
the supporting bracket is mounted in the mounting channel. 7. The breast support as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a cup cloth, and the cup cloth detachably attached to the supporting bracket via at least one fastening assembly. 8. The breast support as claimed in claim 2 further comprising a cup cloth, and the cup cloth detachably attached to the supporting bracket via at least one fastening assembly. 9. The breast support as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one fastening assembly includes multiple fastening assemblies separately disposed along the supporting bracket, each of the fastening assemblies is a snap fastener including a stud and a socket, and the stud and the socket are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. 10. The breast support as claimed in claim 8, wherein the at least one fastening assembly includes multiple fastening assemblies separately disposed along the supporting bracket, each of the fastening assemblies is a snap fastener including a stud and a socket, and the stud and the socket are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. 11. The breast support as claimed in claim 7, wherein each of the at least one fastening assembly is a hook-and-loop fastener including a hook strip and a loop strip, and the hook strip and the loop strip are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. 12. The breast support as claimed in claim 8, wherein each of the at least one fastening assembly is a hook-and-loop fastener including a hook strip and a loop strip, and the hook strip and the loop strip are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. 13. The breast support as claimed in claim 1, wherein the breast support further comprises a soft cover layer wrapped up the supporting bracket. 14. The breast support as claimed in claim 2, wherein the breast support further comprises a soft cover layer wrapped up the supporting bracket. 15. The breast support as claimed in claim 13 further comprising a cup cloth, and the cup cloth detachably attached to the supporting bracket via at least one fastening assembly. 16. The breast support as claimed in claim 14 further comprising a cup cloth, and the cup cloth detachably attached to the supporting bracket via at least one fastening assembly. 17. The breast support as claimed in claim 15, wherein two anti-slip layers are detachably attached to the soft cover layer and correspond in position to the inner surfaces of the two arc-shaped frame plates respectively. 18. The breast support as claimed in claim 16, wherein two anti-slip layers are detachably attached to the soft cover layer and correspond in position to the inner surfaces of the two arc-shaped frame plates respectively. 19. The breast support as claimed in claim 15, wherein the at least one fastening assembly includes multiple fastening assemblies separately disposed along the supporting bracket, each of the fastening assemblies is a snap fastener including a stud and a socket, and the stud and the socket are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. 20. The breast support as claimed in claim 15, wherein each of the at least one fastening assembly is a hook-and-loop fastener including a hook strip and a loop strip, and the hook strip and the loop strip are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. | 2,800 |
341,132 | 16,801,421 | 2,899 | A breast support has a supporting bracket being made of hard and elastic material, integrally formed as a single part, and having two arc-shaped frame plates. An outer end of each arc-shaped frame plate bends inwardly to form a holding portion. With the breast support, contact area between the breast support and two breasts of a wearer is greatly reduced. Thus, discomfort due to sweltering and sweating can be avoided. Moreover, the breast support is stably mounted on a chest of the wearer and holds lower portions of the two breasts. Therefore, the breast support does not fall from the wearer due to the loss of stickiness. Accordingly, the breast support is able to push the breasts upward and inward and prevents the breasts from expansion and sagging. | 1. A breast support comprising a supporting bracket, the supporting bracket made of hard and elastic material and integrally formed as a single part, the supporting bracket having two arc-shaped frame plates, each arc-shaped frame plate having an inner end and an outer end oppositely defined on the arc-shaped frame plate, the inner end of one arc-shaped frame plate attached to the inner end of the other arc-shaped frame plate, and the outer end of each arc-shaped frame plate bending inwardly to form a holding portion. 2. The breast support as claimed in claim 1, wherein each arc-shaped frame plate has a front edge and a rear edge, and the arc-shaped frame plate extends backwardly and outwardly from the front edge to the rear edge. 3. The breast support as claimed in claim 1, wherein two anti-slip layers are disposed on inner surfaces of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket respectively. 4. The breast support as claimed in claim 2, wherein two anti-slip layers are disposed on inner surfaces of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket respectively. 5. The breast support as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the breast support further comprises a cup cloth having two opposite side edges;
a lower edge extending between the side edges of the cup cloth; and
a mounting channel formed in the cup cloth, and extending along one of the side edge of the cup cloth, the lower edge of the cup cloth and the other side edge of the cup cloth; and
the supporting bracket is mounted in the mounting channel. 6. The breast support as claimed in claim 2, wherein
the breast support further comprises a cup cloth having
two opposite side edges;
a lower edge extending between the side edges of the cup cloth; and
a mounting channel formed in the cup cloth, and extending along one of the side edge of the cup cloth, the lower edge of the cup cloth and the other side edge of the cup cloth; and
the supporting bracket is mounted in the mounting channel. 7. The breast support as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a cup cloth, and the cup cloth detachably attached to the supporting bracket via at least one fastening assembly. 8. The breast support as claimed in claim 2 further comprising a cup cloth, and the cup cloth detachably attached to the supporting bracket via at least one fastening assembly. 9. The breast support as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one fastening assembly includes multiple fastening assemblies separately disposed along the supporting bracket, each of the fastening assemblies is a snap fastener including a stud and a socket, and the stud and the socket are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. 10. The breast support as claimed in claim 8, wherein the at least one fastening assembly includes multiple fastening assemblies separately disposed along the supporting bracket, each of the fastening assemblies is a snap fastener including a stud and a socket, and the stud and the socket are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. 11. The breast support as claimed in claim 7, wherein each of the at least one fastening assembly is a hook-and-loop fastener including a hook strip and a loop strip, and the hook strip and the loop strip are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. 12. The breast support as claimed in claim 8, wherein each of the at least one fastening assembly is a hook-and-loop fastener including a hook strip and a loop strip, and the hook strip and the loop strip are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. 13. The breast support as claimed in claim 1, wherein the breast support further comprises a soft cover layer wrapped up the supporting bracket. 14. The breast support as claimed in claim 2, wherein the breast support further comprises a soft cover layer wrapped up the supporting bracket. 15. The breast support as claimed in claim 13 further comprising a cup cloth, and the cup cloth detachably attached to the supporting bracket via at least one fastening assembly. 16. The breast support as claimed in claim 14 further comprising a cup cloth, and the cup cloth detachably attached to the supporting bracket via at least one fastening assembly. 17. The breast support as claimed in claim 15, wherein two anti-slip layers are detachably attached to the soft cover layer and correspond in position to the inner surfaces of the two arc-shaped frame plates respectively. 18. The breast support as claimed in claim 16, wherein two anti-slip layers are detachably attached to the soft cover layer and correspond in position to the inner surfaces of the two arc-shaped frame plates respectively. 19. The breast support as claimed in claim 15, wherein the at least one fastening assembly includes multiple fastening assemblies separately disposed along the supporting bracket, each of the fastening assemblies is a snap fastener including a stud and a socket, and the stud and the socket are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. 20. The breast support as claimed in claim 15, wherein each of the at least one fastening assembly is a hook-and-loop fastener including a hook strip and a loop strip, and the hook strip and the loop strip are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. | A breast support has a supporting bracket being made of hard and elastic material, integrally formed as a single part, and having two arc-shaped frame plates. An outer end of each arc-shaped frame plate bends inwardly to form a holding portion. With the breast support, contact area between the breast support and two breasts of a wearer is greatly reduced. Thus, discomfort due to sweltering and sweating can be avoided. Moreover, the breast support is stably mounted on a chest of the wearer and holds lower portions of the two breasts. Therefore, the breast support does not fall from the wearer due to the loss of stickiness. Accordingly, the breast support is able to push the breasts upward and inward and prevents the breasts from expansion and sagging.1. A breast support comprising a supporting bracket, the supporting bracket made of hard and elastic material and integrally formed as a single part, the supporting bracket having two arc-shaped frame plates, each arc-shaped frame plate having an inner end and an outer end oppositely defined on the arc-shaped frame plate, the inner end of one arc-shaped frame plate attached to the inner end of the other arc-shaped frame plate, and the outer end of each arc-shaped frame plate bending inwardly to form a holding portion. 2. The breast support as claimed in claim 1, wherein each arc-shaped frame plate has a front edge and a rear edge, and the arc-shaped frame plate extends backwardly and outwardly from the front edge to the rear edge. 3. The breast support as claimed in claim 1, wherein two anti-slip layers are disposed on inner surfaces of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket respectively. 4. The breast support as claimed in claim 2, wherein two anti-slip layers are disposed on inner surfaces of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket respectively. 5. The breast support as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the breast support further comprises a cup cloth having two opposite side edges;
a lower edge extending between the side edges of the cup cloth; and
a mounting channel formed in the cup cloth, and extending along one of the side edge of the cup cloth, the lower edge of the cup cloth and the other side edge of the cup cloth; and
the supporting bracket is mounted in the mounting channel. 6. The breast support as claimed in claim 2, wherein
the breast support further comprises a cup cloth having
two opposite side edges;
a lower edge extending between the side edges of the cup cloth; and
a mounting channel formed in the cup cloth, and extending along one of the side edge of the cup cloth, the lower edge of the cup cloth and the other side edge of the cup cloth; and
the supporting bracket is mounted in the mounting channel. 7. The breast support as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a cup cloth, and the cup cloth detachably attached to the supporting bracket via at least one fastening assembly. 8. The breast support as claimed in claim 2 further comprising a cup cloth, and the cup cloth detachably attached to the supporting bracket via at least one fastening assembly. 9. The breast support as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one fastening assembly includes multiple fastening assemblies separately disposed along the supporting bracket, each of the fastening assemblies is a snap fastener including a stud and a socket, and the stud and the socket are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. 10. The breast support as claimed in claim 8, wherein the at least one fastening assembly includes multiple fastening assemblies separately disposed along the supporting bracket, each of the fastening assemblies is a snap fastener including a stud and a socket, and the stud and the socket are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. 11. The breast support as claimed in claim 7, wherein each of the at least one fastening assembly is a hook-and-loop fastener including a hook strip and a loop strip, and the hook strip and the loop strip are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. 12. The breast support as claimed in claim 8, wherein each of the at least one fastening assembly is a hook-and-loop fastener including a hook strip and a loop strip, and the hook strip and the loop strip are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. 13. The breast support as claimed in claim 1, wherein the breast support further comprises a soft cover layer wrapped up the supporting bracket. 14. The breast support as claimed in claim 2, wherein the breast support further comprises a soft cover layer wrapped up the supporting bracket. 15. The breast support as claimed in claim 13 further comprising a cup cloth, and the cup cloth detachably attached to the supporting bracket via at least one fastening assembly. 16. The breast support as claimed in claim 14 further comprising a cup cloth, and the cup cloth detachably attached to the supporting bracket via at least one fastening assembly. 17. The breast support as claimed in claim 15, wherein two anti-slip layers are detachably attached to the soft cover layer and correspond in position to the inner surfaces of the two arc-shaped frame plates respectively. 18. The breast support as claimed in claim 16, wherein two anti-slip layers are detachably attached to the soft cover layer and correspond in position to the inner surfaces of the two arc-shaped frame plates respectively. 19. The breast support as claimed in claim 15, wherein the at least one fastening assembly includes multiple fastening assemblies separately disposed along the supporting bracket, each of the fastening assemblies is a snap fastener including a stud and a socket, and the stud and the socket are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. 20. The breast support as claimed in claim 15, wherein each of the at least one fastening assembly is a hook-and-loop fastener including a hook strip and a loop strip, and the hook strip and the loop strip are securely mounted on one of the arc-shaped frame plates of the supporting bracket and the cup cloth respectively and correspond in position with each other. | 2,800 |
341,133 | 16,801,436 | 2,899 | A gear system includes a planetary gear and a frame structure including connection sections for attaching the frame structure to an external mechanical structure such as a nacelle of a wind power plant. The planetary gear includes a planet carrier, a sun wheel, a gear ring, and planet wheels meshing with the sun wheel and with the gear ring. The planet carrier includes a mechanical interface structure for connecting to an external rotating element such as a wind rotor. The frame structure includes a front cover shield that is a single piece of material, attached to the gear ring, and shaped to constitute a bearing cover for covering and supporting a bearing that supports the planet carrier. Thus, there is no need for a separate bearing cover. | 1. A gear system comprising a frame structure comprising connection sections for attaching the frame structure to a mechanical structure external to the gear system, and a first planetary gear comprising:
a sun shaft comprising a sun wheel and being rotatable with respect to the frame structure, a gear ring stationary with respect to the frame structure, a planet carrier comprising a mechanical interface structure for connecting to a rotating element external to the gear system, first and second bearings supporting the planet carrier rotatably with respect to the frame structure, and planet wheels supported rotatably with respect to the planet carrier and meshing with the sun wheel and with the gear ring, wherein the first bearing is axially between the gear ring and the mechanical interface structure of the planet carrier, and the frame structure comprises a front cover shield being a single piece of material, attached to the gear ring, and shaped to constitute a bearing cover for covering and supporting the first bearing, the bearing cover covering the first bearing to be non-seeable when the mechanical interface structure of the planet carrier is viewed axially along an axial direction of the planet carrier, and the front cover shield comprises the connection sections of the frame structure. 2. The gear system according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of a portion of the planet carrier being in contact with the first bearing is greater than a diameter of an aperture of the front cover shield through which the mechanical interface structure of the planet carrier is arranged to protrude. 3. The gear system according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical interface structure of the planet carrier and an end-section of the planet carrier constitute a single piece of material, the end-section of the planet carrier supporting first ends of planet wheel shafts of the planetary gear and another end-section of the planet carrier supporting second ends of the planet wheel shafts. 4. The gear system according to claim 2, wherein the mechanical interface structure of the planet carrier and an end-section of the planet carrier constitute a single piece of material, the end-section of the planet carrier supporting first ends of planet wheel shafts of the planetary gear and another end-section of the planet carrier supporting second ends of the planet wheel shafts. 5. The gear system according to claim 1, wherein the gear ring (108) of the first planetary gear constitutes a part of the frame structure so that an outer surface of the gear ring of the first planetary gear constitutes a part of an outer surface of the gear system. 6. The gear system according to claim 1, wherein the gear system comprises a seal between an outer surface of the mechanical interface structure of the planet carrier and a wall of an aperture of the front cover shield through which the mechanical interface structure of the planet carrier is arranged to protrude. 7. The gear system according to claim 1, wherein the gear system comprises a second planetary gear whose planet carrier is connected in a torque transferring way to the sun shaft of the first planetary gear. 8. The gear system according to claim 7, wherein the frame structure comprises an intermediate portion connected to the gear ring of the first planetary gear and to a gear ring of the second planetary gear. 9. The gear system according to claim 8, wherein the gear ring of the second planetary gear constitutes a part of the frame structure so that an outer surface of the gear ring of the second planetary gear constitutes a part of an outer surface of the gear system. 10. The gear system according to claim 7, wherein the gear system comprises a cylindrical gear comprising first and second gear wheels meshing with each other, the first gear wheel being connected in a torque transferring way to a sun shaft of the second planetary gear. 11. The gear system according to claim 1, wherein the first bearing is one of the following: a cylindrical roller bearing, a ball bearing, a plain bearing, a tapered roller bearing. 12. A wind power plant comprising:
a wind rotor, a generator for producing electric power, and a gear system for transferring mechanical power from the wind rotor to the generator, wherein gear system comprises a frame structure comprising connection sections attaching the frame structure to support structures of a nacelle of the wind power plant, and a first planetary gear comprising: a sun shaft comprising a sun wheel and being rotatable with respect to the frame structure, a gear ring stationary with respect to the frame structure, a planet carrier comprising a mechanical interface structure connected to the wind rotor in a torque transferring way, first and second bearings supporting the planet carrier rotatably with respect to the frame structure, and planet wheels supported rotatably with respect to the planet carrier and meshing with the sun wheel and with the gear ring, wherein the first bearing is axially between the gear ring and the mechanical interface structure of the planet carrier, and the frame structure comprises a front cover shield being a single piece of material, attached to the gear ring, and shaped to constitute a bearing cover for covering and supporting the first bearing, the bearing cover covering the first bearing to be non-seeable when the mechanical interface structure of the planet carrier is viewed axially along an axial direction of the planet carrier, and the front cover shield comprises the connection sections of the frame structure. | A gear system includes a planetary gear and a frame structure including connection sections for attaching the frame structure to an external mechanical structure such as a nacelle of a wind power plant. The planetary gear includes a planet carrier, a sun wheel, a gear ring, and planet wheels meshing with the sun wheel and with the gear ring. The planet carrier includes a mechanical interface structure for connecting to an external rotating element such as a wind rotor. The frame structure includes a front cover shield that is a single piece of material, attached to the gear ring, and shaped to constitute a bearing cover for covering and supporting a bearing that supports the planet carrier. Thus, there is no need for a separate bearing cover.1. A gear system comprising a frame structure comprising connection sections for attaching the frame structure to a mechanical structure external to the gear system, and a first planetary gear comprising:
a sun shaft comprising a sun wheel and being rotatable with respect to the frame structure, a gear ring stationary with respect to the frame structure, a planet carrier comprising a mechanical interface structure for connecting to a rotating element external to the gear system, first and second bearings supporting the planet carrier rotatably with respect to the frame structure, and planet wheels supported rotatably with respect to the planet carrier and meshing with the sun wheel and with the gear ring, wherein the first bearing is axially between the gear ring and the mechanical interface structure of the planet carrier, and the frame structure comprises a front cover shield being a single piece of material, attached to the gear ring, and shaped to constitute a bearing cover for covering and supporting the first bearing, the bearing cover covering the first bearing to be non-seeable when the mechanical interface structure of the planet carrier is viewed axially along an axial direction of the planet carrier, and the front cover shield comprises the connection sections of the frame structure. 2. The gear system according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of a portion of the planet carrier being in contact with the first bearing is greater than a diameter of an aperture of the front cover shield through which the mechanical interface structure of the planet carrier is arranged to protrude. 3. The gear system according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical interface structure of the planet carrier and an end-section of the planet carrier constitute a single piece of material, the end-section of the planet carrier supporting first ends of planet wheel shafts of the planetary gear and another end-section of the planet carrier supporting second ends of the planet wheel shafts. 4. The gear system according to claim 2, wherein the mechanical interface structure of the planet carrier and an end-section of the planet carrier constitute a single piece of material, the end-section of the planet carrier supporting first ends of planet wheel shafts of the planetary gear and another end-section of the planet carrier supporting second ends of the planet wheel shafts. 5. The gear system according to claim 1, wherein the gear ring (108) of the first planetary gear constitutes a part of the frame structure so that an outer surface of the gear ring of the first planetary gear constitutes a part of an outer surface of the gear system. 6. The gear system according to claim 1, wherein the gear system comprises a seal between an outer surface of the mechanical interface structure of the planet carrier and a wall of an aperture of the front cover shield through which the mechanical interface structure of the planet carrier is arranged to protrude. 7. The gear system according to claim 1, wherein the gear system comprises a second planetary gear whose planet carrier is connected in a torque transferring way to the sun shaft of the first planetary gear. 8. The gear system according to claim 7, wherein the frame structure comprises an intermediate portion connected to the gear ring of the first planetary gear and to a gear ring of the second planetary gear. 9. The gear system according to claim 8, wherein the gear ring of the second planetary gear constitutes a part of the frame structure so that an outer surface of the gear ring of the second planetary gear constitutes a part of an outer surface of the gear system. 10. The gear system according to claim 7, wherein the gear system comprises a cylindrical gear comprising first and second gear wheels meshing with each other, the first gear wheel being connected in a torque transferring way to a sun shaft of the second planetary gear. 11. The gear system according to claim 1, wherein the first bearing is one of the following: a cylindrical roller bearing, a ball bearing, a plain bearing, a tapered roller bearing. 12. A wind power plant comprising:
a wind rotor, a generator for producing electric power, and a gear system for transferring mechanical power from the wind rotor to the generator, wherein gear system comprises a frame structure comprising connection sections attaching the frame structure to support structures of a nacelle of the wind power plant, and a first planetary gear comprising: a sun shaft comprising a sun wheel and being rotatable with respect to the frame structure, a gear ring stationary with respect to the frame structure, a planet carrier comprising a mechanical interface structure connected to the wind rotor in a torque transferring way, first and second bearings supporting the planet carrier rotatably with respect to the frame structure, and planet wheels supported rotatably with respect to the planet carrier and meshing with the sun wheel and with the gear ring, wherein the first bearing is axially between the gear ring and the mechanical interface structure of the planet carrier, and the frame structure comprises a front cover shield being a single piece of material, attached to the gear ring, and shaped to constitute a bearing cover for covering and supporting the first bearing, the bearing cover covering the first bearing to be non-seeable when the mechanical interface structure of the planet carrier is viewed axially along an axial direction of the planet carrier, and the front cover shield comprises the connection sections of the frame structure. | 2,800 |
341,134 | 16,801,455 | 2,899 | Disclosed herein is a method for monitoring and management of a patient's oxygen therapy and breathing. Accordingly, the method may include a step of receiving, using a communication device, at least one sensor data from a sensor device. Further, the method may include a step of analyzing, using a processing device, the at least one sensor data. Further, the method may include a step of generating, using the processing device, a notification based on the analyzing. Further, the method may include a step of transmitting, using the communication device, the notification to at least one external device. Further, the method may include a step of storing, using a storage device, the notification. | 1. A system for monitoring and management of a patient's oxygen therapy and breathing, wherein the system comprising:
a sensor device configured for detecting a flow, wherein the sensor device is configured to be fluidly couplable with a nasal cannula, wherein the nasal cannula is configured for dispensing oxygen to a nasal cavity of a patient, wherein the sensor device is configured for generating at least one sensor data based on detection of the flow; a processing device communicatively coupled with the sensor device, wherein the processing device is configured for:
analyzing the at least one sensor data; and
generating a notification based on the analyzing;
a communication device communicatively coupled with the processing device, wherein the communication device is configured for transmitting the notification to at least one external device; and a storage device communicatively coupled with the processing device, wherein the storage device is configured for storing the notification. 2. The system of claim 1 further comprising a presentation device communicatively coupled with the processing device, wherein the presentation device is configured for presenting the notification. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is configured for:
determining a patient respiration data based on the analyzing; analyzing the patient respiration data; and generating an alert based on the analyzing of the patient respiration data, wherein the communication device is configured for transmitting the alert to the at least one external device. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the storage device is configured for retrieving a patient data, wherein the processing device is configured for:
processing at least one of the patient data and the patient respiration data; and generating a second notification based on the processing. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the processing device is configured for generating a therapy program based on the processing, wherein the communication device is configured for transmitting the therapy program to at least one of at least one patient device and the at least one external device. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the system is compliant with at least one Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) regulation, wherein the processing device is configured for deleting at least one of the at least one sensor data, the patient data, and the patient respiration data, wherein the deletion is subsequent to the analyzing. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the analyzing is further based on the therapy program, wherein the notification comprises a compliance notification, wherein the communication device is configured for transmitting the compliance notification to at least one of the at least one patient device and the at least one external device. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is configured for generating a pressure data based on the analyzing, wherein the communication device is configured for transmitting the pressure data to the at least one external device. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the sensor device comprises a microprocessor, a wireless module, and a memory, wherein the microprocessor is configured for performing at least one computational process, wherein the wireless module is configured for connecting the sensor device to the at least one external device, wherein the memory is configured for storing a data associated with the sensor device. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the sensor device comprises a non-intrusive device, wherein the non-intrusive device is configured for allowing the flow upon failure of the sensor device. 11. A method for monitoring and management of a patient's oxygen therapy and breathing, wherein the method comprising:
receiving, using a communication device, at least one sensor data from a sensor device, wherein the sensor device configured for detecting a flow, wherein the sensor device is configured to be fluidly couplable with a nasal cannula, wherein the nasal cannula is configured for dispensing oxygen to a nasal cavity of a patient; analyzing, using a processing device, the at least one sensor data; generating, using the processing device, a notification based on the analyzing; transmitting, using the communication device, the notification to at least one external device; and storing, using a storage device, the notification. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
transmitting, using the communication device, the notification to a presentation device, wherein the presentation device is configured for presenting the notification. 13. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
determining, using the processing device, a patient respiration data based on the analyzing;
analyzing, using the processing device, the patient respiration data;
generating, using the processing device, an alert based on the analyzing of the patient respiration data; and
transmitting, using the communication device, the alert to the at least one external device. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising:
retrieving, using the storage device, a patient data;
processing, using the processing device, at least one of the patient data and the patient respiration data; and
generating, using the processing device, a second notification based on the processing. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprising:
generating, using the processing device, a therapy program based on the processing; and
transmitting, using the communication device, the therapy program to at least one of at least one patient device and the at least one external device. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the method is compliant with at least one Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) regulation, the method further comprising deleting, using the processing device, at least one of the at least one sensor data, the patient data, and the patient respiration data, wherein the deleting is subsequent to the analyzing. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the analyzing is further based on the therapy program, wherein the notification comprises a compliance notification, wherein the method further comprising transmitting, using the communication device, the compliance notification to at least one of the at least one patient device and the at least one external device. 18. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
generating, using the processing device, a pressure data based on the analyzing; and
transmitting, using the communication device, the pressure data to the at least one external device. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the sensor device comprises a microprocessor, a wireless module, and a memory, wherein the microprocessor is configured for performing at least one computational process, wherein the wireless module is configured for connecting the sensor device to the at least one external device, wherein the memory is configured for storing a data associated with the sensor device. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the sensor device comprises a non-intrusive device, wherein the non-intrusive device is configured for allowing the flow upon failure of the sensor device. | Disclosed herein is a method for monitoring and management of a patient's oxygen therapy and breathing. Accordingly, the method may include a step of receiving, using a communication device, at least one sensor data from a sensor device. Further, the method may include a step of analyzing, using a processing device, the at least one sensor data. Further, the method may include a step of generating, using the processing device, a notification based on the analyzing. Further, the method may include a step of transmitting, using the communication device, the notification to at least one external device. Further, the method may include a step of storing, using a storage device, the notification.1. A system for monitoring and management of a patient's oxygen therapy and breathing, wherein the system comprising:
a sensor device configured for detecting a flow, wherein the sensor device is configured to be fluidly couplable with a nasal cannula, wherein the nasal cannula is configured for dispensing oxygen to a nasal cavity of a patient, wherein the sensor device is configured for generating at least one sensor data based on detection of the flow; a processing device communicatively coupled with the sensor device, wherein the processing device is configured for:
analyzing the at least one sensor data; and
generating a notification based on the analyzing;
a communication device communicatively coupled with the processing device, wherein the communication device is configured for transmitting the notification to at least one external device; and a storage device communicatively coupled with the processing device, wherein the storage device is configured for storing the notification. 2. The system of claim 1 further comprising a presentation device communicatively coupled with the processing device, wherein the presentation device is configured for presenting the notification. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is configured for:
determining a patient respiration data based on the analyzing; analyzing the patient respiration data; and generating an alert based on the analyzing of the patient respiration data, wherein the communication device is configured for transmitting the alert to the at least one external device. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the storage device is configured for retrieving a patient data, wherein the processing device is configured for:
processing at least one of the patient data and the patient respiration data; and generating a second notification based on the processing. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the processing device is configured for generating a therapy program based on the processing, wherein the communication device is configured for transmitting the therapy program to at least one of at least one patient device and the at least one external device. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the system is compliant with at least one Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) regulation, wherein the processing device is configured for deleting at least one of the at least one sensor data, the patient data, and the patient respiration data, wherein the deletion is subsequent to the analyzing. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the analyzing is further based on the therapy program, wherein the notification comprises a compliance notification, wherein the communication device is configured for transmitting the compliance notification to at least one of the at least one patient device and the at least one external device. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing device is configured for generating a pressure data based on the analyzing, wherein the communication device is configured for transmitting the pressure data to the at least one external device. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the sensor device comprises a microprocessor, a wireless module, and a memory, wherein the microprocessor is configured for performing at least one computational process, wherein the wireless module is configured for connecting the sensor device to the at least one external device, wherein the memory is configured for storing a data associated with the sensor device. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the sensor device comprises a non-intrusive device, wherein the non-intrusive device is configured for allowing the flow upon failure of the sensor device. 11. A method for monitoring and management of a patient's oxygen therapy and breathing, wherein the method comprising:
receiving, using a communication device, at least one sensor data from a sensor device, wherein the sensor device configured for detecting a flow, wherein the sensor device is configured to be fluidly couplable with a nasal cannula, wherein the nasal cannula is configured for dispensing oxygen to a nasal cavity of a patient; analyzing, using a processing device, the at least one sensor data; generating, using the processing device, a notification based on the analyzing; transmitting, using the communication device, the notification to at least one external device; and storing, using a storage device, the notification. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
transmitting, using the communication device, the notification to a presentation device, wherein the presentation device is configured for presenting the notification. 13. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
determining, using the processing device, a patient respiration data based on the analyzing;
analyzing, using the processing device, the patient respiration data;
generating, using the processing device, an alert based on the analyzing of the patient respiration data; and
transmitting, using the communication device, the alert to the at least one external device. 14. The method of claim 13 further comprising:
retrieving, using the storage device, a patient data;
processing, using the processing device, at least one of the patient data and the patient respiration data; and
generating, using the processing device, a second notification based on the processing. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprising:
generating, using the processing device, a therapy program based on the processing; and
transmitting, using the communication device, the therapy program to at least one of at least one patient device and the at least one external device. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the method is compliant with at least one Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) regulation, the method further comprising deleting, using the processing device, at least one of the at least one sensor data, the patient data, and the patient respiration data, wherein the deleting is subsequent to the analyzing. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the analyzing is further based on the therapy program, wherein the notification comprises a compliance notification, wherein the method further comprising transmitting, using the communication device, the compliance notification to at least one of the at least one patient device and the at least one external device. 18. The method of claim 11 further comprising:
generating, using the processing device, a pressure data based on the analyzing; and
transmitting, using the communication device, the pressure data to the at least one external device. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the sensor device comprises a microprocessor, a wireless module, and a memory, wherein the microprocessor is configured for performing at least one computational process, wherein the wireless module is configured for connecting the sensor device to the at least one external device, wherein the memory is configured for storing a data associated with the sensor device. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the sensor device comprises a non-intrusive device, wherein the non-intrusive device is configured for allowing the flow upon failure of the sensor device. | 2,800 |
341,135 | 16,801,475 | 2,899 | A housing assembly includes a face frame and a face plate. The face frame includes a main vent and a plurality of first snap joint members located at two opposite sides of the main vent. The face plate includes an air hole in communication with the main vent and a plurality of second snap joint members distributed at two opposite sides of the face plate and arranged centrosymmetrically. The plurality of second snap joint members are configured to be fitted with the plurality of first snap joint members in one-to-one correspondence. | 1. A housing assembly comprising:
a face frame including:
a main vent; and
a plurality of first snap joint members located at two opposite sides of the main vent; and
a face plate including:
an air hole in communication with the main vent; and
a plurality of second snap joint members distributed at two opposite sides of the face plate and arranged centrosymmetrically, the plurality of second snap joint members being configured to be fitted with the plurality of first snap joint members in one-to-one correspondence. 2. The housing assembly according to claim 1, wherein each of the second snap joint members includes an elastic hook configured to be hooked on a corresponding one of the first snap joint members. 3. The housing assembly according to claim 1, wherein:
the face frame includes a plurality of first positioning members; the face plate includes a plurality of second positioning members at two opposite sides of the face plate and arranged centrosymmetrically; and the plurality of first positioning members and the plurality of second positioning members are positioned and configured to be fitted in one-to-one correspondence to position and mount the face plate at the face frame. 4. The housing assembly according to claim 3, wherein each of the first positioning members includes a fitting groove formed in the face frame, and each of the second positioning members extends into the corresponding fitting groove. 5. The housing assembly according to claim 3, wherein for a pair of first positioning member and second positioning member, at least one of a surface of the first positioning member in contact with the second positioning member or a surface of the second positioning member in contact with the first positioning member includes a contact convex rib. 6. The housing assembly according to claim 3, wherein the second snap joint members are provided at an upper side and a lower side of the face plate, and the second positioning members are provided at a left side and a right side of the face plate. 7. The housing assembly according to claim 1, wherein:
the face frame includes a plurality of first limiting members centrosymmetrically distributed at two opposite sides of the face frame; and the face plate includes a plurality of second limiting members configured to be fitted with the plurality of first limiting members in one-to-one correspondence to limit displacement of the face plate. 8. The housing assembly according to claim 7, wherein each of the first limiting members includes a limiting protrusion, each of the second limiting members includes a limiting groove provided in the face plate, and the limiting protrusion is configured to extend into the limiting groove and abut against an inner wall of the limiting groove. 9. The housing assembly according to claim 7, wherein at least two of the first limiting members include abutting protrusions facing the face frame directly, and a space for inserting a filter is formed between the face frame and the abutting protrusions. 10. The housing assembly according to claim 1, wherein the face frame is provided with an auxiliary vent adjacent to the main vent. 11. A window air conditioner comprising:
a main unit; and a housing assembly accommodating the main unit, the housing assembly including:
a face frame provided at a front side of the main unit, an outer peripheral wall of the face frame is located outside an outer peripheral wall of the main unit, and the face frame including:
a main vent; and
a plurality of first snap joint members located at two opposite sides of the main vent; and
a face plate including:
an air hole in communication with the main vent; and
a plurality of second snap joint members distributed at two opposite sides of the face plate and arranged centrosymmetrically, the plurality of second snap joint members being configured to be fitted with the plurality of first snap joint members in one-to-one correspondence. 12. The window air conditioner according to claim 11, wherein:
the main unit includes:
a chassis; and
a front cover plate provided at a front portion of the chassis and located above the chassis, the front cover plate and the chassis forming an indoor mounting space;
the face frame is detachably mounted at a front side of the front cover plate to close over an opening of a front side of the indoor mounting space. 13. The window air conditioner according to claim 12, wherein the face frame includes a first engaging member at an inner peripheral wall of the face frame, and the front cover plate includes a second engaging member in snap fit with the first engaging member. 14. The window air conditioner according to claim 13, wherein the first engaging member includes an engaging rib provided on the inner peripheral wall of the face frame, and the second engaging member includes an engaging hole provided in the front cover plate. 15. The window air conditioner according to claim 14, wherein a rear surface of the engaging rib includes a guide surface extending obliquely in a direction from rear to front towards a direction towards a center line of the face frame, the center line extending in a front and rear direction. 16. The window air conditioner according to claim 13, wherein the front cover plate includes a protuberance protruding in a direction towards or away from a center line of the face frame extending in a front and rear direction, the second engaging member being provided on the protuberance. 17. The window air conditioner according to claim 16, wherein:
the front cover plate includes:
a horizontal plate located above the chassis and spaced apart from the chassis;
a first side plate extending vertically and including an upper end connected with a left end of the horizontal plate and a lower end connected with a left side wall of the chassis; and
a second side plate provided opposite to the first side plate and including an upper end connected with a right end of the horizontal plate and a lower end connected with a
right side wall of the chassis; and
the indoor mounting space is enclosed by the second side plate, the first side plate, the horizontal plate, and the chassis. 18. The window air conditioner according to claim 17, wherein:
the protuberance is a first protuberance formed at the horizontal plate and protruding upwards, and the second engaging member is one of a plurality of second engaging member of the front cover plate; the front cover plate further includes:
a second protuberance formed at the first side plate and protruding leftwards;
a third protuberance formed at the second side plate and protruding rightwards; and
each of the second protuberance and the third protuberance is provided with one of the second engaging members. 19. The window air conditioner according to claim 12, wherein the front cover plate is an integrally formed part or a sheet metal part. 20. The window air conditioner according to claim 12, further comprising:
an air duct member including an air flow channel and located in the indoor mounting space. | A housing assembly includes a face frame and a face plate. The face frame includes a main vent and a plurality of first snap joint members located at two opposite sides of the main vent. The face plate includes an air hole in communication with the main vent and a plurality of second snap joint members distributed at two opposite sides of the face plate and arranged centrosymmetrically. The plurality of second snap joint members are configured to be fitted with the plurality of first snap joint members in one-to-one correspondence.1. A housing assembly comprising:
a face frame including:
a main vent; and
a plurality of first snap joint members located at two opposite sides of the main vent; and
a face plate including:
an air hole in communication with the main vent; and
a plurality of second snap joint members distributed at two opposite sides of the face plate and arranged centrosymmetrically, the plurality of second snap joint members being configured to be fitted with the plurality of first snap joint members in one-to-one correspondence. 2. The housing assembly according to claim 1, wherein each of the second snap joint members includes an elastic hook configured to be hooked on a corresponding one of the first snap joint members. 3. The housing assembly according to claim 1, wherein:
the face frame includes a plurality of first positioning members; the face plate includes a plurality of second positioning members at two opposite sides of the face plate and arranged centrosymmetrically; and the plurality of first positioning members and the plurality of second positioning members are positioned and configured to be fitted in one-to-one correspondence to position and mount the face plate at the face frame. 4. The housing assembly according to claim 3, wherein each of the first positioning members includes a fitting groove formed in the face frame, and each of the second positioning members extends into the corresponding fitting groove. 5. The housing assembly according to claim 3, wherein for a pair of first positioning member and second positioning member, at least one of a surface of the first positioning member in contact with the second positioning member or a surface of the second positioning member in contact with the first positioning member includes a contact convex rib. 6. The housing assembly according to claim 3, wherein the second snap joint members are provided at an upper side and a lower side of the face plate, and the second positioning members are provided at a left side and a right side of the face plate. 7. The housing assembly according to claim 1, wherein:
the face frame includes a plurality of first limiting members centrosymmetrically distributed at two opposite sides of the face frame; and the face plate includes a plurality of second limiting members configured to be fitted with the plurality of first limiting members in one-to-one correspondence to limit displacement of the face plate. 8. The housing assembly according to claim 7, wherein each of the first limiting members includes a limiting protrusion, each of the second limiting members includes a limiting groove provided in the face plate, and the limiting protrusion is configured to extend into the limiting groove and abut against an inner wall of the limiting groove. 9. The housing assembly according to claim 7, wherein at least two of the first limiting members include abutting protrusions facing the face frame directly, and a space for inserting a filter is formed between the face frame and the abutting protrusions. 10. The housing assembly according to claim 1, wherein the face frame is provided with an auxiliary vent adjacent to the main vent. 11. A window air conditioner comprising:
a main unit; and a housing assembly accommodating the main unit, the housing assembly including:
a face frame provided at a front side of the main unit, an outer peripheral wall of the face frame is located outside an outer peripheral wall of the main unit, and the face frame including:
a main vent; and
a plurality of first snap joint members located at two opposite sides of the main vent; and
a face plate including:
an air hole in communication with the main vent; and
a plurality of second snap joint members distributed at two opposite sides of the face plate and arranged centrosymmetrically, the plurality of second snap joint members being configured to be fitted with the plurality of first snap joint members in one-to-one correspondence. 12. The window air conditioner according to claim 11, wherein:
the main unit includes:
a chassis; and
a front cover plate provided at a front portion of the chassis and located above the chassis, the front cover plate and the chassis forming an indoor mounting space;
the face frame is detachably mounted at a front side of the front cover plate to close over an opening of a front side of the indoor mounting space. 13. The window air conditioner according to claim 12, wherein the face frame includes a first engaging member at an inner peripheral wall of the face frame, and the front cover plate includes a second engaging member in snap fit with the first engaging member. 14. The window air conditioner according to claim 13, wherein the first engaging member includes an engaging rib provided on the inner peripheral wall of the face frame, and the second engaging member includes an engaging hole provided in the front cover plate. 15. The window air conditioner according to claim 14, wherein a rear surface of the engaging rib includes a guide surface extending obliquely in a direction from rear to front towards a direction towards a center line of the face frame, the center line extending in a front and rear direction. 16. The window air conditioner according to claim 13, wherein the front cover plate includes a protuberance protruding in a direction towards or away from a center line of the face frame extending in a front and rear direction, the second engaging member being provided on the protuberance. 17. The window air conditioner according to claim 16, wherein:
the front cover plate includes:
a horizontal plate located above the chassis and spaced apart from the chassis;
a first side plate extending vertically and including an upper end connected with a left end of the horizontal plate and a lower end connected with a left side wall of the chassis; and
a second side plate provided opposite to the first side plate and including an upper end connected with a right end of the horizontal plate and a lower end connected with a
right side wall of the chassis; and
the indoor mounting space is enclosed by the second side plate, the first side plate, the horizontal plate, and the chassis. 18. The window air conditioner according to claim 17, wherein:
the protuberance is a first protuberance formed at the horizontal plate and protruding upwards, and the second engaging member is one of a plurality of second engaging member of the front cover plate; the front cover plate further includes:
a second protuberance formed at the first side plate and protruding leftwards;
a third protuberance formed at the second side plate and protruding rightwards; and
each of the second protuberance and the third protuberance is provided with one of the second engaging members. 19. The window air conditioner according to claim 12, wherein the front cover plate is an integrally formed part or a sheet metal part. 20. The window air conditioner according to claim 12, further comprising:
an air duct member including an air flow channel and located in the indoor mounting space. | 2,800 |
341,136 | 16,801,462 | 2,899 | There are provided a liquid ejecting head and a liquid-ejecting recording apparatus in which it is possible to improve convenience. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a liquid ejecting head includes an ejecting section including a plurality of nozzles for ejecting liquid, a driving circuit that drives the ejecting section based on a printing driving signal to eject the liquid from the nozzles, a power supply path connected to the driving circuit, a detection section that acquires measurement data based on a detection result of a current flowing on the power supply path, and an arithmetic operation section that performs both an inspection of a state of the ejecting section based on the measurement data obtained by the detection section and acquisition of a parameter for ejection of the liquid. | 1. A liquid ejecting head comprising:
an ejecting section including a plurality of nozzles for ejecting liquid; a driving circuit that drives the ejecting section based on a printing driving signal to eject the liquid from the nozzles; a power supply path connected to the driving circuit; a detection section that acquires measurement data based on a detection result of a current flowing on the power supply path; and an arithmetic operation section that performs both an inspection of a state of the ejecting section and acquisition of a parameter for ejection of the liquid based on the measurement data obtained by the detection section. 2. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1,
wherein the arithmetic operation section performs both an inspection of a filling state of the ejecting section with the liquid, as the state of the ejecting unit, and the acquisition of the parameter relating to ejection of the liquid, based on a plurality of pieces of the measurement data obtained using a plurality of inspection driving signals having different periods each other. 3. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 2,
wherein the arithmetic operation section inspects the filling state with the liquid by determining whether or not each of the plurality of pieces of measurement data has a local maximum value which is equal to or more than a threshold value. 4. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 2,
wherein the arithmetic operation section inspects the filling state with the liquid based on a difference value between the plurality of pieces of measurement data. 5. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1,
wherein the parameter is a natural vibration period (2×AP value) in the ejecting section. 6. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1,
wherein the parameter is a drive voltage in the printing driving signal. 7. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1,
wherein the arithmetic operation section further determines whether or not a setting parameter relating to ejection of the liquid is valid, based on a comparison result between an acquisition parameter and the setting parameter, the acquisition parameter being the parameter obtained based on the measurement data, and the setting parameter being set in the liquid ejecting head. 8. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1,
wherein the arithmetic operation section transmits a notification of a result obtained by inspecting the state of the ejecting section and a result obtained b performing a predetermined determination based on the parameter, to an outside. 9. A liquid-ejecting recording apparatus comprising the liquid ejecting head according to claim 1. | There are provided a liquid ejecting head and a liquid-ejecting recording apparatus in which it is possible to improve convenience. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a liquid ejecting head includes an ejecting section including a plurality of nozzles for ejecting liquid, a driving circuit that drives the ejecting section based on a printing driving signal to eject the liquid from the nozzles, a power supply path connected to the driving circuit, a detection section that acquires measurement data based on a detection result of a current flowing on the power supply path, and an arithmetic operation section that performs both an inspection of a state of the ejecting section based on the measurement data obtained by the detection section and acquisition of a parameter for ejection of the liquid.1. A liquid ejecting head comprising:
an ejecting section including a plurality of nozzles for ejecting liquid; a driving circuit that drives the ejecting section based on a printing driving signal to eject the liquid from the nozzles; a power supply path connected to the driving circuit; a detection section that acquires measurement data based on a detection result of a current flowing on the power supply path; and an arithmetic operation section that performs both an inspection of a state of the ejecting section and acquisition of a parameter for ejection of the liquid based on the measurement data obtained by the detection section. 2. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1,
wherein the arithmetic operation section performs both an inspection of a filling state of the ejecting section with the liquid, as the state of the ejecting unit, and the acquisition of the parameter relating to ejection of the liquid, based on a plurality of pieces of the measurement data obtained using a plurality of inspection driving signals having different periods each other. 3. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 2,
wherein the arithmetic operation section inspects the filling state with the liquid by determining whether or not each of the plurality of pieces of measurement data has a local maximum value which is equal to or more than a threshold value. 4. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 2,
wherein the arithmetic operation section inspects the filling state with the liquid based on a difference value between the plurality of pieces of measurement data. 5. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1,
wherein the parameter is a natural vibration period (2×AP value) in the ejecting section. 6. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1,
wherein the parameter is a drive voltage in the printing driving signal. 7. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1,
wherein the arithmetic operation section further determines whether or not a setting parameter relating to ejection of the liquid is valid, based on a comparison result between an acquisition parameter and the setting parameter, the acquisition parameter being the parameter obtained based on the measurement data, and the setting parameter being set in the liquid ejecting head. 8. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1,
wherein the arithmetic operation section transmits a notification of a result obtained by inspecting the state of the ejecting section and a result obtained b performing a predetermined determination based on the parameter, to an outside. 9. A liquid-ejecting recording apparatus comprising the liquid ejecting head according to claim 1. | 2,800 |
341,137 | 16,801,453 | 2,899 | A tire has a first rib, a second rib and a third rib. The second rib and the third rib are adjacent to the first rib. The first rib has a first closed sipe that terminates within the first rib. The second rib has a second closed sipe that terminates within the second rib. The third rib has a third closed sipe that terminates within the third rib. The second closed sipe and the third closed sipe are inclined in mutually similar fashion with respect to the tire width direction. The first closed sipe is inclined in opposite fashion with respect to the tire width direction as the second closed sipe and the third closed sipe are inclined with respect to the tire width direction. | 1. A pneumatic tire comprising:
a first rib that is partitioned by a first pair of major grooves and that extends in a tire circumferential direction in parallel fashion with respect to a tire equator; a second rib that is partitioned by a second pair of major grooves, that extends in the tire circumferential direction, and that is adjacent, to a first side in a tire width direction, to the first rib; and a third rib that is partitioned by a third pair of major grooves, that extends in the tire circumferential direction, and that is adjacent, to a second side in the tire width direction, to the first rib; wherein the first rib has, at a central portion in the tire width direction of the first rib, at least one first closed sipe that terminates within the first rib, the at least one first closed sipe being inclined with respect to the tire width direction and the tire circumferential direction, length of the at least one first closed sipe in the tire circumferential direction being greater than length of the at least one first closed sipe in the tire width direction; wherein the second rib has, at a central portion in the tire width direction of the second rib, at least one second closed sipe that terminates within the second rib, the at least one second closed sipe being inclined with respect to the tire width direction and the tire circumferential direction, length of the at least one second closed sipe in the tire circumferential direction being greater than length of the at least one second closed sipe in the tire width direction; wherein the third rib has, at a central portion in the tire width direction of the third rib, at least one third dosed sipe that terminates within the third rib, the at least one third closed sipe being inclined with respect to the tire width direction and the tire circumferential direction, length of the at least one third closed sipe in the tire circumferential direction being greater than length of the at least one third closed sipe in the tire width direction; wherein the at least one second closed sipe and the at least one third closed sipe are inclined in mutually similar fashion with respect to the tire width direction; and wherein the at least one first closed sipe is inclined in opposite fashion with respect to the tire width direction as the at least one second closed sipe and the at least one third closed sipe are inclined with respect to the tire width direction. 2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 wherein, as seen in plan view,
the length in the tire circumferential direction of the at least one first closed sipe is not less than 1.5 times the length err the tire width direction of the at least one first closed sipe;
the length in the tire circumferential direction of the at least one second closed sipe is not less than 1.5 times the length in the tire width direction of the at least one second closed sipe; and
the length in the tire circumferential direction of the at least one third closed sipe is not less than 1.5 times the length in the tire width direction of the at least one third closed sipe. 3. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 wherein the second rib has at least one pair of second slits that extend in the tire circumferential direction and that open into the second pair of major grooves, the at least one second closed sipe being arranged in interposed fashion between. the at least one pair of second slits; and wherein the third rib has at least one pair of third slits that extend in the tire circumferential direction and that open into the third pair of major grooves, the at least one third closed sipe being arranged in interposed fashion between the at least one pair of third slits. 4. The pneumatic tire according to claim 3 wherein length in the tire circumferential direction of each of the second slits is not less than 0.8 but not greater than 1.2 times length in the tire width direction of each of the second slits; and wherein length in the tire circumferential direction of each of the third slits is not less than 0.8 but not greater than 1.2 times length in the tire width direction of each of the third slits. 5. The pneumatic tire according to claim 3 wherein, as seen when projected onto an equatorial plane, at least one of the second slits and at least one of the third slits at least partially mutually overlap to create at least one overlapping region; and wherein, as seen when projected onto the equatorial plane, at least a portion of the at least one first closed sipe lies within the at least one overlapping region. 6. The pneumatic tire according to claim 5 wherein, as seen when projected onto the equatorial plane, the at least one first closed sipe lies entirely within the at least one overlapping region. 7. The pneumatic tire according to claim 5 wherein, as seen when projected onto the equatorial plane, length in the tire circumferential direction of the at least one overlapping region is not less than 40% but not greater than 80% of length in the tire circumferential direction of the at least one second slit and of the at least one third slit that appear to mutually overlap as seen when projected onto the equatorial plane. 8. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 wherein the first pair of major grooves respectively extend in zigzag fashion in the tire circumferential direction such that at least one groove wall of the first pair of major grooves has at least one convex groove wall portion and at least one concave groove wall portion; wherein each of the first pair of major grooves has a greater groove width at a base thereof than at an opening thereof, and wherein at least one shelf portion protrudes from the groove base at the at least one concave groove wall portion. | A tire has a first rib, a second rib and a third rib. The second rib and the third rib are adjacent to the first rib. The first rib has a first closed sipe that terminates within the first rib. The second rib has a second closed sipe that terminates within the second rib. The third rib has a third closed sipe that terminates within the third rib. The second closed sipe and the third closed sipe are inclined in mutually similar fashion with respect to the tire width direction. The first closed sipe is inclined in opposite fashion with respect to the tire width direction as the second closed sipe and the third closed sipe are inclined with respect to the tire width direction.1. A pneumatic tire comprising:
a first rib that is partitioned by a first pair of major grooves and that extends in a tire circumferential direction in parallel fashion with respect to a tire equator; a second rib that is partitioned by a second pair of major grooves, that extends in the tire circumferential direction, and that is adjacent, to a first side in a tire width direction, to the first rib; and a third rib that is partitioned by a third pair of major grooves, that extends in the tire circumferential direction, and that is adjacent, to a second side in the tire width direction, to the first rib; wherein the first rib has, at a central portion in the tire width direction of the first rib, at least one first closed sipe that terminates within the first rib, the at least one first closed sipe being inclined with respect to the tire width direction and the tire circumferential direction, length of the at least one first closed sipe in the tire circumferential direction being greater than length of the at least one first closed sipe in the tire width direction; wherein the second rib has, at a central portion in the tire width direction of the second rib, at least one second closed sipe that terminates within the second rib, the at least one second closed sipe being inclined with respect to the tire width direction and the tire circumferential direction, length of the at least one second closed sipe in the tire circumferential direction being greater than length of the at least one second closed sipe in the tire width direction; wherein the third rib has, at a central portion in the tire width direction of the third rib, at least one third dosed sipe that terminates within the third rib, the at least one third closed sipe being inclined with respect to the tire width direction and the tire circumferential direction, length of the at least one third closed sipe in the tire circumferential direction being greater than length of the at least one third closed sipe in the tire width direction; wherein the at least one second closed sipe and the at least one third closed sipe are inclined in mutually similar fashion with respect to the tire width direction; and wherein the at least one first closed sipe is inclined in opposite fashion with respect to the tire width direction as the at least one second closed sipe and the at least one third closed sipe are inclined with respect to the tire width direction. 2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 wherein, as seen in plan view,
the length in the tire circumferential direction of the at least one first closed sipe is not less than 1.5 times the length err the tire width direction of the at least one first closed sipe;
the length in the tire circumferential direction of the at least one second closed sipe is not less than 1.5 times the length in the tire width direction of the at least one second closed sipe; and
the length in the tire circumferential direction of the at least one third closed sipe is not less than 1.5 times the length in the tire width direction of the at least one third closed sipe. 3. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 wherein the second rib has at least one pair of second slits that extend in the tire circumferential direction and that open into the second pair of major grooves, the at least one second closed sipe being arranged in interposed fashion between. the at least one pair of second slits; and wherein the third rib has at least one pair of third slits that extend in the tire circumferential direction and that open into the third pair of major grooves, the at least one third closed sipe being arranged in interposed fashion between the at least one pair of third slits. 4. The pneumatic tire according to claim 3 wherein length in the tire circumferential direction of each of the second slits is not less than 0.8 but not greater than 1.2 times length in the tire width direction of each of the second slits; and wherein length in the tire circumferential direction of each of the third slits is not less than 0.8 but not greater than 1.2 times length in the tire width direction of each of the third slits. 5. The pneumatic tire according to claim 3 wherein, as seen when projected onto an equatorial plane, at least one of the second slits and at least one of the third slits at least partially mutually overlap to create at least one overlapping region; and wherein, as seen when projected onto the equatorial plane, at least a portion of the at least one first closed sipe lies within the at least one overlapping region. 6. The pneumatic tire according to claim 5 wherein, as seen when projected onto the equatorial plane, the at least one first closed sipe lies entirely within the at least one overlapping region. 7. The pneumatic tire according to claim 5 wherein, as seen when projected onto the equatorial plane, length in the tire circumferential direction of the at least one overlapping region is not less than 40% but not greater than 80% of length in the tire circumferential direction of the at least one second slit and of the at least one third slit that appear to mutually overlap as seen when projected onto the equatorial plane. 8. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 wherein the first pair of major grooves respectively extend in zigzag fashion in the tire circumferential direction such that at least one groove wall of the first pair of major grooves has at least one convex groove wall portion and at least one concave groove wall portion; wherein each of the first pair of major grooves has a greater groove width at a base thereof than at an opening thereof, and wherein at least one shelf portion protrudes from the groove base at the at least one concave groove wall portion. | 2,800 |
341,138 | 16,801,437 | 1,796 | The invention relates to a polymer fibre with improved dispersibility, a method for producing said fibre and the use of said fibre. The polymer fibre according to the invention comprises at least one synthetic polymer and 0.1 and 20 wt. % of a silicone. The polymer forming the fibre forms a solid dispersion medium at room temperature (25° C.) for the silicone present in solid form also at room temperature (25° C.) which forms the more disperse phase. The polymer fibre according to the invention possesses an improved dispersibility and is therefore suitable for producing aqueous suspensions which are used, for example, in the formation of textile fabrics, e.g. nonwovens. | 1. A polymer fiber comprises: at least one synthetic polymer which is solid at room temperature (25° C.) with between 0.1 and 20 wt. % of a dispersion medium mixed into the at least one synthetic polymer, the dispersion medium comprises a high-molecular non-cross-linked linear silicone polymer which has a dynamic viscosity measured at 25° C. in accordance with DIN 53018 of at least 10,000 Pa*s, and high-molecular is a mean molecular weight of at least 100,000 g/mol. 2. The polymer fibre according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic polymer is a thermoplastic polymer. 3. The polymer fibre according to claim 2, wherein the thermoplastic polymer is a thermoplastic polycondensate. 4. The polymer fibre according to claim 3, wherein the thermoplastic polycondensate is a biopolymer. 5. The polymer fibre according to claim 4, wherein the biopolymer is a lactic acid. 6. The polymer fibre according to claim 5, wherein the lactic acid is a polylactic acid with a number average molecular weight (Mn) is between 10,000 g/mol and 500,000 g/mol. 7. The polymer fibre according to claim 5, wherein the lactic acid is a polylactic acid with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) is between 30,000 g/mol and 500,000 g/mol. 8. The polymer fibre according to claim 1, wherein the silicone comprises linear polysiloxanes. 9. The polymer fibre according to claim 1, wherein the silicone polymer has a dynamic viscosity measured at 25° C. in accordance with DIN 53018 of at least 10,000 Pa*s and a maximum of 60,000 Pa*s. 10. The polymer fibre according to claim 9, wherein the dynamic viscosity is at least 15,000 Pa*s. 11. The polymer fibre according to claim 9, wherein the dynamic viscosity is at least 17,500 Pa*s. 12. The polymer fibre according to claim 1, wherein the silicone polymer has a kinematic viscosity measured at 25° C. of at least 10,000,000 cSt, and a maximum of 60,000,000 cSt. 13. The polymer fibre according to claim 12, wherein the kinematic viscosity is at least 15,000,000 cSt 14. The polymer fibre according to claim 12, wherein the kinematic viscosity is at least 17,500,000 cSt 15. The polymer fibre according to claim 1, wherein the silicone polymer has an average molecular weight is at least 150,000 g/mol and a maximum average molecular weight of up to 900,000 g/mol. 16. The polymer fibre according to claim 15, wherein the average molecular weight is at least 200,000 g/mol. 17. The polymer fibre according to claim 1, wherein the fibre has a titre between 0.3 and 30 dtex, and the fibre is a staple fibre or a crimped staple fibre. 18. The polymer fibre according to claim 1, wherein the fibre is a bicomponent fibre with a core and a cladding, the cladding comprises: at least one synthetic polymer which is solid at room temperature (25° C.) with between 0.1 and 20 wt. % of a solid dispersion medium mixed into the at least one synthetic polymer, the solid dispersion medium comprises a high-molecular non-cross-linked linear silicone polymer which has a dynamic viscosity measured at 25° C. in accordance with DIN 53018 of at least 10,000 Pa*s, and high-molecular is a mean molecular weight of at least 100,000 g/mol. 19. The polymer fibre according to claim 1, wherein the dispersion medium comprises between 0.5 and 3 wt. % silicone as solid disperse phase. 20. A textile fabric comprising the polymer fiber of claim 1. 21. The fabric according to claim 20, wherein the fabric is a nonwoven. 22. The fabric according to claim 21, wherein the nonwoven is a wet laid nonwoven. 23. A method of producing an aqueous suspension comprises the step of:
providing the fibre of claim 1. | The invention relates to a polymer fibre with improved dispersibility, a method for producing said fibre and the use of said fibre. The polymer fibre according to the invention comprises at least one synthetic polymer and 0.1 and 20 wt. % of a silicone. The polymer forming the fibre forms a solid dispersion medium at room temperature (25° C.) for the silicone present in solid form also at room temperature (25° C.) which forms the more disperse phase. The polymer fibre according to the invention possesses an improved dispersibility and is therefore suitable for producing aqueous suspensions which are used, for example, in the formation of textile fabrics, e.g. nonwovens.1. A polymer fiber comprises: at least one synthetic polymer which is solid at room temperature (25° C.) with between 0.1 and 20 wt. % of a dispersion medium mixed into the at least one synthetic polymer, the dispersion medium comprises a high-molecular non-cross-linked linear silicone polymer which has a dynamic viscosity measured at 25° C. in accordance with DIN 53018 of at least 10,000 Pa*s, and high-molecular is a mean molecular weight of at least 100,000 g/mol. 2. The polymer fibre according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic polymer is a thermoplastic polymer. 3. The polymer fibre according to claim 2, wherein the thermoplastic polymer is a thermoplastic polycondensate. 4. The polymer fibre according to claim 3, wherein the thermoplastic polycondensate is a biopolymer. 5. The polymer fibre according to claim 4, wherein the biopolymer is a lactic acid. 6. The polymer fibre according to claim 5, wherein the lactic acid is a polylactic acid with a number average molecular weight (Mn) is between 10,000 g/mol and 500,000 g/mol. 7. The polymer fibre according to claim 5, wherein the lactic acid is a polylactic acid with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) is between 30,000 g/mol and 500,000 g/mol. 8. The polymer fibre according to claim 1, wherein the silicone comprises linear polysiloxanes. 9. The polymer fibre according to claim 1, wherein the silicone polymer has a dynamic viscosity measured at 25° C. in accordance with DIN 53018 of at least 10,000 Pa*s and a maximum of 60,000 Pa*s. 10. The polymer fibre according to claim 9, wherein the dynamic viscosity is at least 15,000 Pa*s. 11. The polymer fibre according to claim 9, wherein the dynamic viscosity is at least 17,500 Pa*s. 12. The polymer fibre according to claim 1, wherein the silicone polymer has a kinematic viscosity measured at 25° C. of at least 10,000,000 cSt, and a maximum of 60,000,000 cSt. 13. The polymer fibre according to claim 12, wherein the kinematic viscosity is at least 15,000,000 cSt 14. The polymer fibre according to claim 12, wherein the kinematic viscosity is at least 17,500,000 cSt 15. The polymer fibre according to claim 1, wherein the silicone polymer has an average molecular weight is at least 150,000 g/mol and a maximum average molecular weight of up to 900,000 g/mol. 16. The polymer fibre according to claim 15, wherein the average molecular weight is at least 200,000 g/mol. 17. The polymer fibre according to claim 1, wherein the fibre has a titre between 0.3 and 30 dtex, and the fibre is a staple fibre or a crimped staple fibre. 18. The polymer fibre according to claim 1, wherein the fibre is a bicomponent fibre with a core and a cladding, the cladding comprises: at least one synthetic polymer which is solid at room temperature (25° C.) with between 0.1 and 20 wt. % of a solid dispersion medium mixed into the at least one synthetic polymer, the solid dispersion medium comprises a high-molecular non-cross-linked linear silicone polymer which has a dynamic viscosity measured at 25° C. in accordance with DIN 53018 of at least 10,000 Pa*s, and high-molecular is a mean molecular weight of at least 100,000 g/mol. 19. The polymer fibre according to claim 1, wherein the dispersion medium comprises between 0.5 and 3 wt. % silicone as solid disperse phase. 20. A textile fabric comprising the polymer fiber of claim 1. 21. The fabric according to claim 20, wherein the fabric is a nonwoven. 22. The fabric according to claim 21, wherein the nonwoven is a wet laid nonwoven. 23. A method of producing an aqueous suspension comprises the step of:
providing the fibre of claim 1. | 1,700 |
341,139 | 16,801,452 | 1,796 | A dental scanning system and a method of visualizing and simulating the outcome of a dental procedure is provided. The system and method allows for the registration of scan data of the patient's face with scan data of the patients teeth. This allows for visualization and simulation of the outcome of a dental procedure. The system may include a device having a paddle with retroreflective targets that is held in the patient's mouth. The system may further include a helmet with retroreflective targets. The device and paddle is used in combination with a model of the user's teeth to register scans of the teeth models to the scans of the patient's face. | 1. A method of providing visualization and simulation of a dental procedure, the method comprising:
in a first instance, scanning a patients face with a three-dimensional (3D) scanning device to generate a first point cloud; inserting a device in the patients mouth, the device having a tray with an impression material disposed thereon, a paddle is operably coupled to the tray, the paddle having a plurality of targets thereon; in a second instance, scanning the patients face with the 3D scanning device with the device inserted to generate a second point cloud; in a third instance, scanning a model of the patients teeth with the 3D scanning device based at least in part on the impression material to generate a third point cloud; registering the third point cloud to the first point cloud based at least in part on the second point cloud; and displaying the registered third point cloud and first point cloud on a display. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
inserting the device onto the model; and in a fourth instance, scanning the model and the device with the 3D scanning device and generating a fourth point cloud, wherein the registering of the third point cloud and first point cloud is further based at least in part on the fourth point cloud. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
placing a helmet on the patients head after scanning the patients face with the device inserted, the helmet having at least one member having a plurality of targets; in a fifth instance, scanning the patient and the helmet with the 3D scanning device to generate a fifth point cloud, wherein the registering of the third point cloud and the first point cloud is based at least in part on the fifth point cloud. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising affixing an arm to at least one tooth, the arm having a second paddle with a plurality of targets thereon. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
moving the patients jaw; and scanning the patient and the second paddle with the 3D scanning device while the patients jaw is moving to determine the position of the second paddle during movement. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein second paddle is the paddle. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the movement of the jaw is a movement to one or more of directions comprising: a lateral right; a lateral left; a protrusion, a retrusion, a mouth opening, or a free movement. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the registration of the third point cloud to the first point cloud is based at least in part on at least one of a best fit based on natural features and an Iterative Closest Point (ICP) method. 9. A system for visualization and simulation of a dental procedure for a patient, the system comprising:
a 3D scanning device configured to optically measure coordinates on surfaces to generate a point cloud; a device having a tray and a paddle, the tray having an impression material, the paddle having a plurality of targets thereon; one or more processors responsive to executable computer instructions for performing a method comprising:
in a first instance, scanning the patients face with the 3D scanning device to generate a first point cloud;
inserting the device in the patients mouth;
in a second instance, scanning the patients face with the 3D scanning device with the device inserted to generate a second point cloud;
in a third instance, scanning a model of the patients teeth based at least in part on the impression material with the 3D scanning device to generate a third point cloud;
registering the third point cloud to the first point cloud based at least in part on the second point cloud; and
displaying the registered third point cloud and first point cloud on a display. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises:
in a fourth instance, scanning the model with the device inserted on the model with the 3D scanning device and generating a fourth point cloud, wherein the registering of the third point cloud and first point cloud is further based at least in part on the fourth point cloud. 11. The system of claim 9, further comprising:
a helmet sized to fit on the patients head, the helmet having at least one member with a plurality of targets disposed thereon; wherein the method further comprises:
in a fifth instance, scanning the patient and with the helmet disposed on their head with the 3D scanning device to generate a fifth point cloud,
wherein the registering of the third point cloud and the first point cloud is based at least in part on the fifth point cloud. 12. The system of claim 9, further comprising an arm a first end and a second end, the first end being configured to attach to a tooth of the patient, the second end being attached to a second paddle, the second paddle having a plurality of targets thereon. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the method further comprises:
scanning with the 3D scanner the patient and the second paddle with the 3D scanning device while the patient moves their jaw; and determining the position of the second paddle while the patient moves their jaw. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the movement of the jaw is a movement to one or more directions comprising: a lateral right; a lateral left; a protrusion, a retrusion, a mouth opening, or a free movement. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the registration of the third point cloud to the first point cloud is based at least in part on at least one of a best fit based on natural features and an Iterative Closest Point (ICP) method. 16. A method of providing visualization and simulation of a dental procedure, the method comprising:
scanning with a noncontact 3D scanner the patients face at rest to generate a first point cloud; scanning with the noncontact 3D scanner the patients face smiling to generate a second point cloud; inserting a device in the patients mouth, the device having a tray with a first impression material disposed thereon, the tray being disposed against the patients upper jaw, a paddle is operably coupled to the tray, the paddle having a plurality of targets thereon; scanning the patients face with the tray disposed on the patients upper jaw with the noncontact 3D scanner to generate a third point cloud; inserting the device in the patients mount with tray having a second impression material disposed thereon, the tray being disposed against the patients lower jaw; scanning the patients face with the tray disposed on the patients lower jaw with the noncontact 3D scanner to generate a fourth point cloud; generating a first physical model of the patients teeth based in part on the first impression material; generating a second physical model of the patients teeth based in part on the second impression material; scanning with the first physical model with the with the noncontact 3D scanner to generate a fifth point cloud; scanning the second physical model with the with the noncontact 3D scanner to generate a sixth point cloud; scanning a combination of the first physical model and second physical model with the with the noncontact 3D scanner to generate a seventh point cloud; registering the first point cloud and the second point cloud based at least in part on the third point cloud and the fourth point cloud; registering the fifth point cloud and sixth point cloud based at least in part on the seventh point cloud; registering the registered first point cloud and the second point cloud with the registered fifth point cloud and sixth point cloud; and displaying the registered first point cloud, second point cloud, fifth point cloud and sixth point cloud on a display. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
scanning a combination of the first physical model and second physical model with the tray operably disposed on one of the upper jaw or lower jaw with the with the noncontact 3D scanner to generate an eighth point cloud, and wherein the registration of the registered first point cloud and the second point cloud with the registered fifth point cloud and sixth point cloud is based at least in part on the eighth point cloud. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
placing a helmet on the patients head after scanning the patients face with the device inserted, the helmet having at least one member having a plurality of targets; and scanning the patient and the helmet with the noncontact 3D scanner to generate a ninth point cloud, wherein the registration of the registered first point cloud and the second point cloud with the registered fifth point cloud and sixth point cloud is further based at least in part on the ninth point cloud. | A dental scanning system and a method of visualizing and simulating the outcome of a dental procedure is provided. The system and method allows for the registration of scan data of the patient's face with scan data of the patients teeth. This allows for visualization and simulation of the outcome of a dental procedure. The system may include a device having a paddle with retroreflective targets that is held in the patient's mouth. The system may further include a helmet with retroreflective targets. The device and paddle is used in combination with a model of the user's teeth to register scans of the teeth models to the scans of the patient's face.1. A method of providing visualization and simulation of a dental procedure, the method comprising:
in a first instance, scanning a patients face with a three-dimensional (3D) scanning device to generate a first point cloud; inserting a device in the patients mouth, the device having a tray with an impression material disposed thereon, a paddle is operably coupled to the tray, the paddle having a plurality of targets thereon; in a second instance, scanning the patients face with the 3D scanning device with the device inserted to generate a second point cloud; in a third instance, scanning a model of the patients teeth with the 3D scanning device based at least in part on the impression material to generate a third point cloud; registering the third point cloud to the first point cloud based at least in part on the second point cloud; and displaying the registered third point cloud and first point cloud on a display. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
inserting the device onto the model; and in a fourth instance, scanning the model and the device with the 3D scanning device and generating a fourth point cloud, wherein the registering of the third point cloud and first point cloud is further based at least in part on the fourth point cloud. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
placing a helmet on the patients head after scanning the patients face with the device inserted, the helmet having at least one member having a plurality of targets; in a fifth instance, scanning the patient and the helmet with the 3D scanning device to generate a fifth point cloud, wherein the registering of the third point cloud and the first point cloud is based at least in part on the fifth point cloud. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising affixing an arm to at least one tooth, the arm having a second paddle with a plurality of targets thereon. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
moving the patients jaw; and scanning the patient and the second paddle with the 3D scanning device while the patients jaw is moving to determine the position of the second paddle during movement. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein second paddle is the paddle. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the movement of the jaw is a movement to one or more of directions comprising: a lateral right; a lateral left; a protrusion, a retrusion, a mouth opening, or a free movement. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the registration of the third point cloud to the first point cloud is based at least in part on at least one of a best fit based on natural features and an Iterative Closest Point (ICP) method. 9. A system for visualization and simulation of a dental procedure for a patient, the system comprising:
a 3D scanning device configured to optically measure coordinates on surfaces to generate a point cloud; a device having a tray and a paddle, the tray having an impression material, the paddle having a plurality of targets thereon; one or more processors responsive to executable computer instructions for performing a method comprising:
in a first instance, scanning the patients face with the 3D scanning device to generate a first point cloud;
inserting the device in the patients mouth;
in a second instance, scanning the patients face with the 3D scanning device with the device inserted to generate a second point cloud;
in a third instance, scanning a model of the patients teeth based at least in part on the impression material with the 3D scanning device to generate a third point cloud;
registering the third point cloud to the first point cloud based at least in part on the second point cloud; and
displaying the registered third point cloud and first point cloud on a display. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises:
in a fourth instance, scanning the model with the device inserted on the model with the 3D scanning device and generating a fourth point cloud, wherein the registering of the third point cloud and first point cloud is further based at least in part on the fourth point cloud. 11. The system of claim 9, further comprising:
a helmet sized to fit on the patients head, the helmet having at least one member with a plurality of targets disposed thereon; wherein the method further comprises:
in a fifth instance, scanning the patient and with the helmet disposed on their head with the 3D scanning device to generate a fifth point cloud,
wherein the registering of the third point cloud and the first point cloud is based at least in part on the fifth point cloud. 12. The system of claim 9, further comprising an arm a first end and a second end, the first end being configured to attach to a tooth of the patient, the second end being attached to a second paddle, the second paddle having a plurality of targets thereon. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the method further comprises:
scanning with the 3D scanner the patient and the second paddle with the 3D scanning device while the patient moves their jaw; and determining the position of the second paddle while the patient moves their jaw. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the movement of the jaw is a movement to one or more directions comprising: a lateral right; a lateral left; a protrusion, a retrusion, a mouth opening, or a free movement. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the registration of the third point cloud to the first point cloud is based at least in part on at least one of a best fit based on natural features and an Iterative Closest Point (ICP) method. 16. A method of providing visualization and simulation of a dental procedure, the method comprising:
scanning with a noncontact 3D scanner the patients face at rest to generate a first point cloud; scanning with the noncontact 3D scanner the patients face smiling to generate a second point cloud; inserting a device in the patients mouth, the device having a tray with a first impression material disposed thereon, the tray being disposed against the patients upper jaw, a paddle is operably coupled to the tray, the paddle having a plurality of targets thereon; scanning the patients face with the tray disposed on the patients upper jaw with the noncontact 3D scanner to generate a third point cloud; inserting the device in the patients mount with tray having a second impression material disposed thereon, the tray being disposed against the patients lower jaw; scanning the patients face with the tray disposed on the patients lower jaw with the noncontact 3D scanner to generate a fourth point cloud; generating a first physical model of the patients teeth based in part on the first impression material; generating a second physical model of the patients teeth based in part on the second impression material; scanning with the first physical model with the with the noncontact 3D scanner to generate a fifth point cloud; scanning the second physical model with the with the noncontact 3D scanner to generate a sixth point cloud; scanning a combination of the first physical model and second physical model with the with the noncontact 3D scanner to generate a seventh point cloud; registering the first point cloud and the second point cloud based at least in part on the third point cloud and the fourth point cloud; registering the fifth point cloud and sixth point cloud based at least in part on the seventh point cloud; registering the registered first point cloud and the second point cloud with the registered fifth point cloud and sixth point cloud; and displaying the registered first point cloud, second point cloud, fifth point cloud and sixth point cloud on a display. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
scanning a combination of the first physical model and second physical model with the tray operably disposed on one of the upper jaw or lower jaw with the with the noncontact 3D scanner to generate an eighth point cloud, and wherein the registration of the registered first point cloud and the second point cloud with the registered fifth point cloud and sixth point cloud is based at least in part on the eighth point cloud. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
placing a helmet on the patients head after scanning the patients face with the device inserted, the helmet having at least one member having a plurality of targets; and scanning the patient and the helmet with the noncontact 3D scanner to generate a ninth point cloud, wherein the registration of the registered first point cloud and the second point cloud with the registered fifth point cloud and sixth point cloud is further based at least in part on the ninth point cloud. | 1,700 |
341,140 | 16,801,441 | 1,796 | A self-activating catalyst for treating heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks that comprises a calcined particle treated with a sulfoxide compound in the presence of hydrogen. The calcined particle comprises a co-mulled mixture made by co-mulling inorganic oxide powder, molybdenum trioxide powder, and a nickel compound and then forming the co-mulled mixture into a particle that is calcined to thereby provide the calcined particle. The calcined particle comprises from 1 to 10 weight percent molybdenum and nickel that is present in an amount such that the weight ratio of said nickel-to-molybdenum is less than 0.4. The calcined particle has a pore size distribution that contributes to the unique properties of the catalyst. The enhanced self-activating catalyst is used in the hydroprocessing of heavy residue feedstocks that have high nickel, vanadium and sulfur concentrations. | 1. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst for treating heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks, wherein said catalyst comprises:
a calcined particle treated with a sulfoxide compound in the presence of hydrogen, wherein said calcined particle comprises a co-mulled mixture made by co-mulling inorganic oxide powder, molybdenum trioxide powder, and a nickel compound that is formed into a particle of said co-mulled mixture that is thereafter calcined; wherein said calcined particle comprises molybdenum in an amount from 1 to 10 weight percent, nickel in an amount such that the weight ratio of nickel-to-molybdenum is less than 0.4; and wherein said weight percents are for the metal and on the basis of the total weight of the calcined particle. 2. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst as recited in claim 1, wherein the treatment of said calcined particle is conducted by contacting said calcined particle with a petroleum-derived hydrocarbon feedstock, having a concentration of said sulfoxide compound such that the sulfur content of said petroleum-derived hydrocarbon feedstock contributed by said sulfoxide compound is in the range of from 0.1 to 8 wt. % of the total weight of the petroleum-derived hydrocarbon feedstock at a LHSV in the range of from 0.01 hr−1 to 10 hr−1 and in the presence of said molecular hydrogen in an amount such that the molar ratio of said molecular hydrogen-to-said petroleum-derived hydrocarbon feedstock is in the range of from 0.1 to 100 moles H2/moles hydrocarbon and under treatment conditions such that the treating temperature is in the range of from 120° C. (248° F.) to 370° C. (698° F.) and the treating pressure is in the range of from 250 psia to 2500 psia and for a period of time sufficient to provide said self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst. 3. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst as recited in claim 2, wherein said sulfoxide compound is selected from chemical compounds having the following formula: R1—S(═O)n—R2, wherein,
R1 is an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
R2 is alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; 4. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst as recited in claim 3, wherein said desire pore structure includes a pore size distribution such that:
less than 70% of the total pore volume of said calcined particle is in the pores having a diameter in the range of from 70 Å to 150 Å; at least 10% of the total pore volume of said calcined particle is in the pores having a diameter in the range of from 130 Å to 300 Å; and from 1% to 10% of the total pore volume of said calcined particle is in the pores having a diameter greater 1,000 Å. 5. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst as recited in claim 4, wherein said calcined particle comprises molybdenum in an amount that is at least 2 weight percent and less than 9.5 weight percent of the total particle based on the molybdenum metal. 6. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst as recited in claim 5, wherein said calcined particle comprises less than 0.1 weight percent cobalt based as metal and based on the total weight of said calcined particle. 7. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst as recited in claim 6, wherein said sulfoxide compound is selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide, diethyl sulfide, methyl ethyl sulfoxide, and sulfolane. 8. A process for hydrotreating a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock, wherein said process comprises:
contacting under suitable hydroprocessing reaction conditions a self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst, comprising: a calcined particle treated with a sulfoxide compound in the presence of hydrogen, wherein said calcined particle comprises a co-mulled mixture made by co-mulling inorganic oxide powder, molybdenum trioxide powder, and a nickel compound that is formed into a particle of said co-mulled mixture that is thereafter calcined; wherein said calcined particle comprises molybdenum in an amount from 1 to 10 weight percent, nickel in an amount such that the weight ratio of nickel-to-molybdenum is less than 0.4; and wherein said weight percents are for the metal and on the basis of the total weight of the calcined particle. 9. A process as recited in claim 8, wherein the treatment of said calcined particle is conducted by contacting said calcined particle with a petroleum derived hydrocarbon feedstock, having a concentration of said sulfoxide compound such that the sulfur content of said petroleum-derived hydrocarbon feedstock contributed by said sulfoxide compound is in the range of from 0.1 to 8 wt. % of the total weight of the petroleum-derived hydrocarbon feedstock at a LHSV in the range of from 0.01 hr−1 to 10 hr−1 and in the presence of said molecular hydrogen in an amount such that the molar ratio of said molecular hydrogen-to-said petroleum-derived hydrocarbon feedstock is in the range of from 0.1 to 100 moles H2/moles hydrocarbon and under treatment conditions such that the treating temperature is in the range of from 120° C. (248° F.) to 370° C. (698° F.) and the treating pressure is in the range of from 250 psia to 2500 psia and for a period of time sufficient to provide said self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst. 10. A process as recited in claim 9, wherein said sulfoxide compound is selected from chemical compounds having the following formula: R1—S(═O)n—R2, wherein,
R1 is an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
R2 is alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
n is either 1 or 2; and
R1 and R2 may or may not be bonded together to form a cyclic molecule. 11. A process as recited in claim 10, wherein said desire pore structure includes a pore size distribution such that:
less than 70% of the total pore volume of said calcined particle is in the pores having a diameter in the range of from 70 Å to 150 Å; at least 10% of the total pore volume of said calcined particle is in the pores having a diameter in the range of from 130 Å to 300 Å; and from 1% to 10% of the total pore volume of said calcined particle is in the pores having a diameter greater 1,000 Å. 12. A process as recited in claim 11, wherein said calcined particle comprises molybdenum in an amount that is at least 2 weight percent and less than 9.5 weight percent of the total particle based on the molybdenum metal. 13. A process as recited in claim 12, wherein said calcined particle comprises less than 0.1 weight percent cobalt based as metal and based on the total weight of said calcined particle. 14. A process as recited in claim 13, wherein said sulfoxide compound is selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide, diethyl sulfide, methyl ethyl sulfoxide, and sulfolane. 15. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst having enhanced activity made by a method comprising:
co-mulling an inorganic oxide powder, finely divided particles of molybdenum trioxide, and a nickel compound to provide a co-mulled mixture; 16. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst, as recited in claim 15, wherein said treating step comprises:
contacting said calcined particle with a crude oil distillation cut, having a concentration of said sulfoxide compound such that the sulfur content of said crude oil distillation cut contributed by said sulfoxide compound is in the range of from 0.1 to 8 wt. % of the total weight of said crude oil distillation cut at a liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) in the range of from 0.01 lit′ to 10 lit′ and in the presence of said molecular hydrogen in an amount such that the molar ratio of said molecular hydrogen-to-said crude oil distillation cut is in the range of from 0.1 to 100 moles H2/moles hydrocarbon and under treatment conditions such that the treating temperature is in the range of from 120° C. (248° F.) to 370° C. (698° F.) and the treating pressure is in the range of from 250 psia to 2500 psia and for a period of time sufficient to provide said self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst. 17. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst as recited in claim 16, wherein said sulfoxide compound is selected from chemical compounds having the following formula: R1—S(═O)n—R2, wherein,
R1 is an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
R2 is alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
n is either 1 or 2; and
R1 and R2 may or may not be bonded together to form a cyclic molecule. 18. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst as recited in claim 17, wherein said controlled temperature condition includes a calcination temperature is in the range of from about 700° C. to 790° C. for a calcination time period that is effective to provide said calcined particle having said desired pore structure. 19. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst as recited in claim 18, wherein said desired pore structure includes a pore size distribution such that:
from 50% to 70% of the total pore volume of said calcined particle is in the pores having a diameter in the range of from 70 Å to 150 Å; at least 10% of the total pore volume of said calcined particle is in the pores having a diameter in the range of from 130 Å to 300 Å; and from 1% to 10% of the total pore volume of said calcined particle is in the pores having a diameter greater 1,000 Å. | A self-activating catalyst for treating heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks that comprises a calcined particle treated with a sulfoxide compound in the presence of hydrogen. The calcined particle comprises a co-mulled mixture made by co-mulling inorganic oxide powder, molybdenum trioxide powder, and a nickel compound and then forming the co-mulled mixture into a particle that is calcined to thereby provide the calcined particle. The calcined particle comprises from 1 to 10 weight percent molybdenum and nickel that is present in an amount such that the weight ratio of said nickel-to-molybdenum is less than 0.4. The calcined particle has a pore size distribution that contributes to the unique properties of the catalyst. The enhanced self-activating catalyst is used in the hydroprocessing of heavy residue feedstocks that have high nickel, vanadium and sulfur concentrations.1. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst for treating heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks, wherein said catalyst comprises:
a calcined particle treated with a sulfoxide compound in the presence of hydrogen, wherein said calcined particle comprises a co-mulled mixture made by co-mulling inorganic oxide powder, molybdenum trioxide powder, and a nickel compound that is formed into a particle of said co-mulled mixture that is thereafter calcined; wherein said calcined particle comprises molybdenum in an amount from 1 to 10 weight percent, nickel in an amount such that the weight ratio of nickel-to-molybdenum is less than 0.4; and wherein said weight percents are for the metal and on the basis of the total weight of the calcined particle. 2. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst as recited in claim 1, wherein the treatment of said calcined particle is conducted by contacting said calcined particle with a petroleum-derived hydrocarbon feedstock, having a concentration of said sulfoxide compound such that the sulfur content of said petroleum-derived hydrocarbon feedstock contributed by said sulfoxide compound is in the range of from 0.1 to 8 wt. % of the total weight of the petroleum-derived hydrocarbon feedstock at a LHSV in the range of from 0.01 hr−1 to 10 hr−1 and in the presence of said molecular hydrogen in an amount such that the molar ratio of said molecular hydrogen-to-said petroleum-derived hydrocarbon feedstock is in the range of from 0.1 to 100 moles H2/moles hydrocarbon and under treatment conditions such that the treating temperature is in the range of from 120° C. (248° F.) to 370° C. (698° F.) and the treating pressure is in the range of from 250 psia to 2500 psia and for a period of time sufficient to provide said self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst. 3. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst as recited in claim 2, wherein said sulfoxide compound is selected from chemical compounds having the following formula: R1—S(═O)n—R2, wherein,
R1 is an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
R2 is alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; 4. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst as recited in claim 3, wherein said desire pore structure includes a pore size distribution such that:
less than 70% of the total pore volume of said calcined particle is in the pores having a diameter in the range of from 70 Å to 150 Å; at least 10% of the total pore volume of said calcined particle is in the pores having a diameter in the range of from 130 Å to 300 Å; and from 1% to 10% of the total pore volume of said calcined particle is in the pores having a diameter greater 1,000 Å. 5. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst as recited in claim 4, wherein said calcined particle comprises molybdenum in an amount that is at least 2 weight percent and less than 9.5 weight percent of the total particle based on the molybdenum metal. 6. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst as recited in claim 5, wherein said calcined particle comprises less than 0.1 weight percent cobalt based as metal and based on the total weight of said calcined particle. 7. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst as recited in claim 6, wherein said sulfoxide compound is selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide, diethyl sulfide, methyl ethyl sulfoxide, and sulfolane. 8. A process for hydrotreating a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock, wherein said process comprises:
contacting under suitable hydroprocessing reaction conditions a self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst, comprising: a calcined particle treated with a sulfoxide compound in the presence of hydrogen, wherein said calcined particle comprises a co-mulled mixture made by co-mulling inorganic oxide powder, molybdenum trioxide powder, and a nickel compound that is formed into a particle of said co-mulled mixture that is thereafter calcined; wherein said calcined particle comprises molybdenum in an amount from 1 to 10 weight percent, nickel in an amount such that the weight ratio of nickel-to-molybdenum is less than 0.4; and wherein said weight percents are for the metal and on the basis of the total weight of the calcined particle. 9. A process as recited in claim 8, wherein the treatment of said calcined particle is conducted by contacting said calcined particle with a petroleum derived hydrocarbon feedstock, having a concentration of said sulfoxide compound such that the sulfur content of said petroleum-derived hydrocarbon feedstock contributed by said sulfoxide compound is in the range of from 0.1 to 8 wt. % of the total weight of the petroleum-derived hydrocarbon feedstock at a LHSV in the range of from 0.01 hr−1 to 10 hr−1 and in the presence of said molecular hydrogen in an amount such that the molar ratio of said molecular hydrogen-to-said petroleum-derived hydrocarbon feedstock is in the range of from 0.1 to 100 moles H2/moles hydrocarbon and under treatment conditions such that the treating temperature is in the range of from 120° C. (248° F.) to 370° C. (698° F.) and the treating pressure is in the range of from 250 psia to 2500 psia and for a period of time sufficient to provide said self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst. 10. A process as recited in claim 9, wherein said sulfoxide compound is selected from chemical compounds having the following formula: R1—S(═O)n—R2, wherein,
R1 is an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
R2 is alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
n is either 1 or 2; and
R1 and R2 may or may not be bonded together to form a cyclic molecule. 11. A process as recited in claim 10, wherein said desire pore structure includes a pore size distribution such that:
less than 70% of the total pore volume of said calcined particle is in the pores having a diameter in the range of from 70 Å to 150 Å; at least 10% of the total pore volume of said calcined particle is in the pores having a diameter in the range of from 130 Å to 300 Å; and from 1% to 10% of the total pore volume of said calcined particle is in the pores having a diameter greater 1,000 Å. 12. A process as recited in claim 11, wherein said calcined particle comprises molybdenum in an amount that is at least 2 weight percent and less than 9.5 weight percent of the total particle based on the molybdenum metal. 13. A process as recited in claim 12, wherein said calcined particle comprises less than 0.1 weight percent cobalt based as metal and based on the total weight of said calcined particle. 14. A process as recited in claim 13, wherein said sulfoxide compound is selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide, diethyl sulfide, methyl ethyl sulfoxide, and sulfolane. 15. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst having enhanced activity made by a method comprising:
co-mulling an inorganic oxide powder, finely divided particles of molybdenum trioxide, and a nickel compound to provide a co-mulled mixture; 16. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst, as recited in claim 15, wherein said treating step comprises:
contacting said calcined particle with a crude oil distillation cut, having a concentration of said sulfoxide compound such that the sulfur content of said crude oil distillation cut contributed by said sulfoxide compound is in the range of from 0.1 to 8 wt. % of the total weight of said crude oil distillation cut at a liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) in the range of from 0.01 lit′ to 10 lit′ and in the presence of said molecular hydrogen in an amount such that the molar ratio of said molecular hydrogen-to-said crude oil distillation cut is in the range of from 0.1 to 100 moles H2/moles hydrocarbon and under treatment conditions such that the treating temperature is in the range of from 120° C. (248° F.) to 370° C. (698° F.) and the treating pressure is in the range of from 250 psia to 2500 psia and for a period of time sufficient to provide said self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst. 17. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst as recited in claim 16, wherein said sulfoxide compound is selected from chemical compounds having the following formula: R1—S(═O)n—R2, wherein,
R1 is an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
R2 is alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
n is either 1 or 2; and
R1 and R2 may or may not be bonded together to form a cyclic molecule. 18. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst as recited in claim 17, wherein said controlled temperature condition includes a calcination temperature is in the range of from about 700° C. to 790° C. for a calcination time period that is effective to provide said calcined particle having said desired pore structure. 19. A self-activating hydroprocessing catalyst as recited in claim 18, wherein said desired pore structure includes a pore size distribution such that:
from 50% to 70% of the total pore volume of said calcined particle is in the pores having a diameter in the range of from 70 Å to 150 Å; at least 10% of the total pore volume of said calcined particle is in the pores having a diameter in the range of from 130 Å to 300 Å; and from 1% to 10% of the total pore volume of said calcined particle is in the pores having a diameter greater 1,000 Å. | 1,700 |
341,141 | 16,801,472 | 1,796 | To provide a sprocket that reduces the influence of tension fluctuations concurrent with load torque changes to suppress noise and vibration and that allows for a weight reduction while retaining high strength as well as enables high productivity, and a drive mechanism that uses this sprocket. Sprocket teeth are configured by providing a cushioning layer on tooth faces of tooth portions of a sprocket base body made of a high-rigidity material. The sprocket teeth include the cushioning layer that varies in thickness. | 1. A sprocket formed with a plurality of sprocket teeth that mesh with a chain, the sprocket comprising:
a sprocket base body made of a high-rigidity material and formed with a plurality of tooth portions on a circumferential surface thereof, and a cushioning layer provided at least on a tooth face of each of the plurality of tooth portions and forming the sprocket teeth together with the tooth portions, the sprocket teeth including the cushioning layer that varies in thickness. 2. The sprocket according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of tooth portions on the sprocket base body have an identical shape and are formed with an equal pitch on a pitch circle around a rotation center of the sprocket. 3. The sprocket according to claim 1, wherein the cushioning layer is provided such as to have a circumferentially continuously changing thickness, and the plurality of sprocket teeth are arranged such that there is a wave-like phase variation pattern wherein a phase of engagement between the teeth and the chain is advanced and retarded relative to a zero position where equidistant sprocket teeth are in phase with the chain. 4. The sprocket according to claim 3, wherein the phase variation pattern includes a cycle of increase and decrease repeated a plurality of times, the cycle of increase and decrease having a period that is continuously reduced or increased in a circumferential direction. 5. The sprocket according to claim 3, wherein the phase variation pattern includes a cycle of increase and decrease repeated a plurality of times, the cycle of increase and decrease containing a portion identical to a cycle of major changes in torque. 6. The sprocket according to claim 1, wherein the cushioning layer is provided such that a tooth tip of a tooth portion of the sprocket base body is positioned on a radially outer side relative to a normal line of a tooth face of a sprocket tooth at a meshing contact point between this sprocket tooth and the chain. 7. A drive mechanism comprising a plurality of sprockets and a chain passed over the plurality of sprockets,
at least one of the sprockets being the sprocket according to claim 1. | To provide a sprocket that reduces the influence of tension fluctuations concurrent with load torque changes to suppress noise and vibration and that allows for a weight reduction while retaining high strength as well as enables high productivity, and a drive mechanism that uses this sprocket. Sprocket teeth are configured by providing a cushioning layer on tooth faces of tooth portions of a sprocket base body made of a high-rigidity material. The sprocket teeth include the cushioning layer that varies in thickness.1. A sprocket formed with a plurality of sprocket teeth that mesh with a chain, the sprocket comprising:
a sprocket base body made of a high-rigidity material and formed with a plurality of tooth portions on a circumferential surface thereof, and a cushioning layer provided at least on a tooth face of each of the plurality of tooth portions and forming the sprocket teeth together with the tooth portions, the sprocket teeth including the cushioning layer that varies in thickness. 2. The sprocket according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of tooth portions on the sprocket base body have an identical shape and are formed with an equal pitch on a pitch circle around a rotation center of the sprocket. 3. The sprocket according to claim 1, wherein the cushioning layer is provided such as to have a circumferentially continuously changing thickness, and the plurality of sprocket teeth are arranged such that there is a wave-like phase variation pattern wherein a phase of engagement between the teeth and the chain is advanced and retarded relative to a zero position where equidistant sprocket teeth are in phase with the chain. 4. The sprocket according to claim 3, wherein the phase variation pattern includes a cycle of increase and decrease repeated a plurality of times, the cycle of increase and decrease having a period that is continuously reduced or increased in a circumferential direction. 5. The sprocket according to claim 3, wherein the phase variation pattern includes a cycle of increase and decrease repeated a plurality of times, the cycle of increase and decrease containing a portion identical to a cycle of major changes in torque. 6. The sprocket according to claim 1, wherein the cushioning layer is provided such that a tooth tip of a tooth portion of the sprocket base body is positioned on a radially outer side relative to a normal line of a tooth face of a sprocket tooth at a meshing contact point between this sprocket tooth and the chain. 7. A drive mechanism comprising a plurality of sprockets and a chain passed over the plurality of sprockets,
at least one of the sprockets being the sprocket according to claim 1. | 1,700 |
341,142 | 16,801,329 | 1,796 | Implementations of this specification provide blockchain-based payment withholding operations. An example method performed by a blockchain node includes receiving a withholding transaction from a payment system connected to a blockchain, the withholding transaction having been constructed by the payment system in response to detecting a withholding request whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain; in response to receiving the withholding transaction, invoking verification logic declared in a smart contract, to verify whether the withholding information complies with a withholding rule for a target account between the payment system and a withholding requester; and after verifying that the withholding information complies with the withholding rule, generating a verification success event that causes the payment system to perform deduction processing on the target account based on the withholding information. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving, by a blockchain node of a blockchain, a withholding transaction from a payment system connected to the blockchain, the withholding transaction having been constructed by the payment system in response to the payment system having detected a withholding request whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain, wherein the withholding transaction includes withholding information of a withholding requester for a target account identified in the withholding request; in response to receiving the withholding transaction, invoking, by the blockchain node, verification logic declared in a first smart contract published on the blockchain, to verify whether the withholding information complies with a withholding rule for the target account between the payment system and the withholding requester; and after verifying, by the blockchain node, that the withholding information complies with the withholding rule for the target account between the payment system and the withholding requester, generating, by the blockchain node, a verification success event that causes the payment system to perform deduction processing on the target account based on the withholding information, in response to the payment system detecting the verification success event. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein invoking the verification logic declared in the first smart contract published on the blockchain comprises:
invoking criteria verification logic declared in the first smart contract published on the blockchain, to determine whether the withholding information satisfies one or more withholding criteria that are set forth in a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the withholding requester; and in response to determining that the withholding information satisfies the one or more withholding criteria, invoking tripartite verification logic declared in a second smart contract published on the blockchain, to verify whether there is a tripartite agreement corresponding to the target account, wherein the tripartite agreement indicates that the target account authorizes the payment system to provide a payment withholding service for a payment order of the withholding requester for the target account. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein invoking tripartite verification logic declared in the second smart contract published on the blockchain comprises:
determining whether the tripartite agreement exists; and in response to determining that the tripartite agreement exists, determining whether the tripartite agreement is in an effective state. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the one or more withholding criteria comprises at least one of the following:
a withholding amount being within a predetermined amount range, a number of withholding times being within a predetermined range of times, or a withholding time point being within a predetermined time range. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the tripartite agreement has been published to the blockchain for certificate storage, and has been signed by a user of the target account, a third-party service system, and the payment system. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the verification success event is generated by the blockchain node after verifying that there is a tripartite agreement corresponding to the target account. 7. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a blockchain node of a blockchain, a withholding transaction from a payment system connected to the blockchain, the withholding transaction having been constructed by the payment system in response to the payment system having detected a withholding request whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain, wherein the withholding transaction includes withholding information of a withholding requester for a target account identified in the withholding request; in response to receiving the withholding transaction, invoking, by the blockchain node, verification logic declared in a first smart contract published on the blockchain, to verify whether the withholding information complies with a withholding rule for the target account between the payment system and the withholding requester; and after verifying, by the blockchain node, that the withholding information complies with the withholding rule for the target account between the payment system and the withholding requester, generating, by the blockchain node, a verification success event that causes the payment system to perform deduction processing on the target account based on the withholding information, in response to the payment system detecting the verification success event. 8. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein invoking the verification logic declared in the first smart contract published on the blockchain comprises:
invoking criteria verification logic declared in the first smart contract published on the blockchain, to determine whether the withholding information satisfies one or more withholding criteria that are set forth in a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the withholding requester; and in response to determining that the withholding information satisfies the one or more withholding criteria, invoking tripartite verification logic declared in a second smart contract published on the blockchain, to verify whether there is a tripartite agreement corresponding to the target account, wherein the tripartite agreement indicates that the target account authorizes the payment system to provide a payment withholding service for a payment order of the withholding requester for the target account. 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein invoking tripartite verification logic declared in the second smart contract published on the blockchain comprises:
determining whether the tripartite agreement exists; and in response to determining that the tripartite agreement exists, determining whether the tripartite agreement is in an effective state. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the one or more withholding criteria comprises at least one of the following:
a withholding amount being within a predetermined amount range, a number of withholding times being within a predetermined range of times, or a withholding time point being within a predetermined time range. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the tripartite agreement has been published to the blockchain for certificate storage, and has been signed by a user of the target account, a third-party service system, and the payment system. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the verification success event is generated by the blockchain node after verifying that there is a tripartite agreement corresponding to the target account. 13. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
receiving, by a blockchain node of a blockchain, a withholding transaction from a payment system connected to the blockchain, the withholding transaction having been constructed by the payment system in response to the payment system having detected a withholding request whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain, wherein the withholding transaction includes withholding information of a withholding requester for a target account identified in the withholding request;
in response to receiving the withholding transaction, invoking, by the blockchain node, verification logic declared in a first smart contract published on the blockchain, to verify whether the withholding information complies with a withholding rule for the target account between the payment system and the withholding requester; and
after verifying, by the blockchain node, that the withholding information complies with the withholding rule for the target account between the payment system and the withholding requester, generating, by the blockchain node, a verification success event that causes the payment system to perform deduction processing on the target account based on the withholding information, in response to the payment system detecting the verification success event. 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein invoking the verification logic declared in the first smart contract published on the blockchain comprises:
invoking criteria verification logic declared in the first smart contract published on the blockchain, to determine whether the withholding information satisfies one or more withholding criteria that are set forth in a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the withholding requester; and in response to determining that the withholding information satisfies the one or more withholding criteria, invoking tripartite verification logic declared in a second smart contract published on the blockchain, to verify whether there is a tripartite agreement corresponding to the target account, wherein the tripartite agreement indicates that the target account authorizes the payment system to provide a payment withholding service for a payment order of the withholding requester for the target account. 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, wherein invoking tripartite verification logic declared in the second smart contract published on the blockchain comprises:
determining whether the tripartite agreement exists; and in response to determining that the tripartite agreement exists, determining whether the tripartite agreement is in an effective state. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, wherein the one or more withholding criteria comprises at least one of the following:
a withholding amount being within a predetermined amount range, a number of withholding times being within a predetermined range of times, or a withholding time point being within a predetermined time range. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, wherein the tripartite agreement has been published to the blockchain for certificate storage, and has been signed by a user of the target account, a third-party service system, and the payment system. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, wherein the verification success event is generated by the blockchain node after verifying that there is a tripartite agreement corresponding to the target account. | Implementations of this specification provide blockchain-based payment withholding operations. An example method performed by a blockchain node includes receiving a withholding transaction from a payment system connected to a blockchain, the withholding transaction having been constructed by the payment system in response to detecting a withholding request whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain; in response to receiving the withholding transaction, invoking verification logic declared in a smart contract, to verify whether the withholding information complies with a withholding rule for a target account between the payment system and a withholding requester; and after verifying that the withholding information complies with the withholding rule, generating a verification success event that causes the payment system to perform deduction processing on the target account based on the withholding information.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving, by a blockchain node of a blockchain, a withholding transaction from a payment system connected to the blockchain, the withholding transaction having been constructed by the payment system in response to the payment system having detected a withholding request whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain, wherein the withholding transaction includes withholding information of a withholding requester for a target account identified in the withholding request; in response to receiving the withholding transaction, invoking, by the blockchain node, verification logic declared in a first smart contract published on the blockchain, to verify whether the withholding information complies with a withholding rule for the target account between the payment system and the withholding requester; and after verifying, by the blockchain node, that the withholding information complies with the withholding rule for the target account between the payment system and the withholding requester, generating, by the blockchain node, a verification success event that causes the payment system to perform deduction processing on the target account based on the withholding information, in response to the payment system detecting the verification success event. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein invoking the verification logic declared in the first smart contract published on the blockchain comprises:
invoking criteria verification logic declared in the first smart contract published on the blockchain, to determine whether the withholding information satisfies one or more withholding criteria that are set forth in a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the withholding requester; and in response to determining that the withholding information satisfies the one or more withholding criteria, invoking tripartite verification logic declared in a second smart contract published on the blockchain, to verify whether there is a tripartite agreement corresponding to the target account, wherein the tripartite agreement indicates that the target account authorizes the payment system to provide a payment withholding service for a payment order of the withholding requester for the target account. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein invoking tripartite verification logic declared in the second smart contract published on the blockchain comprises:
determining whether the tripartite agreement exists; and in response to determining that the tripartite agreement exists, determining whether the tripartite agreement is in an effective state. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the one or more withholding criteria comprises at least one of the following:
a withholding amount being within a predetermined amount range, a number of withholding times being within a predetermined range of times, or a withholding time point being within a predetermined time range. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the tripartite agreement has been published to the blockchain for certificate storage, and has been signed by a user of the target account, a third-party service system, and the payment system. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the verification success event is generated by the blockchain node after verifying that there is a tripartite agreement corresponding to the target account. 7. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a blockchain node of a blockchain, a withholding transaction from a payment system connected to the blockchain, the withholding transaction having been constructed by the payment system in response to the payment system having detected a withholding request whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain, wherein the withholding transaction includes withholding information of a withholding requester for a target account identified in the withholding request; in response to receiving the withholding transaction, invoking, by the blockchain node, verification logic declared in a first smart contract published on the blockchain, to verify whether the withholding information complies with a withholding rule for the target account between the payment system and the withholding requester; and after verifying, by the blockchain node, that the withholding information complies with the withholding rule for the target account between the payment system and the withholding requester, generating, by the blockchain node, a verification success event that causes the payment system to perform deduction processing on the target account based on the withholding information, in response to the payment system detecting the verification success event. 8. The computer-readable medium of claim 7, wherein invoking the verification logic declared in the first smart contract published on the blockchain comprises:
invoking criteria verification logic declared in the first smart contract published on the blockchain, to determine whether the withholding information satisfies one or more withholding criteria that are set forth in a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the withholding requester; and in response to determining that the withholding information satisfies the one or more withholding criteria, invoking tripartite verification logic declared in a second smart contract published on the blockchain, to verify whether there is a tripartite agreement corresponding to the target account, wherein the tripartite agreement indicates that the target account authorizes the payment system to provide a payment withholding service for a payment order of the withholding requester for the target account. 9. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein invoking tripartite verification logic declared in the second smart contract published on the blockchain comprises:
determining whether the tripartite agreement exists; and in response to determining that the tripartite agreement exists, determining whether the tripartite agreement is in an effective state. 10. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the one or more withholding criteria comprises at least one of the following:
a withholding amount being within a predetermined amount range, a number of withholding times being within a predetermined range of times, or a withholding time point being within a predetermined time range. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the tripartite agreement has been published to the blockchain for certificate storage, and has been signed by a user of the target account, a third-party service system, and the payment system. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the verification success event is generated by the blockchain node after verifying that there is a tripartite agreement corresponding to the target account. 13. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
receiving, by a blockchain node of a blockchain, a withholding transaction from a payment system connected to the blockchain, the withholding transaction having been constructed by the payment system in response to the payment system having detected a withholding request whose certificate has been stored on the blockchain, wherein the withholding transaction includes withholding information of a withholding requester for a target account identified in the withholding request;
in response to receiving the withholding transaction, invoking, by the blockchain node, verification logic declared in a first smart contract published on the blockchain, to verify whether the withholding information complies with a withholding rule for the target account between the payment system and the withholding requester; and
after verifying, by the blockchain node, that the withholding information complies with the withholding rule for the target account between the payment system and the withholding requester, generating, by the blockchain node, a verification success event that causes the payment system to perform deduction processing on the target account based on the withholding information, in response to the payment system detecting the verification success event. 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein invoking the verification logic declared in the first smart contract published on the blockchain comprises:
invoking criteria verification logic declared in the first smart contract published on the blockchain, to determine whether the withholding information satisfies one or more withholding criteria that are set forth in a withholding agreement signed between the payment system and the withholding requester; and in response to determining that the withholding information satisfies the one or more withholding criteria, invoking tripartite verification logic declared in a second smart contract published on the blockchain, to verify whether there is a tripartite agreement corresponding to the target account, wherein the tripartite agreement indicates that the target account authorizes the payment system to provide a payment withholding service for a payment order of the withholding requester for the target account. 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, wherein invoking tripartite verification logic declared in the second smart contract published on the blockchain comprises:
determining whether the tripartite agreement exists; and in response to determining that the tripartite agreement exists, determining whether the tripartite agreement is in an effective state. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, wherein the one or more withholding criteria comprises at least one of the following:
a withholding amount being within a predetermined amount range, a number of withholding times being within a predetermined range of times, or a withholding time point being within a predetermined time range. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, wherein the tripartite agreement has been published to the blockchain for certificate storage, and has been signed by a user of the target account, a third-party service system, and the payment system. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 14, wherein the verification success event is generated by the blockchain node after verifying that there is a tripartite agreement corresponding to the target account. | 1,700 |
341,143 | 16,801,435 | 1,796 | Techniques for profile clustering for homogenous instance analysis are described herein. An aspect includes collecting for each of a plurality of homogenous instances in a cloud computing environment, respective profiling information, the profiling information comprising counter data. Another aspect includes identifying a code unit for analysis. Another aspect includes aggregating counters corresponding to the code unit for each of the plurality of homogenous instances from the respective profiling information. Another aspect includes determining a cluster comprising a subset of the plurality of homogenous instances based on the aggregated counters. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
collecting, by a processor, for each of a plurality of homogenous instances in a cloud computing environment, respective profiling information, the profiling information comprising counter data; generating a map based on the collected profiling information, wherein the map comprises associations between process identifiers, code modules, and effective address ranges; identifying a code unit for analysis; aggregating counters corresponding to the code unit for each of the plurality of homogenous instances from the respective profiling information, wherein aggregating the counter data corresponding to the code unit comprises looking an effective address of sampled code in the code unit, and process identifier of the code unit, in the map; and determining a cluster comprising a subset of the plurality of homogenous instances based on the aggregated counters. 2. (canceled) 3. The method of claim 1, wherein aggregating the counter data corresponding to the code unit comprises:
determining whether to aggregate counter data by offset; based on determining not to aggregate counter data by offset, determining whether the code unit is hierarchical; and based on determining that the code unit is hierarchical:
aggregating the counter data at a plurality of levels associated with the code unit; and
determining a hotness by object for the code unit based on the aggregated counter data. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising, based on determining that the code unit is not hierarchical:
aggregating the counter data corresponding to the code unit at a single level; and determining a hotness by object for the code unit based on the aggregated counters. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising, based on determining to aggregate counter data by offset:
mapping the effective address to an offset in the code unit; aggregating the counter data based on the offset; and determining a hotness by line for the code unit based on the aggregated counters. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the counter data comprises one of ticks and cache misses. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising moving an instance of the plurality of homogenous instances from a first host to a second host in the cloud computing environment based on the determining of the cluster. 8. A system comprising:
a memory having computer readable instructions; and one or more processors for executing the computer readable instructions, the computer readable instructions controlling the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
collecting for each of a plurality of homogenous instances in a cloud computing environment, respective profiling information, the profiling information comprising counter data;
generating a map based on the collected profiling information, wherein the map comprises associations between process identifiers, code modules, and effective address ranges;
identifying a code unit for analysis;
aggregating counters corresponding to the code unit for each of the plurality of homogenous instances from the respective profiling information, wherein aggregating the counter data corresponding to the code unit comprises looking an effective address of sampled code in the code unit, and process identifier of the code unit, in the map; and
determining a cluster comprising a subset of the plurality of homogenous instances based on the aggregated counters. 9. (canceled) 10. The system of claim 8, wherein aggregating the counter data corresponding to the code unit comprises:
determining whether to aggregate counter data by offset; based on determining not to aggregate counter data by offset, determining whether the code unit is hierarchical; and based on determining that the code unit is hierarchical:
aggregating the counter data at a plurality of levels associated with the code unit; and
determining a hotness by object for the code unit based on the aggregated counter data. 11. The system of claim 10, further comprising, based on determining that the code unit is not hierarchical:
aggregating the counter data corresponding to the code unit at a single level; and determining a hotness by object for the code unit based on the aggregated counter data. 12. The system of claim 10, further comprising, based on determining to aggregate counter data by offset:
mapping the effective address to an offset in the code unit; aggregating the counter data based on the offset; and determining a hotness by line for the code unit based on the aggregated counter data. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the counter data comprises one of ticks and cache misses. 14. The system of claim 8, further comprising moving an instance of the plurality of homogenous instances from a first host to a second host in the cloud computing environment based on the determining of the cluster. 15. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
collecting for each of a plurality of homogenous instances in a cloud computing environment, respective profiling information, the profiling information comprising counter data; generating a map based on the collected profiling information, wherein the map comprises associations between process identifiers, code modules, and effective address ranges; identifying a code unit for analysis; aggregating counters corresponding to the code unit for each of the plurality of homogenous instances from the respective profiling information, wherein aggregating the counter data corresponding to the code unit comprises looking an effective address of sampled code in the code unit, and process identifier of the code unit, in the map; and determining a cluster comprising a subset of the plurality of homogenous instances based on the aggregated counters. 16. (canceled) 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein aggregating the counter data corresponding to the code unit comprises:
determining whether to aggregate counter data by offset; based on determining not to aggregate counter data by offset, determining whether the code unit is hierarchical; and based on determining that the code unit is hierarchical:
aggregating the counter data at a plurality of levels associated with the code unit; and
determining a hotness by object for the code unit based on the aggregated counters. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, further comprising, based on determining that the code unit is not hierarchical:
aggregating the counter data corresponding to the code unit at a single level; and determining a hotness by object for the code unit based on the aggregated counter data. 19. The computer program product of claim 17, further comprising, based on determining to aggregate counter data by offset:
mapping the effective address to an offset in the code unit; aggregating the counter data based on the offset; and determining a hotness by line for the code unit based on the aggregated counter data. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the counter data comprises one of ticks and cache misses. | Techniques for profile clustering for homogenous instance analysis are described herein. An aspect includes collecting for each of a plurality of homogenous instances in a cloud computing environment, respective profiling information, the profiling information comprising counter data. Another aspect includes identifying a code unit for analysis. Another aspect includes aggregating counters corresponding to the code unit for each of the plurality of homogenous instances from the respective profiling information. Another aspect includes determining a cluster comprising a subset of the plurality of homogenous instances based on the aggregated counters.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
collecting, by a processor, for each of a plurality of homogenous instances in a cloud computing environment, respective profiling information, the profiling information comprising counter data; generating a map based on the collected profiling information, wherein the map comprises associations between process identifiers, code modules, and effective address ranges; identifying a code unit for analysis; aggregating counters corresponding to the code unit for each of the plurality of homogenous instances from the respective profiling information, wherein aggregating the counter data corresponding to the code unit comprises looking an effective address of sampled code in the code unit, and process identifier of the code unit, in the map; and determining a cluster comprising a subset of the plurality of homogenous instances based on the aggregated counters. 2. (canceled) 3. The method of claim 1, wherein aggregating the counter data corresponding to the code unit comprises:
determining whether to aggregate counter data by offset; based on determining not to aggregate counter data by offset, determining whether the code unit is hierarchical; and based on determining that the code unit is hierarchical:
aggregating the counter data at a plurality of levels associated with the code unit; and
determining a hotness by object for the code unit based on the aggregated counter data. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising, based on determining that the code unit is not hierarchical:
aggregating the counter data corresponding to the code unit at a single level; and determining a hotness by object for the code unit based on the aggregated counters. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising, based on determining to aggregate counter data by offset:
mapping the effective address to an offset in the code unit; aggregating the counter data based on the offset; and determining a hotness by line for the code unit based on the aggregated counters. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the counter data comprises one of ticks and cache misses. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising moving an instance of the plurality of homogenous instances from a first host to a second host in the cloud computing environment based on the determining of the cluster. 8. A system comprising:
a memory having computer readable instructions; and one or more processors for executing the computer readable instructions, the computer readable instructions controlling the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
collecting for each of a plurality of homogenous instances in a cloud computing environment, respective profiling information, the profiling information comprising counter data;
generating a map based on the collected profiling information, wherein the map comprises associations between process identifiers, code modules, and effective address ranges;
identifying a code unit for analysis;
aggregating counters corresponding to the code unit for each of the plurality of homogenous instances from the respective profiling information, wherein aggregating the counter data corresponding to the code unit comprises looking an effective address of sampled code in the code unit, and process identifier of the code unit, in the map; and
determining a cluster comprising a subset of the plurality of homogenous instances based on the aggregated counters. 9. (canceled) 10. The system of claim 8, wherein aggregating the counter data corresponding to the code unit comprises:
determining whether to aggregate counter data by offset; based on determining not to aggregate counter data by offset, determining whether the code unit is hierarchical; and based on determining that the code unit is hierarchical:
aggregating the counter data at a plurality of levels associated with the code unit; and
determining a hotness by object for the code unit based on the aggregated counter data. 11. The system of claim 10, further comprising, based on determining that the code unit is not hierarchical:
aggregating the counter data corresponding to the code unit at a single level; and determining a hotness by object for the code unit based on the aggregated counter data. 12. The system of claim 10, further comprising, based on determining to aggregate counter data by offset:
mapping the effective address to an offset in the code unit; aggregating the counter data based on the offset; and determining a hotness by line for the code unit based on the aggregated counter data. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the counter data comprises one of ticks and cache misses. 14. The system of claim 8, further comprising moving an instance of the plurality of homogenous instances from a first host to a second host in the cloud computing environment based on the determining of the cluster. 15. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
collecting for each of a plurality of homogenous instances in a cloud computing environment, respective profiling information, the profiling information comprising counter data; generating a map based on the collected profiling information, wherein the map comprises associations between process identifiers, code modules, and effective address ranges; identifying a code unit for analysis; aggregating counters corresponding to the code unit for each of the plurality of homogenous instances from the respective profiling information, wherein aggregating the counter data corresponding to the code unit comprises looking an effective address of sampled code in the code unit, and process identifier of the code unit, in the map; and determining a cluster comprising a subset of the plurality of homogenous instances based on the aggregated counters. 16. (canceled) 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein aggregating the counter data corresponding to the code unit comprises:
determining whether to aggregate counter data by offset; based on determining not to aggregate counter data by offset, determining whether the code unit is hierarchical; and based on determining that the code unit is hierarchical:
aggregating the counter data at a plurality of levels associated with the code unit; and
determining a hotness by object for the code unit based on the aggregated counters. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, further comprising, based on determining that the code unit is not hierarchical:
aggregating the counter data corresponding to the code unit at a single level; and determining a hotness by object for the code unit based on the aggregated counter data. 19. The computer program product of claim 17, further comprising, based on determining to aggregate counter data by offset:
mapping the effective address to an offset in the code unit; aggregating the counter data based on the offset; and determining a hotness by line for the code unit based on the aggregated counter data. 20. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the counter data comprises one of ticks and cache misses. | 1,700 |
341,144 | 16,801,482 | 2,677 | A system and method for maintaining and optimizing a fleet of multifunction peripherals is operated by use of a smartphone. The smartphone provides recommendations to configure multifunction peripherals or other equipment fleets to avoid service calls. The smartphone is configured to allow a user to review device status for a fleet of multifunction peripherals so that the user knows which multifunction peripherals will need attention. The system provides the user with alerts of issues, with predictions before issues occur, and with a prescription for what to do so that the user can resolve the issue themselves. The system further provides recommendations based on needs, usage, and other customer usage or purchase data to allow the user to review multifunction peripherals, purchase services, install options and configure devices in the fleet for optimization. | 1. A system comprising:
a data interface configured to receive device status data from each of a plurality of multifunction peripherals, the device status data corresponding to one or more of installed software, installed software versions, installed hardware, device configuration, consumable levels, device usage levels, device errors or device alerts; a memory storing fleet data comprising device status data for each of the multifunction peripherals; a processor configured to send fleet data to an associated server via the data interface; wherein the processor further configured to receive, responsive to sending of the fleet data, for each of the multifunction peripherals, report data corresponding to predictive device failures, suggested device maintenance and suggested device modifications, wherein the processor is further configured to display report data on an associated user interface. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to display the report data including recommended software modification to one or more multifunction peripherals. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to display the report data including recommended hardware modification to one or more multifunction peripherals. 4. The system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to display the report data including recommended device settings modification to one or more multifunction peripherals. 5. The system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to display the report data including dashboard data associated with the fleet data. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to display the report data including one or more failure predictions for an identified multifunction peripheral. 7. The system of claim 1 wherein the data interface is further configured to receive software installation instructions or device reconfiguration instructions responsive to sending of the fleet data. 8. The system of claim 7 wherein the processor is further configured to direct installation of software or reconfiguration of one or more multifunction peripherals in accordance with received instructions. 9. A method comprising:
receiving, into a data interface, device status data from each of a plurality of multifunction peripherals, the device status data corresponding to one or more of installed software, installed software versions, installed hardware, device configuration, consumable levels, device usage levels, device errors or device alerts; storing configuration data comprising device status data for each of the multifunction peripherals. sending fleet data to an associated server via the data interface; receiving, responsive to sending fleet data, for each of the multifunction peripherals, report data corresponding to predictive device failures, suggested device maintenance and suggested device modifications; displaying report data on an associated interface. 10. The method of claim 9 further comprising displaying the report data including recommended software modification to one or more multifunction peripherals. 11. The method of claim 9 further comprising displaying the report data including recommended hardware modification to one or more multifunction peripherals. 12. The method of claim 9 further comprising displaying the report data including recommended device settings modification to one or more multifunction peripherals. 13. The method of claim 9 further comprising displaying the report data including dashboard data associated with the fleet data. 14. The method of claim 9 further comprising generating the report data including one or more failure predictions for an identified multifunction peripheral. 15. The method of claim 9 further comprising receiving software installation instructions or device reconfiguration instructions responsive to sending of the fleet data. 16. The method of claim 15 further comprising directing installation of software or reconfiguration of one or more multifunction peripherals in accordance with received instructions. 17. A system comprising:
memory; a user interface including a user input and a display; a data interface; and a processor,
the processor configured to retrieve device status data from each of a plurality of multifunction peripherals,
the processor further configured to generate fleet data corresponding to device status data retrieved from each of the multifunction peripherals,
the processor further configured to send generated fleet data to an associated server via the data interface,
the processor further configured to receive multifunction peripheral modification suggestion data from the associated server responsive to sending the fleet data,
the processor further configured to generate a display of multifunction peripheral modification options, corresponding to received modification suggestion data, on the display,
the processor further configured to receive user instructions responsive to displayed modification options, and
the processor further configured to send device reconfiguration instructions to the multifunction peripherals in accordance with received user instructions. 18. The system of claim 17 wherein the device status data includes one or more of multifunction peripheral hardware configuration data, software configuration data or device settings data. 19. The system of claim 18 wherein
hardware configuration data reflects configuration of one or more of a finisher, paper tray, NFC reader, keyboard or scanner,
software configuration data reflects one or more of firmware properties or software properties,
device settings data reflects one or more of security settings, power use settings or accessibility settings, and
device status data further includes one or more of a consumable level, device alert or device error condition. 20. The system of claim 19 wherein device reconfiguration instructions include one or more of device setting changes, device software changes or device hardware changes. | A system and method for maintaining and optimizing a fleet of multifunction peripherals is operated by use of a smartphone. The smartphone provides recommendations to configure multifunction peripherals or other equipment fleets to avoid service calls. The smartphone is configured to allow a user to review device status for a fleet of multifunction peripherals so that the user knows which multifunction peripherals will need attention. The system provides the user with alerts of issues, with predictions before issues occur, and with a prescription for what to do so that the user can resolve the issue themselves. The system further provides recommendations based on needs, usage, and other customer usage or purchase data to allow the user to review multifunction peripherals, purchase services, install options and configure devices in the fleet for optimization.1. A system comprising:
a data interface configured to receive device status data from each of a plurality of multifunction peripherals, the device status data corresponding to one or more of installed software, installed software versions, installed hardware, device configuration, consumable levels, device usage levels, device errors or device alerts; a memory storing fleet data comprising device status data for each of the multifunction peripherals; a processor configured to send fleet data to an associated server via the data interface; wherein the processor further configured to receive, responsive to sending of the fleet data, for each of the multifunction peripherals, report data corresponding to predictive device failures, suggested device maintenance and suggested device modifications, wherein the processor is further configured to display report data on an associated user interface. 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to display the report data including recommended software modification to one or more multifunction peripherals. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to display the report data including recommended hardware modification to one or more multifunction peripherals. 4. The system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to display the report data including recommended device settings modification to one or more multifunction peripherals. 5. The system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to display the report data including dashboard data associated with the fleet data. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to display the report data including one or more failure predictions for an identified multifunction peripheral. 7. The system of claim 1 wherein the data interface is further configured to receive software installation instructions or device reconfiguration instructions responsive to sending of the fleet data. 8. The system of claim 7 wherein the processor is further configured to direct installation of software or reconfiguration of one or more multifunction peripherals in accordance with received instructions. 9. A method comprising:
receiving, into a data interface, device status data from each of a plurality of multifunction peripherals, the device status data corresponding to one or more of installed software, installed software versions, installed hardware, device configuration, consumable levels, device usage levels, device errors or device alerts; storing configuration data comprising device status data for each of the multifunction peripherals. sending fleet data to an associated server via the data interface; receiving, responsive to sending fleet data, for each of the multifunction peripherals, report data corresponding to predictive device failures, suggested device maintenance and suggested device modifications; displaying report data on an associated interface. 10. The method of claim 9 further comprising displaying the report data including recommended software modification to one or more multifunction peripherals. 11. The method of claim 9 further comprising displaying the report data including recommended hardware modification to one or more multifunction peripherals. 12. The method of claim 9 further comprising displaying the report data including recommended device settings modification to one or more multifunction peripherals. 13. The method of claim 9 further comprising displaying the report data including dashboard data associated with the fleet data. 14. The method of claim 9 further comprising generating the report data including one or more failure predictions for an identified multifunction peripheral. 15. The method of claim 9 further comprising receiving software installation instructions or device reconfiguration instructions responsive to sending of the fleet data. 16. The method of claim 15 further comprising directing installation of software or reconfiguration of one or more multifunction peripherals in accordance with received instructions. 17. A system comprising:
memory; a user interface including a user input and a display; a data interface; and a processor,
the processor configured to retrieve device status data from each of a plurality of multifunction peripherals,
the processor further configured to generate fleet data corresponding to device status data retrieved from each of the multifunction peripherals,
the processor further configured to send generated fleet data to an associated server via the data interface,
the processor further configured to receive multifunction peripheral modification suggestion data from the associated server responsive to sending the fleet data,
the processor further configured to generate a display of multifunction peripheral modification options, corresponding to received modification suggestion data, on the display,
the processor further configured to receive user instructions responsive to displayed modification options, and
the processor further configured to send device reconfiguration instructions to the multifunction peripherals in accordance with received user instructions. 18. The system of claim 17 wherein the device status data includes one or more of multifunction peripheral hardware configuration data, software configuration data or device settings data. 19. The system of claim 18 wherein
hardware configuration data reflects configuration of one or more of a finisher, paper tray, NFC reader, keyboard or scanner,
software configuration data reflects one or more of firmware properties or software properties,
device settings data reflects one or more of security settings, power use settings or accessibility settings, and
device status data further includes one or more of a consumable level, device alert or device error condition. 20. The system of claim 19 wherein device reconfiguration instructions include one or more of device setting changes, device software changes or device hardware changes. | 2,600 |
341,145 | 16,801,467 | 2,677 | An imaging device including a pixel matrix and a processor is provided. The pixel matrix includes a plurality of phase detection pixels and a plurality of regular pixels. The processor performs autofocusing according to pixel data of the phase detection pixels, and determines an operating resolution of the regular pixels according to autofocused pixel data of the phase detection pixels, wherein the phase detection pixels are always-on pixels and the regular pixels are selectively turned on after the autofocusing is accomplished. | 1. An imaging device, comprising:
a condensing lens; an image sensor configured to detect light passing through the condensing lens and comprising a pixel matrix, wherein the pixel matrix comprises a plurality of phase detection pixel pairs and a plurality of regular pixels; and a processor configured to
turn on the phase detection pixel pairs for autofocusing and output autofocused pixel data after completing the autofocusing,
divide the autofocused pixel data into a first subframe and a second subframe,
calculate image features of at least one of the first subframe and the second subframe, wherein the image features comprise module widths of a finder pattern, and the finder pattern has a predetermined ratio, a Harr-like feature, or a Gabor feature, and
determine an operating resolution of the regular pixels according to the image features calculated from at least one of the first subframe and the second subframe divided from the autofocused pixel data. 2. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the phase detection pixel pairs comprises:
a first pixel and a second pixel; a cover layer covering upon a first region of the first pixel and upon a second region of the second pixel, wherein the first region and the second region are mirror symmetrical to each other; and a microlens aligned with at least one of the first pixel and the second pixel. 3. The imaging device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first region and the second region are 5% to 95% of an area of a single pixel. 4. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to perform the autofocusing using a dual pixel autofocus technique according to pixel data of the phase detection pixel pairs before completing the autofocusing. 5. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to
divide pixel data of the phase detection pixel pairs into a third subframe and a fourth subframe before completing the autofocusing, and perform the autofocusing according to the third subframe and the fourth subframe. 6. The imaging device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to calibrate brightness of the third subframe and the fourth subframe to be identical using a shading algorithm. 7. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operating resolution is selected as a first resolution smaller than a number of the regular pixels or as a second resolution larger than the first resolution. 8. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the regular pixels are turned off in the autofocusing. 9. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a number of the phase detection pixel pairs is smaller than that of the regular pixels. 10. An imaging device, comprising:
a condensing lens; an image sensor configured to detect light passing through the condensing lens and comprising a pixel matrix, wherein the pixel matrix comprises a plurality of phase detection pixel pairs and a plurality of regular pixels; and a processor configured to
turn on the phase detection pixel pairs for autofocusing and output autofocused pixel data after completing the autofocusing,
divide the autofocused pixel data into a first subframe and a second subframe,
calculate image features of at least one of the first subframe and the second subframe, wherein the image features comprise module widths of a finder pattern, and the finder pattern has a predetermined ratio, a Harr-like feature, or a Gabor feature, and
select an image decoding or an image recognition using pixel data of the regular pixels according to the image features calculated from at least one of the first subframe and the second subframe divided from the autofocused pixel data. 11. The imaging device as claimed in claim 10, wherein each of the phase detection pixel pairs comprises:
a first pixel and a second pixel; a cover layer covering upon a first region of the first pixel and upon a second region of the second pixel, wherein the first region and the second region are mirror symmetrical to each other; and a microlens aligned with at least one of the first pixel and the second pixel. 12. The imaging device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to perform the autofocusing using a dual pixel autofocus technique according to pixel data of the phase detection pixel pairs before completing the autofocusing. 13. The imaging device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to
divide the pixel data of the phase detection pixel pairs into a third subframe and a fourth subframe before completing the autofocusing, calibrate brightness of the third subframe and the fourth subframe to be identical using a shading algorithm, and perform the autofocusing according to the third subframe and the fourth subframe. 14. The imaging device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to calculate the image features using at least one of a rule based algorithm and a machine learning algorithm. 15. The imaging device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the image decoding is decoding QR codes, and the image recognition is face recognition. 16. An operating method of an imaging device, the imaging device comprising a plurality of phase detection pixel pairs and a plurality of regular pixels, the operating method comprising:
turning on the phase detection pixel pairs for autofocusing and outputting autofocused image frame after completing the autofocusing; dividing the autofocused image frame, acquired by the phase detection pixel pairs, into a first subframe and a second subframe; calculating image features of at least one of the first subframe and the second subframe, wherein the image feature comprise module widths of a finder pattern, and the finder pattern has a predetermined ratio, a Harr-like feature, or a Gabor feature; and selectively activating at least a part of the regular pixels according to the image features calculated from at least one of the first subframe and the second subframe divided from the autofocused image frame. 17. The operating method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the selectively activating comprises:
activating a first part of the regular pixels to perform an image decoding according to pixel data of the first part of the regular pixels; or activating all the regular pixels to perform an image recognition according to pixel data of the all regular pixels. 18. The operating method as claimed in claim 17, wherein pixel data of the phase detection pixel pairs captured in a same frame with the pixel data of the regular pixels is also used in performing the image decoding and the image recognition. 19. The operating method as claimed in claim 17, wherein the image decoding is decoding QR codes, and the image recognition is face recognition. 20. The operating method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the phase detection pixel pairs are partially covered pixels or have a structure of dual pixel. | An imaging device including a pixel matrix and a processor is provided. The pixel matrix includes a plurality of phase detection pixels and a plurality of regular pixels. The processor performs autofocusing according to pixel data of the phase detection pixels, and determines an operating resolution of the regular pixels according to autofocused pixel data of the phase detection pixels, wherein the phase detection pixels are always-on pixels and the regular pixels are selectively turned on after the autofocusing is accomplished.1. An imaging device, comprising:
a condensing lens; an image sensor configured to detect light passing through the condensing lens and comprising a pixel matrix, wherein the pixel matrix comprises a plurality of phase detection pixel pairs and a plurality of regular pixels; and a processor configured to
turn on the phase detection pixel pairs for autofocusing and output autofocused pixel data after completing the autofocusing,
divide the autofocused pixel data into a first subframe and a second subframe,
calculate image features of at least one of the first subframe and the second subframe, wherein the image features comprise module widths of a finder pattern, and the finder pattern has a predetermined ratio, a Harr-like feature, or a Gabor feature, and
determine an operating resolution of the regular pixels according to the image features calculated from at least one of the first subframe and the second subframe divided from the autofocused pixel data. 2. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the phase detection pixel pairs comprises:
a first pixel and a second pixel; a cover layer covering upon a first region of the first pixel and upon a second region of the second pixel, wherein the first region and the second region are mirror symmetrical to each other; and a microlens aligned with at least one of the first pixel and the second pixel. 3. The imaging device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first region and the second region are 5% to 95% of an area of a single pixel. 4. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to perform the autofocusing using a dual pixel autofocus technique according to pixel data of the phase detection pixel pairs before completing the autofocusing. 5. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to
divide pixel data of the phase detection pixel pairs into a third subframe and a fourth subframe before completing the autofocusing, and perform the autofocusing according to the third subframe and the fourth subframe. 6. The imaging device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to calibrate brightness of the third subframe and the fourth subframe to be identical using a shading algorithm. 7. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operating resolution is selected as a first resolution smaller than a number of the regular pixels or as a second resolution larger than the first resolution. 8. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the regular pixels are turned off in the autofocusing. 9. The imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a number of the phase detection pixel pairs is smaller than that of the regular pixels. 10. An imaging device, comprising:
a condensing lens; an image sensor configured to detect light passing through the condensing lens and comprising a pixel matrix, wherein the pixel matrix comprises a plurality of phase detection pixel pairs and a plurality of regular pixels; and a processor configured to
turn on the phase detection pixel pairs for autofocusing and output autofocused pixel data after completing the autofocusing,
divide the autofocused pixel data into a first subframe and a second subframe,
calculate image features of at least one of the first subframe and the second subframe, wherein the image features comprise module widths of a finder pattern, and the finder pattern has a predetermined ratio, a Harr-like feature, or a Gabor feature, and
select an image decoding or an image recognition using pixel data of the regular pixels according to the image features calculated from at least one of the first subframe and the second subframe divided from the autofocused pixel data. 11. The imaging device as claimed in claim 10, wherein each of the phase detection pixel pairs comprises:
a first pixel and a second pixel; a cover layer covering upon a first region of the first pixel and upon a second region of the second pixel, wherein the first region and the second region are mirror symmetrical to each other; and a microlens aligned with at least one of the first pixel and the second pixel. 12. The imaging device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to perform the autofocusing using a dual pixel autofocus technique according to pixel data of the phase detection pixel pairs before completing the autofocusing. 13. The imaging device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to
divide the pixel data of the phase detection pixel pairs into a third subframe and a fourth subframe before completing the autofocusing, calibrate brightness of the third subframe and the fourth subframe to be identical using a shading algorithm, and perform the autofocusing according to the third subframe and the fourth subframe. 14. The imaging device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to calculate the image features using at least one of a rule based algorithm and a machine learning algorithm. 15. The imaging device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the image decoding is decoding QR codes, and the image recognition is face recognition. 16. An operating method of an imaging device, the imaging device comprising a plurality of phase detection pixel pairs and a plurality of regular pixels, the operating method comprising:
turning on the phase detection pixel pairs for autofocusing and outputting autofocused image frame after completing the autofocusing; dividing the autofocused image frame, acquired by the phase detection pixel pairs, into a first subframe and a second subframe; calculating image features of at least one of the first subframe and the second subframe, wherein the image feature comprise module widths of a finder pattern, and the finder pattern has a predetermined ratio, a Harr-like feature, or a Gabor feature; and selectively activating at least a part of the regular pixels according to the image features calculated from at least one of the first subframe and the second subframe divided from the autofocused image frame. 17. The operating method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the selectively activating comprises:
activating a first part of the regular pixels to perform an image decoding according to pixel data of the first part of the regular pixels; or activating all the regular pixels to perform an image recognition according to pixel data of the all regular pixels. 18. The operating method as claimed in claim 17, wherein pixel data of the phase detection pixel pairs captured in a same frame with the pixel data of the regular pixels is also used in performing the image decoding and the image recognition. 19. The operating method as claimed in claim 17, wherein the image decoding is decoding QR codes, and the image recognition is face recognition. 20. The operating method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the phase detection pixel pairs are partially covered pixels or have a structure of dual pixel. | 2,600 |
341,146 | 16,801,449 | 2,677 | Disclosed are an active matrix-based electronic apparatus and a method of driving the same. More particularly, a pixel circuit of an electronic apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a light-emitting driver configured to apply a forward bias to a light-emitting device in an emission mode to control light to be emitted through the light-emitting device; a sensing driver configured to apply a non-forward bias to the light-emitting device in a sensing mode to control an electrical signal corresponding to light incident on the light-emitting device to be generated; and a reader configured to read intensity of light corresponding to the generated electrical signal. | 1. A pixel circuit of an electronic apparatus, the pixel circuit comprising:
a light-emitting driver configured to apply a forward bias to a light-emitting device in an emission mode to control light to be emitted through the light-emitting device; a sensing driver configured to apply a non-forward bias to the light-emitting device in a sensing mode to control an electrical signal corresponding to light incident on the light-emitting device to be generated; and a reader configured to read intensity of light corresponding to the generated electrical signal. 2. The pixel circuit according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting driver comprises a first transistor provided between a data line and a power source voltage line; and a second transistor connected to a drain terminal of the first transistor through a gate terminal and provided between the power source voltage line and an anode of the light-emitting device. 3. The pixel circuit according to claim 2, wherein the light-emitting driver further comprises a capacitor provided between the drain terminal of the first transistor and the power source voltage line. 4. The pixel circuit according to claim 2, wherein the sensing driver comprises a third transistor provided between a cathode of the light-emitting device and a ground voltage line; a fourth transistor provided between the ground voltage line and an anode of the light-emitting device; and a seventh transistor provided between the power source voltage line and the cathode of the light-emitting device. 5. The pixel circuit according to claim 2, wherein the sensing driver comprises a third transistor provided between a cathode of the light-emitting device and a first ground voltage lines; and a fourth transistor provided between an anode of the light-emitting device and a second ground voltage line. 6. The pixel circuit according to claim 5, wherein the first ground voltage line is applied with a first ground voltage that has a higher level than that of a second ground voltage applied through the second ground voltage line. 7. The pixel circuit according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting driver comprises a first transistor provided between a data line and a ground voltage line; and a second transistor connected to a source terminal of the first transistor through a gate terminal and provided between a cathode of the light-emitting device, which is connected to a power source voltage line through an anode, and the ground voltage line. 8. The pixel circuit according to claim 7, wherein the light-emitting driver further comprises a capacitor provided between the source terminal of the first transistor and the ground voltage line. 9. The pixel circuit according to claim 7, wherein the sensing driver comprises a third transistor provided between the cathode of the light-emitting device and the ground voltage line. 10. The pixel circuit according to claim 7, wherein the ground voltage line is applied with a second power source voltage that has a higher level than that of a first power source voltage applied to the power source voltage line, for a preset time section in the sensing mode. 11. The pixel circuit according to claim 1, wherein the reader comprises a source follower transistor, a fifth transistor, connected to a cathode of the light-emitting device through a gate terminal; and a sixth transistor provided between the fifth transistor and a read line. 12. The pixel circuit according to claim 1, wherein the sensing driver applies the non-forward bias to the light-emitting device to control the electrical signal corresponding to light emitted from an adjacent pixel to be generated. 13. A method of driving a pixel circuit of an electronic apparatus, the method comprising:
applying, by a light-emitting driver, a forward bias to a light-emitting device in an emission mode to control light to be emitted through the light-emitting device; applying, by a sensing driver, a non-forward bias to the light-emitting device in a sensing mode to control an electrical signal corresponding to light incident on the light-emitting device to be generated; and reading, by a reader, intensity of light corresponding to the generated electrical signal. 14. The method according to claim 13, in the applying of the non-forward bias, the non-forward bias is applied to the light-emitting device to control the electrical signal, which corresponds to light emitted from an adjacent pixel, to be generated. | Disclosed are an active matrix-based electronic apparatus and a method of driving the same. More particularly, a pixel circuit of an electronic apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a light-emitting driver configured to apply a forward bias to a light-emitting device in an emission mode to control light to be emitted through the light-emitting device; a sensing driver configured to apply a non-forward bias to the light-emitting device in a sensing mode to control an electrical signal corresponding to light incident on the light-emitting device to be generated; and a reader configured to read intensity of light corresponding to the generated electrical signal.1. A pixel circuit of an electronic apparatus, the pixel circuit comprising:
a light-emitting driver configured to apply a forward bias to a light-emitting device in an emission mode to control light to be emitted through the light-emitting device; a sensing driver configured to apply a non-forward bias to the light-emitting device in a sensing mode to control an electrical signal corresponding to light incident on the light-emitting device to be generated; and a reader configured to read intensity of light corresponding to the generated electrical signal. 2. The pixel circuit according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting driver comprises a first transistor provided between a data line and a power source voltage line; and a second transistor connected to a drain terminal of the first transistor through a gate terminal and provided between the power source voltage line and an anode of the light-emitting device. 3. The pixel circuit according to claim 2, wherein the light-emitting driver further comprises a capacitor provided between the drain terminal of the first transistor and the power source voltage line. 4. The pixel circuit according to claim 2, wherein the sensing driver comprises a third transistor provided between a cathode of the light-emitting device and a ground voltage line; a fourth transistor provided between the ground voltage line and an anode of the light-emitting device; and a seventh transistor provided between the power source voltage line and the cathode of the light-emitting device. 5. The pixel circuit according to claim 2, wherein the sensing driver comprises a third transistor provided between a cathode of the light-emitting device and a first ground voltage lines; and a fourth transistor provided between an anode of the light-emitting device and a second ground voltage line. 6. The pixel circuit according to claim 5, wherein the first ground voltage line is applied with a first ground voltage that has a higher level than that of a second ground voltage applied through the second ground voltage line. 7. The pixel circuit according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting driver comprises a first transistor provided between a data line and a ground voltage line; and a second transistor connected to a source terminal of the first transistor through a gate terminal and provided between a cathode of the light-emitting device, which is connected to a power source voltage line through an anode, and the ground voltage line. 8. The pixel circuit according to claim 7, wherein the light-emitting driver further comprises a capacitor provided between the source terminal of the first transistor and the ground voltage line. 9. The pixel circuit according to claim 7, wherein the sensing driver comprises a third transistor provided between the cathode of the light-emitting device and the ground voltage line. 10. The pixel circuit according to claim 7, wherein the ground voltage line is applied with a second power source voltage that has a higher level than that of a first power source voltage applied to the power source voltage line, for a preset time section in the sensing mode. 11. The pixel circuit according to claim 1, wherein the reader comprises a source follower transistor, a fifth transistor, connected to a cathode of the light-emitting device through a gate terminal; and a sixth transistor provided between the fifth transistor and a read line. 12. The pixel circuit according to claim 1, wherein the sensing driver applies the non-forward bias to the light-emitting device to control the electrical signal corresponding to light emitted from an adjacent pixel to be generated. 13. A method of driving a pixel circuit of an electronic apparatus, the method comprising:
applying, by a light-emitting driver, a forward bias to a light-emitting device in an emission mode to control light to be emitted through the light-emitting device; applying, by a sensing driver, a non-forward bias to the light-emitting device in a sensing mode to control an electrical signal corresponding to light incident on the light-emitting device to be generated; and reading, by a reader, intensity of light corresponding to the generated electrical signal. 14. The method according to claim 13, in the applying of the non-forward bias, the non-forward bias is applied to the light-emitting device to control the electrical signal, which corresponds to light emitted from an adjacent pixel, to be generated. | 2,600 |
341,147 | 16,801,468 | 2,677 | A marine vessel includes a hull including a cabin, an imager that images a field-of-view shielded region, which is a region in which a marine vessel operator's field of view is obstructed when the marine vessel operator located on an operation seat provided inside the cabin looks around an outside of the marine vessel in a horizontal direction, and a display provided at a position visible from the operation seat and that displays a field-of-view complement image, which is an image of the field-of-view shielded region captured by the imager. | 1. A marine vessel comprising:
a hull including a cabin; an imager that images a field-of-view shielded region, which is a region in which a marine vessel operator's field of view is obstructed when the marine vessel operator located on an operation seat provided inside the cabin looks around an outside of the marine vessel in a horizontal direction; and a display provided at a position visible from the operation seat and that displays a field-of-view complement image, which is an image of the field-of-view shielded region captured by the imager. 2. The marine vessel according to claim 1, wherein the display is located adjacent to or in a vicinity of the operation seat. 3. The marine vessel according to claim 1, wherein
the imager images at least a front portion of the field-of-view shielded region; and the display displays the field-of-view complement image including an image of the front portion of the field-of-view shielded region. 4. The marine vessel according to claim 3, wherein
the imager images a rear portion of the field-of-view shielded region in addition to the front portion of the field-of-view shielded region; and the display displays the field-of-view complement image including the image of the front portion of the field-of-view shielded region and an image of the rear portion of the field-of-view shielded region. 5. The marine vessel according to claim 3, wherein
the cabin includes a window in front of the operation seat; and the front portion of the field-of-view shielded region includes the region in which the marine vessel operator's field of view is obstructed when the marine vessel operator looks at the outside of the marine vessel in the horizontal direction from a height of a center point of the window in a vertical direction, the center point being located above the operation seat. 6. The marine vessel according to claim 5, wherein
the imager images a rear portion of the field-of-view shielded region in addition to the front portion of the field-of-view shielded region; the front portion of the field-of-view shielded region includes a first region obstructed by a front shield including a front pillar of the cabin; and the rear portion of the field-of-view shielded region includes a second region obstructed by a rear shield including a rear wall of the cabin. 7. The marine vessel according to claim 1, wherein a sum of angular ranges of the field-of-view shielded region in the horizontal direction around the operation seat in a plan view is about 90 degrees or more and about 360 degrees or less. 8. The marine vessel according to claim 7, wherein the sum of the angular ranges of the field-of-view shielded region is about 180 degrees or more and about 360 degrees or less. 9. The marine vessel according to claim 1, wherein a sum of angular ranges of the field-of-view shielded region in the horizontal direction around the operation seat in a plan view is about 60 degrees or more and about 180 degrees or less within the field-of-view shielded region forward of the operation seat. 10. The marine vessel according to claim 1, wherein a sum of angular ranges of the field-of-view shielded region in the horizontal direction around the operation seat in a plan view is about 60 degrees or more and about 180 degrees or less within the field-of-view shielded region rearward of the operation seat. 11. The marine vessel according to claim 1, wherein a sum of angular ranges of the field-of-view shielded region in the horizontal direction around the operation seat in a plan view is about 60 degrees or more and about 180 degrees or less within the field-of-view shielded region leftward or rightward of the operation seat. 12. The marine vessel according to claim 11, wherein the sum of the angular ranges of the field-of-view shielded region in the horizontal direction around the operation seat in the plan view is about 120 degrees or more and about 180 degrees or less within the field-of-view shielded region leftward or rightward of the operation seat. 13. The marine vessel according to claim 11, wherein the display is provided on a shield that generates the field-of-view shielded region. 14. The marine vessel according to claim 13, wherein the display displays the field-of-view complement image including the image of the field-of-view shielded region generated due to the shield on which the display is provided. 15. The marine vessel according to claim 13, wherein the display is provided on a surface of the shield on a side of the operation seat. 16. The marine vessel according to claim 1, wherein the display is provided inside the cabin at a position at which the display is viewable by the marine vessel operator located on the operation seat when the marine vessel operator looks at the outside of the marine vessel at least in a forward and horizontal direction. 17. The marine vessel according to claim 1, wherein the display is provided over an entire inner periphery of the cabin. 18. A marine vessel operation support device comprising:
an imager that images a field-of-view shielded region, which is a region in which a marine vessel operator's field of view is obstructed when the marine vessel operator located on an operation seat provided inside a cabin looks around an outside of a marine vessel in a horizontal direction; and a display provided at a position visible from the operation seat and that displays a field-of-view complement image, which is an image of the field-of-view shielded region captured by the imager. 19. The marine vessel operation support device according to claim 18, wherein the display is located adjacent to or in a vicinity of the operation seat. 20. The marine vessel operation support device according to claim 18, wherein
the imager images at least a front portion of the field-of-view shielded region; and the display displays the field-of-view complement image including an image of the front portion of the field-of-view shielded region. | A marine vessel includes a hull including a cabin, an imager that images a field-of-view shielded region, which is a region in which a marine vessel operator's field of view is obstructed when the marine vessel operator located on an operation seat provided inside the cabin looks around an outside of the marine vessel in a horizontal direction, and a display provided at a position visible from the operation seat and that displays a field-of-view complement image, which is an image of the field-of-view shielded region captured by the imager.1. A marine vessel comprising:
a hull including a cabin; an imager that images a field-of-view shielded region, which is a region in which a marine vessel operator's field of view is obstructed when the marine vessel operator located on an operation seat provided inside the cabin looks around an outside of the marine vessel in a horizontal direction; and a display provided at a position visible from the operation seat and that displays a field-of-view complement image, which is an image of the field-of-view shielded region captured by the imager. 2. The marine vessel according to claim 1, wherein the display is located adjacent to or in a vicinity of the operation seat. 3. The marine vessel according to claim 1, wherein
the imager images at least a front portion of the field-of-view shielded region; and the display displays the field-of-view complement image including an image of the front portion of the field-of-view shielded region. 4. The marine vessel according to claim 3, wherein
the imager images a rear portion of the field-of-view shielded region in addition to the front portion of the field-of-view shielded region; and the display displays the field-of-view complement image including the image of the front portion of the field-of-view shielded region and an image of the rear portion of the field-of-view shielded region. 5. The marine vessel according to claim 3, wherein
the cabin includes a window in front of the operation seat; and the front portion of the field-of-view shielded region includes the region in which the marine vessel operator's field of view is obstructed when the marine vessel operator looks at the outside of the marine vessel in the horizontal direction from a height of a center point of the window in a vertical direction, the center point being located above the operation seat. 6. The marine vessel according to claim 5, wherein
the imager images a rear portion of the field-of-view shielded region in addition to the front portion of the field-of-view shielded region; the front portion of the field-of-view shielded region includes a first region obstructed by a front shield including a front pillar of the cabin; and the rear portion of the field-of-view shielded region includes a second region obstructed by a rear shield including a rear wall of the cabin. 7. The marine vessel according to claim 1, wherein a sum of angular ranges of the field-of-view shielded region in the horizontal direction around the operation seat in a plan view is about 90 degrees or more and about 360 degrees or less. 8. The marine vessel according to claim 7, wherein the sum of the angular ranges of the field-of-view shielded region is about 180 degrees or more and about 360 degrees or less. 9. The marine vessel according to claim 1, wherein a sum of angular ranges of the field-of-view shielded region in the horizontal direction around the operation seat in a plan view is about 60 degrees or more and about 180 degrees or less within the field-of-view shielded region forward of the operation seat. 10. The marine vessel according to claim 1, wherein a sum of angular ranges of the field-of-view shielded region in the horizontal direction around the operation seat in a plan view is about 60 degrees or more and about 180 degrees or less within the field-of-view shielded region rearward of the operation seat. 11. The marine vessel according to claim 1, wherein a sum of angular ranges of the field-of-view shielded region in the horizontal direction around the operation seat in a plan view is about 60 degrees or more and about 180 degrees or less within the field-of-view shielded region leftward or rightward of the operation seat. 12. The marine vessel according to claim 11, wherein the sum of the angular ranges of the field-of-view shielded region in the horizontal direction around the operation seat in the plan view is about 120 degrees or more and about 180 degrees or less within the field-of-view shielded region leftward or rightward of the operation seat. 13. The marine vessel according to claim 11, wherein the display is provided on a shield that generates the field-of-view shielded region. 14. The marine vessel according to claim 13, wherein the display displays the field-of-view complement image including the image of the field-of-view shielded region generated due to the shield on which the display is provided. 15. The marine vessel according to claim 13, wherein the display is provided on a surface of the shield on a side of the operation seat. 16. The marine vessel according to claim 1, wherein the display is provided inside the cabin at a position at which the display is viewable by the marine vessel operator located on the operation seat when the marine vessel operator looks at the outside of the marine vessel at least in a forward and horizontal direction. 17. The marine vessel according to claim 1, wherein the display is provided over an entire inner periphery of the cabin. 18. A marine vessel operation support device comprising:
an imager that images a field-of-view shielded region, which is a region in which a marine vessel operator's field of view is obstructed when the marine vessel operator located on an operation seat provided inside a cabin looks around an outside of a marine vessel in a horizontal direction; and a display provided at a position visible from the operation seat and that displays a field-of-view complement image, which is an image of the field-of-view shielded region captured by the imager. 19. The marine vessel operation support device according to claim 18, wherein the display is located adjacent to or in a vicinity of the operation seat. 20. The marine vessel operation support device according to claim 18, wherein
the imager images at least a front portion of the field-of-view shielded region; and the display displays the field-of-view complement image including an image of the front portion of the field-of-view shielded region. | 2,600 |
341,148 | 16,801,466 | 2,677 | Disclosed herein are novel Pichia pastoris strains for expression of exogenous proteins with substantially homogeneous N-glycans. The strains are genetically engineered to include a mutant OCH1 allele which is transcribed into an mRNA coding for a mutant OCH1 gene product (i.e., α-1,6-mannosyltransferase, or “OCH1 protein”). The mutant OCH1protein contains a catalytic domain substantially identical to that of the wild type OCH1 protein, but lacks an N-terminal sequence necessary to target the OCH1 protein to the Golgi apparatus. The strains disclosed herein are robust, stable, and transformable, and the mutant OCH1 allele and the ability to produce substantially homogeneous N-glycans are maintained for generations after rounds of freezing and thawing and after subsequent transformations. | 1.-16. (canceled) 17. An engineered strain of Pichia pastoris, comprising:
a mutant OCH1 allele which is transcribed into a mRNA coding for a mutant OCH1 protein, wherein said mutant OCH1 protein comprises a catalytic domain that (i) comprises residues 45-404 of the wild type OCH1 protein of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or (ii) is at least 90% identical to the amino acids corresponding to residues 45-404 of the wild type OCH1 protein of SEQ ID NO: 2 and has α-1, 6-mannosyltransferase activity; wherein said mutant OCH1 protein lacks an N-terminal sequence for targeting the mutant OCH1 protein to the Golgi apparatus; and wherein said engineered strain has a mutant his gene. 18. The strain of claim 17, wherein the mutant his gene is a mutant his4 gene. 19. The strain of claim 17, wherein the mutant OCH1 protein lacks a membrane anchor domain at the N-terminal region. 20. The strain of claim 17, wherein said mutant OCH1 protein comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3. 21. The strain of claim 17, wherein said mutant OCH1 allele is present on a chromosome. 22. The strain of claim 21, wherein said mutant OCH1 allele replaces the wild type OCH1 allele at the OCH1 locus. 23. The strain of claim 17, wherein said mutant OCH1 allele is maintained on a plasmid, and wherein the wild type OCH1 allele on the chromosome has been disrupted. 24. The strain of claim 17, wherein said strain further comprises a nucleic acid coding for and expressing an α-1,2-mannosidase. 25. The strain of claim 24, wherein said nucleic acid coding for and expressing said α-1,2-mannosidase is integrated at the OCH1 locus of the strain. 26. The strain of claim 25, wherein said OCH1 locus comprises the nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. 27. The strain of claim 17, further comprising a nucleic acid coding for and expressing a heterologous protein. 28. A method of making recombinant proteins:
expressing a heterlogous protein in an engineered strain of Pichia pastoris a mutant OCH1 allele which is transcribed into a mRNA coding for a mutant OCH1 protein, wherein said mutant OCH1 protein comprises a catalytic domain that (i) comprises residues 45-404 of the wild type OCH1 protein of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or (ii) is at least 90% identical to the amino acids corresponding to residues 45-404 of the wild type OCH1 protein of SEQ ID NO: 2 and has α-1, 6-mannosyltransferase activity; wherein said mutant OCH1 protein lacks an N-terminal sequence for targeting the mutant OCH1 protein to the Golgi apparatus; and wherein said strain further comprises a nucleic acid coding for and expressing an α-1,2-mannosidase; and isolating the heterologous protein from the engineered strain, thereby obtaining a preparation of the heterologous protein substantially homogeneous in its N-glycans with Man5GlcNAc2 as the predominant N-glycan form. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the mutant OCH1 protein lacks a membrane anchor domain at the N-terminal region. 30. The strain of claim 28, wherein said mutant OCH1 protein comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein said mutant OCH1 allele is present on a chromosome. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein said mutant OCH1 allele replaces the wild type OCH1 allele at the OCH1 locus. 33. The method of claim 28, wherein said mutant OCH1 allele is maintained on a plasmid, and wherein the wild type OCH1 allele on the chromosome has been disrupted. 34. The method of claim 28, wherein said nucleic acid coding for and expressing said α-1,2-mannosidase is integrated at the OCH1 locus of the strain. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein said OCH1 locus comprises the nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. | Disclosed herein are novel Pichia pastoris strains for expression of exogenous proteins with substantially homogeneous N-glycans. The strains are genetically engineered to include a mutant OCH1 allele which is transcribed into an mRNA coding for a mutant OCH1 gene product (i.e., α-1,6-mannosyltransferase, or “OCH1 protein”). The mutant OCH1protein contains a catalytic domain substantially identical to that of the wild type OCH1 protein, but lacks an N-terminal sequence necessary to target the OCH1 protein to the Golgi apparatus. The strains disclosed herein are robust, stable, and transformable, and the mutant OCH1 allele and the ability to produce substantially homogeneous N-glycans are maintained for generations after rounds of freezing and thawing and after subsequent transformations.1.-16. (canceled) 17. An engineered strain of Pichia pastoris, comprising:
a mutant OCH1 allele which is transcribed into a mRNA coding for a mutant OCH1 protein, wherein said mutant OCH1 protein comprises a catalytic domain that (i) comprises residues 45-404 of the wild type OCH1 protein of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or (ii) is at least 90% identical to the amino acids corresponding to residues 45-404 of the wild type OCH1 protein of SEQ ID NO: 2 and has α-1, 6-mannosyltransferase activity; wherein said mutant OCH1 protein lacks an N-terminal sequence for targeting the mutant OCH1 protein to the Golgi apparatus; and wherein said engineered strain has a mutant his gene. 18. The strain of claim 17, wherein the mutant his gene is a mutant his4 gene. 19. The strain of claim 17, wherein the mutant OCH1 protein lacks a membrane anchor domain at the N-terminal region. 20. The strain of claim 17, wherein said mutant OCH1 protein comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3. 21. The strain of claim 17, wherein said mutant OCH1 allele is present on a chromosome. 22. The strain of claim 21, wherein said mutant OCH1 allele replaces the wild type OCH1 allele at the OCH1 locus. 23. The strain of claim 17, wherein said mutant OCH1 allele is maintained on a plasmid, and wherein the wild type OCH1 allele on the chromosome has been disrupted. 24. The strain of claim 17, wherein said strain further comprises a nucleic acid coding for and expressing an α-1,2-mannosidase. 25. The strain of claim 24, wherein said nucleic acid coding for and expressing said α-1,2-mannosidase is integrated at the OCH1 locus of the strain. 26. The strain of claim 25, wherein said OCH1 locus comprises the nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. 27. The strain of claim 17, further comprising a nucleic acid coding for and expressing a heterologous protein. 28. A method of making recombinant proteins:
expressing a heterlogous protein in an engineered strain of Pichia pastoris a mutant OCH1 allele which is transcribed into a mRNA coding for a mutant OCH1 protein, wherein said mutant OCH1 protein comprises a catalytic domain that (i) comprises residues 45-404 of the wild type OCH1 protein of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or (ii) is at least 90% identical to the amino acids corresponding to residues 45-404 of the wild type OCH1 protein of SEQ ID NO: 2 and has α-1, 6-mannosyltransferase activity; wherein said mutant OCH1 protein lacks an N-terminal sequence for targeting the mutant OCH1 protein to the Golgi apparatus; and wherein said strain further comprises a nucleic acid coding for and expressing an α-1,2-mannosidase; and isolating the heterologous protein from the engineered strain, thereby obtaining a preparation of the heterologous protein substantially homogeneous in its N-glycans with Man5GlcNAc2 as the predominant N-glycan form. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the mutant OCH1 protein lacks a membrane anchor domain at the N-terminal region. 30. The strain of claim 28, wherein said mutant OCH1 protein comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein said mutant OCH1 allele is present on a chromosome. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein said mutant OCH1 allele replaces the wild type OCH1 allele at the OCH1 locus. 33. The method of claim 28, wherein said mutant OCH1 allele is maintained on a plasmid, and wherein the wild type OCH1 allele on the chromosome has been disrupted. 34. The method of claim 28, wherein said nucleic acid coding for and expressing said α-1,2-mannosidase is integrated at the OCH1 locus of the strain. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein said OCH1 locus comprises the nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. | 2,600 |
341,149 | 16,801,458 | 2,677 | Disclosed is a cell that integrates a pixel and a two-terminal non-volatile memory device. The cell can be selectively operated in write, read and functional computing modes. In the write mode, a first data value is stored the memory device. In the read mode, it is read from the memory device. In the functional computing mode, the pixel captures a second data value and a sensed change in an electrical parameter (e.g., voltage or current) on a bitline connected to the cell is a function of both the first and second data value. Also disclosed is an IC structure that includes an array of the cells and, when multiple cells in a given column are concurrently operated in the functional computing mode, the sensed total change in the electrical parameter on the bitline for the column is indicative of a result of a dot product computation. | 1. An integrated pixel and memory cell comprising:
a select transistor; a two-terminal non-volatile memory device; and a pixel comprising:
a reset transistor;
a photodiode connected in series with the reset transistor;
a sense node at a junction between the reset transistor and the photodiode; and
an amplifying transistor connected in series with the two-terminal non-volatile memory device and the select transistor, wherein the amplifying transistor has a gate electrically connected to the sense node. 2. The integrated pixel and memory cell of claim 1, wherein the two-terminal non-volatile memory device comprises any of a magnetic tunnel junction device, a phase change memory device, and a memristor. 3. The integrated pixel and memory cell of claim 1,
wherein the cell is selectively operable in a write mode, a read mode and a functional computing mode, wherein, during the write mode, a first data value is stored in the two-terminal non-volatile memory device, and wherein, during the functional computing mode, the photodiode performs a light sensing process resulting in a second data value on the sense node and a combined data value that is a function of the first data value and the second data value is read from the cell. 4. The integrated pixel and memory cell of claim 1, wherein the two-terminal non-volatile memory device is in a chain between any of the following:
the amplifying transistor and the select transistor; an adjustable voltage rail and the select transistor; and the select transistor and a bitline. 5. The integrated pixel and memory cell of claim 1, further comprising a switch that selectively electrically connects the gate of the amplifying transistor to the sense node. 6. The integrated pixel and memory cell of claim 1, wherein the two-terminal non-volatile memory device comprises a first terminal connected to the amplifying transistor and a second terminal connected to the select transistor and wherein each cell further comprises an additional transistor connected to the second terminal. 7. The integrated pixel and memory cell of claim 1,
wherein the reset transistor is connected in series between a first voltage rail and the photodiode, wherein the amplifying transistor, the two-terminal non-volatile memory device, and the select transistor are connected in series between an adjustable second voltage rail and a bitline for a column in an array of integrated pixel and memory cells, and wherein a gate of the select transistor is connected to a wordline for a row in the array. 8. The integrated pixel and memory cell of claim 7, further comprising an additional non-volatile memory device and an additional select transistor connected in series between the amplifying transistor and an additional bitline for the column, wherein a gate of the additional select transistor is connected to an additional wordline for the row. 9. The integrated pixel and memory cell of claim 7, further comprising an additional non-volatile memory device and an additional select transistor connected in series between the amplifying transistor and an additional bitline for the column, wherein a gate of the additional select transistor is connected the wordline for the row. 10. The integrated pixel and memory cell of claim 7, further comprising an additional select transistor connected in series between the amplifying transistor and an additional bitline for the column, wherein a gate of the additional select transistor is connected to an additional wordline for the row. 11. An integrated circuit structure comprising:
an array of integrated pixel and two-terminal non-volatile memory cells; bitlines connected to columns of the cells in the array; and wordlines connected to rows of cells in the array, wherein each cell comprises:
a select transistor having a gate electrically connected to a wordline for a row;
a two-terminal non-volatile memory device; and
a pixel comprising:
a reset transistor;
a photodiode, wherein the reset transistor is connected in series between a first voltage rail and the photodiode;
a sense node at a junction between the reset transistor and the photodiode; and
an amplifying transistor, wherein the amplifying transistor the two-terminal non-volatile memory device and the select transistor are connected in series between an adjustable second voltage rail and a bitline for a column and wherein the amplifying transistor has a gate electrically connected to the sense node. 12. The integrated circuit structure of claim 11, wherein the two-terminal non-volatile memory device comprises any of a magnetic tunnel junction, a phase change memory device, and a memristor. 13. The integrated circuit structure of claim 11, further comprising a sensing circuit comprising transimpedance amplifiers for the columns, respectively, wherein each specific transimpedance amplifier for each specific column has a first input electrically connected to ground, a second input electrically connected to a specific bitline of the specific column and an output electrically connected to the specific bitline for the specific column. 14. The integrated circuit structure of claim 13, the sensing circuit further comprising analog-to-digital converters for the columns, respectively, wherein each specific analog-to-digital converter for each specific column is electrically connected to the output of the specific transimpedance amplifier. 15. The integrated circuit structure of claim 11,
wherein the cells are selectively operable in a write mode, a read mode and a functional computing mode, wherein, during the write mode in a specific cell in a specific row and a specific column, the reset transistor and the select transistor of the specific cell are turned on and specific bias conditions are applied to the adjustable second voltage rail and to a specific bitline for the specific column in order to store a first data value in the two-terminal non-volatile memory device of the specific cell, wherein, during the functional computing mode in the specific cell,
the sense node of the specific cell is pre-charge,
a light sensing process is performed, wherein the photodiode of the pixel of the specific cell is exposed to light resulting in a second data value on the sense node,
following the light sensing process, the select transistor is turned on, and
a given electrical parameter is sensed on the specific bitline for the specific column,
wherein any change in the given electrical parameter on the specific bitline is indicative of a product of the first data value and the second data value in the specific cell, and wherein a total change in the given electrical parameter on the specific bitline when multiple cells in the specific column concurrently operate in the functional computing mode is indicative of a result of a dot product computation. 16. The integrated circuit structure of claim 15, wherein the given electrical parameter comprises any of a bitline voltage and a bitline current. 17. A method comprising:
providing an integrated circuits structure comprising: an array of integrated pixel and two-terminal non-volatile memory cells; bitlines connected to columns of the cells in the array; and wordlines connected to rows of cells in the array, wherein each cell comprises:
a select transistor having a gate electrically connected to a wordline for a row;
a two-terminal non-volatile memory device; and
a pixel comprising:
a reset transistor;
a photodiode, wherein the reset transistor is connected in series between a first voltage rail and the photodiode;
a sense node at a junction between the reset transistor and the photodiode; and
an amplifying transistor, wherein the amplifying transistor, the two-terminal non-volatile memory device, and the select transistor are connected in series between an adjustable second voltage rail and a bitline for a column and wherein the amplifying transistor has a gate electrically connected to the sense node; and
selectively operating the cells in the array in any of a write mode, a read mode, and a functional computing mode. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the two-terminal non-volatile memory device comprises any of a magnetic tunnel junction device, a phase change memory device, and a memristor. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein operating a specific cell in a specific row and a specific column in the write mode comprises:
turning on the reset transistor and the select transistor of the specific cell; and applying specific bias conditions to the adjustable second voltage rail and to a specific bitline for the specific column in order to store a first data value in the two-terminal non-volatile memory device of the specific cell. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein operating a specific cell in a specific row and a specific column in a functional computing mode comprises:
pre-charging a sense node of the specific cell; performing a light sensing operation, wherein the photodiode of the pixel of the specific cell is exposed to light resulting in a second data value on the sense node; turning on the select transistor; and sensing a given electrical parameter on a specific bitline for the specific column, wherein the given electrical parameter comprises any of a bitline voltage and a bitline current, wherein any change in the given electrical parameter on the specific bitline is indicative of a product of a first data value stored in the two-terminal non-volatile memory device of the specific cell and the second data value on the sense node of the specific cell, and wherein a total change the given electrical parameter in response to multiple cells in the specific column concurrently operating in the functional computing mode is indicative of a result of a dot product computation. | Disclosed is a cell that integrates a pixel and a two-terminal non-volatile memory device. The cell can be selectively operated in write, read and functional computing modes. In the write mode, a first data value is stored the memory device. In the read mode, it is read from the memory device. In the functional computing mode, the pixel captures a second data value and a sensed change in an electrical parameter (e.g., voltage or current) on a bitline connected to the cell is a function of both the first and second data value. Also disclosed is an IC structure that includes an array of the cells and, when multiple cells in a given column are concurrently operated in the functional computing mode, the sensed total change in the electrical parameter on the bitline for the column is indicative of a result of a dot product computation.1. An integrated pixel and memory cell comprising:
a select transistor; a two-terminal non-volatile memory device; and a pixel comprising:
a reset transistor;
a photodiode connected in series with the reset transistor;
a sense node at a junction between the reset transistor and the photodiode; and
an amplifying transistor connected in series with the two-terminal non-volatile memory device and the select transistor, wherein the amplifying transistor has a gate electrically connected to the sense node. 2. The integrated pixel and memory cell of claim 1, wherein the two-terminal non-volatile memory device comprises any of a magnetic tunnel junction device, a phase change memory device, and a memristor. 3. The integrated pixel and memory cell of claim 1,
wherein the cell is selectively operable in a write mode, a read mode and a functional computing mode, wherein, during the write mode, a first data value is stored in the two-terminal non-volatile memory device, and wherein, during the functional computing mode, the photodiode performs a light sensing process resulting in a second data value on the sense node and a combined data value that is a function of the first data value and the second data value is read from the cell. 4. The integrated pixel and memory cell of claim 1, wherein the two-terminal non-volatile memory device is in a chain between any of the following:
the amplifying transistor and the select transistor; an adjustable voltage rail and the select transistor; and the select transistor and a bitline. 5. The integrated pixel and memory cell of claim 1, further comprising a switch that selectively electrically connects the gate of the amplifying transistor to the sense node. 6. The integrated pixel and memory cell of claim 1, wherein the two-terminal non-volatile memory device comprises a first terminal connected to the amplifying transistor and a second terminal connected to the select transistor and wherein each cell further comprises an additional transistor connected to the second terminal. 7. The integrated pixel and memory cell of claim 1,
wherein the reset transistor is connected in series between a first voltage rail and the photodiode, wherein the amplifying transistor, the two-terminal non-volatile memory device, and the select transistor are connected in series between an adjustable second voltage rail and a bitline for a column in an array of integrated pixel and memory cells, and wherein a gate of the select transistor is connected to a wordline for a row in the array. 8. The integrated pixel and memory cell of claim 7, further comprising an additional non-volatile memory device and an additional select transistor connected in series between the amplifying transistor and an additional bitline for the column, wherein a gate of the additional select transistor is connected to an additional wordline for the row. 9. The integrated pixel and memory cell of claim 7, further comprising an additional non-volatile memory device and an additional select transistor connected in series between the amplifying transistor and an additional bitline for the column, wherein a gate of the additional select transistor is connected the wordline for the row. 10. The integrated pixel and memory cell of claim 7, further comprising an additional select transistor connected in series between the amplifying transistor and an additional bitline for the column, wherein a gate of the additional select transistor is connected to an additional wordline for the row. 11. An integrated circuit structure comprising:
an array of integrated pixel and two-terminal non-volatile memory cells; bitlines connected to columns of the cells in the array; and wordlines connected to rows of cells in the array, wherein each cell comprises:
a select transistor having a gate electrically connected to a wordline for a row;
a two-terminal non-volatile memory device; and
a pixel comprising:
a reset transistor;
a photodiode, wherein the reset transistor is connected in series between a first voltage rail and the photodiode;
a sense node at a junction between the reset transistor and the photodiode; and
an amplifying transistor, wherein the amplifying transistor the two-terminal non-volatile memory device and the select transistor are connected in series between an adjustable second voltage rail and a bitline for a column and wherein the amplifying transistor has a gate electrically connected to the sense node. 12. The integrated circuit structure of claim 11, wherein the two-terminal non-volatile memory device comprises any of a magnetic tunnel junction, a phase change memory device, and a memristor. 13. The integrated circuit structure of claim 11, further comprising a sensing circuit comprising transimpedance amplifiers for the columns, respectively, wherein each specific transimpedance amplifier for each specific column has a first input electrically connected to ground, a second input electrically connected to a specific bitline of the specific column and an output electrically connected to the specific bitline for the specific column. 14. The integrated circuit structure of claim 13, the sensing circuit further comprising analog-to-digital converters for the columns, respectively, wherein each specific analog-to-digital converter for each specific column is electrically connected to the output of the specific transimpedance amplifier. 15. The integrated circuit structure of claim 11,
wherein the cells are selectively operable in a write mode, a read mode and a functional computing mode, wherein, during the write mode in a specific cell in a specific row and a specific column, the reset transistor and the select transistor of the specific cell are turned on and specific bias conditions are applied to the adjustable second voltage rail and to a specific bitline for the specific column in order to store a first data value in the two-terminal non-volatile memory device of the specific cell, wherein, during the functional computing mode in the specific cell,
the sense node of the specific cell is pre-charge,
a light sensing process is performed, wherein the photodiode of the pixel of the specific cell is exposed to light resulting in a second data value on the sense node,
following the light sensing process, the select transistor is turned on, and
a given electrical parameter is sensed on the specific bitline for the specific column,
wherein any change in the given electrical parameter on the specific bitline is indicative of a product of the first data value and the second data value in the specific cell, and wherein a total change in the given electrical parameter on the specific bitline when multiple cells in the specific column concurrently operate in the functional computing mode is indicative of a result of a dot product computation. 16. The integrated circuit structure of claim 15, wherein the given electrical parameter comprises any of a bitline voltage and a bitline current. 17. A method comprising:
providing an integrated circuits structure comprising: an array of integrated pixel and two-terminal non-volatile memory cells; bitlines connected to columns of the cells in the array; and wordlines connected to rows of cells in the array, wherein each cell comprises:
a select transistor having a gate electrically connected to a wordline for a row;
a two-terminal non-volatile memory device; and
a pixel comprising:
a reset transistor;
a photodiode, wherein the reset transistor is connected in series between a first voltage rail and the photodiode;
a sense node at a junction between the reset transistor and the photodiode; and
an amplifying transistor, wherein the amplifying transistor, the two-terminal non-volatile memory device, and the select transistor are connected in series between an adjustable second voltage rail and a bitline for a column and wherein the amplifying transistor has a gate electrically connected to the sense node; and
selectively operating the cells in the array in any of a write mode, a read mode, and a functional computing mode. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the two-terminal non-volatile memory device comprises any of a magnetic tunnel junction device, a phase change memory device, and a memristor. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein operating a specific cell in a specific row and a specific column in the write mode comprises:
turning on the reset transistor and the select transistor of the specific cell; and applying specific bias conditions to the adjustable second voltage rail and to a specific bitline for the specific column in order to store a first data value in the two-terminal non-volatile memory device of the specific cell. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein operating a specific cell in a specific row and a specific column in a functional computing mode comprises:
pre-charging a sense node of the specific cell; performing a light sensing operation, wherein the photodiode of the pixel of the specific cell is exposed to light resulting in a second data value on the sense node; turning on the select transistor; and sensing a given electrical parameter on a specific bitline for the specific column, wherein the given electrical parameter comprises any of a bitline voltage and a bitline current, wherein any change in the given electrical parameter on the specific bitline is indicative of a product of a first data value stored in the two-terminal non-volatile memory device of the specific cell and the second data value on the sense node of the specific cell, and wherein a total change the given electrical parameter in response to multiple cells in the specific column concurrently operating in the functional computing mode is indicative of a result of a dot product computation. | 2,600 |
341,150 | 16,801,470 | 2,192 | A computer-implemented method may include: receiving first data that may include information associated with an error in an execution of code; based on the first data, determining: for each contributor in a predetermined list of contributors: a respective familiarity value indicative of an amount of association between the contributor and the error in the code; and a respective set of task management statistics; and an urgency value of the error; using an optimization model, selecting at least one contributor from the predetermined list of contributors to assign to the error, the optimization model based on the respective familiarity values and the respective sets of task management statistics for each contributor, and the urgency value of the error; and transmitting a notification indicative of the error to a computing device associated with the at least one contributor assigned to the error. | 1. A method for managing debugging, comprising:
monitoring execution of a code to detect an error in the code; in response to the monitoring detecting the error in the code, initiating an error resolution process to identify one or more contributors to address the error, the error resolution process including:
obtaining information associated with the error;
obtaining revision history for the code from a version control system;
obtaining a predetermined list of contributors associated with the code;
obtaining task management statistics information for the predetermined list of contributors from a task management system;
obtaining an urgency value for the error; and
analyzing the information associated with the error, the revision history, the task management statistics, and the urgency value to determine the one or more contributors to address the error;
generating an error report for the error; and transmitting the error report to the identified one or more contributors. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the monitoring the execution of the code to detect the error in the code includes:
executing the code; determining whether one or more failures or error flags in the code have been triggered; and in response to determining that the one or more failures or error flags have been triggered, detecting the error in the code as associated with the one or more triggered failures or error flags. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the initiating the error resolution process includes:
obtaining a line of the error and an error message associated with the error; identifying a version of the code; and transmitting an error resolution process request to an assignment system that executes the error resolution process. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the obtaining the information associated with the error includes parsing an error resolution process request to extract a line of the error and an error message associated with the error, and extracting a version number of the code; and the obtaining the revision history for the code from the version control system includes:
requesting, from the version control system, the revision history for the line of code for the version number of the code, and
receiving a revision history message from the version control system, the revision history message indicating one or more contributors of the code and timestamps of changes to the code for the one or more contributors. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the obtaining the predetermined list of contributors associated with the code includes:
obtaining first contributor information and/or second contributor information by:
requesting, from the version control system, first contributor information, the first contributor information including first contributor(s) associated with the code at one or a combination of: a repository level, a section level for a section of the repository that includes the code, a file level for a file that includes the code, a file section level for a section of the file that includes the code, and/or a line level for the line of the error; and/or
requesting, from the task management system, second contributor information, the second contributor information including second contributor(s) associated with an organization and/or teams within the organization; and
forming the predetermined list of contributors based on the one or more contributors, the first contributor information and/or the second contributor information. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the obtaining the task management statistics for the first set of contributors from the task management system includes:
transmitting a request for statistics, the request including an indication of the first set of contributors and a type of the error; and receiving a statistics message from the task management system, the statistics message including current workload value information, general resolution information, and/or specific resolution information, the current workload value indicative of a current workload of the first set of contributors, the general resolution information including an indication of expected time to address the error based on the type of the error, the specific resolution information including an indication of times for members of the first set of contributors that have addressed errors of the type of the error. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the obtaining the urgency value includes parsing the error resolution process request to extract an urgency value, or determining the urgency value based on a priority of the code and/or the type of the error. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the analyzing the information associated with the error, the revision history, the task management statistics for the first set of contributors, and the urgency value to determine the one or more contributors to address the error includes:
processing the revision history to determine first weights for the one or more contributors; processing the task management statistics to determine second weights for the first set of contributors; processing the urgency value to determine third weights for the first set of contributors; performing a ranking process to form a ranked set of contributors from the predetermined list of contributors, based on the first weights, the second weights, and the third weights; and selecting a top pre-determined number from the ranked set of contributors as the one or more contributors to address the error. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the ranking process includes:
summing the first weights, the second weights, and the third weights to obtain scores for the predetermined list of contributors; and ordering the predetermined list of contributors based on the scores to obtain the second set of contributors. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the analyzing the information associated with the error, the revision history, the task management statistics for the first set of contributors, and the urgency value to determine the one or more contributors to address the error includes:
processing the information associated with the error, the revision history, the task management statistics for the predetermined list of contributors, and the urgency value to generate a feature vector; processing the feature vector through a ranking machine learning model to obtain scores for the predetermined list of contributors; ordering the predetermined list of contributors based on the scores to obtain a ranked set of contributors; and selecting a top pre-determined number from the ranked set of contributors as the one or more contributors to address the error. 11. A system for managing debugging, the system comprising:
a memory storing instructions; and a processor executing the instructions to perform a process including:
monitoring execution of a code to detect an error in the code;
in response to the monitoring detecting the error in the code, initiating an error resolution process to identify one or more contributors to address the error, the error resolution process including:
obtaining information associated with the error;
obtaining revision history for the code from a version control system;
obtaining a predetermined list of contributors associated with the code;
obtaining task management statistics information for the predetermined list of contributors from a task management system;
obtaining an urgency value for the error; and
analyzing the information associated with the error, the revision history, the task management statistics, and the urgency value to determine the one or more contributors to address the error;
generating an error report for the error; and
transmitting the error report to the identified one or more contributors. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the process further includes, to monitor the execution of the code to detect the error in the code:
executing the code; determining whether one or more failures or error flags in the code have been triggered; and in response to determining that the one or more failures or error flags have been triggered, detecting the error in the code as associated with the one or more triggered failures or error flags. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the process further includes, to initiate the error resolution process:
obtaining a line of the error and an error message associated with the error; identifying a version of the code; and transmitting an error resolution process request to an assignment system that executes the error resolution process. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the error resolution process further includes:
to obtain the code error information parsing an error resolution process request to extract a line of the error and an error message associated with the error, and extracting a version number of the code; and to obtain the revision history for the code from the version control system:
requesting, from the version control system, the revision history for the line of code for the version number of the code, and
receiving a revision history message from the version control system, the revision history message indicating one or more contributors of the code and timestamps of changes to the code for the one or more contributors. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the error resolution process further includes, to obtain the predetermined list of contributors associated with the code:
obtaining first contributor information and/or second contributor information by:
requesting, from the version control system, first contributor information, the first contributor information including first contributor(s) associated with the code at one or a combination of: a repository level, a section level for a section of the repository that includes the code, a file level for a file that includes the code, a file section level for a section of the file that includes the code, and/or a line level for the line of the error; and/or
requesting, from the task management system, second contributor information, the second contributor information including second contributor(s) associated with an organization and/or teams within the organization; and
forming the predetermined list of contributors based on the one or more contributors, the first contributor information and/or the second contributor information. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the error resolution process further includes, to obtain the task management statistics for the first set of contributors from the task management system:
transmitting a request for statistics, the request including an indication of the first set of contributors and a type of the error; and receiving a statistics message from the task management system, the statistics message including current workload value information, general resolution information, and/or specific resolution information, the current workload value indicative of a current workload of the first set of contributors, the general resolution information including an indication of expected time to address the error based on the type of the error, the specific resolution information including an indication of times for members of the first set of contributors that have addressed errors of the type of the error. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the error resolution process further includes, to obtain the urgency factor information:
parsing the error resolution process request to extract an urgency value, or determining the urgency value based on a priority of the code and/or the type of the error. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the error resolution process further includes, to analyze the information associated with the error, the revision history, the task management statistics for the first set of contributors, and the urgency value to determine the one or more contributors to address the error:
processing the revision history to determine first weights for the one or more contributors; processing the task management statistics to determine second weights for the first set of contributors; processing the urgency value to determine third weights for the first set of contributors; performing a ranking process to form a second set of contributors from the first set of contributors, based on the first weights, the second weights, and the third weights; and selecting a top pre-determined number from the second set of contributors as the one or more contributors to address the error. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the error resolution process further includes, to analyze the information associated with the error, the revision history, the task management statistics for the first set of contributors, and the urgency value to determine the one or more contributors to address the error:
processing the information associated with the error, the revision history, the task management statistics for the first set of contributors, and the urgency value to generate a feature vector; processing the feature vector through a ranking machine learning model to obtain scores for the first set of users; ordering the first set of contributors based on the scores to obtain a second set of contributors; and selecting a top pre-determined number from the second set of contributors as the one or more contributors to address the error. 20. A method for managing debugging, the method comprising:
monitoring execution of a code to detect an error in the code; in response to the monitoring detecting the error in the code, initiating an error resolution process to identify one or more contributors to address the error based on revision history associated with the code, the error resolution process including:
analyzing, by performing a ranking process or using a ranking machine learning model, the revision history, task management statistics for a predetermined list of contributors, and an urgency value to determine the one or more contributors to address the error;
generating an error report; and transmitting the error report to the identified one or more contributors. | A computer-implemented method may include: receiving first data that may include information associated with an error in an execution of code; based on the first data, determining: for each contributor in a predetermined list of contributors: a respective familiarity value indicative of an amount of association between the contributor and the error in the code; and a respective set of task management statistics; and an urgency value of the error; using an optimization model, selecting at least one contributor from the predetermined list of contributors to assign to the error, the optimization model based on the respective familiarity values and the respective sets of task management statistics for each contributor, and the urgency value of the error; and transmitting a notification indicative of the error to a computing device associated with the at least one contributor assigned to the error.1. A method for managing debugging, comprising:
monitoring execution of a code to detect an error in the code; in response to the monitoring detecting the error in the code, initiating an error resolution process to identify one or more contributors to address the error, the error resolution process including:
obtaining information associated with the error;
obtaining revision history for the code from a version control system;
obtaining a predetermined list of contributors associated with the code;
obtaining task management statistics information for the predetermined list of contributors from a task management system;
obtaining an urgency value for the error; and
analyzing the information associated with the error, the revision history, the task management statistics, and the urgency value to determine the one or more contributors to address the error;
generating an error report for the error; and transmitting the error report to the identified one or more contributors. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the monitoring the execution of the code to detect the error in the code includes:
executing the code; determining whether one or more failures or error flags in the code have been triggered; and in response to determining that the one or more failures or error flags have been triggered, detecting the error in the code as associated with the one or more triggered failures or error flags. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the initiating the error resolution process includes:
obtaining a line of the error and an error message associated with the error; identifying a version of the code; and transmitting an error resolution process request to an assignment system that executes the error resolution process. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the obtaining the information associated with the error includes parsing an error resolution process request to extract a line of the error and an error message associated with the error, and extracting a version number of the code; and the obtaining the revision history for the code from the version control system includes:
requesting, from the version control system, the revision history for the line of code for the version number of the code, and
receiving a revision history message from the version control system, the revision history message indicating one or more contributors of the code and timestamps of changes to the code for the one or more contributors. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the obtaining the predetermined list of contributors associated with the code includes:
obtaining first contributor information and/or second contributor information by:
requesting, from the version control system, first contributor information, the first contributor information including first contributor(s) associated with the code at one or a combination of: a repository level, a section level for a section of the repository that includes the code, a file level for a file that includes the code, a file section level for a section of the file that includes the code, and/or a line level for the line of the error; and/or
requesting, from the task management system, second contributor information, the second contributor information including second contributor(s) associated with an organization and/or teams within the organization; and
forming the predetermined list of contributors based on the one or more contributors, the first contributor information and/or the second contributor information. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the obtaining the task management statistics for the first set of contributors from the task management system includes:
transmitting a request for statistics, the request including an indication of the first set of contributors and a type of the error; and receiving a statistics message from the task management system, the statistics message including current workload value information, general resolution information, and/or specific resolution information, the current workload value indicative of a current workload of the first set of contributors, the general resolution information including an indication of expected time to address the error based on the type of the error, the specific resolution information including an indication of times for members of the first set of contributors that have addressed errors of the type of the error. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the obtaining the urgency value includes parsing the error resolution process request to extract an urgency value, or determining the urgency value based on a priority of the code and/or the type of the error. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the analyzing the information associated with the error, the revision history, the task management statistics for the first set of contributors, and the urgency value to determine the one or more contributors to address the error includes:
processing the revision history to determine first weights for the one or more contributors; processing the task management statistics to determine second weights for the first set of contributors; processing the urgency value to determine third weights for the first set of contributors; performing a ranking process to form a ranked set of contributors from the predetermined list of contributors, based on the first weights, the second weights, and the third weights; and selecting a top pre-determined number from the ranked set of contributors as the one or more contributors to address the error. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the ranking process includes:
summing the first weights, the second weights, and the third weights to obtain scores for the predetermined list of contributors; and ordering the predetermined list of contributors based on the scores to obtain the second set of contributors. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the analyzing the information associated with the error, the revision history, the task management statistics for the first set of contributors, and the urgency value to determine the one or more contributors to address the error includes:
processing the information associated with the error, the revision history, the task management statistics for the predetermined list of contributors, and the urgency value to generate a feature vector; processing the feature vector through a ranking machine learning model to obtain scores for the predetermined list of contributors; ordering the predetermined list of contributors based on the scores to obtain a ranked set of contributors; and selecting a top pre-determined number from the ranked set of contributors as the one or more contributors to address the error. 11. A system for managing debugging, the system comprising:
a memory storing instructions; and a processor executing the instructions to perform a process including:
monitoring execution of a code to detect an error in the code;
in response to the monitoring detecting the error in the code, initiating an error resolution process to identify one or more contributors to address the error, the error resolution process including:
obtaining information associated with the error;
obtaining revision history for the code from a version control system;
obtaining a predetermined list of contributors associated with the code;
obtaining task management statistics information for the predetermined list of contributors from a task management system;
obtaining an urgency value for the error; and
analyzing the information associated with the error, the revision history, the task management statistics, and the urgency value to determine the one or more contributors to address the error;
generating an error report for the error; and
transmitting the error report to the identified one or more contributors. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the process further includes, to monitor the execution of the code to detect the error in the code:
executing the code; determining whether one or more failures or error flags in the code have been triggered; and in response to determining that the one or more failures or error flags have been triggered, detecting the error in the code as associated with the one or more triggered failures or error flags. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the process further includes, to initiate the error resolution process:
obtaining a line of the error and an error message associated with the error; identifying a version of the code; and transmitting an error resolution process request to an assignment system that executes the error resolution process. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the error resolution process further includes:
to obtain the code error information parsing an error resolution process request to extract a line of the error and an error message associated with the error, and extracting a version number of the code; and to obtain the revision history for the code from the version control system:
requesting, from the version control system, the revision history for the line of code for the version number of the code, and
receiving a revision history message from the version control system, the revision history message indicating one or more contributors of the code and timestamps of changes to the code for the one or more contributors. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the error resolution process further includes, to obtain the predetermined list of contributors associated with the code:
obtaining first contributor information and/or second contributor information by:
requesting, from the version control system, first contributor information, the first contributor information including first contributor(s) associated with the code at one or a combination of: a repository level, a section level for a section of the repository that includes the code, a file level for a file that includes the code, a file section level for a section of the file that includes the code, and/or a line level for the line of the error; and/or
requesting, from the task management system, second contributor information, the second contributor information including second contributor(s) associated with an organization and/or teams within the organization; and
forming the predetermined list of contributors based on the one or more contributors, the first contributor information and/or the second contributor information. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the error resolution process further includes, to obtain the task management statistics for the first set of contributors from the task management system:
transmitting a request for statistics, the request including an indication of the first set of contributors and a type of the error; and receiving a statistics message from the task management system, the statistics message including current workload value information, general resolution information, and/or specific resolution information, the current workload value indicative of a current workload of the first set of contributors, the general resolution information including an indication of expected time to address the error based on the type of the error, the specific resolution information including an indication of times for members of the first set of contributors that have addressed errors of the type of the error. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the error resolution process further includes, to obtain the urgency factor information:
parsing the error resolution process request to extract an urgency value, or determining the urgency value based on a priority of the code and/or the type of the error. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the error resolution process further includes, to analyze the information associated with the error, the revision history, the task management statistics for the first set of contributors, and the urgency value to determine the one or more contributors to address the error:
processing the revision history to determine first weights for the one or more contributors; processing the task management statistics to determine second weights for the first set of contributors; processing the urgency value to determine third weights for the first set of contributors; performing a ranking process to form a second set of contributors from the first set of contributors, based on the first weights, the second weights, and the third weights; and selecting a top pre-determined number from the second set of contributors as the one or more contributors to address the error. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the error resolution process further includes, to analyze the information associated with the error, the revision history, the task management statistics for the first set of contributors, and the urgency value to determine the one or more contributors to address the error:
processing the information associated with the error, the revision history, the task management statistics for the first set of contributors, and the urgency value to generate a feature vector; processing the feature vector through a ranking machine learning model to obtain scores for the first set of users; ordering the first set of contributors based on the scores to obtain a second set of contributors; and selecting a top pre-determined number from the second set of contributors as the one or more contributors to address the error. 20. A method for managing debugging, the method comprising:
monitoring execution of a code to detect an error in the code; in response to the monitoring detecting the error in the code, initiating an error resolution process to identify one or more contributors to address the error based on revision history associated with the code, the error resolution process including:
analyzing, by performing a ranking process or using a ranking machine learning model, the revision history, task management statistics for a predetermined list of contributors, and an urgency value to determine the one or more contributors to address the error;
generating an error report; and transmitting the error report to the identified one or more contributors. | 2,100 |
341,151 | 16,801,460 | 2,192 | A delivery notification mail for notifying each of users of information regarding a corresponding one of packages to be delivered by a delivery vehicle is transmitted to a first information terminal (2) owned by the user. Opening time information indicating an opening time of each of the delivery notification mails is received from the corresponding first information terminal (2). A degree of interest of each of the users in the corresponding package is calculated. The degree of interest is calculated on the basis of a difference between a transmission time of the delivery notification mail corresponding to each of the packages and the opening time indicated by the opening time information. Order of delivery of the packages is set on the basis of the degrees of interest. Delivery order information indicating the order of delivery is transmitted to a second information terminal (3). | 1. A presentation device that presents order of delivery of packages to be delivered by a delivery vehicle, the presentation device comprising:
a processor; and a communicator, wherein the communicator is communicably connected to one or more first information terminals, which are information terminals owned by one or more users to which the packages are to be delivered, and a second information terminal, which is an information terminal provided for the delivery vehicle, over a certain network, transmits delivery notification information for notifying each of the users of information regarding the corresponding package to the first information terminal owned by the user, and receives viewing time information indicating a viewing time of the delivery notification information from each of the first information terminals, wherein the processor calculates a degree of interest of each of the users in the corresponding package and sets the order of delivery of the packages on a basis of the degrees of interest, each of which is calculated on the basis of a difference between a transmission time of the delivery notification information corresponding to the package and the viewing time indicated by the viewing time information, and wherein the communicator transmits delivery order information indicating the order of delivery to the second information terminal. 2. The presentation device according to claim 1,
wherein the processor calculates a higher degree of interest for a package whose difference is smaller and sets a package with a higher degree of interest higher in the order of delivery. 3. The presentation device according to claim 1,
wherein the processor calculates a higher degree of interest for a package whose difference is smaller, classifies each of the packages into one of classes corresponding to different degrees of interest, determines candidates for each of delivery periods such that the classes have different time spans, transmits the candidates for one of the delivery periods to each of the first information terminals, obtains, from the first information terminal, a desired delivery period selected by the corresponding user from the candidates for the delivery period, and sets the order of delivery of the packages such that the packages are delivered within the corresponding desired delivery periods. 4. The presentation device according to claim 3,
wherein the processor sets a shorter time span for the candidates for the delivery period for a class corresponding to a higher degree of interest. 5. The presentation device according to claim 3,
wherein the processor determines the candidates for the delivery period within first operation hours for a package belonging to a first class and the candidates for the delivery period within second operation hours including a period other than the first operation hours and the first operation hours. 6. The presentation device according to claim 3,
wherein, if there are, among the packages, two or more packages whose destinations are in a same apartment house, building, or site and that belong to a certain class, the processor classifies, among the two or more packages belonging to the certain class, a top certain number of packages into the certain class and the other packages into a class corresponding to a degree of interest lower than a degree of interest corresponding to the certain class. 7. The presentation device according to claim 3,
wherein, if there are, among the packages, two or more packages whose destinations are located within a certain radius and that belong to a certain class, the processor classifies, among the two or more packages belonging to the certain class, a top certain number of packages into the certain class and the other packages into a class corresponding to a degree of interest lower than a degree of interest corresponding to the certain class. 8. The presentation device according to claim 1,
wherein the information regarding each of the packages includes at least an identifier for uniquely identifying the package. 9. The presentation device according to claim 1,
wherein the information regarding each of the packages further includes information indicating a scheduled delivery date or a scheduled delivery time of the package, a current position of the package, and a delivery condition of the package. 10. The presentation device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a memory, wherein the memory stores a delivery schedule table on which an identifier for uniquely identifying each of the packages and a scheduled delivery date and a scheduled delivery time of the package are associated with each other, wherein the one or more first information terminals are used to view information regarding the corresponding packages, wherein, if an identifier input by one of the users is obtained from the corresponding first information terminal, the processor identifies, on the delivery schedule table, a scheduled delivery date or a scheduled delivery time corresponding to the identifier and transmits the identified scheduled delivery date or scheduled delivery time to the first information terminal, and wherein the first information terminal outputs the transmitted scheduled delivery date or scheduled delivery time. 11. The presentation device according to claim 10,
wherein the processor detects a viewing time at which each of the users has viewed the scheduled delivery date or the scheduled delivery time of the corresponding package, and wherein the degree of interest is calculated on the basis of a difference between the transmission time of the delivery notification information corresponding to each of the packages and the detected viewing time. 12. A presentation device that presents order of delivery of packages to be delivered by a delivery vehicle, the presentation device comprising:
a processor; and a communicator, wherein the communicator is communicably connected to one or more first information terminals, which are information terminals owned by one or more users to which the packages are to be delivered, and a second information terminal, which is an information terminal provided for the delivery vehicle, over a certain network, transmits delivery notification information for notifying each of the users of information regarding the corresponding package to the first information terminal owned by the user, and receives viewing information indicating that the delivery notification information has been viewed on the first information terminal from each of the first information terminals, wherein the processor calculates a degree of interest of each of the users in the corresponding package and sets the order of delivery of the packages on a basis of the degrees of interest, each of which is calculated on the basis of a viewing ratio of the delivery notification information calculated from the viewing information corresponding to the package, and wherein the communicator transmits delivery order information indicating the order of delivery to the second information terminal. 13. A presentation device that presents order of delivery of packages to be delivered by a delivery vehicle, the presentation device comprising:
a processor; and a communicator, wherein the communicator is communicably connected to one or more first information terminals, which are information terminals owned by one or more users to which the packages are to be delivered, and a second information terminal, which is an information terminal provided for the delivery vehicle, over a certain network, wherein the one or more first information terminals are used to view information regarding the corresponding packages, wherein the communicator receives a viewing history of each of the users about the information regarding the corresponding package from the corresponding first information terminal, wherein the processor calculates a degree of interest of each of the users in the corresponding package and sets the order of delivery of the packages on a basis of the degrees of interest, each of which is calculated on the basis of viewing duration of the information regarding the corresponding package calculated from the viewing history corresponding to the package, and wherein the communicator transmits delivery order information indicating the order of delivery to the second information terminal. 14. A presentation device that presents order of delivery of packages to be delivered by a delivery vehicle, the presentation device comprising:
a processor; a communicator; and a memory, wherein the memory stores a delivery history in which degrees of interest of one or more users, to whom the packages are to be delivered, in packages delivered in past and attribute information indicating attributes of the packages delivered in the past are associated with each other, wherein the communicator is communicably connected to one or more first information terminals, which are information terminals owned by the one or more users, and a second information terminal, which is an information terminal provided for the delivery vehicle, over a certain network and receives attribute information regarding the packages to be delivered, and wherein the processor estimates the degree of interest of each of the one or more users in the corresponding package on a basis of a level of similarity between a feature value of the attribute information included in the delivery history and a feature value of the received attribute information for the user, sets the order of delivery of the packages on the basis of the degrees of interest, and transmits delivery order information indicating the order of delivery to the second information terminal. 15. The presentation device according to claim 6,
wherein the processor sets a package with higher degree of interest higher in the order of delivery. 16. The presentation device according to claim 1,
wherein the packages include locker delivery packages, which are to be delivered to package lockers, wherein the communicator receives empty information, which indicates empty package lockers, from a third information terminal that manages the empty lockers, wherein, if determining on the basis of the empty information that a number of package lockers is not enough to store all the locker delivery packages, the processor sets order of storage of the locker delivery packages in the package lockers in descending order of the degree of interest, and wherein the communicator transmits storage order information, which indicates the order of storage, to the second information terminal. 17. The presentation device according to claim 1,
wherein the communicator receives departure information, which indicates that the delivery vehicle has left a delivery center, wherein, if receiving the departure information, the processor calculates an estimated delivery time of each of the packages on the basis of a reception time of the departure information and a destination of the package and identifies, as a premium user, a user whose degree of interest is equal to or higher than a threshold, and wherein the communicator transmits the estimated delivery time to the first information terminal owned by the premium user. 18. The presentation device according to claim 17,
wherein, if detecting that a destination of a package for the premium user is located within a certain range from a current position of the delivery vehicle, the processor notifies the first information terminal owned by the premium user that the package will soon be delivered. 19. The presentation device according to claim 17,
wherein the communicator receives positional information indicating a current position of the delivery vehicle and traffic information regarding a delivery area of the delivery vehicle, wherein the processor calculates an estimated delivery time of a package for the premium user on the basis of the received positional information and traffic information, present time, and a destination of the package for the premium user and corrects, if determining that the calculated estimated delivery time is later than an estimated delivery time that has already been transmitted to the premium user, the order of delivery such that the package for the premium user will be delivered before the estimated delivery time that has already been transmitted to the premium user, and wherein the communicator transmits the corrected delivery information to the second information terminal. 20. The presentation device according to claim 1,
wherein the communicator receives nondelivery information, which indicates that one of the packages has not been delivered, from the second information terminal, wherein, if the nondelivery information is received and a user corresponding to the package that has not been delivered is a premium user, whose degree of interest is equal to or higher than a threshold, the processor generates nondelivery notification information for notifying the premium user that the package has not been delivered, and wherein the communicator transmits the nondelivery notification information to the first information terminal owned by the premium user. 21. The presentation device according to claim 1,
wherein the communicator receives positional information indicating a current position of the first information terminal, and wherein the processor extracts, from the packages, packages whose destinations are located within a certain range from the current position and sets the order of delivery of the extracted packages on the basis of the corresponding degrees of interest. 22. A presentation method used by a presentation device including a processor and a communicator to present order of delivery of packages to be delivered by a delivery vehicle, the communicator being communicably connected to one or more first information terminals, which are information terminals owned by one or more users to which the packages are to be delivered, and a second information terminal, which is an information terminal provided for the delivery vehicle, over a certain network, the presentation method comprising:
transmitting delivery notification information for notifying each of the users of information regarding the corresponding package to the first information terminal owned by the user; receiving viewing time information indicating a viewing time of the delivery notification information from each of the first information terminals; calculating a degree of interest of each of the users in the corresponding package, the degree of interest being calculated on a basis of a difference between a transmission time of the delivery notification information corresponding to the package and the viewing time indicated by the viewing time information; setting the order of delivery of the packages on the basis of the degrees of interest; and transmitting delivery order information indicating the order of delivery to the second information terminal. 23. A presentation method used by a presentation device including a processor and a communicator to present order of delivery of packages to be delivered by a delivery vehicle, the communicator being communicably connected to one or more first information terminals, which are information terminals owned by one or more users to which the packages are to be delivered, and a second information terminal, which is an information terminal provided for the delivery vehicle, over a certain network, the presentation method comprising:
transmitting delivery notification information for notifying each of the users of information regarding the corresponding package to the first information terminal owned by the user; receiving viewing information indicating that the delivery notification information has been viewed on the first information terminal from each of the first information terminals; calculating a degree of interest of each of the users in the corresponding package, the degree of interest being calculated on a basis of a viewing ratio of the delivery notification information calculated from the viewing information corresponding to the package; setting the order of delivery of the packages on the basis of the degrees of interest; and transmitting delivery order information indicating the order of delivery to the second information terminal. 24. A presentation method used by a presentation device including a processor and a communicator to present order of delivery of packages to be delivered by a delivery vehicle, the communicator being communicably connected to one or more first information terminals, which are information terminals owned by one or more users to which the packages are to be delivered, and a second information terminal, which is an information terminal provided for the delivery vehicle, over a certain network, the one or more first information terminals being used to view information regarding the corresponding packages, the presentation method comprising:
receiving a viewing history of each of the users about the information regarding the corresponding package from the corresponding first information terminal; calculating a degree of interest of each of the users in the corresponding package, the degree of interest being calculated on a basis of viewing duration of the information regarding the corresponding package calculated from the viewing history corresponding to the package; and setting the order of delivery of the packages on the basis of the degrees of interest; and transmitting delivery order information indicating the order of delivery to the second information terminal. 25. A presentation method used by a presentation device including a processor, a communicator, and a memory to present order of delivery of packages to be delivered by a delivery vehicle, the memory storing a delivery history in which degrees of interest of one or more users, to whom the packages are to be delivered, in packages delivered in past and attribute information indicating attributes of the packages delivered in the past are associated with each other, the communicator being communicably connected to one or more first information terminals, which are information terminals owned by the one or more users to which the packages are to be delivered, and a second information terminal, which is an information terminal provided for the delivery vehicle, over a certain network, the presentation method comprising:
receiving attribute information regarding the packages to be delivered; estimating the degree of interest of each of the one or more users in the corresponding package on a basis of a level of similarity between a feature value of the attribute information included in the delivery history and a feature value of the received attribute information for the user; setting the order of delivery of the packages on the basis of the degrees of interest; and transmitting delivery order information indicating the order of delivery to the second information terminal. 26. A presentation device comprising:
a communicator that repeats transmission of an i-th piece of information regarding an i-th package to an i-th terminal owned by an i-th user at an i-th transmission time and reception of an i-th piece of viewing time information, which indicates that the i-th piece of information has been viewed at an i-th viewing time, from the i-th terminal, where i=1 to n; and a processor that repeats calculation of an i-th degree of interest in the i-th package based on an i-th difference between the i-th viewing time and the i-th transmission time, where i=1 to n, wherein i is a natural number and n is a natural number equal to or larger than 2, wherein a p-th difference corresponding to a p-th package is smaller than a q-th difference corresponding to a q-th package, a p-th degree of interest is larger than a q-th degree of interest, order of delivery indicates that delivery of the p-th package is earlier than delivery of the q-th package, p is a natural number, q is a natural number, 1≤p, q≤n, and p≠q, wherein the processor repeats determination of a class to which the i-th package belongs based on the i-th degree of interest, where i=1 to n, wherein a first time span corresponding to a class to which the p-th package belongs is shorter than a second time span corresponding to a class to which the q-th package belongs, wherein the processor determines candidate delivery periods for the p-th package, wherein the candidate delivery periods for the p-th package each have the first time span, wherein the processor determines candidate delivery periods for the q-th package, wherein the candidate delivery periods for the q-th package each have the second time span, wherein the communicator transmits the candidate delivery periods for the p-th package to a p-th terminal and the candidate delivery periods for the q-th package to a q-th terminal, wherein the communicator obtains, from the p-th terminal, a p-th period selected from the candidate delivery periods for the p-th package and, from the q-th terminal, a q-th period selected from the candidate delivery periods for the q-th package, wherein, if a destination of an r-th package and a destination of the p-th package are in a same building and a class to which the r-th package belongs determined on a basis of an r-th degree of interest corresponds to the first time span, the processor changes the class to which the r-th package belongs from the class corresponding to the first time span to a class corresponding to the second time span, where r is a natural number, 1≤r≤n, r≠p, and r≠q, wherein the processor determines candidate delivery periods for the r-th package, wherein the candidate delivery periods for the r-th package each have the second time span, wherein the communicator transmits the candidate delivery periods for the r-th package to an r-th terminal, wherein the communicator obtains an r-th period selected from the candidate delivery periods for the r-th package from the r-th terminal, wherein the processor determines order of delivery of first to n-th packages on the basis of the p-th, q-th, and r-th periods, and wherein the communicator transmits delivery order information indicating the order of delivery to a terminal provided for a delivery vehicle into which the first to n-th packages are loaded. | A delivery notification mail for notifying each of users of information regarding a corresponding one of packages to be delivered by a delivery vehicle is transmitted to a first information terminal (2) owned by the user. Opening time information indicating an opening time of each of the delivery notification mails is received from the corresponding first information terminal (2). A degree of interest of each of the users in the corresponding package is calculated. The degree of interest is calculated on the basis of a difference between a transmission time of the delivery notification mail corresponding to each of the packages and the opening time indicated by the opening time information. Order of delivery of the packages is set on the basis of the degrees of interest. Delivery order information indicating the order of delivery is transmitted to a second information terminal (3).1. A presentation device that presents order of delivery of packages to be delivered by a delivery vehicle, the presentation device comprising:
a processor; and a communicator, wherein the communicator is communicably connected to one or more first information terminals, which are information terminals owned by one or more users to which the packages are to be delivered, and a second information terminal, which is an information terminal provided for the delivery vehicle, over a certain network, transmits delivery notification information for notifying each of the users of information regarding the corresponding package to the first information terminal owned by the user, and receives viewing time information indicating a viewing time of the delivery notification information from each of the first information terminals, wherein the processor calculates a degree of interest of each of the users in the corresponding package and sets the order of delivery of the packages on a basis of the degrees of interest, each of which is calculated on the basis of a difference between a transmission time of the delivery notification information corresponding to the package and the viewing time indicated by the viewing time information, and wherein the communicator transmits delivery order information indicating the order of delivery to the second information terminal. 2. The presentation device according to claim 1,
wherein the processor calculates a higher degree of interest for a package whose difference is smaller and sets a package with a higher degree of interest higher in the order of delivery. 3. The presentation device according to claim 1,
wherein the processor calculates a higher degree of interest for a package whose difference is smaller, classifies each of the packages into one of classes corresponding to different degrees of interest, determines candidates for each of delivery periods such that the classes have different time spans, transmits the candidates for one of the delivery periods to each of the first information terminals, obtains, from the first information terminal, a desired delivery period selected by the corresponding user from the candidates for the delivery period, and sets the order of delivery of the packages such that the packages are delivered within the corresponding desired delivery periods. 4. The presentation device according to claim 3,
wherein the processor sets a shorter time span for the candidates for the delivery period for a class corresponding to a higher degree of interest. 5. The presentation device according to claim 3,
wherein the processor determines the candidates for the delivery period within first operation hours for a package belonging to a first class and the candidates for the delivery period within second operation hours including a period other than the first operation hours and the first operation hours. 6. The presentation device according to claim 3,
wherein, if there are, among the packages, two or more packages whose destinations are in a same apartment house, building, or site and that belong to a certain class, the processor classifies, among the two or more packages belonging to the certain class, a top certain number of packages into the certain class and the other packages into a class corresponding to a degree of interest lower than a degree of interest corresponding to the certain class. 7. The presentation device according to claim 3,
wherein, if there are, among the packages, two or more packages whose destinations are located within a certain radius and that belong to a certain class, the processor classifies, among the two or more packages belonging to the certain class, a top certain number of packages into the certain class and the other packages into a class corresponding to a degree of interest lower than a degree of interest corresponding to the certain class. 8. The presentation device according to claim 1,
wherein the information regarding each of the packages includes at least an identifier for uniquely identifying the package. 9. The presentation device according to claim 1,
wherein the information regarding each of the packages further includes information indicating a scheduled delivery date or a scheduled delivery time of the package, a current position of the package, and a delivery condition of the package. 10. The presentation device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a memory, wherein the memory stores a delivery schedule table on which an identifier for uniquely identifying each of the packages and a scheduled delivery date and a scheduled delivery time of the package are associated with each other, wherein the one or more first information terminals are used to view information regarding the corresponding packages, wherein, if an identifier input by one of the users is obtained from the corresponding first information terminal, the processor identifies, on the delivery schedule table, a scheduled delivery date or a scheduled delivery time corresponding to the identifier and transmits the identified scheduled delivery date or scheduled delivery time to the first information terminal, and wherein the first information terminal outputs the transmitted scheduled delivery date or scheduled delivery time. 11. The presentation device according to claim 10,
wherein the processor detects a viewing time at which each of the users has viewed the scheduled delivery date or the scheduled delivery time of the corresponding package, and wherein the degree of interest is calculated on the basis of a difference between the transmission time of the delivery notification information corresponding to each of the packages and the detected viewing time. 12. A presentation device that presents order of delivery of packages to be delivered by a delivery vehicle, the presentation device comprising:
a processor; and a communicator, wherein the communicator is communicably connected to one or more first information terminals, which are information terminals owned by one or more users to which the packages are to be delivered, and a second information terminal, which is an information terminal provided for the delivery vehicle, over a certain network, transmits delivery notification information for notifying each of the users of information regarding the corresponding package to the first information terminal owned by the user, and receives viewing information indicating that the delivery notification information has been viewed on the first information terminal from each of the first information terminals, wherein the processor calculates a degree of interest of each of the users in the corresponding package and sets the order of delivery of the packages on a basis of the degrees of interest, each of which is calculated on the basis of a viewing ratio of the delivery notification information calculated from the viewing information corresponding to the package, and wherein the communicator transmits delivery order information indicating the order of delivery to the second information terminal. 13. A presentation device that presents order of delivery of packages to be delivered by a delivery vehicle, the presentation device comprising:
a processor; and a communicator, wherein the communicator is communicably connected to one or more first information terminals, which are information terminals owned by one or more users to which the packages are to be delivered, and a second information terminal, which is an information terminal provided for the delivery vehicle, over a certain network, wherein the one or more first information terminals are used to view information regarding the corresponding packages, wherein the communicator receives a viewing history of each of the users about the information regarding the corresponding package from the corresponding first information terminal, wherein the processor calculates a degree of interest of each of the users in the corresponding package and sets the order of delivery of the packages on a basis of the degrees of interest, each of which is calculated on the basis of viewing duration of the information regarding the corresponding package calculated from the viewing history corresponding to the package, and wherein the communicator transmits delivery order information indicating the order of delivery to the second information terminal. 14. A presentation device that presents order of delivery of packages to be delivered by a delivery vehicle, the presentation device comprising:
a processor; a communicator; and a memory, wherein the memory stores a delivery history in which degrees of interest of one or more users, to whom the packages are to be delivered, in packages delivered in past and attribute information indicating attributes of the packages delivered in the past are associated with each other, wherein the communicator is communicably connected to one or more first information terminals, which are information terminals owned by the one or more users, and a second information terminal, which is an information terminal provided for the delivery vehicle, over a certain network and receives attribute information regarding the packages to be delivered, and wherein the processor estimates the degree of interest of each of the one or more users in the corresponding package on a basis of a level of similarity between a feature value of the attribute information included in the delivery history and a feature value of the received attribute information for the user, sets the order of delivery of the packages on the basis of the degrees of interest, and transmits delivery order information indicating the order of delivery to the second information terminal. 15. The presentation device according to claim 6,
wherein the processor sets a package with higher degree of interest higher in the order of delivery. 16. The presentation device according to claim 1,
wherein the packages include locker delivery packages, which are to be delivered to package lockers, wherein the communicator receives empty information, which indicates empty package lockers, from a third information terminal that manages the empty lockers, wherein, if determining on the basis of the empty information that a number of package lockers is not enough to store all the locker delivery packages, the processor sets order of storage of the locker delivery packages in the package lockers in descending order of the degree of interest, and wherein the communicator transmits storage order information, which indicates the order of storage, to the second information terminal. 17. The presentation device according to claim 1,
wherein the communicator receives departure information, which indicates that the delivery vehicle has left a delivery center, wherein, if receiving the departure information, the processor calculates an estimated delivery time of each of the packages on the basis of a reception time of the departure information and a destination of the package and identifies, as a premium user, a user whose degree of interest is equal to or higher than a threshold, and wherein the communicator transmits the estimated delivery time to the first information terminal owned by the premium user. 18. The presentation device according to claim 17,
wherein, if detecting that a destination of a package for the premium user is located within a certain range from a current position of the delivery vehicle, the processor notifies the first information terminal owned by the premium user that the package will soon be delivered. 19. The presentation device according to claim 17,
wherein the communicator receives positional information indicating a current position of the delivery vehicle and traffic information regarding a delivery area of the delivery vehicle, wherein the processor calculates an estimated delivery time of a package for the premium user on the basis of the received positional information and traffic information, present time, and a destination of the package for the premium user and corrects, if determining that the calculated estimated delivery time is later than an estimated delivery time that has already been transmitted to the premium user, the order of delivery such that the package for the premium user will be delivered before the estimated delivery time that has already been transmitted to the premium user, and wherein the communicator transmits the corrected delivery information to the second information terminal. 20. The presentation device according to claim 1,
wherein the communicator receives nondelivery information, which indicates that one of the packages has not been delivered, from the second information terminal, wherein, if the nondelivery information is received and a user corresponding to the package that has not been delivered is a premium user, whose degree of interest is equal to or higher than a threshold, the processor generates nondelivery notification information for notifying the premium user that the package has not been delivered, and wherein the communicator transmits the nondelivery notification information to the first information terminal owned by the premium user. 21. The presentation device according to claim 1,
wherein the communicator receives positional information indicating a current position of the first information terminal, and wherein the processor extracts, from the packages, packages whose destinations are located within a certain range from the current position and sets the order of delivery of the extracted packages on the basis of the corresponding degrees of interest. 22. A presentation method used by a presentation device including a processor and a communicator to present order of delivery of packages to be delivered by a delivery vehicle, the communicator being communicably connected to one or more first information terminals, which are information terminals owned by one or more users to which the packages are to be delivered, and a second information terminal, which is an information terminal provided for the delivery vehicle, over a certain network, the presentation method comprising:
transmitting delivery notification information for notifying each of the users of information regarding the corresponding package to the first information terminal owned by the user; receiving viewing time information indicating a viewing time of the delivery notification information from each of the first information terminals; calculating a degree of interest of each of the users in the corresponding package, the degree of interest being calculated on a basis of a difference between a transmission time of the delivery notification information corresponding to the package and the viewing time indicated by the viewing time information; setting the order of delivery of the packages on the basis of the degrees of interest; and transmitting delivery order information indicating the order of delivery to the second information terminal. 23. A presentation method used by a presentation device including a processor and a communicator to present order of delivery of packages to be delivered by a delivery vehicle, the communicator being communicably connected to one or more first information terminals, which are information terminals owned by one or more users to which the packages are to be delivered, and a second information terminal, which is an information terminal provided for the delivery vehicle, over a certain network, the presentation method comprising:
transmitting delivery notification information for notifying each of the users of information regarding the corresponding package to the first information terminal owned by the user; receiving viewing information indicating that the delivery notification information has been viewed on the first information terminal from each of the first information terminals; calculating a degree of interest of each of the users in the corresponding package, the degree of interest being calculated on a basis of a viewing ratio of the delivery notification information calculated from the viewing information corresponding to the package; setting the order of delivery of the packages on the basis of the degrees of interest; and transmitting delivery order information indicating the order of delivery to the second information terminal. 24. A presentation method used by a presentation device including a processor and a communicator to present order of delivery of packages to be delivered by a delivery vehicle, the communicator being communicably connected to one or more first information terminals, which are information terminals owned by one or more users to which the packages are to be delivered, and a second information terminal, which is an information terminal provided for the delivery vehicle, over a certain network, the one or more first information terminals being used to view information regarding the corresponding packages, the presentation method comprising:
receiving a viewing history of each of the users about the information regarding the corresponding package from the corresponding first information terminal; calculating a degree of interest of each of the users in the corresponding package, the degree of interest being calculated on a basis of viewing duration of the information regarding the corresponding package calculated from the viewing history corresponding to the package; and setting the order of delivery of the packages on the basis of the degrees of interest; and transmitting delivery order information indicating the order of delivery to the second information terminal. 25. A presentation method used by a presentation device including a processor, a communicator, and a memory to present order of delivery of packages to be delivered by a delivery vehicle, the memory storing a delivery history in which degrees of interest of one or more users, to whom the packages are to be delivered, in packages delivered in past and attribute information indicating attributes of the packages delivered in the past are associated with each other, the communicator being communicably connected to one or more first information terminals, which are information terminals owned by the one or more users to which the packages are to be delivered, and a second information terminal, which is an information terminal provided for the delivery vehicle, over a certain network, the presentation method comprising:
receiving attribute information regarding the packages to be delivered; estimating the degree of interest of each of the one or more users in the corresponding package on a basis of a level of similarity between a feature value of the attribute information included in the delivery history and a feature value of the received attribute information for the user; setting the order of delivery of the packages on the basis of the degrees of interest; and transmitting delivery order information indicating the order of delivery to the second information terminal. 26. A presentation device comprising:
a communicator that repeats transmission of an i-th piece of information regarding an i-th package to an i-th terminal owned by an i-th user at an i-th transmission time and reception of an i-th piece of viewing time information, which indicates that the i-th piece of information has been viewed at an i-th viewing time, from the i-th terminal, where i=1 to n; and a processor that repeats calculation of an i-th degree of interest in the i-th package based on an i-th difference between the i-th viewing time and the i-th transmission time, where i=1 to n, wherein i is a natural number and n is a natural number equal to or larger than 2, wherein a p-th difference corresponding to a p-th package is smaller than a q-th difference corresponding to a q-th package, a p-th degree of interest is larger than a q-th degree of interest, order of delivery indicates that delivery of the p-th package is earlier than delivery of the q-th package, p is a natural number, q is a natural number, 1≤p, q≤n, and p≠q, wherein the processor repeats determination of a class to which the i-th package belongs based on the i-th degree of interest, where i=1 to n, wherein a first time span corresponding to a class to which the p-th package belongs is shorter than a second time span corresponding to a class to which the q-th package belongs, wherein the processor determines candidate delivery periods for the p-th package, wherein the candidate delivery periods for the p-th package each have the first time span, wherein the processor determines candidate delivery periods for the q-th package, wherein the candidate delivery periods for the q-th package each have the second time span, wherein the communicator transmits the candidate delivery periods for the p-th package to a p-th terminal and the candidate delivery periods for the q-th package to a q-th terminal, wherein the communicator obtains, from the p-th terminal, a p-th period selected from the candidate delivery periods for the p-th package and, from the q-th terminal, a q-th period selected from the candidate delivery periods for the q-th package, wherein, if a destination of an r-th package and a destination of the p-th package are in a same building and a class to which the r-th package belongs determined on a basis of an r-th degree of interest corresponds to the first time span, the processor changes the class to which the r-th package belongs from the class corresponding to the first time span to a class corresponding to the second time span, where r is a natural number, 1≤r≤n, r≠p, and r≠q, wherein the processor determines candidate delivery periods for the r-th package, wherein the candidate delivery periods for the r-th package each have the second time span, wherein the communicator transmits the candidate delivery periods for the r-th package to an r-th terminal, wherein the communicator obtains an r-th period selected from the candidate delivery periods for the r-th package from the r-th terminal, wherein the processor determines order of delivery of first to n-th packages on the basis of the p-th, q-th, and r-th periods, and wherein the communicator transmits delivery order information indicating the order of delivery to a terminal provided for a delivery vehicle into which the first to n-th packages are loaded. | 2,100 |
341,152 | 16,801,464 | 2,192 | A light guide device includes a base with the light-incident surface facing toward the light-emitting side of light-emitting devices, and light guide components each having three or more light-emitting surfaces respectively define with the base a respective contained angle for causing a glare effect when light passes through the respective light guide components. The light guide components guide the incident light to the entire light guide device to improve the uniformity of the overall brightness, enabling the light guide device to emit a transparent and bright aesthetic sense and to produce a glare effect that looks like aurora. | 1. A light guide device for use in computers and computer peripheral devices to improve brightness uniformity, comprising a base provided with a light-incident surface at one side thereof to face a light-emitting side of a plurality of predetermined light-emitting devices and a plurality of continuously connected and irregularly configured light guide components located on at least one side of said base for improving the uniformity of brightness, each said light guide component comprising at least three light-emitting surfaces for refracting incident light, each said light-emitting surface defining with said base a respective contained angle within the range of 10°˜85° for causing a glare effect when light passes through the respective said light guide component, at least one contained angle of said at least one light guide component is different from the at least one contained angle of another said light guide component. 2. The light guide device as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least two said light guide components are formed on said base in a square area of 1 square centimeter. 3. The light guide device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said light-incident surface of said base is planar. 4. The light guide device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the contained angle defined between each said light-emitting surface defining and said base is preferably within the range of 25°˜65°. 5. The light guide device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said light guide components are selectively triangular, tetragonal, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal or octagonal shape. 6. The light guide device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of each said light guide component is within the range of 0.8 mm˜1.2 mm; the pitch of said predetermined light-emitting devices is 15 mm. 7. The light guide device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a mounting structure located on said base, said mounting structure comprising a plurality of recessed receiving grooves respectively located on opposing left and right sides of said base and facing in opposite directions, a cylindrical positioning column protruded from an inner wall of each said recessed receiving groove, and two hooks respectively located at two opposite ends of said base in reversed directions. 8. A light guide device for use in computers and computer peripheral devices to improve brightness uniformity, comprising a base provided with a light-incident surface at one side thereof to face a light-emitting side of a plurality of predetermined light-emitting devices and a plurality of continuously connected and irregularly configured light guide components located on at least one side of said base for improving the uniformity of brightness, each said light guide component comprising at least three light-emitting surfaces disposed corresponding to said light-emitting surfaces of the respective said light guide components for refracting incident light, each said light-emitting surface defining with said base a respective contained angle within the range of 10°˜85° for causing a glare effect when light passes through the respective said light guide component, at least one contained angle of said at least one light guide component is different from the at least one contained angle of another said light guide component, said light guide components including two outer light guide components and a plurality of inner light guide components of two different heights alternatively arranged between said two outer light guide components, the height of said two outer light guide components being larger than the heights of said inner light guide components. 9. The light guide device as claimed in claim 8, wherein at least two said light guide components are formed on said base in a square area of 1 square centimeter. 10. The light guide device as claimed in claim 8, wherein said light-incident surface of said base is planar. 11. The light guide device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the contained angle defined between each said light-emitting surface defining and said base is preferably within the range of 25°˜65°. 12. The light guide device as claimed in claim 8, wherein said light guide components are selectively triangular, tetragonal, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal or octagonal shape. 13. The light guide device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the height of each said light guide component is within the range of 0.8 mm˜1.2 mm; the pitch of said predetermined light-emitting devices is 15 mm. 14. The light guide device as claimed in claim 8, further comprising a mounting structure located on said base, said mounting structure comprising a plurality of recessed receiving grooves respectively located on opposing left and right sides of said base and facing in opposite directions, a cylindrical positioning column protruded from an inner wall of each said recessed receiving groove, and two hooks respectively located at two opposite ends of said base in reversed directions. | A light guide device includes a base with the light-incident surface facing toward the light-emitting side of light-emitting devices, and light guide components each having three or more light-emitting surfaces respectively define with the base a respective contained angle for causing a glare effect when light passes through the respective light guide components. The light guide components guide the incident light to the entire light guide device to improve the uniformity of the overall brightness, enabling the light guide device to emit a transparent and bright aesthetic sense and to produce a glare effect that looks like aurora.1. A light guide device for use in computers and computer peripheral devices to improve brightness uniformity, comprising a base provided with a light-incident surface at one side thereof to face a light-emitting side of a plurality of predetermined light-emitting devices and a plurality of continuously connected and irregularly configured light guide components located on at least one side of said base for improving the uniformity of brightness, each said light guide component comprising at least three light-emitting surfaces for refracting incident light, each said light-emitting surface defining with said base a respective contained angle within the range of 10°˜85° for causing a glare effect when light passes through the respective said light guide component, at least one contained angle of said at least one light guide component is different from the at least one contained angle of another said light guide component. 2. The light guide device as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least two said light guide components are formed on said base in a square area of 1 square centimeter. 3. The light guide device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said light-incident surface of said base is planar. 4. The light guide device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the contained angle defined between each said light-emitting surface defining and said base is preferably within the range of 25°˜65°. 5. The light guide device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said light guide components are selectively triangular, tetragonal, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal or octagonal shape. 6. The light guide device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of each said light guide component is within the range of 0.8 mm˜1.2 mm; the pitch of said predetermined light-emitting devices is 15 mm. 7. The light guide device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a mounting structure located on said base, said mounting structure comprising a plurality of recessed receiving grooves respectively located on opposing left and right sides of said base and facing in opposite directions, a cylindrical positioning column protruded from an inner wall of each said recessed receiving groove, and two hooks respectively located at two opposite ends of said base in reversed directions. 8. A light guide device for use in computers and computer peripheral devices to improve brightness uniformity, comprising a base provided with a light-incident surface at one side thereof to face a light-emitting side of a plurality of predetermined light-emitting devices and a plurality of continuously connected and irregularly configured light guide components located on at least one side of said base for improving the uniformity of brightness, each said light guide component comprising at least three light-emitting surfaces disposed corresponding to said light-emitting surfaces of the respective said light guide components for refracting incident light, each said light-emitting surface defining with said base a respective contained angle within the range of 10°˜85° for causing a glare effect when light passes through the respective said light guide component, at least one contained angle of said at least one light guide component is different from the at least one contained angle of another said light guide component, said light guide components including two outer light guide components and a plurality of inner light guide components of two different heights alternatively arranged between said two outer light guide components, the height of said two outer light guide components being larger than the heights of said inner light guide components. 9. The light guide device as claimed in claim 8, wherein at least two said light guide components are formed on said base in a square area of 1 square centimeter. 10. The light guide device as claimed in claim 8, wherein said light-incident surface of said base is planar. 11. The light guide device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the contained angle defined between each said light-emitting surface defining and said base is preferably within the range of 25°˜65°. 12. The light guide device as claimed in claim 8, wherein said light guide components are selectively triangular, tetragonal, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal or octagonal shape. 13. The light guide device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the height of each said light guide component is within the range of 0.8 mm˜1.2 mm; the pitch of said predetermined light-emitting devices is 15 mm. 14. The light guide device as claimed in claim 8, further comprising a mounting structure located on said base, said mounting structure comprising a plurality of recessed receiving grooves respectively located on opposing left and right sides of said base and facing in opposite directions, a cylindrical positioning column protruded from an inner wall of each said recessed receiving groove, and two hooks respectively located at two opposite ends of said base in reversed directions. | 2,100 |
341,153 | 16,801,438 | 2,896 | Provided are systems and methods for a predictive analysis system, comprising: at least one first sensor at a first location of interest that receives a first source of sensor data; at least one second sensor at a second location of interest that receives a second source of sensor data; and a predictive data processing device that generates a predictive outcome regarding an anticipated event at the first location of interest in response to an analysis of a combination of the first source of sensor data, the second source of sensor data, and a source of historical data. | 1. A predictive analysis system, comprising:
at least one first sensor at a first location of interest that receives a first source of sensor data; at least one second sensor at a second location of interest that receives a second source of sensor data; and a predictive data processing device that generates a predictive outcome regarding an anticipated event at the first location of interest in response to an analysis of a combination of the first source of sensor data, the second source of sensor data, and a source of historical data. 2. The predictive analysis system of claim 1, wherein the predictive outcome controls a machine potentially impacted by the anticipated event. 3. The predictive analysis system of claim 1, wherein the anticipated event is a chemical or gas hazard. 4. The predictive analysis system of claim 1, wherein the first sensor collects a real-time actual environmental condition at the first location of interest as the first source of sensor data, and the second sensor collects information that is a possible impact on the first source of sensor data. 5. The predictive analysis system of claim 1, further comprising an analytics computer that is trained to generate an analytics input to the predictive data processing device in response to performing the analysis of the combination of the first source of sensor data, the second source of sensor data, and a source of historical data. 6. The predictive analysis system of claim 1, wherein the predictive data processing device receives the first source of sensor data as raw data and compares the raw data to the historical data which includes previously collected sources of data from the at least one first sensor to generate the predictive outcome. 7. The predictive analysis system of claim 1, wherein the predictive outcome is constructed and arranged for modifying a displayed object replica to include the predictive outcome. 8. A predictive data processing device, comprising:
a first input that receives a first source of sensor data from at least one first sensor at a first location of interest; a second input that receives a second source of sensor data from at least one second sensor at a second location of interest; a third input that receives a source of historical data; and a special-purpose processor that generates a predictive outcome regarding an anticipated event at the first location of interest in response to an analysis of a combination of the first source of sensor data, the second source of sensor data, and the source of historical data. 9. The predictive data processing device of claim 8, wherein the predictive outcome controls a machine potentially impacted by the anticipated event. 10. The predictive data processing device of claim 8, wherein the anticipated event is a chemical or gas hazard. 11. The predictive data processing device of claim 8, wherein the special-purpose processor is further constructed and arranged to process an analytics input that includes trained machine learning data generated in response to an analysis performed on the first source of sensor data, the second source of sensor data, and a source of historical data. 12. The predictive data processing device of claim 8, wherein the first input receives the first source of sensor data as raw data and compares the raw data to the historical data which includes previously collected sources of data from the at least one first sensor to generate the predictive outcome. 13. The predictive data processing device of claim 8, wherein the predictive outcome is constructed and arranged for modifying a displayed object replica to include the predictive outcome. 14. A system that predicts air quality at a location, comprising:
at least one gas or chemical sensor at a first location of interest that receives a first source of sensor data; at least one third party sensor at a second location of interest that receives a second source of sensor data; and a predictive data processing device that generates a predictive outcome regarding a possible gas or chemical hazard at the first location of interest in response to an analysis of a combination of the first source of sensor data, the second source of sensor data, and a source of historical data. | Provided are systems and methods for a predictive analysis system, comprising: at least one first sensor at a first location of interest that receives a first source of sensor data; at least one second sensor at a second location of interest that receives a second source of sensor data; and a predictive data processing device that generates a predictive outcome regarding an anticipated event at the first location of interest in response to an analysis of a combination of the first source of sensor data, the second source of sensor data, and a source of historical data.1. A predictive analysis system, comprising:
at least one first sensor at a first location of interest that receives a first source of sensor data; at least one second sensor at a second location of interest that receives a second source of sensor data; and a predictive data processing device that generates a predictive outcome regarding an anticipated event at the first location of interest in response to an analysis of a combination of the first source of sensor data, the second source of sensor data, and a source of historical data. 2. The predictive analysis system of claim 1, wherein the predictive outcome controls a machine potentially impacted by the anticipated event. 3. The predictive analysis system of claim 1, wherein the anticipated event is a chemical or gas hazard. 4. The predictive analysis system of claim 1, wherein the first sensor collects a real-time actual environmental condition at the first location of interest as the first source of sensor data, and the second sensor collects information that is a possible impact on the first source of sensor data. 5. The predictive analysis system of claim 1, further comprising an analytics computer that is trained to generate an analytics input to the predictive data processing device in response to performing the analysis of the combination of the first source of sensor data, the second source of sensor data, and a source of historical data. 6. The predictive analysis system of claim 1, wherein the predictive data processing device receives the first source of sensor data as raw data and compares the raw data to the historical data which includes previously collected sources of data from the at least one first sensor to generate the predictive outcome. 7. The predictive analysis system of claim 1, wherein the predictive outcome is constructed and arranged for modifying a displayed object replica to include the predictive outcome. 8. A predictive data processing device, comprising:
a first input that receives a first source of sensor data from at least one first sensor at a first location of interest; a second input that receives a second source of sensor data from at least one second sensor at a second location of interest; a third input that receives a source of historical data; and a special-purpose processor that generates a predictive outcome regarding an anticipated event at the first location of interest in response to an analysis of a combination of the first source of sensor data, the second source of sensor data, and the source of historical data. 9. The predictive data processing device of claim 8, wherein the predictive outcome controls a machine potentially impacted by the anticipated event. 10. The predictive data processing device of claim 8, wherein the anticipated event is a chemical or gas hazard. 11. The predictive data processing device of claim 8, wherein the special-purpose processor is further constructed and arranged to process an analytics input that includes trained machine learning data generated in response to an analysis performed on the first source of sensor data, the second source of sensor data, and a source of historical data. 12. The predictive data processing device of claim 8, wherein the first input receives the first source of sensor data as raw data and compares the raw data to the historical data which includes previously collected sources of data from the at least one first sensor to generate the predictive outcome. 13. The predictive data processing device of claim 8, wherein the predictive outcome is constructed and arranged for modifying a displayed object replica to include the predictive outcome. 14. A system that predicts air quality at a location, comprising:
at least one gas or chemical sensor at a first location of interest that receives a first source of sensor data; at least one third party sensor at a second location of interest that receives a second source of sensor data; and a predictive data processing device that generates a predictive outcome regarding a possible gas or chemical hazard at the first location of interest in response to an analysis of a combination of the first source of sensor data, the second source of sensor data, and a source of historical data. | 2,800 |
341,154 | 16,801,424 | 2,896 | A method for preparing a measurement sample for MALDI mass spectrometry, the method including applying a laser beam to a base containing a matrix disposed on a surface of the base, in a manner that the laser beam is applied to a surface of the base opposite to the surface on which the matrix is disposed, to make the matrix fly from the base to be disposed at a predetermined position of an analyte of MALDI mass spectrometry. | 1. A method for preparing a measurement sample for MALDI mass spectrometry, the method comprising:
applying a laser beam to a base containing a matrix disposed on a surface of the base, in a manner that the laser beam is applied to a surface of the base opposite to the surface on which the matrix is disposed, to make the matrix fly from the base to be disposed at a predetermined position of an analyte of MALDI mass spectrometry. 2. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the matrix made fly from the base is two or more kinds of matrices. 3. The method according to claim 2,
wherein the two or more kinds of matrices made fly from the base are disposed at mutually different predetermined positions of the analyte of MALDI mass spectrometry. 4. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the matrix is made fly twice or more from the base to be disposed at the predetermined position of the analyte of MALDI mass spectrometry. 5. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the laser beam is an optical vortex laser beam. 6. The method according to claim 1,
wherein an irradiation diameter of the laser beam is 5 μm or greater but 100 μm or less. 7. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the matrix disposed on the surface of the base is in a state of a layer or dots or in a state of both a layer and dots. 8. A device for preparing a measurement sample for MALDI mass spectrometry, comprising:
an irradiation unit configured to apply a laser beam to a surface of a base based on the method according to claim 1. 9. A measurement sample for MALDI mass spectrometry, the measurement sample comprising:
an analyte of MALDI mass spectrometry; and two or more kinds of matrices disposed at predetermined positions of the analyte. 10. A MALDI mass spectrometry method comprising:
performing MALDI mass spectrometry with the measurement sample for MALDI mass spectrometry according to claim 9. 11. A non-transitory recording medium for preparing a measurement sample for MALDI mass spectrometry, the non-transitory recording medium storing a plurality of instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to perform a method, comprising:
based on position information of an analyte of MALDI mass spectrometry, applying a laser beam to a base containing a matrix disposed on a surface of the base, in a manner that the laser beam is applied to a surface of the base opposite to the surface on which the matrix is disposed, to make the matrix fly from the base to be disposed at a predetermined position of the analyte of MALDI mass spectrometry. | A method for preparing a measurement sample for MALDI mass spectrometry, the method including applying a laser beam to a base containing a matrix disposed on a surface of the base, in a manner that the laser beam is applied to a surface of the base opposite to the surface on which the matrix is disposed, to make the matrix fly from the base to be disposed at a predetermined position of an analyte of MALDI mass spectrometry.1. A method for preparing a measurement sample for MALDI mass spectrometry, the method comprising:
applying a laser beam to a base containing a matrix disposed on a surface of the base, in a manner that the laser beam is applied to a surface of the base opposite to the surface on which the matrix is disposed, to make the matrix fly from the base to be disposed at a predetermined position of an analyte of MALDI mass spectrometry. 2. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the matrix made fly from the base is two or more kinds of matrices. 3. The method according to claim 2,
wherein the two or more kinds of matrices made fly from the base are disposed at mutually different predetermined positions of the analyte of MALDI mass spectrometry. 4. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the matrix is made fly twice or more from the base to be disposed at the predetermined position of the analyte of MALDI mass spectrometry. 5. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the laser beam is an optical vortex laser beam. 6. The method according to claim 1,
wherein an irradiation diameter of the laser beam is 5 μm or greater but 100 μm or less. 7. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the matrix disposed on the surface of the base is in a state of a layer or dots or in a state of both a layer and dots. 8. A device for preparing a measurement sample for MALDI mass spectrometry, comprising:
an irradiation unit configured to apply a laser beam to a surface of a base based on the method according to claim 1. 9. A measurement sample for MALDI mass spectrometry, the measurement sample comprising:
an analyte of MALDI mass spectrometry; and two or more kinds of matrices disposed at predetermined positions of the analyte. 10. A MALDI mass spectrometry method comprising:
performing MALDI mass spectrometry with the measurement sample for MALDI mass spectrometry according to claim 9. 11. A non-transitory recording medium for preparing a measurement sample for MALDI mass spectrometry, the non-transitory recording medium storing a plurality of instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to perform a method, comprising:
based on position information of an analyte of MALDI mass spectrometry, applying a laser beam to a base containing a matrix disposed on a surface of the base, in a manner that the laser beam is applied to a surface of the base opposite to the surface on which the matrix is disposed, to make the matrix fly from the base to be disposed at a predetermined position of the analyte of MALDI mass spectrometry. | 2,800 |
341,155 | 16,801,430 | 2,896 | The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for dynamic firewall discovery on a service plane. The method includes the steps of identifying a source data packet for transmission from a source machine at a source site to a destination machine at a destination site, wherein the source data packet corresponds to a request for connection between the source machine and the destination machine over a WAN, inspecting the source data packet at a first firewall associated with the source site, marking the source data packet with a marker to indicate inspection by the first firewall, transmitting the marked source data packet to the destination site, determining at the destination site that the source data packet has been inspected based on the marker, and forwarding the source data packet to the destination machine at the destination site, without inspection of the source data packet by a second firewall associated with the destination site. | 1. A system, comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause one or more components of the system to perform operations comprising:
identifying a source data packet for transmission from a source machine at a source site to a destination machine at a destination site, wherein the source data packet corresponds to a request for connection between the source machine and the destination machine over a wide area network (WAN);
inspecting the source data packet at a first firewall associated with the source site;
marking the source data packet with a marker to indicate inspection by the first firewall;
transmitting the marked source data packet to the destination site;
determining, at the destination site, that the source data packet has been inspected based on the marker; and
forwarding the source data packet to the destination machine at the destination site, without inspection of the source data packet by a second firewall associated with the destination site. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
identifying an acknowledgment data packet for reverse transmission from the destination machine at the destination site to the source machine at the source site, wherein the acknowledgment data packet is to be reverse transmitted in response to the source data packet; transmitting the acknowledgement data packet from the destination site to the source site without inspection of the acknowledgment data packet by the second firewall associated with the destination site; determining, at the source site, that the acknowledgment data packet is associated with the source data packet; inspecting the acknowledgment data packet at the first firewall associated with the source site; and forwarding the acknowledgment data packet to the source machine at the source site. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the source data packet is a SYN packet, and the acknowledgement data packet is a SYN/ACK packet. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the marking step further comprises:
creating a flow table entry associated with the source data packet. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the acknowledgment data packet is determined to be associated with the source data packet based on the flow table entry. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the marker is based on a field of a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) header of the source data packet. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the marker comprises:
a redirect flag. 8. A method, comprising:
identifying a source data packet for transmission from a source machine at a source site to a destination machine at a destination site, wherein the source data packet corresponds to a request for connection between the source machine and the destination machine over a wide area network (WAN); inspecting the source data packet at a first firewall associated with the source site; marking the source data packet with a marker to indicate inspection by the first firewall; transmitting the marked source data packet to the destination site; determining, at the destination site, that the source data packet has been inspected based on the marker; and forwarding the source data packet to the destination machine at the destination site, without inspection of the source data packet by a second firewall associated with the destination site. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
identifying an acknowledgment data packet for reverse transmission from the destination machine at the destination site to the source machine at the source site, wherein the acknowledgment data packet is to be reverse transmitted in response to the source data packet; transmitting the acknowledgement data packet from the destination site to the source site without inspection of the acknowledgment data packet by the second firewall associated with the destination site; determining, at the source site, that the acknowledgment data packet is associated with the source data packet; inspecting the acknowledgment data packet at the first firewall associated with the source site; and forwarding the acknowledgment data packet to the source machine at the source site. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the source data packet is a SYN packet, and the acknowledgement data packet is a SYN/ACK packet. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the marking step further comprises:
creating a flow table entry associated with the source data packet. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the acknowledgment data packet is determined to be associated with the source data packet based on the flow table entry. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the marker is based on a field in a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) header of the source data packet. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the marker comprises:
a redirect flag. 15. One or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media embodying instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the performance of operations comprising:
identifying a source data packet for transmission from a source machine at a source site to a destination machine at a destination site, wherein the source data packet corresponds to a request for connection between the source machine and the destination machine over a wide area network (WAN); inspecting the source data packet at a first firewall associated with the source site; marking the source data packet with a marker to indicate inspection by the first firewall; transmitting the marked source data packet to the destination site; determining, at the destination site, that the source data packet has been inspected based on the marker; and forwarding the source data packet to the destination machine at the destination site, without inspection of the source data packet by a second firewall associated with the destination site. 16. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
identifying an acknowledgment data packet for reverse transmission from the destination machine at the destination site to the source machine at the source site, wherein the acknowledgment data packet is to be reverse transmitted in response to the source data packet; transmitting the acknowledgement data packet from the destination site to the source site without inspection of the acknowledgment data packet by the second firewall associated with the destination site; determining, at the source site, that the acknowledgment data packet is associated with the source data packet; inspecting the acknowledgment data packet at the first firewall associated with the source site; and forwarding the acknowledgment data packet to the source machine at the source site. 17. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 16, wherein the source data packet is a SYN packet, and the acknowledgement data packet is a SYN/ACK packet. 18. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 16, wherein the marking step further comprises:
creating a flow table entry associated with the source data packet. 19. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 18, wherein the acknowledgment data packet is determined to be associated with the source data packet based on the flow table entry. 20. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, wherein the marker is based on a field of a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) header of the source data packet. | The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for dynamic firewall discovery on a service plane. The method includes the steps of identifying a source data packet for transmission from a source machine at a source site to a destination machine at a destination site, wherein the source data packet corresponds to a request for connection between the source machine and the destination machine over a WAN, inspecting the source data packet at a first firewall associated with the source site, marking the source data packet with a marker to indicate inspection by the first firewall, transmitting the marked source data packet to the destination site, determining at the destination site that the source data packet has been inspected based on the marker, and forwarding the source data packet to the destination machine at the destination site, without inspection of the source data packet by a second firewall associated with the destination site.1. A system, comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause one or more components of the system to perform operations comprising:
identifying a source data packet for transmission from a source machine at a source site to a destination machine at a destination site, wherein the source data packet corresponds to a request for connection between the source machine and the destination machine over a wide area network (WAN);
inspecting the source data packet at a first firewall associated with the source site;
marking the source data packet with a marker to indicate inspection by the first firewall;
transmitting the marked source data packet to the destination site;
determining, at the destination site, that the source data packet has been inspected based on the marker; and
forwarding the source data packet to the destination machine at the destination site, without inspection of the source data packet by a second firewall associated with the destination site. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
identifying an acknowledgment data packet for reverse transmission from the destination machine at the destination site to the source machine at the source site, wherein the acknowledgment data packet is to be reverse transmitted in response to the source data packet; transmitting the acknowledgement data packet from the destination site to the source site without inspection of the acknowledgment data packet by the second firewall associated with the destination site; determining, at the source site, that the acknowledgment data packet is associated with the source data packet; inspecting the acknowledgment data packet at the first firewall associated with the source site; and forwarding the acknowledgment data packet to the source machine at the source site. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the source data packet is a SYN packet, and the acknowledgement data packet is a SYN/ACK packet. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein the marking step further comprises:
creating a flow table entry associated with the source data packet. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the acknowledgment data packet is determined to be associated with the source data packet based on the flow table entry. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the marker is based on a field of a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) header of the source data packet. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the marker comprises:
a redirect flag. 8. A method, comprising:
identifying a source data packet for transmission from a source machine at a source site to a destination machine at a destination site, wherein the source data packet corresponds to a request for connection between the source machine and the destination machine over a wide area network (WAN); inspecting the source data packet at a first firewall associated with the source site; marking the source data packet with a marker to indicate inspection by the first firewall; transmitting the marked source data packet to the destination site; determining, at the destination site, that the source data packet has been inspected based on the marker; and forwarding the source data packet to the destination machine at the destination site, without inspection of the source data packet by a second firewall associated with the destination site. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
identifying an acknowledgment data packet for reverse transmission from the destination machine at the destination site to the source machine at the source site, wherein the acknowledgment data packet is to be reverse transmitted in response to the source data packet; transmitting the acknowledgement data packet from the destination site to the source site without inspection of the acknowledgment data packet by the second firewall associated with the destination site; determining, at the source site, that the acknowledgment data packet is associated with the source data packet; inspecting the acknowledgment data packet at the first firewall associated with the source site; and forwarding the acknowledgment data packet to the source machine at the source site. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the source data packet is a SYN packet, and the acknowledgement data packet is a SYN/ACK packet. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the marking step further comprises:
creating a flow table entry associated with the source data packet. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the acknowledgment data packet is determined to be associated with the source data packet based on the flow table entry. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the marker is based on a field in a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) header of the source data packet. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the marker comprises:
a redirect flag. 15. One or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media embodying instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the performance of operations comprising:
identifying a source data packet for transmission from a source machine at a source site to a destination machine at a destination site, wherein the source data packet corresponds to a request for connection between the source machine and the destination machine over a wide area network (WAN); inspecting the source data packet at a first firewall associated with the source site; marking the source data packet with a marker to indicate inspection by the first firewall; transmitting the marked source data packet to the destination site; determining, at the destination site, that the source data packet has been inspected based on the marker; and forwarding the source data packet to the destination machine at the destination site, without inspection of the source data packet by a second firewall associated with the destination site. 16. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
identifying an acknowledgment data packet for reverse transmission from the destination machine at the destination site to the source machine at the source site, wherein the acknowledgment data packet is to be reverse transmitted in response to the source data packet; transmitting the acknowledgement data packet from the destination site to the source site without inspection of the acknowledgment data packet by the second firewall associated with the destination site; determining, at the source site, that the acknowledgment data packet is associated with the source data packet; inspecting the acknowledgment data packet at the first firewall associated with the source site; and forwarding the acknowledgment data packet to the source machine at the source site. 17. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 16, wherein the source data packet is a SYN packet, and the acknowledgement data packet is a SYN/ACK packet. 18. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 16, wherein the marking step further comprises:
creating a flow table entry associated with the source data packet. 19. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 18, wherein the acknowledgment data packet is determined to be associated with the source data packet based on the flow table entry. 20. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, wherein the marker is based on a field of a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) header of the source data packet. | 2,800 |
341,156 | 16,801,443 | 2,896 | To develop a conventional structure of a toner cartridge. The toner cartridge includes a container and an open/close member. The container includes an accommodating portion for accommodating toner, and a discharge opening. The open/close member includes a closing portion for closing the discharge opening, and a closing force receiving portion. The open/close member a movable relative to the container between a closing position for causing the closing portion to the close the discharge opening and an opening position for causing the closing portion to open the discharge opening. The open/close member including a leading end portion and a trailing end portion which are on downstream and upstream sides of the open/close member with respect to a closing direction in which the open/close member moves to close the discharge opening, respectively. An open/close member extends from the leading end portion to the trailing end portion in a range exceeding 180° of a circumference of the container, as the toner cartridge is seen in the longitudinal direction of the container. The closing force receiving portion receives a force for moving the open/close member from the opening position to the closing position when the toner cartridge is dismounted from the receiving apparatus. | 1-40. (canceled) 41. A toner cartridge comprising:
(1) a container including an accommodating portion for accommodating toner, and a discharge opening for discharging the toner from the accommodating portion; (2) an open/close member movable relative to the container between a closed position for causing the closing portion to close the discharge opening and an open position for causing the closing portion to open the discharge opening, wherein the open/close member includes a leading end portion and a trailing end portion which are on downstream and upstream sides of the open/close member with respect to a closing direction in which the open/close member moves to close the discharge opening, respectively, wherein the open/close member extends from the leading end portion to the trailing end portion in a range exceeding 180° of a circumference of the container, as the toner cartridge is seen in the longitudinal direction of the container, and wherein the open/close member is provided with (i) a first engaging portion adjacent to the trailing end portion, with the first engaging portion including a projection projecting in a direction away from the container, and (ii) a second engaging portion adjacent to the leading end portion, with the second engaging portion including a projection projecting in a direction away from the container. | To develop a conventional structure of a toner cartridge. The toner cartridge includes a container and an open/close member. The container includes an accommodating portion for accommodating toner, and a discharge opening. The open/close member includes a closing portion for closing the discharge opening, and a closing force receiving portion. The open/close member a movable relative to the container between a closing position for causing the closing portion to the close the discharge opening and an opening position for causing the closing portion to open the discharge opening. The open/close member including a leading end portion and a trailing end portion which are on downstream and upstream sides of the open/close member with respect to a closing direction in which the open/close member moves to close the discharge opening, respectively. An open/close member extends from the leading end portion to the trailing end portion in a range exceeding 180° of a circumference of the container, as the toner cartridge is seen in the longitudinal direction of the container. The closing force receiving portion receives a force for moving the open/close member from the opening position to the closing position when the toner cartridge is dismounted from the receiving apparatus.1-40. (canceled) 41. A toner cartridge comprising:
(1) a container including an accommodating portion for accommodating toner, and a discharge opening for discharging the toner from the accommodating portion; (2) an open/close member movable relative to the container between a closed position for causing the closing portion to close the discharge opening and an open position for causing the closing portion to open the discharge opening, wherein the open/close member includes a leading end portion and a trailing end portion which are on downstream and upstream sides of the open/close member with respect to a closing direction in which the open/close member moves to close the discharge opening, respectively, wherein the open/close member extends from the leading end portion to the trailing end portion in a range exceeding 180° of a circumference of the container, as the toner cartridge is seen in the longitudinal direction of the container, and wherein the open/close member is provided with (i) a first engaging portion adjacent to the trailing end portion, with the first engaging portion including a projection projecting in a direction away from the container, and (ii) a second engaging portion adjacent to the leading end portion, with the second engaging portion including a projection projecting in a direction away from the container. | 2,800 |
341,157 | 16,801,478 | 2,896 | A latch assembly for a closure panel of a motor vehicle and corresponding method of operation are provided. The latch assembly includes a latch housing for attachment to the closure panel and contains an actuation group to latch and unlatch the closure panel. An electronic control circuit that has a latch controller is disposed within the latch housing and is coupled to the at least one actuation group. The electronic control circuit includes a motor voltage and current sensing circuit for sensing a motor current and a motor voltage of a remote electric motor disposed remotely from the latch housing. The latch controller monitors and controls the actuation group and determine at least one of a motor rotational position and a motor speed of the remote electric motor based on at least one of the motor current signal and the motor voltage signal and controls the remote electric motor accordingly. | 1. A latch assembly for a closure panel of a motor vehicle, comprising:
a latch housing for attachment to the closure panel; at least one actuation group disposed within the latch housing and being movable to latch and unlatch the closure panel; an electronic control circuit having a latch controller disposed within the latch housing and coupled to the at least one actuation group, and coupled to at least one remote electric motor of a remote motor assembly disposed remotely from the latch housing, the latch controller configured to monitor and control the at least one actuation group 6′ and monitor and control the at least one remote electric motor. 2. The latch assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the electronic control circuit includes a motor voltage and current sensing circuit for sensing a motor current and a motor voltage of the at least one remote electric motor of the remote motor assembly disposed remotely from the latch housing;
the motor voltage and current sensing circuit configured to output a motor current signal and a motor voltage signal to the latch controller; and the latch controller configured to:
monitor and control the at least one actuation group,
determine at least one of a motor rotational position and a motor speed of the at least one remote electric motor based on at least one of the motor current signal and the motor voltage signal, and
control the at least one remote electric motor using the at least one of the motor rotational position and the motor speed of the at least one remote electric motor. 3. The latch assembly as set forth in claim 2, wherein the at least one remote electric motor is a mechanically commutated direct current electric motor and the latch controller is further configured to:
detect and count a plurality of ripple peaks of the motor current signal, and determine at least one of the motor rotational position and the motor speed of the at least one remote electric motor based on a quantity of the plurality of ripple peaks counted. 4. The latch assembly as set forth in claim 2, wherein the electronic control circuit includes a four-terminal shunt resistor electrically coupled in series between the at least one remote electric motor and the motor voltage and current sensing circuit and wherein the motor voltage and current sensing circuit includes a pair of current sense amplifiers electrically coupled to a four-terminal shunt resistor to sense current in a first rotational direction of the at least one remote electric motor and a second rotational direction of the at least one remote electric motor opposite the first rotational direction. 5. The latch assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the latch controller is further configured to:
monitor a state of the latch assembly and of the remote motor assembly including the at least one remote electric motor; activate at least one of the at least one remote electric motor and the at least one actuation group in response monitoring a state of the latch assembly and of the remote motor assembly. 6. The latch assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the latch assembly is disposed in a side door of the motor vehicle and the at least one remote electric motor is part of a window regulator without another controller and being controlled by no other controller besides the latch controller and the latch controller is further configured to move a window coupled to and movable by the at least one remote electric motor. 7. The latch assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the latch controller is further configured to:
monitor for and detect a lock signal from a key fob in communication with the latch controller; determine whether a window coupled to and movable by the at least one remote electric motor is in an open position in response to detecting the lock signal from the key fob; and control a latch electric motor of the at least one actuation group to latch the latch assembly and control the at least one remote electric motor to close the window in response to determining the window is in the open position. 8. A method of operating a latch assembly of a closure panel of a motor vehicle, comprising the steps of:
monitoring and controlling at least one actuation group of the latch assembly disposed within a latch housing of the latch assembly and being movable to latch and unlatch the closure panel using an electronic control circuit having a latch controller disposed within the latch housing; sensing at least one of a motor rotational position and a motor speed of at least one remote electric motor disposed remotely from the latch housing; and controlling the at least one remote electric motor using the at least one of a motor rotational position and a motor speed of the at least one remote electric motor using the latch controller. 9. The method as set forth in claim 8, wherein the step of sensing at least one of a motor rotational position and a motor speed of the at least one remote electric motor disposed remotely from the latch housing comprises sensing a motor current and a motor voltage of at least one remote electric motor disposed remotely from the latch housing and outputting a motor current signal and a motor voltage signal using a motor voltage and current sensing circuit of an electronic control circuit of the latch assembly; and further comprising the step of:
determining at least one of a motor rotational position and a motor speed of the at least one remote electric motor based on at least one of the motor current signal and the motor voltage signal using the latch controller; and controlling the at least one remote electric motor using the at least one of the motor rotational position and the motor speed of the at least one remote electric motor using the latch controller. 10. The method as set forth in claim 9, wherein the at least one remote electric motor is a mechanically commutated direct current electric motor and the step of sensing the motor current and the motor voltage of the at least one remote electric motor disposed remotely from the latch housing and outputting the motor current signal and the motor voltage signal using the motor voltage and current sensing circuit of the electronic control circuit of the latch assembly includes the step of detecting and counting a plurality of ripple peaks in the motor current signal of the at least one remote electric motor electrically coupled to the latch assembly using the motor voltage and current sensing circuit of the electronic control circuit of the latch assembly and wherein the step of determining at least one of the motor rotational position and the motor speed of the at least one remote electric motor based on at least one of the motor current signal and the motor voltage signal includes determining at least one of the motor rotational position and the motor speed of the at least one remote electric motor based on a quantity of the plurality of ripple peaks counted using the latch controller. 11. The method as set forth in claim 8, further including the steps of: monitoring a state of the latch assembly and of a remote motor assembly; and
activating at least one of the at least one remote electric motor and the at least one actuation group in response monitoring a state of the latch assembly and of the remote motor assembly. 12. The method as set forth in claim 8, further including the steps of:
monitoring a cinching position of a ratchet of the at least one actuation group using the latch controller; determining an initiation of cinch based on the cinching position using the latch controller; and activating the at least one remote electric motor in response to an initiation of cinch to begin moving a window coupled to and movable by the at least one remote electric motor toward an upper frame of a body of the motor vehicle using the latch controller. 13. The method as set forth in claim 12, further including the step of ensuring the window has not engaged the upper frame before the ratchet of the latch assembly reaches a primary position using the latch controller. 14. The method as set forth in claim 13, wherein the at least one remote electric motor is a mechanically commutated direct current electric motor and the step of ensuring the window has not engaged the upper frame before the ratchet of the latch assembly reaches a primary position using the latch controller includes monitoring a plurality of ripple peaks in a motor current signal of the at least one remote electric motor electrically coupled to the latch assembly. 15. The method as set forth in claim 8, further including the steps of:
monitoring for and detecting a lock signal from a key fob using the latch controller; determining whether a window coupled to and movable by the at least one remote electric motor is in an open position in response to detecting the lock signal from the key fob using the latch controller; and controlling a latch electric motor of an actuation group to latch the latch assembly and controlling the at least one remote electric motor to close the window in response to determining the window is in the open position using the latch controller. 16. The method as set forth in claim 8, further including the step of moving a window coupled to and movable by the at least one remote electric motor to a short drop position allowing the closure panel to be moved past a seal without deflecting the seal in response to determining actuation of at least one of an external handle and an internal handle of the closure panel. 17. A system for controlling at least one actuator assembly for a closure panel of a motor vehicle, comprising:
a latch assembly comprising an electronic control circuit having a latch controller disposed within a latch housing and coupled to at least one actuation group; and at least one remote electric motor of the at least one actuator assembly in electrical connection with the electronic control circuit, the at least one remote electric motor housed within a remote motor assembly disposed remotely from the latch housing; wherein the latch controller is configured to monitor and control the at least one actuation group and monitor and control the at least one remote electric motor. 18. The system as set forth in claim 17, wherein the electronic control circuit is coupled to a power source, the electronic control circuit configured to supply power provided by the power source to the at least one remote electric motor by at least one power supply line and detect at least one of a motor rotational position and a motor speed of the remote electric motor using a signal generated by the at least one remote electric motor and supplied over the at least one power supply line. 19. The system as set forth in claim 17, wherein the at least one actuation group includes a ratchet selectively rotatable to engage a striker fixed to a body of the motor vehicle and the latch controller is further configured to:
monitor a cinching position of the ratchet, determine an initiation of cinch based on the cinching position, activate the at least one remote electric motor in response to an initiation of cinch to begin moving a window coupled to and movable by the at least one remote electric motor toward an upper frame of the body of the motor vehicle, and ensure the window has not engaged the upper frame before the ratchet of the at least one actuation group reaches a primary position. 20. The system as set forth in claim 17, wherein the electronic control circuit further includes a backup energy source subassembly disposed in the latch housing and configured to supply electrical energy to the latch assembly in case of failure or interruption of a main power source of the motor vehicle and the latch controller is further configured to:
monitor at least one crash sensor in communication with the latch controller to determine if there is a crash event; monitor at least one handle sensor in communication with the latch controller to determine actuation of at least one of an external handle and an internal handle of the closure panel; and utilize electrical energy from the backup energy source subassembly for a latch electric motor of the at least one actuation group to unlatch the latch assembly and power the at least one remote electric motor in response to determining there is a crash event and in response to determining actuation of at least one of the external handle and the internal handle of the closure panel. | A latch assembly for a closure panel of a motor vehicle and corresponding method of operation are provided. The latch assembly includes a latch housing for attachment to the closure panel and contains an actuation group to latch and unlatch the closure panel. An electronic control circuit that has a latch controller is disposed within the latch housing and is coupled to the at least one actuation group. The electronic control circuit includes a motor voltage and current sensing circuit for sensing a motor current and a motor voltage of a remote electric motor disposed remotely from the latch housing. The latch controller monitors and controls the actuation group and determine at least one of a motor rotational position and a motor speed of the remote electric motor based on at least one of the motor current signal and the motor voltage signal and controls the remote electric motor accordingly.1. A latch assembly for a closure panel of a motor vehicle, comprising:
a latch housing for attachment to the closure panel; at least one actuation group disposed within the latch housing and being movable to latch and unlatch the closure panel; an electronic control circuit having a latch controller disposed within the latch housing and coupled to the at least one actuation group, and coupled to at least one remote electric motor of a remote motor assembly disposed remotely from the latch housing, the latch controller configured to monitor and control the at least one actuation group 6′ and monitor and control the at least one remote electric motor. 2. The latch assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the electronic control circuit includes a motor voltage and current sensing circuit for sensing a motor current and a motor voltage of the at least one remote electric motor of the remote motor assembly disposed remotely from the latch housing;
the motor voltage and current sensing circuit configured to output a motor current signal and a motor voltage signal to the latch controller; and the latch controller configured to:
monitor and control the at least one actuation group,
determine at least one of a motor rotational position and a motor speed of the at least one remote electric motor based on at least one of the motor current signal and the motor voltage signal, and
control the at least one remote electric motor using the at least one of the motor rotational position and the motor speed of the at least one remote electric motor. 3. The latch assembly as set forth in claim 2, wherein the at least one remote electric motor is a mechanically commutated direct current electric motor and the latch controller is further configured to:
detect and count a plurality of ripple peaks of the motor current signal, and determine at least one of the motor rotational position and the motor speed of the at least one remote electric motor based on a quantity of the plurality of ripple peaks counted. 4. The latch assembly as set forth in claim 2, wherein the electronic control circuit includes a four-terminal shunt resistor electrically coupled in series between the at least one remote electric motor and the motor voltage and current sensing circuit and wherein the motor voltage and current sensing circuit includes a pair of current sense amplifiers electrically coupled to a four-terminal shunt resistor to sense current in a first rotational direction of the at least one remote electric motor and a second rotational direction of the at least one remote electric motor opposite the first rotational direction. 5. The latch assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the latch controller is further configured to:
monitor a state of the latch assembly and of the remote motor assembly including the at least one remote electric motor; activate at least one of the at least one remote electric motor and the at least one actuation group in response monitoring a state of the latch assembly and of the remote motor assembly. 6. The latch assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the latch assembly is disposed in a side door of the motor vehicle and the at least one remote electric motor is part of a window regulator without another controller and being controlled by no other controller besides the latch controller and the latch controller is further configured to move a window coupled to and movable by the at least one remote electric motor. 7. The latch assembly as set forth in claim 1, wherein the latch controller is further configured to:
monitor for and detect a lock signal from a key fob in communication with the latch controller; determine whether a window coupled to and movable by the at least one remote electric motor is in an open position in response to detecting the lock signal from the key fob; and control a latch electric motor of the at least one actuation group to latch the latch assembly and control the at least one remote electric motor to close the window in response to determining the window is in the open position. 8. A method of operating a latch assembly of a closure panel of a motor vehicle, comprising the steps of:
monitoring and controlling at least one actuation group of the latch assembly disposed within a latch housing of the latch assembly and being movable to latch and unlatch the closure panel using an electronic control circuit having a latch controller disposed within the latch housing; sensing at least one of a motor rotational position and a motor speed of at least one remote electric motor disposed remotely from the latch housing; and controlling the at least one remote electric motor using the at least one of a motor rotational position and a motor speed of the at least one remote electric motor using the latch controller. 9. The method as set forth in claim 8, wherein the step of sensing at least one of a motor rotational position and a motor speed of the at least one remote electric motor disposed remotely from the latch housing comprises sensing a motor current and a motor voltage of at least one remote electric motor disposed remotely from the latch housing and outputting a motor current signal and a motor voltage signal using a motor voltage and current sensing circuit of an electronic control circuit of the latch assembly; and further comprising the step of:
determining at least one of a motor rotational position and a motor speed of the at least one remote electric motor based on at least one of the motor current signal and the motor voltage signal using the latch controller; and controlling the at least one remote electric motor using the at least one of the motor rotational position and the motor speed of the at least one remote electric motor using the latch controller. 10. The method as set forth in claim 9, wherein the at least one remote electric motor is a mechanically commutated direct current electric motor and the step of sensing the motor current and the motor voltage of the at least one remote electric motor disposed remotely from the latch housing and outputting the motor current signal and the motor voltage signal using the motor voltage and current sensing circuit of the electronic control circuit of the latch assembly includes the step of detecting and counting a plurality of ripple peaks in the motor current signal of the at least one remote electric motor electrically coupled to the latch assembly using the motor voltage and current sensing circuit of the electronic control circuit of the latch assembly and wherein the step of determining at least one of the motor rotational position and the motor speed of the at least one remote electric motor based on at least one of the motor current signal and the motor voltage signal includes determining at least one of the motor rotational position and the motor speed of the at least one remote electric motor based on a quantity of the plurality of ripple peaks counted using the latch controller. 11. The method as set forth in claim 8, further including the steps of: monitoring a state of the latch assembly and of a remote motor assembly; and
activating at least one of the at least one remote electric motor and the at least one actuation group in response monitoring a state of the latch assembly and of the remote motor assembly. 12. The method as set forth in claim 8, further including the steps of:
monitoring a cinching position of a ratchet of the at least one actuation group using the latch controller; determining an initiation of cinch based on the cinching position using the latch controller; and activating the at least one remote electric motor in response to an initiation of cinch to begin moving a window coupled to and movable by the at least one remote electric motor toward an upper frame of a body of the motor vehicle using the latch controller. 13. The method as set forth in claim 12, further including the step of ensuring the window has not engaged the upper frame before the ratchet of the latch assembly reaches a primary position using the latch controller. 14. The method as set forth in claim 13, wherein the at least one remote electric motor is a mechanically commutated direct current electric motor and the step of ensuring the window has not engaged the upper frame before the ratchet of the latch assembly reaches a primary position using the latch controller includes monitoring a plurality of ripple peaks in a motor current signal of the at least one remote electric motor electrically coupled to the latch assembly. 15. The method as set forth in claim 8, further including the steps of:
monitoring for and detecting a lock signal from a key fob using the latch controller; determining whether a window coupled to and movable by the at least one remote electric motor is in an open position in response to detecting the lock signal from the key fob using the latch controller; and controlling a latch electric motor of an actuation group to latch the latch assembly and controlling the at least one remote electric motor to close the window in response to determining the window is in the open position using the latch controller. 16. The method as set forth in claim 8, further including the step of moving a window coupled to and movable by the at least one remote electric motor to a short drop position allowing the closure panel to be moved past a seal without deflecting the seal in response to determining actuation of at least one of an external handle and an internal handle of the closure panel. 17. A system for controlling at least one actuator assembly for a closure panel of a motor vehicle, comprising:
a latch assembly comprising an electronic control circuit having a latch controller disposed within a latch housing and coupled to at least one actuation group; and at least one remote electric motor of the at least one actuator assembly in electrical connection with the electronic control circuit, the at least one remote electric motor housed within a remote motor assembly disposed remotely from the latch housing; wherein the latch controller is configured to monitor and control the at least one actuation group and monitor and control the at least one remote electric motor. 18. The system as set forth in claim 17, wherein the electronic control circuit is coupled to a power source, the electronic control circuit configured to supply power provided by the power source to the at least one remote electric motor by at least one power supply line and detect at least one of a motor rotational position and a motor speed of the remote electric motor using a signal generated by the at least one remote electric motor and supplied over the at least one power supply line. 19. The system as set forth in claim 17, wherein the at least one actuation group includes a ratchet selectively rotatable to engage a striker fixed to a body of the motor vehicle and the latch controller is further configured to:
monitor a cinching position of the ratchet, determine an initiation of cinch based on the cinching position, activate the at least one remote electric motor in response to an initiation of cinch to begin moving a window coupled to and movable by the at least one remote electric motor toward an upper frame of the body of the motor vehicle, and ensure the window has not engaged the upper frame before the ratchet of the at least one actuation group reaches a primary position. 20. The system as set forth in claim 17, wherein the electronic control circuit further includes a backup energy source subassembly disposed in the latch housing and configured to supply electrical energy to the latch assembly in case of failure or interruption of a main power source of the motor vehicle and the latch controller is further configured to:
monitor at least one crash sensor in communication with the latch controller to determine if there is a crash event; monitor at least one handle sensor in communication with the latch controller to determine actuation of at least one of an external handle and an internal handle of the closure panel; and utilize electrical energy from the backup energy source subassembly for a latch electric motor of the at least one actuation group to unlatch the latch assembly and power the at least one remote electric motor in response to determining there is a crash event and in response to determining actuation of at least one of the external handle and the internal handle of the closure panel. | 2,800 |
341,158 | 16,801,498 | 2,884 | A test device for the irradiation of products which are fed into a housing along at least two tracks. At least one separate sensor is provided for each track in order to separately monitor the arrival at a target position selected individually for each track preferably within the housing of the test device. | 1-14. (canceled) 15. A test device including:
(a) a source of radiation for irradiating products; (b) a housing with at least one closeable opening, wherein the products are fed into the housing along two tracks extending along a conveyor route, each track being associated with a respective first means of propulsion in the housing, each respective first means of propulsion being operable to convey a respective one of the products within the housing along the respective track with which that respective first means of propulsion is associated; and (c) each track having associated therewith a respective first sensor, each first sensor being operable to detect when a product moved on the respective track with which that first sensor is associated has arrived at a target position in the housing along the conveyor route. 16. The test device of claim 15 wherein:
(a) the products are fed into the housing along at least one additional track extending along the conveyor route, each additional track being associated with a respective additional first means of propulsion in the housing, each respective additional first means of propulsion being operable to convey a respective one of the products within the housing along the respective additional track with which that respective additional first means of propulsion is associated; and
(c) each additional track having associated therewith a respective additional first sensor, each additional first sensor being operable to detect when a product moved on the respective additional track with which that additional first sensor is associated has arrived at the target position in the housing along the conveyor route. 17. The test device of claim 15 further including a second sensor operable to monitor a test position spaced apart from the target position along the conveyor route. 18. The test device of claim 17 wherein the second sensor includes a separate sensor for each track. 19. The test device of claim 17 wherein the test position lies within the housing. 20. The test device of claim 19 wherein the at least one closeable opening includes an input opening and the test position lies within the housing adjacent to the input opening. 21. The test device of claim 19 wherein the distance between the target position and the test position is selected to be greater than a length along the conveyor route to be measured for one of the products. 22. The test device of claim 15 wherein each track is further associated with a respective second means of propulsion which is operable separately from the respective first means of propulsion for that track, each respective second means of propulsion being located outside of the housing and being operable for moving products on the respective track along the conveyor route to the housing. 23. The test device of claim 15 wherein each track is further associated with a second means of propulsion which is operable separately from each first means of propulsion, the second means of propulsion being located outside of the housing and being operable for moving products on the tracks jointly along the conveyor route to the housing. 24. The test device of claim 15 further including a scale operable for recording a weight of the products. 25. The test device of claim 15 wherein the respective first means of propulsion for each respective track is selectively couplable to a drive shared with both tracks for conveying the products along a selectable one of the tracks. 26. A process of operating a test device which includes a source of radiation for irradiating products and a housing with at least one closeable opening, the process including:
(a) conveying the products into the housing in a transport direction along each of at least two tracks extending along a conveyor route, each track being associated with a respective first means of propulsion in the housing, each respective first means of propulsion being operable to convey a respective one of the products within the housing along the respective track with which that respective first means of propulsion is associated; (b) monitoring a target position on each track with a respective first sensor associated the respective track, each first sensor being operable to detect when a product on the respective track with which that first sensor is associated has arrived at the target position in the housing along the conveyor route; and (c) in response to a respective first sensor detecting that a product on the track associated with that respective first sensor has reached the target position, interrupting the movement along the track associated with that respective first sensor. 27. The process of claim 26 further including:
(a) continuing to monitor the target position on each track for which movement has not yet been interrupted; and
(b) for each such track for which movement has not yet been interrupted, interrupting the movement along that respective track in response to a respective first sensor associated with that track detecting that a product on that track has reached the target position. 28. The process of claim 26 further including, after movement has been interrupted on a respective track in response to the first sensor associated with that track detecting the product on that track reaching the target position, moving that detected product in a direction opposite to the transport direction until that product is no longer detected by the respective first sensor. 29. The process of claim 26 further including monitoring for (i) an arrival of a respective product on any of the tracks at a test position spaced apart from the target position along the conveyor route or for (ii) a departure of a respective product on any of the tracks from the test position. 30. The process of claim 29 wherein the monitoring for the arrival or the departure is performed with a second sensor adapted to monitor all of the tracks jointly. 31. The process of claim 29 wherein the monitoring for the arrival or the departure is performed with a second sensor arrangement including a different respective second sensor for each respective track, each respective second sensor adapted to monitor a respective one of the tracks with which that respective second sensor is associated. 32. The process of claim 29 further including controlling a bulkhead operable to selectively close an opening to the housing when no product is located on any of the tracks at the test position. 33. The process of claim 26 further including conveying the products on each of the at least two tracks within the housing so that the products are moved individually or in groups through an x-ray beam provided within the housing. | A test device for the irradiation of products which are fed into a housing along at least two tracks. At least one separate sensor is provided for each track in order to separately monitor the arrival at a target position selected individually for each track preferably within the housing of the test device.1-14. (canceled) 15. A test device including:
(a) a source of radiation for irradiating products; (b) a housing with at least one closeable opening, wherein the products are fed into the housing along two tracks extending along a conveyor route, each track being associated with a respective first means of propulsion in the housing, each respective first means of propulsion being operable to convey a respective one of the products within the housing along the respective track with which that respective first means of propulsion is associated; and (c) each track having associated therewith a respective first sensor, each first sensor being operable to detect when a product moved on the respective track with which that first sensor is associated has arrived at a target position in the housing along the conveyor route. 16. The test device of claim 15 wherein:
(a) the products are fed into the housing along at least one additional track extending along the conveyor route, each additional track being associated with a respective additional first means of propulsion in the housing, each respective additional first means of propulsion being operable to convey a respective one of the products within the housing along the respective additional track with which that respective additional first means of propulsion is associated; and
(c) each additional track having associated therewith a respective additional first sensor, each additional first sensor being operable to detect when a product moved on the respective additional track with which that additional first sensor is associated has arrived at the target position in the housing along the conveyor route. 17. The test device of claim 15 further including a second sensor operable to monitor a test position spaced apart from the target position along the conveyor route. 18. The test device of claim 17 wherein the second sensor includes a separate sensor for each track. 19. The test device of claim 17 wherein the test position lies within the housing. 20. The test device of claim 19 wherein the at least one closeable opening includes an input opening and the test position lies within the housing adjacent to the input opening. 21. The test device of claim 19 wherein the distance between the target position and the test position is selected to be greater than a length along the conveyor route to be measured for one of the products. 22. The test device of claim 15 wherein each track is further associated with a respective second means of propulsion which is operable separately from the respective first means of propulsion for that track, each respective second means of propulsion being located outside of the housing and being operable for moving products on the respective track along the conveyor route to the housing. 23. The test device of claim 15 wherein each track is further associated with a second means of propulsion which is operable separately from each first means of propulsion, the second means of propulsion being located outside of the housing and being operable for moving products on the tracks jointly along the conveyor route to the housing. 24. The test device of claim 15 further including a scale operable for recording a weight of the products. 25. The test device of claim 15 wherein the respective first means of propulsion for each respective track is selectively couplable to a drive shared with both tracks for conveying the products along a selectable one of the tracks. 26. A process of operating a test device which includes a source of radiation for irradiating products and a housing with at least one closeable opening, the process including:
(a) conveying the products into the housing in a transport direction along each of at least two tracks extending along a conveyor route, each track being associated with a respective first means of propulsion in the housing, each respective first means of propulsion being operable to convey a respective one of the products within the housing along the respective track with which that respective first means of propulsion is associated; (b) monitoring a target position on each track with a respective first sensor associated the respective track, each first sensor being operable to detect when a product on the respective track with which that first sensor is associated has arrived at the target position in the housing along the conveyor route; and (c) in response to a respective first sensor detecting that a product on the track associated with that respective first sensor has reached the target position, interrupting the movement along the track associated with that respective first sensor. 27. The process of claim 26 further including:
(a) continuing to monitor the target position on each track for which movement has not yet been interrupted; and
(b) for each such track for which movement has not yet been interrupted, interrupting the movement along that respective track in response to a respective first sensor associated with that track detecting that a product on that track has reached the target position. 28. The process of claim 26 further including, after movement has been interrupted on a respective track in response to the first sensor associated with that track detecting the product on that track reaching the target position, moving that detected product in a direction opposite to the transport direction until that product is no longer detected by the respective first sensor. 29. The process of claim 26 further including monitoring for (i) an arrival of a respective product on any of the tracks at a test position spaced apart from the target position along the conveyor route or for (ii) a departure of a respective product on any of the tracks from the test position. 30. The process of claim 29 wherein the monitoring for the arrival or the departure is performed with a second sensor adapted to monitor all of the tracks jointly. 31. The process of claim 29 wherein the monitoring for the arrival or the departure is performed with a second sensor arrangement including a different respective second sensor for each respective track, each respective second sensor adapted to monitor a respective one of the tracks with which that respective second sensor is associated. 32. The process of claim 29 further including controlling a bulkhead operable to selectively close an opening to the housing when no product is located on any of the tracks at the test position. 33. The process of claim 26 further including conveying the products on each of the at least two tracks within the housing so that the products are moved individually or in groups through an x-ray beam provided within the housing. | 2,800 |
341,159 | 16,801,476 | 2,884 | A dielectric resonator antenna, DRA, includes: an electrically conductive ground structure; a dielectric material disposed on the ground structure; a signal feed electromagnetically coupled to the dielectric material; wherein the dielectric material provides a continuous uninterrupted internal geometric path from a side of the signal feed to an opposing side through a top of the dielectric material that is configured to at least partially support a TE radiating mode; and, the dielectric material defining therein a first geometrical path having a first direction, as observed in a plan view of the DRA, and defining therein a second geometrical path having a second direction, as observed in the plan view of the DRA, that is orthogonal to the first direction of the first geometrical path, the second geometrical path having an effective dielectric constant that is less than an effective dielectric constant of the first geometrical path, the first geometrical path, relative to the second geometrical path, being a favored path for E-field lines associated with the DRA. | 1. A dielectric resonator antenna, DRA, comprising:
an electrically conductive ground structure; at least one volume of dielectric material disposed on the ground structure, forming at least a portion of the DRA; a signal feed electromagnetically coupled to the at least one volume of dielectric material; wherein the at least one volume of dielectric material provides a continuous uninterrupted internal geometric path from a side of the signal feed to an opposing side through a top of the at least one volume of dielectric material that is configured to at least partially support a TE radiating mode; and the at least one volume of dielectric material defining therein a first geometrical path having a first direction, as observed in a plan view of the DRA, and defining therein a second geometrical path having a second direction, as observed in the plan view of the DRA, that is orthogonal to the first direction of the first geometrical path, the second geometrical path having an effective dielectric constant that is less than an effective dielectric constant of the first geometrical path, the first geometrical path, relative to the second geometrical path, being a favored path for E-field lines associated with the DRA. 2. The DRA according to claim 1, wherein:
the at least one volume of dielectric material comprises at least two volumes of dielectric material. 3. The DRA according to claim 2, wherein:
the at least two volumes of dielectric material comprises a first inwardly disposed volume V1, and a second outwardly disposed volume V2 that is sequentially layered over and at least partially embeds the volume V1. 4. The DRA according to claim 3, wherein:
the volume V1 of dielectric material has a first average dielectric constant Dk1, the volume V2 of dielectric material has a second average dielectric constant Dk2, and Dk1 is less than Dk2. 5. The DRA according to claim 4, wherein:
the volume V1 of dielectric material comprises air. 6. The DRA according to claim 4, wherein:
the volume V1 of dielectric material is air. 7. The DRA according to claim 3, wherein:
the continuous uninterrupted internal geometric path that is configured to at least partially support the TE radiating mode is through a top of the volume V2 of dielectric material. 8. The DRA according to claim 3, wherein:
the signal feed is disposed in or is electromagnetically coupled to the volume V2 dielectric material. 9. The DRA according to claim 3, wherein:
the volume V1, the volume V2, or both the volumes V1 and V2, of dielectric material, has a cross section shape, as observed in a plan view of the DRA, of an ellipsoid, or a truncated circle. 10. The DRA according to claim 1, wherein:
the at least one volume of dielectric material comprises N volumes, N being an integer equal to or greater than 3, disposed to form successive and sequential layered volumes Vi, i being an integer from 1 to N, wherein volume V1 forms an innermost first volume, wherein a successive volume Vi+1 forms a layered shell disposed over and at least partially embedding volume Vi, wherein volume VN at least partially embeds all volumes V1 to VN−1. 11. The DRA according to claim 10, wherein:
the volume V1 is air. 12. The DRA according to claim 10, wherein:
the signal feed is disposed in or is electromagnetically coupled to the volume V2. 13. The DRA according to claim 10, wherein:
the signal feed is disposed in or is electromagnetically coupled to the volume V1<i<N that is not volume V1 and is not volume VN. 14. The DRA according to claim 1, further comprising:
an electrically conductive fence disposed around the at least one volume of dielectric material and in electrical contact with and forming part of the ground structure. 15. The DRA according to claim 14, wherein:
the electrically conductive fence has a height that does not exceed an overall height of the at least one volume of dielectric material. 16. The DRA according to claim 14, wherein:
the electrically conductive fence has a height that is equal to or greater than 0.2 times an overall height of the at least one volume of dielectric material and equal to or less than 0.8 times the overall height of the at least one volume of dielectric material. 17. The DRA according to claim 14 wherein the electrically conductive fence has a height that is equal to or greater than 0.2 times an overall height of the at least one volume of dielectric material and equal to or less than 3 times the overall height of the at least one volume of dielectric material. | A dielectric resonator antenna, DRA, includes: an electrically conductive ground structure; a dielectric material disposed on the ground structure; a signal feed electromagnetically coupled to the dielectric material; wherein the dielectric material provides a continuous uninterrupted internal geometric path from a side of the signal feed to an opposing side through a top of the dielectric material that is configured to at least partially support a TE radiating mode; and, the dielectric material defining therein a first geometrical path having a first direction, as observed in a plan view of the DRA, and defining therein a second geometrical path having a second direction, as observed in the plan view of the DRA, that is orthogonal to the first direction of the first geometrical path, the second geometrical path having an effective dielectric constant that is less than an effective dielectric constant of the first geometrical path, the first geometrical path, relative to the second geometrical path, being a favored path for E-field lines associated with the DRA.1. A dielectric resonator antenna, DRA, comprising:
an electrically conductive ground structure; at least one volume of dielectric material disposed on the ground structure, forming at least a portion of the DRA; a signal feed electromagnetically coupled to the at least one volume of dielectric material; wherein the at least one volume of dielectric material provides a continuous uninterrupted internal geometric path from a side of the signal feed to an opposing side through a top of the at least one volume of dielectric material that is configured to at least partially support a TE radiating mode; and the at least one volume of dielectric material defining therein a first geometrical path having a first direction, as observed in a plan view of the DRA, and defining therein a second geometrical path having a second direction, as observed in the plan view of the DRA, that is orthogonal to the first direction of the first geometrical path, the second geometrical path having an effective dielectric constant that is less than an effective dielectric constant of the first geometrical path, the first geometrical path, relative to the second geometrical path, being a favored path for E-field lines associated with the DRA. 2. The DRA according to claim 1, wherein:
the at least one volume of dielectric material comprises at least two volumes of dielectric material. 3. The DRA according to claim 2, wherein:
the at least two volumes of dielectric material comprises a first inwardly disposed volume V1, and a second outwardly disposed volume V2 that is sequentially layered over and at least partially embeds the volume V1. 4. The DRA according to claim 3, wherein:
the volume V1 of dielectric material has a first average dielectric constant Dk1, the volume V2 of dielectric material has a second average dielectric constant Dk2, and Dk1 is less than Dk2. 5. The DRA according to claim 4, wherein:
the volume V1 of dielectric material comprises air. 6. The DRA according to claim 4, wherein:
the volume V1 of dielectric material is air. 7. The DRA according to claim 3, wherein:
the continuous uninterrupted internal geometric path that is configured to at least partially support the TE radiating mode is through a top of the volume V2 of dielectric material. 8. The DRA according to claim 3, wherein:
the signal feed is disposed in or is electromagnetically coupled to the volume V2 dielectric material. 9. The DRA according to claim 3, wherein:
the volume V1, the volume V2, or both the volumes V1 and V2, of dielectric material, has a cross section shape, as observed in a plan view of the DRA, of an ellipsoid, or a truncated circle. 10. The DRA according to claim 1, wherein:
the at least one volume of dielectric material comprises N volumes, N being an integer equal to or greater than 3, disposed to form successive and sequential layered volumes Vi, i being an integer from 1 to N, wherein volume V1 forms an innermost first volume, wherein a successive volume Vi+1 forms a layered shell disposed over and at least partially embedding volume Vi, wherein volume VN at least partially embeds all volumes V1 to VN−1. 11. The DRA according to claim 10, wherein:
the volume V1 is air. 12. The DRA according to claim 10, wherein:
the signal feed is disposed in or is electromagnetically coupled to the volume V2. 13. The DRA according to claim 10, wherein:
the signal feed is disposed in or is electromagnetically coupled to the volume V1<i<N that is not volume V1 and is not volume VN. 14. The DRA according to claim 1, further comprising:
an electrically conductive fence disposed around the at least one volume of dielectric material and in electrical contact with and forming part of the ground structure. 15. The DRA according to claim 14, wherein:
the electrically conductive fence has a height that does not exceed an overall height of the at least one volume of dielectric material. 16. The DRA according to claim 14, wherein:
the electrically conductive fence has a height that is equal to or greater than 0.2 times an overall height of the at least one volume of dielectric material and equal to or less than 0.8 times the overall height of the at least one volume of dielectric material. 17. The DRA according to claim 14 wherein the electrically conductive fence has a height that is equal to or greater than 0.2 times an overall height of the at least one volume of dielectric material and equal to or less than 3 times the overall height of the at least one volume of dielectric material. | 2,800 |
341,160 | 16,801,494 | 2,816 | A surface roughening method includes the following steps: preparing a first epitaxial layer of a three-dimensional island shape growth over a light emitting structure; and preparing a discontinuous second epitaxial layer over the first epitaxial layer. The surface roughening method provided in the present application is simple and convenient, and improves the efficiency. In addition to the epitaxial growth process, it is not necessary to use an additional process such as wet etching, photonic crystal and other processes to further process the surface of the epitaxial layer, and the method may be implemented by means of one process in a same reaction equipment. | 1. A surface roughening method for a light emitting device, comprising the following steps:
(a) preparing a first epitaxial layer of a three-dimensional island shape growth over a light emitting structure; and (b) preparing a discontinuous second epitaxial layer over the first epitaxial layer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the light emitting structure comprises an n-type semiconductor layer, an active layer and a p-type semiconductor layer. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the n-type semiconductor layer is made of n-type GaN, the active layer is a quantum well structure of InGaN/GaN, and the p-type semiconductor layer is made of p-type GaN. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the light emitting structure is made of a GaN-based material. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the GaN-based material is selected from one or more of the following: GaN, InGaN, AlGaN, and AlINGaN. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein a material of the first epitaxial layer is different from a material of the light emitting structure in direct contact with the first epitaxial layer, and a material of the second epitaxial layer is different from the material of the first epitaxial layer. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first epitaxial layer is less than 50 nm. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the second epitaxial layer is less than a thickness of the first epitaxial layer. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (a) and the step (b) are repeated a plurality of times sequentially. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (a) and the step (b) are implemented by a metal organic chemical vapor deposition process. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the first epitaxial layer is made of AlN, and the second epitaxial layer is made of GaN. 12. A light emitting device, comprising:
a light emitting structure; a first epitaxial layer of a three-dimensional island shape growth over the light emitting structure; and a discontinuous second epitaxial layer over the first epitaxial layer. 13. The light emitting device of claim 12, wherein the light emitting structure comprises an n-type semiconductor layer, an active layer and a p-type semiconductor layer. 14. The light emitting device of claim 13, wherein the n-type semiconductor layer is made of n-type GaN, the active layer is a quantum well structure of InGaN/GaN, and the p-type semiconductor layer is made of p-type GaN. 15. The light emitting device of claim 12, wherein the light emitting structure is made of a GaN-based material. 16. The light emitting device of claim 12, wherein a material of the first epitaxial layer is different from a material of the light emitting structure in direct contact with the first epitaxial layer, and a material of the second epitaxial layer is different from the material of the first epitaxial layer. 17. The light emitting device of claim 12, wherein a thickness of the first epitaxial layer is less than 50 nm. 18. The light emitting device of claim 12, wherein a thickness of the second epitaxial layer is less than a thickness of the first epitaxial layer. 19. The light emitting device of claim 12, wherein the first epitaxial layer and the second epitaxial layer are prepared repeatedly for a plurality of times. 20. The light emitting device of claim 12, wherein the first epitaxial layer is made of AlN, and the second epitaxial layer is made of GaN. | A surface roughening method includes the following steps: preparing a first epitaxial layer of a three-dimensional island shape growth over a light emitting structure; and preparing a discontinuous second epitaxial layer over the first epitaxial layer. The surface roughening method provided in the present application is simple and convenient, and improves the efficiency. In addition to the epitaxial growth process, it is not necessary to use an additional process such as wet etching, photonic crystal and other processes to further process the surface of the epitaxial layer, and the method may be implemented by means of one process in a same reaction equipment.1. A surface roughening method for a light emitting device, comprising the following steps:
(a) preparing a first epitaxial layer of a three-dimensional island shape growth over a light emitting structure; and (b) preparing a discontinuous second epitaxial layer over the first epitaxial layer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the light emitting structure comprises an n-type semiconductor layer, an active layer and a p-type semiconductor layer. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the n-type semiconductor layer is made of n-type GaN, the active layer is a quantum well structure of InGaN/GaN, and the p-type semiconductor layer is made of p-type GaN. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the light emitting structure is made of a GaN-based material. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the GaN-based material is selected from one or more of the following: GaN, InGaN, AlGaN, and AlINGaN. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein a material of the first epitaxial layer is different from a material of the light emitting structure in direct contact with the first epitaxial layer, and a material of the second epitaxial layer is different from the material of the first epitaxial layer. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first epitaxial layer is less than 50 nm. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the second epitaxial layer is less than a thickness of the first epitaxial layer. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (a) and the step (b) are repeated a plurality of times sequentially. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (a) and the step (b) are implemented by a metal organic chemical vapor deposition process. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the first epitaxial layer is made of AlN, and the second epitaxial layer is made of GaN. 12. A light emitting device, comprising:
a light emitting structure; a first epitaxial layer of a three-dimensional island shape growth over the light emitting structure; and a discontinuous second epitaxial layer over the first epitaxial layer. 13. The light emitting device of claim 12, wherein the light emitting structure comprises an n-type semiconductor layer, an active layer and a p-type semiconductor layer. 14. The light emitting device of claim 13, wherein the n-type semiconductor layer is made of n-type GaN, the active layer is a quantum well structure of InGaN/GaN, and the p-type semiconductor layer is made of p-type GaN. 15. The light emitting device of claim 12, wherein the light emitting structure is made of a GaN-based material. 16. The light emitting device of claim 12, wherein a material of the first epitaxial layer is different from a material of the light emitting structure in direct contact with the first epitaxial layer, and a material of the second epitaxial layer is different from the material of the first epitaxial layer. 17. The light emitting device of claim 12, wherein a thickness of the first epitaxial layer is less than 50 nm. 18. The light emitting device of claim 12, wherein a thickness of the second epitaxial layer is less than a thickness of the first epitaxial layer. 19. The light emitting device of claim 12, wherein the first epitaxial layer and the second epitaxial layer are prepared repeatedly for a plurality of times. 20. The light emitting device of claim 12, wherein the first epitaxial layer is made of AlN, and the second epitaxial layer is made of GaN. | 2,800 |
341,161 | 16,801,477 | 2,816 | A field effect transistor includes: a semiconductor region including a first inactive region, an active region, and a second inactive region arranged side by side in a first direction; a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode on the active region; a gate pad on the first inactive region; a gate guard on and in contact with the semiconductor region, the gate guard being apart from the gate pad and located between an edge on the first inactive region side of the semiconductor region and the gate pad; a drain pad on the second inactive region; a drain guard on and in contact with the semiconductor region, the drain guard being apart from the drain pad and located between an edge on the second inactive region side of the semiconductor region and the drain pad; and a metal film electrically connected to the gate guard. | 1. A field effect transistor comprising:
a substrate including a main surface and a back surface; a semiconductor region on the main surface, the semiconductor region including a first inactive region, an active region, and a second inactive region arranged side by side in a first direction; a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode on the active region; a gate pad on the first inactive region and electrically connected to the gate electrode; a gate guard on and in contact with the semiconductor region, the gate guard being apart from the gate pad and located between the gate pad and an edge on the first inactive region side of a pair of edges of the semiconductor region arranged side by side in the first direction; a drain pad on the second inactive region and electrically connected to the drain electrode; a drain guard on and in contact with the semiconductor region, the drain guard being apart from the drain pad and located between the drain pad and an edge on the second inactive region side of the pair of edges of the semiconductor region; and a metal film on the back surface and electrically connected to the gate guard, wherein the drain guard is in a non-conductive state with respect to the metal film, the gate electrode, the source electrode and the drain electrode. 2. The field effect transistor according to claim 1, further comprising a wire penetrating the substrate and the semiconductor region,
wherein the source electrode is electrically connected to the metal film via the wire, and wherein the gate guard is electrically connected to the source electrode. 3. The field effect transistor according to claim 1, further comprising a source pad electrically connected to the source electrode, the source pad being arranged on the first inactive region side by side with the gate pad, and
wherein the gate guard is extend from the source pad along the edge on the first inactive region side. 4. The field effect transistor according to claim 1, further comprising an insulating film having openings on the drain pad and the gate pad,
wherein the gate guard and the drain guard are covered with the insulating film. 5. The field effect transistor according to claim 1,
wherein the gate guard is made of metal. 6. The field effect transistor according to claim 1,
wherein the drain guard is made of metal. 7. A semiconductor device comprising:
the field effect transistor according to claim 1; a base member having a metal surface and mounting the field effect transistor; and a conductive bonding material interposed between the metal film of the field effect transistor and a surface of the base member, the conductive bonding material including at least one of Ag, Au, and Cu. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 7, further comprising a package where the field effect transistor is non-hermetically housed. 9. A field effect transistor comprising:
a substrate including a main surface and a back surface; a semiconductor region on the main surface, the semiconductor region including a first edge, a first inactive region, an active region, a second inactive region and a second edge arranged side by side in a first direction; a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode on the active region; a gate pad on the first inactive region and electrically connected to the gate electrode; a gate guard on and in contact with the semiconductor region, the gate guard being apart from the gate pad and being located between the first edge and the gate pad; a drain pad on the second inactive region and electrically connected to the drain electrode; a drain guard on and in contact with the semiconductor region, the drain guard being apart from the drain pad and being located between the second edge and the drain pad; and a metal film on the back surface and electrically connected to the gate guard, wherein the drain guard is electrically insulated from the metal film, the gate electrode, the source electrode and the drain electrode. 10. The field effect transistor according to claim 9, further comprising a wire embedded in the substrate and the semiconductor region,
wherein the source electrode is electrically connected to the metal film via the wire, and wherein the gate guard is electrically connected to the source electrode. 11. The field effect transistor according to claim 9, further comprising a source pad electrically connected to the source electrode, the source pad being arranged on the first inactive region side by side with the gate pad, and
wherein the gate guard is extend from the source pad along the first edge in a plan view. 12. The field effect transistor according to claim 9, further comprising an insulating film having a first opening on the drain pad and a second opening on the gate pad,
wherein the gate guard and the drain guard are covered with the insulating film. 13. The field effect transistor according to claim 9,
wherein the gate guard is made of metal. 14. The field effect transistor according to claim 9,
wherein the drain guard is made of metal. | A field effect transistor includes: a semiconductor region including a first inactive region, an active region, and a second inactive region arranged side by side in a first direction; a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode on the active region; a gate pad on the first inactive region; a gate guard on and in contact with the semiconductor region, the gate guard being apart from the gate pad and located between an edge on the first inactive region side of the semiconductor region and the gate pad; a drain pad on the second inactive region; a drain guard on and in contact with the semiconductor region, the drain guard being apart from the drain pad and located between an edge on the second inactive region side of the semiconductor region and the drain pad; and a metal film electrically connected to the gate guard.1. A field effect transistor comprising:
a substrate including a main surface and a back surface; a semiconductor region on the main surface, the semiconductor region including a first inactive region, an active region, and a second inactive region arranged side by side in a first direction; a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode on the active region; a gate pad on the first inactive region and electrically connected to the gate electrode; a gate guard on and in contact with the semiconductor region, the gate guard being apart from the gate pad and located between the gate pad and an edge on the first inactive region side of a pair of edges of the semiconductor region arranged side by side in the first direction; a drain pad on the second inactive region and electrically connected to the drain electrode; a drain guard on and in contact with the semiconductor region, the drain guard being apart from the drain pad and located between the drain pad and an edge on the second inactive region side of the pair of edges of the semiconductor region; and a metal film on the back surface and electrically connected to the gate guard, wherein the drain guard is in a non-conductive state with respect to the metal film, the gate electrode, the source electrode and the drain electrode. 2. The field effect transistor according to claim 1, further comprising a wire penetrating the substrate and the semiconductor region,
wherein the source electrode is electrically connected to the metal film via the wire, and wherein the gate guard is electrically connected to the source electrode. 3. The field effect transistor according to claim 1, further comprising a source pad electrically connected to the source electrode, the source pad being arranged on the first inactive region side by side with the gate pad, and
wherein the gate guard is extend from the source pad along the edge on the first inactive region side. 4. The field effect transistor according to claim 1, further comprising an insulating film having openings on the drain pad and the gate pad,
wherein the gate guard and the drain guard are covered with the insulating film. 5. The field effect transistor according to claim 1,
wherein the gate guard is made of metal. 6. The field effect transistor according to claim 1,
wherein the drain guard is made of metal. 7. A semiconductor device comprising:
the field effect transistor according to claim 1; a base member having a metal surface and mounting the field effect transistor; and a conductive bonding material interposed between the metal film of the field effect transistor and a surface of the base member, the conductive bonding material including at least one of Ag, Au, and Cu. 8. The semiconductor device according to claim 7, further comprising a package where the field effect transistor is non-hermetically housed. 9. A field effect transistor comprising:
a substrate including a main surface and a back surface; a semiconductor region on the main surface, the semiconductor region including a first edge, a first inactive region, an active region, a second inactive region and a second edge arranged side by side in a first direction; a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode on the active region; a gate pad on the first inactive region and electrically connected to the gate electrode; a gate guard on and in contact with the semiconductor region, the gate guard being apart from the gate pad and being located between the first edge and the gate pad; a drain pad on the second inactive region and electrically connected to the drain electrode; a drain guard on and in contact with the semiconductor region, the drain guard being apart from the drain pad and being located between the second edge and the drain pad; and a metal film on the back surface and electrically connected to the gate guard, wherein the drain guard is electrically insulated from the metal film, the gate electrode, the source electrode and the drain electrode. 10. The field effect transistor according to claim 9, further comprising a wire embedded in the substrate and the semiconductor region,
wherein the source electrode is electrically connected to the metal film via the wire, and wherein the gate guard is electrically connected to the source electrode. 11. The field effect transistor according to claim 9, further comprising a source pad electrically connected to the source electrode, the source pad being arranged on the first inactive region side by side with the gate pad, and
wherein the gate guard is extend from the source pad along the first edge in a plan view. 12. The field effect transistor according to claim 9, further comprising an insulating film having a first opening on the drain pad and a second opening on the gate pad,
wherein the gate guard and the drain guard are covered with the insulating film. 13. The field effect transistor according to claim 9,
wherein the gate guard is made of metal. 14. The field effect transistor according to claim 9,
wherein the drain guard is made of metal. | 2,800 |
341,162 | 16,801,480 | 2,816 | Disclosed herein are methods and compositions related to coagulation factor complexes comprising a coagulation factor; a fusion protein; and a modifying molecule, wherein the modifying molecule is coupled to the coagulation factor in such a way as to allow binding by the fusion protein, thereby creating a modified coagulation factor; wherein the modilied coagulation factor and the fusion protein interact in at least two independent sites. | 1. A coagulation factor complex comprising:
a. a coagulation factor; b. a fusion protein comprising a first protein fused to albumin, or an albumin fragment; and c. a modifying molecule, wherein the modifying molecule is coupled to the coagulation factor in such a way as to allow binding by the fusion protein, thereby creating a modified coagulation factor; wherein the modified coagulation factor and the fusion protein interact in at least two independent sites. 2. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein at least one binding site of the modified coagulation factor is a natural binding site. 3. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein at least one binding site of the fusion protein is provided by the modifying molecule. 4. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the coagulation factor is Factor VIII. 5. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the modified coagulation factor is modified Factor VIIa. 6. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the first protein of the fusion protein is a fragment of von Willebrand's factor. 7. The coagulation factor complex of claim 6, wherein the fragment of von Willebrand's factor is a D′D3 fragment. 8. The coagulation factor complex of claim 6, the first protein of the fusion protein is Tissue Factor (TF). 9. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the modified coagulation factor and the fusion protein form a non-covalant bond. 10. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the modified coagulation factor and the fusion protein interact covalently. 11. The coagulation factor complex of claim 10, wherein the covalent bond is not a peptide bond. 12. The coagulation factor complex of claim 10, wherein the covalent bond is not a peptide bond produced by translation of a nucleic acid. 13. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the modifying molecule comprises a fatty acid. 14. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the modifying molecule is produced by click chemistry. 15. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the coagulation factor is coupled to the fusion protein by click chemistry. 16. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the modifying molecule is attached to the coagulation factor through a polyethylene glycol chain. 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the first protein of the fusion protein is joined together with albumin via a linker. 20. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the coagulation factor comprises modified amino acids. 21. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the fusion protein comprises modified amino acids. 22. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein half-life of the coagulation factor complex is at least 20% greater compared to a coagulation factor alone. 23-26. (canceled) | Disclosed herein are methods and compositions related to coagulation factor complexes comprising a coagulation factor; a fusion protein; and a modifying molecule, wherein the modifying molecule is coupled to the coagulation factor in such a way as to allow binding by the fusion protein, thereby creating a modified coagulation factor; wherein the modilied coagulation factor and the fusion protein interact in at least two independent sites.1. A coagulation factor complex comprising:
a. a coagulation factor; b. a fusion protein comprising a first protein fused to albumin, or an albumin fragment; and c. a modifying molecule, wherein the modifying molecule is coupled to the coagulation factor in such a way as to allow binding by the fusion protein, thereby creating a modified coagulation factor; wherein the modified coagulation factor and the fusion protein interact in at least two independent sites. 2. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein at least one binding site of the modified coagulation factor is a natural binding site. 3. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein at least one binding site of the fusion protein is provided by the modifying molecule. 4. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the coagulation factor is Factor VIII. 5. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the modified coagulation factor is modified Factor VIIa. 6. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the first protein of the fusion protein is a fragment of von Willebrand's factor. 7. The coagulation factor complex of claim 6, wherein the fragment of von Willebrand's factor is a D′D3 fragment. 8. The coagulation factor complex of claim 6, the first protein of the fusion protein is Tissue Factor (TF). 9. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the modified coagulation factor and the fusion protein form a non-covalant bond. 10. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the modified coagulation factor and the fusion protein interact covalently. 11. The coagulation factor complex of claim 10, wherein the covalent bond is not a peptide bond. 12. The coagulation factor complex of claim 10, wherein the covalent bond is not a peptide bond produced by translation of a nucleic acid. 13. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the modifying molecule comprises a fatty acid. 14. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the modifying molecule is produced by click chemistry. 15. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the coagulation factor is coupled to the fusion protein by click chemistry. 16. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the modifying molecule is attached to the coagulation factor through a polyethylene glycol chain. 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the first protein of the fusion protein is joined together with albumin via a linker. 20. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the coagulation factor comprises modified amino acids. 21. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein the fusion protein comprises modified amino acids. 22. The coagulation factor complex of claim 1, wherein half-life of the coagulation factor complex is at least 20% greater compared to a coagulation factor alone. 23-26. (canceled) | 2,800 |
341,163 | 16,801,481 | 2,816 | A drive circuit of a liquid ejecting device includes a first switch, a second switch, and a signal processing circuit. The first switch is connected between a first potential and an output terminal through which a drive signal is transmitted to an actuator of a liquid ejecting device. The second switch is connected between the output terminal and a second potential lower than the first potential. The signal processing circuit is configured to detect a difference between a waveform of a target drive signal and the drive signal waveform output at the output terminal, and to cause the first switch and the second switch to be off when an absolute value of the difference is less than a threshold value. | 1. A drive circuit for a liquid ejecting device, comprising:
a first switch connected between a first potential and an output terminal, the output terminal connected to an actuator of a liquid ejecting device and outputting a drive signal waveform to the actuator; a second switch connected between the output terminal and a second potential lower than the first potential; and a signal processing circuit configured to control the first switch and the second switch according to an absolute value of a difference between a target drive waveform and a detected voltage waveform of the drive signal waveform at the output terminal, the first and second switch being off when the absolute value of the difference is less than a threshold value. 2. The drive circuit according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing circuit is configured to:
cause the first switch to be turned on and off during charging of the actuator when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value; and cause the second switch to be turned on and off during discharging of the actuator when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value. 3. The drive circuit according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing circuit is configured to:
cause the first switch to be turned on and off during charging of the actuator such that the absolute value of the difference is reduced; and cause the second switch to be turned on and off during discharging of the actuator such that the absolute value of the difference is reduced. 4. The drive circuit according to claim 3, wherein when the absolute value of the difference is less than the threshold value, the drive signal waveform is output through the output terminal without the first or second switches being turned on. 5. The drive circuit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a switching circuit configured to select a portion of a waveform of the drive signal waveform to be applied to different actuators for liquid ejection. 6. The drive circuit according to claim 1, further comprises:
a gate driver circuit configured to control switching of the first and second switches, wherein the signal processing circuit is configured to disable the gate driver circuit when the absolute value of the difference is less than the threshold value. 7. The drive circuit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third switch connected between a third potential and the output terminal; and a fourth switch connected between the output terminal and a fourth potential lower than the third potential, wherein the signal processing circuit is further configured to control the third switch and the fourth switch to be off when the absolute value of the difference is less than the threshold value. 8. The drive circuit according to claim 7, wherein the signal processing circuit is further configured to:
cause the first switch to be turned on and off and the third switch to be off during charging of actuators in a first mode when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value; cause the second switch to be turned on and off and the fourth switch to be off during discharging of the actuators in the first mode, when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value; cause the third switch to be turned on and off and the first switch to be off during charging of the actuators in a second mode when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value; and cause the fourth switch to be turned on and off and the second switch to be off during discharging of the actuators in the second mode when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value. 9. The drive circuit according to claim 8, wherein
a first drive signal based on a triangle wave of a first amplitude is output at the output terminal in the first mode, and a second drive signal based on a triangle wave of a second amplitude greater than the first amplitude is output at the output terminal in the second mode. 10. The drive circuit according to claim 7, wherein
the first and second switches are connected to the output terminal through a first inductor, and the third and fourth switches are connected to the output terminal through a second inductor having an inductance less than the first inductor. 11. A liquid ejection device, comprising:
a nozzle plate including a plurality of ejection nozzles; a plurality of actuators corresponding to the plurality of ejection nozzles; and a drive circuit configured to drive the plurality of actuators, the drive circuit comprising:
a first switch connected between a first potential and an output terminal, the output terminal connected to an actuator and outputting a drive signal waveform to the actuator;
a second switch connected between the output terminal and a second potential lower than the first potential; and
a signal processing circuit configured to control the first switch and the second switch according to an absolute value of a difference between a target drive waveform and a detected voltage waveform of the drive signal waveform at the output terminal, the first and second switch being off when the absolute value of the difference is less than a threshold value. 12. The liquid ejection device according to claim 11, wherein the signal processing circuit is configured to:
cause the first switch to be turned on and off during charging of the actuator when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value; and cause the second switch to be turned on and off during discharging of the actuator when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value. 13. The liquid ejection device according to claim 11, wherein the signal processing circuit is configured to:
cause the first switch to be turned on and off during charging of the actuator such that the absolute value of the difference is reduced; and cause the second switch to be turned on and off during discharging of the actuator such that the absolute value of the difference is reduced. 14. The liquid ejection device according to claim 13, wherein when the absolute value of the difference is less than the threshold value, the drive signal waveform is output through the output terminal without the first or second switches being turned on. 15. The liquid ejection device according to claim 11, wherein the drive circuit further comprises:
a switching circuit configured to select a portion of a waveform of the drive signal waveform to be applied to different actuators for liquid ejection. 16. The liquid ejection device according to claim 11, further comprising:
a gate driver circuit configured to control switching of the first and second switches, wherein the signal processing circuit is configured to disable the gate driver circuit when the absolute value of the difference is less than the threshold value. 17. The liquid ejection device according to claim 11, further comprising:
a third switch connected between a third potential and the output terminal; and a fourth switch connected between the output terminal and a fourth potential lower than the third potential, wherein the signal processing circuit is further configured to control the third switch and the fourth switch to be off when the absolute value of the difference is less than the threshold value. 18. The liquid ejection device according to claim 17, wherein the signal processing circuit is further configured to:
cause the first switch to be turned on and off and the third switch to be off during charging of actuators in a first mode when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value; cause the second switch to be turned on and off and the fourth switch to be off during discharging of the actuators in the first mode, when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value; cause the third switch to be turned on and off and the first switch to be off during charging of the actuators in a second mode when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value; and cause the fourth switch to be turned on and off and the second switch to be off during discharging of the actuators in the second mode when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value. 19. The liquid ejection device according to claim 18, wherein
a first drive signal based on a triangle wave of a first amplitude is output at the output terminal in the first mode, and a second drive signal based on a triangle wave of a second amplitude greater than the first amplitude is output at the output terminal in the second mode. 20. The liquid ejection device according to claim 17, wherein
the first and second switches are connected to the output terminal through a first inductor, and the third and fourth switches are connected to the output terminal through a second inductor having an inductance less than the first inductor. | A drive circuit of a liquid ejecting device includes a first switch, a second switch, and a signal processing circuit. The first switch is connected between a first potential and an output terminal through which a drive signal is transmitted to an actuator of a liquid ejecting device. The second switch is connected between the output terminal and a second potential lower than the first potential. The signal processing circuit is configured to detect a difference between a waveform of a target drive signal and the drive signal waveform output at the output terminal, and to cause the first switch and the second switch to be off when an absolute value of the difference is less than a threshold value.1. A drive circuit for a liquid ejecting device, comprising:
a first switch connected between a first potential and an output terminal, the output terminal connected to an actuator of a liquid ejecting device and outputting a drive signal waveform to the actuator; a second switch connected between the output terminal and a second potential lower than the first potential; and a signal processing circuit configured to control the first switch and the second switch according to an absolute value of a difference between a target drive waveform and a detected voltage waveform of the drive signal waveform at the output terminal, the first and second switch being off when the absolute value of the difference is less than a threshold value. 2. The drive circuit according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing circuit is configured to:
cause the first switch to be turned on and off during charging of the actuator when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value; and cause the second switch to be turned on and off during discharging of the actuator when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value. 3. The drive circuit according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing circuit is configured to:
cause the first switch to be turned on and off during charging of the actuator such that the absolute value of the difference is reduced; and cause the second switch to be turned on and off during discharging of the actuator such that the absolute value of the difference is reduced. 4. The drive circuit according to claim 3, wherein when the absolute value of the difference is less than the threshold value, the drive signal waveform is output through the output terminal without the first or second switches being turned on. 5. The drive circuit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a switching circuit configured to select a portion of a waveform of the drive signal waveform to be applied to different actuators for liquid ejection. 6. The drive circuit according to claim 1, further comprises:
a gate driver circuit configured to control switching of the first and second switches, wherein the signal processing circuit is configured to disable the gate driver circuit when the absolute value of the difference is less than the threshold value. 7. The drive circuit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third switch connected between a third potential and the output terminal; and a fourth switch connected between the output terminal and a fourth potential lower than the third potential, wherein the signal processing circuit is further configured to control the third switch and the fourth switch to be off when the absolute value of the difference is less than the threshold value. 8. The drive circuit according to claim 7, wherein the signal processing circuit is further configured to:
cause the first switch to be turned on and off and the third switch to be off during charging of actuators in a first mode when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value; cause the second switch to be turned on and off and the fourth switch to be off during discharging of the actuators in the first mode, when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value; cause the third switch to be turned on and off and the first switch to be off during charging of the actuators in a second mode when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value; and cause the fourth switch to be turned on and off and the second switch to be off during discharging of the actuators in the second mode when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value. 9. The drive circuit according to claim 8, wherein
a first drive signal based on a triangle wave of a first amplitude is output at the output terminal in the first mode, and a second drive signal based on a triangle wave of a second amplitude greater than the first amplitude is output at the output terminal in the second mode. 10. The drive circuit according to claim 7, wherein
the first and second switches are connected to the output terminal through a first inductor, and the third and fourth switches are connected to the output terminal through a second inductor having an inductance less than the first inductor. 11. A liquid ejection device, comprising:
a nozzle plate including a plurality of ejection nozzles; a plurality of actuators corresponding to the plurality of ejection nozzles; and a drive circuit configured to drive the plurality of actuators, the drive circuit comprising:
a first switch connected between a first potential and an output terminal, the output terminal connected to an actuator and outputting a drive signal waveform to the actuator;
a second switch connected between the output terminal and a second potential lower than the first potential; and
a signal processing circuit configured to control the first switch and the second switch according to an absolute value of a difference between a target drive waveform and a detected voltage waveform of the drive signal waveform at the output terminal, the first and second switch being off when the absolute value of the difference is less than a threshold value. 12. The liquid ejection device according to claim 11, wherein the signal processing circuit is configured to:
cause the first switch to be turned on and off during charging of the actuator when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value; and cause the second switch to be turned on and off during discharging of the actuator when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value. 13. The liquid ejection device according to claim 11, wherein the signal processing circuit is configured to:
cause the first switch to be turned on and off during charging of the actuator such that the absolute value of the difference is reduced; and cause the second switch to be turned on and off during discharging of the actuator such that the absolute value of the difference is reduced. 14. The liquid ejection device according to claim 13, wherein when the absolute value of the difference is less than the threshold value, the drive signal waveform is output through the output terminal without the first or second switches being turned on. 15. The liquid ejection device according to claim 11, wherein the drive circuit further comprises:
a switching circuit configured to select a portion of a waveform of the drive signal waveform to be applied to different actuators for liquid ejection. 16. The liquid ejection device according to claim 11, further comprising:
a gate driver circuit configured to control switching of the first and second switches, wherein the signal processing circuit is configured to disable the gate driver circuit when the absolute value of the difference is less than the threshold value. 17. The liquid ejection device according to claim 11, further comprising:
a third switch connected between a third potential and the output terminal; and a fourth switch connected between the output terminal and a fourth potential lower than the third potential, wherein the signal processing circuit is further configured to control the third switch and the fourth switch to be off when the absolute value of the difference is less than the threshold value. 18. The liquid ejection device according to claim 17, wherein the signal processing circuit is further configured to:
cause the first switch to be turned on and off and the third switch to be off during charging of actuators in a first mode when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value; cause the second switch to be turned on and off and the fourth switch to be off during discharging of the actuators in the first mode, when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value; cause the third switch to be turned on and off and the first switch to be off during charging of the actuators in a second mode when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value; and cause the fourth switch to be turned on and off and the second switch to be off during discharging of the actuators in the second mode when the absolute value of the difference is greater than the threshold value. 19. The liquid ejection device according to claim 18, wherein
a first drive signal based on a triangle wave of a first amplitude is output at the output terminal in the first mode, and a second drive signal based on a triangle wave of a second amplitude greater than the first amplitude is output at the output terminal in the second mode. 20. The liquid ejection device according to claim 17, wherein
the first and second switches are connected to the output terminal through a first inductor, and the third and fourth switches are connected to the output terminal through a second inductor having an inductance less than the first inductor. | 2,800 |
341,164 | 16,801,479 | 2,816 | A nanocalorimeter device includes a substrate having test cells, each test cell comprising a sample location. Each sample location includes a reaction surface suitable for an enthalpic reaction of constituents of liquid droplets, droplet movement and configured to merge the droplets, and a layer of thermochromic material thermally coupled to the reaction surface. The thermochromic material is configured to exhibit a spectral shift in light emanating from the thermochromic material in response to a change in temperature of the merged droplets. | 1. A system comprising:
a substrate having one or more sample locations, each sample location comprising:
a reaction surface disposed over the substrate, the reaction surface suitable for an enthalpic reaction of constituents of liquid droplets;
one or more droplet movement layers disposed between the reaction surface and the substrate; and
a layer of thermochromic material thermally coupled to the droplets, light emanating from the thermochromic layer exhibiting a spectral shift in response to a change in temperature of the droplets; and
one or more sensors, each sensor configured to sense the light emanating from the thermochromic layer at one or more of the locations and to generate an electrical signal in response to the sensed light, the electrical signal including information about the spectral shift. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising an analyzer configured to receive electrical signals from the sensors and to determine a presence and/or amount of the spectral shift in the light emanating from the thermochromic material based on the electrical signals. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the analyzer is configured to detect the spectral shift based on a difference between light emanating from the thermochromic layer at a sample location and light emanating from the thermochromic layer at a reference location paired with the sample location. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the spectral shift in the light emanating from the thermochromic layer comprises a spectral shift in at least one of scattered, reflected, transmitted, and fluorescent light emanating from the thermochromic material. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising a light source configured to emit measurement light, wherein the light emanating from the thermochromic layer is in response to measurement light that interacts with the thermochromic material. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a droplet mixing material positioned at each of the locations; and an energy source configured to move the droplet mixing material. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the layer of thermochromic material is disposed between the reaction surface and the one or more droplet movement layers. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the layer of thermochromic material is disposed between the one or more droplet movement layers and the substrate. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the layer of thermochromic material is disposed on an opposite surface of the substrate from the reaction surface. 10. A method comprising:
depositing a first liquid droplet and a second liquid droplet on a surface at a sample location with a spacing between the first liquid droplet and the second liquid droplet; thermally equilibrating the first and second droplets; merging the first and second droplets; and detecting a spectral shift in light emanating from thermochromic material thermally coupled to the merged droplets in response to an enthalpic reaction of the merged droplets. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising mixing the first and second droplets after the merging. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the location is a sample location, and further comprising:
depositing a third liquid droplet and a fourth liquid droplet on the surface at a reference location with a spacing between the third liquid droplet and the fourth liquid droplet, the third and fourth droplets similar in composition and volume to the first and second droplets and lacking reacting constituents present in the first and second droplets; thermally equilibrating the third and fourth droplets; merging the third and fourth droplets; and detecting the spectral shift in light emanating from the thermochromic material at the sample location using a spectral shift of light emanating from thermochromic material at the reference location. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising substantially reducing evaporation of the first and second droplets. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising determining a change in temperature of the enthalpic reaction of the merged first and second droplets based on the detected spectral shift in light emanating from the thermochromic material at the sample location. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising mixing the merged first and second droplets. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein mixing the merged first and second droplets comprises activating an energy source configured to move droplet mixing material. 17. The method of claim 12, further comprising mixing the merged third and fourth droplets. 18. A method, comprising:
forming one or more droplet movement layers on a substrate, the droplet movement layers configured to merge droplets deposited thereon; and forming a thermochromic layer arranged to be thermally coupled to the merged droplets, the thermochromic layer comprising a thermochromic material configured to exhibit a spectral shift in light emanating from the thermochromic material in response to a change in temperature of the thermochromic material due to an enthalpic reaction of the merged droplets. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising positioning one or more sensors proximate the thermochromic layer to sense the light emanating from the thermochromic material and to generate an electrical signal in response to the sensed light, the electrical signal including information about the spectral shift. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising coupling an analyzer with the one or more sensors, the analyzer configured to receive electrical signals from the sensors and to determine a presence and/or amount of the spectral shift in the light emanating from the thermochromic material based on the electrical signals. | A nanocalorimeter device includes a substrate having test cells, each test cell comprising a sample location. Each sample location includes a reaction surface suitable for an enthalpic reaction of constituents of liquid droplets, droplet movement and configured to merge the droplets, and a layer of thermochromic material thermally coupled to the reaction surface. The thermochromic material is configured to exhibit a spectral shift in light emanating from the thermochromic material in response to a change in temperature of the merged droplets.1. A system comprising:
a substrate having one or more sample locations, each sample location comprising:
a reaction surface disposed over the substrate, the reaction surface suitable for an enthalpic reaction of constituents of liquid droplets;
one or more droplet movement layers disposed between the reaction surface and the substrate; and
a layer of thermochromic material thermally coupled to the droplets, light emanating from the thermochromic layer exhibiting a spectral shift in response to a change in temperature of the droplets; and
one or more sensors, each sensor configured to sense the light emanating from the thermochromic layer at one or more of the locations and to generate an electrical signal in response to the sensed light, the electrical signal including information about the spectral shift. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising an analyzer configured to receive electrical signals from the sensors and to determine a presence and/or amount of the spectral shift in the light emanating from the thermochromic material based on the electrical signals. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the analyzer is configured to detect the spectral shift based on a difference between light emanating from the thermochromic layer at a sample location and light emanating from the thermochromic layer at a reference location paired with the sample location. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the spectral shift in the light emanating from the thermochromic layer comprises a spectral shift in at least one of scattered, reflected, transmitted, and fluorescent light emanating from the thermochromic material. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising a light source configured to emit measurement light, wherein the light emanating from the thermochromic layer is in response to measurement light that interacts with the thermochromic material. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a droplet mixing material positioned at each of the locations; and an energy source configured to move the droplet mixing material. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the layer of thermochromic material is disposed between the reaction surface and the one or more droplet movement layers. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the layer of thermochromic material is disposed between the one or more droplet movement layers and the substrate. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the layer of thermochromic material is disposed on an opposite surface of the substrate from the reaction surface. 10. A method comprising:
depositing a first liquid droplet and a second liquid droplet on a surface at a sample location with a spacing between the first liquid droplet and the second liquid droplet; thermally equilibrating the first and second droplets; merging the first and second droplets; and detecting a spectral shift in light emanating from thermochromic material thermally coupled to the merged droplets in response to an enthalpic reaction of the merged droplets. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising mixing the first and second droplets after the merging. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the location is a sample location, and further comprising:
depositing a third liquid droplet and a fourth liquid droplet on the surface at a reference location with a spacing between the third liquid droplet and the fourth liquid droplet, the third and fourth droplets similar in composition and volume to the first and second droplets and lacking reacting constituents present in the first and second droplets; thermally equilibrating the third and fourth droplets; merging the third and fourth droplets; and detecting the spectral shift in light emanating from the thermochromic material at the sample location using a spectral shift of light emanating from thermochromic material at the reference location. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising substantially reducing evaporation of the first and second droplets. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising determining a change in temperature of the enthalpic reaction of the merged first and second droplets based on the detected spectral shift in light emanating from the thermochromic material at the sample location. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising mixing the merged first and second droplets. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein mixing the merged first and second droplets comprises activating an energy source configured to move droplet mixing material. 17. The method of claim 12, further comprising mixing the merged third and fourth droplets. 18. A method, comprising:
forming one or more droplet movement layers on a substrate, the droplet movement layers configured to merge droplets deposited thereon; and forming a thermochromic layer arranged to be thermally coupled to the merged droplets, the thermochromic layer comprising a thermochromic material configured to exhibit a spectral shift in light emanating from the thermochromic material in response to a change in temperature of the thermochromic material due to an enthalpic reaction of the merged droplets. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising positioning one or more sensors proximate the thermochromic layer to sense the light emanating from the thermochromic material and to generate an electrical signal in response to the sensed light, the electrical signal including information about the spectral shift. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising coupling an analyzer with the one or more sensors, the analyzer configured to receive electrical signals from the sensors and to determine a presence and/or amount of the spectral shift in the light emanating from the thermochromic material based on the electrical signals. | 2,800 |
341,165 | 16,801,484 | 3,791 | A wearable device with constriction elements for treatment of erectile dysfunction includes a sheath member having a proximal annual section and a distal annular section configured to tautly engage around a user's penis. At least one channel is disposed within at least one longitudinal section disposed interconnecting the proximal and distal annular sections. The at least one channel is disposed to accommodate one or more of an elongate rod member, at least one vibratory unit, or introduction of compressed air forcibly introduced therein to rigidify and mechanically support the wearer's penis. At least one inflatable constriction ring is disposed seatable into the proximal and/or distal constriction ring to target penile blood vessels and prevent blood loss therefrom. A vibratory sleeve is also included, devised to assist in inducing an erection by manual application around a user's penis and mechanical action of a plurality of elongate vibratory units disposed therein. | 1. A wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction comprising:
a sheath member configured to secure around a user's penis, said sheath member comprising:
a proximal annular section disposed to tautly seat circumferentially around the user's penis approximal a base of the said user's penis, said first annular section thereby constricting outflow of blood from the corpora cavernosa of the user's penis;
a distal annular section disposed to seat circumferentially around the user's penis approximal a glans of the said user's penis, said distal annular section thereby constricting outflow of blood from the glans of the user's penis;
at least one longitudinal section disposed interconnecting the said proximal and distal annular sections, said at least one longitudinal section comprising a channel therein wherein is insertable at least one of the following:
compressed air, an elongate rod, at least one vibratory unit;
wherein the sheath member is fittable upon the user's penis to assist in developing and maintaining an erection by stimulation, constriction, and support. 2. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 1 further comprising at least one inflatable constriction ring securable in conjunction with either or both of the proximal and/or distal annular sections circumferentially girding a user's penis, said at least one constriction ring configured for variable inflation between a minimum inflation and a maximum inflation to prevent outflow of blood from the user's penis when the constriction ring is inflated. 3. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 2 wherein the at least one inflatable constriction ring comprises at least one protuberance disposed to project toward the center of the said constriction ring, said at least one protuberance configured to impress upon a targeted area upon the user's penis to impede blood flow within targeted tissue of the user's penis. 4. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 3 wherein the at least one inflatable constriction ring further comprises at least one groove disposed upon an inner surface of the said at least one inflatable constriction ring, said groove disposed to accommodate the user's urethra wherein the at least one inflatable constriction ring does not impede patency of the user's urethra or the passage of ejaculate therethrough when the said constriction ring is inflated. 5. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 3 wherein the targeted tissue includes dorsal and dorsolateral penile veins. 6. The wearable device with constriction elements of the treatment of erectile to dysfunction of claim 3 wherein the targeted tissue includes basal and basolateral penile veins. 7. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 3 wherein the at least one inflatable ring is not completely circular, said at least one inflatable ring disposed in the shape of a hoop with an open section disposed between a pair of end sections wherein fit of the at least one inflatable constriction ring around the user's penis accommodates the user's urethra between the pair of end sections when the said ring is inflated to maintain urethral patency and to enable passage of ejaculate therethrough. 8. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 1 wherein the sheath member further comprises a handheld control system disposed in operational communication with at least one of the following:
the at least one vibratory unit; and
the channel;
wherein the at least one vibratory unit is controllable manually and the channel is fillable with compressed air by manual selection. 9. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 2 wherein the sheath member further comprises a handheld control system disposed in operational communication with at least one of the following:
the at least one vibratory unit;
the at least one inflatable constriction ring; and
the channel;
wherein the at least one vibratory unit is controllable manually and the channel and/or the at least one inflatable constriction ring is fillable with compressed air by manual selection. 10. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 9 wherein the handheld control system includes at least one pump, connectable to the sheath member whereby inflation of the channel and/or at least one constriction ring is automated when the pump is activated. 11. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 1 wherein the sheath member further comprises a beaded elasticated band disposed proximal the proximal annular section, said beaded elasticated band disposed for taut and releasable engagement around the user's testicles. 12. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 10 wherein the handheld control system communicates with the sheath member wirelessly. 13. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 10 wherein the pump comprises at least one hand pump directly connectable to the sheath member to enable manual compression of air into the chamber and/or the at least one constriction ring. 14. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 1 further comprising a vibratory sleeve configured to induce and sustain an erection, said vibratory sleeve having a plurality of vibratory units disposed longitudinally therein, said vibratory sleeve devised of a yielding elastomeric polymer configured for sliding engagement around a user's penis to induce and sustain an erection via contact, manipulation, and stimulation. | A wearable device with constriction elements for treatment of erectile dysfunction includes a sheath member having a proximal annual section and a distal annular section configured to tautly engage around a user's penis. At least one channel is disposed within at least one longitudinal section disposed interconnecting the proximal and distal annular sections. The at least one channel is disposed to accommodate one or more of an elongate rod member, at least one vibratory unit, or introduction of compressed air forcibly introduced therein to rigidify and mechanically support the wearer's penis. At least one inflatable constriction ring is disposed seatable into the proximal and/or distal constriction ring to target penile blood vessels and prevent blood loss therefrom. A vibratory sleeve is also included, devised to assist in inducing an erection by manual application around a user's penis and mechanical action of a plurality of elongate vibratory units disposed therein.1. A wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction comprising:
a sheath member configured to secure around a user's penis, said sheath member comprising:
a proximal annular section disposed to tautly seat circumferentially around the user's penis approximal a base of the said user's penis, said first annular section thereby constricting outflow of blood from the corpora cavernosa of the user's penis;
a distal annular section disposed to seat circumferentially around the user's penis approximal a glans of the said user's penis, said distal annular section thereby constricting outflow of blood from the glans of the user's penis;
at least one longitudinal section disposed interconnecting the said proximal and distal annular sections, said at least one longitudinal section comprising a channel therein wherein is insertable at least one of the following:
compressed air, an elongate rod, at least one vibratory unit;
wherein the sheath member is fittable upon the user's penis to assist in developing and maintaining an erection by stimulation, constriction, and support. 2. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 1 further comprising at least one inflatable constriction ring securable in conjunction with either or both of the proximal and/or distal annular sections circumferentially girding a user's penis, said at least one constriction ring configured for variable inflation between a minimum inflation and a maximum inflation to prevent outflow of blood from the user's penis when the constriction ring is inflated. 3. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 2 wherein the at least one inflatable constriction ring comprises at least one protuberance disposed to project toward the center of the said constriction ring, said at least one protuberance configured to impress upon a targeted area upon the user's penis to impede blood flow within targeted tissue of the user's penis. 4. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 3 wherein the at least one inflatable constriction ring further comprises at least one groove disposed upon an inner surface of the said at least one inflatable constriction ring, said groove disposed to accommodate the user's urethra wherein the at least one inflatable constriction ring does not impede patency of the user's urethra or the passage of ejaculate therethrough when the said constriction ring is inflated. 5. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 3 wherein the targeted tissue includes dorsal and dorsolateral penile veins. 6. The wearable device with constriction elements of the treatment of erectile to dysfunction of claim 3 wherein the targeted tissue includes basal and basolateral penile veins. 7. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 3 wherein the at least one inflatable ring is not completely circular, said at least one inflatable ring disposed in the shape of a hoop with an open section disposed between a pair of end sections wherein fit of the at least one inflatable constriction ring around the user's penis accommodates the user's urethra between the pair of end sections when the said ring is inflated to maintain urethral patency and to enable passage of ejaculate therethrough. 8. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 1 wherein the sheath member further comprises a handheld control system disposed in operational communication with at least one of the following:
the at least one vibratory unit; and
the channel;
wherein the at least one vibratory unit is controllable manually and the channel is fillable with compressed air by manual selection. 9. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 2 wherein the sheath member further comprises a handheld control system disposed in operational communication with at least one of the following:
the at least one vibratory unit;
the at least one inflatable constriction ring; and
the channel;
wherein the at least one vibratory unit is controllable manually and the channel and/or the at least one inflatable constriction ring is fillable with compressed air by manual selection. 10. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 9 wherein the handheld control system includes at least one pump, connectable to the sheath member whereby inflation of the channel and/or at least one constriction ring is automated when the pump is activated. 11. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 1 wherein the sheath member further comprises a beaded elasticated band disposed proximal the proximal annular section, said beaded elasticated band disposed for taut and releasable engagement around the user's testicles. 12. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 10 wherein the handheld control system communicates with the sheath member wirelessly. 13. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 10 wherein the pump comprises at least one hand pump directly connectable to the sheath member to enable manual compression of air into the chamber and/or the at least one constriction ring. 14. The wearable device with constriction elements for the treatment of erectile dysfunction of claim 1 further comprising a vibratory sleeve configured to induce and sustain an erection, said vibratory sleeve having a plurality of vibratory units disposed longitudinally therein, said vibratory sleeve devised of a yielding elastomeric polymer configured for sliding engagement around a user's penis to induce and sustain an erection via contact, manipulation, and stimulation. | 3,700 |
341,166 | 16,801,518 | 3,785 | An abdomen massaging system massages through selective application of heat, vibrations, and pressure the muscles of the abdomen for relieving menstrual pains and cramps. The system utilizes a massage belt that is wearable about the pelvis. The massage belt has a fastener, such as straps, that hold the body portion around abdomen. The massage belt is remotely regulated by a control unit or a remote controller to selectively generate vibration with a vibratory element, heat with a heat element, and pressure with a pressure element. These massaging components are controlled by a hands-free control unit that initiates a vibration signal, a heat signal, and a pressure signal to the massage belt. The heat element, vibratory element, and pressure element provide a perceptible stimulus to the pelvic area at predetermined times and intensities. The control unit regulates signals between a rest mode, a signal mode, a timer, and a speed control. | 1. An abdomen massaging system, the system comprising:
a massage belt operable to be worn on, or proximal to, the pelvic area, the massage belt comprising a heat element operable to generate heat, the massage belt further comprising a vibratory element operable to generate vibrations, and a pressure element operable to generate pressure; a control unit operable to regulate the heat element, the vibratory element, and the pressure element, the control unit comprising a signal transmission device and a signal reception device, the signal transition device transmitting a heat signal to the heat element to initiate heat in the massage belt, the heat signal comprising a heat signal mode and a heat rest mode, the heat signal mode initiating operation of the heat element, the heat rest mode terminating operation of the heat element, the control unit transmitting a vibration signal to the vibratory element to initiate vibration in the massage belt, the vibration signal comprising a vibration signal mode and a vibration rest mode, the vibration signal mode initiating operation of the vibratory element, the vibration rest mode terminating operation of the vibratory element, the control unit transmitting a pressure signal to the pressure element to initiate pressure in the massage belt, the pressure signal comprising a pressure signal mode and a pressure rest mode, the pressure signal mode initiating operation of the pressure element, the pressure rest mode terminating operation of the pressure element; and a remote controller in operational communication with the signal reception device of the control unit, the remote controller operable to command the control unit to generate the heat signal, the vibration signal, and the pressure signal. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the control unit is disposed on a control side of the belt, and the elements are disposed on a massage side of the belt. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the heat element comprises a heating pad. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the vibratory element comprises a vibrator. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the pressure element comprises a contraction strap or an air pressure bladder. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the pressure element applies pressure at a base line pressure. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the pressure signal mode is operative when the pressure applied by the pressure module is above the base line pressure. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the pressure rest mode is operative below the base line pressure. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the control unit comprises a speed level controller, the speed level controller being operational to regulate the intensity of the vibratory element and the pressure element. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the speed level controller comprises a high level, a medium level, and a slow level. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the control unit comprises a timer, the timer regulating the duration of the signals. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the control unit comprises a recharge outlet operable to receive power from an external power source, the recharge outlet being in electrical communication with the heat element, the vibratory element, and the pressure element. 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising a power cord carrying power from the external power source to the recharge outlet. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the control unit comprises an idle module and a constant module, the idle module being operable to terminate operation of the vibratory element, the heat element, and the pressure element. 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the massage belt comprises a body portion and at least one fastener, the fastener being operable to help retain the body portion on, or proximal to, the pelvic area. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the at least one fastener comprises a pair of straps arranged on the one opposing ends of the body portion to fasten the body portion on the pelvic area. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the at least one fastener comprises a snap button. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein the remote controller includes at least one of the following: a cell phone, a radio remote controller, and an iPad. 19. An abdomen massaging system, the system comprising:
a massage belt operable to be worn on, or proximal to, the pelvic area, the massage belt comprising a heat element operable to generate heat, the massage belt further comprising a vibratory element operable to generate vibrations, and a pressure element operable to generate pressure, the massage belt further comprising a body portion and at least one fastener, the fastener being operable to help retain the body portion on, or proximal to, the pelvic area; a control unit joined with the body portion of the massage belt, the control unit operable to regulate the heat element, the vibratory element, and the pressure element, the control unit comprising a signal transmission device and a signal reception device, the signal transition device transmitting a heat signal to the heat element to initiate heat in the massage belt, the heat signal comprising a heat signal mode and a heat rest mode, the heat signal mode initiating operation of the heat element, the heat rest mode terminating operation of the heat element, the control unit transmitting a vibration signal to the vibratory element to initiate vibration in the massage belt, the vibration signal comprising a vibration signal mode and a vibration rest mode, the vibration signal mode initiating operation of the vibratory element, the vibration rest mode terminating operation of the vibratory element, the control unit transmitting a pressure signal to the pressure element to initiate pressure in the massage belt, the pressure signal comprising a pressure signal mode and a pressure rest mode, the pressure signal mode initiating operation of the pressure element, the pressure rest mode terminating operation of the pressure element, the control unit further comprising a speed level controller, the speed level controller being operational to regulate the intensity of the vibratory element and the pressure element, the control unit further comprising a timer, the timer regulating the duration of the signals; and a remote controller in operational communication with the signal reception device of the control unit, the remote controller operable to command the control unit to generate the heat signal, the vibration signal, and the pressure signal. 20. An abdomen massaging system, the system comprising:
a massage belt operable to be worn on, or proximal to, the pelvic area, the massage belt comprising a heat element operable to generate heat, the massage belt further comprising a vibratory element operable to generate vibrations, and a pressure element operable to generate pressure, the massage belt further comprising a body portion and at least one fastener, the fastener being operable to help retain the body portion on, or proximal to, the pelvic area; a control unit operable to regulate the heat element, the vibratory element, and the pressure element, the control unit being disposed on a control side of the belt, and the elements being disposed on a massage side of the belt, the control unit comprising a signal transmission device and a signal reception device, the signal transition device transmitting a heat signal to the heat element to initiate heat in the massage belt, the heat signal comprising a heat signal mode and a heat rest mode, the heat signal mode initiating operation of the heat element, the heat rest mode terminating operation of the heat element, the control unit transmitting a vibration signal to the vibratory element to initiate vibration in the massage belt, the vibration signal comprising a vibration signal mode and a vibration rest mode, the vibration signal mode initiating operation of the vibratory element, the vibration rest mode terminating operation of the vibratory element, the control unit transmitting a pressure signal to the pressure element to initiate pressure in the massage belt, the pressure signal comprising a pressure signal mode and a pressure rest mode, the pressure signal mode initiating operation of the pressure element, the pressure rest mode terminating operation of the pressure element, the pressure element applying pressure at a base line pressure, whereby the pressure signal mode is operative when the pressure applied by the pressure module is above the base line pressure, whereby the pressure rest mode is operative below the base line pressure, the control unit further comprising a speed level controller, the speed level controller being operational to regulate the intensity of the vibratory element and the pressure element, the control unit further comprising a timer, the timer regulating the duration of the signals, the control unit further comprising a recharge outlet operable to receive power from an external power source, the recharge outlet being in electrical communication with the heat element, the vibratory element, and the pressure element; and a remote controller in operational communication with the signal reception device of the control unit, the remote controller operable to command the control unit to generate the heat signal, the vibration signal, and the pressure signal. | An abdomen massaging system massages through selective application of heat, vibrations, and pressure the muscles of the abdomen for relieving menstrual pains and cramps. The system utilizes a massage belt that is wearable about the pelvis. The massage belt has a fastener, such as straps, that hold the body portion around abdomen. The massage belt is remotely regulated by a control unit or a remote controller to selectively generate vibration with a vibratory element, heat with a heat element, and pressure with a pressure element. These massaging components are controlled by a hands-free control unit that initiates a vibration signal, a heat signal, and a pressure signal to the massage belt. The heat element, vibratory element, and pressure element provide a perceptible stimulus to the pelvic area at predetermined times and intensities. The control unit regulates signals between a rest mode, a signal mode, a timer, and a speed control.1. An abdomen massaging system, the system comprising:
a massage belt operable to be worn on, or proximal to, the pelvic area, the massage belt comprising a heat element operable to generate heat, the massage belt further comprising a vibratory element operable to generate vibrations, and a pressure element operable to generate pressure; a control unit operable to regulate the heat element, the vibratory element, and the pressure element, the control unit comprising a signal transmission device and a signal reception device, the signal transition device transmitting a heat signal to the heat element to initiate heat in the massage belt, the heat signal comprising a heat signal mode and a heat rest mode, the heat signal mode initiating operation of the heat element, the heat rest mode terminating operation of the heat element, the control unit transmitting a vibration signal to the vibratory element to initiate vibration in the massage belt, the vibration signal comprising a vibration signal mode and a vibration rest mode, the vibration signal mode initiating operation of the vibratory element, the vibration rest mode terminating operation of the vibratory element, the control unit transmitting a pressure signal to the pressure element to initiate pressure in the massage belt, the pressure signal comprising a pressure signal mode and a pressure rest mode, the pressure signal mode initiating operation of the pressure element, the pressure rest mode terminating operation of the pressure element; and a remote controller in operational communication with the signal reception device of the control unit, the remote controller operable to command the control unit to generate the heat signal, the vibration signal, and the pressure signal. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the control unit is disposed on a control side of the belt, and the elements are disposed on a massage side of the belt. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the heat element comprises a heating pad. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the vibratory element comprises a vibrator. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the pressure element comprises a contraction strap or an air pressure bladder. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the pressure element applies pressure at a base line pressure. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the pressure signal mode is operative when the pressure applied by the pressure module is above the base line pressure. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the pressure rest mode is operative below the base line pressure. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the control unit comprises a speed level controller, the speed level controller being operational to regulate the intensity of the vibratory element and the pressure element. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the speed level controller comprises a high level, a medium level, and a slow level. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the control unit comprises a timer, the timer regulating the duration of the signals. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the control unit comprises a recharge outlet operable to receive power from an external power source, the recharge outlet being in electrical communication with the heat element, the vibratory element, and the pressure element. 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising a power cord carrying power from the external power source to the recharge outlet. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the control unit comprises an idle module and a constant module, the idle module being operable to terminate operation of the vibratory element, the heat element, and the pressure element. 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the massage belt comprises a body portion and at least one fastener, the fastener being operable to help retain the body portion on, or proximal to, the pelvic area. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the at least one fastener comprises a pair of straps arranged on the one opposing ends of the body portion to fasten the body portion on the pelvic area. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the at least one fastener comprises a snap button. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein the remote controller includes at least one of the following: a cell phone, a radio remote controller, and an iPad. 19. An abdomen massaging system, the system comprising:
a massage belt operable to be worn on, or proximal to, the pelvic area, the massage belt comprising a heat element operable to generate heat, the massage belt further comprising a vibratory element operable to generate vibrations, and a pressure element operable to generate pressure, the massage belt further comprising a body portion and at least one fastener, the fastener being operable to help retain the body portion on, or proximal to, the pelvic area; a control unit joined with the body portion of the massage belt, the control unit operable to regulate the heat element, the vibratory element, and the pressure element, the control unit comprising a signal transmission device and a signal reception device, the signal transition device transmitting a heat signal to the heat element to initiate heat in the massage belt, the heat signal comprising a heat signal mode and a heat rest mode, the heat signal mode initiating operation of the heat element, the heat rest mode terminating operation of the heat element, the control unit transmitting a vibration signal to the vibratory element to initiate vibration in the massage belt, the vibration signal comprising a vibration signal mode and a vibration rest mode, the vibration signal mode initiating operation of the vibratory element, the vibration rest mode terminating operation of the vibratory element, the control unit transmitting a pressure signal to the pressure element to initiate pressure in the massage belt, the pressure signal comprising a pressure signal mode and a pressure rest mode, the pressure signal mode initiating operation of the pressure element, the pressure rest mode terminating operation of the pressure element, the control unit further comprising a speed level controller, the speed level controller being operational to regulate the intensity of the vibratory element and the pressure element, the control unit further comprising a timer, the timer regulating the duration of the signals; and a remote controller in operational communication with the signal reception device of the control unit, the remote controller operable to command the control unit to generate the heat signal, the vibration signal, and the pressure signal. 20. An abdomen massaging system, the system comprising:
a massage belt operable to be worn on, or proximal to, the pelvic area, the massage belt comprising a heat element operable to generate heat, the massage belt further comprising a vibratory element operable to generate vibrations, and a pressure element operable to generate pressure, the massage belt further comprising a body portion and at least one fastener, the fastener being operable to help retain the body portion on, or proximal to, the pelvic area; a control unit operable to regulate the heat element, the vibratory element, and the pressure element, the control unit being disposed on a control side of the belt, and the elements being disposed on a massage side of the belt, the control unit comprising a signal transmission device and a signal reception device, the signal transition device transmitting a heat signal to the heat element to initiate heat in the massage belt, the heat signal comprising a heat signal mode and a heat rest mode, the heat signal mode initiating operation of the heat element, the heat rest mode terminating operation of the heat element, the control unit transmitting a vibration signal to the vibratory element to initiate vibration in the massage belt, the vibration signal comprising a vibration signal mode and a vibration rest mode, the vibration signal mode initiating operation of the vibratory element, the vibration rest mode terminating operation of the vibratory element, the control unit transmitting a pressure signal to the pressure element to initiate pressure in the massage belt, the pressure signal comprising a pressure signal mode and a pressure rest mode, the pressure signal mode initiating operation of the pressure element, the pressure rest mode terminating operation of the pressure element, the pressure element applying pressure at a base line pressure, whereby the pressure signal mode is operative when the pressure applied by the pressure module is above the base line pressure, whereby the pressure rest mode is operative below the base line pressure, the control unit further comprising a speed level controller, the speed level controller being operational to regulate the intensity of the vibratory element and the pressure element, the control unit further comprising a timer, the timer regulating the duration of the signals, the control unit further comprising a recharge outlet operable to receive power from an external power source, the recharge outlet being in electrical communication with the heat element, the vibratory element, and the pressure element; and a remote controller in operational communication with the signal reception device of the control unit, the remote controller operable to command the control unit to generate the heat signal, the vibration signal, and the pressure signal. | 3,700 |
341,167 | 16,801,465 | 3,785 | A laser tool apparatus includes a tool body; a fiber optic cable disposed in the tool body, the fiber optic cable including a laser head that emits a laser beam; a reshape optic disposed coaxially downstream of the fiber optic, the reshape optic reshaping the laser beam emitted from the laser head; and a flexible cable attached to the reshape optic. The flexible cable flexibly orients the laser beam at a desired angle within a borehole. | 1. A laser tool apparatus comprising:
a tool body; a fiber optic cable disposed in the tool body, the fiber optic cable comprising a laser head that emits a laser beam; a reshape optic disposed coaxially downstream of the fiber optic, the reshape optic reshaping the laser beam emitted from the laser head; and a flexible cable attached to the reshape optic, where the flexible cable flexibly orients the laser beam at a desired angle within a borehole. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, where the laser beam removes an obstacle within the borehole, and where the laser beam cuts an object free during a fishing operation. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, where the laser head further comprises an anti-reflection surface coating. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, where the reshape optic further comprises an anti-reflection surface coating. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, where the reshape optic comprises a cylindrical body and a cone-shaped top portion, where the cone-shaped top portion receives the laser beam from the fiber optic cable. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, where the reshape optic further comprises a group of lenses; and
a purging nozzle. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, where the group of lenses adjusts the size of the laser beam emitted from the laser head. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a camera. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, where the camera comprises an optical camera. 10. The apparatus of claim 8, where the camera comprise an acoustic camera. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a nozzle for coaxial purging attached to the end of the flexible cable, the nozzle comprising a nozzle tip, the nozzle tip increasing a purging flow and preventing debris from flowing back towards the flexible cable. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a mounting system for holding the laser head and the reshape optic. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, where the mounting system comprises a rotational stage integrated into the tool body, where the rotational stage enables a rotational circular motion of the flexible cable. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, where the mounting system comprises a telescoping axial stage, where the telescoping axial stage adjusts an axial height of the reshape optic within the borehole. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a splitter operatively coupled to the reshape optic, the splitter splitting the laser beam from the reshape optic and delivering the resulting laser beams to a plurality of flexible cables coupled downstream of the splitter. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a drill bit, where the apparatus performs drilling and fishing. 17. A fiber optics delivery system comprising:
a fiber optic tool body; a reshape optic; at least one flexible cable attached to the reshape optic; and a control system; where the control system orients the flexible cable at a desired direction within a borehole. 18. The system of claim 17, where the reshape optic is disposed downstream of the fiber optic tool body, and where the reshape optic and the fiber optic tool body are connected to a mounting system. 19. The system of claim 17, where the fiber optic tool body comprises a fiber optic cable, the fiber optic cable comprising a laser head to deliver a laser beam to the reshape optic. 20. The system of claim 19, where the laser head operates at a power from about one (1) kW to about ten (10) kW. | A laser tool apparatus includes a tool body; a fiber optic cable disposed in the tool body, the fiber optic cable including a laser head that emits a laser beam; a reshape optic disposed coaxially downstream of the fiber optic, the reshape optic reshaping the laser beam emitted from the laser head; and a flexible cable attached to the reshape optic. The flexible cable flexibly orients the laser beam at a desired angle within a borehole.1. A laser tool apparatus comprising:
a tool body; a fiber optic cable disposed in the tool body, the fiber optic cable comprising a laser head that emits a laser beam; a reshape optic disposed coaxially downstream of the fiber optic, the reshape optic reshaping the laser beam emitted from the laser head; and a flexible cable attached to the reshape optic, where the flexible cable flexibly orients the laser beam at a desired angle within a borehole. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, where the laser beam removes an obstacle within the borehole, and where the laser beam cuts an object free during a fishing operation. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, where the laser head further comprises an anti-reflection surface coating. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, where the reshape optic further comprises an anti-reflection surface coating. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, where the reshape optic comprises a cylindrical body and a cone-shaped top portion, where the cone-shaped top portion receives the laser beam from the fiber optic cable. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, where the reshape optic further comprises a group of lenses; and
a purging nozzle. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, where the group of lenses adjusts the size of the laser beam emitted from the laser head. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a camera. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, where the camera comprises an optical camera. 10. The apparatus of claim 8, where the camera comprise an acoustic camera. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a nozzle for coaxial purging attached to the end of the flexible cable, the nozzle comprising a nozzle tip, the nozzle tip increasing a purging flow and preventing debris from flowing back towards the flexible cable. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a mounting system for holding the laser head and the reshape optic. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, where the mounting system comprises a rotational stage integrated into the tool body, where the rotational stage enables a rotational circular motion of the flexible cable. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, where the mounting system comprises a telescoping axial stage, where the telescoping axial stage adjusts an axial height of the reshape optic within the borehole. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a splitter operatively coupled to the reshape optic, the splitter splitting the laser beam from the reshape optic and delivering the resulting laser beams to a plurality of flexible cables coupled downstream of the splitter. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a drill bit, where the apparatus performs drilling and fishing. 17. A fiber optics delivery system comprising:
a fiber optic tool body; a reshape optic; at least one flexible cable attached to the reshape optic; and a control system; where the control system orients the flexible cable at a desired direction within a borehole. 18. The system of claim 17, where the reshape optic is disposed downstream of the fiber optic tool body, and where the reshape optic and the fiber optic tool body are connected to a mounting system. 19. The system of claim 17, where the fiber optic tool body comprises a fiber optic cable, the fiber optic cable comprising a laser head to deliver a laser beam to the reshape optic. 20. The system of claim 19, where the laser head operates at a power from about one (1) kW to about ten (10) kW. | 3,700 |
341,168 | 16,801,474 | 3,785 | A first device of a network may decide to transmit a flood of packets that is longer in duration than the maximum amount of time that the first device can continuously transmit. The first device may coordinate with one or more second devices of the network such that each of the one or more second devices transmits a respective second portion of the flood of packets following transmission of a first portion of the flood of packets by the first network device. The packets may advertise a pending network event that is to occur at a time indicated by the contents of the packets. The first device may select the one or more second devices from a plurality of devices based on a location of the one or more second devices and/or how many third devices are in the network. | 1. A method comprising:
in a first device of a network:
deciding to transmit a flood of packets that is longer in duration than the maximum amount of time that said first device can continuously transmit;
coordinating with one or more second devices of said network such that each of said one or more second devices transmits a respective second portion of said flood of packets following transmission of a first portion of said flood of packets by said first network device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said packets advertise a pending network event that is to occur at a time indicated by the contents of said packets. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said network event comprises the transmission of a search request. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein said packets contain a channel identifier field that indicates a channel on which said search request will be transmitted. 5. The method of claim 1, comprising selecting said one or more second devices from a plurality of devices based on a location of said one or more second devices. 6. The method of claim 1, comprising selecting said one or more second network devices from a plurality of devices based on how many third devices are in said network. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
said one or more second devices is a plurality of second devices; and said plurality of second devices concurrently transmit their said respective portions of said flood. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein a transmit power utilized by each of said one or more second devices for transmitting its said respective portion of said flood is controlled to avoid collisions between packets of said flood. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein each one of said plurality of second devices transmits its said respective portion of said flood on a channel that is different than a channel utilized by each other one of said plurality of second devices for transmitting their said respective portions of said flood. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein said packets are background frames comprising a subnet field, a background protocol identifier field, a channel identifier field, and an event time field. 11. A system comprising:
a first device of a network, said first device being operable to:
decide to transmit a flood of packets that is longer in duration than the maximum amount of time that said first device can continuously transmit;
coordinate with one or more second devices of said network such that each of said one or more second devices transmits a respective second portion of said flood of packets following transmission of a first portion of said flood of packets by said first network device. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein said packets advertise a pending network event that is to occur at a time indicated by the contents of said packets. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein said network event comprises the transmission of a search request. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein said packets contain a channel identifier field that indicates a channel on which said search request will be transmitted. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein said first device is operable to select said one or more second devices from a plurality of devices based on a location of said one or more second devices. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein said first network device is operable to select said one or more second network devices from a plurality of devices based on how many third devices are in said network. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein:
said one or more second devices is a plurality of second devices; and said plurality of second devices concurrently transmit their said respective portions of said flood. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein a transmit power utilized by each of said one or more second devices for transmitting its said respective portion of said flood is controlled to avoid collisions between packets of said flood. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein each one of said plurality of second devices transmits its said respective portion of said flood on a channel that is different than a channel utilized by each other one of said plurality of second devices for transmitting their said respective portions of said flood. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein said packets are background frames comprising a subnet field, a background protocol identifier field, a channel identifier field, and an event time field. | A first device of a network may decide to transmit a flood of packets that is longer in duration than the maximum amount of time that the first device can continuously transmit. The first device may coordinate with one or more second devices of the network such that each of the one or more second devices transmits a respective second portion of the flood of packets following transmission of a first portion of the flood of packets by the first network device. The packets may advertise a pending network event that is to occur at a time indicated by the contents of the packets. The first device may select the one or more second devices from a plurality of devices based on a location of the one or more second devices and/or how many third devices are in the network.1. A method comprising:
in a first device of a network:
deciding to transmit a flood of packets that is longer in duration than the maximum amount of time that said first device can continuously transmit;
coordinating with one or more second devices of said network such that each of said one or more second devices transmits a respective second portion of said flood of packets following transmission of a first portion of said flood of packets by said first network device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said packets advertise a pending network event that is to occur at a time indicated by the contents of said packets. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said network event comprises the transmission of a search request. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein said packets contain a channel identifier field that indicates a channel on which said search request will be transmitted. 5. The method of claim 1, comprising selecting said one or more second devices from a plurality of devices based on a location of said one or more second devices. 6. The method of claim 1, comprising selecting said one or more second network devices from a plurality of devices based on how many third devices are in said network. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
said one or more second devices is a plurality of second devices; and said plurality of second devices concurrently transmit their said respective portions of said flood. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein a transmit power utilized by each of said one or more second devices for transmitting its said respective portion of said flood is controlled to avoid collisions between packets of said flood. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein each one of said plurality of second devices transmits its said respective portion of said flood on a channel that is different than a channel utilized by each other one of said plurality of second devices for transmitting their said respective portions of said flood. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein said packets are background frames comprising a subnet field, a background protocol identifier field, a channel identifier field, and an event time field. 11. A system comprising:
a first device of a network, said first device being operable to:
decide to transmit a flood of packets that is longer in duration than the maximum amount of time that said first device can continuously transmit;
coordinate with one or more second devices of said network such that each of said one or more second devices transmits a respective second portion of said flood of packets following transmission of a first portion of said flood of packets by said first network device. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein said packets advertise a pending network event that is to occur at a time indicated by the contents of said packets. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein said network event comprises the transmission of a search request. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein said packets contain a channel identifier field that indicates a channel on which said search request will be transmitted. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein said first device is operable to select said one or more second devices from a plurality of devices based on a location of said one or more second devices. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein said first network device is operable to select said one or more second network devices from a plurality of devices based on how many third devices are in said network. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein:
said one or more second devices is a plurality of second devices; and said plurality of second devices concurrently transmit their said respective portions of said flood. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein a transmit power utilized by each of said one or more second devices for transmitting its said respective portion of said flood is controlled to avoid collisions between packets of said flood. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein each one of said plurality of second devices transmits its said respective portion of said flood on a channel that is different than a channel utilized by each other one of said plurality of second devices for transmitting their said respective portions of said flood. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein said packets are background frames comprising a subnet field, a background protocol identifier field, a channel identifier field, and an event time field. | 3,700 |
341,169 | 16,801,469 | 3,785 | A computer-implemented method, system, and computer program product for dynamic access control to a node in a knowledge graph includes: structuring nodes of a knowledge graph into a plurality of hierarchically organized graph layers; assigning, to one or more users, an access right to a first node of the knowledge graph, the access right to the node selected from a plurality of access rights, where different types of users have different access rights; and assigning, to at least one user from the one or more users, an additional access right to a second node of the knowledge graph. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
structuring nodes of a knowledge graph into a plurality of hierarchically organized graph layers; assigning, to one or more users, an access right to a first node of the knowledge graph, the access right to the node selected from a plurality of access rights, wherein different types of users have different access rights; and assigning, to at least one user from the one or more users, an additional access right to a second node of the knowledge graph. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of access rights comprises:
a node owner right, wherein the node owner right indicates that the user has created the node; a node active right, the node active right enabling the user to modify the node and create lower level nodes; and a node read right, the node read right enabling the user to read content of the node. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein assigning, to the one or more users, the access right to the first node of the knowledge graph comprises:
assigning at least a node read right to all users of the knowledge graph for the first node of the knowledge graph, wherein the first node of the knowledge graph includes nodes of a top layer of the knowledge graph. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein assigning, to the at least one user from the one or more users, the additional access right to the second node of the knowledge graph comprises:
assigning at least a node active right to the at least one user that has accessed the second node of the knowledge graph within a pre-determined amount of time, wherein the second node of the knowledge graph includes nodes of a middle layer of the knowledge graph. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
changing the accesses right to at least the first node dynamically, the changing based on at least one of a structure of the knowledge graph, an access history of a user to the node, and a parameter of the user indicative of a condition outside the knowledge graph. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the changing the access right to at least the first node dynamically, based on at least the parameter of the user indicative of the condition outside the knowledge graph comprises:
assigning, to a user, access rights to nodes to which a second user has access rights, if the user and the second user are linked in a social media network. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the changing the access right to at least the first node dynamically, based on at least the parameter of the user indicative of the condition outside the knowledge graph comprises:
assigning, to the user, access rights to nodes to which a second user of a same cluster of users of a group of users has access rights, wherein the same cluster is determined by applying unsupervised machine learning using at least one of data about the user, access rights to nodes, access rights to higher level nodes, and activities regarding the node. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the cluster building is performed by applying a k-means method to user profile data. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein the changing the access right to at least the first node dynamically, based on at least the parameter of the user indicative of the condition outside the knowledge graph comprises:
assigning, to the user, access rights to nodes to which a group of other users, not including the user, has access rights, wherein the group is determined by supervised machine learning and wherein the other users of the group have comparable access histories to nodes. 10. The method of claim 5, wherein changing the access right to at least the first node dynamically, based on at least the access history of the user to the node comprises:
changing the access right to the second node from a node active right to a node read right if the user did not access the node for a predetermined period of time. 11. The method of claim 5, wherein changing the access right to at least the first node dynamically, based on at least the access history of the user to the node comprises:
removing a node read right if the user did not access one of the lower level nodes for a predefined period of time. 12. A system having one or more computer processors, the system configured to:
structure nodes of a knowledge graph into a plurality of hierarchically organized graph layers; assign, to one or more users, an access right to a first node of the knowledge graph, the access right to the node selected from a plurality of access rights, wherein different types of users have different access rights; and assign, to at least one user from the one or more users, an additional access right to a second node of the knowledge graph. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the plurality of access rights comprises:
a node owner right, wherein the node owner right indicates that the user has created the node; a node active right, the node active right enabling the user to modify the node and create lower level nodes; and a node read right, the node read right enabling the user to read content of the node. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein assigning, to the one or more users, the access right to the first node of the knowledge graph comprises:
assigning at least a node read right to all users of the knowledge graph for the first node of the knowledge graph, wherein the first node of the knowledge graph includes nodes of a top layer of the knowledge graph. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein assigning, to the at least one user from the one or more users, the additional access right to the second node of the knowledge graph comprises:
assigning at least a node active right to the at least one user that has accessed the second node of the knowledge graph within a pre-determined amount of time, wherein the second node of the knowledge graph includes nodes of a middle layer of the knowledge graph. 16. The system of claim 12, further configured to:
change the accesses right to at least the first node dynamically, the changing based on at least one of a structure of the knowledge graph, an access history of a user to the node, and a parameter of the user indicative of a condition outside the knowledge graph. 17. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor on a computing device to cause the computing device to perform a method comprising:
structuring nodes of a knowledge graph into a plurality of hierarchically organized graph layers; assigning, to one or more users, an access right to a first node of the knowledge graph, the access right to the node selected from a plurality of access rights, wherein different types of users have different access rights; and assigning, to at least one user from the one or more users, an additional access right to a second node of the knowledge graph. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the plurality of access rights comprises:
a node owner right, wherein the node owner right indicates that the user has created the node; a node active right, the node active right enabling the user to modify the node and create lower level nodes; and a node read right, the node read right enabling the user to read content of the node. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein assigning, to the one or more users, the access right to the first node of the knowledge graph comprises:
assigning at least a node read right to all users of the knowledge graph for the first node of the knowledge graph, wherein the first node of the knowledge graph includes nodes of a top layer of the knowledge graph. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, wherein assigning, to the at least one user from the one or more users, the additional access right to the second node of the knowledge graph comprises:
assigning at least a node active right to the at least one user that has accessed the second node of the knowledge graph within a pre-determined amount of time, wherein the second node of the knowledge graph includes nodes of a middle layer of the knowledge graph. | A computer-implemented method, system, and computer program product for dynamic access control to a node in a knowledge graph includes: structuring nodes of a knowledge graph into a plurality of hierarchically organized graph layers; assigning, to one or more users, an access right to a first node of the knowledge graph, the access right to the node selected from a plurality of access rights, where different types of users have different access rights; and assigning, to at least one user from the one or more users, an additional access right to a second node of the knowledge graph.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
structuring nodes of a knowledge graph into a plurality of hierarchically organized graph layers; assigning, to one or more users, an access right to a first node of the knowledge graph, the access right to the node selected from a plurality of access rights, wherein different types of users have different access rights; and assigning, to at least one user from the one or more users, an additional access right to a second node of the knowledge graph. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of access rights comprises:
a node owner right, wherein the node owner right indicates that the user has created the node; a node active right, the node active right enabling the user to modify the node and create lower level nodes; and a node read right, the node read right enabling the user to read content of the node. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein assigning, to the one or more users, the access right to the first node of the knowledge graph comprises:
assigning at least a node read right to all users of the knowledge graph for the first node of the knowledge graph, wherein the first node of the knowledge graph includes nodes of a top layer of the knowledge graph. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein assigning, to the at least one user from the one or more users, the additional access right to the second node of the knowledge graph comprises:
assigning at least a node active right to the at least one user that has accessed the second node of the knowledge graph within a pre-determined amount of time, wherein the second node of the knowledge graph includes nodes of a middle layer of the knowledge graph. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
changing the accesses right to at least the first node dynamically, the changing based on at least one of a structure of the knowledge graph, an access history of a user to the node, and a parameter of the user indicative of a condition outside the knowledge graph. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the changing the access right to at least the first node dynamically, based on at least the parameter of the user indicative of the condition outside the knowledge graph comprises:
assigning, to a user, access rights to nodes to which a second user has access rights, if the user and the second user are linked in a social media network. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the changing the access right to at least the first node dynamically, based on at least the parameter of the user indicative of the condition outside the knowledge graph comprises:
assigning, to the user, access rights to nodes to which a second user of a same cluster of users of a group of users has access rights, wherein the same cluster is determined by applying unsupervised machine learning using at least one of data about the user, access rights to nodes, access rights to higher level nodes, and activities regarding the node. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the cluster building is performed by applying a k-means method to user profile data. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein the changing the access right to at least the first node dynamically, based on at least the parameter of the user indicative of the condition outside the knowledge graph comprises:
assigning, to the user, access rights to nodes to which a group of other users, not including the user, has access rights, wherein the group is determined by supervised machine learning and wherein the other users of the group have comparable access histories to nodes. 10. The method of claim 5, wherein changing the access right to at least the first node dynamically, based on at least the access history of the user to the node comprises:
changing the access right to the second node from a node active right to a node read right if the user did not access the node for a predetermined period of time. 11. The method of claim 5, wherein changing the access right to at least the first node dynamically, based on at least the access history of the user to the node comprises:
removing a node read right if the user did not access one of the lower level nodes for a predefined period of time. 12. A system having one or more computer processors, the system configured to:
structure nodes of a knowledge graph into a plurality of hierarchically organized graph layers; assign, to one or more users, an access right to a first node of the knowledge graph, the access right to the node selected from a plurality of access rights, wherein different types of users have different access rights; and assign, to at least one user from the one or more users, an additional access right to a second node of the knowledge graph. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the plurality of access rights comprises:
a node owner right, wherein the node owner right indicates that the user has created the node; a node active right, the node active right enabling the user to modify the node and create lower level nodes; and a node read right, the node read right enabling the user to read content of the node. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein assigning, to the one or more users, the access right to the first node of the knowledge graph comprises:
assigning at least a node read right to all users of the knowledge graph for the first node of the knowledge graph, wherein the first node of the knowledge graph includes nodes of a top layer of the knowledge graph. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein assigning, to the at least one user from the one or more users, the additional access right to the second node of the knowledge graph comprises:
assigning at least a node active right to the at least one user that has accessed the second node of the knowledge graph within a pre-determined amount of time, wherein the second node of the knowledge graph includes nodes of a middle layer of the knowledge graph. 16. The system of claim 12, further configured to:
change the accesses right to at least the first node dynamically, the changing based on at least one of a structure of the knowledge graph, an access history of a user to the node, and a parameter of the user indicative of a condition outside the knowledge graph. 17. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor on a computing device to cause the computing device to perform a method comprising:
structuring nodes of a knowledge graph into a plurality of hierarchically organized graph layers; assigning, to one or more users, an access right to a first node of the knowledge graph, the access right to the node selected from a plurality of access rights, wherein different types of users have different access rights; and assigning, to at least one user from the one or more users, an additional access right to a second node of the knowledge graph. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the plurality of access rights comprises:
a node owner right, wherein the node owner right indicates that the user has created the node; a node active right, the node active right enabling the user to modify the node and create lower level nodes; and a node read right, the node read right enabling the user to read content of the node. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein assigning, to the one or more users, the access right to the first node of the knowledge graph comprises:
assigning at least a node read right to all users of the knowledge graph for the first node of the knowledge graph, wherein the first node of the knowledge graph includes nodes of a top layer of the knowledge graph. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, wherein assigning, to the at least one user from the one or more users, the additional access right to the second node of the knowledge graph comprises:
assigning at least a node active right to the at least one user that has accessed the second node of the knowledge graph within a pre-determined amount of time, wherein the second node of the knowledge graph includes nodes of a middle layer of the knowledge graph. | 3,700 |
341,170 | 16,801,486 | 3,785 | An optical fiber includes a glass fiber and a coating resin covering an outer periphery of the glass fiber. The glass fiber includes a core and a cladding. An outer diameter of the glass fiber is 99 μm or larger and 101 μm or smaller. The coating resin includes a cured material of an ultraviolet curing resin composition. An outer diameter of the coating resin is 160 μm or larger and 170 μm or smaller. A mode field diameter for light having a wavelength of 1310 nm is 7.2 μm or larger and 8.2 μm or smaller. Bending loss at a wavelength of 1550 nm when wound in a ring shape having a radius of 10 mm is 0.1 dB/turn or less. Bending loss at the wavelength of 1550 nm when wound in the ring shape having the radius of 7.5 mm is 0.5 dB/turn or less. | 1. An optical fiber comprising a glass fiber and a coating resin covering an outer periphery of the glass fiber,
wherein the glass fiber includes a core and a cladding covering an outer periphery of the core, a refractive index of the cladding is lower than a refractive index of the core, an outer diameter of the glass fiber is 99 μm or larger and 101 μm or smaller, the coating resin includes a cured material of an ultraviolet curing resin composition, an outer diameter of the coating resin is 160 μm or larger and 170 μm or smaller, a mode field diameter for light having a wavelength of 1310 nm is 7.2 μm or larger and 8.2 μm or smaller, bending loss at a wavelength of 1550 nm when wound in a ring shape having a radius of 10 mm is 0.1 dB/turn or less, and bending loss at the wavelength of 1550 nm when wound in the ring shape having the radius of 7.5 mm is 0.5 dB/turn or less. 2. The optical fiber according to claim 1,
wherein a cable cutoff wavelength is 1530 nm or shorter, transmission loss at the wavelength of 1530 nm or longer and 1565 nm or shorter is 0.3 dB/km or less, and a loss increase amount at the wavelength of 1550 nm when an outer periphery of a cylinder having the outer diameter of 280 mm is covered with sandpaper of #240 and the optical fiber is wound around the outer periphery of the cylinder with tension of 0.8 N in such a way as to be in contact with the sandpaper is 1 dB/km or less. 3. The optical fiber according to claim 1,
wherein a cable cutoff wavelength is 1260 nm or shorter, transmission loss at the wavelength of 1310 nm or longer and 1625 nm or shorter is 0.4 dB/km or less, and a loss increase amount at the wavelength of 1550 nm when an outer periphery of a cylinder having the outer diameter of 280 mm is covered with sandpaper of #240 and the optical fiber is wound around the outer periphery of the cylinder with tension of 0.8 N in such a way as to be in contact with the sandpaper is 1 dB/km or less. 4. The optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein a MAC value being a ratio of a mode field diameter MFD [μm] for the light having the wavelength of 1310 nm to a cable cutoff wavelength λcc [nm] is 6.9 or smaller. 5. The optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein a virtual temperature of glass configuring the glass fiber is 1600° C. or higher and 1700° C. or lower. 6. The optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the core includes a material in which germanium is added to pure silica glass, and the cladding includes the pure silica glass, and has an absorption peak at a wave number of 2500 cm−1 or larger and 3000 cm−1 or smaller in an IR spectrum. 7. The optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein tensile strength in a center axis direction is larger than 0.69 GPa. 8. The optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the coating resin includes a primary coating resin layer covering the outer periphery of the glass fiber and a secondary coating resin layer covering an outer periphery of the primary coating resin layer. 9. The optical fiber according to claim 8,
wherein a Young's modulus of the primary coating resin layer is 0.7 MPa or smaller, an outer diameter of the primary coating resin layer is 120 μm or larger and 140 μm or smaller, a Young's modulus of the secondary coating resin layer is 800 MPa or larger and 3000 MPa or smaller, and an outer diameter of the secondary coating resin layer is 150 μm or larger and 170 μm or smaller. 10. The optical fiber according to claim 9,
wherein the coating resin further includes a colored resin layer covering an outer periphery of the secondary coating resin layer, and an outer diameter of the colored resin layer is 160 μm or larger and 170 μm or smaller. 11. The optical fiber according to claim 8, wherein the secondary coating resin layer includes coloring ink, and configures an outermost layer of the coating resin. | An optical fiber includes a glass fiber and a coating resin covering an outer periphery of the glass fiber. The glass fiber includes a core and a cladding. An outer diameter of the glass fiber is 99 μm or larger and 101 μm or smaller. The coating resin includes a cured material of an ultraviolet curing resin composition. An outer diameter of the coating resin is 160 μm or larger and 170 μm or smaller. A mode field diameter for light having a wavelength of 1310 nm is 7.2 μm or larger and 8.2 μm or smaller. Bending loss at a wavelength of 1550 nm when wound in a ring shape having a radius of 10 mm is 0.1 dB/turn or less. Bending loss at the wavelength of 1550 nm when wound in the ring shape having the radius of 7.5 mm is 0.5 dB/turn or less.1. An optical fiber comprising a glass fiber and a coating resin covering an outer periphery of the glass fiber,
wherein the glass fiber includes a core and a cladding covering an outer periphery of the core, a refractive index of the cladding is lower than a refractive index of the core, an outer diameter of the glass fiber is 99 μm or larger and 101 μm or smaller, the coating resin includes a cured material of an ultraviolet curing resin composition, an outer diameter of the coating resin is 160 μm or larger and 170 μm or smaller, a mode field diameter for light having a wavelength of 1310 nm is 7.2 μm or larger and 8.2 μm or smaller, bending loss at a wavelength of 1550 nm when wound in a ring shape having a radius of 10 mm is 0.1 dB/turn or less, and bending loss at the wavelength of 1550 nm when wound in the ring shape having the radius of 7.5 mm is 0.5 dB/turn or less. 2. The optical fiber according to claim 1,
wherein a cable cutoff wavelength is 1530 nm or shorter, transmission loss at the wavelength of 1530 nm or longer and 1565 nm or shorter is 0.3 dB/km or less, and a loss increase amount at the wavelength of 1550 nm when an outer periphery of a cylinder having the outer diameter of 280 mm is covered with sandpaper of #240 and the optical fiber is wound around the outer periphery of the cylinder with tension of 0.8 N in such a way as to be in contact with the sandpaper is 1 dB/km or less. 3. The optical fiber according to claim 1,
wherein a cable cutoff wavelength is 1260 nm or shorter, transmission loss at the wavelength of 1310 nm or longer and 1625 nm or shorter is 0.4 dB/km or less, and a loss increase amount at the wavelength of 1550 nm when an outer periphery of a cylinder having the outer diameter of 280 mm is covered with sandpaper of #240 and the optical fiber is wound around the outer periphery of the cylinder with tension of 0.8 N in such a way as to be in contact with the sandpaper is 1 dB/km or less. 4. The optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein a MAC value being a ratio of a mode field diameter MFD [μm] for the light having the wavelength of 1310 nm to a cable cutoff wavelength λcc [nm] is 6.9 or smaller. 5. The optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein a virtual temperature of glass configuring the glass fiber is 1600° C. or higher and 1700° C. or lower. 6. The optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the core includes a material in which germanium is added to pure silica glass, and the cladding includes the pure silica glass, and has an absorption peak at a wave number of 2500 cm−1 or larger and 3000 cm−1 or smaller in an IR spectrum. 7. The optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein tensile strength in a center axis direction is larger than 0.69 GPa. 8. The optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the coating resin includes a primary coating resin layer covering the outer periphery of the glass fiber and a secondary coating resin layer covering an outer periphery of the primary coating resin layer. 9. The optical fiber according to claim 8,
wherein a Young's modulus of the primary coating resin layer is 0.7 MPa or smaller, an outer diameter of the primary coating resin layer is 120 μm or larger and 140 μm or smaller, a Young's modulus of the secondary coating resin layer is 800 MPa or larger and 3000 MPa or smaller, and an outer diameter of the secondary coating resin layer is 150 μm or larger and 170 μm or smaller. 10. The optical fiber according to claim 9,
wherein the coating resin further includes a colored resin layer covering an outer periphery of the secondary coating resin layer, and an outer diameter of the colored resin layer is 160 μm or larger and 170 μm or smaller. 11. The optical fiber according to claim 8, wherein the secondary coating resin layer includes coloring ink, and configures an outermost layer of the coating resin. | 3,700 |
341,171 | 16,801,471 | 3,785 | The present disclosure relates to an in-vehicle communication device and a time synchronization method thereof. The in-vehicle communication device includes a clock generator for generating a clock signal, a local counter for counting the number of pulses of the clock signal, a transceiver for receiving a message via an in-vehicle communication network, and a processor that determines whether the message received via the transceiver is a synchronization message, extracts synchronization time information from the synchronization message, and adjusts a count value of the local counter based on the synchronization time information to perform time synchronization. | 1. An in-vehicle communication device comprising:
a clock generator for generating a clock signal; a local counter for counting the number of pulses of the clock signal; a transceiver for receiving a message via an in-vehicle communication network; and a processor configured to: determine whether the message received via the transceiver is a synchronization message; extract synchronization time information from the synchronization message; and adjust a count value of the local counter based on the synchronization time information to perform time synchronization. 2. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 1, wherein the in-vehicle communication network is implemented as a controller area network (CAN) or a Local Interconnect Network (LIN). 3. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 2, wherein the processor includes a CAN controller, an offset processor, and a scaler. 4. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 3, wherein the CAN controller filters the synchronization message among the received message through a filter. 5. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 4, wherein the filter determines whether a message identifier of the received message matches a pre-stored synchronization message identifier. 6. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 3, wherein the offset processor offsets the synchronization time information by reflecting communication delay information. 7. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 6, wherein the offset processor calculates an offset synchronization time by adding a synchronization time and a communication delay time. 8. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 7, wherein the scaler scales the offset synchronization time based on a driving frequency of the local counter. 9. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 8, wherein the scaler calculates a scaled count value by performing a multiplication operation of the offset synchronization time and the driving frequency. 10. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 9, wherein the scaler reflects the scaled count value to the local counter. 11. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 10, wherein the local counter updates a current count value into the scaled count value. 12. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one sensor; and a host processor configured to: when sensor information is acquired through the at least one sensor, identify acquisition time information of the sensor information based on a synchronized count value output from the local counter; and generate a transmission message including the sensor information and the acquisition time information and provide the generated transmission message to the processor. 13. A method for synchronizing time of an in-vehicle communication device, the method comprising:
receiving, by a processor, a message via an in-vehicle communication network; determining, by the processor, whether the received message is a synchronization message; extracting, by the processor, synchronization time information from the synchronization message; and performing, by the processor, time synchronization based on the synchronization time information. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the in-vehicle communication network is implemented as a controller area network (CAN) or a Local Interconnect Network (LIN). 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the determining of whether the received message is the synchronization message includes:
determining, by a CAN controller of the processor, whether a message identifier of the received message matches a pre-stored synchronization message identifier and filtering the synchronization message among the received messages. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the performing of the time synchronization includes:
offsetting, by an offset processor of the processor, the synchronization time information by reflecting communication delay information; scaling, by a scaler of the processor, the offset synchronization time information based on a driving frequency of a local counter; and reflecting, by the scaler, a scaled count value to the local counter. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the offsetting of the synchronization time information includes:
calculating, by the offset processor, an offset synchronization time by adding a synchronization time and a communication delay time. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the scaling of the offset synchronization time information includes:
calculating, by the scaler, a scaled count value by performing a multiplication operation of the offset synchronization time and the driving frequency. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the reflecting of the scaled count value to the local counter includes:
updating, by the local counter, a current count value into the scaled count value. | The present disclosure relates to an in-vehicle communication device and a time synchronization method thereof. The in-vehicle communication device includes a clock generator for generating a clock signal, a local counter for counting the number of pulses of the clock signal, a transceiver for receiving a message via an in-vehicle communication network, and a processor that determines whether the message received via the transceiver is a synchronization message, extracts synchronization time information from the synchronization message, and adjusts a count value of the local counter based on the synchronization time information to perform time synchronization.1. An in-vehicle communication device comprising:
a clock generator for generating a clock signal; a local counter for counting the number of pulses of the clock signal; a transceiver for receiving a message via an in-vehicle communication network; and a processor configured to: determine whether the message received via the transceiver is a synchronization message; extract synchronization time information from the synchronization message; and adjust a count value of the local counter based on the synchronization time information to perform time synchronization. 2. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 1, wherein the in-vehicle communication network is implemented as a controller area network (CAN) or a Local Interconnect Network (LIN). 3. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 2, wherein the processor includes a CAN controller, an offset processor, and a scaler. 4. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 3, wherein the CAN controller filters the synchronization message among the received message through a filter. 5. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 4, wherein the filter determines whether a message identifier of the received message matches a pre-stored synchronization message identifier. 6. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 3, wherein the offset processor offsets the synchronization time information by reflecting communication delay information. 7. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 6, wherein the offset processor calculates an offset synchronization time by adding a synchronization time and a communication delay time. 8. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 7, wherein the scaler scales the offset synchronization time based on a driving frequency of the local counter. 9. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 8, wherein the scaler calculates a scaled count value by performing a multiplication operation of the offset synchronization time and the driving frequency. 10. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 9, wherein the scaler reflects the scaled count value to the local counter. 11. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 10, wherein the local counter updates a current count value into the scaled count value. 12. The in-vehicle communication device of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one sensor; and a host processor configured to: when sensor information is acquired through the at least one sensor, identify acquisition time information of the sensor information based on a synchronized count value output from the local counter; and generate a transmission message including the sensor information and the acquisition time information and provide the generated transmission message to the processor. 13. A method for synchronizing time of an in-vehicle communication device, the method comprising:
receiving, by a processor, a message via an in-vehicle communication network; determining, by the processor, whether the received message is a synchronization message; extracting, by the processor, synchronization time information from the synchronization message; and performing, by the processor, time synchronization based on the synchronization time information. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the in-vehicle communication network is implemented as a controller area network (CAN) or a Local Interconnect Network (LIN). 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the determining of whether the received message is the synchronization message includes:
determining, by a CAN controller of the processor, whether a message identifier of the received message matches a pre-stored synchronization message identifier and filtering the synchronization message among the received messages. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the performing of the time synchronization includes:
offsetting, by an offset processor of the processor, the synchronization time information by reflecting communication delay information; scaling, by a scaler of the processor, the offset synchronization time information based on a driving frequency of a local counter; and reflecting, by the scaler, a scaled count value to the local counter. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the offsetting of the synchronization time information includes:
calculating, by the offset processor, an offset synchronization time by adding a synchronization time and a communication delay time. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the scaling of the offset synchronization time information includes:
calculating, by the scaler, a scaled count value by performing a multiplication operation of the offset synchronization time and the driving frequency. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the reflecting of the scaled count value to the local counter includes:
updating, by the local counter, a current count value into the scaled count value. | 3,700 |
341,172 | 16,801,503 | 3,785 | A thermoelectric module is disclosed. The thermoelectric module includes a first thermoelectric material unit, a second thermoelectric material unit connected in series to the first thermoelectric material unit, and a bypass circuit connected in parallel to the first thermoelectric material unit and the second thermoelectric material unit and configured to selectively divert current that is applied to the first thermoelectric material unit to the second thermoelectric material unit, thereby obtaining advantageous effects of improved stability and reliability. | 1. A thermoelectric module, comprising:
a first thermoelectric material unit; a second thermoelectric material unit connected in series to the first thermoelectric material unit; and a bypass circuit connected in parallel to the first thermoelectric material unit and the second thermoelectric material unit, the bypass circuit being configured to selectively divert current that is applied to the first thermoelectric material unit to the second thermoelectric material unit. 2. The thermoelectric module according to claim 1, wherein the first thermoelectric material unit comprises one first unit thermoelectric material. 3. The thermoelectric module according to claim 2, wherein the first unit thermoelectric material comprises at least one of a first N-type thermoelectric material or a first P-type thermoelectric material. 4. The thermoelectric module according to claim 1, wherein the first thermoelectric material unit comprises a plurality of first unit thermoelectric materials connected in series to each other. 5. The thermoelectric module according to claim 4, wherein the first unit thermoelectric material comprises at least one of a first N-type thermoelectric material or a first P-type thermoelectric material. 6. The thermoelectric module according to claim 1, wherein the second thermoelectric material unit comprises one second unit thermoelectric material. 7. The thermoelectric module according to claim 6, wherein the second unit thermoelectric material comprises at least one of a second N-type thermoelectric material or a second P-type thermoelectric material. 8. The thermoelectric module according to claim 1, wherein the second thermoelectric material unit comprises a plurality of second unit thermoelectric materials connected in series to each other. 9. The thermoelectric module according to claim 8, wherein the first unit thermoelectric material comprises at least one of a first N-type thermoelectric material or a first P-type thermoelectric material. 10. The thermoelectric module according to claim 1, wherein one end of the bypass circuit is connected to an input terminal of the first thermoelectric material unit, and another end of the bypass circuit is connected to an input terminal of the second thermoelectric material unit. 11. The thermoelectric module according to claim 10, wherein the bypass circuit comprises a resistor configured such that a resistance value thereof decreases in accordance with a rise in temperature. 12. The thermoelectric module according to claim 11, wherein, when an open circuit occurs in the first thermoelectric material unit, the resistance value of the resistor decreases, and current that is applied to the first thermoelectric material unit is diverted to the second thermoelectric material unit through the resistor. 13. The thermoelectric module according to claim 11, wherein the resistor is a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor. | A thermoelectric module is disclosed. The thermoelectric module includes a first thermoelectric material unit, a second thermoelectric material unit connected in series to the first thermoelectric material unit, and a bypass circuit connected in parallel to the first thermoelectric material unit and the second thermoelectric material unit and configured to selectively divert current that is applied to the first thermoelectric material unit to the second thermoelectric material unit, thereby obtaining advantageous effects of improved stability and reliability.1. A thermoelectric module, comprising:
a first thermoelectric material unit; a second thermoelectric material unit connected in series to the first thermoelectric material unit; and a bypass circuit connected in parallel to the first thermoelectric material unit and the second thermoelectric material unit, the bypass circuit being configured to selectively divert current that is applied to the first thermoelectric material unit to the second thermoelectric material unit. 2. The thermoelectric module according to claim 1, wherein the first thermoelectric material unit comprises one first unit thermoelectric material. 3. The thermoelectric module according to claim 2, wherein the first unit thermoelectric material comprises at least one of a first N-type thermoelectric material or a first P-type thermoelectric material. 4. The thermoelectric module according to claim 1, wherein the first thermoelectric material unit comprises a plurality of first unit thermoelectric materials connected in series to each other. 5. The thermoelectric module according to claim 4, wherein the first unit thermoelectric material comprises at least one of a first N-type thermoelectric material or a first P-type thermoelectric material. 6. The thermoelectric module according to claim 1, wherein the second thermoelectric material unit comprises one second unit thermoelectric material. 7. The thermoelectric module according to claim 6, wherein the second unit thermoelectric material comprises at least one of a second N-type thermoelectric material or a second P-type thermoelectric material. 8. The thermoelectric module according to claim 1, wherein the second thermoelectric material unit comprises a plurality of second unit thermoelectric materials connected in series to each other. 9. The thermoelectric module according to claim 8, wherein the first unit thermoelectric material comprises at least one of a first N-type thermoelectric material or a first P-type thermoelectric material. 10. The thermoelectric module according to claim 1, wherein one end of the bypass circuit is connected to an input terminal of the first thermoelectric material unit, and another end of the bypass circuit is connected to an input terminal of the second thermoelectric material unit. 11. The thermoelectric module according to claim 10, wherein the bypass circuit comprises a resistor configured such that a resistance value thereof decreases in accordance with a rise in temperature. 12. The thermoelectric module according to claim 11, wherein, when an open circuit occurs in the first thermoelectric material unit, the resistance value of the resistor decreases, and current that is applied to the first thermoelectric material unit is diverted to the second thermoelectric material unit through the resistor. 13. The thermoelectric module according to claim 11, wherein the resistor is a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor. | 3,700 |
341,173 | 16,801,490 | 3,785 | A platooning controller is provided. The platooning controller includes a processor configured to perform platooning control when an outside vehicle cuts in during platooning and a storage configured to store information for performing the platooning control. The processor is configured to perform the platooning control based on sensor information of a host vehicle, when the outside vehicle cuts in front of the host vehicle. The processor is configured to determine whether a platooning vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle performs emergency braking, based on communication information received from a vehicle which is platooning in front of the host vehicle. | 1. A platooning controller, comprising:
a processor configured to perform platooning control when an outside vehicle cuts in during platooning; and a storage configured to store information for performing the platooning control, wherein the processor is configured to: perform the platooning control based on sensor information of a host vehicle, when the outside vehicle cuts in front of the host vehicle; and determine whether a platooning vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle performs emergency braking, based on communication information received from a vehicle which is platooning in front of the host vehicle. 2. The platooning controller of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether a vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle is a vehicle which is platooning based on the communication information received from the vehicle which is platooning in front of the host vehicle when the outside vehicle cuts out. 3. The platooning controller of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to compare a first distance from the vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle, the first distance being obtained based on the sensor information, with a second distance from the vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle, the second distance being obtained based on global positioning system (GPS) information in the communication information, to determine whether the vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle is the vehicle which is platooning. 4. The platooning controller of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether the platooning vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle performs the emergency braking based on instantaneous variation in required deceleration of the platooning vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle and a magnitude of change in the required deceleration in the communication information. 5. The platooning controller of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to perform emergency braking of the host vehicle when it is determined that the platooning vehicle performs the emergency braking based on the communication information while the outside vehicle is traveling in front of the host vehicle. 6. A vehicle system, comprising:
a communication device configured to perform communication between platooning vehicles; a sensing device configured to sense information of a forward vehicle; and a platooning controller configured to perform platooning control based on sensor information of a host vehicle when an outside vehicle cuts in front of the host vehicle and determine whether a platooning vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle performs emergency braking, based on communication information received from a vehicle which is platooning in front of the host vehicle. 7. The vehicle system of claim 6, wherein the communication device is configured to perform vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. 8. The vehicle system of claim 6, wherein the sensing device is configured to sense at least one or more of a location, a speed, or a relative distance of the forward vehicle. 9. The vehicle system of claim 6, wherein the platooning controller is configured to determine whether a vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle is a vehicle which is platooning based on the communication information received from the vehicle which is platooning in front of the host vehicle when the outside vehicle cuts out. 10. The vehicle system of claim 9, wherein the platooning controller is configured to compare a first distance from the vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle, the first distance being obtained based on the sensor information, with a second distance from the vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle, the second distance being obtained based on GPS information in the communication information, to determine whether the vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle is the vehicle which is platooning. 11. The vehicle system of claim 6, wherein the platooning controller is configured to determine whether the platooning vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle performs the emergency braking based on instantaneous variation in required deceleration of the platooning vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle and a magnitude of change in the required deceleration in the communication information. 12. A platooning control method, comprising:
transmitting and receiving platooning information through communication between platooning vehicles including a host vehicle; sensing information of a forward vehicle; performing platooning control based on sensor information of the host vehicle when an outside vehicle cuts in front of the host vehicle; and determining whether a platooning vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle performs emergency braking based on communication information received from a platooning vehicle in front of the host vehicle. 13. The platooning control method of claim 12, further comprising:
determining whether a vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle is a platooning vehicle based on the communication information received from the platooning vehicle in front of the host vehicle when the outside vehicle cuts out. 14. The platooning control method of claim 13, wherein determining whether the vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle is a platooning vehicle includes:
comparing a first distance from the vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle, the first distance being obtained based on the sensor information, with a second distance from the vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle, the second distance being obtained based on GPS information in the communication information. 15. The platooning control method of claim 12, wherein determining whether the platooning vehicle performs the emergency braking includes:
determining whether the platooning vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle performs the emergency braking based on instantaneous variation in required deceleration of the platooning vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle and a magnitude of change in the required deceleration in the communication information. | A platooning controller is provided. The platooning controller includes a processor configured to perform platooning control when an outside vehicle cuts in during platooning and a storage configured to store information for performing the platooning control. The processor is configured to perform the platooning control based on sensor information of a host vehicle, when the outside vehicle cuts in front of the host vehicle. The processor is configured to determine whether a platooning vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle performs emergency braking, based on communication information received from a vehicle which is platooning in front of the host vehicle.1. A platooning controller, comprising:
a processor configured to perform platooning control when an outside vehicle cuts in during platooning; and a storage configured to store information for performing the platooning control, wherein the processor is configured to: perform the platooning control based on sensor information of a host vehicle, when the outside vehicle cuts in front of the host vehicle; and determine whether a platooning vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle performs emergency braking, based on communication information received from a vehicle which is platooning in front of the host vehicle. 2. The platooning controller of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether a vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle is a vehicle which is platooning based on the communication information received from the vehicle which is platooning in front of the host vehicle when the outside vehicle cuts out. 3. The platooning controller of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to compare a first distance from the vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle, the first distance being obtained based on the sensor information, with a second distance from the vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle, the second distance being obtained based on global positioning system (GPS) information in the communication information, to determine whether the vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle is the vehicle which is platooning. 4. The platooning controller of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether the platooning vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle performs the emergency braking based on instantaneous variation in required deceleration of the platooning vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle and a magnitude of change in the required deceleration in the communication information. 5. The platooning controller of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to perform emergency braking of the host vehicle when it is determined that the platooning vehicle performs the emergency braking based on the communication information while the outside vehicle is traveling in front of the host vehicle. 6. A vehicle system, comprising:
a communication device configured to perform communication between platooning vehicles; a sensing device configured to sense information of a forward vehicle; and a platooning controller configured to perform platooning control based on sensor information of a host vehicle when an outside vehicle cuts in front of the host vehicle and determine whether a platooning vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle performs emergency braking, based on communication information received from a vehicle which is platooning in front of the host vehicle. 7. The vehicle system of claim 6, wherein the communication device is configured to perform vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. 8. The vehicle system of claim 6, wherein the sensing device is configured to sense at least one or more of a location, a speed, or a relative distance of the forward vehicle. 9. The vehicle system of claim 6, wherein the platooning controller is configured to determine whether a vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle is a vehicle which is platooning based on the communication information received from the vehicle which is platooning in front of the host vehicle when the outside vehicle cuts out. 10. The vehicle system of claim 9, wherein the platooning controller is configured to compare a first distance from the vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle, the first distance being obtained based on the sensor information, with a second distance from the vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle, the second distance being obtained based on GPS information in the communication information, to determine whether the vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle is the vehicle which is platooning. 11. The vehicle system of claim 6, wherein the platooning controller is configured to determine whether the platooning vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle performs the emergency braking based on instantaneous variation in required deceleration of the platooning vehicle which is traveling in front of the host vehicle and a magnitude of change in the required deceleration in the communication information. 12. A platooning control method, comprising:
transmitting and receiving platooning information through communication between platooning vehicles including a host vehicle; sensing information of a forward vehicle; performing platooning control based on sensor information of the host vehicle when an outside vehicle cuts in front of the host vehicle; and determining whether a platooning vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle performs emergency braking based on communication information received from a platooning vehicle in front of the host vehicle. 13. The platooning control method of claim 12, further comprising:
determining whether a vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle is a platooning vehicle based on the communication information received from the platooning vehicle in front of the host vehicle when the outside vehicle cuts out. 14. The platooning control method of claim 13, wherein determining whether the vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle is a platooning vehicle includes:
comparing a first distance from the vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle, the first distance being obtained based on the sensor information, with a second distance from the vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle, the second distance being obtained based on GPS information in the communication information. 15. The platooning control method of claim 12, wherein determining whether the platooning vehicle performs the emergency braking includes:
determining whether the platooning vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle performs the emergency braking based on instantaneous variation in required deceleration of the platooning vehicle traveling in front of the host vehicle and a magnitude of change in the required deceleration in the communication information. | 3,700 |
341,174 | 16,801,492 | 3,785 | Provided is a local slice selective T2 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) test procedure that includes: (1) identifying a location of a fracture within a core plug; (2) conducting an initial local slice selective T2 NMR test on a slice of the plug that corresponds to the location to generate initial T2 measurements; (3) determining an initial fracture pore volume of the fracture based on the initial T2 measurements; (4) conducting an in-situ local slice selective T2 NMR test on the slice of the plug to generate in-situ T2 measurements and corresponding measures of a volume of fluid expelled from the plug; (5) determining an in-situ fracture pore volume for the fracture based on the in-situ T2 measurements; and (6) comparing the volume of water to a difference between the initial and the in-situ fracture pore volumes to confirm the accuracy of the in-situ pore volume. | 1. A method of slice selective nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing of a fractured core plug, the method comprising:
obtaining a fractured core plug comprising a fracture; saturating the fractured core plug with a saturating fluid to introduce the saturating fluid into the fracture; sealing the fractured core plug to inhibit the saturating fluid from leaking out of the fracture; identifying a location of the fracture within the core plug, the location including a position and orientation of the fracture; identifying a slice of the core plug corresponding to the location of the fracture; conducting initial local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
subjecting the core plug to baseline conditions, the baseline conditions comprising a first stress level;
conducting an initial NMR scan of the core plug to acquire initial T2 NMR measurements, the initial NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the baseline conditions; and
determining, based on the initial T2 NMR measurements, an initial fracture pore volume of the fracture;
conducting in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
determining in-situ conditions of the core plug, the in-situ conditions comprising an in-situ stress level for the core plug;
subjecting the core plug to in-situ conditions comprising a second stress level that is greater than the first stress level and that corresponds to the in-situ stress level;
conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug to acquire in-situ T2 NMR measurements, the in-situ NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the in-situ conditions;
measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug in response to subjecting the core plug to the in-situ condition;
determining, based on the in-situ T2 NMR measurements, an in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
determining a difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
comparing the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled; and
verifying, based on the comparison of the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled, the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the location of the fracture within the core plug comprises imaging the core plug to identify the location of the fracture within the core plug. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the imaging comprises x-ray imaging or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the core plug. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein sealing the fractured core plug comprises coating the fractured core plug with wax or paraffin. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug is conducted using a tri-axial NMR test fixture comprising a first gradient coil oriented in an x direction, a second gradient coil oriented in a y direction, and a third gradient coil oriented in a z direction, wherein the orientation of the fracture is oriented at an angle relative to two or more of the x, y and z directions, and wherein the NMR scans of the slice of the core plug each comprise selectively energizing two or more of the first, second and third gradient coils to obtain corresponding ones of the in-situ T2 measurements for the slice. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise a confining stress or shear stress that is greater than a confining stress or shear stress of the first stress level. 7. The method claim 1, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise an elevated in-situ stress level, and wherein the in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprises iteratively increasing a stress level applied to the core plug to reach the elevated in-situ stress level, and, for each iteration of an increase of the stress level applied to the core plug, conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug and measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the core plug is extracted from a formation of a reservoir and the method further comprises developing the reservoir based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein developing the reservoir comprises:
determining, based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture, operating parameters for a well in the formation; and operating the well in accordance with the operating parameters. 10. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising program instructions for slice selective nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing of a fractured core plug, the program instructions executable by a computer processor to cause the following operations:
identifying a location of a fracture within a core plug, the location including a position and orientation of the fracture, the core plug being saturated with a saturating fluid to introduce the saturating fluid into the fracture and being sealed to inhibit the saturating fluid from leaking out of the fracture; identifying a slice of the core plug corresponding to the location of the fracture; conducting initial local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
subjecting the core plug to baseline conditions, the baseline conditions comprising a first stress level;
conducting an initial NMR scan of the core plug to acquire initial T2 NMR measurements, the initial NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the baseline conditions; and
determining, based on the initial T2 NMR measurements, an initial fracture pore volume of the fracture;
conducting in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
determining in-situ conditions of the core plug, the in-situ conditions comprising an in-situ stress level for the core plug;
subjecting the core plug to in-situ conditions comprising a second stress level that is greater than the first stress level and that corresponds to the in-situ stress level;
conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug to acquire in-situ T2 NMR measurements, the in-situ NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the in-situ conditions;
measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug in response to subjecting the core plug to the in-situ condition;
determining, based on the in-situ T2 NMR measurements, an in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
determining a difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
comparing the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled; and
verifying, based on the comparison of the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled, the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 11. The medium of claim 10, wherein identifying the location of the fracture within the core plug comprises imaging the core plug to identify the location of the fracture within the core plug. 12. The medium of claim 11, wherein the imaging comprises x-ray imaging or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the core plug. 13. The medium of claim 10, wherein the exterior of the fractured core plug is coated with wax or paraffin configured to provide for the core plug being sealed to inhibit the saturating fluid from leaking out of the fracture. 14. The medium of claim 10, wherein the in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug is conducted using a tri-axial NMR test fixture comprising a first gradient coil oriented in an x direction, a second gradient coil oriented in a y direction, and a third gradient coil oriented in a z direction, wherein the orientation of the fracture is oriented at an angle relative to two or more of the x, y and z directions, and wherein the NMR scans of the slice of the core plug each comprise selectively energizing two or more of the first gradient coil, the second gradient coil and third gradient coils to obtain corresponding ones of the in-situ T2 measurements for the slice. 15. The medium of claim 10, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise a confining stress or shear stress that is greater than a confining stress or shear stress of the first stress level. 16. The medium of claim 10, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise an elevated in-situ stress level, and wherein the in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprises iteratively increasing a stress level applied to the core plug to reach the elevated in-situ stress level, and, for each iteration of an increase of the stress level applied to the core plug, conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug and measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug. 17. The medium of claim 10, wherein the core plug is extracted from a formation of a reservoir and the reservoir is developed based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 18. The medium of claim 17, wherein developing the reservoir comprises:
determining, based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture, operating parameters for a well in the formation; and operating the well in accordance with the operating parameters. 19. A system for slice selective nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing of a fractured core plug, comprising:
a slice selective NMR test fixture configured to subject a fractured core plug to slice selective NMR scans; and non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising program instructions executable by a computer processor to cause the following operations:
identifying a location of a fracture within a core plug, the location including a position and orientation of the fracture, the core plug being saturated with a saturating fluid to introduce the saturating fluid into the fracture and being sealed to inhibit the saturating fluid from leaking out of the fracture;
identifying a slice of the core plug corresponding to the location of the fracture;
conducting initial local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
subjecting the core plug to baseline conditions, the baseline conditions comprising a first stress level;
conducting an initial NMR scan of the core plug to acquire initial T2 NMR measurements, the initial NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the baseline conditions; and
determining, based on the initial T2 NMR measurements, an initial fracture pore volume of the fracture;
conducting in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
determining in-situ conditions of the core plug, the in-situ conditions comprising an in-situ stress level for the core plug;
subjecting the core plug to in-situ conditions comprising a second stress level that is greater than the first stress level and that corresponds to the in-situ stress level;
conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug to acquire in-situ T2 NMR measurements, the in-situ NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the in-situ conditions;
measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug in response to subjecting the core plug to the in-situ condition;
determining, based on the in-situ T2 NMR measurements, an in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
determining a difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
comparing the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled; and
verifying, based on the comparison of the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled, the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein identifying the location of the fracture within the core plug comprises imaging the core plug to identify the location of the fracture within the core plug. 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the imaging comprises x-ray imaging or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the core plug. 22. The system of claim 19, wherein the exterior of the fractured core plug is coated with wax or paraffin configured to provide for the core plug being sealed to inhibit the saturating fluid from leaking out of the fracture. 23. The system of claim 19, wherein the slice selective NMR test fixture comprises a tri-axial NMR test fixture comprising a first gradient coil oriented in an x direction, a second gradient coil oriented in a y direction, and a third gradient coil oriented in a z direction, wherein the orientation of the fracture is oriented at an angle relative to two or more of the x, y and z directions, and wherein the NMR scans of the slice of the core plug each comprise selectively energizing two or more of the first gradient coil, the second gradient coil and the third gradient coils to obtain corresponding ones of the in-situ T2 measurements for the slice. 24. The system of claim 19, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise a confining stress or shear stress that is greater than a confining stress or shear stress of the first stress level. 25. The system of claim 19, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise an elevated in-situ stress level, and wherein the in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprises iteratively increasing a stress level applied to the core plug to reach the elevated in-situ stress level, and, for each iteration of an increase of the stress level applied to the core plug, conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug and measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug. 26. The system of claim 19, wherein the core plug is extracted from a formation of a reservoir and the reservoir is developed based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein developing the reservoir comprises:
determining, based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture, operating parameters for a well in the formation; and operating the well in accordance with the operating parameters. | Provided is a local slice selective T2 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) test procedure that includes: (1) identifying a location of a fracture within a core plug; (2) conducting an initial local slice selective T2 NMR test on a slice of the plug that corresponds to the location to generate initial T2 measurements; (3) determining an initial fracture pore volume of the fracture based on the initial T2 measurements; (4) conducting an in-situ local slice selective T2 NMR test on the slice of the plug to generate in-situ T2 measurements and corresponding measures of a volume of fluid expelled from the plug; (5) determining an in-situ fracture pore volume for the fracture based on the in-situ T2 measurements; and (6) comparing the volume of water to a difference between the initial and the in-situ fracture pore volumes to confirm the accuracy of the in-situ pore volume.1. A method of slice selective nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing of a fractured core plug, the method comprising:
obtaining a fractured core plug comprising a fracture; saturating the fractured core plug with a saturating fluid to introduce the saturating fluid into the fracture; sealing the fractured core plug to inhibit the saturating fluid from leaking out of the fracture; identifying a location of the fracture within the core plug, the location including a position and orientation of the fracture; identifying a slice of the core plug corresponding to the location of the fracture; conducting initial local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
subjecting the core plug to baseline conditions, the baseline conditions comprising a first stress level;
conducting an initial NMR scan of the core plug to acquire initial T2 NMR measurements, the initial NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the baseline conditions; and
determining, based on the initial T2 NMR measurements, an initial fracture pore volume of the fracture;
conducting in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
determining in-situ conditions of the core plug, the in-situ conditions comprising an in-situ stress level for the core plug;
subjecting the core plug to in-situ conditions comprising a second stress level that is greater than the first stress level and that corresponds to the in-situ stress level;
conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug to acquire in-situ T2 NMR measurements, the in-situ NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the in-situ conditions;
measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug in response to subjecting the core plug to the in-situ condition;
determining, based on the in-situ T2 NMR measurements, an in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
determining a difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
comparing the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled; and
verifying, based on the comparison of the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled, the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the location of the fracture within the core plug comprises imaging the core plug to identify the location of the fracture within the core plug. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the imaging comprises x-ray imaging or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the core plug. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein sealing the fractured core plug comprises coating the fractured core plug with wax or paraffin. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug is conducted using a tri-axial NMR test fixture comprising a first gradient coil oriented in an x direction, a second gradient coil oriented in a y direction, and a third gradient coil oriented in a z direction, wherein the orientation of the fracture is oriented at an angle relative to two or more of the x, y and z directions, and wherein the NMR scans of the slice of the core plug each comprise selectively energizing two or more of the first, second and third gradient coils to obtain corresponding ones of the in-situ T2 measurements for the slice. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise a confining stress or shear stress that is greater than a confining stress or shear stress of the first stress level. 7. The method claim 1, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise an elevated in-situ stress level, and wherein the in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprises iteratively increasing a stress level applied to the core plug to reach the elevated in-situ stress level, and, for each iteration of an increase of the stress level applied to the core plug, conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug and measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the core plug is extracted from a formation of a reservoir and the method further comprises developing the reservoir based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein developing the reservoir comprises:
determining, based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture, operating parameters for a well in the formation; and operating the well in accordance with the operating parameters. 10. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising program instructions for slice selective nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing of a fractured core plug, the program instructions executable by a computer processor to cause the following operations:
identifying a location of a fracture within a core plug, the location including a position and orientation of the fracture, the core plug being saturated with a saturating fluid to introduce the saturating fluid into the fracture and being sealed to inhibit the saturating fluid from leaking out of the fracture; identifying a slice of the core plug corresponding to the location of the fracture; conducting initial local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
subjecting the core plug to baseline conditions, the baseline conditions comprising a first stress level;
conducting an initial NMR scan of the core plug to acquire initial T2 NMR measurements, the initial NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the baseline conditions; and
determining, based on the initial T2 NMR measurements, an initial fracture pore volume of the fracture;
conducting in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
determining in-situ conditions of the core plug, the in-situ conditions comprising an in-situ stress level for the core plug;
subjecting the core plug to in-situ conditions comprising a second stress level that is greater than the first stress level and that corresponds to the in-situ stress level;
conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug to acquire in-situ T2 NMR measurements, the in-situ NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the in-situ conditions;
measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug in response to subjecting the core plug to the in-situ condition;
determining, based on the in-situ T2 NMR measurements, an in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
determining a difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
comparing the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled; and
verifying, based on the comparison of the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled, the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 11. The medium of claim 10, wherein identifying the location of the fracture within the core plug comprises imaging the core plug to identify the location of the fracture within the core plug. 12. The medium of claim 11, wherein the imaging comprises x-ray imaging or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the core plug. 13. The medium of claim 10, wherein the exterior of the fractured core plug is coated with wax or paraffin configured to provide for the core plug being sealed to inhibit the saturating fluid from leaking out of the fracture. 14. The medium of claim 10, wherein the in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug is conducted using a tri-axial NMR test fixture comprising a first gradient coil oriented in an x direction, a second gradient coil oriented in a y direction, and a third gradient coil oriented in a z direction, wherein the orientation of the fracture is oriented at an angle relative to two or more of the x, y and z directions, and wherein the NMR scans of the slice of the core plug each comprise selectively energizing two or more of the first gradient coil, the second gradient coil and third gradient coils to obtain corresponding ones of the in-situ T2 measurements for the slice. 15. The medium of claim 10, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise a confining stress or shear stress that is greater than a confining stress or shear stress of the first stress level. 16. The medium of claim 10, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise an elevated in-situ stress level, and wherein the in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprises iteratively increasing a stress level applied to the core plug to reach the elevated in-situ stress level, and, for each iteration of an increase of the stress level applied to the core plug, conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug and measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug. 17. The medium of claim 10, wherein the core plug is extracted from a formation of a reservoir and the reservoir is developed based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 18. The medium of claim 17, wherein developing the reservoir comprises:
determining, based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture, operating parameters for a well in the formation; and operating the well in accordance with the operating parameters. 19. A system for slice selective nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing of a fractured core plug, comprising:
a slice selective NMR test fixture configured to subject a fractured core plug to slice selective NMR scans; and non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising program instructions executable by a computer processor to cause the following operations:
identifying a location of a fracture within a core plug, the location including a position and orientation of the fracture, the core plug being saturated with a saturating fluid to introduce the saturating fluid into the fracture and being sealed to inhibit the saturating fluid from leaking out of the fracture;
identifying a slice of the core plug corresponding to the location of the fracture;
conducting initial local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
subjecting the core plug to baseline conditions, the baseline conditions comprising a first stress level;
conducting an initial NMR scan of the core plug to acquire initial T2 NMR measurements, the initial NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the baseline conditions; and
determining, based on the initial T2 NMR measurements, an initial fracture pore volume of the fracture;
conducting in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
determining in-situ conditions of the core plug, the in-situ conditions comprising an in-situ stress level for the core plug;
subjecting the core plug to in-situ conditions comprising a second stress level that is greater than the first stress level and that corresponds to the in-situ stress level;
conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug to acquire in-situ T2 NMR measurements, the in-situ NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the in-situ conditions;
measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug in response to subjecting the core plug to the in-situ condition;
determining, based on the in-situ T2 NMR measurements, an in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
determining a difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
comparing the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled; and
verifying, based on the comparison of the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled, the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein identifying the location of the fracture within the core plug comprises imaging the core plug to identify the location of the fracture within the core plug. 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the imaging comprises x-ray imaging or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the core plug. 22. The system of claim 19, wherein the exterior of the fractured core plug is coated with wax or paraffin configured to provide for the core plug being sealed to inhibit the saturating fluid from leaking out of the fracture. 23. The system of claim 19, wherein the slice selective NMR test fixture comprises a tri-axial NMR test fixture comprising a first gradient coil oriented in an x direction, a second gradient coil oriented in a y direction, and a third gradient coil oriented in a z direction, wherein the orientation of the fracture is oriented at an angle relative to two or more of the x, y and z directions, and wherein the NMR scans of the slice of the core plug each comprise selectively energizing two or more of the first gradient coil, the second gradient coil and the third gradient coils to obtain corresponding ones of the in-situ T2 measurements for the slice. 24. The system of claim 19, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise a confining stress or shear stress that is greater than a confining stress or shear stress of the first stress level. 25. The system of claim 19, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise an elevated in-situ stress level, and wherein the in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprises iteratively increasing a stress level applied to the core plug to reach the elevated in-situ stress level, and, for each iteration of an increase of the stress level applied to the core plug, conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug and measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug. 26. The system of claim 19, wherein the core plug is extracted from a formation of a reservoir and the reservoir is developed based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein developing the reservoir comprises:
determining, based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture, operating parameters for a well in the formation; and operating the well in accordance with the operating parameters. | 3,700 |
341,175 | 16,801,511 | 3,785 | Provided is a local slice selective T2 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) test procedure that includes: (1) identifying a location of a fracture within a core plug; (2) conducting an initial local slice selective T2 NMR test on a slice of the plug that corresponds to the location to generate initial T2 measurements; (3) determining an initial fracture pore volume of the fracture based on the initial T2 measurements; (4) conducting an in-situ local slice selective T2 NMR test on the slice of the plug to generate in-situ T2 measurements and corresponding measures of a volume of fluid expelled from the plug; (5) determining an in-situ fracture pore volume for the fracture based on the in-situ T2 measurements; and (6) comparing the volume of water to a difference between the initial and the in-situ fracture pore volumes to confirm the accuracy of the in-situ pore volume. | 1. A method of slice selective nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing of a fractured core plug, the method comprising:
obtaining a fractured core plug comprising a fracture; saturating the fractured core plug with a saturating fluid to introduce the saturating fluid into the fracture; sealing the fractured core plug to inhibit the saturating fluid from leaking out of the fracture; identifying a location of the fracture within the core plug, the location including a position and orientation of the fracture; identifying a slice of the core plug corresponding to the location of the fracture; conducting initial local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
subjecting the core plug to baseline conditions, the baseline conditions comprising a first stress level;
conducting an initial NMR scan of the core plug to acquire initial T2 NMR measurements, the initial NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the baseline conditions; and
determining, based on the initial T2 NMR measurements, an initial fracture pore volume of the fracture;
conducting in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
determining in-situ conditions of the core plug, the in-situ conditions comprising an in-situ stress level for the core plug;
subjecting the core plug to in-situ conditions comprising a second stress level that is greater than the first stress level and that corresponds to the in-situ stress level;
conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug to acquire in-situ T2 NMR measurements, the in-situ NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the in-situ conditions;
measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug in response to subjecting the core plug to the in-situ condition;
determining, based on the in-situ T2 NMR measurements, an in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
determining a difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
comparing the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled; and
verifying, based on the comparison of the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled, the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the location of the fracture within the core plug comprises imaging the core plug to identify the location of the fracture within the core plug. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the imaging comprises x-ray imaging or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the core plug. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein sealing the fractured core plug comprises coating the fractured core plug with wax or paraffin. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug is conducted using a tri-axial NMR test fixture comprising a first gradient coil oriented in an x direction, a second gradient coil oriented in a y direction, and a third gradient coil oriented in a z direction, wherein the orientation of the fracture is oriented at an angle relative to two or more of the x, y and z directions, and wherein the NMR scans of the slice of the core plug each comprise selectively energizing two or more of the first, second and third gradient coils to obtain corresponding ones of the in-situ T2 measurements for the slice. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise a confining stress or shear stress that is greater than a confining stress or shear stress of the first stress level. 7. The method claim 1, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise an elevated in-situ stress level, and wherein the in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprises iteratively increasing a stress level applied to the core plug to reach the elevated in-situ stress level, and, for each iteration of an increase of the stress level applied to the core plug, conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug and measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the core plug is extracted from a formation of a reservoir and the method further comprises developing the reservoir based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein developing the reservoir comprises:
determining, based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture, operating parameters for a well in the formation; and operating the well in accordance with the operating parameters. 10. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising program instructions for slice selective nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing of a fractured core plug, the program instructions executable by a computer processor to cause the following operations:
identifying a location of a fracture within a core plug, the location including a position and orientation of the fracture, the core plug being saturated with a saturating fluid to introduce the saturating fluid into the fracture and being sealed to inhibit the saturating fluid from leaking out of the fracture; identifying a slice of the core plug corresponding to the location of the fracture; conducting initial local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
subjecting the core plug to baseline conditions, the baseline conditions comprising a first stress level;
conducting an initial NMR scan of the core plug to acquire initial T2 NMR measurements, the initial NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the baseline conditions; and
determining, based on the initial T2 NMR measurements, an initial fracture pore volume of the fracture;
conducting in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
determining in-situ conditions of the core plug, the in-situ conditions comprising an in-situ stress level for the core plug;
subjecting the core plug to in-situ conditions comprising a second stress level that is greater than the first stress level and that corresponds to the in-situ stress level;
conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug to acquire in-situ T2 NMR measurements, the in-situ NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the in-situ conditions;
measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug in response to subjecting the core plug to the in-situ condition;
determining, based on the in-situ T2 NMR measurements, an in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
determining a difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
comparing the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled; and
verifying, based on the comparison of the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled, the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 11. The medium of claim 10, wherein identifying the location of the fracture within the core plug comprises imaging the core plug to identify the location of the fracture within the core plug. 12. The medium of claim 11, wherein the imaging comprises x-ray imaging or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the core plug. 13. The medium of claim 10, wherein the exterior of the fractured core plug is coated with wax or paraffin configured to provide for the core plug being sealed to inhibit the saturating fluid from leaking out of the fracture. 14. The medium of claim 10, wherein the in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug is conducted using a tri-axial NMR test fixture comprising a first gradient coil oriented in an x direction, a second gradient coil oriented in a y direction, and a third gradient coil oriented in a z direction, wherein the orientation of the fracture is oriented at an angle relative to two or more of the x, y and z directions, and wherein the NMR scans of the slice of the core plug each comprise selectively energizing two or more of the first gradient coil, the second gradient coil and third gradient coils to obtain corresponding ones of the in-situ T2 measurements for the slice. 15. The medium of claim 10, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise a confining stress or shear stress that is greater than a confining stress or shear stress of the first stress level. 16. The medium of claim 10, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise an elevated in-situ stress level, and wherein the in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprises iteratively increasing a stress level applied to the core plug to reach the elevated in-situ stress level, and, for each iteration of an increase of the stress level applied to the core plug, conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug and measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug. 17. The medium of claim 10, wherein the core plug is extracted from a formation of a reservoir and the reservoir is developed based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 18. The medium of claim 17, wherein developing the reservoir comprises:
determining, based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture, operating parameters for a well in the formation; and operating the well in accordance with the operating parameters. 19. A system for slice selective nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing of a fractured core plug, comprising:
a slice selective NMR test fixture configured to subject a fractured core plug to slice selective NMR scans; and non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising program instructions executable by a computer processor to cause the following operations:
identifying a location of a fracture within a core plug, the location including a position and orientation of the fracture, the core plug being saturated with a saturating fluid to introduce the saturating fluid into the fracture and being sealed to inhibit the saturating fluid from leaking out of the fracture;
identifying a slice of the core plug corresponding to the location of the fracture;
conducting initial local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
subjecting the core plug to baseline conditions, the baseline conditions comprising a first stress level;
conducting an initial NMR scan of the core plug to acquire initial T2 NMR measurements, the initial NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the baseline conditions; and
determining, based on the initial T2 NMR measurements, an initial fracture pore volume of the fracture;
conducting in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
determining in-situ conditions of the core plug, the in-situ conditions comprising an in-situ stress level for the core plug;
subjecting the core plug to in-situ conditions comprising a second stress level that is greater than the first stress level and that corresponds to the in-situ stress level;
conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug to acquire in-situ T2 NMR measurements, the in-situ NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the in-situ conditions;
measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug in response to subjecting the core plug to the in-situ condition;
determining, based on the in-situ T2 NMR measurements, an in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
determining a difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
comparing the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled; and
verifying, based on the comparison of the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled, the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein identifying the location of the fracture within the core plug comprises imaging the core plug to identify the location of the fracture within the core plug. 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the imaging comprises x-ray imaging or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the core plug. 22. The system of claim 19, wherein the exterior of the fractured core plug is coated with wax or paraffin configured to provide for the core plug being sealed to inhibit the saturating fluid from leaking out of the fracture. 23. The system of claim 19, wherein the slice selective NMR test fixture comprises a tri-axial NMR test fixture comprising a first gradient coil oriented in an x direction, a second gradient coil oriented in a y direction, and a third gradient coil oriented in a z direction, wherein the orientation of the fracture is oriented at an angle relative to two or more of the x, y and z directions, and wherein the NMR scans of the slice of the core plug each comprise selectively energizing two or more of the first gradient coil, the second gradient coil and the third gradient coils to obtain corresponding ones of the in-situ T2 measurements for the slice. 24. The system of claim 19, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise a confining stress or shear stress that is greater than a confining stress or shear stress of the first stress level. 25. The system of claim 19, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise an elevated in-situ stress level, and wherein the in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprises iteratively increasing a stress level applied to the core plug to reach the elevated in-situ stress level, and, for each iteration of an increase of the stress level applied to the core plug, conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug and measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug. 26. The system of claim 19, wherein the core plug is extracted from a formation of a reservoir and the reservoir is developed based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein developing the reservoir comprises:
determining, based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture, operating parameters for a well in the formation; and operating the well in accordance with the operating parameters. | Provided is a local slice selective T2 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) test procedure that includes: (1) identifying a location of a fracture within a core plug; (2) conducting an initial local slice selective T2 NMR test on a slice of the plug that corresponds to the location to generate initial T2 measurements; (3) determining an initial fracture pore volume of the fracture based on the initial T2 measurements; (4) conducting an in-situ local slice selective T2 NMR test on the slice of the plug to generate in-situ T2 measurements and corresponding measures of a volume of fluid expelled from the plug; (5) determining an in-situ fracture pore volume for the fracture based on the in-situ T2 measurements; and (6) comparing the volume of water to a difference between the initial and the in-situ fracture pore volumes to confirm the accuracy of the in-situ pore volume.1. A method of slice selective nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing of a fractured core plug, the method comprising:
obtaining a fractured core plug comprising a fracture; saturating the fractured core plug with a saturating fluid to introduce the saturating fluid into the fracture; sealing the fractured core plug to inhibit the saturating fluid from leaking out of the fracture; identifying a location of the fracture within the core plug, the location including a position and orientation of the fracture; identifying a slice of the core plug corresponding to the location of the fracture; conducting initial local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
subjecting the core plug to baseline conditions, the baseline conditions comprising a first stress level;
conducting an initial NMR scan of the core plug to acquire initial T2 NMR measurements, the initial NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the baseline conditions; and
determining, based on the initial T2 NMR measurements, an initial fracture pore volume of the fracture;
conducting in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
determining in-situ conditions of the core plug, the in-situ conditions comprising an in-situ stress level for the core plug;
subjecting the core plug to in-situ conditions comprising a second stress level that is greater than the first stress level and that corresponds to the in-situ stress level;
conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug to acquire in-situ T2 NMR measurements, the in-situ NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the in-situ conditions;
measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug in response to subjecting the core plug to the in-situ condition;
determining, based on the in-situ T2 NMR measurements, an in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
determining a difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
comparing the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled; and
verifying, based on the comparison of the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled, the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the location of the fracture within the core plug comprises imaging the core plug to identify the location of the fracture within the core plug. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the imaging comprises x-ray imaging or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the core plug. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein sealing the fractured core plug comprises coating the fractured core plug with wax or paraffin. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug is conducted using a tri-axial NMR test fixture comprising a first gradient coil oriented in an x direction, a second gradient coil oriented in a y direction, and a third gradient coil oriented in a z direction, wherein the orientation of the fracture is oriented at an angle relative to two or more of the x, y and z directions, and wherein the NMR scans of the slice of the core plug each comprise selectively energizing two or more of the first, second and third gradient coils to obtain corresponding ones of the in-situ T2 measurements for the slice. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise a confining stress or shear stress that is greater than a confining stress or shear stress of the first stress level. 7. The method claim 1, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise an elevated in-situ stress level, and wherein the in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprises iteratively increasing a stress level applied to the core plug to reach the elevated in-situ stress level, and, for each iteration of an increase of the stress level applied to the core plug, conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug and measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the core plug is extracted from a formation of a reservoir and the method further comprises developing the reservoir based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein developing the reservoir comprises:
determining, based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture, operating parameters for a well in the formation; and operating the well in accordance with the operating parameters. 10. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising program instructions for slice selective nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing of a fractured core plug, the program instructions executable by a computer processor to cause the following operations:
identifying a location of a fracture within a core plug, the location including a position and orientation of the fracture, the core plug being saturated with a saturating fluid to introduce the saturating fluid into the fracture and being sealed to inhibit the saturating fluid from leaking out of the fracture; identifying a slice of the core plug corresponding to the location of the fracture; conducting initial local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
subjecting the core plug to baseline conditions, the baseline conditions comprising a first stress level;
conducting an initial NMR scan of the core plug to acquire initial T2 NMR measurements, the initial NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the baseline conditions; and
determining, based on the initial T2 NMR measurements, an initial fracture pore volume of the fracture;
conducting in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
determining in-situ conditions of the core plug, the in-situ conditions comprising an in-situ stress level for the core plug;
subjecting the core plug to in-situ conditions comprising a second stress level that is greater than the first stress level and that corresponds to the in-situ stress level;
conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug to acquire in-situ T2 NMR measurements, the in-situ NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the in-situ conditions;
measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug in response to subjecting the core plug to the in-situ condition;
determining, based on the in-situ T2 NMR measurements, an in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
determining a difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
comparing the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled; and
verifying, based on the comparison of the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled, the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 11. The medium of claim 10, wherein identifying the location of the fracture within the core plug comprises imaging the core plug to identify the location of the fracture within the core plug. 12. The medium of claim 11, wherein the imaging comprises x-ray imaging or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the core plug. 13. The medium of claim 10, wherein the exterior of the fractured core plug is coated with wax or paraffin configured to provide for the core plug being sealed to inhibit the saturating fluid from leaking out of the fracture. 14. The medium of claim 10, wherein the in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug is conducted using a tri-axial NMR test fixture comprising a first gradient coil oriented in an x direction, a second gradient coil oriented in a y direction, and a third gradient coil oriented in a z direction, wherein the orientation of the fracture is oriented at an angle relative to two or more of the x, y and z directions, and wherein the NMR scans of the slice of the core plug each comprise selectively energizing two or more of the first gradient coil, the second gradient coil and third gradient coils to obtain corresponding ones of the in-situ T2 measurements for the slice. 15. The medium of claim 10, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise a confining stress or shear stress that is greater than a confining stress or shear stress of the first stress level. 16. The medium of claim 10, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise an elevated in-situ stress level, and wherein the in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprises iteratively increasing a stress level applied to the core plug to reach the elevated in-situ stress level, and, for each iteration of an increase of the stress level applied to the core plug, conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug and measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug. 17. The medium of claim 10, wherein the core plug is extracted from a formation of a reservoir and the reservoir is developed based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 18. The medium of claim 17, wherein developing the reservoir comprises:
determining, based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture, operating parameters for a well in the formation; and operating the well in accordance with the operating parameters. 19. A system for slice selective nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing of a fractured core plug, comprising:
a slice selective NMR test fixture configured to subject a fractured core plug to slice selective NMR scans; and non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising program instructions executable by a computer processor to cause the following operations:
identifying a location of a fracture within a core plug, the location including a position and orientation of the fracture, the core plug being saturated with a saturating fluid to introduce the saturating fluid into the fracture and being sealed to inhibit the saturating fluid from leaking out of the fracture;
identifying a slice of the core plug corresponding to the location of the fracture;
conducting initial local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
subjecting the core plug to baseline conditions, the baseline conditions comprising a first stress level;
conducting an initial NMR scan of the core plug to acquire initial T2 NMR measurements, the initial NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the baseline conditions; and
determining, based on the initial T2 NMR measurements, an initial fracture pore volume of the fracture;
conducting in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprising:
determining in-situ conditions of the core plug, the in-situ conditions comprising an in-situ stress level for the core plug;
subjecting the core plug to in-situ conditions comprising a second stress level that is greater than the first stress level and that corresponds to the in-situ stress level;
conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug to acquire in-situ T2 NMR measurements, the in-situ NMR scan of the core plug comprising an NMR scan of the slice of the core plug corresponding to the fracture while the core plug is subjected to the in-situ conditions;
measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug in response to subjecting the core plug to the in-situ condition;
determining, based on the in-situ T2 NMR measurements, an in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
determining a difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture;
comparing the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled; and
verifying, based on the comparison of the difference between the initial fracture pore volume of the fracture and the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture to the volume of water expelled, the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein identifying the location of the fracture within the core plug comprises imaging the core plug to identify the location of the fracture within the core plug. 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the imaging comprises x-ray imaging or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the core plug. 22. The system of claim 19, wherein the exterior of the fractured core plug is coated with wax or paraffin configured to provide for the core plug being sealed to inhibit the saturating fluid from leaking out of the fracture. 23. The system of claim 19, wherein the slice selective NMR test fixture comprises a tri-axial NMR test fixture comprising a first gradient coil oriented in an x direction, a second gradient coil oriented in a y direction, and a third gradient coil oriented in a z direction, wherein the orientation of the fracture is oriented at an angle relative to two or more of the x, y and z directions, and wherein the NMR scans of the slice of the core plug each comprise selectively energizing two or more of the first gradient coil, the second gradient coil and the third gradient coils to obtain corresponding ones of the in-situ T2 measurements for the slice. 24. The system of claim 19, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise a confining stress or shear stress that is greater than a confining stress or shear stress of the first stress level. 25. The system of claim 19, wherein the in-situ conditions comprise an elevated in-situ stress level, and wherein the in-situ local slice selective NMR testing of the core plug comprises iteratively increasing a stress level applied to the core plug to reach the elevated in-situ stress level, and, for each iteration of an increase of the stress level applied to the core plug, conducting an in-situ NMR scan of the core plug and measuring a volume of water expelled from the core plug. 26. The system of claim 19, wherein the core plug is extracted from a formation of a reservoir and the reservoir is developed based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein developing the reservoir comprises:
determining, based on the in-situ fracture pore volume of the fracture, operating parameters for a well in the formation; and operating the well in accordance with the operating parameters. | 3,700 |
341,176 | 16,801,500 | 3,785 | Techniques for routing data packets through service chains within and between public cloud networks of multi-cloud fabrics. A router in a network, e.g., a public cloud network, receives data packets from nodes in the network through segments of the network. Based at least in part on (i) a source address of the data packet, (ii) a destination address of the data packet, and (iii) an identity of the segments of the network from which the data packets are received, the router determines a next node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded. The router may then forward the data packet through another segment of the network to the next node and then receive the data packet from the next node through the another segment. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, at a router in a network and through a first segment of the network, a data packet from a first node in the network; based at least in part on (i) a source address of the data packet, (ii) a destination address of the data packet, and (iii) an identity of the first segment of the network, determining, by the router, a second node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded; based at least in part on the determining, forwarding, by the router through a second segment of the network, the data packet to the second node; receiving, at the router through the second segment, the data packet from the second node; based at least in part on (i) the source address of the data packet, (ii) the destination address of the data packet, and (iii) an identity of the second segment of the network, determining, by the router, a third node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded; and based at least in part on the determining, forwarding, by the router through a third segment of the network, the data packet to the third node. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second node comprises multiple instances of a service and the method further comprises determining which instance of the multiple instances to which the data packet is to be forwarded. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining which instance of the multiple instances to which the data packet is to be forwarded is based on balancing loads of the multiple instances. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein determining which instance of the multiple instances to which the data packet is to be forwarded is based on is based on a first instance of the service failing and determining which instance of the multiple instances to which the data packet is to be forwarded comprises determining to forward the data packet to a second instance of the service based on the first instance of the service failing. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second node comprises a service and the method further comprises:
determining that a first instance of the service has exceeded a load threshold; and generating a second instance of the service at the second node. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the second node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded comprises determining the second node in the network using a route map. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the network comprises multiple sub-networks, the router is a first router and part of a first sub-network, and the method further comprises:
receiving, at the first router through the second segment, the data packet from the second node; based at least in part on (i) the source address of the data packet, (ii) the destination address of the data packet, and (iii) the identity of the second segment of the network, determining, by the first router, a third node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded, the third node comprising a service; receiving, by the first router from one or more routers in one or more sub-networks of the multiple sub-networks, an any IP address for other nodes in the one or more sub-networks that comprise the service; selecting, by the router, a fourth node in a second sub-network of the one or more sub-networks, the fourth node comprising the service; forwarding, by the first router to a second router in the second sub-network, the data packet through a third segment of the network; forwarding, by the second router through a fourth segment of the second sub-network, the data packet to the fourth node; receiving, at the second router from the fourth node through the fourth segment, the data packet; determining, by the second router, a next destination to which the data packet is to be forwarded; and forwarding, by the second router, the data packet to the next destination. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein determining, by the second router, a next destination to which the data packet is to be forwarded comprises determining the next destination is the first router. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein determining, by the second router, a next destination to which the data packet is to be forwarded comprises determining the next destination is a fifth node in the second sub-network. 10. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform actions comprising:
receiving, at a router in a network and through a first segment of the network, a data packet from a first node in the network;
based at least in part on (i) a source address of the data packet, (ii) a destination address of the data packet, and (iii) an identity of the first segment of the network, determining, by the router, a second node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded;
based at least in part on the determining, forwarding, by the router through a second segment of the network, the data packet to the second node;
receiving, at the router through the second segment, the data packet from the second node;
based at least in part on (i) the source address of the data packet, (ii) the destination address of the data packet, and (iii) an identity of the second segment of the network, determining, by the router, a third node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded; and
based at least in part on the determining, forwarding, by the router through a third segment of the network, the data packet to the third node. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the second node comprises multiple instances of a service and the actions further comprise determining which instance of the multiple instances to which the data packet is to be forwarded. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein determining which instance of the multiple instances to which the data packet is to be forwarded is based on balancing loads of the multiple instances. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein determining which instance of the multiple instances to which the data packet is to be forwarded is based on is based on a first instance of the service failing and determining which instance of the multiple instances to which the data packet is to be forwarded comprises determining to forward the data packet to a second instance of the service based on the first instance of the service failing. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the second node comprises a service and the actions further comprise:
determining that a first instance of the service has exceeded a load threshold; and generating a second instance of the service at the second node. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein determining the second node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded comprises determining the second node in the network using a route map. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the network comprises multiple sub-networks, the router is a first router and part of a first sub-network, and the actions further comprise:
receiving, at the first router through the second segment, the data packet from the second node; based at least in part on (i) the source address of the data packet, (ii) the destination address of the data packet, and (iii) the identity of the second segment of the network, determining, by the first router, a third node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded, the third node comprising a service; receiving, by the first router from one or more routers in one or more sub-networks of the multiple sub-networks, an any IP address for other nodes in the one or more sub-networks that comprise the service; selecting, by the router, a fourth node in a second sub-network of the one or more sub-networks, the fourth node comprising the service; forwarding, by the first router to a second router in the second sub-network, the data packet through a third segment of the network; forwarding, by the second router through a fourth segment in the second sub-network, the data packet to the fourth node; receiving, at the second router from the fourth node through the fourth segment, the data packet; determining, by the second router, a next destination to which the data packet is to be forwarded; and forwarding, by the second router, the data packet to the next destination. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein determining, by the second router, a next destination to which the data packet is to be forwarded comprises determining the next destination is the first router. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein determining, by the second router, a next destination to which the data packet is to be forwarded comprises determining the next destination is a fifth node in the second sub-network. 19. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform actions comprising:
receiving, at a router in a network through a first segment of the network, a data packet from a first node in the network; based at least in part on (i) a source address of the data packet, (ii) a destination address of the data packet, and (iii) an identity of the first segment of the network, determining, by the router, a second node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded; based at least in part on the determining, forwarding, by the router through a second segment of the network, the data packet to the second node; receiving, at the router through the second segment, the data packet from the second node; based at least in part on (i) the source address of the data packet, (ii) the destination address of the data packet, and (iii) an identity of the second segment of the network, determining, by the router, a third node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded; and based at least in part on the determining, forwarding, by the router through a third segment of the network, the data packet to the third node. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 19, wherein the network comprises multiple sub-networks, the router is a first router and part of a first sub-network, and the actions further comprise:
receiving, at the first router through the second segment, the data packet from the second node; based at least in part on (i) the source address of the data packet, (ii) the destination address of the data packet, and (iii) the identity of the second segment of the network, determining, by the first router, a third node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded, the third node comprising a service; receiving, by the first router from one or more routers of one or more sub-networks of the multiple sub-networks, an any IP address for other nodes in the one or more sub-networks that comprise the service; selecting, by the router, a fourth node in a second sub-network of the one or more sub-networks, the fourth node comprising the service; forwarding, by the first router to a second router in the second sub-network, the data packet through a third segment of the network; forwarding, by the second router through a fourth segment of the second sub-network to the fourth node; receiving, at the second router from the fourth node through the fourth segment, the data packet; determining, by the second router, a next destination to which the data packet is to be forwarded; and forwarding, by the second router, the data packet to the next destination. | Techniques for routing data packets through service chains within and between public cloud networks of multi-cloud fabrics. A router in a network, e.g., a public cloud network, receives data packets from nodes in the network through segments of the network. Based at least in part on (i) a source address of the data packet, (ii) a destination address of the data packet, and (iii) an identity of the segments of the network from which the data packets are received, the router determines a next node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded. The router may then forward the data packet through another segment of the network to the next node and then receive the data packet from the next node through the another segment.1. A method comprising:
receiving, at a router in a network and through a first segment of the network, a data packet from a first node in the network; based at least in part on (i) a source address of the data packet, (ii) a destination address of the data packet, and (iii) an identity of the first segment of the network, determining, by the router, a second node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded; based at least in part on the determining, forwarding, by the router through a second segment of the network, the data packet to the second node; receiving, at the router through the second segment, the data packet from the second node; based at least in part on (i) the source address of the data packet, (ii) the destination address of the data packet, and (iii) an identity of the second segment of the network, determining, by the router, a third node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded; and based at least in part on the determining, forwarding, by the router through a third segment of the network, the data packet to the third node. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the second node comprises multiple instances of a service and the method further comprises determining which instance of the multiple instances to which the data packet is to be forwarded. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining which instance of the multiple instances to which the data packet is to be forwarded is based on balancing loads of the multiple instances. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein determining which instance of the multiple instances to which the data packet is to be forwarded is based on is based on a first instance of the service failing and determining which instance of the multiple instances to which the data packet is to be forwarded comprises determining to forward the data packet to a second instance of the service based on the first instance of the service failing. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second node comprises a service and the method further comprises:
determining that a first instance of the service has exceeded a load threshold; and generating a second instance of the service at the second node. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the second node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded comprises determining the second node in the network using a route map. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the network comprises multiple sub-networks, the router is a first router and part of a first sub-network, and the method further comprises:
receiving, at the first router through the second segment, the data packet from the second node; based at least in part on (i) the source address of the data packet, (ii) the destination address of the data packet, and (iii) the identity of the second segment of the network, determining, by the first router, a third node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded, the third node comprising a service; receiving, by the first router from one or more routers in one or more sub-networks of the multiple sub-networks, an any IP address for other nodes in the one or more sub-networks that comprise the service; selecting, by the router, a fourth node in a second sub-network of the one or more sub-networks, the fourth node comprising the service; forwarding, by the first router to a second router in the second sub-network, the data packet through a third segment of the network; forwarding, by the second router through a fourth segment of the second sub-network, the data packet to the fourth node; receiving, at the second router from the fourth node through the fourth segment, the data packet; determining, by the second router, a next destination to which the data packet is to be forwarded; and forwarding, by the second router, the data packet to the next destination. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein determining, by the second router, a next destination to which the data packet is to be forwarded comprises determining the next destination is the first router. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein determining, by the second router, a next destination to which the data packet is to be forwarded comprises determining the next destination is a fifth node in the second sub-network. 10. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform actions comprising:
receiving, at a router in a network and through a first segment of the network, a data packet from a first node in the network;
based at least in part on (i) a source address of the data packet, (ii) a destination address of the data packet, and (iii) an identity of the first segment of the network, determining, by the router, a second node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded;
based at least in part on the determining, forwarding, by the router through a second segment of the network, the data packet to the second node;
receiving, at the router through the second segment, the data packet from the second node;
based at least in part on (i) the source address of the data packet, (ii) the destination address of the data packet, and (iii) an identity of the second segment of the network, determining, by the router, a third node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded; and
based at least in part on the determining, forwarding, by the router through a third segment of the network, the data packet to the third node. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the second node comprises multiple instances of a service and the actions further comprise determining which instance of the multiple instances to which the data packet is to be forwarded. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein determining which instance of the multiple instances to which the data packet is to be forwarded is based on balancing loads of the multiple instances. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein determining which instance of the multiple instances to which the data packet is to be forwarded is based on is based on a first instance of the service failing and determining which instance of the multiple instances to which the data packet is to be forwarded comprises determining to forward the data packet to a second instance of the service based on the first instance of the service failing. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the second node comprises a service and the actions further comprise:
determining that a first instance of the service has exceeded a load threshold; and generating a second instance of the service at the second node. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein determining the second node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded comprises determining the second node in the network using a route map. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the network comprises multiple sub-networks, the router is a first router and part of a first sub-network, and the actions further comprise:
receiving, at the first router through the second segment, the data packet from the second node; based at least in part on (i) the source address of the data packet, (ii) the destination address of the data packet, and (iii) the identity of the second segment of the network, determining, by the first router, a third node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded, the third node comprising a service; receiving, by the first router from one or more routers in one or more sub-networks of the multiple sub-networks, an any IP address for other nodes in the one or more sub-networks that comprise the service; selecting, by the router, a fourth node in a second sub-network of the one or more sub-networks, the fourth node comprising the service; forwarding, by the first router to a second router in the second sub-network, the data packet through a third segment of the network; forwarding, by the second router through a fourth segment in the second sub-network, the data packet to the fourth node; receiving, at the second router from the fourth node through the fourth segment, the data packet; determining, by the second router, a next destination to which the data packet is to be forwarded; and forwarding, by the second router, the data packet to the next destination. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein determining, by the second router, a next destination to which the data packet is to be forwarded comprises determining the next destination is the first router. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein determining, by the second router, a next destination to which the data packet is to be forwarded comprises determining the next destination is a fifth node in the second sub-network. 19. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform actions comprising:
receiving, at a router in a network through a first segment of the network, a data packet from a first node in the network; based at least in part on (i) a source address of the data packet, (ii) a destination address of the data packet, and (iii) an identity of the first segment of the network, determining, by the router, a second node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded; based at least in part on the determining, forwarding, by the router through a second segment of the network, the data packet to the second node; receiving, at the router through the second segment, the data packet from the second node; based at least in part on (i) the source address of the data packet, (ii) the destination address of the data packet, and (iii) an identity of the second segment of the network, determining, by the router, a third node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded; and based at least in part on the determining, forwarding, by the router through a third segment of the network, the data packet to the third node. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 19, wherein the network comprises multiple sub-networks, the router is a first router and part of a first sub-network, and the actions further comprise:
receiving, at the first router through the second segment, the data packet from the second node; based at least in part on (i) the source address of the data packet, (ii) the destination address of the data packet, and (iii) the identity of the second segment of the network, determining, by the first router, a third node in the network to which the data packet is to be forwarded, the third node comprising a service; receiving, by the first router from one or more routers of one or more sub-networks of the multiple sub-networks, an any IP address for other nodes in the one or more sub-networks that comprise the service; selecting, by the router, a fourth node in a second sub-network of the one or more sub-networks, the fourth node comprising the service; forwarding, by the first router to a second router in the second sub-network, the data packet through a third segment of the network; forwarding, by the second router through a fourth segment of the second sub-network to the fourth node; receiving, at the second router from the fourth node through the fourth segment, the data packet; determining, by the second router, a next destination to which the data packet is to be forwarded; and forwarding, by the second router, the data packet to the next destination. | 3,700 |
341,177 | 16,801,501 | 3,785 | A cell analyzer and a sorting method for the cell analyzer are disclosed. Multiple optical signals generated by each of particles irradiated with light in a blood sample in a detection region are collected. The particles includes a first category of particles and a second category of particles. For each of the particles, Intensities of a first group of optical signals, which includes at least two optical signals selected from the multiple optical signals, and a pulse width of a second group of optical signals, which includes at least one optical signal selected from the multiple optical signals are acquired. For each of the particles, one or more reinforcement signals related to the particle are calculated based on an intensity of a first optical signal selected from the first group of optical signals and a pulse width of a second optical signal selected from the second group of optical signals, where the first optical signal is as same as or different from the second optical signal. The first category of particles and the second category of particles are distinguished from each other based at least partially on the one or more reinforcement signals related to each of the particles. | 1. A cell analyzer, comprising:
a reaction chamber, that provides a location for reaction between a blood sample and a reagent to get a sample liquid; a flow chamber having a detection region, through which the sample liquid pass in sequence with shrouding by a sheath liquid; a conveying apparatus having a conveying line and a control valve, wherein the sample liquid is conveyed into the flow chamber through the conveying line; an optical detection apparatus having a plurality of optical signal detectors, operable to collect multiple optical signals generated by each of particles irradiated with light in a blood sample in a detection region, the particles comprising a first category of particles and a second category of particles; and a data processing apparatus, configured to: 2. The cell analyzer of claim 1, wherein the data processing apparatus is configured to:
generate a first scatter diagram for the particles, based on the one or more reinforcement signals and an intensity of at least one optical signal, other than the first optical signal associated with any of the one or more reinforcement signals, selected from the first group of optical signals; and distinguish between the first category of particles and the second category of particles based on the first scatter diagram. 3. The cell analyzer of claim 1, wherein the plurality of optical signal detectors comprise at least two scattered light detectors selected from a forward-scattered light detector for collecting a forward-scattered light signal, a side-scattered light detector for collecting a side-scattered light signal, and a medium-angle-scattered light detector for collecting a medium-angle-scattered light signal, and
wherein each of the first optical signal and the second optical signal is selected from the forward-scattered light signal, the side-scattered light signal, and the medium-angle-scattered light signal independently. 4. The cell analyzer of claim 3, wherein at least one of the first optical signal or the second optical signal is the forward-scattered light signal. 5. The cell analyzer of claim 3, wherein the data processing apparatus is configured to calculate the reinforcement signal based on an intensity of the forward-scattered light signal as the first optical signal and a pulse width of the forward-scattered light signal as the second optical signal. 6. The cell analyzer of claim 5, wherein the first category of particles are leucocyte particles, and the second category of particles are lipid granules or blood platelet (PLT) particles,
wherein the data processing apparatus is configured to distinguish between the first category of particles and the second category of particles based on the reinforcement signal related to each of the particles and the intensity of the side-scattered light signal of the respective particle. 7. The cell analyzer of claim 3, wherein the plurality of optical signal detectors comprise a front-scattered light detector for collecting a front-scattered light signal, and at least one of a side-scattered light detector for collecting a side -scattered light signal or a medium-scattered light detector for collecting a medium -scattered light signal, and
wherein the data processing apparatus is further configured to: distinguish leucocyte particles into lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophil granulocytes and eosinophil granulocytes based on the forward-scattered light signal and the side-scattered light signal of each of the particles; or distinguish leucocyte particles into lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophil granulocytes and eosinophil granulocytes based on the forward-scattered light signal and the medium-angle-scattered light signal of each of the particles. 8. The cell analyzer of claim 1, wherein the plurality of optical signal detectors comprise a fluorescence detector for collecting a fluorescence signal and at least one scattered light detector for collecting a respective scattered light signal, and
wherein the data processing apparatus is further configured to calculate the reinforcement signal based on the fluorescence signal and at least one of the scattered light signal. 9. The cell analyzer of claim 8, wherein the first category of particles are leucocyte particles, and the second category of particles are aggregated platelet (PLT) particles. 10. The cell analyzer of claim 8, wherein the at least one scattered signal comprises a forward-scattered light signal and a side-scattered light signal, and
wherein distinguishing between the first category of particles and the second category of particles comprises: generating a first scatter diagram at least based on the reinforcement signal and a third optical signal selected from the first group of optical signals; and distinguishing between the first category of particles and the second category of particles based on the first scatter diagram, wherein each of the first optical signal, the second optical signal, and the third optical signal is different from one another, or each of the first optical signal, the second optical signal, and the third optical signal is selected from the fluorescence signal and the forward-scattered light signal. 11. The cell analyzer of claim 1, wherein the plurality of optical signal detectors comprise a fluorescence detector for collecting a fluorescence signal, and a forward-scattered light detector for collecting a forward-scattered light signal; and
wherein the data processing apparatus is further configured to: generate a second scatter diagram based on the fluorescence signal and the forward-scattered light signal of each of the particles; and count nucleated red blood cells based on the second scatter diagram. 12. The cell analyzer of claim 1, wherein the plurality of optical signal detectors comprise a fluorescence detector for collecting a fluorescence signal, and a side-scattered light detector for collecting a side-scattered light signal; and
wherein the data processing apparatus is further configured to: distinguish leucocyte particles into lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophil granulocytes and eosinophil granulocytes, based on the fluorescence signal and the side-scattered light signal of each of the particles. 13. The cell analyzer of claim 1, after acquiring the intensities of the first group of optical signals, the data processing apparatus is further configured to generate a third scatter diagram based on the intensities of the first group of optical signals of each of the particles; and
wherein for each of the particles, data processing apparatus acquires the pulse width of the second group of optical signals when there is an overlap region of a cluster of the first category of particles and a cluster of the second category of particles in the third scatter diagram, to calculate the one or more reinforcement signals. 14. The cell analyzer of claim 1, wherein the reagent contains a hemolytic agent, and red blood cells are dissolved into blood ghost particles. 15. The cell analyzer of claim 1, wherein the reinforcement signal is a non-linear combination function of the intensity of the first optical signal and the pulse width of the second optical signal, or
the reinforcement signal is a monotonic function of the intensity of the first optical signal and the pulse width of the second optical signal. 16. The cell analyzer of claim 1, wherein
when Δs*Δw is greater than zero, the reinforcement signal is a monotonic increasing function or a monotonic decreasing function of the intensity of the first optical signal and the pulse width of the second optical signal; or when Δs*Δw is less than zero, the reinforcement signal is a monotonic increasing function of the intensity of the first optical signal and a monotonic decreasing function of the pulse width of the second optical signal, or the reinforcement signal is a monotonic decreasing function of the intensity of the first optical signal and a monotonic increasing function of the pulse width of the second optical signal, wherein Δs represents a difference between a statistical intensity of the first optical signals of the first category of particles and that of the first optical signals of the second category of particles, and Δw represents a difference between a statistical pulse width of the second optical signals of the first category of particles and that of the second optical signals of the second category of particles. 17. The cell analyzer of claim 1, further comprising:
a light source, operable to radiate the blood sample in the detection region with light; and a photoelectric sensor, operable to convert the collected optical signals to electric signals and output the electric signals to the data processing apparatus. 18. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, in which instructions are stored, wherein the instructions, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute a method, comprising:
collecting multiple optical signals generated by each of particles irradiated with light in a blood sample in a detection region, the particles comprising a first category of particles and a second category of particles; for each of the particles, acquiring intensities of a first group of optical signals, which comprise at least two optical signals selected from the multiple optical signals, and a pulse width of a second group of optical signals, which comprises at least one optical signal selected from the multiple optical signals; for each of the particles, calculating one or more reinforcement signals related to the particle, based on an intensity of a first optical signal selected from the first group of optical signals and a pulse width of a second optical signal selected from the second group of optical signals, wherein the first optical signal is as same as or different from the second optical signal; and distinguishing between the first category of particles and the second category of particles based at least partially on the one or more reinforcement signals related to each of the particles. | A cell analyzer and a sorting method for the cell analyzer are disclosed. Multiple optical signals generated by each of particles irradiated with light in a blood sample in a detection region are collected. The particles includes a first category of particles and a second category of particles. For each of the particles, Intensities of a first group of optical signals, which includes at least two optical signals selected from the multiple optical signals, and a pulse width of a second group of optical signals, which includes at least one optical signal selected from the multiple optical signals are acquired. For each of the particles, one or more reinforcement signals related to the particle are calculated based on an intensity of a first optical signal selected from the first group of optical signals and a pulse width of a second optical signal selected from the second group of optical signals, where the first optical signal is as same as or different from the second optical signal. The first category of particles and the second category of particles are distinguished from each other based at least partially on the one or more reinforcement signals related to each of the particles.1. A cell analyzer, comprising:
a reaction chamber, that provides a location for reaction between a blood sample and a reagent to get a sample liquid; a flow chamber having a detection region, through which the sample liquid pass in sequence with shrouding by a sheath liquid; a conveying apparatus having a conveying line and a control valve, wherein the sample liquid is conveyed into the flow chamber through the conveying line; an optical detection apparatus having a plurality of optical signal detectors, operable to collect multiple optical signals generated by each of particles irradiated with light in a blood sample in a detection region, the particles comprising a first category of particles and a second category of particles; and a data processing apparatus, configured to: 2. The cell analyzer of claim 1, wherein the data processing apparatus is configured to:
generate a first scatter diagram for the particles, based on the one or more reinforcement signals and an intensity of at least one optical signal, other than the first optical signal associated with any of the one or more reinforcement signals, selected from the first group of optical signals; and distinguish between the first category of particles and the second category of particles based on the first scatter diagram. 3. The cell analyzer of claim 1, wherein the plurality of optical signal detectors comprise at least two scattered light detectors selected from a forward-scattered light detector for collecting a forward-scattered light signal, a side-scattered light detector for collecting a side-scattered light signal, and a medium-angle-scattered light detector for collecting a medium-angle-scattered light signal, and
wherein each of the first optical signal and the second optical signal is selected from the forward-scattered light signal, the side-scattered light signal, and the medium-angle-scattered light signal independently. 4. The cell analyzer of claim 3, wherein at least one of the first optical signal or the second optical signal is the forward-scattered light signal. 5. The cell analyzer of claim 3, wherein the data processing apparatus is configured to calculate the reinforcement signal based on an intensity of the forward-scattered light signal as the first optical signal and a pulse width of the forward-scattered light signal as the second optical signal. 6. The cell analyzer of claim 5, wherein the first category of particles are leucocyte particles, and the second category of particles are lipid granules or blood platelet (PLT) particles,
wherein the data processing apparatus is configured to distinguish between the first category of particles and the second category of particles based on the reinforcement signal related to each of the particles and the intensity of the side-scattered light signal of the respective particle. 7. The cell analyzer of claim 3, wherein the plurality of optical signal detectors comprise a front-scattered light detector for collecting a front-scattered light signal, and at least one of a side-scattered light detector for collecting a side -scattered light signal or a medium-scattered light detector for collecting a medium -scattered light signal, and
wherein the data processing apparatus is further configured to: distinguish leucocyte particles into lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophil granulocytes and eosinophil granulocytes based on the forward-scattered light signal and the side-scattered light signal of each of the particles; or distinguish leucocyte particles into lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophil granulocytes and eosinophil granulocytes based on the forward-scattered light signal and the medium-angle-scattered light signal of each of the particles. 8. The cell analyzer of claim 1, wherein the plurality of optical signal detectors comprise a fluorescence detector for collecting a fluorescence signal and at least one scattered light detector for collecting a respective scattered light signal, and
wherein the data processing apparatus is further configured to calculate the reinforcement signal based on the fluorescence signal and at least one of the scattered light signal. 9. The cell analyzer of claim 8, wherein the first category of particles are leucocyte particles, and the second category of particles are aggregated platelet (PLT) particles. 10. The cell analyzer of claim 8, wherein the at least one scattered signal comprises a forward-scattered light signal and a side-scattered light signal, and
wherein distinguishing between the first category of particles and the second category of particles comprises: generating a first scatter diagram at least based on the reinforcement signal and a third optical signal selected from the first group of optical signals; and distinguishing between the first category of particles and the second category of particles based on the first scatter diagram, wherein each of the first optical signal, the second optical signal, and the third optical signal is different from one another, or each of the first optical signal, the second optical signal, and the third optical signal is selected from the fluorescence signal and the forward-scattered light signal. 11. The cell analyzer of claim 1, wherein the plurality of optical signal detectors comprise a fluorescence detector for collecting a fluorescence signal, and a forward-scattered light detector for collecting a forward-scattered light signal; and
wherein the data processing apparatus is further configured to: generate a second scatter diagram based on the fluorescence signal and the forward-scattered light signal of each of the particles; and count nucleated red blood cells based on the second scatter diagram. 12. The cell analyzer of claim 1, wherein the plurality of optical signal detectors comprise a fluorescence detector for collecting a fluorescence signal, and a side-scattered light detector for collecting a side-scattered light signal; and
wherein the data processing apparatus is further configured to: distinguish leucocyte particles into lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophil granulocytes and eosinophil granulocytes, based on the fluorescence signal and the side-scattered light signal of each of the particles. 13. The cell analyzer of claim 1, after acquiring the intensities of the first group of optical signals, the data processing apparatus is further configured to generate a third scatter diagram based on the intensities of the first group of optical signals of each of the particles; and
wherein for each of the particles, data processing apparatus acquires the pulse width of the second group of optical signals when there is an overlap region of a cluster of the first category of particles and a cluster of the second category of particles in the third scatter diagram, to calculate the one or more reinforcement signals. 14. The cell analyzer of claim 1, wherein the reagent contains a hemolytic agent, and red blood cells are dissolved into blood ghost particles. 15. The cell analyzer of claim 1, wherein the reinforcement signal is a non-linear combination function of the intensity of the first optical signal and the pulse width of the second optical signal, or
the reinforcement signal is a monotonic function of the intensity of the first optical signal and the pulse width of the second optical signal. 16. The cell analyzer of claim 1, wherein
when Δs*Δw is greater than zero, the reinforcement signal is a monotonic increasing function or a monotonic decreasing function of the intensity of the first optical signal and the pulse width of the second optical signal; or when Δs*Δw is less than zero, the reinforcement signal is a monotonic increasing function of the intensity of the first optical signal and a monotonic decreasing function of the pulse width of the second optical signal, or the reinforcement signal is a monotonic decreasing function of the intensity of the first optical signal and a monotonic increasing function of the pulse width of the second optical signal, wherein Δs represents a difference between a statistical intensity of the first optical signals of the first category of particles and that of the first optical signals of the second category of particles, and Δw represents a difference between a statistical pulse width of the second optical signals of the first category of particles and that of the second optical signals of the second category of particles. 17. The cell analyzer of claim 1, further comprising:
a light source, operable to radiate the blood sample in the detection region with light; and a photoelectric sensor, operable to convert the collected optical signals to electric signals and output the electric signals to the data processing apparatus. 18. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, in which instructions are stored, wherein the instructions, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute a method, comprising:
collecting multiple optical signals generated by each of particles irradiated with light in a blood sample in a detection region, the particles comprising a first category of particles and a second category of particles; for each of the particles, acquiring intensities of a first group of optical signals, which comprise at least two optical signals selected from the multiple optical signals, and a pulse width of a second group of optical signals, which comprises at least one optical signal selected from the multiple optical signals; for each of the particles, calculating one or more reinforcement signals related to the particle, based on an intensity of a first optical signal selected from the first group of optical signals and a pulse width of a second optical signal selected from the second group of optical signals, wherein the first optical signal is as same as or different from the second optical signal; and distinguishing between the first category of particles and the second category of particles based at least partially on the one or more reinforcement signals related to each of the particles. | 3,700 |
341,178 | 16,801,493 | 3,785 | A magnetic field sensor is provided, including a substrate, a first bridge circuit formed on the substrate, the first bridge circuit being arranged to generate a first signal indicative of a motion of a target, and a second bridge circuit formed on the substrate, the second bridge circuit being arranged to generate a second signal indicative of whether the magnetic field sensor is aligned with the target. | 1. A magnetic field sensor, comprising:
a substrate; a first bridge circuit formed on the substrate, the first bridge circuit being arranged to generate a first signal indicative of a motion of a target; and a second bridge circuit formed on the substrate, the second bridge circuit being arranged to generate a second signal indicative of whether the magnetic field sensor is aligned with the target. 2. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the second signal is further indicative of a presence of a stray magnetic field. 3. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the first bridge circuit includes a full bridge circuit, the second bridge circuit includes a full bridge circuit, and the second signal is further indicative of a presence of a stray magnetic field. 4. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the target includes a gear having an axis of rotation and a width parallel to the axis of rotation, and the second signal indicates whether the magnetic field sensor is offset, from a central axis of the gear, along a width of the gear. 5. The magnetic field sensor of claim 3, wherein any of the first bridge circuit and the second bridge circuit includes at least one of a Hall effect element, a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) element, a tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) element, an anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) element, or a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) element. 6. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein:
the substrate has a first axis that intersects a second axis, the first bridge circuit includes: (i) a first magnetic field sensing element that is coupled in series with a second magnetic field sensing element, and (ii) a third magnetic field sensing element that is coupled in series with a fourth magnetic field sensing element; the second bridge circuit includes: (i) a fifth magnetic field sensing element that is coupled in series with a sixth magnetic field sensing element, and (ii) a seventh magnetic field sensing element that is coupled in series with an eighth magnetic field sensing element, the first magnetic field sensing element and the second magnetic field sensing element are formed on opposite sides of the first axis and on the same side of the second axis, the third magnetic field sensing element and the fourth magnetic field sensing element are formed on opposite sides of the first axis and on the same side of the second axis, the fifth magnetic field sensing element and the sixth magnetic field sensing element are formed on opposite sides of the first axis and the second axis, and the seventh magnetic field sensing element and the eighth magnetic field sensing element are formed on opposite sides of the first axis and the second axis. 7. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein:
the substrate includes a first axis defining a first region and a second region of the substrate, wherein the first bridge circuit includes: (i) a first plurality of magnetic field sensing elements that are coupled in series, the first plurality of magnetic field sensing elements including a first magnetic field sensing element and a second magnetic field sensing element, the first magnetic field sensing element being formed in the first region of the substrate, and the second magnetic field sensing element being formed in the second region of the substrate, and (ii) a second plurality of magnetic field sensing elements that are coupled in series, the second plurality of magnetic field sensing elements including a third magnetic field sensing element and a fourth magnetic field sensing element, the third magnetic field sensing element being formed in the second region of the substrate, and the fourth magnetic field sensing element being formed in the first region of the substrate; the second bridge circuit includes: (i) a third plurality of magnetic field sensing elements that are coupled in series, the third plurality of magnetic field sensing elements including a fifth magnetic field sensing element formed in the first region of the substrate and a sixth magnetic field sensing element formed in the second region of the substrate; and (ii) a fourth plurality of magnetic field sensing elements that are coupled in series, the fourth plurality of magnetic field sensing elements including a seventh magnetic field sensing element formed in the first region of the substrate and an eighth magnetic field sensing element formed in the second region of the substrate. 8. The magnetic field sensor of claim 7, further comprising:
a first terminal for connecting the magnetic field sensor to a voltage source; and a second terminal for connecting the magnetic field sensor to ground, wherein, the second magnetic field sensing element is coupled to the first terminal via the first magnetic field sensing element, and the first magnetic field sensing element is coupled to the second terminal via the second magnetic field sensing element, wherein, the fourth magnetic field sensing element is coupled to the first terminal via the third magnetic field sensing element, and the third magnetic field sensing element is coupled to the second terminal via the fourth magnetic field sensing element, wherein, the sixth magnetic field sensing element is coupled to the first terminal via the fifth magnetic field sensing element, and the fifth magnetic field sensing element is coupled to the second terminal via the sixth magnetic field sensing element, and wherein, the seventh magnetic field sensing element is coupled to the second terminal via the eighth magnetic field sensing element, and the eighth magnetic field sensing element is coupled to the first terminal via the seventh magnetic field sensing element. 9. A magnetic field sensor comprising:
a substrate having a first axis defining a first region and a second region, the first region and the second region being on opposite sides of the first axis; a first plurality of magnetic field sensing elements formed on the substrate, the first plurality of magnetic field sensing elements including a first magnetic field sensing element that is coupled in series with a second magnetic field sensing element, the first magnetic field sensing element being formed in the first region of the substrate and the second magnetic field sensing element being formed in the second region of the substrate; and a second plurality of magnetic field sensing elements formed on the substrate, the second plurality of magnetic field sensing elements including a third magnetic field sensing element that is coupled in series with fourth magnetic field sensing element, the third magnetic field sensing element formed in the first region of the substrate and a fourth magnetic field sensing element formed in the first region of the substrate. 10. The magnetic field sensor of claim 9, wherein:
the substrate has a second axis that is orthogonal to the first axis; the first magnetic field sensing element and the second magnetic field sensing element are formed on a same side of the second axis; the third magnetic field sensing element and the fourth magnetic field sensing element are formed on opposite sides of the second axis. 11. The magnetic field sensor of claim 9, wherein the first plurality of magnetic field sensing elements are arranged to form a half-bridge circuit, the second plurality of magnetic field sensing elements are arranged to form a half-bridge circuit, and the second signal is further indicative of a presence of a stray magnetic field. 12. The magnetic field sensor of claim 9, wherein any of the first magnetic field sensing element, the second magnetic field sensing element, the third magnetic field sensing element, and the fourth magnetic field sensing element includes at least one of a Hall effect element, a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) element, a tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) element, an anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) element, or a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) element. 13. The magnetic field sensor of claim 9, further comprising:
a first terminal for connecting the magnetic field sensor to a voltage source; and a second terminal for connecting the magnetic field sensor to ground, wherein, the second magnetic field sensing element [B] is coupled to the first terminal [vcc] via the first magnetic field sensing element [A], and the first magnetic field sensing element [A] is coupled to the second terminal [gnd] via the second magnetic field sensing element [B], wherein, the fourth magnetic field sensing element [G] is coupled to the first terminal [VCC] via the third magnetic field sensing element [E], and the third magnetic field sensing element [E] is coupled to the second terminal [gnd] via the fourth magnetic field sensing element [E]. 14. The magnetic field sensor of claim 9, wherein:
the first plurality of magnetic field sensing elements is configured to generate a first signal indicating a speed of rotation of a target, and the second plurality of magnetic field sensing elements is configured to generate a second signal indicating whether the magnetic field sensor is aligned with the target. 15. The magnetic field sensor of claim 14, wherein the target includes a gear having an axis of rotation and a width parallel to the axis of rotation, the second signal indicates whether the magnetic field sensor is offset, from a central axis of the gear, along a width of the gear. 16. A magnetic field sensor comprising:
a substrate having a first axis and a second axis that intersects the first axis; a first plurality of magnetic field sensing elements formed on the substrate, the first plurality of magnetic field sensing elements including a first magnetic field sensing element that is coupled in series with a second magnetic field sensing element, the first magnetic field sensing element and the second magnetic field sensing element being formed on opposite sides of the first axis and the second axis; a second plurality of magnetic field sensing elements formed on the substrate, the second plurality of magnetic field sensing elements including a third magnetic field sensing element that is coupled in series with a fourth magnetic field sensing element, the third magnetic field sensing element and the fourth magnetic field sensing element being formed on opposite sides of the first axis and the second axis, the second plurality of magnetic field sensing elements being electrically coupled to the first plurality of magnetic field sensing elements to form a first bridge circuit. 17. The magnetic field sensor of claim 16, further comprising a processing circuitry configured to:
receive a first internal signal that is generated using the first bridge circuit; and generate a first output signal based on the first internal signal, the first output signal indicating whether the magnetic field sensor is aligned with a target. 18. The magnetic field sensor of claim 17, wherein the target includes a gear, and the second signal indicates whether the magnetic field sensor is offset, from a central axis of the gear, along a width of the gear. 19. The magnetic field sensor of claim 16, wherein any of the first magnetic field sensing element, the second magnetic field sensing element, the third magnetic field sensing element, and the fourth magnetic field sensing element includes one of a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) element or a tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) element. 20. The magnetic field sensor of claim 16, further comprising:
a third plurality of magnetic field sensing elements formed on the substrate, the third plurality of magnetic field sensing elements including a fifth magnetic field sensing element that is coupled in series with a sixth magnetic field sensing element, the fifth magnetic field sensing element and the sixth magnetic field sensing element being formed on the same side of the second axis and opposite sides of the first axis; and a fourth plurality of magnetic field sensing elements formed on the substrate, the fourth plurality of magnetic field sensing elements being electrically coupled to the third plurality of magnetic field sensing elements to form a second bridge circuit, the fourth plurality of magnetic field sensing elements including a seventh magnetic field sensing element that is coupled in series with an eighth magnetic field sensing element, the seventh magnetic field sensing element and the eighth magnetic field sensing element being formed on a same side of the second axis and on opposite sides of the first axis. 21. The magnetic field sensor of claim 20, further comprising a processing circuitry configured to:
receive first internal signal that is generated using the first bridge circuit; receive a second internal signal that is generated using the second bridge circuit; generate a first output signal based on the first internal signal, the first output signal indicating an offset of the magnetic field sensor relative to a target; and generate a second output signal based on the second internal signal, the second output signal indicating a speed of rotation of the target. 22. The magnetic field sensor of claim 16, further comprising a processing circuitry configured to:
receive a first internal signal that is generated using the first bridge circuit; and generate a first output signal based on the first internal signal, the first output signal indicating whether a stray magnetic field is incident on the magnetic field sensor. 23. A magnetic field sensor, comprising:
a substrate; a first bridge circuit formed on the substrate, the first bridge circuit being arranged to generate a first signal indicative of a motion of a target; and a means for generating a second signal indicative of whether the magnetic field sensor is aligned with the target. | A magnetic field sensor is provided, including a substrate, a first bridge circuit formed on the substrate, the first bridge circuit being arranged to generate a first signal indicative of a motion of a target, and a second bridge circuit formed on the substrate, the second bridge circuit being arranged to generate a second signal indicative of whether the magnetic field sensor is aligned with the target.1. A magnetic field sensor, comprising:
a substrate; a first bridge circuit formed on the substrate, the first bridge circuit being arranged to generate a first signal indicative of a motion of a target; and a second bridge circuit formed on the substrate, the second bridge circuit being arranged to generate a second signal indicative of whether the magnetic field sensor is aligned with the target. 2. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the second signal is further indicative of a presence of a stray magnetic field. 3. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the first bridge circuit includes a full bridge circuit, the second bridge circuit includes a full bridge circuit, and the second signal is further indicative of a presence of a stray magnetic field. 4. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the target includes a gear having an axis of rotation and a width parallel to the axis of rotation, and the second signal indicates whether the magnetic field sensor is offset, from a central axis of the gear, along a width of the gear. 5. The magnetic field sensor of claim 3, wherein any of the first bridge circuit and the second bridge circuit includes at least one of a Hall effect element, a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) element, a tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) element, an anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) element, or a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) element. 6. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein:
the substrate has a first axis that intersects a second axis, the first bridge circuit includes: (i) a first magnetic field sensing element that is coupled in series with a second magnetic field sensing element, and (ii) a third magnetic field sensing element that is coupled in series with a fourth magnetic field sensing element; the second bridge circuit includes: (i) a fifth magnetic field sensing element that is coupled in series with a sixth magnetic field sensing element, and (ii) a seventh magnetic field sensing element that is coupled in series with an eighth magnetic field sensing element, the first magnetic field sensing element and the second magnetic field sensing element are formed on opposite sides of the first axis and on the same side of the second axis, the third magnetic field sensing element and the fourth magnetic field sensing element are formed on opposite sides of the first axis and on the same side of the second axis, the fifth magnetic field sensing element and the sixth magnetic field sensing element are formed on opposite sides of the first axis and the second axis, and the seventh magnetic field sensing element and the eighth magnetic field sensing element are formed on opposite sides of the first axis and the second axis. 7. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein:
the substrate includes a first axis defining a first region and a second region of the substrate, wherein the first bridge circuit includes: (i) a first plurality of magnetic field sensing elements that are coupled in series, the first plurality of magnetic field sensing elements including a first magnetic field sensing element and a second magnetic field sensing element, the first magnetic field sensing element being formed in the first region of the substrate, and the second magnetic field sensing element being formed in the second region of the substrate, and (ii) a second plurality of magnetic field sensing elements that are coupled in series, the second plurality of magnetic field sensing elements including a third magnetic field sensing element and a fourth magnetic field sensing element, the third magnetic field sensing element being formed in the second region of the substrate, and the fourth magnetic field sensing element being formed in the first region of the substrate; the second bridge circuit includes: (i) a third plurality of magnetic field sensing elements that are coupled in series, the third plurality of magnetic field sensing elements including a fifth magnetic field sensing element formed in the first region of the substrate and a sixth magnetic field sensing element formed in the second region of the substrate; and (ii) a fourth plurality of magnetic field sensing elements that are coupled in series, the fourth plurality of magnetic field sensing elements including a seventh magnetic field sensing element formed in the first region of the substrate and an eighth magnetic field sensing element formed in the second region of the substrate. 8. The magnetic field sensor of claim 7, further comprising:
a first terminal for connecting the magnetic field sensor to a voltage source; and a second terminal for connecting the magnetic field sensor to ground, wherein, the second magnetic field sensing element is coupled to the first terminal via the first magnetic field sensing element, and the first magnetic field sensing element is coupled to the second terminal via the second magnetic field sensing element, wherein, the fourth magnetic field sensing element is coupled to the first terminal via the third magnetic field sensing element, and the third magnetic field sensing element is coupled to the second terminal via the fourth magnetic field sensing element, wherein, the sixth magnetic field sensing element is coupled to the first terminal via the fifth magnetic field sensing element, and the fifth magnetic field sensing element is coupled to the second terminal via the sixth magnetic field sensing element, and wherein, the seventh magnetic field sensing element is coupled to the second terminal via the eighth magnetic field sensing element, and the eighth magnetic field sensing element is coupled to the first terminal via the seventh magnetic field sensing element. 9. A magnetic field sensor comprising:
a substrate having a first axis defining a first region and a second region, the first region and the second region being on opposite sides of the first axis; a first plurality of magnetic field sensing elements formed on the substrate, the first plurality of magnetic field sensing elements including a first magnetic field sensing element that is coupled in series with a second magnetic field sensing element, the first magnetic field sensing element being formed in the first region of the substrate and the second magnetic field sensing element being formed in the second region of the substrate; and a second plurality of magnetic field sensing elements formed on the substrate, the second plurality of magnetic field sensing elements including a third magnetic field sensing element that is coupled in series with fourth magnetic field sensing element, the third magnetic field sensing element formed in the first region of the substrate and a fourth magnetic field sensing element formed in the first region of the substrate. 10. The magnetic field sensor of claim 9, wherein:
the substrate has a second axis that is orthogonal to the first axis; the first magnetic field sensing element and the second magnetic field sensing element are formed on a same side of the second axis; the third magnetic field sensing element and the fourth magnetic field sensing element are formed on opposite sides of the second axis. 11. The magnetic field sensor of claim 9, wherein the first plurality of magnetic field sensing elements are arranged to form a half-bridge circuit, the second plurality of magnetic field sensing elements are arranged to form a half-bridge circuit, and the second signal is further indicative of a presence of a stray magnetic field. 12. The magnetic field sensor of claim 9, wherein any of the first magnetic field sensing element, the second magnetic field sensing element, the third magnetic field sensing element, and the fourth magnetic field sensing element includes at least one of a Hall effect element, a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) element, a tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) element, an anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) element, or a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) element. 13. The magnetic field sensor of claim 9, further comprising:
a first terminal for connecting the magnetic field sensor to a voltage source; and a second terminal for connecting the magnetic field sensor to ground, wherein, the second magnetic field sensing element [B] is coupled to the first terminal [vcc] via the first magnetic field sensing element [A], and the first magnetic field sensing element [A] is coupled to the second terminal [gnd] via the second magnetic field sensing element [B], wherein, the fourth magnetic field sensing element [G] is coupled to the first terminal [VCC] via the third magnetic field sensing element [E], and the third magnetic field sensing element [E] is coupled to the second terminal [gnd] via the fourth magnetic field sensing element [E]. 14. The magnetic field sensor of claim 9, wherein:
the first plurality of magnetic field sensing elements is configured to generate a first signal indicating a speed of rotation of a target, and the second plurality of magnetic field sensing elements is configured to generate a second signal indicating whether the magnetic field sensor is aligned with the target. 15. The magnetic field sensor of claim 14, wherein the target includes a gear having an axis of rotation and a width parallel to the axis of rotation, the second signal indicates whether the magnetic field sensor is offset, from a central axis of the gear, along a width of the gear. 16. A magnetic field sensor comprising:
a substrate having a first axis and a second axis that intersects the first axis; a first plurality of magnetic field sensing elements formed on the substrate, the first plurality of magnetic field sensing elements including a first magnetic field sensing element that is coupled in series with a second magnetic field sensing element, the first magnetic field sensing element and the second magnetic field sensing element being formed on opposite sides of the first axis and the second axis; a second plurality of magnetic field sensing elements formed on the substrate, the second plurality of magnetic field sensing elements including a third magnetic field sensing element that is coupled in series with a fourth magnetic field sensing element, the third magnetic field sensing element and the fourth magnetic field sensing element being formed on opposite sides of the first axis and the second axis, the second plurality of magnetic field sensing elements being electrically coupled to the first plurality of magnetic field sensing elements to form a first bridge circuit. 17. The magnetic field sensor of claim 16, further comprising a processing circuitry configured to:
receive a first internal signal that is generated using the first bridge circuit; and generate a first output signal based on the first internal signal, the first output signal indicating whether the magnetic field sensor is aligned with a target. 18. The magnetic field sensor of claim 17, wherein the target includes a gear, and the second signal indicates whether the magnetic field sensor is offset, from a central axis of the gear, along a width of the gear. 19. The magnetic field sensor of claim 16, wherein any of the first magnetic field sensing element, the second magnetic field sensing element, the third magnetic field sensing element, and the fourth magnetic field sensing element includes one of a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) element or a tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) element. 20. The magnetic field sensor of claim 16, further comprising:
a third plurality of magnetic field sensing elements formed on the substrate, the third plurality of magnetic field sensing elements including a fifth magnetic field sensing element that is coupled in series with a sixth magnetic field sensing element, the fifth magnetic field sensing element and the sixth magnetic field sensing element being formed on the same side of the second axis and opposite sides of the first axis; and a fourth plurality of magnetic field sensing elements formed on the substrate, the fourth plurality of magnetic field sensing elements being electrically coupled to the third plurality of magnetic field sensing elements to form a second bridge circuit, the fourth plurality of magnetic field sensing elements including a seventh magnetic field sensing element that is coupled in series with an eighth magnetic field sensing element, the seventh magnetic field sensing element and the eighth magnetic field sensing element being formed on a same side of the second axis and on opposite sides of the first axis. 21. The magnetic field sensor of claim 20, further comprising a processing circuitry configured to:
receive first internal signal that is generated using the first bridge circuit; receive a second internal signal that is generated using the second bridge circuit; generate a first output signal based on the first internal signal, the first output signal indicating an offset of the magnetic field sensor relative to a target; and generate a second output signal based on the second internal signal, the second output signal indicating a speed of rotation of the target. 22. The magnetic field sensor of claim 16, further comprising a processing circuitry configured to:
receive a first internal signal that is generated using the first bridge circuit; and generate a first output signal based on the first internal signal, the first output signal indicating whether a stray magnetic field is incident on the magnetic field sensor. 23. A magnetic field sensor, comprising:
a substrate; a first bridge circuit formed on the substrate, the first bridge circuit being arranged to generate a first signal indicative of a motion of a target; and a means for generating a second signal indicative of whether the magnetic field sensor is aligned with the target. | 3,700 |
341,179 | 16,801,411 | 3,785 | In some implementations, a user interface for an application is displayed using a web browser instance on a client device. An input is received to present data on the user interface in a particular view. In response to the input, a first web worker thread corresponding to the web browser instance obtains data from a server, and executes first library routines to store the data in local storage at the client device. A second web worker thread, which corresponds to the web browser instance and the user interface, accesses the data from the local storage by using one or more second library routines, and processes the data to convert to a presentation format corresponding to the particular view. The second web worker thread stores the processed data in the local storage by using one or more third library routines, and provides the processed data for display on the user interface. | 1. A method comprising:
displaying, using a web browser instance on a client device, a first user interface for an application; receiving an input to present data on the first user interface in a particular view; in response to the input, obtaining, using a first web worker thread corresponding to the web browser instance, data from a server that is communicably coupled to the client device; executing, using the first web worker thread, one or more first library routines to store the data in local storage at the client device; accessing, by a second web worker thread using one or more second library routines, the data from the local storage, wherein the second web worker thread corresponds to the web browser instance and the first user interface; processing, by the second web worker thread, the data to convert to a presentation format corresponding to the particular view; storing, by the second web worker thread using one or more third library routines, the processed data in the local storage; and providing, by the second web worker thread, the processed data for display on the first user interface. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying, using a second web browser instance on the client device, a second user interface for the application; receiving a second input to present data on the second user interface in a second view; in response to the second input, accessing, by a third web worker thread using the one or more second library routines, second data from the local storage, wherein the third web worker thread corresponds to the second web browser instance and the second user interface; processing, by the third web worker thread, the second data to convert to a second presentation format corresponding to the second view; providing, by the third web worker thread, the processed second data for display on the second user interface; and storing, by the third web worker thread using one or more third library routines, the processed second data in the local storage. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein receiving the second input to present data on the second user interface in the second view further comprises:
obtaining, in response to the second input and using the first web worker thread, the second data from the server; and executing, using the first web worker thread, the one or more first library routines to store the second data in the local storage at the client device. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein at least a portion of the second data is same as the data processed by the first web worker thread. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the web browser instance and the second web browser instance are instances of a same web browser executed on the client device. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein displaying the second user interface comprises:
displaying the second user interface concurrently with displaying the first user interface. 7. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
obtaining, using the first web worker thread, additional data from the server; executing, using the first web worker thread, the one or more first library routines to store the additional data in the local storage at the client device; and causing at least one of the second web worker thread or the third web worker thread to access the additional data from the local storage for processing. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein obtaining the additional data from the server comprises:
obtaining first additional data corresponding to the first user interface; and obtaining second additional data corresponding to the second user interface, wherein at least a portion of the second additional data is distinct from the first additional data. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the local storage includes an IndexedDB datastore, and wherein at least one of the first library routines, the second library routines, or the third library routines includes an IndexedDB Promised Library routine. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the data obtained from the server includes Real-time Rendering Engine (RTRE) data and the processed data includes crunched data, and wherein processing the data by the second web worker thread comprises:
aggregating, using the second web worker thread, the RTRE data accessed from the local storage to a crunched presentation format corresponding to the particular view. 11. One or more non-transitory media storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
displaying, using a web browser instance on a client device, a first user interface for an application; receiving an input to present data on the first user interface in a particular view; in response to the input, obtaining, using a first web worker thread corresponding to the web browser instance, data from a server that is communicably coupled to the client device; executing, using the first web worker thread, one or more first library routines to store the data in local storage at the client device; accessing, by a second web worker thread using one or more second library routines, the data from the local storage, wherein the second web worker thread corresponds to the web browser instance and the first user interface; processing, by the second web worker thread, the data to convert to a presentation format corresponding to the particular view; storing, by the second web worker thread using one or more third library routines, the processed data in the local storage; and providing, by the second web worker thread, the processed data for display on the first user interface. 12. The one or more non-transitory media of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise:
displaying, using a second web browser instance on the client device, a second user interface for the application; receiving a second input to present data on the second user interface in a second view; in response to the second input, accessing, by a third web worker thread using the one or more second library routines, second data from the local storage, wherein the third web worker thread corresponds to the second web browser instance and the second user interface; processing, by the third web worker thread, the second data to convert to a second presentation format corresponding to the second view; providing, by the third web worker thread, the processed second data for display on the second user interface; and storing, by the third web worker thread using one or more third library routines, the processed second data in the local storage. 13. The one or more non-transitory media of claim 12, wherein receiving the second input to present data on the second user interface in the second view further comprises:
obtaining, in response to the second input and using the first web worker thread, the second data from the server; and executing, using the first web worker thread, the one or more first library routines to store the second data in the local storage at the client device. 14. The one or more non-transitory media of claim 12, wherein the web browser instance and the second web browser instance are instances of a same web browser executed on the client device. 15. The one or more non-transitory media of claim 12, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining, using the first web worker thread, additional data from the server; executing, using the first web worker thread, the one or more first library routines to store the additional data in the local storage at the client device; and causing at least one of the second web worker thread or the third web worker thread to access the additional data from the local storage for processing. 16. The one or more non-transitory media of claim 11, wherein the local storage includes an IndexedDB datastore, and wherein at least one of the first library routines, the second library routines, or the third library routines includes an IndexedDB Promised Library routine. 17. The one or more non-transitory media of claim 11, wherein the data obtained from the server includes Real-time Rendering Engine (RTRE) data and the processed data includes crunched data, and wherein processing the data by the second web worker thread comprises:
aggregating, using the second web worker thread, the RTRE data accessed from the local storage to a crunched presentation format corresponding to the particular view. 18. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more non-transitory media storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
displaying, using a web browser instance on a client device, a first user interface for an application;
receiving an input to present data on the first user interface in a particular view;
in response to the input, obtaining, using a first web worker thread corresponding to the web browser instance, data from a server that is communicably coupled to the client device;
executing, using the first web worker thread, one or more first library routines to store the data in local storage at the client device;
accessing, by a second web worker thread using one or more second library routines, the data from the local storage, wherein the second web worker thread corresponds to the web browser instance and the first user interface;
processing, by the second web worker thread, the data to convert to a presentation format corresponding to the particular view;
storing, by the second web worker thread using one or more third library routines, the processed data in the local storage; and
providing, by the second web worker thread, the processed data for display on the first user interface. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise:
displaying, using a second web browser instance on the client device, a second user interface for the application; receiving a second input to present data on the second user interface in a second view; in response to the second input, accessing, by a third web worker thread using the one or more second library routines, second data from the local storage, wherein the third web worker thread corresponds to the second web browser instance and the second user interface; processing, by the third web worker thread, the second data to convert to a second presentation format corresponding to the second view; providing, by the third web worker thread, the processed second data for display on the second user interface; and storing, by the third web worker thread using one or more third library routines, the processed second data in the local storage. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the local storage includes an IndexedDB datastore, and wherein at least one of the first library routines, the second library routines, or the third library routines includes an IndexedDB Promised Library routine. | In some implementations, a user interface for an application is displayed using a web browser instance on a client device. An input is received to present data on the user interface in a particular view. In response to the input, a first web worker thread corresponding to the web browser instance obtains data from a server, and executes first library routines to store the data in local storage at the client device. A second web worker thread, which corresponds to the web browser instance and the user interface, accesses the data from the local storage by using one or more second library routines, and processes the data to convert to a presentation format corresponding to the particular view. The second web worker thread stores the processed data in the local storage by using one or more third library routines, and provides the processed data for display on the user interface.1. A method comprising:
displaying, using a web browser instance on a client device, a first user interface for an application; receiving an input to present data on the first user interface in a particular view; in response to the input, obtaining, using a first web worker thread corresponding to the web browser instance, data from a server that is communicably coupled to the client device; executing, using the first web worker thread, one or more first library routines to store the data in local storage at the client device; accessing, by a second web worker thread using one or more second library routines, the data from the local storage, wherein the second web worker thread corresponds to the web browser instance and the first user interface; processing, by the second web worker thread, the data to convert to a presentation format corresponding to the particular view; storing, by the second web worker thread using one or more third library routines, the processed data in the local storage; and providing, by the second web worker thread, the processed data for display on the first user interface. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
displaying, using a second web browser instance on the client device, a second user interface for the application; receiving a second input to present data on the second user interface in a second view; in response to the second input, accessing, by a third web worker thread using the one or more second library routines, second data from the local storage, wherein the third web worker thread corresponds to the second web browser instance and the second user interface; processing, by the third web worker thread, the second data to convert to a second presentation format corresponding to the second view; providing, by the third web worker thread, the processed second data for display on the second user interface; and storing, by the third web worker thread using one or more third library routines, the processed second data in the local storage. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein receiving the second input to present data on the second user interface in the second view further comprises:
obtaining, in response to the second input and using the first web worker thread, the second data from the server; and executing, using the first web worker thread, the one or more first library routines to store the second data in the local storage at the client device. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein at least a portion of the second data is same as the data processed by the first web worker thread. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the web browser instance and the second web browser instance are instances of a same web browser executed on the client device. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein displaying the second user interface comprises:
displaying the second user interface concurrently with displaying the first user interface. 7. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
obtaining, using the first web worker thread, additional data from the server; executing, using the first web worker thread, the one or more first library routines to store the additional data in the local storage at the client device; and causing at least one of the second web worker thread or the third web worker thread to access the additional data from the local storage for processing. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein obtaining the additional data from the server comprises:
obtaining first additional data corresponding to the first user interface; and obtaining second additional data corresponding to the second user interface, wherein at least a portion of the second additional data is distinct from the first additional data. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the local storage includes an IndexedDB datastore, and wherein at least one of the first library routines, the second library routines, or the third library routines includes an IndexedDB Promised Library routine. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the data obtained from the server includes Real-time Rendering Engine (RTRE) data and the processed data includes crunched data, and wherein processing the data by the second web worker thread comprises:
aggregating, using the second web worker thread, the RTRE data accessed from the local storage to a crunched presentation format corresponding to the particular view. 11. One or more non-transitory media storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
displaying, using a web browser instance on a client device, a first user interface for an application; receiving an input to present data on the first user interface in a particular view; in response to the input, obtaining, using a first web worker thread corresponding to the web browser instance, data from a server that is communicably coupled to the client device; executing, using the first web worker thread, one or more first library routines to store the data in local storage at the client device; accessing, by a second web worker thread using one or more second library routines, the data from the local storage, wherein the second web worker thread corresponds to the web browser instance and the first user interface; processing, by the second web worker thread, the data to convert to a presentation format corresponding to the particular view; storing, by the second web worker thread using one or more third library routines, the processed data in the local storage; and providing, by the second web worker thread, the processed data for display on the first user interface. 12. The one or more non-transitory media of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise:
displaying, using a second web browser instance on the client device, a second user interface for the application; receiving a second input to present data on the second user interface in a second view; in response to the second input, accessing, by a third web worker thread using the one or more second library routines, second data from the local storage, wherein the third web worker thread corresponds to the second web browser instance and the second user interface; processing, by the third web worker thread, the second data to convert to a second presentation format corresponding to the second view; providing, by the third web worker thread, the processed second data for display on the second user interface; and storing, by the third web worker thread using one or more third library routines, the processed second data in the local storage. 13. The one or more non-transitory media of claim 12, wherein receiving the second input to present data on the second user interface in the second view further comprises:
obtaining, in response to the second input and using the first web worker thread, the second data from the server; and executing, using the first web worker thread, the one or more first library routines to store the second data in the local storage at the client device. 14. The one or more non-transitory media of claim 12, wherein the web browser instance and the second web browser instance are instances of a same web browser executed on the client device. 15. The one or more non-transitory media of claim 12, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining, using the first web worker thread, additional data from the server; executing, using the first web worker thread, the one or more first library routines to store the additional data in the local storage at the client device; and causing at least one of the second web worker thread or the third web worker thread to access the additional data from the local storage for processing. 16. The one or more non-transitory media of claim 11, wherein the local storage includes an IndexedDB datastore, and wherein at least one of the first library routines, the second library routines, or the third library routines includes an IndexedDB Promised Library routine. 17. The one or more non-transitory media of claim 11, wherein the data obtained from the server includes Real-time Rendering Engine (RTRE) data and the processed data includes crunched data, and wherein processing the data by the second web worker thread comprises:
aggregating, using the second web worker thread, the RTRE data accessed from the local storage to a crunched presentation format corresponding to the particular view. 18. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more non-transitory media storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
displaying, using a web browser instance on a client device, a first user interface for an application;
receiving an input to present data on the first user interface in a particular view;
in response to the input, obtaining, using a first web worker thread corresponding to the web browser instance, data from a server that is communicably coupled to the client device;
executing, using the first web worker thread, one or more first library routines to store the data in local storage at the client device;
accessing, by a second web worker thread using one or more second library routines, the data from the local storage, wherein the second web worker thread corresponds to the web browser instance and the first user interface;
processing, by the second web worker thread, the data to convert to a presentation format corresponding to the particular view;
storing, by the second web worker thread using one or more third library routines, the processed data in the local storage; and
providing, by the second web worker thread, the processed data for display on the first user interface. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise:
displaying, using a second web browser instance on the client device, a second user interface for the application; receiving a second input to present data on the second user interface in a second view; in response to the second input, accessing, by a third web worker thread using the one or more second library routines, second data from the local storage, wherein the third web worker thread corresponds to the second web browser instance and the second user interface; processing, by the third web worker thread, the second data to convert to a second presentation format corresponding to the second view; providing, by the third web worker thread, the processed second data for display on the second user interface; and storing, by the third web worker thread using one or more third library routines, the processed second data in the local storage. 20. The system of claim 18, wherein the local storage includes an IndexedDB datastore, and wherein at least one of the first library routines, the second library routines, or the third library routines includes an IndexedDB Promised Library routine. | 3,700 |
341,180 | 16,801,499 | 3,785 | A User Equipment (UE) communicates with one or both of a first 3GPP core network and a second 3GPP core network over one or both of a 3GPP access and a non-3GPP access. The communication includes: receiving, from the first 3GPP core network, a reject message; and searching for another suitable cell or another suitable Access Point (AP), when the reject message is received over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access and the UE is registered with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access. | 1. A User Equipment (UE), comprising:
a wireless transceiver, configured to perform wireless transmission and reception to obtain one or both of a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access and a non-3GPP access; and a controller, configured to communicate with one or both of a first 3GPP core network and a second 3GPP core network over one or both of the 3GPP access and the non-3GPP access via the wireless transceiver, wherein the communication with one or both of the first 3GPP core network and the second 3GPP core network comprises:
receiving, from the first 3GPP core network, a reject message without integrity protection; and
searching for another suitable cell or another suitable Access Point (AP), when the reject message is received over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access and the UE is registered with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access. 2. The UE of claim 1, wherein the reject message is received from the first 3GPP core network over the non-3GPP access, and the UE is registered with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network over the 3GPP access, and the communication with one or both of the first 3GPP core network and the second 3GPP core network further comprises:
performing a registration attempt with the first 3GPP core network over the non-3GPP access, when another suitable AP for the non-3GPP access is searched. 3. The UE of claim 1, wherein the reject message comprises a reject cause indicative of illegal UE, illegal Mobile Equipment (ME), or 3GPP services not allowed, and the communication with one or both of the first 3GPP core network and the second 3GPP core network further comprises:
ignoring the reject message, when the reject message is received over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access and the UE is registered with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access. 4. The UE of claim 3, wherein the ignoring of the reject message comprises:
refraining from performing actions related to the reject cause. 5. The UE of claim 4, wherein the actions related to the reject cause comprise the following when the first 3GPP core network is a 5G Core network (SGCN):
setting a 5GS update status to “5U3 ROAMING NOT ALLOWED”; deleting a 5G Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity (GUTI), a last visited registered Tracking Area Identity (TAI), a TAI list, and a Key Set Identifier for Next Generation Radio Access Network (ngKSI); and incrementing a counter for “SIM/USIM considered invalid for GPRS services” events. 6. The UE of claim 4, wherein the actions related to reject cause comprise the following when the first 3GPP core network is an Evolved Packet Core (EPC):
setting an EPS update status to “EU3 ROAMING NOT ALLOWED”; deleting a Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity (GUTI), a last visited registered Tracking Area Identity (TAI), a TAI list, and a Key Set Identifier for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Access Network (eKSI); and incrementing a counter for “SIM/USIM considered invalid for GPRS services” events. 7. The UE of claim 1, wherein the communication with one or both of the first 3GPP core network and the second 3GPP core network further comprises:
camping on a cell or AP and sending a request message corresponding to the reject message on the cell or AP to the first 3GPP core network, prior to receiving the reject message; resending the request message on the cell or AP to the first 3GPP core network, when the searching for another suitable cell or suitable AP fails; and disabling an N1 mode or as S1 mode when the resent request message remains rejected. 8. The UE of claim 1, wherein the communication with one or both of the first 3GPP core network and the second 3GPP core network further comprises:
when the UE is registered with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access and the UE is in an IDLE mode, performing a registration update or a service request procedure with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network that the UE is registered with. 9. The UE of claim 1, wherein the reject message is a REGISTRATION REJECT message or a SERVICE REJECT message when the first 3GPP core network is a 5GCN. 10. The UE of claim 1, wherein the reject message is an ATTACH REJECT message, a TRACKING AREA UPDATE REJECT message, or a SERVICE REJECT message when the first 3GPP core network is an EPC. 11. A method for handling a non-integrity-protected reject message, executed by a UE communicatively connected to one or both of a first 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) core network and a second 3GPP core network over one or both of a 3GPP access and a non-3GPP access, the method comprising:
receiving, from the first 3GPP core network, a reject message without integrity protection; and searching for another suitable cell or another suitable Access Point (AP), when the reject message is received over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access and the UE is registered with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the reject message is received from the first 3GPP core network over the non-3GPP access, and the UE is registered with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network over the 3GPP access, and the method further comprises:
performing a registration attempt with the first 3GPP core network over the non-3GPP access, when another suitable AP for the non-3GPP access is searched. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the reject message comprises a reject cause indicative of illegal UE, illegal Mobile Equipment (ME), or 3GPP services not allowed, and the method further comprises:
ignoring the reject message, when the reject message is received over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access and the UE is registered with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the ignoring of the reject message comprises:
refraining from performing actions related to the reject cause. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the actions related to the reject cause comprise the following when the first 3GPP core network is a 5G Core network (SGCN):
setting a 5GS update status to “5U3 ROAMING NOT ALLOWED”; deleting a 5G Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity (GUTI), a last visited registered Tracking Area Identity (TAI), a TAI list, and a Key Set Identifier for Next Generation Radio Access Network (ngKSI); and incrementing a counter for “SIM/USIM considered invalid for GPRS services” events. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the actions related to the reject cause comprise the following when the first 3GPP core network is an Evolved Packet Core (EPC):
setting an EPS update status to “EU3 ROAMING NOT ALLOWED”; deleting a Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity (GUTI), a last visited registered Tracking Area Identity (TAI), a TAI list, and a Key Set Identifier for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Access Network (eKSI); and incrementing a counter for “SIM/USIM considered invalid for GPRS services” events. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
camping on a cell or and AP and sending a request message corresponding to the reject message on the cell or AP to the first 3GPP core network, prior to receiving the reject message; resending the request message on the cell or AP to the first 3GPP core network, when the searching for another suitable cell or suitable AP fails; and disabling an N1 mode or an S1 mode when the resent request message remains rejected. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
when the UE is registered with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access and the UE is in an IDLE mode, performing a registration update or a service request procedure with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network that the UE is registered with. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the reject message is a REGISTRATION REJECT message or a SERVICE REJECT message when the first 3GPP core network is a 5GCN. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the reject message is an ATTACH REJECT message, a TRACKING AREA UPDATE REJECT message, or a SERVICE REJECT message when the first 3GPP core network is an EPC. | A User Equipment (UE) communicates with one or both of a first 3GPP core network and a second 3GPP core network over one or both of a 3GPP access and a non-3GPP access. The communication includes: receiving, from the first 3GPP core network, a reject message; and searching for another suitable cell or another suitable Access Point (AP), when the reject message is received over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access and the UE is registered with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access.1. A User Equipment (UE), comprising:
a wireless transceiver, configured to perform wireless transmission and reception to obtain one or both of a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access and a non-3GPP access; and a controller, configured to communicate with one or both of a first 3GPP core network and a second 3GPP core network over one or both of the 3GPP access and the non-3GPP access via the wireless transceiver, wherein the communication with one or both of the first 3GPP core network and the second 3GPP core network comprises:
receiving, from the first 3GPP core network, a reject message without integrity protection; and
searching for another suitable cell or another suitable Access Point (AP), when the reject message is received over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access and the UE is registered with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access. 2. The UE of claim 1, wherein the reject message is received from the first 3GPP core network over the non-3GPP access, and the UE is registered with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network over the 3GPP access, and the communication with one or both of the first 3GPP core network and the second 3GPP core network further comprises:
performing a registration attempt with the first 3GPP core network over the non-3GPP access, when another suitable AP for the non-3GPP access is searched. 3. The UE of claim 1, wherein the reject message comprises a reject cause indicative of illegal UE, illegal Mobile Equipment (ME), or 3GPP services not allowed, and the communication with one or both of the first 3GPP core network and the second 3GPP core network further comprises:
ignoring the reject message, when the reject message is received over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access and the UE is registered with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access. 4. The UE of claim 3, wherein the ignoring of the reject message comprises:
refraining from performing actions related to the reject cause. 5. The UE of claim 4, wherein the actions related to the reject cause comprise the following when the first 3GPP core network is a 5G Core network (SGCN):
setting a 5GS update status to “5U3 ROAMING NOT ALLOWED”; deleting a 5G Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity (GUTI), a last visited registered Tracking Area Identity (TAI), a TAI list, and a Key Set Identifier for Next Generation Radio Access Network (ngKSI); and incrementing a counter for “SIM/USIM considered invalid for GPRS services” events. 6. The UE of claim 4, wherein the actions related to reject cause comprise the following when the first 3GPP core network is an Evolved Packet Core (EPC):
setting an EPS update status to “EU3 ROAMING NOT ALLOWED”; deleting a Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity (GUTI), a last visited registered Tracking Area Identity (TAI), a TAI list, and a Key Set Identifier for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Access Network (eKSI); and incrementing a counter for “SIM/USIM considered invalid for GPRS services” events. 7. The UE of claim 1, wherein the communication with one or both of the first 3GPP core network and the second 3GPP core network further comprises:
camping on a cell or AP and sending a request message corresponding to the reject message on the cell or AP to the first 3GPP core network, prior to receiving the reject message; resending the request message on the cell or AP to the first 3GPP core network, when the searching for another suitable cell or suitable AP fails; and disabling an N1 mode or as S1 mode when the resent request message remains rejected. 8. The UE of claim 1, wherein the communication with one or both of the first 3GPP core network and the second 3GPP core network further comprises:
when the UE is registered with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access and the UE is in an IDLE mode, performing a registration update or a service request procedure with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network that the UE is registered with. 9. The UE of claim 1, wherein the reject message is a REGISTRATION REJECT message or a SERVICE REJECT message when the first 3GPP core network is a 5GCN. 10. The UE of claim 1, wherein the reject message is an ATTACH REJECT message, a TRACKING AREA UPDATE REJECT message, or a SERVICE REJECT message when the first 3GPP core network is an EPC. 11. A method for handling a non-integrity-protected reject message, executed by a UE communicatively connected to one or both of a first 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) core network and a second 3GPP core network over one or both of a 3GPP access and a non-3GPP access, the method comprising:
receiving, from the first 3GPP core network, a reject message without integrity protection; and searching for another suitable cell or another suitable Access Point (AP), when the reject message is received over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access and the UE is registered with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the reject message is received from the first 3GPP core network over the non-3GPP access, and the UE is registered with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network over the 3GPP access, and the method further comprises:
performing a registration attempt with the first 3GPP core network over the non-3GPP access, when another suitable AP for the non-3GPP access is searched. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the reject message comprises a reject cause indicative of illegal UE, illegal Mobile Equipment (ME), or 3GPP services not allowed, and the method further comprises:
ignoring the reject message, when the reject message is received over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access and the UE is registered with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the ignoring of the reject message comprises:
refraining from performing actions related to the reject cause. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the actions related to the reject cause comprise the following when the first 3GPP core network is a 5G Core network (SGCN):
setting a 5GS update status to “5U3 ROAMING NOT ALLOWED”; deleting a 5G Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity (GUTI), a last visited registered Tracking Area Identity (TAI), a TAI list, and a Key Set Identifier for Next Generation Radio Access Network (ngKSI); and incrementing a counter for “SIM/USIM considered invalid for GPRS services” events. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the actions related to the reject cause comprise the following when the first 3GPP core network is an Evolved Packet Core (EPC):
setting an EPS update status to “EU3 ROAMING NOT ALLOWED”; deleting a Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity (GUTI), a last visited registered Tracking Area Identity (TAI), a TAI list, and a Key Set Identifier for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Access Network (eKSI); and incrementing a counter for “SIM/USIM considered invalid for GPRS services” events. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
camping on a cell or and AP and sending a request message corresponding to the reject message on the cell or AP to the first 3GPP core network, prior to receiving the reject message; resending the request message on the cell or AP to the first 3GPP core network, when the searching for another suitable cell or suitable AP fails; and disabling an N1 mode or an S1 mode when the resent request message remains rejected. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
when the UE is registered with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network over the 3GPP access or the non-3GPP access and the UE is in an IDLE mode, performing a registration update or a service request procedure with the first 3GPP core network or the second 3GPP core network that the UE is registered with. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the reject message is a REGISTRATION REJECT message or a SERVICE REJECT message when the first 3GPP core network is a 5GCN. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the reject message is an ATTACH REJECT message, a TRACKING AREA UPDATE REJECT message, or a SERVICE REJECT message when the first 3GPP core network is an EPC. | 3,700 |
341,181 | 16,801,502 | 3,785 | A control method of an optical transceiver has an interrupt processing step of interrupting repetitive processing step in response to a command from a host apparatus and executing an interrupt process for transmitting monitoring data, and a step of setting the processing mode of the interrupt process to a first processing mode when one cycle of the repetitive processing step is shorter than a specific value, and setting the processing mode to a second processing mode when one cycle of the repetitive processing step is longer than the specific value. The interrupt process stores first data in the transmission register and stopping stretching of a clock signal, and reading out second data to be transmitted next from the memory unit. Furthermore, the interrupt process stops stretching of the clock signal after storing the first data in the transmission register and reading out the second data from the memory unit. | 1. A control method of an optical transceiver configured to receive a clock signal from an apparatus and transmit monitoring data stored in a memory unit to the apparatus in synchronism with the clock signal, the control method comprising the steps of:
executing a plurality of internal processes repetitively in a specific order; transmitting, bit by bit, data stored in a transmission register to the apparatus in synchronism with the clock signal; interrupting the executing step in response to a command from the apparatus, and stretching the clock signal and executing an interrupt process before the transmitting step; and setting a processing mode of the interrupt process to a first mode when one cycle of the executing step is shorter than a specific time, and setting the processing mode to a second mode when one cycle of the executing step is longer than the specific time, wherein the interrupt process includes:
storing first data read out from the memory unit in the transmission register as monitoring data and stopping the stretching of the clock signal, and reading out second data from the memory unit as monitoring data to follow the first data, when the processing mode is set to the first mode; and
stopping the stretching of the clock signal after storing the first data in the transmission register and reading out the second data from the memory unit, when the processing mode is set to the second mode. 2. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of internal processes include:
controlling an operation of an optical transmission device configured to convert an electrical signal into an optical signal; controlling an operation of an optical receiving device configured to convert an optical signal into an electrical signal; and updating the monitoring data stored in the memory unit according to results obtained in the process of controlling the operation of the optical transmission device and the process of controlling the operation of the optical receiving device. 3. The control method according to claim 1, wherein:
the transmission of the monitoring data to the apparatus is performed according to an I2C communication standard; and a frequency of the clock signal is in a range of 400 kHz to 1 MHz. 4. The control method according to claim 2, wherein:
the transmission of the monitoring data to the apparatus is performed according to an I2C communication standard; and the frequency of the clock signal is in a range of 400 kHz to 1 MHz. 5. An optical transceiver configured to receive a clock signal from an apparatus and transmit monitoring data to the apparatus in synchronism with the clock signal, the optical transceiver comprising:
a processor configured to execute a plurality of internal processes repetitively in a specific order; a memory unit configured to store therein the monitoring data; a transmission register configured to store therein temporarily data read out from the memory unit and transmit the read-out data to the apparatus bit by bit in synchronism with the clock signal, wherein: the processor is configured to interrupt the plurality of internal processes in response to a command from the apparatus, and stretch the clock signal and execute an interrupt process before the bit-by-bit transmission of the data; the processor is configured to set a processing mode of the interrupt process to a first mode when one cycle of the plurality of internal processes is shorter than a specific time, and set the processing mode to a second mode when one cycle of the plurality of internal processes is longer than the specific time; the processor is configured to store first data read out from the memory unit in the transmission register as monitoring data and stop the stretching of the clock signal, and read out second data from the memory unit as monitoring data to follow the first data, when the processing mode is set to the first mode; and the processor is configured to stop the stretching of the clock signal after storing the first data in the transmission register and reading out the second data from the memory unit when the processing mode is set to the second mode. | A control method of an optical transceiver has an interrupt processing step of interrupting repetitive processing step in response to a command from a host apparatus and executing an interrupt process for transmitting monitoring data, and a step of setting the processing mode of the interrupt process to a first processing mode when one cycle of the repetitive processing step is shorter than a specific value, and setting the processing mode to a second processing mode when one cycle of the repetitive processing step is longer than the specific value. The interrupt process stores first data in the transmission register and stopping stretching of a clock signal, and reading out second data to be transmitted next from the memory unit. Furthermore, the interrupt process stops stretching of the clock signal after storing the first data in the transmission register and reading out the second data from the memory unit.1. A control method of an optical transceiver configured to receive a clock signal from an apparatus and transmit monitoring data stored in a memory unit to the apparatus in synchronism with the clock signal, the control method comprising the steps of:
executing a plurality of internal processes repetitively in a specific order; transmitting, bit by bit, data stored in a transmission register to the apparatus in synchronism with the clock signal; interrupting the executing step in response to a command from the apparatus, and stretching the clock signal and executing an interrupt process before the transmitting step; and setting a processing mode of the interrupt process to a first mode when one cycle of the executing step is shorter than a specific time, and setting the processing mode to a second mode when one cycle of the executing step is longer than the specific time, wherein the interrupt process includes:
storing first data read out from the memory unit in the transmission register as monitoring data and stopping the stretching of the clock signal, and reading out second data from the memory unit as monitoring data to follow the first data, when the processing mode is set to the first mode; and
stopping the stretching of the clock signal after storing the first data in the transmission register and reading out the second data from the memory unit, when the processing mode is set to the second mode. 2. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of internal processes include:
controlling an operation of an optical transmission device configured to convert an electrical signal into an optical signal; controlling an operation of an optical receiving device configured to convert an optical signal into an electrical signal; and updating the monitoring data stored in the memory unit according to results obtained in the process of controlling the operation of the optical transmission device and the process of controlling the operation of the optical receiving device. 3. The control method according to claim 1, wherein:
the transmission of the monitoring data to the apparatus is performed according to an I2C communication standard; and a frequency of the clock signal is in a range of 400 kHz to 1 MHz. 4. The control method according to claim 2, wherein:
the transmission of the monitoring data to the apparatus is performed according to an I2C communication standard; and the frequency of the clock signal is in a range of 400 kHz to 1 MHz. 5. An optical transceiver configured to receive a clock signal from an apparatus and transmit monitoring data to the apparatus in synchronism with the clock signal, the optical transceiver comprising:
a processor configured to execute a plurality of internal processes repetitively in a specific order; a memory unit configured to store therein the monitoring data; a transmission register configured to store therein temporarily data read out from the memory unit and transmit the read-out data to the apparatus bit by bit in synchronism with the clock signal, wherein: the processor is configured to interrupt the plurality of internal processes in response to a command from the apparatus, and stretch the clock signal and execute an interrupt process before the bit-by-bit transmission of the data; the processor is configured to set a processing mode of the interrupt process to a first mode when one cycle of the plurality of internal processes is shorter than a specific time, and set the processing mode to a second mode when one cycle of the plurality of internal processes is longer than the specific time; the processor is configured to store first data read out from the memory unit in the transmission register as monitoring data and stop the stretching of the clock signal, and read out second data from the memory unit as monitoring data to follow the first data, when the processing mode is set to the first mode; and the processor is configured to stop the stretching of the clock signal after storing the first data in the transmission register and reading out the second data from the memory unit when the processing mode is set to the second mode. | 3,700 |
341,182 | 16,801,497 | 2,879 | A spark plug that can suppress pre-ignition of a combustible air-fuel mixture that has flowed into the sub-chamber. The spark plug includes a ground electrode that joins to a metal shell and forms a spark gap; and a cap member that covers a center electrode and the ground electrode and forms a sub-chamber. A first fused portion that joins the metal shell and the cap member is located on the front-end side relative to the spark gap. At least a part of a first facing portion at which the metal shell and the cap member face each other is located on the sub-chamber side relative to the first fused portion. The first fused portion is not formed in an inner peripheral surface of the metal shell and an inner peripheral surface of the cap member. | 1. A spark plug comprising:
a tubular metal shell that extends from a front-end side toward a rear-end side along an axial line; a center electrode that is insulated and held on an inner peripheral side of the metal shell; a ground electrode that has one end portion joined to the metal shell and the other end portion forming a spark gap between the other end portion and a front end portion of the center electrode; and a cap member that is joined to a front end portion of the metal shell, that covers the front end portion of the center electrode and the other end portion of the ground electrode and forms a sub-chamber, and in which a through hole that connects the sub-chamber and a combustion chamber is formed, wherein a first fused portion that joins the metal shell and the cap member is located on the front-end side relative to the spark gap, wherein the spark plug includes a first facing portion at which the metal shell and the cap member face each other, wherein at least a part of the first facing portion is located on the sub-chamber side relative to the first fused portion, and wherein the first fused portion is not formed in an inner peripheral surface of the metal shell and an inner peripheral surface of the cap member. 2. The spark plug according to claim 1, wherein the first facing portion is bent. 3. The spark plug according to claim 2,
wherein the inner peripheral surface of the cap member conforms to the inner peripheral surface of the metal shell, and wherein an end of the first facing portion inside in a radial direction is located on the rear-end side in an axial direction relative to an end of the first facing portion outside in the radial direction. 4. The spark plug according to claim 2,
wherein the first facing portion includes a first part that is located on an innermost side in the radial direction and a second part that is connected to an outside of the first part in the radial direction and at which the metal shell and the cap member face each other in a direction different from a direction in which the metal shell and the cap member face each other at the first part, and wherein, at the second part, the cap member is in contact with the metal shell along an entire periphery. 5. The spark plug according to claim 2, wherein the first fused portion is in contact with the second part. 6. The spark plug according to claim 1, wherein, in a cross section including the axial line, a shortest distance of the first fused portion from an outer peripheral surface of the first fused portion, the outer peripheral surface being exposed at an outer peripheral surface of the cap member, to the first facing portion is larger than or equal to a shortest distance of the first facing portion along the first facing portion. 7. A spark plug comprising:
a tubular metal shell that extends from a front-end side toward a rear-end side along an axial line; a center electrode that is insulated and held on an inner peripheral side of the metal shell; a ground electrode that has one end portion joined to the metal shell and the other end portion forming a spark gap between the other end portion and a front end portion of the center electrode; and a cap member that is joined to a front end portion of the metal shell, that covers the front end portion of the center electrode and the other end portion of the ground electrode and forms a sub-chamber, and in which a through hole that connects the sub-chamber and a combustion chamber is formed, wherein the ground electrode is joined to the metal shell via a second fused portion, wherein the spark plug includes a second facing portion at which the metal shell and the ground electrode face each other, wherein at least a part of the second facing portion is located on the sub-chamber side relative to the second fused portion, and wherein the second fused portion is not formed in an inner peripheral surface of the metal shell and a region of the ground electrode disposed in the sub-chamber. 8. The spark plug according to claim 7, wherein the second facing portion is bent. 9. The spark plug according to claim 8,
wherein the second facing portion includes a third part that is located on an innermost side in a radial direction and a fourth part that is connected to an outside of the third part in the radial direction and at which the metal shell and the ground electrode face each other in a direction different from a direction in which the metal shell and the ground electrode face each other at the third part, and wherein the second fused portion is in contact with the fourth part. | A spark plug that can suppress pre-ignition of a combustible air-fuel mixture that has flowed into the sub-chamber. The spark plug includes a ground electrode that joins to a metal shell and forms a spark gap; and a cap member that covers a center electrode and the ground electrode and forms a sub-chamber. A first fused portion that joins the metal shell and the cap member is located on the front-end side relative to the spark gap. At least a part of a first facing portion at which the metal shell and the cap member face each other is located on the sub-chamber side relative to the first fused portion. The first fused portion is not formed in an inner peripheral surface of the metal shell and an inner peripheral surface of the cap member.1. A spark plug comprising:
a tubular metal shell that extends from a front-end side toward a rear-end side along an axial line; a center electrode that is insulated and held on an inner peripheral side of the metal shell; a ground electrode that has one end portion joined to the metal shell and the other end portion forming a spark gap between the other end portion and a front end portion of the center electrode; and a cap member that is joined to a front end portion of the metal shell, that covers the front end portion of the center electrode and the other end portion of the ground electrode and forms a sub-chamber, and in which a through hole that connects the sub-chamber and a combustion chamber is formed, wherein a first fused portion that joins the metal shell and the cap member is located on the front-end side relative to the spark gap, wherein the spark plug includes a first facing portion at which the metal shell and the cap member face each other, wherein at least a part of the first facing portion is located on the sub-chamber side relative to the first fused portion, and wherein the first fused portion is not formed in an inner peripheral surface of the metal shell and an inner peripheral surface of the cap member. 2. The spark plug according to claim 1, wherein the first facing portion is bent. 3. The spark plug according to claim 2,
wherein the inner peripheral surface of the cap member conforms to the inner peripheral surface of the metal shell, and wherein an end of the first facing portion inside in a radial direction is located on the rear-end side in an axial direction relative to an end of the first facing portion outside in the radial direction. 4. The spark plug according to claim 2,
wherein the first facing portion includes a first part that is located on an innermost side in the radial direction and a second part that is connected to an outside of the first part in the radial direction and at which the metal shell and the cap member face each other in a direction different from a direction in which the metal shell and the cap member face each other at the first part, and wherein, at the second part, the cap member is in contact with the metal shell along an entire periphery. 5. The spark plug according to claim 2, wherein the first fused portion is in contact with the second part. 6. The spark plug according to claim 1, wherein, in a cross section including the axial line, a shortest distance of the first fused portion from an outer peripheral surface of the first fused portion, the outer peripheral surface being exposed at an outer peripheral surface of the cap member, to the first facing portion is larger than or equal to a shortest distance of the first facing portion along the first facing portion. 7. A spark plug comprising:
a tubular metal shell that extends from a front-end side toward a rear-end side along an axial line; a center electrode that is insulated and held on an inner peripheral side of the metal shell; a ground electrode that has one end portion joined to the metal shell and the other end portion forming a spark gap between the other end portion and a front end portion of the center electrode; and a cap member that is joined to a front end portion of the metal shell, that covers the front end portion of the center electrode and the other end portion of the ground electrode and forms a sub-chamber, and in which a through hole that connects the sub-chamber and a combustion chamber is formed, wherein the ground electrode is joined to the metal shell via a second fused portion, wherein the spark plug includes a second facing portion at which the metal shell and the ground electrode face each other, wherein at least a part of the second facing portion is located on the sub-chamber side relative to the second fused portion, and wherein the second fused portion is not formed in an inner peripheral surface of the metal shell and a region of the ground electrode disposed in the sub-chamber. 8. The spark plug according to claim 7, wherein the second facing portion is bent. 9. The spark plug according to claim 8,
wherein the second facing portion includes a third part that is located on an innermost side in a radial direction and a fourth part that is connected to an outside of the third part in the radial direction and at which the metal shell and the ground electrode face each other in a direction different from a direction in which the metal shell and the ground electrode face each other at the third part, and wherein the second fused portion is in contact with the fourth part. | 2,800 |
341,183 | 16,801,509 | 3,761 | A vaporization device allow users to consume removable cartridges filled with vaporizable material. The vaporizer devices defines a receptacle shaped to receive a cartridge in a snug and compact nesting arrangement. The vaporizer device ensures that the installed cartridges are secured and provide a sealed fluid path. The cartridges have wider fluid conduits facilitating user inhalation. The cartridges also facilitate dose control and a way of calibrating for providing an indication of a measured dose to an end user. | 1. A vaporizer device and system comprising:
a vaporizer body comprising: an elongated base extending from a first end to a second end, the elongated base including a pair of opposed sidewalls extending between the first end and the second end and a second end wall at the second end; a mouthpiece formed at the second end of the base, the mouthpiece comprising an inhalation aperture through the second end wall; an air intake manifold mounted to the base, the air intake manifold having a first manifold end and a second manifold end with a manifold fluid flow path defined therethrough, the air intake manifold comprising an ambient air input port disposed between the first manifold end and the second manifold end, the ambient air input port being exposed to an external environment; a fluid flow sensor assembly fluidly coupled between first manifold end and a second manifold with the manifold fluid flow path, the fluid flow sensor assembly for generating a fluid flow signal in dependence upon a flow of air through the manifold fluid flow exceeding a predetermined flow threshold; an elongated storage compartment, the storage compartment being configured to store a vaporizable material, the storage compartment comprising an inner storage volume wherein the vaporizable material is storable in the inner storage volume, the elongated storage compartment comprising a first end and a second end opposite the first end; a heating element assembly disposed at the elongated storage compartment first end, the heating assembly comprising a heating element, wherein the heating element is thermally coupled with the heating element assembly, and wherein heating element assembly is in fluid communication with the inner storage volume for wicking of the vaporizable material into the heating element assembly; and a fluid conduit extending parallel with the elongated storage compartment from the first end to the second end, the fluid conduit having a fluid conduit inlet proximate the elongated storage compartment first end and a fluid conduit outlet proximate the elongated storage compartment second end, wherein the fluid conduit is in fluid communication with the heating element assembly and the fluid conduit inlet is fluidly connected to the air intake manifold and the fluid conduit outlet is fluidly connected to the mouthpiece, and a fluid flow path is defined between the ambient air input port and the inhalation aperture, the fluid flow path passing proximate the heating element assembly; a control assembly substantially enclosed with the vaporizer body and electrically coupled with the fluid flow sensor assembly and the heating element, the control assembly for reading from a memory circuit which is for storing at least a pulse width modulation profile therein where upon the fluid flow signal being generated the at least a pulse width modulation profile stored within the memory circuit for controllably applying electrical power with respect to time to the heating element based upon the least a pulse width modulation profile, the heating element for heating of the heating element assembly and for creating an aerosol from the vaporizable material that is wicked into the heating element assembly and for the aerosol to flow into the fluid flow path and for the aerosol to mix together with the ambient air flow through the manifold fluid flow path for together to flow from the mouthpiece. 2. A vaporizer device according to claim 1 comprising:
providing a wicking time where upon the creating an aerosol from the vaporizable material that is wicked into the heating element assembly, a subsequent application of the stored at least a pulse width modulation profile to the heating element is ceased for a predetermine amount of time to facilitate re-wicking of the vaporizable material into the heating element assembly proximate the heating element. 3. A vaporizer device according to claim 1, wherein the pulse width modulation array comprises a plurality of pulse width modulation values stored in a pulse width modulation array, wherein generating a pulse width modulation value from within the array of pulse width modulations in a calibration phase comprises:
applying a predetermined electrical power over time to the heating element as a first pulse width value and obtaining a first calibration temperature signal through a non-contact pyrometric observation of heating element assembly; comparing the first calibration temperature signal to a predetermined temperature signal; amending the first pulse width applied to the heating element to minimize a difference between the first calibration temperature signal and the predetermined temperature signal to create an amended first pulse width value; storing of the first pulse width value within the pulse width modulation array as a first entry. 4. A vaporizer device according to claim 3 comprising
applying a predetermined electrical power over time to the heating element as a second pulse width value and obtaining a second calibration temperature signal through a non-contact pyrometric observation of heating element assembly;
comparing the second calibration temperature signal to the predetermined temperature signal;
amending the second pulse width applied to the heating element to minimize a difference between the second calibration temperature signal and the predetermined temperature signal to create an amended second pulse width value;
storing of the amended second pulse width value within the pulse width modulation array as a second entry. 5. A vaporizer device according to claim 1 comprising:
populating of the pulse width modulation array through a plurality of applications of predetermined electrical power over time to the heating element and obtaining a plurality of temperature signal through a non-contact pyrometric observation of heating element assembly to generate a plurality of amended pulse width values to minimize a plurality of temperature differences between a plurality of temperature signals and the predetermined temperature signal;
storing of the plurality of amended pulse width values as the at least a pulse width modulation profile within the memory circuit. 6. A vaporizer device according to claim 5 wherein the controllably applying electrical power with respect to time to the heating element based upon the least a pulse width modulation profile creates a substantially uniform temperature signal through the non-contact pyrometric observation of heating element assembly, wherein the substantially uniform temperature signal comprises a deviation from the predetermined temperature signal of about plus or minus 10 percent variation for less than 70% of time for which the pulse width modulation profile has been applied to the heating element. 7. A vaporizer device according to claim 1 comprising:
providing a wicking time where upon the creating an aerosol from the vaporizable material that is wicked into the heating element assembly, a subsequent application of the stored at least a pulse width modulation profile to the heating element is ceased for a predetermine amount of time to facilitate re-wicking of the vaporizable material into the heating element assembly proximate the heating element wherein the predetermine amount of time is at least thirty seconds. 8. A vaporizer device according to claim 1 wherein the heating element assembly comprises a 40-50% open porosity and a pore size ranging from 1 to 100 microns and where the heating element assembly comprises aluminum oxide. 9. A vaporizer device according to claim 1 wherein the heating element assembly comprises a porous ceramic substrate inlaid with a heating element comprising a resistive wire attached to electrical couplings, wherein electrical couplings are extending from the heating element past an outside surface of the heating element assembly are spaced radially and extend axially from the heating element assembly wherein the electrical couplings are approximately parallel with the fluid flow passage. 10. A vaporizer device according to claim 1 wherein the heating element assembly comprises a porous ceramic substrate inlaid with a heating element comprising a resistive wire, wherein electrical couplings extending from the heating element past an outside surface of the heating element assembly are spaced radially and extend axially from the heating element assembly wherein the electrical couplings are approximately perpendicular with the fluid flow passage. 11. A vaporizer device according to claim 1 wherein the heating element assembly comprises a 40-50% open porosity and comprising a tortuous pore structure with pore size ranging from 1 to 100 microns and where the heating element assembly comprises aluminum oxide and silicon carbide. 12. A vaporizer device according to claim 1 wherein the controllably applying electrical power with respect to time to the heating element based upon the least a pulse width modulation profile comprises: monitoring a flow of air through the manifold fluid flow exceeding the predetermined flow threshold and applying of the pulse width modulation profile to the heating element while the fluid flow is exceeding the predetermined flow threshold and ceasing to apply the pulse width modulation profile when the fluid flow is other than exceeding the predetermined flow threshold for a duration of the wicking time. 13. A vaporizer device according to claim 1 comprising a cartridge receptacle formed within the elongated base, wherein the cartridge receptacle is defined between the sidewalls, second end of the air intake manifold and a cartridge is removably mountable in the cartridge receptacle, the cartridge comprising:
a cartridge housing extending from a first cartridge end to a second cartridge end, wherein the elongated storage compartment is enclosed by the cartridge housing, wherein the heating assembly is disposed within the cartridge housing where the heating assembly disposed first end is proximate the cartridge housing first cartridge end wherein the memory circuit is disposed within the cartridge and the cartridge comprising a plurality of cartridge electrical contacts at the first cartridge, the plurality of electrical contacts being engageable with corresponding base electrical contacts provided on the vaporizer device wherein the control assembly is for reading from the memory circuit through the electrical engagement of the plurality of electrical contacts with corresponding base electrical contacts. 14. A vaporizer device according to claim 5 comprising:
weighing of the vaporizer device to obtain a pre-vaporization weight;
generating of dosing data for the least a pulse width modulation profile within the memory circuit through coupling of the vaporizer device mouthpiece with a vapor sampling system;
performing an inhalation using the vapor sampling system from the vaporizer device and triggering of the fluid flow sensor assembly to generate the fluid flow signal and for the at least a pulse width modulation profile to be applied to the heating element;
weighing of the vaporizer device to obtain a post vaporization weight;
subtracting of the pre-vaporization weight to the post vaporization weight to obtain a vapor weight; 15. A vaporizer device according to claim 14 comprising:
providing the stored vapor weight to a use rafter an inhalation by the user from the mouthpiece of the vaporize device. 16. A vaporizer device and system comprising:
a vaporizer body comprising: an elongated base extending from a first end to a second end, the elongated base including a pair of opposed sidewalls extending between the first end and the second end and a second end wall at the second end; a mouthpiece formed at the second end of the base, the mouthpiece comprising an inhalation aperture through the second end wall; an air intake manifold mounted to the base, the air intake manifold having a first manifold end and a second manifold end with a manifold fluid flow path defined therethrough, the air intake manifold comprising an ambient air input port disposed between the first manifold end and the second manifold end, the ambient air input port being exposed to an external environment; a fluid flow sensor assembly fluidly coupled between first manifold end and a second manifold with the manifold fluid flow path, the fluid flow sensor assembly for generating a fluid flow signal in dependence upon a flow of air through the manifold fluid flow exceeding a predetermined flow threshold; an elongated storage compartment, the storage compartment being configured to store a liquid vaporizable material, the storage compartment comprising an inner storage volume wherein the vaporizable material is storable in the inner storage volume, the elongated storage compartment comprising a first end and a second end opposite the first end; a heating assembly disposed at the elongated storage compartment first end, the heating assembly comprising a heating element thermally coupled with the heating element assembly comprising a porosity and wherein the heating element assembly is in fluid communication with the inner storage volume for wicking of the vaporizable material into the heating element assembly; and a fluid conduit extending parallel with the elongated storage compartment from the first end to the second end, the fluid conduit having a fluid conduit inlet proximate the elongated storage compartment first end and a fluid conduit outlet proximate the elongated storage compartment second end, wherein the fluid conduit is in fluid communication with the heating element assembly and the fluid conduit inlet is fluidly connected to the air intake manifold and the fluid conduit outlet is fluidly connected to the mouthpiece, and a fluid flow passage is defined between the ambient air input port and the inhalation aperture, the fluid flow passage passing proximate the heating element assembly; a control assembly coupled with an energy storage member having a charge and substantially enclosed with the vaporizer body and electrically coupled with the fluid flow sensor assembly and the heating element, the control assembly for reading from a memory circuit which is for storing at plurality a pulse width modulation profile therein where upon the fluid flow signal being generated, one of the pulse width modulation profile stored within the memory circuit being selected for controllably applying electrical power with respect to time to the heating element based upon the selected pulse width modulation profile, the heating element for heating of the heating element assembly and for creating an aerosol from the vaporizable material that is wicked into the heating element assembly and for the aerosol to flow into the fluid flow passage and for the aerosol to mix together with the ambient air flow through the manifold fluid flow path for together to flow from the mouthpiece; wherein selecting of the selected pulse width modulation profile stored within the memory circuit is dependent upon at least one of a viscosity of the liquid vaporizable material and the porosity of the heating element assembly and the charge of the energy storage member. 17. A vaporizer device according to claim 16 comprising user input interface wherein the user input interface comprises at least a button for selecting of the selected pulse width modulation profile. 18. A vaporization device and system comprising:
a cartridge usable with the vaporizer device having a control circuit, the cartridge comprising a mouthpiece and having an inhalation aperture; a cartridge housing extending from a first end of the cartridge to a second end of the cartridge; a storage compartment, the storage compartment being configured to store a vaporizable material, the storage compartment comprising an inner storage volume wherein the vaporizable material is storable in the inner storage volume, wherein the inner storage volume is enclosed by the cartridge housing; a heating element assembly disposed at the first end of the storage compartment, the heating assembly comprising a heating element, a wicking element, wherein the heating element is in thermal contact with the wicking element, wherein the storage interface member surrounds the wicking element, and the storage interface member includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced fluid apertures fluidly connecting the wicking element to the inner storage volume; and a fluid conduit extending through the housing from a conduit inlet at the first end to a conduit outlet at the second end, wherein the fluid conduit is fluidly connected to the wicking element, the fluid conduit passes through the heating element assembly, wherein the storage compartment, heating element assembly and fluid conduit are concentrically disposed, wherein the storage compartment surrounds the heating element assembly and the fluid conduit, wherein the fluid conduit extends along the entire length of the elongated storage compartment; a memory circuit for storing at least a pulse width modulation profile therein for being read by the control circuit for providing of the at least a pulse width modulation profile to the heating element for heating at least a portion of the vaporizable material wicked into the heating element assembly for generating an aerosol therefrom into the fluid conduit. 19. A vaporizer device according to claim 18 wherein the heating element assembly comprises a 40-50% open porosity and where the heating element assembly comprises aluminum oxide. 20. A vaporizer device according to claim 18 comprising a fluid flow sensor assembly fluidly coupled upstream of the heating assembly, the fluid flow sensor assembly for generating a fluid flow signal in dependence upon a flow of air through the fluid conduit exceeding a predetermined flow threshold for triggering of the at least a pulse width modulation profile being applied to the heating element. | A vaporization device allow users to consume removable cartridges filled with vaporizable material. The vaporizer devices defines a receptacle shaped to receive a cartridge in a snug and compact nesting arrangement. The vaporizer device ensures that the installed cartridges are secured and provide a sealed fluid path. The cartridges have wider fluid conduits facilitating user inhalation. The cartridges also facilitate dose control and a way of calibrating for providing an indication of a measured dose to an end user.1. A vaporizer device and system comprising:
a vaporizer body comprising: an elongated base extending from a first end to a second end, the elongated base including a pair of opposed sidewalls extending between the first end and the second end and a second end wall at the second end; a mouthpiece formed at the second end of the base, the mouthpiece comprising an inhalation aperture through the second end wall; an air intake manifold mounted to the base, the air intake manifold having a first manifold end and a second manifold end with a manifold fluid flow path defined therethrough, the air intake manifold comprising an ambient air input port disposed between the first manifold end and the second manifold end, the ambient air input port being exposed to an external environment; a fluid flow sensor assembly fluidly coupled between first manifold end and a second manifold with the manifold fluid flow path, the fluid flow sensor assembly for generating a fluid flow signal in dependence upon a flow of air through the manifold fluid flow exceeding a predetermined flow threshold; an elongated storage compartment, the storage compartment being configured to store a vaporizable material, the storage compartment comprising an inner storage volume wherein the vaporizable material is storable in the inner storage volume, the elongated storage compartment comprising a first end and a second end opposite the first end; a heating element assembly disposed at the elongated storage compartment first end, the heating assembly comprising a heating element, wherein the heating element is thermally coupled with the heating element assembly, and wherein heating element assembly is in fluid communication with the inner storage volume for wicking of the vaporizable material into the heating element assembly; and a fluid conduit extending parallel with the elongated storage compartment from the first end to the second end, the fluid conduit having a fluid conduit inlet proximate the elongated storage compartment first end and a fluid conduit outlet proximate the elongated storage compartment second end, wherein the fluid conduit is in fluid communication with the heating element assembly and the fluid conduit inlet is fluidly connected to the air intake manifold and the fluid conduit outlet is fluidly connected to the mouthpiece, and a fluid flow path is defined between the ambient air input port and the inhalation aperture, the fluid flow path passing proximate the heating element assembly; a control assembly substantially enclosed with the vaporizer body and electrically coupled with the fluid flow sensor assembly and the heating element, the control assembly for reading from a memory circuit which is for storing at least a pulse width modulation profile therein where upon the fluid flow signal being generated the at least a pulse width modulation profile stored within the memory circuit for controllably applying electrical power with respect to time to the heating element based upon the least a pulse width modulation profile, the heating element for heating of the heating element assembly and for creating an aerosol from the vaporizable material that is wicked into the heating element assembly and for the aerosol to flow into the fluid flow path and for the aerosol to mix together with the ambient air flow through the manifold fluid flow path for together to flow from the mouthpiece. 2. A vaporizer device according to claim 1 comprising:
providing a wicking time where upon the creating an aerosol from the vaporizable material that is wicked into the heating element assembly, a subsequent application of the stored at least a pulse width modulation profile to the heating element is ceased for a predetermine amount of time to facilitate re-wicking of the vaporizable material into the heating element assembly proximate the heating element. 3. A vaporizer device according to claim 1, wherein the pulse width modulation array comprises a plurality of pulse width modulation values stored in a pulse width modulation array, wherein generating a pulse width modulation value from within the array of pulse width modulations in a calibration phase comprises:
applying a predetermined electrical power over time to the heating element as a first pulse width value and obtaining a first calibration temperature signal through a non-contact pyrometric observation of heating element assembly; comparing the first calibration temperature signal to a predetermined temperature signal; amending the first pulse width applied to the heating element to minimize a difference between the first calibration temperature signal and the predetermined temperature signal to create an amended first pulse width value; storing of the first pulse width value within the pulse width modulation array as a first entry. 4. A vaporizer device according to claim 3 comprising
applying a predetermined electrical power over time to the heating element as a second pulse width value and obtaining a second calibration temperature signal through a non-contact pyrometric observation of heating element assembly;
comparing the second calibration temperature signal to the predetermined temperature signal;
amending the second pulse width applied to the heating element to minimize a difference between the second calibration temperature signal and the predetermined temperature signal to create an amended second pulse width value;
storing of the amended second pulse width value within the pulse width modulation array as a second entry. 5. A vaporizer device according to claim 1 comprising:
populating of the pulse width modulation array through a plurality of applications of predetermined electrical power over time to the heating element and obtaining a plurality of temperature signal through a non-contact pyrometric observation of heating element assembly to generate a plurality of amended pulse width values to minimize a plurality of temperature differences between a plurality of temperature signals and the predetermined temperature signal;
storing of the plurality of amended pulse width values as the at least a pulse width modulation profile within the memory circuit. 6. A vaporizer device according to claim 5 wherein the controllably applying electrical power with respect to time to the heating element based upon the least a pulse width modulation profile creates a substantially uniform temperature signal through the non-contact pyrometric observation of heating element assembly, wherein the substantially uniform temperature signal comprises a deviation from the predetermined temperature signal of about plus or minus 10 percent variation for less than 70% of time for which the pulse width modulation profile has been applied to the heating element. 7. A vaporizer device according to claim 1 comprising:
providing a wicking time where upon the creating an aerosol from the vaporizable material that is wicked into the heating element assembly, a subsequent application of the stored at least a pulse width modulation profile to the heating element is ceased for a predetermine amount of time to facilitate re-wicking of the vaporizable material into the heating element assembly proximate the heating element wherein the predetermine amount of time is at least thirty seconds. 8. A vaporizer device according to claim 1 wherein the heating element assembly comprises a 40-50% open porosity and a pore size ranging from 1 to 100 microns and where the heating element assembly comprises aluminum oxide. 9. A vaporizer device according to claim 1 wherein the heating element assembly comprises a porous ceramic substrate inlaid with a heating element comprising a resistive wire attached to electrical couplings, wherein electrical couplings are extending from the heating element past an outside surface of the heating element assembly are spaced radially and extend axially from the heating element assembly wherein the electrical couplings are approximately parallel with the fluid flow passage. 10. A vaporizer device according to claim 1 wherein the heating element assembly comprises a porous ceramic substrate inlaid with a heating element comprising a resistive wire, wherein electrical couplings extending from the heating element past an outside surface of the heating element assembly are spaced radially and extend axially from the heating element assembly wherein the electrical couplings are approximately perpendicular with the fluid flow passage. 11. A vaporizer device according to claim 1 wherein the heating element assembly comprises a 40-50% open porosity and comprising a tortuous pore structure with pore size ranging from 1 to 100 microns and where the heating element assembly comprises aluminum oxide and silicon carbide. 12. A vaporizer device according to claim 1 wherein the controllably applying electrical power with respect to time to the heating element based upon the least a pulse width modulation profile comprises: monitoring a flow of air through the manifold fluid flow exceeding the predetermined flow threshold and applying of the pulse width modulation profile to the heating element while the fluid flow is exceeding the predetermined flow threshold and ceasing to apply the pulse width modulation profile when the fluid flow is other than exceeding the predetermined flow threshold for a duration of the wicking time. 13. A vaporizer device according to claim 1 comprising a cartridge receptacle formed within the elongated base, wherein the cartridge receptacle is defined between the sidewalls, second end of the air intake manifold and a cartridge is removably mountable in the cartridge receptacle, the cartridge comprising:
a cartridge housing extending from a first cartridge end to a second cartridge end, wherein the elongated storage compartment is enclosed by the cartridge housing, wherein the heating assembly is disposed within the cartridge housing where the heating assembly disposed first end is proximate the cartridge housing first cartridge end wherein the memory circuit is disposed within the cartridge and the cartridge comprising a plurality of cartridge electrical contacts at the first cartridge, the plurality of electrical contacts being engageable with corresponding base electrical contacts provided on the vaporizer device wherein the control assembly is for reading from the memory circuit through the electrical engagement of the plurality of electrical contacts with corresponding base electrical contacts. 14. A vaporizer device according to claim 5 comprising:
weighing of the vaporizer device to obtain a pre-vaporization weight;
generating of dosing data for the least a pulse width modulation profile within the memory circuit through coupling of the vaporizer device mouthpiece with a vapor sampling system;
performing an inhalation using the vapor sampling system from the vaporizer device and triggering of the fluid flow sensor assembly to generate the fluid flow signal and for the at least a pulse width modulation profile to be applied to the heating element;
weighing of the vaporizer device to obtain a post vaporization weight;
subtracting of the pre-vaporization weight to the post vaporization weight to obtain a vapor weight; 15. A vaporizer device according to claim 14 comprising:
providing the stored vapor weight to a use rafter an inhalation by the user from the mouthpiece of the vaporize device. 16. A vaporizer device and system comprising:
a vaporizer body comprising: an elongated base extending from a first end to a second end, the elongated base including a pair of opposed sidewalls extending between the first end and the second end and a second end wall at the second end; a mouthpiece formed at the second end of the base, the mouthpiece comprising an inhalation aperture through the second end wall; an air intake manifold mounted to the base, the air intake manifold having a first manifold end and a second manifold end with a manifold fluid flow path defined therethrough, the air intake manifold comprising an ambient air input port disposed between the first manifold end and the second manifold end, the ambient air input port being exposed to an external environment; a fluid flow sensor assembly fluidly coupled between first manifold end and a second manifold with the manifold fluid flow path, the fluid flow sensor assembly for generating a fluid flow signal in dependence upon a flow of air through the manifold fluid flow exceeding a predetermined flow threshold; an elongated storage compartment, the storage compartment being configured to store a liquid vaporizable material, the storage compartment comprising an inner storage volume wherein the vaporizable material is storable in the inner storage volume, the elongated storage compartment comprising a first end and a second end opposite the first end; a heating assembly disposed at the elongated storage compartment first end, the heating assembly comprising a heating element thermally coupled with the heating element assembly comprising a porosity and wherein the heating element assembly is in fluid communication with the inner storage volume for wicking of the vaporizable material into the heating element assembly; and a fluid conduit extending parallel with the elongated storage compartment from the first end to the second end, the fluid conduit having a fluid conduit inlet proximate the elongated storage compartment first end and a fluid conduit outlet proximate the elongated storage compartment second end, wherein the fluid conduit is in fluid communication with the heating element assembly and the fluid conduit inlet is fluidly connected to the air intake manifold and the fluid conduit outlet is fluidly connected to the mouthpiece, and a fluid flow passage is defined between the ambient air input port and the inhalation aperture, the fluid flow passage passing proximate the heating element assembly; a control assembly coupled with an energy storage member having a charge and substantially enclosed with the vaporizer body and electrically coupled with the fluid flow sensor assembly and the heating element, the control assembly for reading from a memory circuit which is for storing at plurality a pulse width modulation profile therein where upon the fluid flow signal being generated, one of the pulse width modulation profile stored within the memory circuit being selected for controllably applying electrical power with respect to time to the heating element based upon the selected pulse width modulation profile, the heating element for heating of the heating element assembly and for creating an aerosol from the vaporizable material that is wicked into the heating element assembly and for the aerosol to flow into the fluid flow passage and for the aerosol to mix together with the ambient air flow through the manifold fluid flow path for together to flow from the mouthpiece; wherein selecting of the selected pulse width modulation profile stored within the memory circuit is dependent upon at least one of a viscosity of the liquid vaporizable material and the porosity of the heating element assembly and the charge of the energy storage member. 17. A vaporizer device according to claim 16 comprising user input interface wherein the user input interface comprises at least a button for selecting of the selected pulse width modulation profile. 18. A vaporization device and system comprising:
a cartridge usable with the vaporizer device having a control circuit, the cartridge comprising a mouthpiece and having an inhalation aperture; a cartridge housing extending from a first end of the cartridge to a second end of the cartridge; a storage compartment, the storage compartment being configured to store a vaporizable material, the storage compartment comprising an inner storage volume wherein the vaporizable material is storable in the inner storage volume, wherein the inner storage volume is enclosed by the cartridge housing; a heating element assembly disposed at the first end of the storage compartment, the heating assembly comprising a heating element, a wicking element, wherein the heating element is in thermal contact with the wicking element, wherein the storage interface member surrounds the wicking element, and the storage interface member includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced fluid apertures fluidly connecting the wicking element to the inner storage volume; and a fluid conduit extending through the housing from a conduit inlet at the first end to a conduit outlet at the second end, wherein the fluid conduit is fluidly connected to the wicking element, the fluid conduit passes through the heating element assembly, wherein the storage compartment, heating element assembly and fluid conduit are concentrically disposed, wherein the storage compartment surrounds the heating element assembly and the fluid conduit, wherein the fluid conduit extends along the entire length of the elongated storage compartment; a memory circuit for storing at least a pulse width modulation profile therein for being read by the control circuit for providing of the at least a pulse width modulation profile to the heating element for heating at least a portion of the vaporizable material wicked into the heating element assembly for generating an aerosol therefrom into the fluid conduit. 19. A vaporizer device according to claim 18 wherein the heating element assembly comprises a 40-50% open porosity and where the heating element assembly comprises aluminum oxide. 20. A vaporizer device according to claim 18 comprising a fluid flow sensor assembly fluidly coupled upstream of the heating assembly, the fluid flow sensor assembly for generating a fluid flow signal in dependence upon a flow of air through the fluid conduit exceeding a predetermined flow threshold for triggering of the at least a pulse width modulation profile being applied to the heating element. | 3,700 |
341,184 | 16,801,473 | 3,761 | The present disclosure relates to a method, device and computer program product for processing a job. In a method, a first group of tasks in a first portion of the job are obtained, the first group of tasks being executable in parallel by a first group of processing devices. A plurality of priorities are set to a plurality of processing devices, respectively, based on a state of a processing resource of a processing device among the plurality of processing devices in a distributed processing system, the processing resource comprising at least one of a computing resource and a storage resource. The first group of processing devices are selected from the plurality of processing devices based on the plurality of priorities. The first group of tasks are allocated to the first group of processing devices, respectively, which process the first group of tasks for generating a first group of task results. | 1. A method for processing a job, the method comprising:
obtaining a first group of tasks in a first portion of the job, the first group of tasks being executable in parallel by a first group of processing devices; setting a plurality of priorities to a plurality of processing devices based on a state of a processing resource of a processing device among the plurality of processing devices in a distributed processing system, the processing resource comprising at least one of a computing resource and a storage resource; selecting the first group of processing devices from the plurality of processing devices based on the plurality of priorities; and allocating the first group of tasks to the first group of processing devices, respectively, so that the first group of processing devices utilize their respective processing resources to process the first group of tasks for generating a first group of task results. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein allocating the first group of tasks to the first group of processing devices, respectively comprises: with respect to a processing device among the plurality of processing devices,
allocating a long-term priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that a processing resource of the processing device is usable to process a plurality of tasks associated with the job; and allocating a one-time priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that the processing resource of the processing device is usable to process only one task associated with the job. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the processing resource comprises both a computing resource and a storage resource, and allocating the long-term priority to the processing devices comprises at least one of:
allocating a first priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that the processing resource is usable to process all allocated tasks associated with the job; and allocating a second priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that the processing resource is usable to process at least two allocated tasks associated with the job. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising: instructing the processing device to store the task result to a storage resource of the first group of processing devices. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein instructing the processing device to store the task result to the storage resource in the first group of processing devices comprises at least one of:
instructing the processing device to store the task result to a storage resource in a processing device with the long-term priority in the first group of processing devices; and instructing the processing device to store the task result to the storage resource in the processing device. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein allocating the one-time priority to the processing device comprises at least one of:
allocating a third priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that the processing resource is usable to process only one allocated task associated with the job, the processing resource comprising a computing resource and a storage resource; and allocating a fourth priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that the processing resource is usable to process only one allocated task associated with the job, the processing resource only comprising a computing resource. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein allocating the first group of tasks to the first group of processing devices, respectively comprises:
generating a first group of data partitions associated with the first group of tasks, respectively, based on raw data associated with the job; storing the first group of data partitions to storage resources in the first group of processing devices; and instructing the first group of processing devices to obtain the first group of data partitions from the storage resources in the first group of processing devices. 8. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
receiving from the first group of processing devices a first group of result addresses associated with a first group of task results of the first group of tasks; and obtaining the first group of task results based on the first group of result addresses. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
obtaining a second group of tasks in a second portion of the job, the second group of tasks being executable in parallel by a second group of processing devices; selecting the second group of processing devices from the plurality of processing devices based on the plurality of priorities; and allocating the second group of tasks to the second group of processing devices, respectively, so that the second group of processing devices utilize their respective processing resources to process the second group of tasks for generating a second group of task results. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein allocating the second group of tasks to the second group of processing devices, respectively comprises:
determining a second group of addresses of a second group of data partitions to be processed by the second group of processing devices based on the first group of result addresses of the first group of task results; and instructing the second group of processing devices to execute the second group of tasks based on the second group of addresses. 11. An electronic device, comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform acts, including:
obtaining a first group of tasks in a first portion of the job, the first group of tasks being executable in parallel by a first group of processing devices;
setting a plurality of priorities to a plurality of processing devices based on a state of a processing resource of a processing device among the plurality of processing devices in a distributed processing system, respectively, the processing resource comprising at least one of a computing resource and a storage resource;
selecting the first group of processing devices from the plurality of processing devices based on the plurality of priorities; and
allocating the first group of tasks to the first group of processing devices, respectively, so that the first group of processing devices utilize their respective processing resources to process the first group of tasks for generating a first group of task results. 12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein allocating the first group of tasks to the first group of processing devices, respectively comprises: with respect to a processing device among the plurality of processing devices,
allocating a long-term priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that a processing resource of the processing device is usable to process a plurality of tasks associated with the job; and allocating a one-time priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that the processing resource of the processing device is usable to process only one task associated with the job. 13. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the processing resource comprises both a computing resource and a storage resource, and allocating the long-term priority to the processing devices comprises at least one of:
allocating a first priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that the processing resource is usable to process all allocated tasks associated with the job; and allocating a second priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that the processing resource is usable to process at least two allocated tasks associated with the job. 14. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the acts further comprise: instructing the processing device to store the task result to a storage resource of the first group of processing devices. 15. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein instructing the processing device to store the task result to the storage resource in the first group of processing devices comprises at least one of:
instructing the processing device to store the task result to a storage resource in a processing device with the long-term priority in the first group of processing devices; and instructing the processing device to store the task result to the storage resource in the processing device. 16. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein allocating the one-time priority to the processing device comprises at least one of:
allocating a third priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that the processing resource is usable to process only one allocated task associated with the job, the processing resource comprising a computing resource and a storage resource; and allocating a fourth priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that the processing resource is usable to process only one allocated task associated with the job, the processing resource only comprising a computing resource. 17. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein allocating the first group of tasks to the first group of processing devices, respectively comprises:
generating a first group of data partitions associated with the first group of tasks, respectively, based on raw data associated with the job; storing the first group of data partitions to storage resources in the first group of processing devices; and instructing the first group of processing devices to obtain the first group of data partitions from the storage resources in the first group of processing devices. 18. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the acts further comprise:
receiving from the first group of processing devices a first group of result addresses associated with a first group of task results of the first group of tasks; and obtaining the first group of task results based on the first group of result addresses. 19. The electronic device of claim 18, wherein the acts further comprise:
obtaining a second group of tasks in a second portion of the job, the second group of tasks being executable in parallel by a second group of processing devices; selecting the second group of processing devices from the plurality of processing devices based on the plurality of priorities; and allocating the second group of tasks to the second group of processing devices, respectively, so that the second group of processing devices utilize their respective processing resources to process the second group of tasks for generating a second group of task results. 20. A computer program product, tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium and comprising machine-executable instructions, which when executed by a processor of an electronic device, cause the device to perform steps of:
obtaining a first group of tasks in a first portion of the job, the first group of tasks being executable in parallel by a first group of processing devices; setting a plurality of priorities to a plurality of processing devices based on a state of a processing resource of a processing device among the plurality of processing devices in a distributed processing system, the processing resource comprising at least one of a computing resource and a storage resource; selecting the first group of processing devices from the plurality of processing devices based on the plurality of priorities; and allocating the first group of tasks to the first group of processing devices, respectively, so that the first group of processing devices utilize their respective processing resources to process the first group of tasks for generating a first group of task results. | The present disclosure relates to a method, device and computer program product for processing a job. In a method, a first group of tasks in a first portion of the job are obtained, the first group of tasks being executable in parallel by a first group of processing devices. A plurality of priorities are set to a plurality of processing devices, respectively, based on a state of a processing resource of a processing device among the plurality of processing devices in a distributed processing system, the processing resource comprising at least one of a computing resource and a storage resource. The first group of processing devices are selected from the plurality of processing devices based on the plurality of priorities. The first group of tasks are allocated to the first group of processing devices, respectively, which process the first group of tasks for generating a first group of task results.1. A method for processing a job, the method comprising:
obtaining a first group of tasks in a first portion of the job, the first group of tasks being executable in parallel by a first group of processing devices; setting a plurality of priorities to a plurality of processing devices based on a state of a processing resource of a processing device among the plurality of processing devices in a distributed processing system, the processing resource comprising at least one of a computing resource and a storage resource; selecting the first group of processing devices from the plurality of processing devices based on the plurality of priorities; and allocating the first group of tasks to the first group of processing devices, respectively, so that the first group of processing devices utilize their respective processing resources to process the first group of tasks for generating a first group of task results. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein allocating the first group of tasks to the first group of processing devices, respectively comprises: with respect to a processing device among the plurality of processing devices,
allocating a long-term priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that a processing resource of the processing device is usable to process a plurality of tasks associated with the job; and allocating a one-time priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that the processing resource of the processing device is usable to process only one task associated with the job. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the processing resource comprises both a computing resource and a storage resource, and allocating the long-term priority to the processing devices comprises at least one of:
allocating a first priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that the processing resource is usable to process all allocated tasks associated with the job; and allocating a second priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that the processing resource is usable to process at least two allocated tasks associated with the job. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising: instructing the processing device to store the task result to a storage resource of the first group of processing devices. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein instructing the processing device to store the task result to the storage resource in the first group of processing devices comprises at least one of:
instructing the processing device to store the task result to a storage resource in a processing device with the long-term priority in the first group of processing devices; and instructing the processing device to store the task result to the storage resource in the processing device. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein allocating the one-time priority to the processing device comprises at least one of:
allocating a third priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that the processing resource is usable to process only one allocated task associated with the job, the processing resource comprising a computing resource and a storage resource; and allocating a fourth priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that the processing resource is usable to process only one allocated task associated with the job, the processing resource only comprising a computing resource. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein allocating the first group of tasks to the first group of processing devices, respectively comprises:
generating a first group of data partitions associated with the first group of tasks, respectively, based on raw data associated with the job; storing the first group of data partitions to storage resources in the first group of processing devices; and instructing the first group of processing devices to obtain the first group of data partitions from the storage resources in the first group of processing devices. 8. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
receiving from the first group of processing devices a first group of result addresses associated with a first group of task results of the first group of tasks; and obtaining the first group of task results based on the first group of result addresses. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
obtaining a second group of tasks in a second portion of the job, the second group of tasks being executable in parallel by a second group of processing devices; selecting the second group of processing devices from the plurality of processing devices based on the plurality of priorities; and allocating the second group of tasks to the second group of processing devices, respectively, so that the second group of processing devices utilize their respective processing resources to process the second group of tasks for generating a second group of task results. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein allocating the second group of tasks to the second group of processing devices, respectively comprises:
determining a second group of addresses of a second group of data partitions to be processed by the second group of processing devices based on the first group of result addresses of the first group of task results; and instructing the second group of processing devices to execute the second group of tasks based on the second group of addresses. 11. An electronic device, comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform acts, including:
obtaining a first group of tasks in a first portion of the job, the first group of tasks being executable in parallel by a first group of processing devices;
setting a plurality of priorities to a plurality of processing devices based on a state of a processing resource of a processing device among the plurality of processing devices in a distributed processing system, respectively, the processing resource comprising at least one of a computing resource and a storage resource;
selecting the first group of processing devices from the plurality of processing devices based on the plurality of priorities; and
allocating the first group of tasks to the first group of processing devices, respectively, so that the first group of processing devices utilize their respective processing resources to process the first group of tasks for generating a first group of task results. 12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein allocating the first group of tasks to the first group of processing devices, respectively comprises: with respect to a processing device among the plurality of processing devices,
allocating a long-term priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that a processing resource of the processing device is usable to process a plurality of tasks associated with the job; and allocating a one-time priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that the processing resource of the processing device is usable to process only one task associated with the job. 13. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the processing resource comprises both a computing resource and a storage resource, and allocating the long-term priority to the processing devices comprises at least one of:
allocating a first priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that the processing resource is usable to process all allocated tasks associated with the job; and allocating a second priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that the processing resource is usable to process at least two allocated tasks associated with the job. 14. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the acts further comprise: instructing the processing device to store the task result to a storage resource of the first group of processing devices. 15. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein instructing the processing device to store the task result to the storage resource in the first group of processing devices comprises at least one of:
instructing the processing device to store the task result to a storage resource in a processing device with the long-term priority in the first group of processing devices; and instructing the processing device to store the task result to the storage resource in the processing device. 16. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein allocating the one-time priority to the processing device comprises at least one of:
allocating a third priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that the processing resource is usable to process only one allocated task associated with the job, the processing resource comprising a computing resource and a storage resource; and allocating a fourth priority to the processing device in accordance with determining that the processing resource is usable to process only one allocated task associated with the job, the processing resource only comprising a computing resource. 17. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein allocating the first group of tasks to the first group of processing devices, respectively comprises:
generating a first group of data partitions associated with the first group of tasks, respectively, based on raw data associated with the job; storing the first group of data partitions to storage resources in the first group of processing devices; and instructing the first group of processing devices to obtain the first group of data partitions from the storage resources in the first group of processing devices. 18. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the acts further comprise:
receiving from the first group of processing devices a first group of result addresses associated with a first group of task results of the first group of tasks; and obtaining the first group of task results based on the first group of result addresses. 19. The electronic device of claim 18, wherein the acts further comprise:
obtaining a second group of tasks in a second portion of the job, the second group of tasks being executable in parallel by a second group of processing devices; selecting the second group of processing devices from the plurality of processing devices based on the plurality of priorities; and allocating the second group of tasks to the second group of processing devices, respectively, so that the second group of processing devices utilize their respective processing resources to process the second group of tasks for generating a second group of task results. 20. A computer program product, tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium and comprising machine-executable instructions, which when executed by a processor of an electronic device, cause the device to perform steps of:
obtaining a first group of tasks in a first portion of the job, the first group of tasks being executable in parallel by a first group of processing devices; setting a plurality of priorities to a plurality of processing devices based on a state of a processing resource of a processing device among the plurality of processing devices in a distributed processing system, the processing resource comprising at least one of a computing resource and a storage resource; selecting the first group of processing devices from the plurality of processing devices based on the plurality of priorities; and allocating the first group of tasks to the first group of processing devices, respectively, so that the first group of processing devices utilize their respective processing resources to process the first group of tasks for generating a first group of task results. | 3,700 |
341,185 | 16,801,488 | 3,761 | A camera module includes: an optical imaging system including a frontmost lens disposed closest to an object side, a rearmost lens disposed closest to an imaging plane, and at least one middle lens disposed between the frontmost lens and the rearmost lens. An image-side surface of the rearmost lens is concave and an inflection point is formed on the image-side surface of the rearmost lens. 0.2<D/TTL is satisfied, D being a shortest distance between the rearmost lens and the imaging plane, and TTL being a distance from an object-side surface of the frontmost lens to the imaging plane. | 1. A camera module comprising:
an optical imaging system comprising
a frontmost lens disposed closest to an object side,
a rearmost lens disposed closest to an imaging plane, and
at least one middle lens disposed between the frontmost lens and the rearmost lens,
wherein an image-side surface of the rearmost lens is concave and an inflection point is formed on the image-side surface of the rearmost lens, and wherein 0.2<D/TTL is satisfied, D being a shortest distance between the rearmost lens and the imaging plane, and TTL being a distance from an object-side surface of the frontmost lens to the imaging plane. 2. The camera module of claim 1, wherein the at least one middle lens comprises three lenses. 3. The camera module of claim 1, further comprising:
a hand-shake compensation unit configured to move the optical imaging system in a direction intersecting an optical axis of the optical imaging system. 4. The camera module of claim 1, further comprising:
an auto-focusing unit configured to move the optical imaging system along an optical axis direction of the optical imaging system. 5. The camera module of claim 1, wherein D is greater than 0.9 mm. 6. The camera module of claim 1, wherein TTL/ImgH<0.7 is satisfied, ImgH being a diagonal length of the imaging plane. 7. The camera module of claim 1, wherein 75 degrees<FOV is satisfied, FOV being a field of view of the optical imaging system. 8. A camera module, comprising:
an optical imaging system comprising lenses, each of the lenses having a refractive power; and an imaging plane on which an image of light refracted by the optical imaging system is formed, wherein 0.8 mm<D is satisfied, where D is a shortest distance between an image-side surface of a fifth lens of the lenses and the imaging plane, wherein TTL/ImgH<0.7 is satisfied, where TTL is a distance from an object-side surface of a first lens of the lenses to the imaging plane, and ImgH is a diagonal length of the imaging plane, and wherein the first lens is closest to the object side and the fifth lens is closest to the imaging plane. 9. The camera module of claim 8, wherein the lenses comprise the first lens having a positive refractive power, a second lens having a negative refractive power, a third lens having a positive refractive power, a fourth lens having a negative refractive power, and the fifth lens having a positive refractive power, the first to fifth lenses being sequentially disposed from an object side to the imaging plane. 10. The camera module of claim 9, wherein the object-side surface of the first lens is convex. 11. The camera module of claim 9, wherein an object-side surface of the third lens is concave. 12. The camera module of claim 9, wherein an object-side surface of the fourth lens and an image-side surface of the fourth lens are concave. 13. The camera module of claim 9, wherein the image-side surface of the fifth lens is concave, and an inflection point is formed on the image-side surface of the fifth lens. 14. The camera module of claim 8, wherein 0.24<D/f is satisfied, f is being overall focal length of the optical imaging system. 15. The camera module of claim 8, wherein TTL<4.25 mm is satisfied. 16. The camera module of claim 8, wherein an F number of the optical imaging system is 2.10 or less. 17. The camera module of claim 8, wherein TTL/ImgH<0.68 is satisfied. | A camera module includes: an optical imaging system including a frontmost lens disposed closest to an object side, a rearmost lens disposed closest to an imaging plane, and at least one middle lens disposed between the frontmost lens and the rearmost lens. An image-side surface of the rearmost lens is concave and an inflection point is formed on the image-side surface of the rearmost lens. 0.2<D/TTL is satisfied, D being a shortest distance between the rearmost lens and the imaging plane, and TTL being a distance from an object-side surface of the frontmost lens to the imaging plane.1. A camera module comprising:
an optical imaging system comprising
a frontmost lens disposed closest to an object side,
a rearmost lens disposed closest to an imaging plane, and
at least one middle lens disposed between the frontmost lens and the rearmost lens,
wherein an image-side surface of the rearmost lens is concave and an inflection point is formed on the image-side surface of the rearmost lens, and wherein 0.2<D/TTL is satisfied, D being a shortest distance between the rearmost lens and the imaging plane, and TTL being a distance from an object-side surface of the frontmost lens to the imaging plane. 2. The camera module of claim 1, wherein the at least one middle lens comprises three lenses. 3. The camera module of claim 1, further comprising:
a hand-shake compensation unit configured to move the optical imaging system in a direction intersecting an optical axis of the optical imaging system. 4. The camera module of claim 1, further comprising:
an auto-focusing unit configured to move the optical imaging system along an optical axis direction of the optical imaging system. 5. The camera module of claim 1, wherein D is greater than 0.9 mm. 6. The camera module of claim 1, wherein TTL/ImgH<0.7 is satisfied, ImgH being a diagonal length of the imaging plane. 7. The camera module of claim 1, wherein 75 degrees<FOV is satisfied, FOV being a field of view of the optical imaging system. 8. A camera module, comprising:
an optical imaging system comprising lenses, each of the lenses having a refractive power; and an imaging plane on which an image of light refracted by the optical imaging system is formed, wherein 0.8 mm<D is satisfied, where D is a shortest distance between an image-side surface of a fifth lens of the lenses and the imaging plane, wherein TTL/ImgH<0.7 is satisfied, where TTL is a distance from an object-side surface of a first lens of the lenses to the imaging plane, and ImgH is a diagonal length of the imaging plane, and wherein the first lens is closest to the object side and the fifth lens is closest to the imaging plane. 9. The camera module of claim 8, wherein the lenses comprise the first lens having a positive refractive power, a second lens having a negative refractive power, a third lens having a positive refractive power, a fourth lens having a negative refractive power, and the fifth lens having a positive refractive power, the first to fifth lenses being sequentially disposed from an object side to the imaging plane. 10. The camera module of claim 9, wherein the object-side surface of the first lens is convex. 11. The camera module of claim 9, wherein an object-side surface of the third lens is concave. 12. The camera module of claim 9, wherein an object-side surface of the fourth lens and an image-side surface of the fourth lens are concave. 13. The camera module of claim 9, wherein the image-side surface of the fifth lens is concave, and an inflection point is formed on the image-side surface of the fifth lens. 14. The camera module of claim 8, wherein 0.24<D/f is satisfied, f is being overall focal length of the optical imaging system. 15. The camera module of claim 8, wherein TTL<4.25 mm is satisfied. 16. The camera module of claim 8, wherein an F number of the optical imaging system is 2.10 or less. 17. The camera module of claim 8, wherein TTL/ImgH<0.68 is satisfied. | 3,700 |
341,186 | 16,801,523 | 3,761 | A magnetic sensor device includes a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic sensor and a magnet that produces a magnetic field. The 3D magnetic sensor is arranged within the magnetic field and is configured to measure three different magnetic field components of the magnetic field and generate sensor signals in response to the measured three different magnetic field components. The magnet is arranged in a default spatial position in an absence of any applied spatial force, where the magnet is configured to rotate about a rotation axis based on an applied rotational force. The magnetic field varies inhomogeneously with regards to at least one of the three magnetic field components upon rotation of the magnet about the rotation axis. | 1. A magnetic sensor device, comprising:
a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic sensor arranged within a magnetic field, the 3D magnetic sensor being configured to measure three different magnetic field components of the magnetic field and generate sensor signals in response to the measured three different magnetic field components; and a magnet that produces the magnetic field, wherein the magnet is arranged in a default spatial position in an absence of any applied spatial force, wherein the magnet is configured to rotate about a rotation axis based on an applied rotational force, and wherein the magnetic field varies inhomogeneously with regards to at least one of the three magnetic field components upon rotation of the magnet about the rotation axis. 2. The magnetic sensor device of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field varies inhomogeneously at the 3D magnetic sensor while the magnet rotates about the rotation axis in the default spatial position. 3. The magnetic sensor device of claim 1, wherein the magnet is configured to be displaced from the default spatial position to a displaced spatial position based on an applied spatial force that results in a displacement vector from the default spatial position to the displaced spatial position in Euclidean space. 4. The magnetic sensor device of claim 1, wherein the magnet has a magnetization vector that, when projected onto the rotation axis, is displaced from the rotation axis by a default displacement angle that is greater than zero when the magnet is in the default spatial position. 5. The magnetic sensor device of claim 4, wherein:
the magnet is symmetrical to a symmetry axis that is displaced from the rotation axis by the default displacement angle that is greater than zero when the magnet is in a default spatial position. 6. The magnetic sensor device of claim 5, wherein the rotation axis intersects with the symmetry axis. 7. The magnetic sensor device of claim 5, wherein:
the magnet is axially magnetized along the magnetization vector, and the symmetry axis is parallel to the magnetization vector. 8. The magnetic sensor device of claim 4, wherein:
the magnet is symmetrical to a symmetry axis that is parallel to the rotation axis when the magnet is in a default spatial position. 9. The magnetic sensor device of claim 8, wherein the rotation axis is aligned with the symmetry axis. 10. The magnetic sensor device of claim 8, wherein:
a cross-section of the magnet includes a first side and a second side arranged opposite to the first side, and a strength of the magnetic field produced by the magnet increases from the first side to the second side. 11. The magnetic sensor device of claim 10, wherein:
the magnet includes a south pole and north pole coupled together at an interface that extends from the first side to the second side, a thickness of the north pole increases from the first side to the second side, and a thickness of the south pole decreases from the first side to the second side. 12. The magnetic sensor device of claim 1, wherein:
a cross-section of the magnet includes a first side and a second side arranged opposite to the first side, the magnet has a plurality of magnetization vectors that are parallel to the rotation axis when the magnet is in the default spatial position, and a strength of the magnetic field produced by the magnet decreases from the first side to the second side. 13. The magnetic sensor device of claim 1, wherein:
the magnet is symmetrical to a symmetry axis that is parallel to the rotation axis when the magnet is in a default spatial position, a cross-section of the magnet includes first portion that extends from a first side to the symmetry axis and a second portion that extends from a second side to the symmetry axis, wherein the second side is arranged opposite to the first side, the magnet has a first plurality of magnetization vectors that are parallel to the rotation axis when the magnet is in the default spatial position, wherein the first plurality of magnetization vectors are produced in the first portion of the magnet, the magnet has a second plurality of magnetization vectors that are parallel to the rotation axis when the magnet is in the default spatial position, wherein the second plurality of magnetization vectors are produced in the second portion of the magnet and are antiparallel to the first plurality of magnetization vectors, a strength of the magnetic field produced by the magnet increases from the symmetry axis to the first side and increases from the symmetry axis to the second side. 14. The magnetic sensor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a processing circuit configured to receive the sensor signals and detect a rotational movement of the magnet about the rotation axis, an axial movement of the magnet along the rotation axis, and a pivoting movement of the magnet that causes an angle between the rotation axis and a magnetization vector of the magnet to change. 15. The magnetic sensor device of claim 1, wherein:
the magnet is symmetrical to a symmetry axis, the magnet includes a first face and a second face arranged opposite to the first face with respect to the symmetry axis, and the magnet incudes a cavity that extends along the symmetry axis from the first face to the second face. 16. The magnetic sensor device of claim 1, wherein the 3D magnetic sensor is rotationally fixed. 17. The magnetic sensor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a rotary knob comprising a shaft configured to rotate about the rotation axis, wherein the shaft comprises a bore that extends at least partially through the shaft, wherein the magnet is arranged inside the bore and fixedly coupled to an internal surface of the shaft defined by the bore. 18. The magnetic sensor device of claim 17, wherein the rotary knob is configured to pivot from the rotation axis and is configured to be displaced along the rotation axis. 19. A rotary knob sensor arrangement, comprising:
a rotary knob comprising a shaft configured to rotate about a rotation axis; a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic sensor arranged within a magnetic field, the 3D magnetic sensor being configured to measure three different magnetic field components of the magnetic field and generate sensor signals in response to the measured three different magnetic field components; and a magnet coupled to the shaft, wherein the magnet produces the magnetic field, wherein the magnet is arranged in a default spatial position in an absence of any spatial force applied to the rotary knob, wherein the magnet is configured to rotate about a rotation axis based on a rotational force applied to the rotary knob, and wherein the magnetic field varies inhomogeneously at the 3D magnetic sensor with regards to at least one of the three magnetic field components while the magnet rotates about the rotation axis. 20. The magnetic sensor device of claim 19, wherein the magnetic field varies inhomogeneously at the 3D magnetic sensor while the magnet rotates about the rotation axis in the default spatial position. 21. The rotary knob sensor arrangement of claim 19, wherein:
the shaft comprises a bore that extends at least partially through the shaft, wherein the bore defines an internal surface of the shaft, and the magnet is arranged inside the bore and fixedly coupled to the internal surface of the shaft defined by the bore. 22. The rotary knob sensor arrangement of claim 19, further comprising:
a processing circuit configured to receive the sensor signals and detect a rotational movement of the rotary knob about the rotation axis, an axial movement of the rotary knob along the rotation axis, and a pivoting movement of the rotary knob that causes the rotary knob to pivot on a pivoting point from the rotation axis. 23. The rotary knob sensor arrangement of claim 19, wherein the magnet is configured to be displaced from the default spatial position to a displaced spatial position based on a spatial force applied to the rotary knob that results in a displacement vector from the default spatial position to the displaced spatial position in Euclidean space. 24. The rotary knob sensor arrangement of claim 19, wherein the magnet has a magnetization vector that, when projected onto the rotation axis, is displaced from the rotation axis by a default displacement angle that is greater than zero when the magnet is in the default spatial position. 25. The rotary knob sensor arrangement of claim 19, wherein:
a cross-section of the magnet includes a first side and a second side arranged opposite to the first side, the magnet has a plurality of magnetization vectors that are parallel to the rotation axis when the magnet is in the default spatial position, and a strength of the magnetic field produced by the magnet decreases from the first side to the second side. 26. The rotary knob sensor arrangement of claim 19, wherein:
the magnet is symmetrical to a symmetry axis that is parallel to the rotation axis when the magnet is in a default spatial position, a cross-section of the magnet includes first portion that extends from a first side to the symmetry axis and a second portion that extends from a second side to the symmetry axis, wherein the second side is arranged opposite to the first side, the magnet has a first plurality of magnetization vectors that are parallel to the rotation axis when the magnet is in the default spatial position, wherein the first plurality of magnetization vectors are produced in the first portion of the magnet, the magnet has a second plurality of magnetization vectors that are parallel to the rotation axis when the magnet is in the default spatial position, wherein the second plurality of magnetization vectors are produced in the second portion of the magnet and are antiparallel to the first plurality of magnetization vectors, a strength of the magnetic field produced by the magnet increases from the symmetry axis to the first side and increases from the symmetry axis to the second side. | A magnetic sensor device includes a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic sensor and a magnet that produces a magnetic field. The 3D magnetic sensor is arranged within the magnetic field and is configured to measure three different magnetic field components of the magnetic field and generate sensor signals in response to the measured three different magnetic field components. The magnet is arranged in a default spatial position in an absence of any applied spatial force, where the magnet is configured to rotate about a rotation axis based on an applied rotational force. The magnetic field varies inhomogeneously with regards to at least one of the three magnetic field components upon rotation of the magnet about the rotation axis.1. A magnetic sensor device, comprising:
a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic sensor arranged within a magnetic field, the 3D magnetic sensor being configured to measure three different magnetic field components of the magnetic field and generate sensor signals in response to the measured three different magnetic field components; and a magnet that produces the magnetic field, wherein the magnet is arranged in a default spatial position in an absence of any applied spatial force, wherein the magnet is configured to rotate about a rotation axis based on an applied rotational force, and wherein the magnetic field varies inhomogeneously with regards to at least one of the three magnetic field components upon rotation of the magnet about the rotation axis. 2. The magnetic sensor device of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field varies inhomogeneously at the 3D magnetic sensor while the magnet rotates about the rotation axis in the default spatial position. 3. The magnetic sensor device of claim 1, wherein the magnet is configured to be displaced from the default spatial position to a displaced spatial position based on an applied spatial force that results in a displacement vector from the default spatial position to the displaced spatial position in Euclidean space. 4. The magnetic sensor device of claim 1, wherein the magnet has a magnetization vector that, when projected onto the rotation axis, is displaced from the rotation axis by a default displacement angle that is greater than zero when the magnet is in the default spatial position. 5. The magnetic sensor device of claim 4, wherein:
the magnet is symmetrical to a symmetry axis that is displaced from the rotation axis by the default displacement angle that is greater than zero when the magnet is in a default spatial position. 6. The magnetic sensor device of claim 5, wherein the rotation axis intersects with the symmetry axis. 7. The magnetic sensor device of claim 5, wherein:
the magnet is axially magnetized along the magnetization vector, and the symmetry axis is parallel to the magnetization vector. 8. The magnetic sensor device of claim 4, wherein:
the magnet is symmetrical to a symmetry axis that is parallel to the rotation axis when the magnet is in a default spatial position. 9. The magnetic sensor device of claim 8, wherein the rotation axis is aligned with the symmetry axis. 10. The magnetic sensor device of claim 8, wherein:
a cross-section of the magnet includes a first side and a second side arranged opposite to the first side, and a strength of the magnetic field produced by the magnet increases from the first side to the second side. 11. The magnetic sensor device of claim 10, wherein:
the magnet includes a south pole and north pole coupled together at an interface that extends from the first side to the second side, a thickness of the north pole increases from the first side to the second side, and a thickness of the south pole decreases from the first side to the second side. 12. The magnetic sensor device of claim 1, wherein:
a cross-section of the magnet includes a first side and a second side arranged opposite to the first side, the magnet has a plurality of magnetization vectors that are parallel to the rotation axis when the magnet is in the default spatial position, and a strength of the magnetic field produced by the magnet decreases from the first side to the second side. 13. The magnetic sensor device of claim 1, wherein:
the magnet is symmetrical to a symmetry axis that is parallel to the rotation axis when the magnet is in a default spatial position, a cross-section of the magnet includes first portion that extends from a first side to the symmetry axis and a second portion that extends from a second side to the symmetry axis, wherein the second side is arranged opposite to the first side, the magnet has a first plurality of magnetization vectors that are parallel to the rotation axis when the magnet is in the default spatial position, wherein the first plurality of magnetization vectors are produced in the first portion of the magnet, the magnet has a second plurality of magnetization vectors that are parallel to the rotation axis when the magnet is in the default spatial position, wherein the second plurality of magnetization vectors are produced in the second portion of the magnet and are antiparallel to the first plurality of magnetization vectors, a strength of the magnetic field produced by the magnet increases from the symmetry axis to the first side and increases from the symmetry axis to the second side. 14. The magnetic sensor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a processing circuit configured to receive the sensor signals and detect a rotational movement of the magnet about the rotation axis, an axial movement of the magnet along the rotation axis, and a pivoting movement of the magnet that causes an angle between the rotation axis and a magnetization vector of the magnet to change. 15. The magnetic sensor device of claim 1, wherein:
the magnet is symmetrical to a symmetry axis, the magnet includes a first face and a second face arranged opposite to the first face with respect to the symmetry axis, and the magnet incudes a cavity that extends along the symmetry axis from the first face to the second face. 16. The magnetic sensor device of claim 1, wherein the 3D magnetic sensor is rotationally fixed. 17. The magnetic sensor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a rotary knob comprising a shaft configured to rotate about the rotation axis, wherein the shaft comprises a bore that extends at least partially through the shaft, wherein the magnet is arranged inside the bore and fixedly coupled to an internal surface of the shaft defined by the bore. 18. The magnetic sensor device of claim 17, wherein the rotary knob is configured to pivot from the rotation axis and is configured to be displaced along the rotation axis. 19. A rotary knob sensor arrangement, comprising:
a rotary knob comprising a shaft configured to rotate about a rotation axis; a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic sensor arranged within a magnetic field, the 3D magnetic sensor being configured to measure three different magnetic field components of the magnetic field and generate sensor signals in response to the measured three different magnetic field components; and a magnet coupled to the shaft, wherein the magnet produces the magnetic field, wherein the magnet is arranged in a default spatial position in an absence of any spatial force applied to the rotary knob, wherein the magnet is configured to rotate about a rotation axis based on a rotational force applied to the rotary knob, and wherein the magnetic field varies inhomogeneously at the 3D magnetic sensor with regards to at least one of the three magnetic field components while the magnet rotates about the rotation axis. 20. The magnetic sensor device of claim 19, wherein the magnetic field varies inhomogeneously at the 3D magnetic sensor while the magnet rotates about the rotation axis in the default spatial position. 21. The rotary knob sensor arrangement of claim 19, wherein:
the shaft comprises a bore that extends at least partially through the shaft, wherein the bore defines an internal surface of the shaft, and the magnet is arranged inside the bore and fixedly coupled to the internal surface of the shaft defined by the bore. 22. The rotary knob sensor arrangement of claim 19, further comprising:
a processing circuit configured to receive the sensor signals and detect a rotational movement of the rotary knob about the rotation axis, an axial movement of the rotary knob along the rotation axis, and a pivoting movement of the rotary knob that causes the rotary knob to pivot on a pivoting point from the rotation axis. 23. The rotary knob sensor arrangement of claim 19, wherein the magnet is configured to be displaced from the default spatial position to a displaced spatial position based on a spatial force applied to the rotary knob that results in a displacement vector from the default spatial position to the displaced spatial position in Euclidean space. 24. The rotary knob sensor arrangement of claim 19, wherein the magnet has a magnetization vector that, when projected onto the rotation axis, is displaced from the rotation axis by a default displacement angle that is greater than zero when the magnet is in the default spatial position. 25. The rotary knob sensor arrangement of claim 19, wherein:
a cross-section of the magnet includes a first side and a second side arranged opposite to the first side, the magnet has a plurality of magnetization vectors that are parallel to the rotation axis when the magnet is in the default spatial position, and a strength of the magnetic field produced by the magnet decreases from the first side to the second side. 26. The rotary knob sensor arrangement of claim 19, wherein:
the magnet is symmetrical to a symmetry axis that is parallel to the rotation axis when the magnet is in a default spatial position, a cross-section of the magnet includes first portion that extends from a first side to the symmetry axis and a second portion that extends from a second side to the symmetry axis, wherein the second side is arranged opposite to the first side, the magnet has a first plurality of magnetization vectors that are parallel to the rotation axis when the magnet is in the default spatial position, wherein the first plurality of magnetization vectors are produced in the first portion of the magnet, the magnet has a second plurality of magnetization vectors that are parallel to the rotation axis when the magnet is in the default spatial position, wherein the second plurality of magnetization vectors are produced in the second portion of the magnet and are antiparallel to the first plurality of magnetization vectors, a strength of the magnetic field produced by the magnet increases from the symmetry axis to the first side and increases from the symmetry axis to the second side. | 3,700 |
341,187 | 16,801,496 | 3,761 | This application discloses a reference signal configuration method and apparatus. Before a network device sends reference signals aperiodically, the network device sends configuration information to a terminal device, where the configuration information is used to indicate a timeslot offset of one or more reference signal resource sets. Therefore, the network device can flexibly send reference signals in different timeslots, thereby reducing a quantity of times of reference signal triggering and measurement result reporting, and improving efficiency of a communications system. | 1. A reference signal configuration method, comprising:
determining, by a network device, configuration information indicating a. timeslot offset of a reference signal resource set, wherein the reference signal resource set comprises at least one reference signal resource, and the reference signal resource indicates configuration of a reference signal, the reference signal is an aperiodic channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), a unit of the timeslot offset is a timeslot, the timeslot offset is an offset between a timeslot corresponding to the reference signal resource set and a reference timeslot, the reference timeslot is a timeslot in which a trigger indication sent by the network device is located, and the trigger indication is used to trigger a terminal device to perform following: receiving the reference signal and reporting a measurement result, wherein the trigger indication is received prior to receiving the reference signal and reporting the measurement result: and sending, by the network device, the configuration information to the terminal device, wherein the configuration information is included in a reference signal resource set configuration of higher layer signaling; sending, by the network device, on a time-frequency resource indicated by the configuration information, the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a maximum value of a timeslot offset of each reference signal resource set is not greater than a reporting capability value of the terminal device. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the sending, by the network device, on a time-frequency resource indicated by the configuration information, the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set, the method further comprises:
sending, by the network device, the trigger indication to the terminal device. 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising:
receiving, by the network device, the measurement result from the terminal device, wherein the measurement result is obtained by the terminal device by measuring the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set. 5. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program or instruction, and when the computer program or instruction is executed on a computer, the following operations are performed:
determining, configuration information indicating a timeslot offset of a reference signal resource set, wherein the reference signal resource set comprises at least one reference signal resource, and the reference signal resource indicates configuration of a reference signal, the reference signal is an aperiodic channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), a unit of the timeslot offset is a timeslot, the timeslot offset is an offset between a timeslot corresponding to the reference signal resource set and a reference timeslot, the reference timeslot is a timeslot in which a trigger indication sent by a network device is located, and the trigger indication is used to trigger a terminal device to perform following: receiving the reference signal and reporting a measurement result, wherein the trigger indication is received prior to receiving the reference signal and reporting a measurement result; and sending, the configuration information to the terminal device, wherein the configuration information is included in a reference signal resource set configuration of higher layer signaling; sending, on a time-frequency resource indicated by the configuration information, the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set. 6. The medium according to claim 5, wherein a maximum value of a timeslot offset of each reference signal resource set is not greater than a reporting capability value of the terminal device, 7. The medium according to claim 5, wherein before the sending, on a time-frequency resource indicated by the configuration information, the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set, the operations further comprise:
sending, the trigger indication to the terminal device. 8. The medium according to claim 7, wherein the operations further comprise receiving, the measurement result from the terminal device, wherein the measurement result is obtained by the terminal device by measuring the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set. 9. A computer program product, wherein the computer program product comprises an instruction, and when the computer program product runs on a computer, the computer performs the following operations:
determining, configuration information indicating a timeslot offset of a reference signal resource set, wherein the reference signal resource set comprises at least one reference signal resource, and the reference signal resource indicates configuration of a reference signal, the reference signal is an aperiodic channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), a unit of the timeslot offset is a timeslot, the timeslot offset is an offset between a timeslot corresponding to the reference signal resource set and a reference timeslot, the reference timeslot is a timeslot in which a trigger indication sent by a network device is located, and the trigger indication is used to trigger a terminal device to perform following: receiving the reference signal and reporting a measurement result, wherein the trigger indication is received prior to receiving the reference signal and reporting a measurement result; and sending, the configuration information to the terminal device, wherein the configuration information is included in a reference signal resource set configuration of higher layer signaling; sending, on a time-frequency resource indicated by the configuration information, the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set. 10. The computer program product according to claim 9, wherein a maximum value of a timeslot offset of each reference signal resource set is not greater than a reporting capability value of the terminal device. 11. The computer program product according to claim 9, wherein before the sending, on a time-frequency resource indicated by the configuration information, the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set, the operations further comprise:
sending, the trigger indication to the terminal device. 12. The computer program product according to claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise receiving, the measurement result from the terminal device, wherein the measurement result is obtained by the terminal device by measuring the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set. 13. A network device, comprising:
a memory; a processor, configured to: determine configuration information indicating a timeslot offset of a reference signal resource set, wherein the reference signal resource set comprises at least one reference signal resource, and the reference signal resource indicates configuration of a reference signal, the reference signal is an aperiodic channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), a unit of the timeslot offset is a timeslot, the timeslot offset is an offset between a timeslot corresponding to the reference signal resource set and a reference timeslot, the reference timeslot is a timeslot in which a trigger indication sent by the network device is located, and the trigger indication is used to trigger a terminal device to perform following: receiving the reference signal and reporting a measurement result, wherein the trigger indication is received prior to receiving the reference signal and reporting a measurement result; and send the configuration information to the terminal device, wherein the configuration information is included in a reference signal resource set configuration of higher layer signaling; send on a time-frequency resource indicated by the configuration information, the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set. 14. The network device according to claim 13, wherein a maximum value of a timeslot offset of each reference signal resource set is not greater than a reporting capability value of the terminal device. 15. The network device according to claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to send the trigger indication to the terminal device before sending on a time-frequency resource indicated by the configuration information, the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set. 16. The network device according to claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to receive the measurement result from the terminal device, wherein the measurement result is obtained by the terminal device by measuring the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set. | This application discloses a reference signal configuration method and apparatus. Before a network device sends reference signals aperiodically, the network device sends configuration information to a terminal device, where the configuration information is used to indicate a timeslot offset of one or more reference signal resource sets. Therefore, the network device can flexibly send reference signals in different timeslots, thereby reducing a quantity of times of reference signal triggering and measurement result reporting, and improving efficiency of a communications system.1. A reference signal configuration method, comprising:
determining, by a network device, configuration information indicating a. timeslot offset of a reference signal resource set, wherein the reference signal resource set comprises at least one reference signal resource, and the reference signal resource indicates configuration of a reference signal, the reference signal is an aperiodic channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), a unit of the timeslot offset is a timeslot, the timeslot offset is an offset between a timeslot corresponding to the reference signal resource set and a reference timeslot, the reference timeslot is a timeslot in which a trigger indication sent by the network device is located, and the trigger indication is used to trigger a terminal device to perform following: receiving the reference signal and reporting a measurement result, wherein the trigger indication is received prior to receiving the reference signal and reporting the measurement result: and sending, by the network device, the configuration information to the terminal device, wherein the configuration information is included in a reference signal resource set configuration of higher layer signaling; sending, by the network device, on a time-frequency resource indicated by the configuration information, the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a maximum value of a timeslot offset of each reference signal resource set is not greater than a reporting capability value of the terminal device. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the sending, by the network device, on a time-frequency resource indicated by the configuration information, the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set, the method further comprises:
sending, by the network device, the trigger indication to the terminal device. 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising:
receiving, by the network device, the measurement result from the terminal device, wherein the measurement result is obtained by the terminal device by measuring the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set. 5. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program or instruction, and when the computer program or instruction is executed on a computer, the following operations are performed:
determining, configuration information indicating a timeslot offset of a reference signal resource set, wherein the reference signal resource set comprises at least one reference signal resource, and the reference signal resource indicates configuration of a reference signal, the reference signal is an aperiodic channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), a unit of the timeslot offset is a timeslot, the timeslot offset is an offset between a timeslot corresponding to the reference signal resource set and a reference timeslot, the reference timeslot is a timeslot in which a trigger indication sent by a network device is located, and the trigger indication is used to trigger a terminal device to perform following: receiving the reference signal and reporting a measurement result, wherein the trigger indication is received prior to receiving the reference signal and reporting a measurement result; and sending, the configuration information to the terminal device, wherein the configuration information is included in a reference signal resource set configuration of higher layer signaling; sending, on a time-frequency resource indicated by the configuration information, the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set. 6. The medium according to claim 5, wherein a maximum value of a timeslot offset of each reference signal resource set is not greater than a reporting capability value of the terminal device, 7. The medium according to claim 5, wherein before the sending, on a time-frequency resource indicated by the configuration information, the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set, the operations further comprise:
sending, the trigger indication to the terminal device. 8. The medium according to claim 7, wherein the operations further comprise receiving, the measurement result from the terminal device, wherein the measurement result is obtained by the terminal device by measuring the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set. 9. A computer program product, wherein the computer program product comprises an instruction, and when the computer program product runs on a computer, the computer performs the following operations:
determining, configuration information indicating a timeslot offset of a reference signal resource set, wherein the reference signal resource set comprises at least one reference signal resource, and the reference signal resource indicates configuration of a reference signal, the reference signal is an aperiodic channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), a unit of the timeslot offset is a timeslot, the timeslot offset is an offset between a timeslot corresponding to the reference signal resource set and a reference timeslot, the reference timeslot is a timeslot in which a trigger indication sent by a network device is located, and the trigger indication is used to trigger a terminal device to perform following: receiving the reference signal and reporting a measurement result, wherein the trigger indication is received prior to receiving the reference signal and reporting a measurement result; and sending, the configuration information to the terminal device, wherein the configuration information is included in a reference signal resource set configuration of higher layer signaling; sending, on a time-frequency resource indicated by the configuration information, the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set. 10. The computer program product according to claim 9, wherein a maximum value of a timeslot offset of each reference signal resource set is not greater than a reporting capability value of the terminal device. 11. The computer program product according to claim 9, wherein before the sending, on a time-frequency resource indicated by the configuration information, the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set, the operations further comprise:
sending, the trigger indication to the terminal device. 12. The computer program product according to claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise receiving, the measurement result from the terminal device, wherein the measurement result is obtained by the terminal device by measuring the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set. 13. A network device, comprising:
a memory; a processor, configured to: determine configuration information indicating a timeslot offset of a reference signal resource set, wherein the reference signal resource set comprises at least one reference signal resource, and the reference signal resource indicates configuration of a reference signal, the reference signal is an aperiodic channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), a unit of the timeslot offset is a timeslot, the timeslot offset is an offset between a timeslot corresponding to the reference signal resource set and a reference timeslot, the reference timeslot is a timeslot in which a trigger indication sent by the network device is located, and the trigger indication is used to trigger a terminal device to perform following: receiving the reference signal and reporting a measurement result, wherein the trigger indication is received prior to receiving the reference signal and reporting a measurement result; and send the configuration information to the terminal device, wherein the configuration information is included in a reference signal resource set configuration of higher layer signaling; send on a time-frequency resource indicated by the configuration information, the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set. 14. The network device according to claim 13, wherein a maximum value of a timeslot offset of each reference signal resource set is not greater than a reporting capability value of the terminal device. 15. The network device according to claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to send the trigger indication to the terminal device before sending on a time-frequency resource indicated by the configuration information, the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set. 16. The network device according to claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to receive the measurement result from the terminal device, wherein the measurement result is obtained by the terminal device by measuring the reference signal indicated by the reference signal resource set. | 3,700 |
341,188 | 16,801,504 | 3,761 | Systems and methods described herein provide for pressure relief valve detection and monitoring. A valve assembly includes a striker and an indicator assembly separated by a diaphragm. The diaphragm may be elastically or permanently deformable. The striker may be connected to a relieve valve disk that releases in response to high fluid pressure at the valve. Movement of the striker may be detected by contact with the diaphragm or by sensors near the diaphragm, which may trigger the indicator assembly to provide an external indication of a valve opening. | 1. A valve assembly comprising:
a valve body having an inlet and an outlet; a valve seat insert attached to the valve body between the inlet and the outlet; an indicator assembly, including a sensor; a disk set within the valve seat insert; a stem extending from the disk toward the indicator assembly; and a diaphragm positioned between the stem and the indicator assembly, the diaphragm forming a barrier that seals an inner volume of the valve body from an outside environment,
wherein the valve seat insert is configured to release the disk when pressure at the inlet exceeds a threshold value,
wherein the disk is configured, when released, to move the stem into a position that is detected by the sensor,
wherein the indicator assembly is configured to provide an external indication of a valve opening when the stem is detected by the sensor, and
wherein the diaphragm is configured to seal an inner volume of the valve body from the indicator assembly. 2. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a frangible fuse,
wherein the disk is configured, when released, to move the stem to break the frangible fuse. 3. The valve assembly of claim 2, wherein the frangible fuse includes a substrate with an electrical trace formed thereon in a closed circuit, and wherein the electrical trace creates an open circuit when the frangible fuse is broken. 4. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein indicator assembly further includes a light source and a power source, and
wherein the external indication of the valve opening includes illumination of the light source. 5. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the indicator assembly further comprises a translucent or transparent cover. 6. The valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a cap body, wherein indicator assembly is configured to be secured to the cap body and the cap body is configured to attach to the valve body. 7. The valve assembly of claim 6, further comprising:
a spring positioned around the stem between the disk and the cap body to bias the disk into the valve seat insert. 8. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the indicator assembly further comprises logic to measure a time duration that the relief valve is released based on detection of the stem position. 9. The valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising a power source for the indicator assembly, wherein the power source includes one or more of a battery or a wired connection to a power source. 10. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the indicator assembly further includes a communication interface to generate a signal, to an external device, that indicates when the stern is detected by the sensor. 11. The valve assembly of claim 10, wherein the signal is a wireless signal that is transmitted over one or more of:
a wireless cellular network, a local wireless network, or a personal area network. 12. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the sensor includes a strain gage mounted to the diaphragm,
wherein the disk and stem are configured to cause the stern contact the diaphragm when the disk is released from the valve seat, and wherein the indicator assembly is configured to provide external indication of the valve opening when the strain gage detects the contact with the diaphragm. 13. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the sensor includes a pressure sensor,
wherein the valve body is configured to increase an internal pressure of the inner volume when the disk is released, and wherein the indicator assembly is configured to form an active circuit between the power source and the light source when the pressure sensor detects the increase in the internal pressure. 14. A valve assembly comprising:
a valve body having an inlet and an outlet; a valve seat insert attached to the valve body between the inlet and the outlet; an indicator assembly; a disk set within the valve seat insert; a stern extending between the disk and the indicator assembly; and a sensor configured to identify a release of the disk from the valve seat insert,
wherein the valve seat insert is configured to release the disk when pressure at the inlet exceeds a threshold value,
wherein the disk is configured, when released, to move the stem into a position that is detected by the sensor,
wherein the indicator assembly is configured to indicate a valve opening event when the stern is detected by the sensor. 15. The valve assembly of claim 14, further comprising a spring, positioned about the stem between the disk and the indicator assembly, to bias the disk into the valve seat insert,
wherein the sensor includes a strain gage affixed to the spring, wherein the disk is configured, when released, to compress the spring, and wherein the indicator assembly is configured to form an active circuit signal the valve opening event when the spring is compressed by the disk. 16. The valve assembly of claim 14, wherein stern includes a first portion with a firs diameter and a second portion with a second diameter,
wherein the sensor includes a mechanical trigger biased against the first portion, and wherein the disk is configured, when released, to move the stem so that the trigger is biased against the second portion. 17. The valve assembly of claim 14, further comprising a proximity target mounted to the stem,
wherein the sensor includes a proximity sensor adjacent the stem, and wherein the disk is configured, when released, to move the stern so that the proximity target is proximate to and detected by the proximity sensor. 18. The valve assembly of claim 14, further comprising a magnet mounted to the stem,
wherein the sensor includes a magnetic sensor, and wherein the disk is configured, when released, to move the stem so that at least a portion of the magnet is proximate to and detected by the magnetic sensor. 19. A method, comprising:
providing a relief valve having a movable disk with a stem, wherein the disk is configured to be initially seated within a valve seat insert; providing a sensor mounted in the relief valve and separated from the stem; and providing an electrical circuit and indicator linked with the sensor, wherein, upon release of fluid pressure through the valve, the disk moves and the sensor detects movement of the stem to indicate a valve opening event. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the sensor includes an acoustic sensor or vibration sensor which is configured to detect the valve opening event. | Systems and methods described herein provide for pressure relief valve detection and monitoring. A valve assembly includes a striker and an indicator assembly separated by a diaphragm. The diaphragm may be elastically or permanently deformable. The striker may be connected to a relieve valve disk that releases in response to high fluid pressure at the valve. Movement of the striker may be detected by contact with the diaphragm or by sensors near the diaphragm, which may trigger the indicator assembly to provide an external indication of a valve opening.1. A valve assembly comprising:
a valve body having an inlet and an outlet; a valve seat insert attached to the valve body between the inlet and the outlet; an indicator assembly, including a sensor; a disk set within the valve seat insert; a stem extending from the disk toward the indicator assembly; and a diaphragm positioned between the stem and the indicator assembly, the diaphragm forming a barrier that seals an inner volume of the valve body from an outside environment,
wherein the valve seat insert is configured to release the disk when pressure at the inlet exceeds a threshold value,
wherein the disk is configured, when released, to move the stem into a position that is detected by the sensor,
wherein the indicator assembly is configured to provide an external indication of a valve opening when the stem is detected by the sensor, and
wherein the diaphragm is configured to seal an inner volume of the valve body from the indicator assembly. 2. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a frangible fuse,
wherein the disk is configured, when released, to move the stem to break the frangible fuse. 3. The valve assembly of claim 2, wherein the frangible fuse includes a substrate with an electrical trace formed thereon in a closed circuit, and wherein the electrical trace creates an open circuit when the frangible fuse is broken. 4. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein indicator assembly further includes a light source and a power source, and
wherein the external indication of the valve opening includes illumination of the light source. 5. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the indicator assembly further comprises a translucent or transparent cover. 6. The valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
a cap body, wherein indicator assembly is configured to be secured to the cap body and the cap body is configured to attach to the valve body. 7. The valve assembly of claim 6, further comprising:
a spring positioned around the stem between the disk and the cap body to bias the disk into the valve seat insert. 8. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the indicator assembly further comprises logic to measure a time duration that the relief valve is released based on detection of the stem position. 9. The valve assembly of claim 1, further comprising a power source for the indicator assembly, wherein the power source includes one or more of a battery or a wired connection to a power source. 10. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the indicator assembly further includes a communication interface to generate a signal, to an external device, that indicates when the stern is detected by the sensor. 11. The valve assembly of claim 10, wherein the signal is a wireless signal that is transmitted over one or more of:
a wireless cellular network, a local wireless network, or a personal area network. 12. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the sensor includes a strain gage mounted to the diaphragm,
wherein the disk and stem are configured to cause the stern contact the diaphragm when the disk is released from the valve seat, and wherein the indicator assembly is configured to provide external indication of the valve opening when the strain gage detects the contact with the diaphragm. 13. The valve assembly of claim 1, wherein the sensor includes a pressure sensor,
wherein the valve body is configured to increase an internal pressure of the inner volume when the disk is released, and wherein the indicator assembly is configured to form an active circuit between the power source and the light source when the pressure sensor detects the increase in the internal pressure. 14. A valve assembly comprising:
a valve body having an inlet and an outlet; a valve seat insert attached to the valve body between the inlet and the outlet; an indicator assembly; a disk set within the valve seat insert; a stern extending between the disk and the indicator assembly; and a sensor configured to identify a release of the disk from the valve seat insert,
wherein the valve seat insert is configured to release the disk when pressure at the inlet exceeds a threshold value,
wherein the disk is configured, when released, to move the stem into a position that is detected by the sensor,
wherein the indicator assembly is configured to indicate a valve opening event when the stern is detected by the sensor. 15. The valve assembly of claim 14, further comprising a spring, positioned about the stem between the disk and the indicator assembly, to bias the disk into the valve seat insert,
wherein the sensor includes a strain gage affixed to the spring, wherein the disk is configured, when released, to compress the spring, and wherein the indicator assembly is configured to form an active circuit signal the valve opening event when the spring is compressed by the disk. 16. The valve assembly of claim 14, wherein stern includes a first portion with a firs diameter and a second portion with a second diameter,
wherein the sensor includes a mechanical trigger biased against the first portion, and wherein the disk is configured, when released, to move the stem so that the trigger is biased against the second portion. 17. The valve assembly of claim 14, further comprising a proximity target mounted to the stem,
wherein the sensor includes a proximity sensor adjacent the stem, and wherein the disk is configured, when released, to move the stern so that the proximity target is proximate to and detected by the proximity sensor. 18. The valve assembly of claim 14, further comprising a magnet mounted to the stem,
wherein the sensor includes a magnetic sensor, and wherein the disk is configured, when released, to move the stem so that at least a portion of the magnet is proximate to and detected by the magnetic sensor. 19. A method, comprising:
providing a relief valve having a movable disk with a stem, wherein the disk is configured to be initially seated within a valve seat insert; providing a sensor mounted in the relief valve and separated from the stem; and providing an electrical circuit and indicator linked with the sensor, wherein, upon release of fluid pressure through the valve, the disk moves and the sensor detects movement of the stem to indicate a valve opening event. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the sensor includes an acoustic sensor or vibration sensor which is configured to detect the valve opening event. | 3,700 |
341,189 | 16,801,521 | 3,761 | Seal plates are typically mounted over stringer-receiving openings in aircraft ribs. A sealing tool for sealing a stringer-receiving opening in an aircraft rib is disclosed. The sealing tool includes a seal member arranged to seal a gap formed by the opening between the stringer and the rib. An intermediate member is configured to be adjustably mounted on the rib. The adjustable member receives and aligns the seal member over the gap. | 1. A sealing tool for sealing a stringer-receiving opening in an aircraft rib, the sealing tool comprising:
a seal member arranged to seal a gap formed by the opening between the stringer and the rib; and an intermediate member configured to be adjustably mounted on the rib; wherein the intermediate member is arranged to receive and align the seal member over the gap. 2. The sealing tool of claim 1, wherein the seal member is configured to be adjustably mounted on the intermediate member. 3. The sealing tool of claim 2, wherein the intermediate member is configured to constrain sliding of the seal member on the intermediate member when the seal member is received on the intermediate member. 4. The sealing tool of claim 3, wherein the intermediate member is configured to constrain sliding of the seal member on the intermediate member to one direction when the seal member is on the intermediate member. 5. The sealing tool of claim 1, wherein the seal member comprises a seal carrier and a seal. 6. (canceled) 7. The sealing tool of claim 1, comprising an alignment member, wherein the intermediate member is configured to alternately receive the seal member and the alignment member, wherein the alignment member is configured to be received by the intermediate member to aid alignment of the intermediate member on the rib. 8. The sealing tool of claim 1, comprising a mount configured to mount the intermediate member on the rib and the seal member on the intermediate member. 9. The sealing tool of claim 8, wherein the mount is configured to selectably fix the intermediate member in a position on the rib. 10. The sealing tool of claim 9, wherein the mount comprises an intermediate member fixing configured to fix the intermediate member on the rib, wherein the intermediate member fixing is adjustable between at least two of a fixed condition in which the intermediate member is fixed in a position on the rib; a guide condition in which the intermediate member is restrained by the intermediate member fixing and movable relative to the rib; and an unfixed condition in which the intermediate member is removable from the rib. 11. The sealing tool of claim 9, wherein the mount is configured to selectably fix the seal member in a position on the intermediate member independently of the mount being configured to selectably fix the intermediate member in a position on the rib. 12. The sealing tool of claim 11, wherein the mount comprises a seal member fixing configured to fix the seal member on the intermediate member, wherein the seal member fixing is adjustable between at least two of: a fixed condition in which the seal member is fixed in a position on the intermediate member; a guide condition in which the seal member is movable relative to the intermediate member in a constrained manner; and an unfixed condition in which the seal member is removable from the intermediate member. 13. The sealing tool of claim 8, wherein the mount comprises at least two guide members configured to protrude from the intermediate member. 14. The sealing tool of claim 13, wherein the intermediate member is configured to slide along the rib about the guide members. 15. The sealing tool of claim 14, comprising guide holes in the intermediate member through which the guide members are configured to extend, wherein at least one dimension of each of the guide holes is greater than the corresponding dimension of each of the guide members to allow relative movement of the guide members in the guide holes. 16. The sealing tool of claim 15, wherein the guide members are configured to be received through mounting holes in the rib. 17. The sealing tool of claim 13, wherein each guide member comprises a shoulder, wherein the intermediate member is configured to be received between the shoulders and the rib. 18. The sealing tool of claim 17, comprising at least one recess in at least one of the intermediate member and the seal member configured to receive the shoulders. 19. The sealing tool of claim 16, wherein the guide holes in the intermediate member are guide slots, and the mounting holes in the rib are mounting slots. 20. The sealing tool of claim 19, wherein the guide slots are configured to extend transverse to the mounting slots when the guide members extend through the mounting slots and the intermediate member guide slots. 21. A seal assembly for sealing a stringer-receiving opening in an aircraft rib, the seal assembly comprising:
an intermediate member on the rib; and a seal member on the intermediate member, the seal assembly sealing a gap formed by the opening between the stringer and the rib; wherein the intermediate member receives and aligns the seal member over the gap. 22. An aircraft assembly comprising:
a rib having an opening between two rib feet; a stringer received in and extending through the opening; and a seal assembly comprising:
an intermediate member on the rib; and
a seal member on the intermediate member;
wherein the intermediate member receives and aligns the seal member over the gap, the sealing assembly sealing a gap formed by the opening between the stringer and the rib. 23. (canceled) 24. A method of sealing a stringer-receiving opening in an aircraft rib with a sealing tool;
the sealing tool comprising an intermediate member, a seal member on the intermediate member, and a mount; 25. The method of claim 24, comprising using an alignment member to align the intermediate member prior to fixing the intermediate member on the rib. | Seal plates are typically mounted over stringer-receiving openings in aircraft ribs. A sealing tool for sealing a stringer-receiving opening in an aircraft rib is disclosed. The sealing tool includes a seal member arranged to seal a gap formed by the opening between the stringer and the rib. An intermediate member is configured to be adjustably mounted on the rib. The adjustable member receives and aligns the seal member over the gap.1. A sealing tool for sealing a stringer-receiving opening in an aircraft rib, the sealing tool comprising:
a seal member arranged to seal a gap formed by the opening between the stringer and the rib; and an intermediate member configured to be adjustably mounted on the rib; wherein the intermediate member is arranged to receive and align the seal member over the gap. 2. The sealing tool of claim 1, wherein the seal member is configured to be adjustably mounted on the intermediate member. 3. The sealing tool of claim 2, wherein the intermediate member is configured to constrain sliding of the seal member on the intermediate member when the seal member is received on the intermediate member. 4. The sealing tool of claim 3, wherein the intermediate member is configured to constrain sliding of the seal member on the intermediate member to one direction when the seal member is on the intermediate member. 5. The sealing tool of claim 1, wherein the seal member comprises a seal carrier and a seal. 6. (canceled) 7. The sealing tool of claim 1, comprising an alignment member, wherein the intermediate member is configured to alternately receive the seal member and the alignment member, wherein the alignment member is configured to be received by the intermediate member to aid alignment of the intermediate member on the rib. 8. The sealing tool of claim 1, comprising a mount configured to mount the intermediate member on the rib and the seal member on the intermediate member. 9. The sealing tool of claim 8, wherein the mount is configured to selectably fix the intermediate member in a position on the rib. 10. The sealing tool of claim 9, wherein the mount comprises an intermediate member fixing configured to fix the intermediate member on the rib, wherein the intermediate member fixing is adjustable between at least two of a fixed condition in which the intermediate member is fixed in a position on the rib; a guide condition in which the intermediate member is restrained by the intermediate member fixing and movable relative to the rib; and an unfixed condition in which the intermediate member is removable from the rib. 11. The sealing tool of claim 9, wherein the mount is configured to selectably fix the seal member in a position on the intermediate member independently of the mount being configured to selectably fix the intermediate member in a position on the rib. 12. The sealing tool of claim 11, wherein the mount comprises a seal member fixing configured to fix the seal member on the intermediate member, wherein the seal member fixing is adjustable between at least two of: a fixed condition in which the seal member is fixed in a position on the intermediate member; a guide condition in which the seal member is movable relative to the intermediate member in a constrained manner; and an unfixed condition in which the seal member is removable from the intermediate member. 13. The sealing tool of claim 8, wherein the mount comprises at least two guide members configured to protrude from the intermediate member. 14. The sealing tool of claim 13, wherein the intermediate member is configured to slide along the rib about the guide members. 15. The sealing tool of claim 14, comprising guide holes in the intermediate member through which the guide members are configured to extend, wherein at least one dimension of each of the guide holes is greater than the corresponding dimension of each of the guide members to allow relative movement of the guide members in the guide holes. 16. The sealing tool of claim 15, wherein the guide members are configured to be received through mounting holes in the rib. 17. The sealing tool of claim 13, wherein each guide member comprises a shoulder, wherein the intermediate member is configured to be received between the shoulders and the rib. 18. The sealing tool of claim 17, comprising at least one recess in at least one of the intermediate member and the seal member configured to receive the shoulders. 19. The sealing tool of claim 16, wherein the guide holes in the intermediate member are guide slots, and the mounting holes in the rib are mounting slots. 20. The sealing tool of claim 19, wherein the guide slots are configured to extend transverse to the mounting slots when the guide members extend through the mounting slots and the intermediate member guide slots. 21. A seal assembly for sealing a stringer-receiving opening in an aircraft rib, the seal assembly comprising:
an intermediate member on the rib; and a seal member on the intermediate member, the seal assembly sealing a gap formed by the opening between the stringer and the rib; wherein the intermediate member receives and aligns the seal member over the gap. 22. An aircraft assembly comprising:
a rib having an opening between two rib feet; a stringer received in and extending through the opening; and a seal assembly comprising:
an intermediate member on the rib; and
a seal member on the intermediate member;
wherein the intermediate member receives and aligns the seal member over the gap, the sealing assembly sealing a gap formed by the opening between the stringer and the rib. 23. (canceled) 24. A method of sealing a stringer-receiving opening in an aircraft rib with a sealing tool;
the sealing tool comprising an intermediate member, a seal member on the intermediate member, and a mount; 25. The method of claim 24, comprising using an alignment member to align the intermediate member prior to fixing the intermediate member on the rib. | 3,700 |
341,190 | 16,801,506 | 3,761 | The present disclosure describes aspects of codeword interleaving for magnetic storage media. In some aspects, segments of a codeword are spread or interleaved across multiple sectors of magnetic storage media. Data for one or more codewords may be received by a read channel and, for each codeword, a respective indicator is selected or received. The indicator may indicate which partitions of the multiple sectors that segments of one of the codewords are to be written. The data is then encoded to provide the codewords and segments of the codewords are placed in an interleaver based on the respective indicator corresponding to the codeword. The codeword segments are written from the interleaver to partitions of the multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media. By so doing, codewords may be spread across multiple sectors, such that a loss of a few sectors does not prevent readback and decoding of the codewords. | 1. A method for improving reliability of data written to magnetic storage media, comprising:
receiving data for one or more codewords to be written to a set of multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media; selecting, for each of for the one or more codewords, a respective indicator that indicates within which partitions of the multiple sectors the segments of the codeword are to be written; encoding the data to provide one or more codewords of encoded data; placing the segments of the one or more codewords into an interleaver based on the respective indicator corresponding to each of the codewords; and writing, from the interleaver, the segments of each of the one or more codewords to the partitions of at least some of the multiple sectors to interleave the respective segments of the codewords across the set of multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the respective indicators that correspond to each codeword include pre-defined indices and the method further comprises receiving, from a storage media controller, an indication of which pre-defined index corresponds to at least one of the codewords. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining, for at least one of the codewords, a location index for where the segments of the codeword are to be written to respective partitions of the at least some of the multiple sectors. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
receiving, from a storage media controller, a write signal that indicates a start of one of the multiple sectors; determining, based on the location index for the at least one codeword, that one of the segments of the codeword is to be written to one of the partitions of the sector; and writing, based on the write signal and the location index, one of the segments of the codeword to the partition of the sector for which the write signal is received. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
receiving, from a storage media controller, a write signal that indicates a start of one of the multiple sectors; determining, based on the location index for the at least one codeword, that one of the segments of the codeword is not to be written to one of the partitions of the sector; and blocking, based on the location index of the codeword, the write signal to prevent writing of the partition of the sector to which one of the segments of the codeword is not to be written. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the set of multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media include consecutive sectors of the magnetic storage media; and writing the segments of the one or more codewords to partitions includes writing segments of at least one of the codewords to nonconsecutive sectors of the multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the set of multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media include consecutive sectors of the magnetic storage media; and writing the segments of the one or more codewords to partitions includes writing segments of at least one of the codewords to consecutive sectors of the multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein writing the respective segments of the one or more codewords to the partitions of the multiple sectors includes writing segments of at least one of the codewords to each sector of the set of the multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media. 9. An apparatus for improved data storage reliability, comprising:
an interface to receive data from a host; a disk of magnetic storage media arranged in sectors to store the data; an interleave buffer configured to buffer segments of codewords for writing to the sectors of the magnetic storage media; and an interleaver configured to:
receive, from the host device, data that corresponds to one or more codewords to be stored by a set of multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media;
select, for each of the one or more codewords, a respective indicator indicating within which partitions of the multiple sectors that segments of the codeword are to be written;
encode the data for the one or more codewords to provide one or more codewords of encoded data;
place, into the interleave buffer, segments of the one or more codewords based on the respective indicator corresponding to each of the codewords; and
write, from the interleave buffer, the segments of the one or more codewords to the partitions of at least some of the multiple sectors to interleave the respective segments of the codewords across the set of multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the interleaver is further configured to determine, for at least one of the codewords, a location index for where the segments of the codeword are to be written to respective ones of the partitions of the multiple sectors. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:
a storage media controller configured to generate a write signal that indicates a start of one of the multiple sectors, and wherein: the interleaver is further configured to:
determine, based on the location index for the at least one codeword, that one of the segments of the codeword is to be written to one of the partitions of the sector; and
write, based on the write signal and the location index, one of the segments of the at least one codeword to the partition of the sector for which the write signal is received. 12. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:
a storage media controller configured to generate a write signal that indicates a start of one of the multiple sectors, and wherein: the interleaver is further configured to:
determine, based on the location index for the at least one codeword, that one of the segments of the codeword is not to be written to one of the partitions of the sector; and
block, based on the location index, the write signal to prevent writing of the partition of the sector to which one of the segments of the at least one codeword is not to be written. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a storage media controller configured to:
group the multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media as an interleaved sector group; provide, to the interleaver, data for a set of codewords that corresponds to the interleaved sector group, the data for the set of codewords including the data for the one or more codewords; and provide, to the interleaver and for each codeword of the set of codewords, an indication of the respective indicator that corresponds to the codeword to enable the interleaver to select the respective indicator to interleave the segments of the codeword. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the interleaved sector group includes a number of sectors that is equal to or greater than a number of the one or more codewords with which the interleaved sector group corresponds. 15. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein:
the segments of the one or more codewords are written to respective partitions of consecutive ones of the multiple sectors; or the segments of the one or more codewords are written to respective partitions of non-consecutive ones of the multiple sectors. 16. A System-on-Chip (SoC) comprising:
an interface to a storage media controller from which data is received for writing to magnetic storage media; an interface to a media writer of the magnetic storage media; an interleave buffer configured to buffer segments of codewords for writing to sectors of the magnetic storage media; and an interleaver configured to:
receive, from the storage media controller, data that corresponds to one or more codewords to be written to a set of multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media;
receive, from the storage media controller, respective indicators indicating which partitions of the multiple sectors that segments of each of the codewords are to be written;
encode the data for the one or more codewords to provide one or more codewords of encoded data;
place, into the interleave buffer, segments of the one or more codewords based on the respective indicator corresponding to each of the codewords; and
write, from the interleave buffer and with the media writer, the segments of the one or more codewords to the partitions of at least some of the multiple sectors to interleave the respective segments of the codewords across the set of multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media. 17. The SoC of claim 16, wherein the interleaver is further configured to determine, for at least one of the codewords, a location index for where the segments of the codeword are to be written to respective ones of the partitions of the multiple sectors. 18. The SoC of claim 17, wherein the interleaver is further configured to:
receive, from the storage media controller, a write signal that indicates a start of one of the multiple sectors; determine, based on the location index for the at least one codeword, that one of the segments of the codeword is to be written to one of the partitions of the sector; and write, based on the write signal and the location index, one of the segments of the at least one codeword to the partition of the sector for which the write signal is received. 19. The SoC of claim 17, wherein the interleaver is further configured to:
receive, from the storage media controller, a write signal that indicates a start of one of the multiple sectors; determine, based on the location index for the at least one codeword, that one of the segments of the codeword is not to be written to one of the partitions of the sector; and block, based on the location index, the write signal to prevent writing of the partition of the sector to which one of the segments of the at least one codeword is not to be written. 20. The SoC of claim 16, wherein:
the segments of the one or more codewords are written to respective partitions of consecutive ones of the multiple sectors; or the segments of the one or more codewords are written to respective partitions of non-consecutive ones of the multiple sectors. | The present disclosure describes aspects of codeword interleaving for magnetic storage media. In some aspects, segments of a codeword are spread or interleaved across multiple sectors of magnetic storage media. Data for one or more codewords may be received by a read channel and, for each codeword, a respective indicator is selected or received. The indicator may indicate which partitions of the multiple sectors that segments of one of the codewords are to be written. The data is then encoded to provide the codewords and segments of the codewords are placed in an interleaver based on the respective indicator corresponding to the codeword. The codeword segments are written from the interleaver to partitions of the multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media. By so doing, codewords may be spread across multiple sectors, such that a loss of a few sectors does not prevent readback and decoding of the codewords.1. A method for improving reliability of data written to magnetic storage media, comprising:
receiving data for one or more codewords to be written to a set of multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media; selecting, for each of for the one or more codewords, a respective indicator that indicates within which partitions of the multiple sectors the segments of the codeword are to be written; encoding the data to provide one or more codewords of encoded data; placing the segments of the one or more codewords into an interleaver based on the respective indicator corresponding to each of the codewords; and writing, from the interleaver, the segments of each of the one or more codewords to the partitions of at least some of the multiple sectors to interleave the respective segments of the codewords across the set of multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the respective indicators that correspond to each codeword include pre-defined indices and the method further comprises receiving, from a storage media controller, an indication of which pre-defined index corresponds to at least one of the codewords. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining, for at least one of the codewords, a location index for where the segments of the codeword are to be written to respective partitions of the at least some of the multiple sectors. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
receiving, from a storage media controller, a write signal that indicates a start of one of the multiple sectors; determining, based on the location index for the at least one codeword, that one of the segments of the codeword is to be written to one of the partitions of the sector; and writing, based on the write signal and the location index, one of the segments of the codeword to the partition of the sector for which the write signal is received. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
receiving, from a storage media controller, a write signal that indicates a start of one of the multiple sectors; determining, based on the location index for the at least one codeword, that one of the segments of the codeword is not to be written to one of the partitions of the sector; and blocking, based on the location index of the codeword, the write signal to prevent writing of the partition of the sector to which one of the segments of the codeword is not to be written. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the set of multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media include consecutive sectors of the magnetic storage media; and writing the segments of the one or more codewords to partitions includes writing segments of at least one of the codewords to nonconsecutive sectors of the multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the set of multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media include consecutive sectors of the magnetic storage media; and writing the segments of the one or more codewords to partitions includes writing segments of at least one of the codewords to consecutive sectors of the multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein writing the respective segments of the one or more codewords to the partitions of the multiple sectors includes writing segments of at least one of the codewords to each sector of the set of the multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media. 9. An apparatus for improved data storage reliability, comprising:
an interface to receive data from a host; a disk of magnetic storage media arranged in sectors to store the data; an interleave buffer configured to buffer segments of codewords for writing to the sectors of the magnetic storage media; and an interleaver configured to:
receive, from the host device, data that corresponds to one or more codewords to be stored by a set of multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media;
select, for each of the one or more codewords, a respective indicator indicating within which partitions of the multiple sectors that segments of the codeword are to be written;
encode the data for the one or more codewords to provide one or more codewords of encoded data;
place, into the interleave buffer, segments of the one or more codewords based on the respective indicator corresponding to each of the codewords; and
write, from the interleave buffer, the segments of the one or more codewords to the partitions of at least some of the multiple sectors to interleave the respective segments of the codewords across the set of multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the interleaver is further configured to determine, for at least one of the codewords, a location index for where the segments of the codeword are to be written to respective ones of the partitions of the multiple sectors. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:
a storage media controller configured to generate a write signal that indicates a start of one of the multiple sectors, and wherein: the interleaver is further configured to:
determine, based on the location index for the at least one codeword, that one of the segments of the codeword is to be written to one of the partitions of the sector; and
write, based on the write signal and the location index, one of the segments of the at least one codeword to the partition of the sector for which the write signal is received. 12. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:
a storage media controller configured to generate a write signal that indicates a start of one of the multiple sectors, and wherein: the interleaver is further configured to:
determine, based on the location index for the at least one codeword, that one of the segments of the codeword is not to be written to one of the partitions of the sector; and
block, based on the location index, the write signal to prevent writing of the partition of the sector to which one of the segments of the at least one codeword is not to be written. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a storage media controller configured to:
group the multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media as an interleaved sector group; provide, to the interleaver, data for a set of codewords that corresponds to the interleaved sector group, the data for the set of codewords including the data for the one or more codewords; and provide, to the interleaver and for each codeword of the set of codewords, an indication of the respective indicator that corresponds to the codeword to enable the interleaver to select the respective indicator to interleave the segments of the codeword. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the interleaved sector group includes a number of sectors that is equal to or greater than a number of the one or more codewords with which the interleaved sector group corresponds. 15. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein:
the segments of the one or more codewords are written to respective partitions of consecutive ones of the multiple sectors; or the segments of the one or more codewords are written to respective partitions of non-consecutive ones of the multiple sectors. 16. A System-on-Chip (SoC) comprising:
an interface to a storage media controller from which data is received for writing to magnetic storage media; an interface to a media writer of the magnetic storage media; an interleave buffer configured to buffer segments of codewords for writing to sectors of the magnetic storage media; and an interleaver configured to:
receive, from the storage media controller, data that corresponds to one or more codewords to be written to a set of multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media;
receive, from the storage media controller, respective indicators indicating which partitions of the multiple sectors that segments of each of the codewords are to be written;
encode the data for the one or more codewords to provide one or more codewords of encoded data;
place, into the interleave buffer, segments of the one or more codewords based on the respective indicator corresponding to each of the codewords; and
write, from the interleave buffer and with the media writer, the segments of the one or more codewords to the partitions of at least some of the multiple sectors to interleave the respective segments of the codewords across the set of multiple sectors of the magnetic storage media. 17. The SoC of claim 16, wherein the interleaver is further configured to determine, for at least one of the codewords, a location index for where the segments of the codeword are to be written to respective ones of the partitions of the multiple sectors. 18. The SoC of claim 17, wherein the interleaver is further configured to:
receive, from the storage media controller, a write signal that indicates a start of one of the multiple sectors; determine, based on the location index for the at least one codeword, that one of the segments of the codeword is to be written to one of the partitions of the sector; and write, based on the write signal and the location index, one of the segments of the at least one codeword to the partition of the sector for which the write signal is received. 19. The SoC of claim 17, wherein the interleaver is further configured to:
receive, from the storage media controller, a write signal that indicates a start of one of the multiple sectors; determine, based on the location index for the at least one codeword, that one of the segments of the codeword is not to be written to one of the partitions of the sector; and block, based on the location index, the write signal to prevent writing of the partition of the sector to which one of the segments of the at least one codeword is not to be written. 20. The SoC of claim 16, wherein:
the segments of the one or more codewords are written to respective partitions of consecutive ones of the multiple sectors; or the segments of the one or more codewords are written to respective partitions of non-consecutive ones of the multiple sectors. | 3,700 |
341,191 | 16,801,524 | 3,761 | The invention is a high heel shoe with an upper that will provide comfort and flexibility for the wearer. In a preferred embodiment the upper consists of two at least two materials: 1) a firm fabric, such as leather, that will hold the shape of the design and have limited flexibility; 2) a flat knitted elastic, such as knit elastic, which will not narrow, or not narrow significantly, when stretched. In addition, the firm fabric is configured to have a flex-point and in a preferred embodiment is formed of two pieces of the firm material having a “split” between them providing the desired flex-point. | 1. A shoe comprising:
an insole; an outsole; and an upper, said upper comprising:
a toe-end and a heel-end, said toe end and said heel end constructed with a flex-point located between said toe-end and said heel-end along an inside wall, relative to an opposite shoe, of the upper, which flex-point enables flexion to occur between said toe-end and said heel-end; and
an elastic element coupling said toe-end and said heel-end such that said elastic element urges said toe-end and said heel-end towards each other. 2. The shoe according to claim 1, wherein the flex-point comprises a split-opening between said heel-end and said toe-end, defining a first edge of said heel-end adjacent to and overlapping a second edge of said toe-end. 3. The shoe according to claim 2, wherein the first edge and the second edge are connected to each other along a lower portion of the first and second edges. | The invention is a high heel shoe with an upper that will provide comfort and flexibility for the wearer. In a preferred embodiment the upper consists of two at least two materials: 1) a firm fabric, such as leather, that will hold the shape of the design and have limited flexibility; 2) a flat knitted elastic, such as knit elastic, which will not narrow, or not narrow significantly, when stretched. In addition, the firm fabric is configured to have a flex-point and in a preferred embodiment is formed of two pieces of the firm material having a “split” between them providing the desired flex-point.1. A shoe comprising:
an insole; an outsole; and an upper, said upper comprising:
a toe-end and a heel-end, said toe end and said heel end constructed with a flex-point located between said toe-end and said heel-end along an inside wall, relative to an opposite shoe, of the upper, which flex-point enables flexion to occur between said toe-end and said heel-end; and
an elastic element coupling said toe-end and said heel-end such that said elastic element urges said toe-end and said heel-end towards each other. 2. The shoe according to claim 1, wherein the flex-point comprises a split-opening between said heel-end and said toe-end, defining a first edge of said heel-end adjacent to and overlapping a second edge of said toe-end. 3. The shoe according to claim 2, wherein the first edge and the second edge are connected to each other along a lower portion of the first and second edges. | 3,700 |
341,192 | 16,801,508 | 2,891 | A semiconductor device includes a substrate including a recess, a first gate insulation layer on a lower sidewall and a bottom of the recess, the first gate insulation layer including an insulation material having hysteresis characteristics, a first gate electrode on the first gate insulation layer inside the recess, a second gate electrode contacting the first gate electrode in the recess, the second gate electrode including a material different from a material of the first gate electrode, and impurity regions on the substrate and adjacent to sidewalls of the recess, bottoms of the impurity regions being higher than a bottom of the second gate electrode relative to a bottom of the substrate. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate including a recess; a first gate insulation layer on a lower sidewall and a bottom of the recess, the first gate insulation layer including an insulation material having hysteresis characteristics; a first gate electrode on the first gate insulation layer inside the recess; a second gate electrode contacting the first gate electrode in the recess, the second gate electrode including a material different from a material of the first gate electrode; and impurity regions on the substrate and adjacent to sidewalls of the recess, bottoms of the impurity regions being higher than a bottom of the second gate electrode relative to a bottom of the substrate. 2. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first gate insulation layer includes a ferroelectric material. 3. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first gate insulation layer includes at least one of hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium-doped zirconium oxide, yttrium-doped hafnium oxide, magnesium-doped zirconium oxide, magnesium-doped hafnium oxide, silicon-doped hafnium oxide, silicon-doped zirconium oxide, and barium-doped titanium oxide. 4. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an interface insulation layer between a surface of the recess and the first gate insulation layer, the interface insulation layer including silicon oxide. 5. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 4, wherein a first thickness of the interface insulation layer is less than a second thickness of the first gate insulation layer. 6. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a second gate insulation layer including silicon oxide, the second gate insulation layer being between the recess and the second gate electrode. 7. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 6, wherein a thickness of the second gate insulation layer is thicker than a thickness of the first gate insulation layer. 8. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first gate electrode includes a metal. 9. (canceled) 10. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second gate electrode includes a material having a work function different from a work function of the first gate electrode. 11. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 10, wherein a difference between the work function of the second gate electrode and a work function of the impurity region is less than a difference between the work function of the first gate electrode and the work function of the impurity region. 12.-15. (canceled) 16. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semiconductor device includes a transistor, the transistor having one of a first threshold voltage and a second threshold voltage different from the first threshold voltage depending on a voltage level of the first gate electrode. 17. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 16, wherein:
the transistor has the first threshold voltage in a turn-off state of the transistor, and the second threshold voltage in a turn-on state of the transistor, and the first threshold voltage is higher than the second threshold voltage. 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a transistor including:
an interface insulation layer on a substrate, the interface insulation layer having a first thickness,
a first gate insulation layer on the interface insulation layer, the first gate insulation layer having a second thickness greater than the first thickness, and including an insulation material having a hysteresis characteristic;
a first gate electrode on the first gate insulation layer, and
impurity regions on the substrate and adjacent to sidewalls of the first gate electrode,
wherein the transistor has one of a first threshold voltage and a second threshold voltage different from the first threshold voltage depending on a voltage level of the first gate electrode. 21. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 20, wherein the first gate insulation layer includes a ferroelectric material. 22. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 20, wherein the interface insulation layer includes silicon oxide. 23. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 20, further comprising a capacitor electrically connected to one of the impurity regions. 24. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 20, wherein:
the transistor has the first threshold voltage in a turn off state of the transistor, and the second threshold voltage in a turn on state, and the first threshold voltage is higher than the second threshold voltage. 25. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a transistor including:
a substrate including a recess,
an interface insulation layer on a lower sidewall and a bottom of the recess,
a first gate insulation layer on the interface insulation layer, the first gate insulation layer including a ferroelectric material,
a first gate electrode on the first gate insulation layer to fill a lower portion of the recess, the first gate electrode including a metal,
a second gate electrode contacting the first gate electrode in the recess, and the second gate electrode including a material different from a material of the first gate electrode, and
impurity regions on the substrate and adjacent to sidewalls of the recess; and
a capacitor electrically connected to one of the impurity regions of the transistor, wherein the transistor has one of a first threshold voltage and a second threshold voltage different from the first threshold voltage depending on a voltage level of the first gate electrode. 26. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 25, wherein a height of bottoms of the impurity regions is between heights of a bottom and a top of the second gate electrode relative to a bottom of the substrate. 27. (canceled) 28. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 25, further comprising a second gate insulation layer including silicon oxide, the second gate insulation layer being between the recess and the second gate electrode. 29. (canceled) | A semiconductor device includes a substrate including a recess, a first gate insulation layer on a lower sidewall and a bottom of the recess, the first gate insulation layer including an insulation material having hysteresis characteristics, a first gate electrode on the first gate insulation layer inside the recess, a second gate electrode contacting the first gate electrode in the recess, the second gate electrode including a material different from a material of the first gate electrode, and impurity regions on the substrate and adjacent to sidewalls of the recess, bottoms of the impurity regions being higher than a bottom of the second gate electrode relative to a bottom of the substrate.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate including a recess; a first gate insulation layer on a lower sidewall and a bottom of the recess, the first gate insulation layer including an insulation material having hysteresis characteristics; a first gate electrode on the first gate insulation layer inside the recess; a second gate electrode contacting the first gate electrode in the recess, the second gate electrode including a material different from a material of the first gate electrode; and impurity regions on the substrate and adjacent to sidewalls of the recess, bottoms of the impurity regions being higher than a bottom of the second gate electrode relative to a bottom of the substrate. 2. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first gate insulation layer includes a ferroelectric material. 3. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first gate insulation layer includes at least one of hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium-doped zirconium oxide, yttrium-doped hafnium oxide, magnesium-doped zirconium oxide, magnesium-doped hafnium oxide, silicon-doped hafnium oxide, silicon-doped zirconium oxide, and barium-doped titanium oxide. 4. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an interface insulation layer between a surface of the recess and the first gate insulation layer, the interface insulation layer including silicon oxide. 5. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 4, wherein a first thickness of the interface insulation layer is less than a second thickness of the first gate insulation layer. 6. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a second gate insulation layer including silicon oxide, the second gate insulation layer being between the recess and the second gate electrode. 7. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 6, wherein a thickness of the second gate insulation layer is thicker than a thickness of the first gate insulation layer. 8. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first gate electrode includes a metal. 9. (canceled) 10. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second gate electrode includes a material having a work function different from a work function of the first gate electrode. 11. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 10, wherein a difference between the work function of the second gate electrode and a work function of the impurity region is less than a difference between the work function of the first gate electrode and the work function of the impurity region. 12.-15. (canceled) 16. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semiconductor device includes a transistor, the transistor having one of a first threshold voltage and a second threshold voltage different from the first threshold voltage depending on a voltage level of the first gate electrode. 17. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 16, wherein:
the transistor has the first threshold voltage in a turn-off state of the transistor, and the second threshold voltage in a turn-on state of the transistor, and the first threshold voltage is higher than the second threshold voltage. 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a transistor including:
an interface insulation layer on a substrate, the interface insulation layer having a first thickness,
a first gate insulation layer on the interface insulation layer, the first gate insulation layer having a second thickness greater than the first thickness, and including an insulation material having a hysteresis characteristic;
a first gate electrode on the first gate insulation layer, and
impurity regions on the substrate and adjacent to sidewalls of the first gate electrode,
wherein the transistor has one of a first threshold voltage and a second threshold voltage different from the first threshold voltage depending on a voltage level of the first gate electrode. 21. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 20, wherein the first gate insulation layer includes a ferroelectric material. 22. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 20, wherein the interface insulation layer includes silicon oxide. 23. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 20, further comprising a capacitor electrically connected to one of the impurity regions. 24. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 20, wherein:
the transistor has the first threshold voltage in a turn off state of the transistor, and the second threshold voltage in a turn on state, and the first threshold voltage is higher than the second threshold voltage. 25. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a transistor including:
a substrate including a recess,
an interface insulation layer on a lower sidewall and a bottom of the recess,
a first gate insulation layer on the interface insulation layer, the first gate insulation layer including a ferroelectric material,
a first gate electrode on the first gate insulation layer to fill a lower portion of the recess, the first gate electrode including a metal,
a second gate electrode contacting the first gate electrode in the recess, and the second gate electrode including a material different from a material of the first gate electrode, and
impurity regions on the substrate and adjacent to sidewalls of the recess; and
a capacitor electrically connected to one of the impurity regions of the transistor, wherein the transistor has one of a first threshold voltage and a second threshold voltage different from the first threshold voltage depending on a voltage level of the first gate electrode. 26. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 25, wherein a height of bottoms of the impurity regions is between heights of a bottom and a top of the second gate electrode relative to a bottom of the substrate. 27. (canceled) 28. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 25, further comprising a second gate insulation layer including silicon oxide, the second gate insulation layer being between the recess and the second gate electrode. 29. (canceled) | 2,800 |
341,193 | 16,801,418 | 2,891 | A semiconductor device includes a substrate including a recess, a first gate insulation layer on a lower sidewall and a bottom of the recess, the first gate insulation layer including an insulation material having hysteresis characteristics, a first gate electrode on the first gate insulation layer inside the recess, a second gate electrode contacting the first gate electrode in the recess, the second gate electrode including a material different from a material of the first gate electrode, and impurity regions on the substrate and adjacent to sidewalls of the recess, bottoms of the impurity regions being higher than a bottom of the second gate electrode relative to a bottom of the substrate. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate including a recess; a first gate insulation layer on a lower sidewall and a bottom of the recess, the first gate insulation layer including an insulation material having hysteresis characteristics; a first gate electrode on the first gate insulation layer inside the recess; a second gate electrode contacting the first gate electrode in the recess, the second gate electrode including a material different from a material of the first gate electrode; and impurity regions on the substrate and adjacent to sidewalls of the recess, bottoms of the impurity regions being higher than a bottom of the second gate electrode relative to a bottom of the substrate. 2. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first gate insulation layer includes a ferroelectric material. 3. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first gate insulation layer includes at least one of hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium-doped zirconium oxide, yttrium-doped hafnium oxide, magnesium-doped zirconium oxide, magnesium-doped hafnium oxide, silicon-doped hafnium oxide, silicon-doped zirconium oxide, and barium-doped titanium oxide. 4. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an interface insulation layer between a surface of the recess and the first gate insulation layer, the interface insulation layer including silicon oxide. 5. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 4, wherein a first thickness of the interface insulation layer is less than a second thickness of the first gate insulation layer. 6. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a second gate insulation layer including silicon oxide, the second gate insulation layer being between the recess and the second gate electrode. 7. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 6, wherein a thickness of the second gate insulation layer is thicker than a thickness of the first gate insulation layer. 8. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first gate electrode includes a metal. 9. (canceled) 10. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second gate electrode includes a material having a work function different from a work function of the first gate electrode. 11. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 10, wherein a difference between the work function of the second gate electrode and a work function of the impurity region is less than a difference between the work function of the first gate electrode and the work function of the impurity region. 12.-15. (canceled) 16. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semiconductor device includes a transistor, the transistor having one of a first threshold voltage and a second threshold voltage different from the first threshold voltage depending on a voltage level of the first gate electrode. 17. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 16, wherein:
the transistor has the first threshold voltage in a turn-off state of the transistor, and the second threshold voltage in a turn-on state of the transistor, and the first threshold voltage is higher than the second threshold voltage. 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a transistor including:
an interface insulation layer on a substrate, the interface insulation layer having a first thickness,
a first gate insulation layer on the interface insulation layer, the first gate insulation layer having a second thickness greater than the first thickness, and including an insulation material having a hysteresis characteristic;
a first gate electrode on the first gate insulation layer, and
impurity regions on the substrate and adjacent to sidewalls of the first gate electrode,
wherein the transistor has one of a first threshold voltage and a second threshold voltage different from the first threshold voltage depending on a voltage level of the first gate electrode. 21. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 20, wherein the first gate insulation layer includes a ferroelectric material. 22. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 20, wherein the interface insulation layer includes silicon oxide. 23. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 20, further comprising a capacitor electrically connected to one of the impurity regions. 24. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 20, wherein:
the transistor has the first threshold voltage in a turn off state of the transistor, and the second threshold voltage in a turn on state, and the first threshold voltage is higher than the second threshold voltage. 25. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a transistor including:
a substrate including a recess,
an interface insulation layer on a lower sidewall and a bottom of the recess,
a first gate insulation layer on the interface insulation layer, the first gate insulation layer including a ferroelectric material,
a first gate electrode on the first gate insulation layer to fill a lower portion of the recess, the first gate electrode including a metal,
a second gate electrode contacting the first gate electrode in the recess, and the second gate electrode including a material different from a material of the first gate electrode, and
impurity regions on the substrate and adjacent to sidewalls of the recess; and
a capacitor electrically connected to one of the impurity regions of the transistor, wherein the transistor has one of a first threshold voltage and a second threshold voltage different from the first threshold voltage depending on a voltage level of the first gate electrode. 26. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 25, wherein a height of bottoms of the impurity regions is between heights of a bottom and a top of the second gate electrode relative to a bottom of the substrate. 27. (canceled) 28. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 25, further comprising a second gate insulation layer including silicon oxide, the second gate insulation layer being between the recess and the second gate electrode. 29. (canceled) | A semiconductor device includes a substrate including a recess, a first gate insulation layer on a lower sidewall and a bottom of the recess, the first gate insulation layer including an insulation material having hysteresis characteristics, a first gate electrode on the first gate insulation layer inside the recess, a second gate electrode contacting the first gate electrode in the recess, the second gate electrode including a material different from a material of the first gate electrode, and impurity regions on the substrate and adjacent to sidewalls of the recess, bottoms of the impurity regions being higher than a bottom of the second gate electrode relative to a bottom of the substrate.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate including a recess; a first gate insulation layer on a lower sidewall and a bottom of the recess, the first gate insulation layer including an insulation material having hysteresis characteristics; a first gate electrode on the first gate insulation layer inside the recess; a second gate electrode contacting the first gate electrode in the recess, the second gate electrode including a material different from a material of the first gate electrode; and impurity regions on the substrate and adjacent to sidewalls of the recess, bottoms of the impurity regions being higher than a bottom of the second gate electrode relative to a bottom of the substrate. 2. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first gate insulation layer includes a ferroelectric material. 3. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first gate insulation layer includes at least one of hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium-doped zirconium oxide, yttrium-doped hafnium oxide, magnesium-doped zirconium oxide, magnesium-doped hafnium oxide, silicon-doped hafnium oxide, silicon-doped zirconium oxide, and barium-doped titanium oxide. 4. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an interface insulation layer between a surface of the recess and the first gate insulation layer, the interface insulation layer including silicon oxide. 5. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 4, wherein a first thickness of the interface insulation layer is less than a second thickness of the first gate insulation layer. 6. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a second gate insulation layer including silicon oxide, the second gate insulation layer being between the recess and the second gate electrode. 7. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 6, wherein a thickness of the second gate insulation layer is thicker than a thickness of the first gate insulation layer. 8. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first gate electrode includes a metal. 9. (canceled) 10. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second gate electrode includes a material having a work function different from a work function of the first gate electrode. 11. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 10, wherein a difference between the work function of the second gate electrode and a work function of the impurity region is less than a difference between the work function of the first gate electrode and the work function of the impurity region. 12.-15. (canceled) 16. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semiconductor device includes a transistor, the transistor having one of a first threshold voltage and a second threshold voltage different from the first threshold voltage depending on a voltage level of the first gate electrode. 17. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 16, wherein:
the transistor has the first threshold voltage in a turn-off state of the transistor, and the second threshold voltage in a turn-on state of the transistor, and the first threshold voltage is higher than the second threshold voltage. 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a transistor including:
an interface insulation layer on a substrate, the interface insulation layer having a first thickness,
a first gate insulation layer on the interface insulation layer, the first gate insulation layer having a second thickness greater than the first thickness, and including an insulation material having a hysteresis characteristic;
a first gate electrode on the first gate insulation layer, and
impurity regions on the substrate and adjacent to sidewalls of the first gate electrode,
wherein the transistor has one of a first threshold voltage and a second threshold voltage different from the first threshold voltage depending on a voltage level of the first gate electrode. 21. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 20, wherein the first gate insulation layer includes a ferroelectric material. 22. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 20, wherein the interface insulation layer includes silicon oxide. 23. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 20, further comprising a capacitor electrically connected to one of the impurity regions. 24. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 20, wherein:
the transistor has the first threshold voltage in a turn off state of the transistor, and the second threshold voltage in a turn on state, and the first threshold voltage is higher than the second threshold voltage. 25. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a transistor including:
a substrate including a recess,
an interface insulation layer on a lower sidewall and a bottom of the recess,
a first gate insulation layer on the interface insulation layer, the first gate insulation layer including a ferroelectric material,
a first gate electrode on the first gate insulation layer to fill a lower portion of the recess, the first gate electrode including a metal,
a second gate electrode contacting the first gate electrode in the recess, and the second gate electrode including a material different from a material of the first gate electrode, and
impurity regions on the substrate and adjacent to sidewalls of the recess; and
a capacitor electrically connected to one of the impurity regions of the transistor, wherein the transistor has one of a first threshold voltage and a second threshold voltage different from the first threshold voltage depending on a voltage level of the first gate electrode. 26. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 25, wherein a height of bottoms of the impurity regions is between heights of a bottom and a top of the second gate electrode relative to a bottom of the substrate. 27. (canceled) 28. The semiconductor device as claimed in claim 25, further comprising a second gate insulation layer including silicon oxide, the second gate insulation layer being between the recess and the second gate electrode. 29. (canceled) | 2,800 |
341,194 | 16,801,527 | 3,762 | A method for igniting a refillable gas lighter comprises a rear case, a front case and a barrel. The lighter is provided with a physical phenomenon of piezo-electric effect to generate the electric spark. Inside the rear case, the pusher is pressed down to the gas tank with the pusher having a plurality of conducting strips that acts as an electrical conductor connected to the gas tank. A copper wire carrying negative charge is connected with a bridge plate that passes through the conductive hose to achieve fuel distribution and electric conduction. The conductive hose transfers the igniting gas from the gas tank to the spark plug, where the ignition initiates the flame. The housing assembly includes a rear case with a rear case neck, a front case with a front case neck, and a barrel. The housing assembly is further locked together by means of a barrel sleeve where the barrel has a flame opening to ignite. | 1. A method for igniting a refillable gas lighter utilizing a reverse wireless electronic power supply, the method comprising the steps of:
a. providing a refillable gas lighter including a housing having a barrel, a gas tank with refilling gas, a conductive hose for passing the igniting gas along a copper wire, a bridge plate to transfer a plurality of charges, and a pusher having a plurality of conducting strips and a flame opening including a spark spring; b. generating a positive charge in a first conducting strip when the pusher is pressed down; c. energising a negative charge by pressing the pusher downwards in the gas tank thereby creating a piezo electric energy; d. connecting the copper wire with the bridge plate to carry the negative charge; e. connecting the first conducting strip and a second conducting strip with the spark spring; and f. attaching both positive and negative charges together in the spark spring to form ignition. | A method for igniting a refillable gas lighter comprises a rear case, a front case and a barrel. The lighter is provided with a physical phenomenon of piezo-electric effect to generate the electric spark. Inside the rear case, the pusher is pressed down to the gas tank with the pusher having a plurality of conducting strips that acts as an electrical conductor connected to the gas tank. A copper wire carrying negative charge is connected with a bridge plate that passes through the conductive hose to achieve fuel distribution and electric conduction. The conductive hose transfers the igniting gas from the gas tank to the spark plug, where the ignition initiates the flame. The housing assembly includes a rear case with a rear case neck, a front case with a front case neck, and a barrel. The housing assembly is further locked together by means of a barrel sleeve where the barrel has a flame opening to ignite.1. A method for igniting a refillable gas lighter utilizing a reverse wireless electronic power supply, the method comprising the steps of:
a. providing a refillable gas lighter including a housing having a barrel, a gas tank with refilling gas, a conductive hose for passing the igniting gas along a copper wire, a bridge plate to transfer a plurality of charges, and a pusher having a plurality of conducting strips and a flame opening including a spark spring; b. generating a positive charge in a first conducting strip when the pusher is pressed down; c. energising a negative charge by pressing the pusher downwards in the gas tank thereby creating a piezo electric energy; d. connecting the copper wire with the bridge plate to carry the negative charge; e. connecting the first conducting strip and a second conducting strip with the spark spring; and f. attaching both positive and negative charges together in the spark spring to form ignition. | 3,700 |
341,195 | 16,801,532 | 3,644 | Exemplary embodiments are disclosed of fishing float systems and methods of using the same. In exemplary embodiments, a fishing float system generally includes at least one insert configured to be slidably and engagingly received within an open end portion of a tube having a hollow interior. The engagement of the at least one insert within the open end portion of the tube may create a substantially water tight seal between the at least one insert and the tube that may substantially prevent or inhibit the ingress of water into the hollow interior of the tube, thereby allowing the tube to be usable as a fishing bobber or float. | 1. A fishing float system comprising:
a tube including first and second open end portions and a hollow interior; a first insert configured to be slidably and engagingly received within the first open end portion of the tube; a second insert configured to be slidably and engagingly received within the second open end portion of the tube; a first coil spring disposed along a first portion of the first insert for attaching the first insert to a fishing line; a second coil spring disposed along a second portion of the second insert for attaching the second insert to the fishing line; whereby the engagement of the first and second inserts within the first and second open end portions of the tube creates substantially water tight seals between the first and second inserts and the tube that substantially prevents or inhibits the ingress of water into the hollow interior of the tube, thereby allowing the tube to be usable as a fishing bobber or float 2. The fishing float system of claim 1, wherein:
the first insert includes a first tapered portion along which the first coil spring is disposed, whereby the first tapered portion and the first coil spring are configured to allow fishing lines of varying diameter to wedge between the first coil spring and the first tapered portion at different locations along a taper of the first tapered portion, thereby allowing the first insert to be attachable to the fishing lines of varying diameter; and/or the second insert includes a second tapered portion along which the second coil spring is disposed, whereby the second tapered portion and the second coil spring are configured to allow fishing lines of varying diameter to wedge between the second coil spring and the second tapered portion at different locations along a taper of the second tapered portion, thereby allowing the second insert to be attachable to the fishing lines of varying diameter. 3. The fishing float system of claim 1, wherein:
the first coil spring includes a first open eyelet for receiving the fishing line therein, and the first insert includes a first protruding surface configured to inhibit the fishing line from inadvertently falling out of the first open eyelet; and/or the second coil spring includes a second open eyelet for receiving the fishing line therein, and the second insert includes a second protruding surface configured to inhibit the fishing line from inadvertently falling out of the second open eyelet. 4. The fishing float system of claim 1, wherein the tube comprises a plastic straw, a soda straw, and/or a drinking straw. 5. A fishing float system comprising at least one insert configured to be slidably and engagingly received within an open end portion of a tube having a hollow interior, whereby engagement of the at least one insert within the open end portion of the tube creates a substantially water tight seal between the at least one insert and the tube that substantially prevents or inhibits the ingress of water into the hollow interior of the tube thereby allowing the tube to be usable as a fishing bobber or float. 6. The fishing float system of claim 5, further comprising a coil spring disposed along a portion of the at least one insert, whereby the at least one insert is attachable to a fishing line via a spring retention force that retains the fishing line between one or more coils of the coil spring and the portion of the at least one insert. 7. The fishing float system of claim 5, further comprising a coil spring disposed along a tapered portion of the at least one insert, wherein the tapered portion and the coil spring are configured to allow fishing lines of varying diameter to wedge between the coil spring and the tapered portion at different locations along a taper of the tapered portion, whereby the at least one insert is attachable to the fishing lines of varying diameter. 8. The fishing float system of claim 5, further comprising a coil spring disposed along a portion of the at least one insert for attaching the at least one insert to a fishing line, whereby the at least one insert is removable from the tube without having to detach the at least one insert or a lure from the fishing line. 9. The fishing float system of claim 5, further comprising a coil spring disposed along a portion of the at least one insert for attaching the at least one insert to a fishing line. 10. The fishing float system of claim 9, wherein:
the at least one insert comprises first and second stops; and the coil spring is retained between the first and second stops of the at least one insert. 11. The fishing float system of claim 9, wherein:
the coil spring includes an open eyelet for receiving the fishing line therein; and the at least one insert includes at least one protruding surface configured to inhibit the fishing line from inadvertently falling out of the open eyelet while in use. 12. The fishing float system of claim 9, wherein:
the at least one insert comprises first and second stops and a recessed portion defined generally between the first and second stops; and at least a bottom portion of the coil spring is disposed within the recessed portion and retained between the first and second stops of the at least one insert. 13. The fishing float system of claim 9, wherein:
the coil spring includes an eyelet for slidably receiving the fishing line therein; and the fishing float system further comprises an elastic cord or string configured to be tied into a knot along the fishing line above the at least one insert such that the knot is larger than an opening of the eyelet and operable as a stop to prevent any farther upward movement of the at least one insert along the fishing line beyond the knot. 14. The fishing float system of claim 9, wherein:
the at least one insert comprises upper and lower stops; the coil spring includes generally flat upper and lower portions each defined by a flat coil or turn of the coil spring; and the generally flat upper and lower portions of the coil spring are configured to lie flush and/or abut against the respective upper and lower stops of the at least one insert, whereby the coil spring is retained between the upper and lower stops of the at least one insert. 15. The fishing float system of claim 5, wherein the at least one insert comprises first and second inserts configured to be slidably and engagingly received within respective first and second open end portions of the tube, whereby the engagement of the first and second inserts within the first and second open end portions of the tube creates substantially water tight seals between the first and second inserts and the tube that substantially prevents or inhibits the ingress of water into the hollow interior of the tube. 16. The fishing float system of claim 5, wherein the at least one insert includes first and second end portions, and wherein:
the second end portion is configured to form a friction fit and/or an interference fit with the tube when the second end portion of the at least one insert is engaged within the open end portion of the tube; and/or a bottom portion of the second end portion is chamfered and/or tapered to facilitate insertion into the open end portion of the tube. 17. The fishing float system of claim 5, wherein the at least one insert includes a stop having a diameter about equal to or larger than an outer diameter of the tube, whereby the stop is operable for inhibiting sliding movement of the tube upwardly beyond the stop when the tube contacts the stop. 18. The fishing float system of claim 5, wherein:
the fishing float system includes the tube; the tube comprises a plastic straw having first and second open end portions and a hollow interior; and the at least one insert comprises first and second inserts configured to be slidably and engagingly received within the respective first and second open end portions of the plastic straw; whereby the engagement of the first and second inserts within the first and second open end portions of the plastic straw creates substantially water tight seals between the first and second inserts and the plastic straw that substantially prevents or inhibits the ingress of water into the hollow interior of the plastic straw, thereby allowing the plastic straw to be usable as a fishing bobber or float. 19. A method comprising slidably positioning first and second inserts within respective first and second open end portions of a tube to thereby create substantially water tight seals between the first and second inserts and the tube that substantially prevents or inhibits the ingress of water into a hollow interior of the tube, thereby allowing the tube to be usable as a fishing bobber or float. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
attaching the first insert to a fishing line by positioning the fishing line between one or more coils of a first coil spring disposed along a portion of the first insert; and/or attaching the second insert to the fishing line by positioning the fishing line between one or more coils of a second coil spring disposed along a portion of the second insert. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein:
the first insert includes a first tapered portion along which the first coil spring is disposed, whereby the first tapered portion and the first coil spring are configured to allow fishing lines of varying diameter to wedge between the first coil spring and the first tapered portion at different locations along a taper of the first tapered portion, thereby allowing the first insert to be attachable to the fishing lines of varying diameter; and/or the second insert includes a second tapered portion along which the second coil spring is disposed, whereby the second tapered portion and the second coil spring are configured to allow fishing lines of varying diameter to wedge between the second coil spring and the second tapered portion at different locations along a taper of the second tapered portion, thereby allowing the second insert to be attachable to the fishing lines of varying diameter. 22. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
attaching the first insert to a fishing line by positioning the fishing line within a first open eyelet of a first coil spring disposed along a portion of the first insert, and using a first protruding surface of the first insert to inhibit the fishing line from inadvertently falling out of the first open eyelet while in use; and/or attaching the second insert to a fishing line by positioning the fishing line within a second open eyelet of a second coil spring disposed along a portion of the second insert, and using a second protruding surface of the second insert to inhibit the fishing line from inadvertently falling out of the second open eyelet while in use. | Exemplary embodiments are disclosed of fishing float systems and methods of using the same. In exemplary embodiments, a fishing float system generally includes at least one insert configured to be slidably and engagingly received within an open end portion of a tube having a hollow interior. The engagement of the at least one insert within the open end portion of the tube may create a substantially water tight seal between the at least one insert and the tube that may substantially prevent or inhibit the ingress of water into the hollow interior of the tube, thereby allowing the tube to be usable as a fishing bobber or float.1. A fishing float system comprising:
a tube including first and second open end portions and a hollow interior; a first insert configured to be slidably and engagingly received within the first open end portion of the tube; a second insert configured to be slidably and engagingly received within the second open end portion of the tube; a first coil spring disposed along a first portion of the first insert for attaching the first insert to a fishing line; a second coil spring disposed along a second portion of the second insert for attaching the second insert to the fishing line; whereby the engagement of the first and second inserts within the first and second open end portions of the tube creates substantially water tight seals between the first and second inserts and the tube that substantially prevents or inhibits the ingress of water into the hollow interior of the tube, thereby allowing the tube to be usable as a fishing bobber or float 2. The fishing float system of claim 1, wherein:
the first insert includes a first tapered portion along which the first coil spring is disposed, whereby the first tapered portion and the first coil spring are configured to allow fishing lines of varying diameter to wedge between the first coil spring and the first tapered portion at different locations along a taper of the first tapered portion, thereby allowing the first insert to be attachable to the fishing lines of varying diameter; and/or the second insert includes a second tapered portion along which the second coil spring is disposed, whereby the second tapered portion and the second coil spring are configured to allow fishing lines of varying diameter to wedge between the second coil spring and the second tapered portion at different locations along a taper of the second tapered portion, thereby allowing the second insert to be attachable to the fishing lines of varying diameter. 3. The fishing float system of claim 1, wherein:
the first coil spring includes a first open eyelet for receiving the fishing line therein, and the first insert includes a first protruding surface configured to inhibit the fishing line from inadvertently falling out of the first open eyelet; and/or the second coil spring includes a second open eyelet for receiving the fishing line therein, and the second insert includes a second protruding surface configured to inhibit the fishing line from inadvertently falling out of the second open eyelet. 4. The fishing float system of claim 1, wherein the tube comprises a plastic straw, a soda straw, and/or a drinking straw. 5. A fishing float system comprising at least one insert configured to be slidably and engagingly received within an open end portion of a tube having a hollow interior, whereby engagement of the at least one insert within the open end portion of the tube creates a substantially water tight seal between the at least one insert and the tube that substantially prevents or inhibits the ingress of water into the hollow interior of the tube thereby allowing the tube to be usable as a fishing bobber or float. 6. The fishing float system of claim 5, further comprising a coil spring disposed along a portion of the at least one insert, whereby the at least one insert is attachable to a fishing line via a spring retention force that retains the fishing line between one or more coils of the coil spring and the portion of the at least one insert. 7. The fishing float system of claim 5, further comprising a coil spring disposed along a tapered portion of the at least one insert, wherein the tapered portion and the coil spring are configured to allow fishing lines of varying diameter to wedge between the coil spring and the tapered portion at different locations along a taper of the tapered portion, whereby the at least one insert is attachable to the fishing lines of varying diameter. 8. The fishing float system of claim 5, further comprising a coil spring disposed along a portion of the at least one insert for attaching the at least one insert to a fishing line, whereby the at least one insert is removable from the tube without having to detach the at least one insert or a lure from the fishing line. 9. The fishing float system of claim 5, further comprising a coil spring disposed along a portion of the at least one insert for attaching the at least one insert to a fishing line. 10. The fishing float system of claim 9, wherein:
the at least one insert comprises first and second stops; and the coil spring is retained between the first and second stops of the at least one insert. 11. The fishing float system of claim 9, wherein:
the coil spring includes an open eyelet for receiving the fishing line therein; and the at least one insert includes at least one protruding surface configured to inhibit the fishing line from inadvertently falling out of the open eyelet while in use. 12. The fishing float system of claim 9, wherein:
the at least one insert comprises first and second stops and a recessed portion defined generally between the first and second stops; and at least a bottom portion of the coil spring is disposed within the recessed portion and retained between the first and second stops of the at least one insert. 13. The fishing float system of claim 9, wherein:
the coil spring includes an eyelet for slidably receiving the fishing line therein; and the fishing float system further comprises an elastic cord or string configured to be tied into a knot along the fishing line above the at least one insert such that the knot is larger than an opening of the eyelet and operable as a stop to prevent any farther upward movement of the at least one insert along the fishing line beyond the knot. 14. The fishing float system of claim 9, wherein:
the at least one insert comprises upper and lower stops; the coil spring includes generally flat upper and lower portions each defined by a flat coil or turn of the coil spring; and the generally flat upper and lower portions of the coil spring are configured to lie flush and/or abut against the respective upper and lower stops of the at least one insert, whereby the coil spring is retained between the upper and lower stops of the at least one insert. 15. The fishing float system of claim 5, wherein the at least one insert comprises first and second inserts configured to be slidably and engagingly received within respective first and second open end portions of the tube, whereby the engagement of the first and second inserts within the first and second open end portions of the tube creates substantially water tight seals between the first and second inserts and the tube that substantially prevents or inhibits the ingress of water into the hollow interior of the tube. 16. The fishing float system of claim 5, wherein the at least one insert includes first and second end portions, and wherein:
the second end portion is configured to form a friction fit and/or an interference fit with the tube when the second end portion of the at least one insert is engaged within the open end portion of the tube; and/or a bottom portion of the second end portion is chamfered and/or tapered to facilitate insertion into the open end portion of the tube. 17. The fishing float system of claim 5, wherein the at least one insert includes a stop having a diameter about equal to or larger than an outer diameter of the tube, whereby the stop is operable for inhibiting sliding movement of the tube upwardly beyond the stop when the tube contacts the stop. 18. The fishing float system of claim 5, wherein:
the fishing float system includes the tube; the tube comprises a plastic straw having first and second open end portions and a hollow interior; and the at least one insert comprises first and second inserts configured to be slidably and engagingly received within the respective first and second open end portions of the plastic straw; whereby the engagement of the first and second inserts within the first and second open end portions of the plastic straw creates substantially water tight seals between the first and second inserts and the plastic straw that substantially prevents or inhibits the ingress of water into the hollow interior of the plastic straw, thereby allowing the plastic straw to be usable as a fishing bobber or float. 19. A method comprising slidably positioning first and second inserts within respective first and second open end portions of a tube to thereby create substantially water tight seals between the first and second inserts and the tube that substantially prevents or inhibits the ingress of water into a hollow interior of the tube, thereby allowing the tube to be usable as a fishing bobber or float. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
attaching the first insert to a fishing line by positioning the fishing line between one or more coils of a first coil spring disposed along a portion of the first insert; and/or attaching the second insert to the fishing line by positioning the fishing line between one or more coils of a second coil spring disposed along a portion of the second insert. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein:
the first insert includes a first tapered portion along which the first coil spring is disposed, whereby the first tapered portion and the first coil spring are configured to allow fishing lines of varying diameter to wedge between the first coil spring and the first tapered portion at different locations along a taper of the first tapered portion, thereby allowing the first insert to be attachable to the fishing lines of varying diameter; and/or the second insert includes a second tapered portion along which the second coil spring is disposed, whereby the second tapered portion and the second coil spring are configured to allow fishing lines of varying diameter to wedge between the second coil spring and the second tapered portion at different locations along a taper of the second tapered portion, thereby allowing the second insert to be attachable to the fishing lines of varying diameter. 22. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
attaching the first insert to a fishing line by positioning the fishing line within a first open eyelet of a first coil spring disposed along a portion of the first insert, and using a first protruding surface of the first insert to inhibit the fishing line from inadvertently falling out of the first open eyelet while in use; and/or attaching the second insert to a fishing line by positioning the fishing line within a second open eyelet of a second coil spring disposed along a portion of the second insert, and using a second protruding surface of the second insert to inhibit the fishing line from inadvertently falling out of the second open eyelet while in use. | 3,600 |
341,196 | 16,801,520 | 2,493 | A method and apparatus prevents hacker code from infecting an application program by requiring decryption of the application program prior to running the application program on a computer. The method includes steps of: providing a storage device that is a separate unit from components necessary to operate the computer; storing a symmetric private key on the storage device; using the symmetric private key to produce an encrypted application program upon first installation; thereafter decrypting that part of the encrypted application program needed implement a command to run the application program; precluding the computer from running any part of the application program that has not been first encrypted with the symmetric private key; and, decrypting, on the fly, only those follow-on parts of the encrypted application program needed to perform functions called for during operation of the application program. | 1. A storage device for improving operation of a computer to provide it immunity from infection of a software program by a software virus or in memory software code injection, the storage device comprising:
a first non-transitory computer storage medium installed within a unit that is separate from components necessary for the operation of the computer; a symmetric private key usable for encryption and decryption of a software program, the symmetric private key stored on the first non-transitory computer storage medium within the unit; a second non-transitory computer storage medium that is necessary for operation of the computer, the second non-transitory computer storage medium storing computer code operable to:
enable the computer to which the unit is connected to use the symmetric private key to encrypt a software program upon first installation of the software program and thereby create a first-encrypted software program;
require the computer to use the symmetric private key upon each startup of the first-encrypted software program to decrypt the first-encrypted software program to produce a first-decrypted software program;
execute the first-decrypted software program on the computer;
prevent access to the symmetric private key after the symmetric private key is first accessed to produce the first-decrypted software program, unless express authorization is first obtained; and
preclude running on the computer any software program that has not been encrypted with the symmetric private key. 2. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the first non-transitory computer storage medium is incorporated into a component selected from the group consisting of an electronic chip, a computer board, a wireless communication device, a central processor unit, and a universal serial bus device. 3. The storage device of claim 1, further comprising:
an electronic chip incorporating the unit; an electronic tristate switch in the electronic chip; and the electronic chip configured to activate the electronic tristate switch to prevent transfer of the symmetric private key from the first non-transitory computer storage medium a second time while the electronic chip is powered-up. 4. A storage device for storing a secure key, the storage device comprising:
a non-transitory computer storage medium installed within a unit that can be operationally connected to a computer, the unit being separate from components necessary for operation of the computer; a secure key usable as input data to computer code running on the computer to which the storage device is connected, the secure key stored on the non-transitory computer storage medium; computer code for operation of the computer, the computer code operable to:
read the secure key;
use the secure key as input data; and
prevent access to the secure key a second time after the secure key is first accessed by the computer to run any program. 5. The storage device of claim 4, wherein the non-transitory computer storage medium is incorporated into a component selected from the group consisting of an electronic chip, a computer board, a central processing unit, a wireless communication device, and a universal serial bus device. 6. The storage device of claim 4 further comprising:
an electronic chip incorporating the storage device;
an electronic tristate switch in the electronic chip; and
wherein the electronic tristate switch is configured to prevent access to the secure key a second time. 7. A storage device configured to decrypt software code stored in a random access memory of a computer, the storage device further configured to prevent a hacker code injection into a running process in a computer, the storage device comprising:
a non-transitory computer storage medium, a central processing unit, a data bus, and an address bus; the non-transitory computer storage medium comprising a key usable for decrypting encrypted program code stored in the random access memory, the key comprising a plurality of bytes wherein each byte in the plurality of bytes has a byte value; the central processing unit connected to random access memory through the data bus and the address bus; the central processing unit is programmed to:
identify a designated location in the random access memory;
fetch an encrypted byte from the designated location stored in the random access memory of the computer;
perform a modulus operand between the byte value of the encrypted byte and a length of the key to derive a remainder value;
when the remainder value is zero, fetch the byte value of a last byte in the plurality of bytes of the key;
when the remainder value is non-zero value, fetch the byte value of the byte in the plurality of bytes of the key, said byte located at the non-zero value;
use the byte value that is fetched to decrypt the encrypted byte fetched from the designated location at the random access memory producing a decrypted byte; and
use the decrypted byte. 8. A method for controlling loading of multiple operating systems into a random access memory of a computer, the computer comprising a first non-transitory computer storage medium, a second non-transitory computer storage medium, a third non-transitory computer storage medium, a random access memory, a central processing unit, a basic input/output system, and a switch, the method comprising the steps of:
storing a key on the first non-transitory computer storage medium, the key usable for encryption and decryption of a software program; storing an encrypted operating system on the computer in the second non-transitory computer storage medium; storing a non-encrypted operating system on the computer in the third non-transitory computer storage medium; setting the switch to enable the basic input/output system to load either the encrypted operating system or the non-encrypted operating system into the random access memory; and configuring the computer at power up to implement steps comprising:
making the key available from the first non-transitory computer storage medium to the basic input/output system;
when the switch is set to enable the basic input/output system to load the encrypted operating system, the basic input/output system reading the encrypted operating system from the second non-transitory computer storage medium and using the key to decrypt the encrypted operating system as requested by the central processing unit; and
when the switch is set to enable the basic input/output system to load the non-encrypted operating system from the third non-transitory computer storage medium, the basic input/output system disabling access to the key then reading the non-encrypted operating system from the third non-transitory computer storage medium, then storing the non-encrypted operating system in the random access memory of the computer. | A method and apparatus prevents hacker code from infecting an application program by requiring decryption of the application program prior to running the application program on a computer. The method includes steps of: providing a storage device that is a separate unit from components necessary to operate the computer; storing a symmetric private key on the storage device; using the symmetric private key to produce an encrypted application program upon first installation; thereafter decrypting that part of the encrypted application program needed implement a command to run the application program; precluding the computer from running any part of the application program that has not been first encrypted with the symmetric private key; and, decrypting, on the fly, only those follow-on parts of the encrypted application program needed to perform functions called for during operation of the application program.1. A storage device for improving operation of a computer to provide it immunity from infection of a software program by a software virus or in memory software code injection, the storage device comprising:
a first non-transitory computer storage medium installed within a unit that is separate from components necessary for the operation of the computer; a symmetric private key usable for encryption and decryption of a software program, the symmetric private key stored on the first non-transitory computer storage medium within the unit; a second non-transitory computer storage medium that is necessary for operation of the computer, the second non-transitory computer storage medium storing computer code operable to:
enable the computer to which the unit is connected to use the symmetric private key to encrypt a software program upon first installation of the software program and thereby create a first-encrypted software program;
require the computer to use the symmetric private key upon each startup of the first-encrypted software program to decrypt the first-encrypted software program to produce a first-decrypted software program;
execute the first-decrypted software program on the computer;
prevent access to the symmetric private key after the symmetric private key is first accessed to produce the first-decrypted software program, unless express authorization is first obtained; and
preclude running on the computer any software program that has not been encrypted with the symmetric private key. 2. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the first non-transitory computer storage medium is incorporated into a component selected from the group consisting of an electronic chip, a computer board, a wireless communication device, a central processor unit, and a universal serial bus device. 3. The storage device of claim 1, further comprising:
an electronic chip incorporating the unit; an electronic tristate switch in the electronic chip; and the electronic chip configured to activate the electronic tristate switch to prevent transfer of the symmetric private key from the first non-transitory computer storage medium a second time while the electronic chip is powered-up. 4. A storage device for storing a secure key, the storage device comprising:
a non-transitory computer storage medium installed within a unit that can be operationally connected to a computer, the unit being separate from components necessary for operation of the computer; a secure key usable as input data to computer code running on the computer to which the storage device is connected, the secure key stored on the non-transitory computer storage medium; computer code for operation of the computer, the computer code operable to:
read the secure key;
use the secure key as input data; and
prevent access to the secure key a second time after the secure key is first accessed by the computer to run any program. 5. The storage device of claim 4, wherein the non-transitory computer storage medium is incorporated into a component selected from the group consisting of an electronic chip, a computer board, a central processing unit, a wireless communication device, and a universal serial bus device. 6. The storage device of claim 4 further comprising:
an electronic chip incorporating the storage device;
an electronic tristate switch in the electronic chip; and
wherein the electronic tristate switch is configured to prevent access to the secure key a second time. 7. A storage device configured to decrypt software code stored in a random access memory of a computer, the storage device further configured to prevent a hacker code injection into a running process in a computer, the storage device comprising:
a non-transitory computer storage medium, a central processing unit, a data bus, and an address bus; the non-transitory computer storage medium comprising a key usable for decrypting encrypted program code stored in the random access memory, the key comprising a plurality of bytes wherein each byte in the plurality of bytes has a byte value; the central processing unit connected to random access memory through the data bus and the address bus; the central processing unit is programmed to:
identify a designated location in the random access memory;
fetch an encrypted byte from the designated location stored in the random access memory of the computer;
perform a modulus operand between the byte value of the encrypted byte and a length of the key to derive a remainder value;
when the remainder value is zero, fetch the byte value of a last byte in the plurality of bytes of the key;
when the remainder value is non-zero value, fetch the byte value of the byte in the plurality of bytes of the key, said byte located at the non-zero value;
use the byte value that is fetched to decrypt the encrypted byte fetched from the designated location at the random access memory producing a decrypted byte; and
use the decrypted byte. 8. A method for controlling loading of multiple operating systems into a random access memory of a computer, the computer comprising a first non-transitory computer storage medium, a second non-transitory computer storage medium, a third non-transitory computer storage medium, a random access memory, a central processing unit, a basic input/output system, and a switch, the method comprising the steps of:
storing a key on the first non-transitory computer storage medium, the key usable for encryption and decryption of a software program; storing an encrypted operating system on the computer in the second non-transitory computer storage medium; storing a non-encrypted operating system on the computer in the third non-transitory computer storage medium; setting the switch to enable the basic input/output system to load either the encrypted operating system or the non-encrypted operating system into the random access memory; and configuring the computer at power up to implement steps comprising:
making the key available from the first non-transitory computer storage medium to the basic input/output system;
when the switch is set to enable the basic input/output system to load the encrypted operating system, the basic input/output system reading the encrypted operating system from the second non-transitory computer storage medium and using the key to decrypt the encrypted operating system as requested by the central processing unit; and
when the switch is set to enable the basic input/output system to load the non-encrypted operating system from the third non-transitory computer storage medium, the basic input/output system disabling access to the key then reading the non-encrypted operating system from the third non-transitory computer storage medium, then storing the non-encrypted operating system in the random access memory of the computer. | 2,400 |
341,197 | 16,801,533 | 2,857 | A distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning includes generating a calibration track adaptive to a predetermined route in a detection terminal; obtaining a real-time movement track of the detection terminal according to a moving coordinate positioning; and correcting a distance recorded by the detection terminal in real time according to a comparison result between the movement track and the calibration track. In such a way, the distance error recorded in the detection terminal can be corrected, thereby improving the accuracy. | 1. A distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning, comprising:
generating a calibration track adaptive to a predetermined route in a detection terminal; obtaining a real-time movement track of the detection terminal according to a moving coordinate positioning; and correcting a distance recorded by the detection terminal in real time according to a comparison result between the movement track and the calibration track. 2. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 1, wherein at least one path parameter model is preset in the detection terminal and is adapted for generating the calibration track with a standard geometry according to a length of the predetermined route that is input. 3. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 2, before generating the calibration track, further comprising a step of generating a preset calibration track: generating a preset calibration track corresponding to the predetermined route according to the length of the predetermined route; and taking the preset calibration track as the calibration track if the movement track of the detection terminal is within a range of the preset calibration track. 4. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 2, wherein said correcting a distance recorded by the detection terminal specifically comprises: after the calibration track is generated, mapping the real-time coordinate of the detection terminal to the calibration track that is adjacent one another to form a correction coordinate if a subsequent movement track of the detection terminal is within a range of the calibration track; and calculating a real-time movement distance of the detection terminal according to the correction coordinate. 5. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 4, wherein after the calibration track is generated, if the movement track of the detection terminal deviates from the range of the calibration track during the subsequent movement, the real-time movement distance at a current stage is directly calculated according to the real-time coordinate of the detection terminal. 6. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 4, wherein the correction coordinate is located at a vertical connection point between a real-time coordinate and a forward direction of movement. 7. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 3, wherein when the calibration track output by the path parameter model is annular, the number of movement laps is calculated by the detection terminal according to an initial coordinate. 8. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 1, wherein a range of the calibration track is to radiate circles with a circle center of any point on the calibration track and a radius of 10-20 meters. 9. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 3, wherein the path parameter model includes any one or more of international standard race track, rectangular track, circular track, and oval track. 10. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 1, wherein the detection terminal implements coordinate positioning based on any or more of Global Positioning System (GPS), BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), GLONASS Navigation Satellite System and GALILEO Navigation Satellite System. 11. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 1, wherein the calibration track is generated accordingly to a route file imported to the detection terminal. 12. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 11, wherein the route file is imported from a navigation map application built in the detection terminal or other devices. 13. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 11, wherein said correcting a distance recorded by the detection terminal specifically comprises: after the calibration track is generated, mapping the real-time coordinate of the detection terminal to the calibration track that is adjacent one another to form a correction coordinate if a subsequent movement track of the detection terminal is within a range of the calibration track; and calculating a real-time movement distance of the detection terminal according to the correction coordinate. 14. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 13, wherein after the calibration track is generated, if the movement track of the detection terminal deviates from the range of the calibration track during the subsequent movement, the real-time movement distance at a current stage is directly calculated according to the real-time coordinate of the detection terminal. 15. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 13, wherein the correction coordinate is located at a vertical connection point between a real-time coordinate and a forward direction of movement. 16. A portal terminal device, comprising:
a portal detection terminal, comprising a calibration track generation module and a correction module; the calibration track generation module, adapted for generating a calibration track adaptive to a predetermined route in the detection terminal; the correction module, adapted for obtaining a real-time movement track of the detection terminal, and correcting a distance recorded by the detection terminal in real time according to a comparison result between the movement track and the calibration track. 17. The portal terminal device according to claim 16, wherein the calibration track generation module comprises at least one path parameter model adapted for generating the calibration track with a standard geometry according to data of the predetermined route that is input. 18. The portal terminal device according to claim 17, wherein the path parameter model is adapted for generating a preset calibration track corresponding to the predetermined route according to the data of the predetermined route, and taking the preset calibration track as the calibration track if the movement track of the detection terminal is within a range of the preset calibration track. 19. The portal terminal device according to claim 16, wherein the calibration track generation module is adapted for generating the calibration track according to a route file imported to the detection terminal. 20. The portal terminal device according to claim 19, wherein the route file is imported from a navigation map application built in the detection terminal or other devices. 21. The portal terminal device according to claim 17, wherein the correction module is adapted for performing a correction process including: after the calibration track is generated, mapping the real-time coordinate of the detection terminal to the calibration track that is adjacent one another to form a correction coordinate if a subsequent movement track of the detection terminal is within a range of the calibration track; and calculating a real-time movement distance of the detection terminal according to the correction coordinate. 22. The portal terminal device according to claim 21, wherein the correction module is further adapted for performing a correction process including if the movement track of the detection terminal deviates from the range of the calibration track, the real-time movement distance at a current stage is directly calculated according to the real-time coordinate of the detection terminal. 23. The portal terminal device according to claim 21, wherein the correction coordinate is located at a vertical connection point between a real-time coordinate and a forward direction of movement. 24. The portal terminal device according to claim 17, wherein the detection terminal is provided with a lap recorder which is adapted for calculating the number of movement laps accordingly to an initial coordinate of the detection terminal when the calibration track output by the path parameter model is annular. 25. The portal terminal device according to claim 16, wherein a range of the calibration track is to radiate circles with a circle center of any point on the calibration track and a radius of 10-20 meters. 26. The portal terminal device according to claim 17, wherein the path parameter model includes any one or more of international standard race track, rectangular track, circular track, and oval track. 27. The portal terminal device according to claim 16, wherein the detection terminal implements coordinate positioning based on any or more of Global Positioning System (GPS), BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), GLONASS Navigation Satellite System and GALILEO Navigation Satellite System. 28. A portal terminal device, comprising:
one or more processors; a memory; and one or more programs, stored in the memory and configured to be executed by said one or more processors, and said one or more programs comprising instructions for executing the distance measurement method based on the moving coordinate positioning according to claim 1. 29. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising a computer program for testing, and the computer program being executed by a processor to implement the distance measurement method based on the moving coordinate positioning according to claim 1. | A distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning includes generating a calibration track adaptive to a predetermined route in a detection terminal; obtaining a real-time movement track of the detection terminal according to a moving coordinate positioning; and correcting a distance recorded by the detection terminal in real time according to a comparison result between the movement track and the calibration track. In such a way, the distance error recorded in the detection terminal can be corrected, thereby improving the accuracy.1. A distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning, comprising:
generating a calibration track adaptive to a predetermined route in a detection terminal; obtaining a real-time movement track of the detection terminal according to a moving coordinate positioning; and correcting a distance recorded by the detection terminal in real time according to a comparison result between the movement track and the calibration track. 2. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 1, wherein at least one path parameter model is preset in the detection terminal and is adapted for generating the calibration track with a standard geometry according to a length of the predetermined route that is input. 3. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 2, before generating the calibration track, further comprising a step of generating a preset calibration track: generating a preset calibration track corresponding to the predetermined route according to the length of the predetermined route; and taking the preset calibration track as the calibration track if the movement track of the detection terminal is within a range of the preset calibration track. 4. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 2, wherein said correcting a distance recorded by the detection terminal specifically comprises: after the calibration track is generated, mapping the real-time coordinate of the detection terminal to the calibration track that is adjacent one another to form a correction coordinate if a subsequent movement track of the detection terminal is within a range of the calibration track; and calculating a real-time movement distance of the detection terminal according to the correction coordinate. 5. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 4, wherein after the calibration track is generated, if the movement track of the detection terminal deviates from the range of the calibration track during the subsequent movement, the real-time movement distance at a current stage is directly calculated according to the real-time coordinate of the detection terminal. 6. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 4, wherein the correction coordinate is located at a vertical connection point between a real-time coordinate and a forward direction of movement. 7. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 3, wherein when the calibration track output by the path parameter model is annular, the number of movement laps is calculated by the detection terminal according to an initial coordinate. 8. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 1, wherein a range of the calibration track is to radiate circles with a circle center of any point on the calibration track and a radius of 10-20 meters. 9. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 3, wherein the path parameter model includes any one or more of international standard race track, rectangular track, circular track, and oval track. 10. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 1, wherein the detection terminal implements coordinate positioning based on any or more of Global Positioning System (GPS), BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), GLONASS Navigation Satellite System and GALILEO Navigation Satellite System. 11. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 1, wherein the calibration track is generated accordingly to a route file imported to the detection terminal. 12. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 11, wherein the route file is imported from a navigation map application built in the detection terminal or other devices. 13. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 11, wherein said correcting a distance recorded by the detection terminal specifically comprises: after the calibration track is generated, mapping the real-time coordinate of the detection terminal to the calibration track that is adjacent one another to form a correction coordinate if a subsequent movement track of the detection terminal is within a range of the calibration track; and calculating a real-time movement distance of the detection terminal according to the correction coordinate. 14. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 13, wherein after the calibration track is generated, if the movement track of the detection terminal deviates from the range of the calibration track during the subsequent movement, the real-time movement distance at a current stage is directly calculated according to the real-time coordinate of the detection terminal. 15. The distance measurement method based on moving coordinate positioning according to claim 13, wherein the correction coordinate is located at a vertical connection point between a real-time coordinate and a forward direction of movement. 16. A portal terminal device, comprising:
a portal detection terminal, comprising a calibration track generation module and a correction module; the calibration track generation module, adapted for generating a calibration track adaptive to a predetermined route in the detection terminal; the correction module, adapted for obtaining a real-time movement track of the detection terminal, and correcting a distance recorded by the detection terminal in real time according to a comparison result between the movement track and the calibration track. 17. The portal terminal device according to claim 16, wherein the calibration track generation module comprises at least one path parameter model adapted for generating the calibration track with a standard geometry according to data of the predetermined route that is input. 18. The portal terminal device according to claim 17, wherein the path parameter model is adapted for generating a preset calibration track corresponding to the predetermined route according to the data of the predetermined route, and taking the preset calibration track as the calibration track if the movement track of the detection terminal is within a range of the preset calibration track. 19. The portal terminal device according to claim 16, wherein the calibration track generation module is adapted for generating the calibration track according to a route file imported to the detection terminal. 20. The portal terminal device according to claim 19, wherein the route file is imported from a navigation map application built in the detection terminal or other devices. 21. The portal terminal device according to claim 17, wherein the correction module is adapted for performing a correction process including: after the calibration track is generated, mapping the real-time coordinate of the detection terminal to the calibration track that is adjacent one another to form a correction coordinate if a subsequent movement track of the detection terminal is within a range of the calibration track; and calculating a real-time movement distance of the detection terminal according to the correction coordinate. 22. The portal terminal device according to claim 21, wherein the correction module is further adapted for performing a correction process including if the movement track of the detection terminal deviates from the range of the calibration track, the real-time movement distance at a current stage is directly calculated according to the real-time coordinate of the detection terminal. 23. The portal terminal device according to claim 21, wherein the correction coordinate is located at a vertical connection point between a real-time coordinate and a forward direction of movement. 24. The portal terminal device according to claim 17, wherein the detection terminal is provided with a lap recorder which is adapted for calculating the number of movement laps accordingly to an initial coordinate of the detection terminal when the calibration track output by the path parameter model is annular. 25. The portal terminal device according to claim 16, wherein a range of the calibration track is to radiate circles with a circle center of any point on the calibration track and a radius of 10-20 meters. 26. The portal terminal device according to claim 17, wherein the path parameter model includes any one or more of international standard race track, rectangular track, circular track, and oval track. 27. The portal terminal device according to claim 16, wherein the detection terminal implements coordinate positioning based on any or more of Global Positioning System (GPS), BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), GLONASS Navigation Satellite System and GALILEO Navigation Satellite System. 28. A portal terminal device, comprising:
one or more processors; a memory; and one or more programs, stored in the memory and configured to be executed by said one or more processors, and said one or more programs comprising instructions for executing the distance measurement method based on the moving coordinate positioning according to claim 1. 29. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising a computer program for testing, and the computer program being executed by a processor to implement the distance measurement method based on the moving coordinate positioning according to claim 1. | 2,800 |
341,198 | 16,801,525 | 2,857 | A robotic food singulation system for providing individual food units in a predetermined arrangement from a whole raw food. A food preparation device outputs individual food units, one at a time, onto a conveyor belt. A programmed processor computes an identity score for the food unit, and evaluates a singulation quality based on characteristics from various sensors or cameras aimed at the conveyor and food unit. The system instructs a robotic arm to pick up the food unit and distribute it in a predetermined arrangement on a target substrate, optionally, with a jawless gripping and release assembly. The target substrate may be a storage device or another food item itself depending on the food assembly instructions. Related methods are also described. | 1. A robotic food singulation system for preparing individual food units from a raw food, the system comprising:
a conveyor system comprising a conveyor belt; a food preparation device arranged above the conveyor belt and adapted to accept the raw food and output a plurality of food units, one food unit at a time, onto the conveyor belt; at least one sensor or camera aimed at the conveyor belt; a robotic arm adapted to pick up the food units, one at a time, from the conveyor and place the food units, one at a time, on a target substrate; a memory device having stored thereon multiple patterns or arrangements for the food items on a target substrate; and a processor operable to:
determine the presence of each food unit on the conveyor belt;
determine an identity score for the food unit on the conveyor belt;
evaluate singulation quality of the food item based on a plurality of characteristics of the food unit while on the conveyor belt;
compute a pickup location of the food unit for pickup;
instruct the robotic arm to pick up the food unit; and
instruct the robotic arm to place the food unit on a target substrate according to one of said arrangements or patterns from the memory device. 2. The robotic food singulation system of claim 1, wherein the food preparation device is a slicer, and operable to output individual slices of the raw food. 3. The robotic food singulation system of claim 1, wherein the computed pickup location of the food item is based on belt speed, computed trajectory, and present location of the food item. 4. The robotic food singulation system of claim 1, further comprising a food unit classifier trained using individual food units on a moving conveyor belt, and wherein the identity score is based on output from the classifier. 5. The robotic food singulation system of claim 1, further comprising a food quality module, wherein the processor is operable to evaluate quality of the singulation by computing a score of each food unit, and wherein the score is based on a characteristic of the food unit. 6. The robotic food singulation system of claim 5, wherein the characteristic is selected from the group consisting of quantity and edge continuity. 7. The robotic food singulation system of claim 1, further comprising a jawless gripping assembly secured to the robotic arm to lift and hold the individual food item. 8. The robotic food singulation system of claim 7, wherein the jawless gripping assembly comprises:
a body; a distal region, the distal region comprising at least one lift port; and a first fluid flowpath through at least a portion of the body, and to the at least one lift port such that when a gas flows along the first fluid flowpath and exits through the at least one lift port, and a food item is adjacent the distal region, a pressure differential is created across the food item sufficient to lift and hold the food item to the distal region. 9. The robotic food singulation system of claim 8, wherein the body of jawless gripping assembly further comprises a second fluid flowpath through at least a portion of the body, and to at least one release port on the distal region such that when a gas flows along the second fluid flowpath and exits through the at least one release port, and a food item is stuck to the distal region despite the termination of gas flow along the first fluid flowpath, a pressure force is created sufficient to detach the food item from the distal region. 10. The robotic food singulation system of claim 9, further comprising a gas jet module operable to instruct a device to stop flow of gas along the first fluid flow path and to activate gas flow along the second fluid flow path. 11. A jawless gripping assembly for use with a robotic arm to assemble food in a kitchen environment, said jawless gripping assembly comprising:
a body; a distal region, the distal region comprising:
a first area comprising at least one release port, and
a second area outside the first area on the distal region and comprising at least one lift port;
a first fluid flowpath through at least a portion of the body, and to the at least one lift port in the second area such that when a gas flows along the first fluid flowpath and exits through the at least one lift port, and a food item is adjacent the distal region, a pressure differential is created across the food item sufficient to lift and hold the food item to the distal region; and a second fluid flowpath through at least a portion of the body, and to the at least one release port of the first area such that when a gas flows along the second fluid flowpath and exits through the at least one release port, and a food item is stuck to the distal region despite termination of gas flow along the first fluid flowpath, a pressure force is created sufficient to detach the food item from the distal region. 12. The jawless gripping assembly of claim 11, wherein the at least one lift port comprises an arcuate-shaped openings, collectively forming an annular or donut shape. 13. The jawless gripping assembly of claim 12, wherein the at least one release port comprises at least 6 release ports. 14. The jawless gripping assembly of claim 13, wherein the plurality of release ports collectively occupy less than 25% of the first area. 15. The jawless gripping assembly of claim 11, wherein the first and second flowpaths are formed through the body by a manufacturing technique selected from machining, 3D printing, casting, and injection molding. 16. The jawless gripping assembly of claim 11, wherein the first area is a cavity in the distal region defined by a perimeter wall. 17. The jawless gripping assembly of claim 11, wherein the body defines a main channel and an exit manifold for the first fluid flow path. 18. The jawless gripping assembly of claim 17, wherein the exit manifold leads to said at least one lift port, and said at least one lift port has an annular arrangement with a bell mouth curvature expanding in the direction of gas flow. 19. A robot automated method for prepping food in a kitchen environment, the method comprising at least the following steps:
detecting each food unit; determining an identity for the food unit; evaluating singulation quality of the food item based on a plurality of characteristics of the food unit; creating a gas pressure differential across the food item to pick up the food unit; robotically locating the food item above a target substrate and according to a predetermined arrangement; and depositing the food item on said target substrate according to the predetermined arrangement. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the depositing step is performed with a gas jet stream. | A robotic food singulation system for providing individual food units in a predetermined arrangement from a whole raw food. A food preparation device outputs individual food units, one at a time, onto a conveyor belt. A programmed processor computes an identity score for the food unit, and evaluates a singulation quality based on characteristics from various sensors or cameras aimed at the conveyor and food unit. The system instructs a robotic arm to pick up the food unit and distribute it in a predetermined arrangement on a target substrate, optionally, with a jawless gripping and release assembly. The target substrate may be a storage device or another food item itself depending on the food assembly instructions. Related methods are also described.1. A robotic food singulation system for preparing individual food units from a raw food, the system comprising:
a conveyor system comprising a conveyor belt; a food preparation device arranged above the conveyor belt and adapted to accept the raw food and output a plurality of food units, one food unit at a time, onto the conveyor belt; at least one sensor or camera aimed at the conveyor belt; a robotic arm adapted to pick up the food units, one at a time, from the conveyor and place the food units, one at a time, on a target substrate; a memory device having stored thereon multiple patterns or arrangements for the food items on a target substrate; and a processor operable to:
determine the presence of each food unit on the conveyor belt;
determine an identity score for the food unit on the conveyor belt;
evaluate singulation quality of the food item based on a plurality of characteristics of the food unit while on the conveyor belt;
compute a pickup location of the food unit for pickup;
instruct the robotic arm to pick up the food unit; and
instruct the robotic arm to place the food unit on a target substrate according to one of said arrangements or patterns from the memory device. 2. The robotic food singulation system of claim 1, wherein the food preparation device is a slicer, and operable to output individual slices of the raw food. 3. The robotic food singulation system of claim 1, wherein the computed pickup location of the food item is based on belt speed, computed trajectory, and present location of the food item. 4. The robotic food singulation system of claim 1, further comprising a food unit classifier trained using individual food units on a moving conveyor belt, and wherein the identity score is based on output from the classifier. 5. The robotic food singulation system of claim 1, further comprising a food quality module, wherein the processor is operable to evaluate quality of the singulation by computing a score of each food unit, and wherein the score is based on a characteristic of the food unit. 6. The robotic food singulation system of claim 5, wherein the characteristic is selected from the group consisting of quantity and edge continuity. 7. The robotic food singulation system of claim 1, further comprising a jawless gripping assembly secured to the robotic arm to lift and hold the individual food item. 8. The robotic food singulation system of claim 7, wherein the jawless gripping assembly comprises:
a body; a distal region, the distal region comprising at least one lift port; and a first fluid flowpath through at least a portion of the body, and to the at least one lift port such that when a gas flows along the first fluid flowpath and exits through the at least one lift port, and a food item is adjacent the distal region, a pressure differential is created across the food item sufficient to lift and hold the food item to the distal region. 9. The robotic food singulation system of claim 8, wherein the body of jawless gripping assembly further comprises a second fluid flowpath through at least a portion of the body, and to at least one release port on the distal region such that when a gas flows along the second fluid flowpath and exits through the at least one release port, and a food item is stuck to the distal region despite the termination of gas flow along the first fluid flowpath, a pressure force is created sufficient to detach the food item from the distal region. 10. The robotic food singulation system of claim 9, further comprising a gas jet module operable to instruct a device to stop flow of gas along the first fluid flow path and to activate gas flow along the second fluid flow path. 11. A jawless gripping assembly for use with a robotic arm to assemble food in a kitchen environment, said jawless gripping assembly comprising:
a body; a distal region, the distal region comprising:
a first area comprising at least one release port, and
a second area outside the first area on the distal region and comprising at least one lift port;
a first fluid flowpath through at least a portion of the body, and to the at least one lift port in the second area such that when a gas flows along the first fluid flowpath and exits through the at least one lift port, and a food item is adjacent the distal region, a pressure differential is created across the food item sufficient to lift and hold the food item to the distal region; and a second fluid flowpath through at least a portion of the body, and to the at least one release port of the first area such that when a gas flows along the second fluid flowpath and exits through the at least one release port, and a food item is stuck to the distal region despite termination of gas flow along the first fluid flowpath, a pressure force is created sufficient to detach the food item from the distal region. 12. The jawless gripping assembly of claim 11, wherein the at least one lift port comprises an arcuate-shaped openings, collectively forming an annular or donut shape. 13. The jawless gripping assembly of claim 12, wherein the at least one release port comprises at least 6 release ports. 14. The jawless gripping assembly of claim 13, wherein the plurality of release ports collectively occupy less than 25% of the first area. 15. The jawless gripping assembly of claim 11, wherein the first and second flowpaths are formed through the body by a manufacturing technique selected from machining, 3D printing, casting, and injection molding. 16. The jawless gripping assembly of claim 11, wherein the first area is a cavity in the distal region defined by a perimeter wall. 17. The jawless gripping assembly of claim 11, wherein the body defines a main channel and an exit manifold for the first fluid flow path. 18. The jawless gripping assembly of claim 17, wherein the exit manifold leads to said at least one lift port, and said at least one lift port has an annular arrangement with a bell mouth curvature expanding in the direction of gas flow. 19. A robot automated method for prepping food in a kitchen environment, the method comprising at least the following steps:
detecting each food unit; determining an identity for the food unit; evaluating singulation quality of the food item based on a plurality of characteristics of the food unit; creating a gas pressure differential across the food item to pick up the food unit; robotically locating the food item above a target substrate and according to a predetermined arrangement; and depositing the food item on said target substrate according to the predetermined arrangement. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the depositing step is performed with a gas jet stream. | 2,800 |
341,199 | 16,801,514 | 1,625 | The present disclosure encompasses solid state forms of Ixazomib Citrate and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. Also disclosed are processes for preparation of Ixazomib Citrate. | 1. A process for preparation of Ixazomib Citrate having low levels of residual solvents comprising A) providing crystalline form F of Ixazomib Citrate and B) converting crystalline form F of Ixazomib Citrate to Ixazomib Citrate having low levels of residual solvents. 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein form F, is obtained by a process comprising:
i) providing 2,5-Dichloro-N-[2-[[(1R)-1-[(3aS,4S,6S,7aR)-hexahydro-3a,5,5-trimethyl-4,6-methano-1,3,2-benzodioxaborol-2-yl]-3-methylbutyl] amino]-2-oxoethyl] benzamide, citric acid, acetone and HCl; ii) optionally concentrating the reaction mixture; iii) optionally seeding with Ixazomib Citrate form 2; iv) optionally diluting and/or optionally stirring; and v) optionally cooling and keeping at low temperature until crystallization is complete. 3. The process according to claim 2, wherein in step i) the amount of HCl may be less than equimolar amount, less than about 50 mol %, less than about 30 mol %, less than about 20 mol %, less than about 10 mol %, or less than about 5 mol % with respect to the starting material, 2,5-Dichloro-N-[2-[[(1R)-1-[(3aS,4S,6S,7aR)-hexahydro-3a,5,5-trimethyl-4,6-methano-1,3,2-benzodioxaborol-2-yl]-3-methylbutyl] amino]-2-oxoethyl] benzamide. 4. The process according to claim 1, wherein form F, is obtained by a process comprising:
a) providing Ixazomib Citrate in THF; b) warming the mixture to a temperature of about 40 to about 60° C. and stirring until dissolution; c) concentrating the mixture under vacuum to minimal volume; d) dissolving the residue in acetone; and e) optionally seeding with crystalline Ixazomib Citrate or stirring until spontaneous crystallization occurs. 5. The process according to claim 1, wherein step B) comprises a step of filtering the reaction mixture and drying to afford Ixazomib Citrate. 6. The process according to claim 1, wherein form F is substantially free of any other form of Ixazomib Citrate. 7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the obtained Ixazomib citrate is form 2 of Ixazomib Citrate. 8. The process according to claim 2, wherein the obtained Ixazomib citrate is form 2 of Ixazomib Citrate. 9. The process according to claim 3, wherein the obtained Ixazomib citrate is form 2 of Ixazomib Citrate. 10. The process according to claim 4, wherein the obtained Ixazomib citrate is form 2 of Ixazomib Citrate. 11. The process according to claim 5, wherein the obtained Ixazomib citrate is form 2 of Ixazomib Citrate. 12. The process according to claim 6, wherein the obtained Ixazomib citrate is form 2 of Ixazomib Citrate. 13. Crystalline Form 2 of Ixazomib citrate, which is substantially free of form 1 of Ixazomib citrate, and is characterized by any one of the following:
having less than about 5000 ppm of acetone, containing about 40 to about 4000 ppm of acetone, containing 40 to about 3000 of acetone, or containing 40 to about 2000 ppm of acetone; having less than about 5000 ppm of ethyl acetate, less than about 3000 ppm of ethyl acetate, less than about 1000 ppm of ethyl acetate, or less than about 100 ppm of ethyl acetate; having less than about 720 ppm of THF, containing about 30 to about 720 ppm of THF, containing about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm of THF, or containing about 30 ppm to about 200 ppm of THF; and combinations of these data. 14. The crystalline form 2 according to claim 13, wherein form 2 contains less than about 10 wt %, less than 5 wt %, less than 2 wt %, or less than 1 wt %, of crystalline Form 1 of Ixazomib Citrate, as measured by XRPD. 15. Crystalline Form 1 of Ixazomib citrate, which is substantially free of form 2 of Ixazomib citrate, and is characterized by any one of the following:
having less than about 5000 ppm of acetone, containing about 40 to about 4000 ppm of acetone, containing 40 to about 3000 of acetone, or containing 40 to about 2000 ppm of acetone; having less than about 5000 ppm of ethyl acetate, less than about 3000 ppm of ethyl acetate, less than about 1000 ppm of ethyl acetate, or less than about 100 ppm of ethyl acetate; having less than about 720 ppm of THF, containing about 30 to about 720 ppm of THF, containing about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm of THF, or containing about 30 ppm to about 200 ppm of THF; and combinations of these data. 16. The crystalline form 1 according to claim 15, wherein form 1 contains less than about 10 wt %, less than 5 wt %, less than 2 wt %, or less than 1 wt %, of crystalline Form 2 of Ixazomib Citrate, as measured by XRPD. | The present disclosure encompasses solid state forms of Ixazomib Citrate and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. Also disclosed are processes for preparation of Ixazomib Citrate.1. A process for preparation of Ixazomib Citrate having low levels of residual solvents comprising A) providing crystalline form F of Ixazomib Citrate and B) converting crystalline form F of Ixazomib Citrate to Ixazomib Citrate having low levels of residual solvents. 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein form F, is obtained by a process comprising:
i) providing 2,5-Dichloro-N-[2-[[(1R)-1-[(3aS,4S,6S,7aR)-hexahydro-3a,5,5-trimethyl-4,6-methano-1,3,2-benzodioxaborol-2-yl]-3-methylbutyl] amino]-2-oxoethyl] benzamide, citric acid, acetone and HCl; ii) optionally concentrating the reaction mixture; iii) optionally seeding with Ixazomib Citrate form 2; iv) optionally diluting and/or optionally stirring; and v) optionally cooling and keeping at low temperature until crystallization is complete. 3. The process according to claim 2, wherein in step i) the amount of HCl may be less than equimolar amount, less than about 50 mol %, less than about 30 mol %, less than about 20 mol %, less than about 10 mol %, or less than about 5 mol % with respect to the starting material, 2,5-Dichloro-N-[2-[[(1R)-1-[(3aS,4S,6S,7aR)-hexahydro-3a,5,5-trimethyl-4,6-methano-1,3,2-benzodioxaborol-2-yl]-3-methylbutyl] amino]-2-oxoethyl] benzamide. 4. The process according to claim 1, wherein form F, is obtained by a process comprising:
a) providing Ixazomib Citrate in THF; b) warming the mixture to a temperature of about 40 to about 60° C. and stirring until dissolution; c) concentrating the mixture under vacuum to minimal volume; d) dissolving the residue in acetone; and e) optionally seeding with crystalline Ixazomib Citrate or stirring until spontaneous crystallization occurs. 5. The process according to claim 1, wherein step B) comprises a step of filtering the reaction mixture and drying to afford Ixazomib Citrate. 6. The process according to claim 1, wherein form F is substantially free of any other form of Ixazomib Citrate. 7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the obtained Ixazomib citrate is form 2 of Ixazomib Citrate. 8. The process according to claim 2, wherein the obtained Ixazomib citrate is form 2 of Ixazomib Citrate. 9. The process according to claim 3, wherein the obtained Ixazomib citrate is form 2 of Ixazomib Citrate. 10. The process according to claim 4, wherein the obtained Ixazomib citrate is form 2 of Ixazomib Citrate. 11. The process according to claim 5, wherein the obtained Ixazomib citrate is form 2 of Ixazomib Citrate. 12. The process according to claim 6, wherein the obtained Ixazomib citrate is form 2 of Ixazomib Citrate. 13. Crystalline Form 2 of Ixazomib citrate, which is substantially free of form 1 of Ixazomib citrate, and is characterized by any one of the following:
having less than about 5000 ppm of acetone, containing about 40 to about 4000 ppm of acetone, containing 40 to about 3000 of acetone, or containing 40 to about 2000 ppm of acetone; having less than about 5000 ppm of ethyl acetate, less than about 3000 ppm of ethyl acetate, less than about 1000 ppm of ethyl acetate, or less than about 100 ppm of ethyl acetate; having less than about 720 ppm of THF, containing about 30 to about 720 ppm of THF, containing about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm of THF, or containing about 30 ppm to about 200 ppm of THF; and combinations of these data. 14. The crystalline form 2 according to claim 13, wherein form 2 contains less than about 10 wt %, less than 5 wt %, less than 2 wt %, or less than 1 wt %, of crystalline Form 1 of Ixazomib Citrate, as measured by XRPD. 15. Crystalline Form 1 of Ixazomib citrate, which is substantially free of form 2 of Ixazomib citrate, and is characterized by any one of the following:
having less than about 5000 ppm of acetone, containing about 40 to about 4000 ppm of acetone, containing 40 to about 3000 of acetone, or containing 40 to about 2000 ppm of acetone; having less than about 5000 ppm of ethyl acetate, less than about 3000 ppm of ethyl acetate, less than about 1000 ppm of ethyl acetate, or less than about 100 ppm of ethyl acetate; having less than about 720 ppm of THF, containing about 30 to about 720 ppm of THF, containing about 30 ppm to about 500 ppm of THF, or containing about 30 ppm to about 200 ppm of THF; and combinations of these data. 16. The crystalline form 1 according to claim 15, wherein form 1 contains less than about 10 wt %, less than 5 wt %, less than 2 wt %, or less than 1 wt %, of crystalline Form 2 of Ixazomib Citrate, as measured by XRPD. | 1,600 |
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