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338,800 | 16,641,807 | 2,612 | A method that includes changing a probe angle with respect to the conductor surface of a substrate that has a flat conductor surface mounted on the mounting surface of a stage in a high-frequency test system, thereby changing the state of contact of the tip of a signal terminal and tip of a ground terminal with the conductor surface, outputting high-frequency signals from the signal terminal to the conductor surface and receiving reflected signals using the probe to find S-parameters at different probe angles, and determining, based on a plurality of the S-parameters, a reference probe angle at which the reference line formed connecting the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal is parallel with the conductor surface. | 1. A method for determining a reference angle of a probe around a rotation axis in a high-frequency test system including
a controller, a vector network analyzer controlled by the controller, a stage having a flat mounting surface on which a device under test is mounted, a probe having a signal terminal and ground terminal that are able to send and receive signals with the vector network analyzer, the probe being able to change the state of contact of the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal with the device under test by rotating with the rotation axis as the center, and a driving unit that is controlled by the controller and causes rotation of the probe around the rotation axis, comprising: the controller controlling the driving unit to change the angle of the probe around the rotation axis, thereby changing the state of contact of the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal, with the conductor surface of the substrate that has a flat conductor surface mounted on the mounting surface of the stage, while controlling the vector network analyzer to output a high-frequency signal from the signal terminal to the conductor surface and receive a reflected signal using the probe to find the S-parameter, at different angles of the probe around the rotation axis; and the controller determining, based on a plurality of the S-parameters, the reference angle of the probe around the rotation axis at which the reference line formed connecting the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal is parallel with the conductor surface. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining the reference angle comprises
the controller finding the phases of a plurality of the reflected signals based on a plurality of the S-parameters, and based on a result of changing the angle of the probe around the rotation axis, determining the angle at which the phase of the reflected signal is a negative value and exhibits the local maximum, as the reference angle of the probe around the rotation axis. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the probe has one signal terminal. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein
the probe has two signal terminals, and the finding the S-parameter comprises: the controller controlling the driving unit to change the angle of the probe around the rotation axis, thereby changing the state of contact of the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal with the conductor surface of the substrate, while controlling the vector network analyzer to output a high-frequency signal from the first signal terminal and the second signal terminal to the conductor surface and receive first reflected signals and second reflected signals using the probe, at different angles of the probe around the rotation axis, to find first S-parameters and second S-parameters and the determining the reference angle comprises: the controller, finding the phases of a plurality of the first reflected signals based on a plurality of the first S-parameters and finding the phases of a plurality of the second reflected signals based on a plurality of the second S-parameters; and based on a result of changing the angle of the probe around the rotation axis, determining the angle at which the phase of the first reflected signal is a negative value and exhibits the local maximum and the phase of the second reflected signal is a negative value and exhibits the local maximum, as the reference angle of the probe around the rotation axis. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining the reference angle comprises
the controller, based on a result of changing the angle of the probe around the rotation axis, finding a first angle of the probe around the rotation axis when the S-parameter has entered a predetermined region from outside the predetermined region on a complex plane, as a result of changing the angle of the probe around the rotation axis, finding a second angle of the probe around the rotation axis when the S-parameter has exited the predetermined region from inside the predetermined region; and determining the average value of the first angle and second angle as the reference angle of the probe around the rotation axis. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the probe has one signal terminal. 7. The method according to claim 5, wherein
the probe has two signal terminals, and the finding the S-parameter includes: the controller controlling the driving unit to change the angle of the probe around the rotation axis, thereby changing the state of contact of the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal with the conductor surface of the substrate, while controlling the vector network analyzer to output a high-frequency signal from the first signal terminal and the second signal terminal to the conductor surface and receive first reflected signals and second reflected signals using the probe, at different angles of the probe around the rotation axis, to find first S-parameters and second S-parameters, and the determining the reference angle comprises: the controller, based on a result of changing the rotation axis of the probe, finding a first angle of the probe around the rotation axis when both the first S-parameter and the second S-parameter have entered into the predetermined region; the controller, based on a result of changing the angle of the probe around the rotation axis, finding a second angle of the probe around the rotation axis when either or both the first S-parameter and second S-parameter have exited out of the predetermined region from inside the predetermined region, and the controller determining the average of the first angle and second angle as the reference angle of the probe around the rotation axis. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the finding the S-parameter comprises the controller controlling the driving unit, with reference to a state of having caused contact between the conductor surface and at least one among the tip of the signal terminal and the ground terminal, to change the angle of the probe around the rotation axis to within a predetermined range. 9. A high-frequency test system comprising:
a controller; a vector network analyzer controlled by the controller; a stage having a flat mounting surface on which a Device Under Test is mounted; a probe having a signal terminal and ground terminal that are able to send and receive signals with the vector network analyzer, the probe being able to change the state of contact of the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal with the device under test by rotating with the rotation axis as the center; and a driving unit that is controlled by the controller and causes rotation of the probe around the rotation axis, wherein the controller controls the driving unit to change the angle of the probe around the rotation axis, thereby changing the state of contact of the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal with the conductor surface of the substrate that has a flat conductor surface mounted on the mounting surface of the stage, while controlling the vector network analyzer to output a high-frequency signal from the signal terminal to the conductor surface and receive a reflected signal using the probe to find the S-parameter, at different angles of the probe around the rotation axis, and determines, based on a plurality of the S-parameters, the reference angle of the probe around the rotation axis at which the reference line formed connecting the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal is parallel with the conductor surface. 10. (canceled) 11. A non-transitory storage medium that stores a computer program that causes a computer to execute determination of a reference angle of a probe around the rotation axis in a high-frequency test system including
a computer, a vector network analyzer controlled by the computer, a stage having a flat mounting surface on which a device under test is mounted, a probe having a signal terminal and ground terminal that are able to send and receive signals with the vector network analyzer, the probe being able to change the state of contact of the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal with the device under test by rotating with the rotation axis as the center, and a driving unit that is controlled by the computer and causes rotation of the probe around the rotation axis, the computer program causing the computer to execute: controlling of the driving unit to change the angle of the probe around the rotation axis, thereby changing the state of contact of the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal with the conductor surface of the substrate that has a flat conductor surface mounted on the mounting surface of the stage, while controlling the vector network analyzer to output a high-frequency signal from the signal terminal to the conductor surface and receive a reflected signal using the probe to find the S-parameter, at different angles of the probe around the rotation axis; and determining, based on a plurality of the S-parameters, the reference angle of the probe around the rotation axis at which the reference line formed connecting the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal is parallel with the conductor surface. | A method that includes changing a probe angle with respect to the conductor surface of a substrate that has a flat conductor surface mounted on the mounting surface of a stage in a high-frequency test system, thereby changing the state of contact of the tip of a signal terminal and tip of a ground terminal with the conductor surface, outputting high-frequency signals from the signal terminal to the conductor surface and receiving reflected signals using the probe to find S-parameters at different probe angles, and determining, based on a plurality of the S-parameters, a reference probe angle at which the reference line formed connecting the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal is parallel with the conductor surface.1. A method for determining a reference angle of a probe around a rotation axis in a high-frequency test system including
a controller, a vector network analyzer controlled by the controller, a stage having a flat mounting surface on which a device under test is mounted, a probe having a signal terminal and ground terminal that are able to send and receive signals with the vector network analyzer, the probe being able to change the state of contact of the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal with the device under test by rotating with the rotation axis as the center, and a driving unit that is controlled by the controller and causes rotation of the probe around the rotation axis, comprising: the controller controlling the driving unit to change the angle of the probe around the rotation axis, thereby changing the state of contact of the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal, with the conductor surface of the substrate that has a flat conductor surface mounted on the mounting surface of the stage, while controlling the vector network analyzer to output a high-frequency signal from the signal terminal to the conductor surface and receive a reflected signal using the probe to find the S-parameter, at different angles of the probe around the rotation axis; and the controller determining, based on a plurality of the S-parameters, the reference angle of the probe around the rotation axis at which the reference line formed connecting the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal is parallel with the conductor surface. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining the reference angle comprises
the controller finding the phases of a plurality of the reflected signals based on a plurality of the S-parameters, and based on a result of changing the angle of the probe around the rotation axis, determining the angle at which the phase of the reflected signal is a negative value and exhibits the local maximum, as the reference angle of the probe around the rotation axis. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the probe has one signal terminal. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein
the probe has two signal terminals, and the finding the S-parameter comprises: the controller controlling the driving unit to change the angle of the probe around the rotation axis, thereby changing the state of contact of the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal with the conductor surface of the substrate, while controlling the vector network analyzer to output a high-frequency signal from the first signal terminal and the second signal terminal to the conductor surface and receive first reflected signals and second reflected signals using the probe, at different angles of the probe around the rotation axis, to find first S-parameters and second S-parameters and the determining the reference angle comprises: the controller, finding the phases of a plurality of the first reflected signals based on a plurality of the first S-parameters and finding the phases of a plurality of the second reflected signals based on a plurality of the second S-parameters; and based on a result of changing the angle of the probe around the rotation axis, determining the angle at which the phase of the first reflected signal is a negative value and exhibits the local maximum and the phase of the second reflected signal is a negative value and exhibits the local maximum, as the reference angle of the probe around the rotation axis. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining the reference angle comprises
the controller, based on a result of changing the angle of the probe around the rotation axis, finding a first angle of the probe around the rotation axis when the S-parameter has entered a predetermined region from outside the predetermined region on a complex plane, as a result of changing the angle of the probe around the rotation axis, finding a second angle of the probe around the rotation axis when the S-parameter has exited the predetermined region from inside the predetermined region; and determining the average value of the first angle and second angle as the reference angle of the probe around the rotation axis. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the probe has one signal terminal. 7. The method according to claim 5, wherein
the probe has two signal terminals, and the finding the S-parameter includes: the controller controlling the driving unit to change the angle of the probe around the rotation axis, thereby changing the state of contact of the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal with the conductor surface of the substrate, while controlling the vector network analyzer to output a high-frequency signal from the first signal terminal and the second signal terminal to the conductor surface and receive first reflected signals and second reflected signals using the probe, at different angles of the probe around the rotation axis, to find first S-parameters and second S-parameters, and the determining the reference angle comprises: the controller, based on a result of changing the rotation axis of the probe, finding a first angle of the probe around the rotation axis when both the first S-parameter and the second S-parameter have entered into the predetermined region; the controller, based on a result of changing the angle of the probe around the rotation axis, finding a second angle of the probe around the rotation axis when either or both the first S-parameter and second S-parameter have exited out of the predetermined region from inside the predetermined region, and the controller determining the average of the first angle and second angle as the reference angle of the probe around the rotation axis. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the finding the S-parameter comprises the controller controlling the driving unit, with reference to a state of having caused contact between the conductor surface and at least one among the tip of the signal terminal and the ground terminal, to change the angle of the probe around the rotation axis to within a predetermined range. 9. A high-frequency test system comprising:
a controller; a vector network analyzer controlled by the controller; a stage having a flat mounting surface on which a Device Under Test is mounted; a probe having a signal terminal and ground terminal that are able to send and receive signals with the vector network analyzer, the probe being able to change the state of contact of the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal with the device under test by rotating with the rotation axis as the center; and a driving unit that is controlled by the controller and causes rotation of the probe around the rotation axis, wherein the controller controls the driving unit to change the angle of the probe around the rotation axis, thereby changing the state of contact of the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal with the conductor surface of the substrate that has a flat conductor surface mounted on the mounting surface of the stage, while controlling the vector network analyzer to output a high-frequency signal from the signal terminal to the conductor surface and receive a reflected signal using the probe to find the S-parameter, at different angles of the probe around the rotation axis, and determines, based on a plurality of the S-parameters, the reference angle of the probe around the rotation axis at which the reference line formed connecting the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal is parallel with the conductor surface. 10. (canceled) 11. A non-transitory storage medium that stores a computer program that causes a computer to execute determination of a reference angle of a probe around the rotation axis in a high-frequency test system including
a computer, a vector network analyzer controlled by the computer, a stage having a flat mounting surface on which a device under test is mounted, a probe having a signal terminal and ground terminal that are able to send and receive signals with the vector network analyzer, the probe being able to change the state of contact of the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal with the device under test by rotating with the rotation axis as the center, and a driving unit that is controlled by the computer and causes rotation of the probe around the rotation axis, the computer program causing the computer to execute: controlling of the driving unit to change the angle of the probe around the rotation axis, thereby changing the state of contact of the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal with the conductor surface of the substrate that has a flat conductor surface mounted on the mounting surface of the stage, while controlling the vector network analyzer to output a high-frequency signal from the signal terminal to the conductor surface and receive a reflected signal using the probe to find the S-parameter, at different angles of the probe around the rotation axis; and determining, based on a plurality of the S-parameters, the reference angle of the probe around the rotation axis at which the reference line formed connecting the tip of the signal terminal and tip of the ground terminal is parallel with the conductor surface. | 2,600 |
338,801 | 16,641,853 | 2,612 | The present disclosure provides an electroluminescent material, a method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material, and a luminescent device, by employing different electron donor units and electron acceptor units of acridine and carbazoles, and using two different donors to connect to an acceptor to form an asymmetric structure, an electroluminescent material, a method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material, and a luminescent device capable of emitting dark blue light with a high luminous efficiency are achieved. | 1. An electroluminescent material, wherein a structural formula of the electroluminescent material is R3—R1—R2, wherein a structural formula of the R1 group is selected from one of 2. The electroluminescent material of claim 1, wherein a peak value of a fluorescence emission of the electroluminescent material is between 425 nm and 450 nm. 3. A method for manufacturing an electroluminescent material, comprising:
providing a first reactant and a second reactant, and reacting the first reactant and the second reactant to generate a first intermediate product, wherein a structural formula of the first reactant is X1—R4—X2, wherein a structural formula of the R4 group is selected from one of 4. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 3, wherein in the step of reacting the first reactant and the second reactant to generate a first intermediate product, a relationship between a molar weight of the first reactant and a molar weight of the second reactant is that for 10 millimoles of the first reactant, there are 5 millimoles-15 millimoles of the second reactant. 5. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 3, wherein the first reactant and the second reactant are reacted in a first solvent to generate the first intermediate product, the first solvent comprises one or a group selected from N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, toluene, aniline, ethylbenzene, mesitylene, benzaldehyde, diphenyl ether, xylene, diethylbenzene, and chlorobenzene. 6. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 5, wherein the first solvent comprises a first additive, the first additive comprises one or a group selected from CuI, Cu, potassium carbonate, tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate, sodium tert-butoxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. 7. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 6, wherein the first additive is a group of CuI, Cu, and potassium carbonate. 8. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 3, wherein the step of reacting the third reactant and the first intermediate product to generate the second intermediate product, a relationship between a molar weight of the third reactant and a molar weight of the first intermediate product is that for 7 millimoles-10 millimoles of the third reactant, there are 8 millimoles of the first intermediate product. 9. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 3, wherein the third reactant and the first intermediate product are reacted in a second solvent to generate the second intermediate product, the second solvent comprises one or a group selected from toluene, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, aniline, ethylbenzene, mesitylene, benzaldehyde, diphenyl ether, xylene, diethylbenzene, and chlorobenzene. 10. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 9, wherein the second solvent comprises a second additive, the second additive comprises one or a group selected from tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium, tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate, sodium tert-butoxide, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate. 11. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 10, wherein the second solvent is a group of tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium, tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate, and sodium tert-butoxide. 12. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 3, wherein in the step of reacting the second intermediate product and the fourth reactant to generate the electroluminescent material, a relationship between a molar weight of the second intermediate product and a molar weight of the fourth reactant is that for 5 millimoles of the second intermediate product, there are 3 millimoles-7 millimoles of the fourth reactant. 13. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 3, wherein the second intermediate product and the fourth reactant are reacted in a third solvent to generate the electroluminescent material, the third solvent comprises one or a group selected from dichloromethane, chloroform, acetone, toluene, aniline, ethylbenzene, mesitylene, benzaldehyde, diphenyl ether, xylene, diethylbenzene, and chlorobenzene. 14. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 13, wherein the third solvent comprises a third additive, the third additive comprises one or a group selected from sodium hydroxide, tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate, sodium tert-butoxide, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate. 15. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 14, wherein the third solvent is sodium hydroxide. 16. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 3, wherein the fourth reactant comprises one or a group selected from m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, peroxybenzoic acid, m-phenylperoxybenzoic acid, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, and hydrogen peroxide. 17. A luminescent device, comprising:
a substrate base layer, wherein the substrate layer comprises a base and an anode layer, and the anode layer is formed on the base; a hole injection layer, wherein the hole injection layer is formed on the anode layer; a hole transport layer, wherein the hole transport layer is formed on the hole injection layer; a luminescent layer, wherein the luminescent layer is formed on the hole transport layer; an electronic transport layer, wherein the electronic transport layer is formed on the luminescent layer; and a cathode layer, wherein the cathode layer is formed on the electronic transport layer; wherein the luminescent layer comprises an electroluminescent material, wherein a structural formula of the electroluminescent material is R3—R1—R2, wherein a structural formula of the R1 group is selected from one of | The present disclosure provides an electroluminescent material, a method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material, and a luminescent device, by employing different electron donor units and electron acceptor units of acridine and carbazoles, and using two different donors to connect to an acceptor to form an asymmetric structure, an electroluminescent material, a method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material, and a luminescent device capable of emitting dark blue light with a high luminous efficiency are achieved.1. An electroluminescent material, wherein a structural formula of the electroluminescent material is R3—R1—R2, wherein a structural formula of the R1 group is selected from one of 2. The electroluminescent material of claim 1, wherein a peak value of a fluorescence emission of the electroluminescent material is between 425 nm and 450 nm. 3. A method for manufacturing an electroluminescent material, comprising:
providing a first reactant and a second reactant, and reacting the first reactant and the second reactant to generate a first intermediate product, wherein a structural formula of the first reactant is X1—R4—X2, wherein a structural formula of the R4 group is selected from one of 4. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 3, wherein in the step of reacting the first reactant and the second reactant to generate a first intermediate product, a relationship between a molar weight of the first reactant and a molar weight of the second reactant is that for 10 millimoles of the first reactant, there are 5 millimoles-15 millimoles of the second reactant. 5. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 3, wherein the first reactant and the second reactant are reacted in a first solvent to generate the first intermediate product, the first solvent comprises one or a group selected from N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, toluene, aniline, ethylbenzene, mesitylene, benzaldehyde, diphenyl ether, xylene, diethylbenzene, and chlorobenzene. 6. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 5, wherein the first solvent comprises a first additive, the first additive comprises one or a group selected from CuI, Cu, potassium carbonate, tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate, sodium tert-butoxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. 7. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 6, wherein the first additive is a group of CuI, Cu, and potassium carbonate. 8. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 3, wherein the step of reacting the third reactant and the first intermediate product to generate the second intermediate product, a relationship between a molar weight of the third reactant and a molar weight of the first intermediate product is that for 7 millimoles-10 millimoles of the third reactant, there are 8 millimoles of the first intermediate product. 9. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 3, wherein the third reactant and the first intermediate product are reacted in a second solvent to generate the second intermediate product, the second solvent comprises one or a group selected from toluene, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, aniline, ethylbenzene, mesitylene, benzaldehyde, diphenyl ether, xylene, diethylbenzene, and chlorobenzene. 10. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 9, wherein the second solvent comprises a second additive, the second additive comprises one or a group selected from tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium, tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate, sodium tert-butoxide, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate. 11. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 10, wherein the second solvent is a group of tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium, tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate, and sodium tert-butoxide. 12. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 3, wherein in the step of reacting the second intermediate product and the fourth reactant to generate the electroluminescent material, a relationship between a molar weight of the second intermediate product and a molar weight of the fourth reactant is that for 5 millimoles of the second intermediate product, there are 3 millimoles-7 millimoles of the fourth reactant. 13. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 3, wherein the second intermediate product and the fourth reactant are reacted in a third solvent to generate the electroluminescent material, the third solvent comprises one or a group selected from dichloromethane, chloroform, acetone, toluene, aniline, ethylbenzene, mesitylene, benzaldehyde, diphenyl ether, xylene, diethylbenzene, and chlorobenzene. 14. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 13, wherein the third solvent comprises a third additive, the third additive comprises one or a group selected from sodium hydroxide, tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate, sodium tert-butoxide, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate. 15. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 14, wherein the third solvent is sodium hydroxide. 16. The method for manufacturing the electroluminescent material of claim 3, wherein the fourth reactant comprises one or a group selected from m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, peroxybenzoic acid, m-phenylperoxybenzoic acid, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, and hydrogen peroxide. 17. A luminescent device, comprising:
a substrate base layer, wherein the substrate layer comprises a base and an anode layer, and the anode layer is formed on the base; a hole injection layer, wherein the hole injection layer is formed on the anode layer; a hole transport layer, wherein the hole transport layer is formed on the hole injection layer; a luminescent layer, wherein the luminescent layer is formed on the hole transport layer; an electronic transport layer, wherein the electronic transport layer is formed on the luminescent layer; and a cathode layer, wherein the cathode layer is formed on the electronic transport layer; wherein the luminescent layer comprises an electroluminescent material, wherein a structural formula of the electroluminescent material is R3—R1—R2, wherein a structural formula of the R1 group is selected from one of | 2,600 |
338,802 | 16,641,827 | 1,774 | This disclosure relates to SA alkylation reactor systems. The reactor system involves a closed reactor vessel comprising a shell, a vapor outlet, and an emulsion outlet. The reactor system also involves a distributor located at the lower portion of the reactor vessel, a mixer fluidly connected with the distributor, and an emulsion pump fluidly connected with the mixer and the emulsion outlet, wherein the emulsion pump is located outside the reactor vessel. This disclosure also relates to a split SA alkylation reactor system wherein a single horizontal reactor vessel is divided to accommodate two reactor systems. This disclosure also relates to alkylation processes using the reactor systems. This disclosure also relates to methods of converting an HF alkylation unit to a SA alkylation unit. This disclosure also relates to converted SA alkylation units and alkylation processes performed in the converted SA alkylation units. | 1. A sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system comprising:
(a) a closed reactor vessel comprising a shell, a vapor outlet, and an emulsion outlet; (b) a distributor located at the lower portion of the reactor vessel; (c) a mixer fluidly connected with the distributor; and (d) an emulsion pump fluidly connected with the mixer and the emulsion outlet; wherein the emulsion pump is located outside the reactor vessel. 2. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 1, wherein the mixer is an internal static mixer located at the lower portion of the reactor vessel, the distributor is downstream of the internal static mixer and is directly connected with the internal static mixer. 3. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 2 further comprising an external static mixer fluidly connected with the internal static mixer and the emulsion pump, wherein the external static mixer is located outside the reactor vessel. 4. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 1, wherein the mixer is an in-line rotor stator mixer fluidly connected with the distributor, and the in-line rotor stator mixer is located outside the reactor vessel and is upstream of the distributor. 5. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 4 further comprising an external static mixer fluidly connected with the in-line rotor stator mixer and the emulsion pump, wherein the external static mixer is located outside the reactor vessel. 6. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as in one of claims 1-5, wherein the reactor vessel further comprises a second emulsion outlet fluidly connected with a sulfuric acid settler outside the reactor vessel. 7. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as in one of claims 1-5, wherein the reactor vessel further comprises a partition baffle, a coalescing media, a spent acid outlet, and a net effluent outlet; the partition baffle and the coalescing media extend upwardly from the bottom of the reactor vessel respectively, the coalescing media is downstream of the partition baffle and defines a reaction zone and an acid settling zone inside the reactor vessel, the reaction zone is upstream of the coalescing media, the acid settling zone is downstream of the coalescing media, the emulsion pump is also fluidly connected with the spent acid outlet, and the distributor is located at the reaction zone. 8. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 7, wherein the reactor vessel further comprises a second partition baffle extending upwardly from the bottom of the reactor vessel, the second partition baffle is downstream of the coalescing media and defines an effluent zone downstream of the second partition baffle. 9. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as in any of the preceding claims, wherein the reactor system further comprises a plurality of draft tubes extending upwardly from above the distributor. 10. A split sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system comprising:
(a) a closed horizontal reactor vessel comprising a shell, a vapor outlet, a first emulsion outlet, a second emulsion outlet, a first partition baffle, a first coalescing media, a second partition baffle, a second coalescing media, a spent acid outlet, and a net effluent outlet; (b) a first distributor located at the lower portion of the reactor vessel; (c) a second distributor located at the lower portion of the reactor vessel; (d) a first mixer fluidly connected with the first distributor; (e) a second mixer fluidly connected with the second distributor; (f) a first emulsion pump fluidly connected with the first mixer, the first emulsion outlet, and the spent acid outlet; and (g) a second emulsion pump fluidly connected with the second mixer, the second emulsion outlet, and the spent acid outlet; wherein the first partition baffle, the second partition baffle, the first coalescing media, and the second coalescing media extend upwardly from the bottom of the reactor vessel respectively, the first coalescing media is downstream of the first partition baffle, the second coalescing media is downstream of the second partition baffle, the first coalescing media and the second coalescing media define a first reaction zone, a second reaction zone and an acid settling zone inside the reactor vessel, the first reaction zone is upstream of the first coalescing media, the second reaction zone is upstream of the second coalescing media, the acid settling zone is between the first coalescing media and the second coalescing media, the first distributor is located at the first reaction zone, the second distributor is located at the second reaction zone, the first emulsion pump and the second emulsion pump are located outside the reactor vessel. 11. The split sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 10, wherein the first mixer is a first internal static mixer located at the lower portion of the first reaction zone, the first distributor is downstream of the first internal static mixer and is directly connected with the first internal static mixer, the second mixer is a second internal static mixer located at the lower portion of the second reaction zone, the second distributor is downstream of the second internal static mixer and is directly connected with the second internal static mixer. 12. The split sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 11 further comprising a first external static mixer fluidly connected with the first internal static mixer and the first emulsion pump, and a second external static mixer fluidly connected with the second internal static mixer and the second emulsion pump, wherein both the first external static mixer and the second external static mixer are located outside the reactor vessel. 13. The split sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 10, wherein the first mixer is a first in-line rotor stator mixer fluidly connected with the first distributor, the second mixer is a second in-line rotor stator mixer fluidly connected with the second distributor, the first in-line rotor stator mixer is located outside the reactor vessel and is upstream of the first distributor, and the second in-line rotor stator mixer is located outside the reactor vessel and is upstream of the second distributor. 14. The split sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 13 further comprising a first external static mixer fluidly connected with the first in-line rotor stator mixer and the first emulsion pump, and a second external static mixer fluidly connected with the second in-line rotor stator mixer and the second emulsion pump, wherein both the first external static mixer and the second external static mixer are located outside the reactor vessel. 15. The split sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as in one of claims 10-14, wherein the reactor system further comprises a plurality of first draft tubes extending upwardly from above the first distributor, and a plurality of second draft tubes extending upwardly from above the second distributor. 16. The split sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as in one of claims 10-15, wherein the reactor system further comprises a raised sump having an open top and an outlet, the raised sump is inside the reactor vessel, and the outlet either is the net effluent outlet or is directly connected with the net effluent outlet. 17. An alkylation process comprising contacting an olefin with an isoparaffin in the presence of a sulfuric acid catalyst to produce a product mixture comprising an alkylate wherein the contacting is performed in the reactor system as set forth in any of the preceding claims. 18. A method for converting a hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit which utilizes hydrogen fluoride as a reaction catalyst to a sulfuric acid alkylation unit, the method comprising:
(a) substituting sulfuric acid for hydrogen fluoride as the reaction catalyst; and (b) modifying a suitable vessel in the hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit to provide a sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as set forth in one of claims 1-9 or a split sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as set forth in one of claims 10-16, wherein the suitable vessel is retained as the reactor vessel in the sulfuric acid alkylation reactor systems. 19. A method for converting a hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit which utilizes hydrogen fluoride as a reaction catalyst to a sulfuric acid alkylation unit, the method comprising:
(a) substituting sulfuric acid for hydrogen fluoride as the reaction catalyst; and (b) providing a sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as set forth in one of claims 1-9 or a split sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as set forth in one of claims 10-16, wherein a new vessel is provided as the reactor vessel in the sulfuric acid alkylation reactor systems. 20. A converted sulfuric acid alkylation unit comprising a sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as set forth in one of claims 1-9 or a split sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as set forth in one of claims 10-16. | This disclosure relates to SA alkylation reactor systems. The reactor system involves a closed reactor vessel comprising a shell, a vapor outlet, and an emulsion outlet. The reactor system also involves a distributor located at the lower portion of the reactor vessel, a mixer fluidly connected with the distributor, and an emulsion pump fluidly connected with the mixer and the emulsion outlet, wherein the emulsion pump is located outside the reactor vessel. This disclosure also relates to a split SA alkylation reactor system wherein a single horizontal reactor vessel is divided to accommodate two reactor systems. This disclosure also relates to alkylation processes using the reactor systems. This disclosure also relates to methods of converting an HF alkylation unit to a SA alkylation unit. This disclosure also relates to converted SA alkylation units and alkylation processes performed in the converted SA alkylation units.1. A sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system comprising:
(a) a closed reactor vessel comprising a shell, a vapor outlet, and an emulsion outlet; (b) a distributor located at the lower portion of the reactor vessel; (c) a mixer fluidly connected with the distributor; and (d) an emulsion pump fluidly connected with the mixer and the emulsion outlet; wherein the emulsion pump is located outside the reactor vessel. 2. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 1, wherein the mixer is an internal static mixer located at the lower portion of the reactor vessel, the distributor is downstream of the internal static mixer and is directly connected with the internal static mixer. 3. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 2 further comprising an external static mixer fluidly connected with the internal static mixer and the emulsion pump, wherein the external static mixer is located outside the reactor vessel. 4. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 1, wherein the mixer is an in-line rotor stator mixer fluidly connected with the distributor, and the in-line rotor stator mixer is located outside the reactor vessel and is upstream of the distributor. 5. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 4 further comprising an external static mixer fluidly connected with the in-line rotor stator mixer and the emulsion pump, wherein the external static mixer is located outside the reactor vessel. 6. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as in one of claims 1-5, wherein the reactor vessel further comprises a second emulsion outlet fluidly connected with a sulfuric acid settler outside the reactor vessel. 7. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as in one of claims 1-5, wherein the reactor vessel further comprises a partition baffle, a coalescing media, a spent acid outlet, and a net effluent outlet; the partition baffle and the coalescing media extend upwardly from the bottom of the reactor vessel respectively, the coalescing media is downstream of the partition baffle and defines a reaction zone and an acid settling zone inside the reactor vessel, the reaction zone is upstream of the coalescing media, the acid settling zone is downstream of the coalescing media, the emulsion pump is also fluidly connected with the spent acid outlet, and the distributor is located at the reaction zone. 8. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 7, wherein the reactor vessel further comprises a second partition baffle extending upwardly from the bottom of the reactor vessel, the second partition baffle is downstream of the coalescing media and defines an effluent zone downstream of the second partition baffle. 9. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as in any of the preceding claims, wherein the reactor system further comprises a plurality of draft tubes extending upwardly from above the distributor. 10. A split sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system comprising:
(a) a closed horizontal reactor vessel comprising a shell, a vapor outlet, a first emulsion outlet, a second emulsion outlet, a first partition baffle, a first coalescing media, a second partition baffle, a second coalescing media, a spent acid outlet, and a net effluent outlet; (b) a first distributor located at the lower portion of the reactor vessel; (c) a second distributor located at the lower portion of the reactor vessel; (d) a first mixer fluidly connected with the first distributor; (e) a second mixer fluidly connected with the second distributor; (f) a first emulsion pump fluidly connected with the first mixer, the first emulsion outlet, and the spent acid outlet; and (g) a second emulsion pump fluidly connected with the second mixer, the second emulsion outlet, and the spent acid outlet; wherein the first partition baffle, the second partition baffle, the first coalescing media, and the second coalescing media extend upwardly from the bottom of the reactor vessel respectively, the first coalescing media is downstream of the first partition baffle, the second coalescing media is downstream of the second partition baffle, the first coalescing media and the second coalescing media define a first reaction zone, a second reaction zone and an acid settling zone inside the reactor vessel, the first reaction zone is upstream of the first coalescing media, the second reaction zone is upstream of the second coalescing media, the acid settling zone is between the first coalescing media and the second coalescing media, the first distributor is located at the first reaction zone, the second distributor is located at the second reaction zone, the first emulsion pump and the second emulsion pump are located outside the reactor vessel. 11. The split sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 10, wherein the first mixer is a first internal static mixer located at the lower portion of the first reaction zone, the first distributor is downstream of the first internal static mixer and is directly connected with the first internal static mixer, the second mixer is a second internal static mixer located at the lower portion of the second reaction zone, the second distributor is downstream of the second internal static mixer and is directly connected with the second internal static mixer. 12. The split sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 11 further comprising a first external static mixer fluidly connected with the first internal static mixer and the first emulsion pump, and a second external static mixer fluidly connected with the second internal static mixer and the second emulsion pump, wherein both the first external static mixer and the second external static mixer are located outside the reactor vessel. 13. The split sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 10, wherein the first mixer is a first in-line rotor stator mixer fluidly connected with the first distributor, the second mixer is a second in-line rotor stator mixer fluidly connected with the second distributor, the first in-line rotor stator mixer is located outside the reactor vessel and is upstream of the first distributor, and the second in-line rotor stator mixer is located outside the reactor vessel and is upstream of the second distributor. 14. The split sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 13 further comprising a first external static mixer fluidly connected with the first in-line rotor stator mixer and the first emulsion pump, and a second external static mixer fluidly connected with the second in-line rotor stator mixer and the second emulsion pump, wherein both the first external static mixer and the second external static mixer are located outside the reactor vessel. 15. The split sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as in one of claims 10-14, wherein the reactor system further comprises a plurality of first draft tubes extending upwardly from above the first distributor, and a plurality of second draft tubes extending upwardly from above the second distributor. 16. The split sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as in one of claims 10-15, wherein the reactor system further comprises a raised sump having an open top and an outlet, the raised sump is inside the reactor vessel, and the outlet either is the net effluent outlet or is directly connected with the net effluent outlet. 17. An alkylation process comprising contacting an olefin with an isoparaffin in the presence of a sulfuric acid catalyst to produce a product mixture comprising an alkylate wherein the contacting is performed in the reactor system as set forth in any of the preceding claims. 18. A method for converting a hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit which utilizes hydrogen fluoride as a reaction catalyst to a sulfuric acid alkylation unit, the method comprising:
(a) substituting sulfuric acid for hydrogen fluoride as the reaction catalyst; and (b) modifying a suitable vessel in the hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit to provide a sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as set forth in one of claims 1-9 or a split sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as set forth in one of claims 10-16, wherein the suitable vessel is retained as the reactor vessel in the sulfuric acid alkylation reactor systems. 19. A method for converting a hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit which utilizes hydrogen fluoride as a reaction catalyst to a sulfuric acid alkylation unit, the method comprising:
(a) substituting sulfuric acid for hydrogen fluoride as the reaction catalyst; and (b) providing a sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as set forth in one of claims 1-9 or a split sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as set forth in one of claims 10-16, wherein a new vessel is provided as the reactor vessel in the sulfuric acid alkylation reactor systems. 20. A converted sulfuric acid alkylation unit comprising a sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as set forth in one of claims 1-9 or a split sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system as set forth in one of claims 10-16. | 1,700 |
338,803 | 16,641,825 | 1,774 | Provided is a knowledge acquisition device for acquiring knowledge for performing reasoning taking into account characteristics of persons. A knowledge acquisition device 100 includes an acquisition unit 120 and an update unit 130. The acquisition unit 120 acquires knowledge representing a relationship between events relating to persons. The update unit 130 identifies, based on an attribute value possessed by each of a plurality of persons, an attribute value possessed by a person for whom the knowledge holds true among the plurality of persons. The acquisition unit 120 updates the knowledge in such a way that the updated knowledge holds true for a person having the identified attribute value, and outputs the updated knowledge. | 1. A knowledge acquisition device comprising:
a memory storing instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions to: acquire knowledge representing a relationship between events relating to persons; and identify, based on an attribute value possessed by each of a plurality of persons, an attribute value possessed by a person for whom the knowledge holds true among the plurality of persons, update the knowledge in such a way that the updated knowledge holds true for a person having the identified attribute value, and output the updated knowledge. 2. The knowledge acquisition device according to claim 1, wherein
the knowledge includes a presumptive event and a consequent event, and the knowledge is updated by adding, as a conjunction, an event indicating possession of the identified attribute value to the presumptive event in the knowledge. 3. The knowledge acquisition device according to claim 1, wherein
an attribute value influencing a relationship between the events is identified, among attribute values possessed by a person for whom the knowledge holds true among the plurality of persons, and the knowledge is updated in such a way that the knowledge holds true for a person having the identified attribute value. 4. A reasoning system comprising:
the knowledge acquisition device according to claim 1; and a reasoning device that performs reasoning for an event that is observed for a person, based on knowledge that is updated by the knowledge acquisition device. 5. The reasoning system according to claim 4, wherein
the reasoning device performs reasoning, assuming, for any person among the plurality of persons, that an event indicating possession of an attribute value of the person, and an event relating to a situation or a status of the person are events observed for the person. 6. The reasoning system according to claim 4, wherein
the reasoning device performs reasoning, assuming, for a new person, that an event indicating possession of an attribute value of a person being identified from the plurality of persons and having an attribute value that is similar to an attribute value of the new person, and an event relating to a situation or a status of the new person are events observed for the new person. 7. A knowledge acquisition method comprising:
acquiring knowledge representing a relationship between events relating to persons; identifying, based on an attribute value possessed by each of a plurality of persons, an attribute value possessed by a person for whom the knowledge holds true among the plurality of persons; updating the knowledge in such a way that the updated knowledge holds true for a person having the identified attribute value; and outputting the updated knowledge. 8. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium recording thereon a program, causing a computer to execute processes comprising:
acquiring knowledge representing a relationship between events relating to persons; identifying, based on an attribute value possessed by each of a plurality of persons, an attribute value possessed by a person for whom the knowledge holds true among the plurality of persons; updating the knowledge in such a way that the updated knowledge holds true for a person having the identified attribute value; and outputting the updated knowledge. | Provided is a knowledge acquisition device for acquiring knowledge for performing reasoning taking into account characteristics of persons. A knowledge acquisition device 100 includes an acquisition unit 120 and an update unit 130. The acquisition unit 120 acquires knowledge representing a relationship between events relating to persons. The update unit 130 identifies, based on an attribute value possessed by each of a plurality of persons, an attribute value possessed by a person for whom the knowledge holds true among the plurality of persons. The acquisition unit 120 updates the knowledge in such a way that the updated knowledge holds true for a person having the identified attribute value, and outputs the updated knowledge.1. A knowledge acquisition device comprising:
a memory storing instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions to: acquire knowledge representing a relationship between events relating to persons; and identify, based on an attribute value possessed by each of a plurality of persons, an attribute value possessed by a person for whom the knowledge holds true among the plurality of persons, update the knowledge in such a way that the updated knowledge holds true for a person having the identified attribute value, and output the updated knowledge. 2. The knowledge acquisition device according to claim 1, wherein
the knowledge includes a presumptive event and a consequent event, and the knowledge is updated by adding, as a conjunction, an event indicating possession of the identified attribute value to the presumptive event in the knowledge. 3. The knowledge acquisition device according to claim 1, wherein
an attribute value influencing a relationship between the events is identified, among attribute values possessed by a person for whom the knowledge holds true among the plurality of persons, and the knowledge is updated in such a way that the knowledge holds true for a person having the identified attribute value. 4. A reasoning system comprising:
the knowledge acquisition device according to claim 1; and a reasoning device that performs reasoning for an event that is observed for a person, based on knowledge that is updated by the knowledge acquisition device. 5. The reasoning system according to claim 4, wherein
the reasoning device performs reasoning, assuming, for any person among the plurality of persons, that an event indicating possession of an attribute value of the person, and an event relating to a situation or a status of the person are events observed for the person. 6. The reasoning system according to claim 4, wherein
the reasoning device performs reasoning, assuming, for a new person, that an event indicating possession of an attribute value of a person being identified from the plurality of persons and having an attribute value that is similar to an attribute value of the new person, and an event relating to a situation or a status of the new person are events observed for the new person. 7. A knowledge acquisition method comprising:
acquiring knowledge representing a relationship between events relating to persons; identifying, based on an attribute value possessed by each of a plurality of persons, an attribute value possessed by a person for whom the knowledge holds true among the plurality of persons; updating the knowledge in such a way that the updated knowledge holds true for a person having the identified attribute value; and outputting the updated knowledge. 8. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium recording thereon a program, causing a computer to execute processes comprising:
acquiring knowledge representing a relationship between events relating to persons; identifying, based on an attribute value possessed by each of a plurality of persons, an attribute value possessed by a person for whom the knowledge holds true among the plurality of persons; updating the knowledge in such a way that the updated knowledge holds true for a person having the identified attribute value; and outputting the updated knowledge. | 1,700 |
338,804 | 16,641,870 | 1,774 | The present invention provides a charged particle beam apparatus capable of efficiently reducing the effect of a residual magnetic field when SEM observation is performed. The charged particle beam apparatus according to the present invention includes a first mode for passing a direct current to a second coil after turning off a first coil, and a second mode for passing an alternating current to the second coil after turning off the first coil. | 1. A charged particle beam apparatus for irradiating a specimen with a charged particle beam, the apparatus comprising:
an electron beam irradiation unit that emits an electron beam to the specimen; and an objective lens for focusing the electron beam on the specimen, wherein the objective lens includes
a first magnetic pole piece,
a second magnetic pole piece that is disposed at a position away from an electron beam path with respect to the first magnetic pole piece,
a first coil that is disposed between the first magnetic pole piece and the second magnetic pole piece, and
a second coil that is disposed at a position away from an electron beam path with respect to the first magnetic pole piece,
the charged particle beam apparatus further comprises: a control unit that controls a current to be passed to the first coil and a current to be passed to the second coil; and a storage unit that stores an instruction to the control unit, wherein according to the instruction stored in the storage unit, the control unit performs at least one of a first mode for reducing an effect of a residual magnetic field remaining in the second magnetic pole piece by passing a direct current to the second coil after turning off a current flowing through to the first coil and a second mode for reducing an effect of a residual magnetic field remaining in the second magnetic pole piece by passing an alternating current to the second coil after turning off a current flowing through to the first coil. 2. The charged particle beam apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an ion beam irradiation unit that emits a focused ion beam to the specimen, wherein the control unit irradiates the specimen with the focused ion beam by controlling the ion beam irradiation unit while performing the first mode to process the specimen. 3. The charged particle beam apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit reduces a residual magnetic field remaining in the second magnetic pole piece with time by reducing an amplitude of the alternating current with time while the second mode is being performed. 4. The charged particle beam apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit is configured to be switchable between a first magnetic lens mode for forming a magnetic lens by passing a current to the first coil and a second magnetic lens mode for forming a magnetic lens by passing a current to the second coil, and the control unit performs at least one of the first mode and the second mode when an operation mode is switched between the first magnetic lens mode and the second magnetic lens mode. 5. The charged particle beam apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an ion beam irradiation unit that emits a focused ion beam to the specimen; and a user interface for inputting an instruction to the control unit, wherein the user interface has a specification field for specifying which of the first mode and the second mode is to be performed when the specimen is processed by using the focused ion beam, and according to the instruction entered for the specification field, the control unit performs at least one of the first mode and the second mode when processing the specimen by using the focused ion beam. 6. The charged particle beam apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third coil that is disposed at a position away from the electron beam path with respect to the second magnetic pole piece, wherein according to the instruction stored in the storage unit, the control unit performs at least one of a third mode for reducing an effect of a residual magnetic field remaining in the second magnetic pole piece by passing a direct current to the third coil after turning off the current flowing through the first coil and the current flowing through the second coil and a fourth mode for reducing an effect of the residual magnetic field remaining in the second magnetic pole piece by passing an alternating current to the third coil after turning off the current flowing through the first coil and the current flowing through the second coil. 7. The charged particle beam apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising:
a third magnetic pole piece that is disposed at a position away from the electron beam path with respect to the second coil, wherein the second magnetic pole piece and the third magnetic pole piece form a magnetic path surrounding the second coil. 8. The charged particle beam apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein at least one of the first coil and the second coil is formed by a plurality of coils. 9. The charged particle beam apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the number of turns of the second coil is equal to or greater than the number of turns of the first coil, and the number of turns of the first coil is equal to or greater than the number of turns of the third coil. 10. The charged particle beam apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the number of turns of the second coil is equal to or greater than the number of turns of the first coil. | The present invention provides a charged particle beam apparatus capable of efficiently reducing the effect of a residual magnetic field when SEM observation is performed. The charged particle beam apparatus according to the present invention includes a first mode for passing a direct current to a second coil after turning off a first coil, and a second mode for passing an alternating current to the second coil after turning off the first coil.1. A charged particle beam apparatus for irradiating a specimen with a charged particle beam, the apparatus comprising:
an electron beam irradiation unit that emits an electron beam to the specimen; and an objective lens for focusing the electron beam on the specimen, wherein the objective lens includes
a first magnetic pole piece,
a second magnetic pole piece that is disposed at a position away from an electron beam path with respect to the first magnetic pole piece,
a first coil that is disposed between the first magnetic pole piece and the second magnetic pole piece, and
a second coil that is disposed at a position away from an electron beam path with respect to the first magnetic pole piece,
the charged particle beam apparatus further comprises: a control unit that controls a current to be passed to the first coil and a current to be passed to the second coil; and a storage unit that stores an instruction to the control unit, wherein according to the instruction stored in the storage unit, the control unit performs at least one of a first mode for reducing an effect of a residual magnetic field remaining in the second magnetic pole piece by passing a direct current to the second coil after turning off a current flowing through to the first coil and a second mode for reducing an effect of a residual magnetic field remaining in the second magnetic pole piece by passing an alternating current to the second coil after turning off a current flowing through to the first coil. 2. The charged particle beam apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an ion beam irradiation unit that emits a focused ion beam to the specimen, wherein the control unit irradiates the specimen with the focused ion beam by controlling the ion beam irradiation unit while performing the first mode to process the specimen. 3. The charged particle beam apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit reduces a residual magnetic field remaining in the second magnetic pole piece with time by reducing an amplitude of the alternating current with time while the second mode is being performed. 4. The charged particle beam apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the control unit is configured to be switchable between a first magnetic lens mode for forming a magnetic lens by passing a current to the first coil and a second magnetic lens mode for forming a magnetic lens by passing a current to the second coil, and the control unit performs at least one of the first mode and the second mode when an operation mode is switched between the first magnetic lens mode and the second magnetic lens mode. 5. The charged particle beam apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an ion beam irradiation unit that emits a focused ion beam to the specimen; and a user interface for inputting an instruction to the control unit, wherein the user interface has a specification field for specifying which of the first mode and the second mode is to be performed when the specimen is processed by using the focused ion beam, and according to the instruction entered for the specification field, the control unit performs at least one of the first mode and the second mode when processing the specimen by using the focused ion beam. 6. The charged particle beam apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third coil that is disposed at a position away from the electron beam path with respect to the second magnetic pole piece, wherein according to the instruction stored in the storage unit, the control unit performs at least one of a third mode for reducing an effect of a residual magnetic field remaining in the second magnetic pole piece by passing a direct current to the third coil after turning off the current flowing through the first coil and the current flowing through the second coil and a fourth mode for reducing an effect of the residual magnetic field remaining in the second magnetic pole piece by passing an alternating current to the third coil after turning off the current flowing through the first coil and the current flowing through the second coil. 7. The charged particle beam apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising:
a third magnetic pole piece that is disposed at a position away from the electron beam path with respect to the second coil, wherein the second magnetic pole piece and the third magnetic pole piece form a magnetic path surrounding the second coil. 8. The charged particle beam apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein at least one of the first coil and the second coil is formed by a plurality of coils. 9. The charged particle beam apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
the number of turns of the second coil is equal to or greater than the number of turns of the first coil, and the number of turns of the first coil is equal to or greater than the number of turns of the third coil. 10. The charged particle beam apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the number of turns of the second coil is equal to or greater than the number of turns of the first coil. | 1,700 |
338,805 | 16,641,882 | 1,774 | In order to provide a highly reliable heart rate, this heartbeat detection device includes: a first detection unit that detects heartbeats from a vibration wave of a body surface of a user detected by a sensor; a second detection unit that extracts a vibration wave of heartbeats which are amplitude-modulated with a resonant frequency of a human body from the vibration wave of the body surface of the user, delays the extracted vibration wave by a predetermined period, and detects heartbeats from differences between the vibration wave before delay and the vibration waves after delay; and an output control unit that selects either the heartbeats detected by the first detection unit or the heartbeats detected by the second detection unit and determines and outputs a heart rate on the basis of the selected heartbeats. | 1. A heartbeat detection device comprising:
a first detection unit that detects heartbeats from a vibration wave of a body surface of a user detected by a sensor; a second detection unit that extracts a vibration wave of heartbeats which are amplitude-modulated with a resonant frequency of a human body from the vibration wave of the body surface of the user, delays the extracted vibration wave by a predetermined time, and detects heartbeats from differences between the vibration wave before delay and the vibration waves after delay; and an output control unit that selects either the heartbeats detected by the first detection unit or the heartbeats detected by the second detection unit and determines and outputs a heart rate on the basis of the selected heartbeats. 2. The heartbeat detection device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a determination unit that determines a reliability of the heartbeats detected by the first detection unit, wherein the output control unit selects the heartbeats depending on a determination result obtained by the determination unit. 3. The heartbeat detection device according to claim 2, wherein
when the determination unit determines that the reliability of the heartbeats detected by the first detection unit is low, the output control unit selects the heartbeats detected by the second detection unit and determines the heart rate. 4. The heartbeat detection device according to claim 2, wherein
when the determination unit determines that the reliability of the heartbeats detected by the first detection unit is high, the output control unit selects the heartbeats detected by the first detection unit and determines the heart rate. 5. The heartbeat detection device according to claim 2, wherein
the second detection unit detects peaks of which the period corresponds to the heartbeats which is detected by the first detection unit and of which the reliability is determined to be high by the determination unit as the heartbeats among a plurality of peaks in which the difference becomes the smallest in waveforms of the differences between the vibration waves before and after delay. 6. A heartbeat detection method comprising:
a first detection step of detecting heartbeats from a vibration wave of a body surface of a user detected by a sensor; a second detection step of extracting a vibration wave of heartbeats which are amplitude-modulated with a resonant frequency of a human body from the vibration wave of the body surface of the user, delaying the extracted vibration wave by a predetermined time, and detecting heartbeats from differences between the vibration wave before delay and the vibration waves after delay; and an output step of selecting either the heartbeats detected in the first detection step or the heartbeats detected in the second detection step, and determining and outputting a heart rate on the basis of the selected heartbeats. 7. A program for causing a computer to execute:
a first detection step of detecting heartbeats from a vibration wave of a body surface of a user detected by a sensor; a second detection step of extracting a vibration wave of heartbeats which are amplitude-modulated with a resonant frequency of a human body from the vibration wave of the body surface of the user, delaying the extracted vibration wave by a predetermined time, and detecting heartbeats from differences between the vibration wave before delay and the vibration waves after delay; and
an output step of selecting either the heartbeats detected in the first detection step or the heartbeats detected in the second detection step, and determining and outputting a heart rate on the basis of the selected heartbeats. 8. The heartbeat detection device according to claim 3, wherein
the second detection unit detects peaks of which the period corresponds to the heartbeats which is detected by the first detection unit and of which the reliability is determined to be high by the determination unit as the heartbeats among a plurality of peaks in which the difference becomes the smallest in waveforms of the differences between the vibration waves before and after delay. 9. The heartbeat detection device according to claim 4, wherein
the second detection unit detects peaks of which the period corresponds to the heartbeats which is detected by the first detection unit and of which the reliability is determined to be high by the determination unit as the heartbeats among a plurality of peaks in which the difference becomes the smallest in waveforms of the differences between the vibration waves before and after delay. | In order to provide a highly reliable heart rate, this heartbeat detection device includes: a first detection unit that detects heartbeats from a vibration wave of a body surface of a user detected by a sensor; a second detection unit that extracts a vibration wave of heartbeats which are amplitude-modulated with a resonant frequency of a human body from the vibration wave of the body surface of the user, delays the extracted vibration wave by a predetermined period, and detects heartbeats from differences between the vibration wave before delay and the vibration waves after delay; and an output control unit that selects either the heartbeats detected by the first detection unit or the heartbeats detected by the second detection unit and determines and outputs a heart rate on the basis of the selected heartbeats.1. A heartbeat detection device comprising:
a first detection unit that detects heartbeats from a vibration wave of a body surface of a user detected by a sensor; a second detection unit that extracts a vibration wave of heartbeats which are amplitude-modulated with a resonant frequency of a human body from the vibration wave of the body surface of the user, delays the extracted vibration wave by a predetermined time, and detects heartbeats from differences between the vibration wave before delay and the vibration waves after delay; and an output control unit that selects either the heartbeats detected by the first detection unit or the heartbeats detected by the second detection unit and determines and outputs a heart rate on the basis of the selected heartbeats. 2. The heartbeat detection device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a determination unit that determines a reliability of the heartbeats detected by the first detection unit, wherein the output control unit selects the heartbeats depending on a determination result obtained by the determination unit. 3. The heartbeat detection device according to claim 2, wherein
when the determination unit determines that the reliability of the heartbeats detected by the first detection unit is low, the output control unit selects the heartbeats detected by the second detection unit and determines the heart rate. 4. The heartbeat detection device according to claim 2, wherein
when the determination unit determines that the reliability of the heartbeats detected by the first detection unit is high, the output control unit selects the heartbeats detected by the first detection unit and determines the heart rate. 5. The heartbeat detection device according to claim 2, wherein
the second detection unit detects peaks of which the period corresponds to the heartbeats which is detected by the first detection unit and of which the reliability is determined to be high by the determination unit as the heartbeats among a plurality of peaks in which the difference becomes the smallest in waveforms of the differences between the vibration waves before and after delay. 6. A heartbeat detection method comprising:
a first detection step of detecting heartbeats from a vibration wave of a body surface of a user detected by a sensor; a second detection step of extracting a vibration wave of heartbeats which are amplitude-modulated with a resonant frequency of a human body from the vibration wave of the body surface of the user, delaying the extracted vibration wave by a predetermined time, and detecting heartbeats from differences between the vibration wave before delay and the vibration waves after delay; and an output step of selecting either the heartbeats detected in the first detection step or the heartbeats detected in the second detection step, and determining and outputting a heart rate on the basis of the selected heartbeats. 7. A program for causing a computer to execute:
a first detection step of detecting heartbeats from a vibration wave of a body surface of a user detected by a sensor; a second detection step of extracting a vibration wave of heartbeats which are amplitude-modulated with a resonant frequency of a human body from the vibration wave of the body surface of the user, delaying the extracted vibration wave by a predetermined time, and detecting heartbeats from differences between the vibration wave before delay and the vibration waves after delay; and
an output step of selecting either the heartbeats detected in the first detection step or the heartbeats detected in the second detection step, and determining and outputting a heart rate on the basis of the selected heartbeats. 8. The heartbeat detection device according to claim 3, wherein
the second detection unit detects peaks of which the period corresponds to the heartbeats which is detected by the first detection unit and of which the reliability is determined to be high by the determination unit as the heartbeats among a plurality of peaks in which the difference becomes the smallest in waveforms of the differences between the vibration waves before and after delay. 9. The heartbeat detection device according to claim 4, wherein
the second detection unit detects peaks of which the period corresponds to the heartbeats which is detected by the first detection unit and of which the reliability is determined to be high by the determination unit as the heartbeats among a plurality of peaks in which the difference becomes the smallest in waveforms of the differences between the vibration waves before and after delay. | 1,700 |
338,806 | 16,641,873 | 1,774 | According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of screening a lung cancer patient having acquired resistance to an EGFR inhibitor by optical image analysis of circulating tumor cells and AXL. | 1. A method for screening a cancer patient, the method comprising the steps of:
obtaining blood from the cancer patient; isolating circulating tumor cells from the blood using a biochip; reacting the isolated circulating tumor cells with a fluorescent marker binding specifically to the circulating tumor cells and a fluorescent marker binding specifically to AXL; receiving optical images of the circulating tumor cells reacted with the fluorescent marker specific to the circulating tumor cells and the AXL reacted with the fluorescent marker specific to the AXL under a plurality of wavelength ranges, respectively; performing a first filtering by measuring fluorescence intensities of the circulating tumor cells and the AXL in the optical images under all or part of the plurality of wavelength ranges; performing a second filtering by measuring morphology of the circulating tumor cells in the optical images under all or part of the plurality of wavelength ranges; and performing a third filtering by measuring morphology of the circulating tumor cells in a combined image obtained by merging all or part of the optical images under the plurality of respective wavelength ranges. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluorescent marker binding specifically to the circulating tumor cells is at least one selected from the group consisting of an antibody specific for vimentin, an antibody specific for EpCAM, and an antibody specific for CK. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the optical images under the plurality of wavelength ranges in the step of receiving the optical images include a blue wavelength range image, a green wavelength range image, and a red wavelength range image. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein a nucleus of the circulating tumor cells is identified by performing, on the blue wavelength range image, the step of performing the first filtering and the step of performing the second filtering. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein a membrane of the circulating tumor cells is identified by performing, on one or more of the green wavelength range image and the red wavelength range image, the step of performing the first filtering. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the morphology of the circulating tumor cells includes one or more of cell area, cell size, and circularity. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of performing the first filtering comprises the steps of:
measuring size of the circulating tumor cells in the optical images under all or part of the plurality of wavelength ranges; and setting a polygonal or circular area, which is larger than the measured size of the circulating tumor cells by a predetermined ratio or amount, and performing the first filtering by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the circulating tumor cells within the area. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is at least one selected from the group consisting of lung cancer, breast cancer, myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, colorectal cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, thyroid cancer, glioma, kidney cancer, melanoma, malignant pleural mesothelioma, squamous cell carcinoma, and endometrial cancer. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is lung cancer. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer has an acquired resistance to an EGFR inhibitor. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of isolating the circulating tumor cells is performed under atmospheric pressure of 1000 hPa to 1020 hPa. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the biochip is a high-density microporous chip coated with a BSA solution. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the high-density microporous chip is a size-based chip. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the coating with a BSA solution is performed at a BSA concentration of 0.05 to 0.15%. | According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of screening a lung cancer patient having acquired resistance to an EGFR inhibitor by optical image analysis of circulating tumor cells and AXL.1. A method for screening a cancer patient, the method comprising the steps of:
obtaining blood from the cancer patient; isolating circulating tumor cells from the blood using a biochip; reacting the isolated circulating tumor cells with a fluorescent marker binding specifically to the circulating tumor cells and a fluorescent marker binding specifically to AXL; receiving optical images of the circulating tumor cells reacted with the fluorescent marker specific to the circulating tumor cells and the AXL reacted with the fluorescent marker specific to the AXL under a plurality of wavelength ranges, respectively; performing a first filtering by measuring fluorescence intensities of the circulating tumor cells and the AXL in the optical images under all or part of the plurality of wavelength ranges; performing a second filtering by measuring morphology of the circulating tumor cells in the optical images under all or part of the plurality of wavelength ranges; and performing a third filtering by measuring morphology of the circulating tumor cells in a combined image obtained by merging all or part of the optical images under the plurality of respective wavelength ranges. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluorescent marker binding specifically to the circulating tumor cells is at least one selected from the group consisting of an antibody specific for vimentin, an antibody specific for EpCAM, and an antibody specific for CK. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the optical images under the plurality of wavelength ranges in the step of receiving the optical images include a blue wavelength range image, a green wavelength range image, and a red wavelength range image. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein a nucleus of the circulating tumor cells is identified by performing, on the blue wavelength range image, the step of performing the first filtering and the step of performing the second filtering. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein a membrane of the circulating tumor cells is identified by performing, on one or more of the green wavelength range image and the red wavelength range image, the step of performing the first filtering. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the morphology of the circulating tumor cells includes one or more of cell area, cell size, and circularity. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of performing the first filtering comprises the steps of:
measuring size of the circulating tumor cells in the optical images under all or part of the plurality of wavelength ranges; and setting a polygonal or circular area, which is larger than the measured size of the circulating tumor cells by a predetermined ratio or amount, and performing the first filtering by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the circulating tumor cells within the area. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is at least one selected from the group consisting of lung cancer, breast cancer, myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, colorectal cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, thyroid cancer, glioma, kidney cancer, melanoma, malignant pleural mesothelioma, squamous cell carcinoma, and endometrial cancer. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is lung cancer. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the cancer has an acquired resistance to an EGFR inhibitor. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of isolating the circulating tumor cells is performed under atmospheric pressure of 1000 hPa to 1020 hPa. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the biochip is a high-density microporous chip coated with a BSA solution. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the high-density microporous chip is a size-based chip. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the coating with a BSA solution is performed at a BSA concentration of 0.05 to 0.15%. | 1,700 |
338,807 | 16,641,874 | 1,774 | [Problem to be solved by the invention] To provide a cell sheet for increasing fibrosis inhibitory action, said cell sheet comprising bone marrow mononuclear cells, and a production method thereof. [Solution] A cell sheet comprising bone marrow mononuclear cells, said cell sheet being obtained by forming bone marrow mononuclear cells from a bone marrow mononuclear cell suspension into a sheet, and then shrinking and suspension culturing the result. | 1. A cell sheet comprising bone marrow mononuclear cells, wherein the cell sheet is obtained by making bone marrow mononuclear cells from a bone marrow mononuclear cell suspension into a sheet, shrinking the sheet, and then suspension culturing the sheet. 2. The cell sheet of claim 1, wherein the bone marrow mononuclear cells are adherent bone marrow mononuclear cells. 3. The cell sheet of claim 1, wherein the bone marrow mononuclear cells are mesenchymal stem cells. 4. The cell sheet of claim 1, wherein the bone marrow mononuclear cells, when being made into a sheet, are exposed to a compound having a Wnt/β-catenin signal inhibitory action. 5. The cell sheet of claim 1, wherein the compound having a Wnt/β-catenin signal inhibitory action is IC-2. 6. The cell sheet of claim 1, which shows a higher fibrosis inhibitory effect. 7. The cell sheet of claim 1, wherein the cell sheet obtained is applicable to various tissues. 8. The cell sheet of claim 1, wherein the cell sheet is a cell sheet for treating liver disease. 9. The cell sheet of claim 1, which shows a higher matrix metalloprotease (MMP) activity. 10. A laminated cell sheet for treating fibrosis obtained by laminating cell sheets of claim 1. 11. A method for producing a cell sheet having a fibrosis inhibitory action comprising
a step for obtaining bone marrow mononuclear cells, a step for suspending the bone marrow mononuclear cells in culture broth, a step for seeding the suspension of bone marrow mononuclear cells onto a temperature-responsive culture dish and incubating, a step for confirming that the cultured bone marrow mononuclear cells have become confluent, moving the temperature-responsive culture dish into a 20° C. environment, and obtaining a cell sheet, and a step for suspension culturing the cell sheet obtained. 12. The method for producing a cell sheet of claim 9, wherein the bone marrow mononuclear cells are adherent bone marrow mononuclear cells. 13. The method for producing a cell sheet of claim 9, wherein the bone marrow mononuclear cells are mesenchymal stem cells. 14. The method for producing a cell sheet of claim 9, wherein the culture broth contains a compound having a Wnt/β-catenin signal inhibitory action in the step for seeding the suspension of bone marrow mononuclear cells onto a temperature-responsive culture dish and incubating. 15. The method for producing a cell sheet of claim 9, wherein the compound having a Wnt/β-catenin signal inhibitory action is IC-2. 16. The method for producing a cell sheet of claim 9, wherein the cell sheet obtained is applicable to various tissues. 17. The method for producing a cell sheet of claim 9, wherein the cell sheet obtained is a cell sheet for treating liver disease. | [Problem to be solved by the invention] To provide a cell sheet for increasing fibrosis inhibitory action, said cell sheet comprising bone marrow mononuclear cells, and a production method thereof. [Solution] A cell sheet comprising bone marrow mononuclear cells, said cell sheet being obtained by forming bone marrow mononuclear cells from a bone marrow mononuclear cell suspension into a sheet, and then shrinking and suspension culturing the result.1. A cell sheet comprising bone marrow mononuclear cells, wherein the cell sheet is obtained by making bone marrow mononuclear cells from a bone marrow mononuclear cell suspension into a sheet, shrinking the sheet, and then suspension culturing the sheet. 2. The cell sheet of claim 1, wherein the bone marrow mononuclear cells are adherent bone marrow mononuclear cells. 3. The cell sheet of claim 1, wherein the bone marrow mononuclear cells are mesenchymal stem cells. 4. The cell sheet of claim 1, wherein the bone marrow mononuclear cells, when being made into a sheet, are exposed to a compound having a Wnt/β-catenin signal inhibitory action. 5. The cell sheet of claim 1, wherein the compound having a Wnt/β-catenin signal inhibitory action is IC-2. 6. The cell sheet of claim 1, which shows a higher fibrosis inhibitory effect. 7. The cell sheet of claim 1, wherein the cell sheet obtained is applicable to various tissues. 8. The cell sheet of claim 1, wherein the cell sheet is a cell sheet for treating liver disease. 9. The cell sheet of claim 1, which shows a higher matrix metalloprotease (MMP) activity. 10. A laminated cell sheet for treating fibrosis obtained by laminating cell sheets of claim 1. 11. A method for producing a cell sheet having a fibrosis inhibitory action comprising
a step for obtaining bone marrow mononuclear cells, a step for suspending the bone marrow mononuclear cells in culture broth, a step for seeding the suspension of bone marrow mononuclear cells onto a temperature-responsive culture dish and incubating, a step for confirming that the cultured bone marrow mononuclear cells have become confluent, moving the temperature-responsive culture dish into a 20° C. environment, and obtaining a cell sheet, and a step for suspension culturing the cell sheet obtained. 12. The method for producing a cell sheet of claim 9, wherein the bone marrow mononuclear cells are adherent bone marrow mononuclear cells. 13. The method for producing a cell sheet of claim 9, wherein the bone marrow mononuclear cells are mesenchymal stem cells. 14. The method for producing a cell sheet of claim 9, wherein the culture broth contains a compound having a Wnt/β-catenin signal inhibitory action in the step for seeding the suspension of bone marrow mononuclear cells onto a temperature-responsive culture dish and incubating. 15. The method for producing a cell sheet of claim 9, wherein the compound having a Wnt/β-catenin signal inhibitory action is IC-2. 16. The method for producing a cell sheet of claim 9, wherein the cell sheet obtained is applicable to various tissues. 17. The method for producing a cell sheet of claim 9, wherein the cell sheet obtained is a cell sheet for treating liver disease. | 1,700 |
338,808 | 16,641,872 | 1,774 | Method for controlling the opening speed of a valve connected between a fuel tank and a filter, and configured to relieve the pressure inside the fuel tank into the filter, the method comprising the steps of:— Measuring a pressure in the fuel tank,— Measuring or inferring a fuel vapor temperature in the fuel tank,— Calculating an opening speed as a function of the pressure and the fuel vapor temperature in the fuel tank,— Opening the valve at the calculated opening speed in order to avoid corking of another valve of the fuel tank connected between the valve and the fuel tank. Assembly for putting the method into practice | 1. A method for controlling the opening speed of a valve connected between a fuel tank and a filter, and configured to relieve the pressure inside the fuel tank into the filter, the method comprising:
Providing a look-up table with information regarding suitable opening speeds of the valve for specific combinations of temperature and of pressure of the fuel vapor in the fuel tank; Measuring a pressure in the fuel tank; Measuring or interring a fuel vapor temperature in the fuel tank; Calculating an opening speed of the valve using the look-up table; Opening the valve at the calculated opening speed in order to avoid corking of another valve of the fuel tank connected between the valve and the fuel tank. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said opening includes an electronically operating of the valve in order to open the valve at different opening rates. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the opening rates being comprised in the range between 0 and 3.3 mm/s. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the valve is operated with a stepper motor. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising filtering the fuel vapor relieved from the valve in order to capture fuel particles. 6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising returning filtered fuel vapor to the valve to release latter in the atmosphere. 7. A method of opening a fuel door, accessible by an operator, of a fuel tank which is provided with locking means controlling the opening of the fuel door, the method comprising:
Monitoring a refuelling request of the operator so as to open the valve at the calculated speed; and Comparing the pressure in the fuel tank to a predefined pressure value so as to determine if the fuel door can be opened, by unlocking the locking means, without risk for the operator, wherein the monitoring the refueling request of the operator comprises controlling the opening speed of a valve connected between a fuel tank and a filter, and configured to relieve the pressure inside the fuel tank into the filter, by Providing a look-up table with information regarding suitable opening speeds of the valve for specific combinations of temperature and of pressure of the fuel vapor in the fuel tank; Measuring a pressure in the fuel tank; Measuring or inferring a fuel vapor temperature in the fuel tank; Calculating an opening speed of the valve using the look-up table; and Opening the valve at the calculated opening speed in order to avoid corking of another valve of the fuel tank connected between the valve and the fuel tank. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, when the pressure in the fuel tank is inferior to the predefined pressure value, the method further comprises:
unlocking the locking element; setting the valve at a completely opened position in order to facilitate a refuelling of the fuel tank. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein, when the pressure in the fuel tank is superior to the predefined pressure value, and when the time since the last refuelling request is superior to a predefined time value, the method further comprises:
sending a signal informing of the pressure status to the operator; unlocking the locking element. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the predefined time value is 20 seconds. 11. The method according to claim 7, wherein the predefined pressure value is between 20 and 60 mbar. 12. A computer program product comprising code means configured to enable the controller to carry out the methods according to claim 1. 13. An assembly for an automotive vehicle comprising a fuel tank provided with locking means and a fuel tank door, a controller provided with look-up tables, a filter, a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the vapor in the fuel tank, a pressure sensor for measuring the pressure in the fuel tank, the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor being connected to the controller, a valve that can be opened and closed at varying opening speed, the valve being connected to the fuel tank on one side and to the filter on the other side, the filter being connected to an engine intake manifold, the controller being able to calculate a suitable opening speed for the valve as a function of values received from the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and data stored in the look-up tables, the valve being adapted to be opened at various opening and closing speed calculated by the controller, the valve being able to receive and transfer vapors to the filter and air to the atmosphere. 14. The assembly according to claim 13, the valve being an electronically driven valve capable of opening at different rates. 15. The assembly according to claim 13, the temperature sensor being located in the fuel tank. 16. The assembly according to claim 13, the fuel tank being provided with a level sensor. 17. The assembly according to claim 14, wherein the valve is driven by a stepper motor. 18. A computer program product comprising code means configured to enable the controller to carry out the methods according to claim 7. | Method for controlling the opening speed of a valve connected between a fuel tank and a filter, and configured to relieve the pressure inside the fuel tank into the filter, the method comprising the steps of:— Measuring a pressure in the fuel tank,— Measuring or inferring a fuel vapor temperature in the fuel tank,— Calculating an opening speed as a function of the pressure and the fuel vapor temperature in the fuel tank,— Opening the valve at the calculated opening speed in order to avoid corking of another valve of the fuel tank connected between the valve and the fuel tank. Assembly for putting the method into practice1. A method for controlling the opening speed of a valve connected between a fuel tank and a filter, and configured to relieve the pressure inside the fuel tank into the filter, the method comprising:
Providing a look-up table with information regarding suitable opening speeds of the valve for specific combinations of temperature and of pressure of the fuel vapor in the fuel tank; Measuring a pressure in the fuel tank; Measuring or interring a fuel vapor temperature in the fuel tank; Calculating an opening speed of the valve using the look-up table; Opening the valve at the calculated opening speed in order to avoid corking of another valve of the fuel tank connected between the valve and the fuel tank. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said opening includes an electronically operating of the valve in order to open the valve at different opening rates. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the opening rates being comprised in the range between 0 and 3.3 mm/s. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the valve is operated with a stepper motor. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising filtering the fuel vapor relieved from the valve in order to capture fuel particles. 6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising returning filtered fuel vapor to the valve to release latter in the atmosphere. 7. A method of opening a fuel door, accessible by an operator, of a fuel tank which is provided with locking means controlling the opening of the fuel door, the method comprising:
Monitoring a refuelling request of the operator so as to open the valve at the calculated speed; and Comparing the pressure in the fuel tank to a predefined pressure value so as to determine if the fuel door can be opened, by unlocking the locking means, without risk for the operator, wherein the monitoring the refueling request of the operator comprises controlling the opening speed of a valve connected between a fuel tank and a filter, and configured to relieve the pressure inside the fuel tank into the filter, by Providing a look-up table with information regarding suitable opening speeds of the valve for specific combinations of temperature and of pressure of the fuel vapor in the fuel tank; Measuring a pressure in the fuel tank; Measuring or inferring a fuel vapor temperature in the fuel tank; Calculating an opening speed of the valve using the look-up table; and Opening the valve at the calculated opening speed in order to avoid corking of another valve of the fuel tank connected between the valve and the fuel tank. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, when the pressure in the fuel tank is inferior to the predefined pressure value, the method further comprises:
unlocking the locking element; setting the valve at a completely opened position in order to facilitate a refuelling of the fuel tank. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein, when the pressure in the fuel tank is superior to the predefined pressure value, and when the time since the last refuelling request is superior to a predefined time value, the method further comprises:
sending a signal informing of the pressure status to the operator; unlocking the locking element. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the predefined time value is 20 seconds. 11. The method according to claim 7, wherein the predefined pressure value is between 20 and 60 mbar. 12. A computer program product comprising code means configured to enable the controller to carry out the methods according to claim 1. 13. An assembly for an automotive vehicle comprising a fuel tank provided with locking means and a fuel tank door, a controller provided with look-up tables, a filter, a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the vapor in the fuel tank, a pressure sensor for measuring the pressure in the fuel tank, the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor being connected to the controller, a valve that can be opened and closed at varying opening speed, the valve being connected to the fuel tank on one side and to the filter on the other side, the filter being connected to an engine intake manifold, the controller being able to calculate a suitable opening speed for the valve as a function of values received from the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and data stored in the look-up tables, the valve being adapted to be opened at various opening and closing speed calculated by the controller, the valve being able to receive and transfer vapors to the filter and air to the atmosphere. 14. The assembly according to claim 13, the valve being an electronically driven valve capable of opening at different rates. 15. The assembly according to claim 13, the temperature sensor being located in the fuel tank. 16. The assembly according to claim 13, the fuel tank being provided with a level sensor. 17. The assembly according to claim 14, wherein the valve is driven by a stepper motor. 18. A computer program product comprising code means configured to enable the controller to carry out the methods according to claim 7. | 1,700 |
338,809 | 16,641,843 | 1,774 | A method for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery, including the steps: (S1) forming a preliminary negative electrode by coating a negative electrode slurry including a negative electrode active material, conductive material, binder and a solvent onto at least one surface of a current collector, followed by drying and pressing the negative electrode slurry coated current collector, to form a negative electrode active material layer surface on the current collector; (S2) coating lithium metal foil onto the negative electrode active material layer surface of the preliminary negative electrode in the shape of a pattern in which pattern units are arranged; (S3) cutting the preliminary negative electrode on which the lithium metal foil is pattern-coated to obtain negative electrode units; (S4) impregnating the negative electrode units with an electrolyte to obtain a pre-lithiated negative electrode; and (S5) assembling the negative electrode obtained from step (S4) with a positive electrode and a separator. | 1. A method for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery, comprising the steps of:
(S1) forming a preliminary negative electrode by coating a negative electrode slurry comprising a negative electrode active material, conductive material, binder and a solvent onto at least one surface of a current collector, followed by drying and pressing the negative electrode slurry coated current collector, to form a negative electrode active material layer surface on the current collector; (S2) coating lithium metal foil onto the negative electrode active material layer surface of the preliminary negative electrode in a shape of a pattern in which pattern units are arranged; (S3) cutting the preliminary negative electrode on which the lithium metal foil is pattern-coated to obtain negative electrode units; (S4) impregnating the negative electrode units with an electrolyte to obtain a pre-lithiated negative electrode; and (S5) assembling the negative electrode obtained from step (S4) with a positive electrode and a separator, wherein step (S3) is carried out by cutting the preliminary negative electrode where each pattern unit is positioned at a central portion of each negative electrode unit and occupies an area equal to or larger than 10% and smaller than 100% of the negative electrode unit surface. 2. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein step (S3) is carried out by cutting the preliminary negative electrode where the lithium metal foil pattern unit is positioned at the central portion of the negative electrode unit and occupies an area corresponding to 10% to 70% of the negative electrode unit surface. 3. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of a width of the lithium metal foil pattern unit to a width of a non-coated portion having no lithium metal foil pattern is 99:1 to 10:90, in the negative electrode unit. 4. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of a length of the lithium metal foil pattern unit to length of a non-coated portion having no lithium metal foil pattern is 99:1 to 10:90, in the negative electrode unit. 5. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the pattern coating in step (S2) is carried out at a temperature of 10° C. to 200° C. under a linear pressure condition of 0.2 kN/cm to 30 kN/cm. 6. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the impregnation with electrolyte is carried out for 2 hours to 48 hours in step (S4). 7. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, which further comprises step (S5) of washing and drying the pre-lithiated negative electrode, after impregnating with an electrolyte in step (S4). 8. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte comprises a lithium salt and an organic solvent. 9. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode active material layer comprises, as an active material, one or more selected from the group consisting of a Si-based material, Sn-based material, and carbonaceous material. 10. A lithium secondary battery obtained by the method according to claim 1. 11. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 10, wherein the lithium secondary battery has an initial efficiency of 80% or more and a capacity maintenance of 80% or more, and has a spacing of 1 μm or more between the negative electrode and the separator in an area of 5% or less of a total area of the negative electrode after charging and discharging. | A method for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery, including the steps: (S1) forming a preliminary negative electrode by coating a negative electrode slurry including a negative electrode active material, conductive material, binder and a solvent onto at least one surface of a current collector, followed by drying and pressing the negative electrode slurry coated current collector, to form a negative electrode active material layer surface on the current collector; (S2) coating lithium metal foil onto the negative electrode active material layer surface of the preliminary negative electrode in the shape of a pattern in which pattern units are arranged; (S3) cutting the preliminary negative electrode on which the lithium metal foil is pattern-coated to obtain negative electrode units; (S4) impregnating the negative electrode units with an electrolyte to obtain a pre-lithiated negative electrode; and (S5) assembling the negative electrode obtained from step (S4) with a positive electrode and a separator.1. A method for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery, comprising the steps of:
(S1) forming a preliminary negative electrode by coating a negative electrode slurry comprising a negative electrode active material, conductive material, binder and a solvent onto at least one surface of a current collector, followed by drying and pressing the negative electrode slurry coated current collector, to form a negative electrode active material layer surface on the current collector; (S2) coating lithium metal foil onto the negative electrode active material layer surface of the preliminary negative electrode in a shape of a pattern in which pattern units are arranged; (S3) cutting the preliminary negative electrode on which the lithium metal foil is pattern-coated to obtain negative electrode units; (S4) impregnating the negative electrode units with an electrolyte to obtain a pre-lithiated negative electrode; and (S5) assembling the negative electrode obtained from step (S4) with a positive electrode and a separator, wherein step (S3) is carried out by cutting the preliminary negative electrode where each pattern unit is positioned at a central portion of each negative electrode unit and occupies an area equal to or larger than 10% and smaller than 100% of the negative electrode unit surface. 2. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein step (S3) is carried out by cutting the preliminary negative electrode where the lithium metal foil pattern unit is positioned at the central portion of the negative electrode unit and occupies an area corresponding to 10% to 70% of the negative electrode unit surface. 3. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of a width of the lithium metal foil pattern unit to a width of a non-coated portion having no lithium metal foil pattern is 99:1 to 10:90, in the negative electrode unit. 4. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of a length of the lithium metal foil pattern unit to length of a non-coated portion having no lithium metal foil pattern is 99:1 to 10:90, in the negative electrode unit. 5. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the pattern coating in step (S2) is carried out at a temperature of 10° C. to 200° C. under a linear pressure condition of 0.2 kN/cm to 30 kN/cm. 6. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the impregnation with electrolyte is carried out for 2 hours to 48 hours in step (S4). 7. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, which further comprises step (S5) of washing and drying the pre-lithiated negative electrode, after impregnating with an electrolyte in step (S4). 8. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte comprises a lithium salt and an organic solvent. 9. The method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode active material layer comprises, as an active material, one or more selected from the group consisting of a Si-based material, Sn-based material, and carbonaceous material. 10. A lithium secondary battery obtained by the method according to claim 1. 11. The lithium secondary battery according to claim 10, wherein the lithium secondary battery has an initial efficiency of 80% or more and a capacity maintenance of 80% or more, and has a spacing of 1 μm or more between the negative electrode and the separator in an area of 5% or less of a total area of the negative electrode after charging and discharging. | 1,700 |
338,810 | 16,641,881 | 1,774 | The present invention relates to a straightly assembled block comprising engaging assembly means configured in male and female types, first ends of which can be coupled to each other, such that male and female piece blocks can be assembled by connecting the same to each other straightly, and the engaging assembly means are improved such that wear is prevented in spite of repeated separation/coupling, thereby maintaining continuous assembly power. To this end, the male and female piece blocks have engaging assembly means, first ends of which protrude in arc shapes, and the second ends of which are coupled to each other. Alternatively, connecting blocks have engaging assembly means formed on both ends thereof in different types. The engaging assembly means formed on the piece blocks or on the connecting blocks comprise a recessed portion and a protruding portion. Each of the recessed portion and the protruding portion has a guide means and a coupling means provided on both coupling surfaces thereof, respectively, the coupling means being guided along the guide means so as to engage, such that the same are connected on the same straight line. An incision hole for an elastic action is formed from a corner of the recessed portion toward the interior, on which a rotating shaft is formed, such that, when the protruding portion is guided and coupled, the incision hole is elastically operated so as to widen the recessed portion in the leftward/rightward outward direction, thereby preventing wear of the engaging coupling means. | 1. A straightly assembled block that is easily coupled and resistant to wear, in which the straightly assembled block includes male and female piece blocks (100, 110) having one end protruding in an arc shape and provided with rotating shafts (100 a, 110 a, 120 a) so as to be rotatable, and an opposite end provided with engaging assembly devices (140) coupled to each other, or a connecting block (120) having both ends provided with different types of engaging assembly devices (140), the engaging assembly device (140) includes a recessed portion (141) and a protruding portion (142), and each of the recessed portion (141) and the protruding portion (142) is provided on both coupling surfaces (101, 111, 121) thereof with a guide device (150), a coupling device (160) guided along the guide device (150), and an engaging coupling device (170) for preventing arbitrary separation, so that the recessed portion (141) and the protruding portion (142) are connected to each other in a same straight line,
wherein an elastic hole (180) for an elastic action is formed from a corner of the recessed portion (141) toward an interior on which the rotating shafts (100 a, 110 a, 120 a) are provided, such that when the protruding portion (142) is guided and coupled, the recessed portion (141) is elastically operated so as to be widened in a left/right outward direction, thereby preventing wear of the engaging coupling device (170). 2. The straightly assembled block of claim 1, wherein the female piece block (100) and the connecting block (120) including the recessed portions (141) have border walls (102, 122) and inner depressed surfaces (103, 123), which are depressed inward than the border walls (102, 122) by performing a coring process with respect to top and bottom surfaces thereof to have a wall thickness equal to a wall thickness of the border walls (102, 122), and the inner depressed surfaces (103, 123) have the elastic hole (180) connected to the corner of the recessed portion (141) so that the recessed portion (141) is elastically operated to left and right. 3. The straightly assembled block of claim 1, wherein the elastic hole (180) has a rectangular shape, in which an elastic reference point is shifted to an outer corner of the elastic hole (180) where horizontal and vertical sides orthogonally meet each other so that the elastic hole (180) is flexibly widened due to an elastic force. 4. The straightly assembled block of claim 1, wherein the elastic hole (180) has a circular shape configured to have a shock-absorbing function so as to enhance the elastic action. 5. The straightly assembled block of claim 1, wherein the engaging coupling device (170) has latching grooves (104, 124) formed in coupling surfaces (101, 121) on which the guide devices (150) of the recessed portions (141) of the female piece block (100) and the connecting block (120) are provided, and a latching sill (161) latched to the latching grooves (104, 124) and provided on side surfaces of the coupling devices (160) of the protruding portions (142) which are provided on the male piece block (110) and the connecting block (120), so that a coupling process is performed regardless of an assembly direction in a rigid latching structure by an elastic force of the recessed portion (141). | The present invention relates to a straightly assembled block comprising engaging assembly means configured in male and female types, first ends of which can be coupled to each other, such that male and female piece blocks can be assembled by connecting the same to each other straightly, and the engaging assembly means are improved such that wear is prevented in spite of repeated separation/coupling, thereby maintaining continuous assembly power. To this end, the male and female piece blocks have engaging assembly means, first ends of which protrude in arc shapes, and the second ends of which are coupled to each other. Alternatively, connecting blocks have engaging assembly means formed on both ends thereof in different types. The engaging assembly means formed on the piece blocks or on the connecting blocks comprise a recessed portion and a protruding portion. Each of the recessed portion and the protruding portion has a guide means and a coupling means provided on both coupling surfaces thereof, respectively, the coupling means being guided along the guide means so as to engage, such that the same are connected on the same straight line. An incision hole for an elastic action is formed from a corner of the recessed portion toward the interior, on which a rotating shaft is formed, such that, when the protruding portion is guided and coupled, the incision hole is elastically operated so as to widen the recessed portion in the leftward/rightward outward direction, thereby preventing wear of the engaging coupling means.1. A straightly assembled block that is easily coupled and resistant to wear, in which the straightly assembled block includes male and female piece blocks (100, 110) having one end protruding in an arc shape and provided with rotating shafts (100 a, 110 a, 120 a) so as to be rotatable, and an opposite end provided with engaging assembly devices (140) coupled to each other, or a connecting block (120) having both ends provided with different types of engaging assembly devices (140), the engaging assembly device (140) includes a recessed portion (141) and a protruding portion (142), and each of the recessed portion (141) and the protruding portion (142) is provided on both coupling surfaces (101, 111, 121) thereof with a guide device (150), a coupling device (160) guided along the guide device (150), and an engaging coupling device (170) for preventing arbitrary separation, so that the recessed portion (141) and the protruding portion (142) are connected to each other in a same straight line,
wherein an elastic hole (180) for an elastic action is formed from a corner of the recessed portion (141) toward an interior on which the rotating shafts (100 a, 110 a, 120 a) are provided, such that when the protruding portion (142) is guided and coupled, the recessed portion (141) is elastically operated so as to be widened in a left/right outward direction, thereby preventing wear of the engaging coupling device (170). 2. The straightly assembled block of claim 1, wherein the female piece block (100) and the connecting block (120) including the recessed portions (141) have border walls (102, 122) and inner depressed surfaces (103, 123), which are depressed inward than the border walls (102, 122) by performing a coring process with respect to top and bottom surfaces thereof to have a wall thickness equal to a wall thickness of the border walls (102, 122), and the inner depressed surfaces (103, 123) have the elastic hole (180) connected to the corner of the recessed portion (141) so that the recessed portion (141) is elastically operated to left and right. 3. The straightly assembled block of claim 1, wherein the elastic hole (180) has a rectangular shape, in which an elastic reference point is shifted to an outer corner of the elastic hole (180) where horizontal and vertical sides orthogonally meet each other so that the elastic hole (180) is flexibly widened due to an elastic force. 4. The straightly assembled block of claim 1, wherein the elastic hole (180) has a circular shape configured to have a shock-absorbing function so as to enhance the elastic action. 5. The straightly assembled block of claim 1, wherein the engaging coupling device (170) has latching grooves (104, 124) formed in coupling surfaces (101, 121) on which the guide devices (150) of the recessed portions (141) of the female piece block (100) and the connecting block (120) are provided, and a latching sill (161) latched to the latching grooves (104, 124) and provided on side surfaces of the coupling devices (160) of the protruding portions (142) which are provided on the male piece block (110) and the connecting block (120), so that a coupling process is performed regardless of an assembly direction in a rigid latching structure by an elastic force of the recessed portion (141). | 1,700 |
338,811 | 16,641,842 | 1,774 | According to various embodiments of the disclosure, an electronic device may include an image sensor and a processor. The processor may be configured to detect a movement of an object, using an image generated by the image sensor, to identify a size value of the object, to correct a size value of the object based on a location of the object within the image, and to perform an operation corresponding to a movement of the object, based on the corrected size value. | 1. An electronic device comprising:
an image sensor; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to: detect a movement of an object, using an image generated by the image sensor; identify a size value of the object; correct the size value of the object based on a location of the object within the image; and perform an operation corresponding to the movement of the object, based on the corrected size value. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
when the corrected size value is not less than a reference value, perform the operation corresponding to the movement of the object; and when the corrected size value is less than the reference value, ignore the movement of the object. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the image sensor is configured to:
generate the image, using light received through a wide-angle lens or a fisheye lens. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
correct only the size value of the object without correction to the image. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
divide the image into a plurality of regions; identify a region including the object among the divided plurality of regions; and correct the size value of the object, using a correction coefficient corresponding to the region including the object. 6. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein each of the divided plurality of regions has a greater correction coefficient as moving away from a center of the image and has a smaller correction coefficient as getting closer to the center of the image. 7. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to:
when the object is included in a plurality of regions, identify a region including a center of gravity of the object among a plurality of regions including the object; and correct a total size value of the object, using a correction coefficient corresponding to the region including the center of gravity of the object. 8. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to:
when the object is included in a plurality of regions, identify a size value of an object included in each of the plurality of regions including the object; and correct a total size value of the object, using a correction coefficient corresponding to a region having the greatest size value of an included object among the plurality of regions including the object. 9. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to:
when the object is included in a plurality of regions, identify a size value of an object included in each of the plurality of regions including the object; and correct a size value of an object included in each of the plurality of regions, using a correction coefficient corresponding to each of the plurality of regions including the object. 10. An object sensing method of an electronic device, the method comprising:
generating an image, using an image sensor; detecting a movement of an object, using the image generated by the image sensor; identifying a size value of the object; correcting the size value of the object based on a location of the object within the image; and performing an operation corresponding to the movement of the object, based on the corrected size value. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the performing of the operation corresponding to the movement of the object includes:
when the corrected size value is not less than a reference value, performing the operation corresponding to the movement of the object; when the corrected size value is less than the reference value, ignoring the movement of the object. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the generating of the image includes:
generating the image, using light received through a wide-angle lens or a fisheye lens. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the correcting of the size value of the object includes:
correcting only the size value of the object without correction to the image. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the correcting of the size value of the object includes:
dividing the image into a plurality of regions; identifying a region including the object among the divided plurality of regions; and correcting the size value of the object, using a correction coefficient corresponding to the region including the object. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein each of the divided plurality of regions has a greater correction coefficient as moving away from a center of the image and has a smaller correction coefficient as getting closer to the center of the image. | According to various embodiments of the disclosure, an electronic device may include an image sensor and a processor. The processor may be configured to detect a movement of an object, using an image generated by the image sensor, to identify a size value of the object, to correct a size value of the object based on a location of the object within the image, and to perform an operation corresponding to a movement of the object, based on the corrected size value.1. An electronic device comprising:
an image sensor; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to: detect a movement of an object, using an image generated by the image sensor; identify a size value of the object; correct the size value of the object based on a location of the object within the image; and perform an operation corresponding to the movement of the object, based on the corrected size value. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
when the corrected size value is not less than a reference value, perform the operation corresponding to the movement of the object; and when the corrected size value is less than the reference value, ignore the movement of the object. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the image sensor is configured to:
generate the image, using light received through a wide-angle lens or a fisheye lens. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
correct only the size value of the object without correction to the image. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to:
divide the image into a plurality of regions; identify a region including the object among the divided plurality of regions; and correct the size value of the object, using a correction coefficient corresponding to the region including the object. 6. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein each of the divided plurality of regions has a greater correction coefficient as moving away from a center of the image and has a smaller correction coefficient as getting closer to the center of the image. 7. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to:
when the object is included in a plurality of regions, identify a region including a center of gravity of the object among a plurality of regions including the object; and correct a total size value of the object, using a correction coefficient corresponding to the region including the center of gravity of the object. 8. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to:
when the object is included in a plurality of regions, identify a size value of an object included in each of the plurality of regions including the object; and correct a total size value of the object, using a correction coefficient corresponding to a region having the greatest size value of an included object among the plurality of regions including the object. 9. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to:
when the object is included in a plurality of regions, identify a size value of an object included in each of the plurality of regions including the object; and correct a size value of an object included in each of the plurality of regions, using a correction coefficient corresponding to each of the plurality of regions including the object. 10. An object sensing method of an electronic device, the method comprising:
generating an image, using an image sensor; detecting a movement of an object, using the image generated by the image sensor; identifying a size value of the object; correcting the size value of the object based on a location of the object within the image; and performing an operation corresponding to the movement of the object, based on the corrected size value. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the performing of the operation corresponding to the movement of the object includes:
when the corrected size value is not less than a reference value, performing the operation corresponding to the movement of the object; when the corrected size value is less than the reference value, ignoring the movement of the object. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the generating of the image includes:
generating the image, using light received through a wide-angle lens or a fisheye lens. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the correcting of the size value of the object includes:
correcting only the size value of the object without correction to the image. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the correcting of the size value of the object includes:
dividing the image into a plurality of regions; identifying a region including the object among the divided plurality of regions; and correcting the size value of the object, using a correction coefficient corresponding to the region including the object. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein each of the divided plurality of regions has a greater correction coefficient as moving away from a center of the image and has a smaller correction coefficient as getting closer to the center of the image. | 1,700 |
338,812 | 16,641,834 | 1,774 | A surrounding vehicle display device includes: a surrounding information detection device that obtains information on surroundings of a host vehicle; a virtual image generation unit that uses the information obtained by the surrounding information detection device to generate a virtual image that indicates the surroundings of the host vehicle as being viewed from above the host vehicle; and a controller that starts examination of whether to perform the auto lane change before performing the auto lane change. The controller starts the examination of whether to perform the auto lane change before performing the auto lane change and then makes a display region of the surroundings of the host vehicle on the virtual image wider than a display region before the examination is started. | 1. A surrounding vehicle display method that is used in a vehicle with a function of auto lane change to perform lane change control regardless of intension of a driver, comprising:
obtaining information on surroundings of a host vehicle; using the obtained information on the surroundings of the host vehicle to generate a virtual image that indicates the surroundings of the host vehicle as being viewed from above the host vehicle; and starting examination of whether to perform the auto lane change before performing the auto lane change and then making a display region of the surroundings of the host vehicle on the virtual image wider than a display region before the examination is started. 2. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 1, wherein,
when another vehicle coming close to the host vehicle is detected in front of the host vehicle on a traffic lane where the host vehicle is traveling, the examination of whether to perform the auto lane change is started. 3. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 1, wherein,
when a distance from a current location of the host vehicle to a diverging point or an intersection at which the auto lane change is needed is equal to or shorter than a first predetermined distance, the examination of whether to perform the auto lane change is started, and when the distance from the current location of the host vehicle to the diverging point or the intersection at which the auto lane change is needed is a second predetermined distance that is shorter than the first predetermined distance, the auto lane change is performed. 4. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 1, wherein
a vehicle speed of the host vehicle is detected, and when the detected vehicle speed is higher than a low vehicle speed, the display region of the surroundings of the host vehicle on the virtual image is widened. 5. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 1, wherein
a feature of an above virtual viewpoint is changed to widen the display region of the surroundings of the host vehicle on the virtual image. 6. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 1, wherein
the information on the surroundings of the host vehicle is information on a moving object including at least another vehicle, a bike, a bicycle, and a pedestrian and a motionless object including at least a parking vehicle. 7. A surrounding vehicle display device that is used in a vehicle with a function of auto lane change to perform lane change control regardless of intension of a driver, comprising:
an information sensor that obtains information on surroundings of a host vehicle; a first controller that uses the information obtained by the information sensor to generate a virtual image that indicates the surroundings of the host vehicle as being viewed from above the host vehicle; a display that displays the virtual image; and a second controller that starts examination of whether to perform the auto lane change before performing the auto lane change, wherein the second controller starts the examination of whether to perform the auto lane change before performing the auto lane change and then makes a display region of the surroundings of the host vehicle on the virtual image wider than a display region before the examination is started. | A surrounding vehicle display device includes: a surrounding information detection device that obtains information on surroundings of a host vehicle; a virtual image generation unit that uses the information obtained by the surrounding information detection device to generate a virtual image that indicates the surroundings of the host vehicle as being viewed from above the host vehicle; and a controller that starts examination of whether to perform the auto lane change before performing the auto lane change. The controller starts the examination of whether to perform the auto lane change before performing the auto lane change and then makes a display region of the surroundings of the host vehicle on the virtual image wider than a display region before the examination is started.1. A surrounding vehicle display method that is used in a vehicle with a function of auto lane change to perform lane change control regardless of intension of a driver, comprising:
obtaining information on surroundings of a host vehicle; using the obtained information on the surroundings of the host vehicle to generate a virtual image that indicates the surroundings of the host vehicle as being viewed from above the host vehicle; and starting examination of whether to perform the auto lane change before performing the auto lane change and then making a display region of the surroundings of the host vehicle on the virtual image wider than a display region before the examination is started. 2. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 1, wherein,
when another vehicle coming close to the host vehicle is detected in front of the host vehicle on a traffic lane where the host vehicle is traveling, the examination of whether to perform the auto lane change is started. 3. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 1, wherein,
when a distance from a current location of the host vehicle to a diverging point or an intersection at which the auto lane change is needed is equal to or shorter than a first predetermined distance, the examination of whether to perform the auto lane change is started, and when the distance from the current location of the host vehicle to the diverging point or the intersection at which the auto lane change is needed is a second predetermined distance that is shorter than the first predetermined distance, the auto lane change is performed. 4. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 1, wherein
a vehicle speed of the host vehicle is detected, and when the detected vehicle speed is higher than a low vehicle speed, the display region of the surroundings of the host vehicle on the virtual image is widened. 5. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 1, wherein
a feature of an above virtual viewpoint is changed to widen the display region of the surroundings of the host vehicle on the virtual image. 6. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 1, wherein
the information on the surroundings of the host vehicle is information on a moving object including at least another vehicle, a bike, a bicycle, and a pedestrian and a motionless object including at least a parking vehicle. 7. A surrounding vehicle display device that is used in a vehicle with a function of auto lane change to perform lane change control regardless of intension of a driver, comprising:
an information sensor that obtains information on surroundings of a host vehicle; a first controller that uses the information obtained by the information sensor to generate a virtual image that indicates the surroundings of the host vehicle as being viewed from above the host vehicle; a display that displays the virtual image; and a second controller that starts examination of whether to perform the auto lane change before performing the auto lane change, wherein the second controller starts the examination of whether to perform the auto lane change before performing the auto lane change and then makes a display region of the surroundings of the host vehicle on the virtual image wider than a display region before the examination is started. | 1,700 |
338,813 | 16,641,865 | 1,774 | A method for performing maintenance on an outer surface of at least one wind turbine part, such as a tower (2), a nacelle (3) or a wind turbine blade (5), of an offshore wind turbine (1) is disclosed. An access system (10) is transported to a site of the offshore wind turbine (1), and the access system (10) is transferred to a transition platform (6) at a lower part of the offshore wind turbine (1), while operating the offshore wind turbine (1) in accordance with a normal operating mode. Normal operation of the offshore wind turbine (1) is then stopped, and maintenance is performed on an outer surface of at least one wind turbine part (2, 3, 5) of the offshore wind turbine (1), using the access system (10). When the maintenance has been completed, normal operation of the offshore wind turbine (1) is restarted in accordance with a normal operating mode. Normal operation of the offshore wind turbine (1) is only stopped while the actual maintenance takes place. Thereby the loss in power production is minimised. | 1. A method for performing maintenance on an outer surface of at least one wind turbine part of an offshore wind turbine, the method comprising the steps of:
transporting an access system to a site of the offshore wind turbine, transferring the access system to a transition platform at a lower part of the offshore wind turbine, while operating the offshore wind turbine in accordance with a normal operating mode, stopping normal operation of the offshore wind turbine, performing maintenance on an outer surface of at least one wind turbine part of the offshore wind turbine, using the access system, and restarting normal operation of the offshore wind turbine in accordance with a normal operating mode when the maintenance has been completed. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the access system comprises two or more detachably assembled modules, wherein the step of transferring the access system to the transition platform comprises transferring the two or more modules to the transition platform, and wherein the method further comprises the step of assembling the access system from the two or more modules at the transition platform. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein each module of the access system has a weight which is smaller than or equal to 1000 kg. 4. The method according to claim 2, further comprising the steps of disassembling the access system into two or more modules, and transferring the two or more modules from the transition platform, after restarting operation of the offshore wind turbine in accordance with a normal operating mode. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing maintenance comprises hoisting the access system in an upwards direction from the transition platform. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of transferring the access system to the transition platform is performed by means of a permanent crane arranged at or near the transition platform. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing maintenance on an outer surface of at least one wind turbine part of the offshore wind turbine comprises performing maintenance on at least one wind turbine blade. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing maintenance on an outer surface of at least one wind turbine part of the offshore wind turbine comprises inspecting the outer surface of at least one wind turbine part. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing maintenance on an outer surface of at least one wind turbine part of the offshore wind turbine comprises locking the access system to one of the wind turbine part(s) on which maintenance is performed. 10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of awaiting wind and/or weather conditions fulfilling predefined conditions, the step of awaiting being performed after the access system has been transferred to the transition platform and before stopping normal operation of the offshore wind turbine. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the step of awaiting wind and/or weather conditions fulfilling predefined conditions comprises awaiting wind conditions where a wind speed is below 5 m/s. 12. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
interrupting the step of performing maintenance and returning the access system to the transition platform, restarting operation of the offshore wind turbine in accordance with a normal operating mode, and stopping operation of the offshore wind turbine and completing the step of performing maintenance at a later point in time. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of stopping normal operation of the offshore wind turbine is performed at least three hours after completion of the step of transferring the access system to the transition platform. 14. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of temporarily attaching the access system to the transition platform by means of attachment means provided on the access system and/or on the transition platform. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of transferring the access system to the transition platform comprises transferring the access system to a support scaffold arranged on or near the transition platform. 16. An access system for use in a method according to claim 1. 17. The access system according to claim 16, wherein the access system comprises at least two detachably assembled modules. | A method for performing maintenance on an outer surface of at least one wind turbine part, such as a tower (2), a nacelle (3) or a wind turbine blade (5), of an offshore wind turbine (1) is disclosed. An access system (10) is transported to a site of the offshore wind turbine (1), and the access system (10) is transferred to a transition platform (6) at a lower part of the offshore wind turbine (1), while operating the offshore wind turbine (1) in accordance with a normal operating mode. Normal operation of the offshore wind turbine (1) is then stopped, and maintenance is performed on an outer surface of at least one wind turbine part (2, 3, 5) of the offshore wind turbine (1), using the access system (10). When the maintenance has been completed, normal operation of the offshore wind turbine (1) is restarted in accordance with a normal operating mode. Normal operation of the offshore wind turbine (1) is only stopped while the actual maintenance takes place. Thereby the loss in power production is minimised.1. A method for performing maintenance on an outer surface of at least one wind turbine part of an offshore wind turbine, the method comprising the steps of:
transporting an access system to a site of the offshore wind turbine, transferring the access system to a transition platform at a lower part of the offshore wind turbine, while operating the offshore wind turbine in accordance with a normal operating mode, stopping normal operation of the offshore wind turbine, performing maintenance on an outer surface of at least one wind turbine part of the offshore wind turbine, using the access system, and restarting normal operation of the offshore wind turbine in accordance with a normal operating mode when the maintenance has been completed. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the access system comprises two or more detachably assembled modules, wherein the step of transferring the access system to the transition platform comprises transferring the two or more modules to the transition platform, and wherein the method further comprises the step of assembling the access system from the two or more modules at the transition platform. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein each module of the access system has a weight which is smaller than or equal to 1000 kg. 4. The method according to claim 2, further comprising the steps of disassembling the access system into two or more modules, and transferring the two or more modules from the transition platform, after restarting operation of the offshore wind turbine in accordance with a normal operating mode. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing maintenance comprises hoisting the access system in an upwards direction from the transition platform. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of transferring the access system to the transition platform is performed by means of a permanent crane arranged at or near the transition platform. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing maintenance on an outer surface of at least one wind turbine part of the offshore wind turbine comprises performing maintenance on at least one wind turbine blade. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing maintenance on an outer surface of at least one wind turbine part of the offshore wind turbine comprises inspecting the outer surface of at least one wind turbine part. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing maintenance on an outer surface of at least one wind turbine part of the offshore wind turbine comprises locking the access system to one of the wind turbine part(s) on which maintenance is performed. 10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of awaiting wind and/or weather conditions fulfilling predefined conditions, the step of awaiting being performed after the access system has been transferred to the transition platform and before stopping normal operation of the offshore wind turbine. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the step of awaiting wind and/or weather conditions fulfilling predefined conditions comprises awaiting wind conditions where a wind speed is below 5 m/s. 12. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
interrupting the step of performing maintenance and returning the access system to the transition platform, restarting operation of the offshore wind turbine in accordance with a normal operating mode, and stopping operation of the offshore wind turbine and completing the step of performing maintenance at a later point in time. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of stopping normal operation of the offshore wind turbine is performed at least three hours after completion of the step of transferring the access system to the transition platform. 14. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of temporarily attaching the access system to the transition platform by means of attachment means provided on the access system and/or on the transition platform. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of transferring the access system to the transition platform comprises transferring the access system to a support scaffold arranged on or near the transition platform. 16. An access system for use in a method according to claim 1. 17. The access system according to claim 16, wherein the access system comprises at least two detachably assembled modules. | 1,700 |
338,814 | 16,641,869 | 1,774 | The present invention provides an additive for electrolytic plating solutions, containing at least one selected from compounds represented by the chemical formulas (1) to (4) given in the present description, an electrolytic plating solution containing the additive for electrolytic plating solutions, and an electrolytic plating method that uses the electrolytic plating solution. | 1. An additive for electrolytic plating solutions, comprising:
at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by chemical formulas (1) to (4). 2. The additive for electrolytic plating solutions according to claim 1, comprising at least one alcohol compound selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and isopropanol. 3. The additive for electrolytic plating solutions according to claim 1, wherein the additive for electrolytic plating solutions is an additive for electrolytic copper plating solutions. 4. An electrolytic plating solution comprising the additive for electrolytic plating solutions according to claim 1. 5. The electrolytic plating solution according to claim 4, comprising a metal salt and an electrolyte. 6. The electrolytic plating solution according to claim 5, wherein the metal salt is a copper salt. 7. The electrolytic plating solution according to claim 5, wherein the metal salt is copper sulfate and the electrolyte is sulfuric acid. 8. The electrolytic plating solution according to claim 4, comprising a chloride ion source. 9. The electrolytic plating solution according to claim 8, wherein the chloride ion source is hydrogen chloride. 10. An electrolytic plating method that uses the electrolytic plating solution according to claim 4. | The present invention provides an additive for electrolytic plating solutions, containing at least one selected from compounds represented by the chemical formulas (1) to (4) given in the present description, an electrolytic plating solution containing the additive for electrolytic plating solutions, and an electrolytic plating method that uses the electrolytic plating solution.1. An additive for electrolytic plating solutions, comprising:
at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by chemical formulas (1) to (4). 2. The additive for electrolytic plating solutions according to claim 1, comprising at least one alcohol compound selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and isopropanol. 3. The additive for electrolytic plating solutions according to claim 1, wherein the additive for electrolytic plating solutions is an additive for electrolytic copper plating solutions. 4. An electrolytic plating solution comprising the additive for electrolytic plating solutions according to claim 1. 5. The electrolytic plating solution according to claim 4, comprising a metal salt and an electrolyte. 6. The electrolytic plating solution according to claim 5, wherein the metal salt is a copper salt. 7. The electrolytic plating solution according to claim 5, wherein the metal salt is copper sulfate and the electrolyte is sulfuric acid. 8. The electrolytic plating solution according to claim 4, comprising a chloride ion source. 9. The electrolytic plating solution according to claim 8, wherein the chloride ion source is hydrogen chloride. 10. An electrolytic plating method that uses the electrolytic plating solution according to claim 4. | 1,700 |
338,815 | 16,641,854 | 1,774 | A wire harness fixing structure includes; a silencer disposed between a floor mat and a body in a vehicle; a wire harness disposed along a main surface of the silencer; and a fixing member fixing the wire harness to the silencer. A bottomed hole having a bottom is formed in the silencer to be concaved from the main surface in a thickness direction. The fixing member is locked to the bottomed hole, thereby fixing the wire harness to the silencer. | 1. A wire harness fixing structure, comprising:
a silencer disposed between a floor mat and a body in a vehicle; a wire harness disposed along a main surface of the silencer; and a fixing member fixing the wire harness to the silencer, wherein a bottomed hole having a bottom is formed in the silencer to be concaved from the main surface in a thickness direction, and the fixing member is locked to the bottomed hole, thereby fixing the wire harness to the silencer. 2. The wire harness fixing structure according to claim 1, wherein
the silencer includes a silencer body part and a locking member which is formed of a material having higher rigidity than the silencer body part, is provided to be integral with the silencer body part, and has the bottomed hole. 3. The wire harness fixing structure according to claim 2, wherein
a locking protrusion part is formed in both the fixing member and the locking member so as to be locked to each other. 4. The wire harness fixing structure according to claim 2, wherein
the locking member includes a shaft extending from one end portion exposed to a side of the main surface of the silencer body part toward an inner side of the silencer body part and having the bottomed hole and a retaining part linking to another end portion of the shaft to prevent the shaft from getting out of the silencer body part, and the fixing member has an insertion part formed into a rod-like shape to be inserted into and locked to the bottomed hole formed in the shaft and an insertion regulating part formed on a base end of the insertion part to regulate a further insertion of the insertion part into the bottomed hole. 5. The wire harness fixing structure according to claim 4, wherein
the fixing member further has a harness fixing part which is provided to extend from the insertion regulating part and to which the wire harness is fixed. 6. The wire harness fixing structure according to claim 1, wherein
the fixing member includes a clip with a supporting column part and a locking piece formed on a tip of the supporting column part so as to be able to be inserted into and locked to a hole, and the locking piece in the clip is locked to the bottomed hole formed in the silencer body part. 7. The wire harness fixing structure according to claim 1, wherein
the wire harness includes an electrical wire and a sheet material which the electrical wire is fixed to and which is sandwiched between the fixing member and the silencer. 8. The wire harness fixing structure according to claim 1, wherein
the wire harness includes a plurality of electrical wires bundled into a circular shape in cross section and is fixed to the fixing member by a banding member. | A wire harness fixing structure includes; a silencer disposed between a floor mat and a body in a vehicle; a wire harness disposed along a main surface of the silencer; and a fixing member fixing the wire harness to the silencer. A bottomed hole having a bottom is formed in the silencer to be concaved from the main surface in a thickness direction. The fixing member is locked to the bottomed hole, thereby fixing the wire harness to the silencer.1. A wire harness fixing structure, comprising:
a silencer disposed between a floor mat and a body in a vehicle; a wire harness disposed along a main surface of the silencer; and a fixing member fixing the wire harness to the silencer, wherein a bottomed hole having a bottom is formed in the silencer to be concaved from the main surface in a thickness direction, and the fixing member is locked to the bottomed hole, thereby fixing the wire harness to the silencer. 2. The wire harness fixing structure according to claim 1, wherein
the silencer includes a silencer body part and a locking member which is formed of a material having higher rigidity than the silencer body part, is provided to be integral with the silencer body part, and has the bottomed hole. 3. The wire harness fixing structure according to claim 2, wherein
a locking protrusion part is formed in both the fixing member and the locking member so as to be locked to each other. 4. The wire harness fixing structure according to claim 2, wherein
the locking member includes a shaft extending from one end portion exposed to a side of the main surface of the silencer body part toward an inner side of the silencer body part and having the bottomed hole and a retaining part linking to another end portion of the shaft to prevent the shaft from getting out of the silencer body part, and the fixing member has an insertion part formed into a rod-like shape to be inserted into and locked to the bottomed hole formed in the shaft and an insertion regulating part formed on a base end of the insertion part to regulate a further insertion of the insertion part into the bottomed hole. 5. The wire harness fixing structure according to claim 4, wherein
the fixing member further has a harness fixing part which is provided to extend from the insertion regulating part and to which the wire harness is fixed. 6. The wire harness fixing structure according to claim 1, wherein
the fixing member includes a clip with a supporting column part and a locking piece formed on a tip of the supporting column part so as to be able to be inserted into and locked to a hole, and the locking piece in the clip is locked to the bottomed hole formed in the silencer body part. 7. The wire harness fixing structure according to claim 1, wherein
the wire harness includes an electrical wire and a sheet material which the electrical wire is fixed to and which is sandwiched between the fixing member and the silencer. 8. The wire harness fixing structure according to claim 1, wherein
the wire harness includes a plurality of electrical wires bundled into a circular shape in cross section and is fixed to the fixing member by a banding member. | 1,700 |
338,816 | 16,641,861 | 1,774 | A transparent article is disclosed that includes a transparent base material. A main surface of the transparent base material includes a rough surface portion that is roughened. The rough surface portion has a root mean square height Sq of 0.08 μm or less and a mean width RSm of roughness curve profile elements of 20 μm or less. | 1. A transparent article comprising a transparent base material, wherein
a main surface of the transparent base material includes a rough surface portion that is roughened, and the rough surface portion has a root mean square height Sq of 0.08 μm or less and a mean width RSm of roughness curve profile elements of 20 μm or less. 2. The transparent article according to claim 1, wherein the rough surface portion has a ratio of the root mean square height Sq and the mean width RSm of roughness curve profile elements (Sq/RSm) of 0.004 or less. 3. The transparent article according to claim 1, wherein the mean width RSm of roughness curve profile elements of the rough surface portion is 15 μm or less. | A transparent article is disclosed that includes a transparent base material. A main surface of the transparent base material includes a rough surface portion that is roughened. The rough surface portion has a root mean square height Sq of 0.08 μm or less and a mean width RSm of roughness curve profile elements of 20 μm or less.1. A transparent article comprising a transparent base material, wherein
a main surface of the transparent base material includes a rough surface portion that is roughened, and the rough surface portion has a root mean square height Sq of 0.08 μm or less and a mean width RSm of roughness curve profile elements of 20 μm or less. 2. The transparent article according to claim 1, wherein the rough surface portion has a ratio of the root mean square height Sq and the mean width RSm of roughness curve profile elements (Sq/RSm) of 0.004 or less. 3. The transparent article according to claim 1, wherein the mean width RSm of roughness curve profile elements of the rough surface portion is 15 μm or less. | 1,700 |
338,817 | 16,641,831 | 1,774 | A shelf, a dispatching method, a dispatching device, and an operation dispatching system relating to the field of intelligent warehousing technology, the shelf including: a storage device for placing an article; a motion device for moving the shelf; a power device for providing energy to the motion device; a communication device configured to communicate with a control center; and a controller that controls communication of the communication device with the control center and controls motion of the motion device. | 1: A shelf, comprising:
a storage device for placing an article; a motion device for moving the shelf; a power device for providing energy to the motion device; a communication device configured to communicate with a control center; and a controller that controls communication of the communication device with the control center and controls motion of the motion device. 2: The shelf according to claim 1, wherein,
the controller is configured to drive the motion device to move the shelf according to a path information in a dispatching instruction, in the case that the communication device receives the dispatching instruction from the control center. 3: The shelf according to claim 1, further comprising:
an article sensor that detects a storage state of each part of the storage device; wherein the controller is configured to send a path planning request to the control center through the communication device in the case that it is determined a quantity of the article in the storage device has reached a predetermined threshold according to detection data of the article sensor, and receive a dispatching instruction which is generated by performing path planning by the control center according to a location of the shelf and a location of a delivery vehicle. 4: The shelf according to claim 1, wherein the storage device comprises at least one of the following structures: a telescopic structure that adjusts a size of a storage space according to a control signal from the controller;
or a separator that adjusts its position in the storage space according to the control signal from the controller. 5: The shelf according to claim 1, further comprising one or more of the following structures:
a tag to be identified by at least one of an article sorting device or a staff; a display device that displays at least one of a storage state of the storage device or an endurance of the power device; or a lighting device that adjusts a brightness of an illuminated area according to an ambient light condition. 6: The shelf according to claim 1, wherein
the controller is further configured to perform at least one of the following operations in the case that an endurance of the power device reaches a predetermined lower limit: controlling the motion device to move the shelf to reach an energy charging area so as to charge energy; or controlling the power device to charge energy. 7: The shelf according to claim 1, wherein the shelf conforms to one or more of the following conditions:
the motion device is located at the bottom of the shelf; a lower area of the storage device is a large article loading area; or the shelf has a height no more than 2 meters. 8: A dispatching method, comprising:
obtaining, by a shelf, a dispatching instruction from a control center; obtaining a path information from the dispatching instruction; and driving a motion device of the shelf to lead to a motion of the shelf according to the path information. 9: The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
obtaining a storage state of the shelf; sending a path planning request to the control center in the case that a quantity of the carried article on the shelf reaches a predetermined threshold, so that the control center performs path planning according to a location of the shelf and a location of a delivery vehicle, and feeds back the dispatching instruction. 10: The method according to claim 9, wherein the quantity of the carried article on the shelf reaches the predetermined threshold comprises at least one of the followings:
the quantity of the carried article on the shelf reaches a predetermined maximum value during a loading process; or the article on the shelf is cleared during an unloading process. 11: The method according to claim 9, further comprising at least one of the followings:
adjusting a telescopic structure to adjust a size of a storage space according to a telescopic structure adjustment instruction from the control center; or adjusting a location of a separator in the storage space according to a separator adjustment instruction from the control center. 12: The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
obtaining an endurance of the shelf; performing at least one of the following operations when the endurance reaches a predetermined endurance threshold: controlling the shelf to reach an energy charging area to charge energy, or controlling a power device of the shelf to charge energy. 13: A dispatching method, comprising:
obtaining a location information of a shelf and a location information of a delivery vehicle; planning a path according to the location information of the shelf and the location information of the delivery vehicle to obtain a path information; and sending a dispatching information including the path information to the shelf. 14: The method according to claim 13, wherein obtaining the location information of the delivery vehicle comprises:
determining identifiers of target delivery stations of delivery vehicles according to identifiers of the delivery vehicles; determining a delivery vehicle heading for a target delivery station according to an identifier of the target delivery station; and obtaining a location information of the delivery vehicle heading for the target delivery station. 15: The method according to claim 13, wherein,
planning path and sending a dispatching information to the shelf in the case of obtaining at least one of a dispatching request from the shelf or a dispatching operation from a staff. 16: The method according to claim 13, further comprising at least one of the following:
sending an article loading instruction to an article sorting device which corresponding to an identifier of the shelf in the case that the shelf is located at a warehousing station; sending an unloading instruction to the article sorting device in the case that the shelf is located at a delivery station; obtaining a location information of the shelf and a target location information of the shelf at the warehousing station in the case that the delivery vehicle arrives at the warehousing station; performing path planning, and sending a get-off instruction including a path information to the shelf; or obtaining the location information of the shelf and the target location information of the shelf at the delivery station in the case that the delivery vehicle arrives at the delivery station; performing path planning, and sending a get-off instruction including a path information to the shelf. 17: A dispatching device, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, wherein the processor is configured to perform a method according to claim 8 based on instructions stored in the memory. 18: A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement steps of a method according to claim 8. 19: An operation dispatching system, comprising:
a shelf that includes: a storage device for placing an article, a motion device for driving motion of the shelf, a power device for providing energy to the motion device, a communication device that communicates with a control center, and a controller that controls communication of the communication device with the control center and controls motion of the motion device; and an operation dispatching center configured to execute a dispatching method according to claim 13. 20: The operation dispatching system according to claim 19, further comprising at least one of the following devices:
an article sorting device configured to perform at least one of the following functions of: loading an article to the shelf; or unloading the article from the shelf; or a delivery vehicle configured to send a location information to the operation dispatching center, move between a warehousing station and a delivery station according to a path planning result of the operation dispatching center based on a distribution instruction of the operation dispatching center, and send a get-off request of the shelf to the operation dispatching center when a target location is arrived. | A shelf, a dispatching method, a dispatching device, and an operation dispatching system relating to the field of intelligent warehousing technology, the shelf including: a storage device for placing an article; a motion device for moving the shelf; a power device for providing energy to the motion device; a communication device configured to communicate with a control center; and a controller that controls communication of the communication device with the control center and controls motion of the motion device.1: A shelf, comprising:
a storage device for placing an article; a motion device for moving the shelf; a power device for providing energy to the motion device; a communication device configured to communicate with a control center; and a controller that controls communication of the communication device with the control center and controls motion of the motion device. 2: The shelf according to claim 1, wherein,
the controller is configured to drive the motion device to move the shelf according to a path information in a dispatching instruction, in the case that the communication device receives the dispatching instruction from the control center. 3: The shelf according to claim 1, further comprising:
an article sensor that detects a storage state of each part of the storage device; wherein the controller is configured to send a path planning request to the control center through the communication device in the case that it is determined a quantity of the article in the storage device has reached a predetermined threshold according to detection data of the article sensor, and receive a dispatching instruction which is generated by performing path planning by the control center according to a location of the shelf and a location of a delivery vehicle. 4: The shelf according to claim 1, wherein the storage device comprises at least one of the following structures: a telescopic structure that adjusts a size of a storage space according to a control signal from the controller;
or a separator that adjusts its position in the storage space according to the control signal from the controller. 5: The shelf according to claim 1, further comprising one or more of the following structures:
a tag to be identified by at least one of an article sorting device or a staff; a display device that displays at least one of a storage state of the storage device or an endurance of the power device; or a lighting device that adjusts a brightness of an illuminated area according to an ambient light condition. 6: The shelf according to claim 1, wherein
the controller is further configured to perform at least one of the following operations in the case that an endurance of the power device reaches a predetermined lower limit: controlling the motion device to move the shelf to reach an energy charging area so as to charge energy; or controlling the power device to charge energy. 7: The shelf according to claim 1, wherein the shelf conforms to one or more of the following conditions:
the motion device is located at the bottom of the shelf; a lower area of the storage device is a large article loading area; or the shelf has a height no more than 2 meters. 8: A dispatching method, comprising:
obtaining, by a shelf, a dispatching instruction from a control center; obtaining a path information from the dispatching instruction; and driving a motion device of the shelf to lead to a motion of the shelf according to the path information. 9: The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
obtaining a storage state of the shelf; sending a path planning request to the control center in the case that a quantity of the carried article on the shelf reaches a predetermined threshold, so that the control center performs path planning according to a location of the shelf and a location of a delivery vehicle, and feeds back the dispatching instruction. 10: The method according to claim 9, wherein the quantity of the carried article on the shelf reaches the predetermined threshold comprises at least one of the followings:
the quantity of the carried article on the shelf reaches a predetermined maximum value during a loading process; or the article on the shelf is cleared during an unloading process. 11: The method according to claim 9, further comprising at least one of the followings:
adjusting a telescopic structure to adjust a size of a storage space according to a telescopic structure adjustment instruction from the control center; or adjusting a location of a separator in the storage space according to a separator adjustment instruction from the control center. 12: The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
obtaining an endurance of the shelf; performing at least one of the following operations when the endurance reaches a predetermined endurance threshold: controlling the shelf to reach an energy charging area to charge energy, or controlling a power device of the shelf to charge energy. 13: A dispatching method, comprising:
obtaining a location information of a shelf and a location information of a delivery vehicle; planning a path according to the location information of the shelf and the location information of the delivery vehicle to obtain a path information; and sending a dispatching information including the path information to the shelf. 14: The method according to claim 13, wherein obtaining the location information of the delivery vehicle comprises:
determining identifiers of target delivery stations of delivery vehicles according to identifiers of the delivery vehicles; determining a delivery vehicle heading for a target delivery station according to an identifier of the target delivery station; and obtaining a location information of the delivery vehicle heading for the target delivery station. 15: The method according to claim 13, wherein,
planning path and sending a dispatching information to the shelf in the case of obtaining at least one of a dispatching request from the shelf or a dispatching operation from a staff. 16: The method according to claim 13, further comprising at least one of the following:
sending an article loading instruction to an article sorting device which corresponding to an identifier of the shelf in the case that the shelf is located at a warehousing station; sending an unloading instruction to the article sorting device in the case that the shelf is located at a delivery station; obtaining a location information of the shelf and a target location information of the shelf at the warehousing station in the case that the delivery vehicle arrives at the warehousing station; performing path planning, and sending a get-off instruction including a path information to the shelf; or obtaining the location information of the shelf and the target location information of the shelf at the delivery station in the case that the delivery vehicle arrives at the delivery station; performing path planning, and sending a get-off instruction including a path information to the shelf. 17: A dispatching device, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, wherein the processor is configured to perform a method according to claim 8 based on instructions stored in the memory. 18: A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement steps of a method according to claim 8. 19: An operation dispatching system, comprising:
a shelf that includes: a storage device for placing an article, a motion device for driving motion of the shelf, a power device for providing energy to the motion device, a communication device that communicates with a control center, and a controller that controls communication of the communication device with the control center and controls motion of the motion device; and an operation dispatching center configured to execute a dispatching method according to claim 13. 20: The operation dispatching system according to claim 19, further comprising at least one of the following devices:
an article sorting device configured to perform at least one of the following functions of: loading an article to the shelf; or unloading the article from the shelf; or a delivery vehicle configured to send a location information to the operation dispatching center, move between a warehousing station and a delivery station according to a path planning result of the operation dispatching center based on a distribution instruction of the operation dispatching center, and send a get-off request of the shelf to the operation dispatching center when a target location is arrived. | 1,700 |
338,818 | 16,641,832 | 1,774 | According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of screening a prostate cancer patient by optical image analysis of a circulating tumor cell marker and a prostate-specific membrane antigen. | 1. A method for screening a prostate cancer patient, the method comprising the steps of:
obtaining blood from the prostate cancer patient; isolating circulating tumor cells from the blood using a biochip; reacting the isolated circulating tumor cells with a fluorescent marker binding specifically to the circulating tumor cells and a fluorescent marker binding specifically to prostate-specific membrane antigen; receiving optical images of the circulating tumor cells reacted with the fluorescent marker specific to the circulating tumor cells and the prostate-specific membrane antigen reacted with the fluorescent marker specific to the prostate-specific membrane antigen under a plurality of wavelength ranges, respectively; performing a first filtering by measuring fluorescence intensities of the circulating tumor cells and the prostate-specific membrane antigen in the optical images under all or part of the plurality of wavelength ranges; performing a second filtering by measuring morphology of the circulating tumor cells in the optical images under all or part of the plurality of wavelength ranges; and performing a third filtering by measuring morphology of the circulating tumor cells in a combined image obtained by merging all or part of the optical images under the plurality of respective wavelength ranges. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluorescent marker binding specifically to the circulating tumor cells is at least one selected from the group consisting of an antibody specific for vimentin, an antibody specific for EpCAM, and an antibody specific for CK. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the optical images under the plurality of wavelength ranges in the step of receiving the optical images include a blue wavelength range image, a green wavelength range image, and a red wavelength range image. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein a nucleus of the circulating tumor cells is identified by performing, on the blue wavelength range image, the step of performing the first filtering and the step of performing the second filtering. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein a membrane of the circulating tumor cells is identified by performing, on one or more of the green wavelength range image and the red wavelength range image, the step of performing the first filtering. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the morphology of the circulating tumor cells includes one or more of cell area, cell size, and circularity. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of performing the first filtering comprises the steps of:
measuring size of the circulating tumor cells in the optical images under all or part of the plurality of wavelength ranges; and setting a polygonal or circular area, which is larger than the measured size of the circulating tumor cells by a predetermined ratio or amount, and performing the first filtering by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the circulating tumor cells within the area. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of isolating the circulating tumor cells is performed under atmospheric pressure of 1000 hPa to 1020 hPa. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the biochip is a high-density microporous chip coated with a BSA solution. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the high-density microporous chip is a size-based chip. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the coating with a BSA solution is performed at a BSA concentration of 0.05 to 0.15%. | According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of screening a prostate cancer patient by optical image analysis of a circulating tumor cell marker and a prostate-specific membrane antigen.1. A method for screening a prostate cancer patient, the method comprising the steps of:
obtaining blood from the prostate cancer patient; isolating circulating tumor cells from the blood using a biochip; reacting the isolated circulating tumor cells with a fluorescent marker binding specifically to the circulating tumor cells and a fluorescent marker binding specifically to prostate-specific membrane antigen; receiving optical images of the circulating tumor cells reacted with the fluorescent marker specific to the circulating tumor cells and the prostate-specific membrane antigen reacted with the fluorescent marker specific to the prostate-specific membrane antigen under a plurality of wavelength ranges, respectively; performing a first filtering by measuring fluorescence intensities of the circulating tumor cells and the prostate-specific membrane antigen in the optical images under all or part of the plurality of wavelength ranges; performing a second filtering by measuring morphology of the circulating tumor cells in the optical images under all or part of the plurality of wavelength ranges; and performing a third filtering by measuring morphology of the circulating tumor cells in a combined image obtained by merging all or part of the optical images under the plurality of respective wavelength ranges. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluorescent marker binding specifically to the circulating tumor cells is at least one selected from the group consisting of an antibody specific for vimentin, an antibody specific for EpCAM, and an antibody specific for CK. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the optical images under the plurality of wavelength ranges in the step of receiving the optical images include a blue wavelength range image, a green wavelength range image, and a red wavelength range image. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein a nucleus of the circulating tumor cells is identified by performing, on the blue wavelength range image, the step of performing the first filtering and the step of performing the second filtering. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein a membrane of the circulating tumor cells is identified by performing, on one or more of the green wavelength range image and the red wavelength range image, the step of performing the first filtering. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the morphology of the circulating tumor cells includes one or more of cell area, cell size, and circularity. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of performing the first filtering comprises the steps of:
measuring size of the circulating tumor cells in the optical images under all or part of the plurality of wavelength ranges; and setting a polygonal or circular area, which is larger than the measured size of the circulating tumor cells by a predetermined ratio or amount, and performing the first filtering by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the circulating tumor cells within the area. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of isolating the circulating tumor cells is performed under atmospheric pressure of 1000 hPa to 1020 hPa. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the biochip is a high-density microporous chip coated with a BSA solution. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the high-density microporous chip is a size-based chip. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the coating with a BSA solution is performed at a BSA concentration of 0.05 to 0.15%. | 1,700 |
338,819 | 16,641,844 | 3,762 | A linear supply outlet system and related devices and methods for efficiently passing air into an indoor space while integrating heating and cooling fenestrations with architectural appearances, comprising: an active register comprising: an active fenestration projection comprising a width thereof no smaller than ⅜″ and no larger than ⅞″, culminating in an airflow opening at a forward extremity of the active register; an active register mounting flange recessed rearward of the airflow opening; and at least one duct connection fabricated to connect with an SDHV duct; and a passive register-connector comprising: a passive fenestration projection comprising a width thereof which is equal to the width of the active fenestration projection, culminating in a dummy opening at a forward extremity of the passive register-connector; a passive register-connector mounting flange recessed rearward of the dummy opening; and omitting any duct connection for connecting with an airflow duct. | 1. A linear supply outlet system for efficiently passing air motivated by a small duct high velocity (SDHV) heating and cooling system into an indoor space while integrating heating and cooling fenestrations with architectural appearances, comprising:
at least one an active register, each said active register comprising:
an active fenestration projection comprising a width thereof no smaller than ⅜″ and no larger than ⅞″, and a length thereof no smaller than 12″, culminating in an airflow opening at a forward extremity of said active register;
an active register mounting flange recessed rearward of said airflow opening by an active register recess distance approximately equal to a thickness of an indoor space boundary material into which said active register is to be installed; and
at least one duct connection fabricated to connect with an SDHV duct, and configured to pass air from the SDHV heating and cooling system through said airflow opening into the indoor space; and
at least one passive register-connector, each said passive register-connector comprising:
a passive fenestration projection comprising a width thereof which is equal to said width of said active fenestration projection, culminating in a dummy opening at a forward extremity of said passive register-connector;
a passive register-connector mounting flange recessed rearward of said dummy opening by a passive register-connector recess distance equal to said active register recess distance; and
omitting any duct connection for connecting with an airflow duct. 2. The system of claim 1, said active and passive fenestration projections comprising said widths thereof substantially equal to ⅝″. 3. The system of claim 1, at least one of said active fenestration projections comprising a length thereof which is substantially equal to 13.5″, and exactly one of said duct connections. 4. The system of claim 1, at least one of said active fenestration projections comprising a length thereof which is substantially equal to 28″, and at least two of said duct connections. 5. The system of claim 1, at least one of said active registers comprising a side cross section configured to flow air straight from its said at least one duct connection through its said airflow opening without redirecting said airflow. 6. The system of claim 1, at least one of said active registers comprising a side cross section configured to redirect an airflow direction from its said at least one duct connection through its said airflow opening. 7. The system of claim 1, at least one of said active registers comprising an angle between its said active fenestration projection and its said active register mounting flange which is substantially equal to 90 degrees. 8. The system of claim 1, at least one of said active registers comprising an angle between its said active fenestration projection and its said active register mounting flange which differs from 90 degrees by at least 10 degrees. 9. system of claim 1, at least one of said passive register-connectors comprising an angle between its said passive fenestration projection and its said passive register-connector mounting flange which is substantially equal to 90 degrees. 10. The system of claim 1, at least one of said passive register-connectors comprising an angle between its said passive fenestration projection and its said passive register-connector mounting flange which differs from 90 degrees by at least 10 degrees. 11. The system of claim 1, at least one of said fenestration projections omitting physical ends at the length extremities of their fenestration projections, said omitting said physical ends arising from one of:
the breaking a score line to remove said physical ends; and the ab initio fabrication of said fenestration projection without said physical ends. 12. A passive register-connector apparatus for integrating with architectural appearances, heating and cooling fenestrations of an active register flowing air motivated by a small duct high velocity (SDHV) heating and cooling system into an indoor space, said passive register-connector comprising:
a passive fenestration projection comprising a width thereof which is equal to a width of an active fenestration projection of the active register, culminating in a dummy opening at a forward extremity of said passive register-connector; a passive register-connector mounting flange recessed rearward of said dummy opening by a passive register-connector recess distance equal to an active register recess distance of the active register; and omitting any duct connection for connecting with an airflow duct. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, said passive fenestration projection comprising a width thereof no smaller than ⅜″ and no larger than ⅞″. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, said passive fenestration projection comprising a width thereof substantially equal to ⅝″. 15. The apparatus of claim 12, said passive register-connector recess distance substantially equal to a thickness of an indoor space boundary material into which said passive register-connector is to be installed. 16. A method for integrating heating and cooling fenestrations with architectural appearances, used in connection with a linear supply outlet system for efficiently passing air motivated by a small duct high velocity (SDHV) heating and cooling system into an indoor space, said method comprising:
providing at least one active register, each said active register comprising: an active fenestration projection comprising a width thereof no smaller than ⅜″ and no larger than ⅞″, and a length thereof no smaller than 12″, culminating in an airflow opening at a forward extremity of said active register; an active register mounting flange recessed rearward of said airflow opening by an active register recess distance approximately equal to a thickness said indoor space boundary material; and at least one duct connection fabricated to connect with an SDHV duct, and configured to pass air from the SDHV heating and cooling system through said airflow opening into the indoor space; and providing at least one passive register-connector, each said passive register-connector comprising: a passive fenestration projection comprising a width thereof which is equal to said width of said active fenestration projection, culminating in a dummy opening at a forward extremity of said passive register-connector; a passive register-connector mounting flange recessed rearward of said dummy opening by a passive register-connector recess distance equal to said active register recess distance; and omitting any duct connection for connecting with an airflow duct; wherein following said installing in combination with the configuration of said at least one active register and said at least one passive register-connector: installing said at least one active register into an indoor space boundary material by mounting said active register mounting flange behind the indoor space boundary material while passing said active fenestration projection through said indoor space boundary material; and installing said at least one passive register-connector into the indoor space boundary material in series adjacent to one of said active registers by mounting said passive register-connector mounting flange behind the indoor space boundary material while passing said passive fenestration projection through said indoor space boundary material; wherein following said installation: said at least one active register and said at least one passive register-connector form a continuous visual line with one another; said airflow opening and said dummy opening are substantially flush with the interior visible surface of said indoor space boundary material; and all other parts of said at least one active register and said at least one passive register-connector are not visible from inside the indoor space. 17. The method of claim 16, said active and passive fenestration projections comprising said widths thereof substantially equal to ⅝″. 18. The method of claim 16, at least one of said active fenestration projections comprising a length thereof which is substantially equal to 13.5″, and exactly one of said duct connections. 19. The method of claim 16, at least one of said active fenestration projections comprising a length thereof which is substantially equal to 28″, and at least two of said duct connections. 20. The method of claim 16, at least one of said active registers comprising a side cross section configured to flow air straight from its said at least one duct connection through its said airflow opening without redirecting said airflow. 21. The method of claim 16, at least one of said active registers comprising a side cross section configured to redirect an airflow direction from its said at least one duct connection through its said airflow opening. 22. The method of claim 16, at least one of said active registers comprising an angle between its said active fenestration projection and its said active register mounting flange which is substantially equal to 90 degrees. 23. The method of claim 16, at least one of said active registers comprising an angle between its said active fenestration projection and its said active register mounting flange which differs from 90 degrees by at least 10 degrees. 24. The method of claim 16, at least one of said passive register-connectors comprising an angle between its said passive fenestration projection and its said passive register-connector mounting flange which is substantially equal to 90 degrees. 25. The method of claim 16, at least one of said passive register-connectors comprising an angle between its said passive fenestration projection and its said passive register-connector mounting flange which differs from 90 degrees by at least 10 degrees. 26. The method of claim 16, further comprising omitting physical ends at the length extremities of at least one of said fenestration projections, by one of:
breaking a score line to remove said physical ends; and ab initio fabricating said fenestration projection without said physical ends. | A linear supply outlet system and related devices and methods for efficiently passing air into an indoor space while integrating heating and cooling fenestrations with architectural appearances, comprising: an active register comprising: an active fenestration projection comprising a width thereof no smaller than ⅜″ and no larger than ⅞″, culminating in an airflow opening at a forward extremity of the active register; an active register mounting flange recessed rearward of the airflow opening; and at least one duct connection fabricated to connect with an SDHV duct; and a passive register-connector comprising: a passive fenestration projection comprising a width thereof which is equal to the width of the active fenestration projection, culminating in a dummy opening at a forward extremity of the passive register-connector; a passive register-connector mounting flange recessed rearward of the dummy opening; and omitting any duct connection for connecting with an airflow duct.1. A linear supply outlet system for efficiently passing air motivated by a small duct high velocity (SDHV) heating and cooling system into an indoor space while integrating heating and cooling fenestrations with architectural appearances, comprising:
at least one an active register, each said active register comprising:
an active fenestration projection comprising a width thereof no smaller than ⅜″ and no larger than ⅞″, and a length thereof no smaller than 12″, culminating in an airflow opening at a forward extremity of said active register;
an active register mounting flange recessed rearward of said airflow opening by an active register recess distance approximately equal to a thickness of an indoor space boundary material into which said active register is to be installed; and
at least one duct connection fabricated to connect with an SDHV duct, and configured to pass air from the SDHV heating and cooling system through said airflow opening into the indoor space; and
at least one passive register-connector, each said passive register-connector comprising:
a passive fenestration projection comprising a width thereof which is equal to said width of said active fenestration projection, culminating in a dummy opening at a forward extremity of said passive register-connector;
a passive register-connector mounting flange recessed rearward of said dummy opening by a passive register-connector recess distance equal to said active register recess distance; and
omitting any duct connection for connecting with an airflow duct. 2. The system of claim 1, said active and passive fenestration projections comprising said widths thereof substantially equal to ⅝″. 3. The system of claim 1, at least one of said active fenestration projections comprising a length thereof which is substantially equal to 13.5″, and exactly one of said duct connections. 4. The system of claim 1, at least one of said active fenestration projections comprising a length thereof which is substantially equal to 28″, and at least two of said duct connections. 5. The system of claim 1, at least one of said active registers comprising a side cross section configured to flow air straight from its said at least one duct connection through its said airflow opening without redirecting said airflow. 6. The system of claim 1, at least one of said active registers comprising a side cross section configured to redirect an airflow direction from its said at least one duct connection through its said airflow opening. 7. The system of claim 1, at least one of said active registers comprising an angle between its said active fenestration projection and its said active register mounting flange which is substantially equal to 90 degrees. 8. The system of claim 1, at least one of said active registers comprising an angle between its said active fenestration projection and its said active register mounting flange which differs from 90 degrees by at least 10 degrees. 9. system of claim 1, at least one of said passive register-connectors comprising an angle between its said passive fenestration projection and its said passive register-connector mounting flange which is substantially equal to 90 degrees. 10. The system of claim 1, at least one of said passive register-connectors comprising an angle between its said passive fenestration projection and its said passive register-connector mounting flange which differs from 90 degrees by at least 10 degrees. 11. The system of claim 1, at least one of said fenestration projections omitting physical ends at the length extremities of their fenestration projections, said omitting said physical ends arising from one of:
the breaking a score line to remove said physical ends; and the ab initio fabrication of said fenestration projection without said physical ends. 12. A passive register-connector apparatus for integrating with architectural appearances, heating and cooling fenestrations of an active register flowing air motivated by a small duct high velocity (SDHV) heating and cooling system into an indoor space, said passive register-connector comprising:
a passive fenestration projection comprising a width thereof which is equal to a width of an active fenestration projection of the active register, culminating in a dummy opening at a forward extremity of said passive register-connector; a passive register-connector mounting flange recessed rearward of said dummy opening by a passive register-connector recess distance equal to an active register recess distance of the active register; and omitting any duct connection for connecting with an airflow duct. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, said passive fenestration projection comprising a width thereof no smaller than ⅜″ and no larger than ⅞″. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, said passive fenestration projection comprising a width thereof substantially equal to ⅝″. 15. The apparatus of claim 12, said passive register-connector recess distance substantially equal to a thickness of an indoor space boundary material into which said passive register-connector is to be installed. 16. A method for integrating heating and cooling fenestrations with architectural appearances, used in connection with a linear supply outlet system for efficiently passing air motivated by a small duct high velocity (SDHV) heating and cooling system into an indoor space, said method comprising:
providing at least one active register, each said active register comprising: an active fenestration projection comprising a width thereof no smaller than ⅜″ and no larger than ⅞″, and a length thereof no smaller than 12″, culminating in an airflow opening at a forward extremity of said active register; an active register mounting flange recessed rearward of said airflow opening by an active register recess distance approximately equal to a thickness said indoor space boundary material; and at least one duct connection fabricated to connect with an SDHV duct, and configured to pass air from the SDHV heating and cooling system through said airflow opening into the indoor space; and providing at least one passive register-connector, each said passive register-connector comprising: a passive fenestration projection comprising a width thereof which is equal to said width of said active fenestration projection, culminating in a dummy opening at a forward extremity of said passive register-connector; a passive register-connector mounting flange recessed rearward of said dummy opening by a passive register-connector recess distance equal to said active register recess distance; and omitting any duct connection for connecting with an airflow duct; wherein following said installing in combination with the configuration of said at least one active register and said at least one passive register-connector: installing said at least one active register into an indoor space boundary material by mounting said active register mounting flange behind the indoor space boundary material while passing said active fenestration projection through said indoor space boundary material; and installing said at least one passive register-connector into the indoor space boundary material in series adjacent to one of said active registers by mounting said passive register-connector mounting flange behind the indoor space boundary material while passing said passive fenestration projection through said indoor space boundary material; wherein following said installation: said at least one active register and said at least one passive register-connector form a continuous visual line with one another; said airflow opening and said dummy opening are substantially flush with the interior visible surface of said indoor space boundary material; and all other parts of said at least one active register and said at least one passive register-connector are not visible from inside the indoor space. 17. The method of claim 16, said active and passive fenestration projections comprising said widths thereof substantially equal to ⅝″. 18. The method of claim 16, at least one of said active fenestration projections comprising a length thereof which is substantially equal to 13.5″, and exactly one of said duct connections. 19. The method of claim 16, at least one of said active fenestration projections comprising a length thereof which is substantially equal to 28″, and at least two of said duct connections. 20. The method of claim 16, at least one of said active registers comprising a side cross section configured to flow air straight from its said at least one duct connection through its said airflow opening without redirecting said airflow. 21. The method of claim 16, at least one of said active registers comprising a side cross section configured to redirect an airflow direction from its said at least one duct connection through its said airflow opening. 22. The method of claim 16, at least one of said active registers comprising an angle between its said active fenestration projection and its said active register mounting flange which is substantially equal to 90 degrees. 23. The method of claim 16, at least one of said active registers comprising an angle between its said active fenestration projection and its said active register mounting flange which differs from 90 degrees by at least 10 degrees. 24. The method of claim 16, at least one of said passive register-connectors comprising an angle between its said passive fenestration projection and its said passive register-connector mounting flange which is substantially equal to 90 degrees. 25. The method of claim 16, at least one of said passive register-connectors comprising an angle between its said passive fenestration projection and its said passive register-connector mounting flange which differs from 90 degrees by at least 10 degrees. 26. The method of claim 16, further comprising omitting physical ends at the length extremities of at least one of said fenestration projections, by one of:
breaking a score line to remove said physical ends; and ab initio fabricating said fenestration projection without said physical ends. | 3,700 |
338,820 | 16,641,863 | 3,679 | An autonomous intervention system configured to perform an intervention operation in a wellbore comprises a tool housing having a tool storage compartment configured to house an intervention tool. A valve arrangement permits selective communication of tools and fluid between the tool housing and the wellbore. The intervention system is configured to move in response to an activation event between a tool storage configuration in which the tool housing is isolated from the wellbore by the valve arrangement and an activated configuration in which the valve arrangement is open and the tool housing communicates with the wellbore to permit deployment of the intervention tool by a tool deployment arrangement. | 1. An autonomous intervention system for a wellbore, the intervention system comprising:
a tool housing configured to house an intervention tool for deployment into the wellbore; a tool deployment arrangement for deploying the intervention tool into the wellbore, wherein the intervention system is configurable between a tool storage configuration in which the tool housing is isolated from the wellbore and an activated configuration in which the tool housing communicates with the wellbore and permits deployment of the intervention tool by the tool deployment arrangement; and a controller configured to permit autonomous control of operation of the intervention system between the tool storage configuration and the activated configuration to facilitate deployment of the intervention tool into the wellbore. 2. The intervention system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to activate the intervention system in response to an activation event. 3. The intervention system of claim 2, wherein the activation event comprises at least one of: a fluid flow rate; a time event; a pressure event; and/or a temperature event. 4. The intervention system of claim 1, wherein the tool housing comprises a lubricator. 5. The intervention system of claim 1, wherein the tool housing is configured for location on a wellhead of the wellbore. 6. The intervention system of claim 1, further comprising a well valve arrangement wherein the well valve arrangement is configured to:
prevent fluid communication between the tool housing and the wellbore and/or a well valve arrangement of the wellbore when the intervention system defines the tool storage configuration; and/or permit fluid communication between the tool housing and the wellbore and/or the well valve arrangement when the intervention system defines the activated configuration. 7. The intervention system of claim 1, wherein the tool deployment arrangement comprises a conveyance for transporting the intervention tool into and/or retrieving the intervention tool from the wellbore. 8. The intervention system of claim 1, wherein the tool deployment arrangement comprises a winch. 9. The intervention system of c wherein the tool deployment arrangement comprises a pulley. 10. The intervention system of claim 1, further comprising, operatively associated with, or provided in combination with, a drive arrangement. 11. The intervention system of claim 10, wherein the drive arrangement comprises an electric motor. 12. The intervention system of claim 1, further comprising a support arrangement, the support arrangement comprising a support mast. 13. The intervention system of claim 1, further comprising a monitoring arrangement. 14. The intervention system of claim 13, further comprising a sensor arrangement configured to obtain information relating to a condition in the wellbore and/or a condition of the intervention system. 15. The intervention system of claim 1, further comprising a communication arrangement. 16. The intervention system of claim 1, further comprising a power supply for supplying to the intervention system. 17. The intervention system of claim 16, wherein the power supply comprises comprise one or more battery. 18. The intervention system of claim 1, further comprising an energy capture device arrangement. 19. The intervention system of claim 1, further comprising a sealing system operatively associated with the conveyance, the sealing system configured to prevent leakage between the tool housing and the conveyance. 20. A well system comprising:
the intervention system of claim 1; and a wellbore. 21. A method comprising:
providing an intervention system for a wellbore, the intervention system comprising: a tool housing configured to house an intervention tool for deployment into the wellbore; a tool deployment arrangement for deploying the intervention tool into the wellbore, wherein the intervention system is configurable between a tool storage configuration in which the tool housing is isolated from the wellbore and an activated configuration in which the tool housing communicates with the wellbore and permits deployment of the intervention tool by the tool deployment arrangement; and a controller configured to permit autonomous control of operation of the intervention system between the tool storage configuration and the activated configuration to facilitate deployment of the intervention tool into the wellbore; activating the intervention system from the tool storage configuration to the activated configuration; and operating the tool deployment arrangement to deploy the intervention tool into the wellbore. 22. A method comprising:
deploying an intervention tool of a wellbore intervention system into a wellbore to perform a first intervention operation on the wellbore; retrieving the intervention tool from the wellbore; and producing from the wellbore, wherein the intervention system remains coupled to the wellbore during production. 23-25. (canceled) | An autonomous intervention system configured to perform an intervention operation in a wellbore comprises a tool housing having a tool storage compartment configured to house an intervention tool. A valve arrangement permits selective communication of tools and fluid between the tool housing and the wellbore. The intervention system is configured to move in response to an activation event between a tool storage configuration in which the tool housing is isolated from the wellbore by the valve arrangement and an activated configuration in which the valve arrangement is open and the tool housing communicates with the wellbore to permit deployment of the intervention tool by a tool deployment arrangement.1. An autonomous intervention system for a wellbore, the intervention system comprising:
a tool housing configured to house an intervention tool for deployment into the wellbore; a tool deployment arrangement for deploying the intervention tool into the wellbore, wherein the intervention system is configurable between a tool storage configuration in which the tool housing is isolated from the wellbore and an activated configuration in which the tool housing communicates with the wellbore and permits deployment of the intervention tool by the tool deployment arrangement; and a controller configured to permit autonomous control of operation of the intervention system between the tool storage configuration and the activated configuration to facilitate deployment of the intervention tool into the wellbore. 2. The intervention system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to activate the intervention system in response to an activation event. 3. The intervention system of claim 2, wherein the activation event comprises at least one of: a fluid flow rate; a time event; a pressure event; and/or a temperature event. 4. The intervention system of claim 1, wherein the tool housing comprises a lubricator. 5. The intervention system of claim 1, wherein the tool housing is configured for location on a wellhead of the wellbore. 6. The intervention system of claim 1, further comprising a well valve arrangement wherein the well valve arrangement is configured to:
prevent fluid communication between the tool housing and the wellbore and/or a well valve arrangement of the wellbore when the intervention system defines the tool storage configuration; and/or permit fluid communication between the tool housing and the wellbore and/or the well valve arrangement when the intervention system defines the activated configuration. 7. The intervention system of claim 1, wherein the tool deployment arrangement comprises a conveyance for transporting the intervention tool into and/or retrieving the intervention tool from the wellbore. 8. The intervention system of claim 1, wherein the tool deployment arrangement comprises a winch. 9. The intervention system of c wherein the tool deployment arrangement comprises a pulley. 10. The intervention system of claim 1, further comprising, operatively associated with, or provided in combination with, a drive arrangement. 11. The intervention system of claim 10, wherein the drive arrangement comprises an electric motor. 12. The intervention system of claim 1, further comprising a support arrangement, the support arrangement comprising a support mast. 13. The intervention system of claim 1, further comprising a monitoring arrangement. 14. The intervention system of claim 13, further comprising a sensor arrangement configured to obtain information relating to a condition in the wellbore and/or a condition of the intervention system. 15. The intervention system of claim 1, further comprising a communication arrangement. 16. The intervention system of claim 1, further comprising a power supply for supplying to the intervention system. 17. The intervention system of claim 16, wherein the power supply comprises comprise one or more battery. 18. The intervention system of claim 1, further comprising an energy capture device arrangement. 19. The intervention system of claim 1, further comprising a sealing system operatively associated with the conveyance, the sealing system configured to prevent leakage between the tool housing and the conveyance. 20. A well system comprising:
the intervention system of claim 1; and a wellbore. 21. A method comprising:
providing an intervention system for a wellbore, the intervention system comprising: a tool housing configured to house an intervention tool for deployment into the wellbore; a tool deployment arrangement for deploying the intervention tool into the wellbore, wherein the intervention system is configurable between a tool storage configuration in which the tool housing is isolated from the wellbore and an activated configuration in which the tool housing communicates with the wellbore and permits deployment of the intervention tool by the tool deployment arrangement; and a controller configured to permit autonomous control of operation of the intervention system between the tool storage configuration and the activated configuration to facilitate deployment of the intervention tool into the wellbore; activating the intervention system from the tool storage configuration to the activated configuration; and operating the tool deployment arrangement to deploy the intervention tool into the wellbore. 22. A method comprising:
deploying an intervention tool of a wellbore intervention system into a wellbore to perform a first intervention operation on the wellbore; retrieving the intervention tool from the wellbore; and producing from the wellbore, wherein the intervention system remains coupled to the wellbore during production. 23-25. (canceled) | 3,600 |
338,821 | 16,641,891 | 3,679 | A method is described for the locationally selective transmission of a signal by radio. Both a transmitter and a receiver are synchronized to the same time reference. The receiver receiving and demodulating, at a time that is one of the specified times of the time reference, a signal transmitted by the transmitter, if the receiver has received the signal at a time that is one of the specified times. The method includes the transmitter determining a receive location within a receive zone to which it wishes to transmit the signal in selective fashion, a position in the receive zone being a function of a position of the transmitter and a signal runtime. The method also includes the transmitter transmitting the signal; and the receiver, which is situated inside the receive zone, receives and demodulates the signal. | 1-14. (canceled) 15. A method for a locationally selective transmission of a signal by radio, both a transmitter and a receiver being synchronized to the same time reference, and the receiver receiving and demodulating, at a time that is one of the specified times of the time reference, a signal transmitted by the transmitter, if the receiver has received the signal at a time that is one of the specified times, the method comprising the following steps:
determining, by the transmitter, a receive location within a receive zone to which the transmitter is to selectively transmit the signal, a position in the receive zone being a function of a position of the transmitter and a signal runtime; and transmitting, by the transmitter, the signal; wherein the receiver situated in the receive zone receives and demodulates the signal. 16. A method for a locationally selective reception of a signal by radio, both a transmitter and a receiver being synchronized to the same time reference, and the transmitter transmitting a signal at a time that is one of the specified times of the time reference, the method comprising the following steps:
determining, by the receiver, a transmit location within a transmit zone from which the receiver is to selectively receive the signal, a position in the transmit zone being a function of a position of the receiver and a signal runtime; and during a receive time period, receiving and demodulating, by the receiver, a signal transmitted by the transmitter. 17. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein a width of the receive zone being modified by the transmitter through a selection of a signal structure. 18. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the receive zone in annular. 19. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein a width of the receive zone is enlarged through an additional synchronization at the receiver. 20. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein the signal is transmitted by the transmitter in such a way that only one receiver, which is situated within the receive zone, can correctly demodulate the signal. 21. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein the transmitter uses a CAZAC function or a CAZAC sequence for the modulation of the radio signal and the receiver uses a corresponding demodulation. 22. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein the transmission and reception take place on a level of a physical layer. 23. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein the transmitter and the receiver are synchronized to the same time reference by the Global Positioning System. 24. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein the locationally selective transmission and/or reception is used in a geocasting system. 25. A transmit unit that is set up to transmit a signal in locationally selective fashion, the transmit unit configured to:
determine a receive location within a receive zone to which the transmit unit is to selectively transmit the signal, a position in the receive zone being a function of a position of the transmit unit and a signal runtime; and transmit the signal. 26. A receive unit that is set up to receive a signal in locationally selective fashion, the receive unit configured to:
determine a transmit location within a transmit zone from which the receive unit is to selectively receive the signal, a position in the transmit zone being a function of a position of the receiver and a signal runtime; and during a receive time period, receive and demodulate a signal transmitted by the transmitter. 27. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium on which is stored a computer program for a locationally selective transmission of a signal by radio, the computer program, when executed by a computer, causing the computer to perform the following steps:
determining a receive location within a receive zone to which the transmitter is to selectively transmit the signal, a position in the receive zone being a function of a position of the transmitter and a signal runtime; and transmitting the signal; wherein the receiver situated in the receive zone receives and demodulates the signal. 28. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium on which is stored a computer program for a locationally selective reception of a signal by radio, the computer program, when executed by a computer, causing the computer to perform:
determining a transmit location within a transmit zone from which the receiver is to selectively receive the signal, a position in the transmit zone being a function of a position of the receiver and a signal runtime; and during a receive time period, receiving and demodulating a signal transmitted by the transmitter. 29. An electronic control device that is set up to transmit a signal in locationally selective fashion, the electronic control device configured to:
determine a receive location within a receive zone to which the transmit unit is to selectively transmit the signal, a position in the receive zone being a function of a position of the transmit unit and a signal runtime; and transmit the signal. | A method is described for the locationally selective transmission of a signal by radio. Both a transmitter and a receiver are synchronized to the same time reference. The receiver receiving and demodulating, at a time that is one of the specified times of the time reference, a signal transmitted by the transmitter, if the receiver has received the signal at a time that is one of the specified times. The method includes the transmitter determining a receive location within a receive zone to which it wishes to transmit the signal in selective fashion, a position in the receive zone being a function of a position of the transmitter and a signal runtime. The method also includes the transmitter transmitting the signal; and the receiver, which is situated inside the receive zone, receives and demodulates the signal.1-14. (canceled) 15. A method for a locationally selective transmission of a signal by radio, both a transmitter and a receiver being synchronized to the same time reference, and the receiver receiving and demodulating, at a time that is one of the specified times of the time reference, a signal transmitted by the transmitter, if the receiver has received the signal at a time that is one of the specified times, the method comprising the following steps:
determining, by the transmitter, a receive location within a receive zone to which the transmitter is to selectively transmit the signal, a position in the receive zone being a function of a position of the transmitter and a signal runtime; and transmitting, by the transmitter, the signal; wherein the receiver situated in the receive zone receives and demodulates the signal. 16. A method for a locationally selective reception of a signal by radio, both a transmitter and a receiver being synchronized to the same time reference, and the transmitter transmitting a signal at a time that is one of the specified times of the time reference, the method comprising the following steps:
determining, by the receiver, a transmit location within a transmit zone from which the receiver is to selectively receive the signal, a position in the transmit zone being a function of a position of the receiver and a signal runtime; and during a receive time period, receiving and demodulating, by the receiver, a signal transmitted by the transmitter. 17. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein a width of the receive zone being modified by the transmitter through a selection of a signal structure. 18. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the receive zone in annular. 19. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein a width of the receive zone is enlarged through an additional synchronization at the receiver. 20. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein the signal is transmitted by the transmitter in such a way that only one receiver, which is situated within the receive zone, can correctly demodulate the signal. 21. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein the transmitter uses a CAZAC function or a CAZAC sequence for the modulation of the radio signal and the receiver uses a corresponding demodulation. 22. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein the transmission and reception take place on a level of a physical layer. 23. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein the transmitter and the receiver are synchronized to the same time reference by the Global Positioning System. 24. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein the locationally selective transmission and/or reception is used in a geocasting system. 25. A transmit unit that is set up to transmit a signal in locationally selective fashion, the transmit unit configured to:
determine a receive location within a receive zone to which the transmit unit is to selectively transmit the signal, a position in the receive zone being a function of a position of the transmit unit and a signal runtime; and transmit the signal. 26. A receive unit that is set up to receive a signal in locationally selective fashion, the receive unit configured to:
determine a transmit location within a transmit zone from which the receive unit is to selectively receive the signal, a position in the transmit zone being a function of a position of the receiver and a signal runtime; and during a receive time period, receive and demodulate a signal transmitted by the transmitter. 27. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium on which is stored a computer program for a locationally selective transmission of a signal by radio, the computer program, when executed by a computer, causing the computer to perform the following steps:
determining a receive location within a receive zone to which the transmitter is to selectively transmit the signal, a position in the receive zone being a function of a position of the transmitter and a signal runtime; and transmitting the signal; wherein the receiver situated in the receive zone receives and demodulates the signal. 28. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium on which is stored a computer program for a locationally selective reception of a signal by radio, the computer program, when executed by a computer, causing the computer to perform:
determining a transmit location within a transmit zone from which the receiver is to selectively receive the signal, a position in the transmit zone being a function of a position of the receiver and a signal runtime; and during a receive time period, receiving and demodulating a signal transmitted by the transmitter. 29. An electronic control device that is set up to transmit a signal in locationally selective fashion, the electronic control device configured to:
determine a receive location within a receive zone to which the transmit unit is to selectively transmit the signal, a position in the receive zone being a function of a position of the transmit unit and a signal runtime; and transmit the signal. | 3,600 |
338,822 | 16,641,887 | 3,679 | A shift device for a vehicle includes: a shift body that is moved in a predetermined range in a first direction and in a second direction that is a direction opposite from the first direction, and whose shift position is changed; and a moving mechanism that has a moving member at which a first moving portion and a second moving portion are provided, the first moving portion moving the shift body in the first direction, and the second moving portion moving the shift body in the second direction, due to movement of the moving member. | 1. A shift device for a vehicle, comprising:
a shift body that is moved in a predetermined range in a first direction and in a second direction that is a direction opposite from the first direction, and whose shift position is changed; and a moving mechanism that has a moving member at which a first moving portion and a second moving portion are provided, the first moving portion moving the shift body in the first direction, and the second moving portion moving the shift body in the second direction, due to movement of the moving member. 2. The shift device for a vehicle of claim 1, comprising:
a first moved portion that is provided at the shift body, and that is moved in the first direction by the first moving portion; and a second moved portion that is provided at the shift body, and that is moved in the second direction by the second moving portion, wherein the first moving portion and the second moving portion, which are apart from one another, are disposed along the first direction and the second direction between the first moved portion and the second moved portion. 3. The shift device for a vehicle of claim 1, wherein, due to the moving member being disposed at a reference position in a case in which the moving member is not being moved, the shift body does not interfere with the first moving portion and the second moving portion in a case in which the shift body is moved in the predetermined range. 4. The shift device for a vehicle of claim 3, wherein the moving member is moved to the reference position between a case in which the first moving portion moves the shift body in the first direction, and a case in which the second moving portion moves the shift body in the second direction. 5. The shift device for a vehicle of of claim 1, comprising:
an urging member for urging the shift body; a first releasing portion that is provided at the moving member, and that, in a case in which the first moving portion moves the shift body in the first direction, releases urging of the shift body by the urging member; and a second releasing portion that is provided at the moving member, and that, in a case in which the second moving portion moves the shift body in the second direction, releases urging of the shift body by the urging member. 6. The shift device for a vehicle of claim 5, wherein, before the first moving portion moves the shift body in the first direction, the first releasing portion starts releasing of the urging of the shift body by the urging member, and, before the second moving portion moves the shift body in the second direction, the second releasing portion starts releasing of the urging of the shift body by the urging member. 7. The shift device for a vehicle of claim 5, wherein positions of the first moving portion and the second releasing portion overlap in a moving direction of the moving member, and positions of the second moving portion and the first releasing portion overlap in the moving direction of the moving member. | A shift device for a vehicle includes: a shift body that is moved in a predetermined range in a first direction and in a second direction that is a direction opposite from the first direction, and whose shift position is changed; and a moving mechanism that has a moving member at which a first moving portion and a second moving portion are provided, the first moving portion moving the shift body in the first direction, and the second moving portion moving the shift body in the second direction, due to movement of the moving member.1. A shift device for a vehicle, comprising:
a shift body that is moved in a predetermined range in a first direction and in a second direction that is a direction opposite from the first direction, and whose shift position is changed; and a moving mechanism that has a moving member at which a first moving portion and a second moving portion are provided, the first moving portion moving the shift body in the first direction, and the second moving portion moving the shift body in the second direction, due to movement of the moving member. 2. The shift device for a vehicle of claim 1, comprising:
a first moved portion that is provided at the shift body, and that is moved in the first direction by the first moving portion; and a second moved portion that is provided at the shift body, and that is moved in the second direction by the second moving portion, wherein the first moving portion and the second moving portion, which are apart from one another, are disposed along the first direction and the second direction between the first moved portion and the second moved portion. 3. The shift device for a vehicle of claim 1, wherein, due to the moving member being disposed at a reference position in a case in which the moving member is not being moved, the shift body does not interfere with the first moving portion and the second moving portion in a case in which the shift body is moved in the predetermined range. 4. The shift device for a vehicle of claim 3, wherein the moving member is moved to the reference position between a case in which the first moving portion moves the shift body in the first direction, and a case in which the second moving portion moves the shift body in the second direction. 5. The shift device for a vehicle of of claim 1, comprising:
an urging member for urging the shift body; a first releasing portion that is provided at the moving member, and that, in a case in which the first moving portion moves the shift body in the first direction, releases urging of the shift body by the urging member; and a second releasing portion that is provided at the moving member, and that, in a case in which the second moving portion moves the shift body in the second direction, releases urging of the shift body by the urging member. 6. The shift device for a vehicle of claim 5, wherein, before the first moving portion moves the shift body in the first direction, the first releasing portion starts releasing of the urging of the shift body by the urging member, and, before the second moving portion moves the shift body in the second direction, the second releasing portion starts releasing of the urging of the shift body by the urging member. 7. The shift device for a vehicle of claim 5, wherein positions of the first moving portion and the second releasing portion overlap in a moving direction of the moving member, and positions of the second moving portion and the first releasing portion overlap in the moving direction of the moving member. | 3,600 |
338,823 | 16,641,888 | 3,679 | Method for the production of a polyphenolic composition from barley malt, including the fundamental steps of: grinding of the malt grains and splitting into two portions, 20% and 80%; mixing each of the two portions with water to obtain an A mixture and a B mixture, the A mixture being prepared with the 20% portion to obtain a mixture of the malt in water at a final concentration between 9.5% and 20%, the B mixture being prepared with the 80% portion to obtain a mixture of the malt in water at a final concentration between 33% and 60%; thermal cycle; separation of the liquid component from the solid component; boiling of the liquid component and the addition of hops; rapid cooling of the wort; storage; in which said thermal cycle consists of a first phase and a second phase, in which the first phase applies to the 20% portion (Mixture A) and the second phase during which Mixture B is added to Mixture A. The relative polyphenolic composition obtained according to this method is characterized by the fact that it can be in liquid, powder, dry, and lyophilized form, its use and relative beverage or beer according to the present method not obtained with fermentation methods. | 1-12. (canceled) 13. A method for producing a polyphenolic composition, the method comprising:
1) grinding malt grains and splitting in two portions; 2) mixing each of the two portions with water to obtain a mixture A and a mixture B, wherein mixture A has a malt concentration from 9.5% to 20% by weight and mixture B has a malt concentration from 33% to 60% by weight; 3) thermal cycling in a first phase mixture A until the mixture boils; 4) following thermal cycling of mixture A, combining mixture A and mixture B; 5) thermal cycling in a second phase the combination of mixture A and mixture B wherein the thermal cycling in the second phase comprises staged heating with temperature increasing between 60° C. and 80° C.; 6) separating from the combination of mixture A and mixture B a liquid component and a solid component comprising spent grains; 7) adding hops to the liquid component to obtain a beer wort; 8) boiling the beer wort; and 9) cooling the beer wort until a temperature between 2° C. and 10° C. is reached to obtain the polyphenolic composition. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising aging the beer wort for at least 3 days. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising at least one of the following steps:
purifying the beer wort to remove impurities; adding a natural preservative to the beer wort; or pasteurizing the beer wort. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising washing the solid component comprising spent grains with water and mixing the wash obtained therefrom with the liquid component. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein separating from the combination of mixture A and mixture B the liquid component and the solid component comprising spent grains is performed at the final temperature reached in the second phase thermal cycling. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein yeast is not added during the process. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein mixture A contains 20% by weight of the malt grains and mixture B contains 80% by weight of the malt grains. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the first phase of the thermal cycling comprises heating for a period of 1-2 minutes until reaching a temperature of 71° C., preferably 66±5° C., more preferably 66° C.; a following pause holding the temperature for 20-30 minutes, preferably 20 minutes, followed by a raise in temperature for a duration of 10-20 minutes, preferably 15-16 minutes until the mixture is boiled; a following boiling pause for 10-25 minutes, followed by cooling for a duration of 10-18 minutes to a temperature between 45° C. and 55° C., preferably 12±2 minutes, more preferably 14 minutes. 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the second phase of the thermal cycling comprises holding temperature between 45° C. and 55° C. for 15-30 minutes, followed by a subsequent three stage heating with increasing temperatures between 60° C. and 80° C. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the three stage heating with increasing temperatures is conducted as follows:
the first heating stage at 63±5° C. is reached in 7-11 minutes and hold for about 37-42 minutes; the second heating stage at 72±5° C. is reached in 4-10 minutes and hold for about 37-42 minutes; and the third heating stage at 76±5° C. is reached in 3-10 minutes and hold for about 100-300 minutes. 23. The method according to claim 13, wherein beer wort contains up to 0.5% by weight of hops. 24. The method according to claim 13, wherein the boiling the beer wort comprises heating to the boiling point at 108° C. for about 60 minutes. 25. A polyphenolic composition comprising caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, m-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, sinapinic acid, epicatechin, protocatechuic acid, catechin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and vanillic acid. 26. The polyphenolic composition of claim 25, wherein the composition has the following weight ratios between polyphenolic components compared to caffeic acid set equal to 1: 27. The polyphenolic composition according to claim 25, wherein the composition is in a liquid, powdered, dried, or lyophilized form. 28. The polyphenolic composition according to claim 25, wherein the polyphenolic composition is for administration as food or beverage, as food supplement or drug, in solid form such as tablets, pills, hard capsules, powders, granules, suppository medicines, in semi-solid form such as gel, ointments, lubricants, pastes, in liquid form such as beverages, syrups, vials, drops, eye drops. 29. The polyphenolic composition according to claim 25, wherein the polyphenolic composition in is in liquid form, as a non-alcoholic functional drink, or powdered to be reconstituted in a liquid medium. 30. A method of treating a chronic and degenerative disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the polyphenolic composition of claim 25, wherein the chronic and degenerative disease comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, autoimmune, metabolic and tumoral diseases. 31. The method according to claim 30, wherein the subject is an animal or a human. 32. A beverage or beer not obtained by fermentative methods, comprising the polyphenolic composition of claim 25 and is free of ethyl alcohol and having a concentration of natural polyphenols greater than 250 mg/l. | Method for the production of a polyphenolic composition from barley malt, including the fundamental steps of: grinding of the malt grains and splitting into two portions, 20% and 80%; mixing each of the two portions with water to obtain an A mixture and a B mixture, the A mixture being prepared with the 20% portion to obtain a mixture of the malt in water at a final concentration between 9.5% and 20%, the B mixture being prepared with the 80% portion to obtain a mixture of the malt in water at a final concentration between 33% and 60%; thermal cycle; separation of the liquid component from the solid component; boiling of the liquid component and the addition of hops; rapid cooling of the wort; storage; in which said thermal cycle consists of a first phase and a second phase, in which the first phase applies to the 20% portion (Mixture A) and the second phase during which Mixture B is added to Mixture A. The relative polyphenolic composition obtained according to this method is characterized by the fact that it can be in liquid, powder, dry, and lyophilized form, its use and relative beverage or beer according to the present method not obtained with fermentation methods.1-12. (canceled) 13. A method for producing a polyphenolic composition, the method comprising:
1) grinding malt grains and splitting in two portions; 2) mixing each of the two portions with water to obtain a mixture A and a mixture B, wherein mixture A has a malt concentration from 9.5% to 20% by weight and mixture B has a malt concentration from 33% to 60% by weight; 3) thermal cycling in a first phase mixture A until the mixture boils; 4) following thermal cycling of mixture A, combining mixture A and mixture B; 5) thermal cycling in a second phase the combination of mixture A and mixture B wherein the thermal cycling in the second phase comprises staged heating with temperature increasing between 60° C. and 80° C.; 6) separating from the combination of mixture A and mixture B a liquid component and a solid component comprising spent grains; 7) adding hops to the liquid component to obtain a beer wort; 8) boiling the beer wort; and 9) cooling the beer wort until a temperature between 2° C. and 10° C. is reached to obtain the polyphenolic composition. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising aging the beer wort for at least 3 days. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising at least one of the following steps:
purifying the beer wort to remove impurities; adding a natural preservative to the beer wort; or pasteurizing the beer wort. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising washing the solid component comprising spent grains with water and mixing the wash obtained therefrom with the liquid component. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein separating from the combination of mixture A and mixture B the liquid component and the solid component comprising spent grains is performed at the final temperature reached in the second phase thermal cycling. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein yeast is not added during the process. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein mixture A contains 20% by weight of the malt grains and mixture B contains 80% by weight of the malt grains. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the first phase of the thermal cycling comprises heating for a period of 1-2 minutes until reaching a temperature of 71° C., preferably 66±5° C., more preferably 66° C.; a following pause holding the temperature for 20-30 minutes, preferably 20 minutes, followed by a raise in temperature for a duration of 10-20 minutes, preferably 15-16 minutes until the mixture is boiled; a following boiling pause for 10-25 minutes, followed by cooling for a duration of 10-18 minutes to a temperature between 45° C. and 55° C., preferably 12±2 minutes, more preferably 14 minutes. 21. The method of claim 13, wherein the second phase of the thermal cycling comprises holding temperature between 45° C. and 55° C. for 15-30 minutes, followed by a subsequent three stage heating with increasing temperatures between 60° C. and 80° C. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the three stage heating with increasing temperatures is conducted as follows:
the first heating stage at 63±5° C. is reached in 7-11 minutes and hold for about 37-42 minutes; the second heating stage at 72±5° C. is reached in 4-10 minutes and hold for about 37-42 minutes; and the third heating stage at 76±5° C. is reached in 3-10 minutes and hold for about 100-300 minutes. 23. The method according to claim 13, wherein beer wort contains up to 0.5% by weight of hops. 24. The method according to claim 13, wherein the boiling the beer wort comprises heating to the boiling point at 108° C. for about 60 minutes. 25. A polyphenolic composition comprising caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, m-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, sinapinic acid, epicatechin, protocatechuic acid, catechin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and vanillic acid. 26. The polyphenolic composition of claim 25, wherein the composition has the following weight ratios between polyphenolic components compared to caffeic acid set equal to 1: 27. The polyphenolic composition according to claim 25, wherein the composition is in a liquid, powdered, dried, or lyophilized form. 28. The polyphenolic composition according to claim 25, wherein the polyphenolic composition is for administration as food or beverage, as food supplement or drug, in solid form such as tablets, pills, hard capsules, powders, granules, suppository medicines, in semi-solid form such as gel, ointments, lubricants, pastes, in liquid form such as beverages, syrups, vials, drops, eye drops. 29. The polyphenolic composition according to claim 25, wherein the polyphenolic composition in is in liquid form, as a non-alcoholic functional drink, or powdered to be reconstituted in a liquid medium. 30. A method of treating a chronic and degenerative disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the polyphenolic composition of claim 25, wherein the chronic and degenerative disease comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, autoimmune, metabolic and tumoral diseases. 31. The method according to claim 30, wherein the subject is an animal or a human. 32. A beverage or beer not obtained by fermentative methods, comprising the polyphenolic composition of claim 25 and is free of ethyl alcohol and having a concentration of natural polyphenols greater than 250 mg/l. | 3,600 |
338,824 | 16,641,880 | 3,679 | A method for detecting an analyte according to the present invention includes: a first step of supplying a specimen to a detection device having a first ligand that is immobilized on a substrate and is capable of specifically binding to the analyte, the specimen being supplied onto the substrate of the detection device, and then causing the analyte included in the specimen to bind to the first ligand; a second step of supplying, onto the substrate, a second ligand that is labeled with a marker and is capable of specifically binding to the analyte, and then causing the second ligand to bind to the analyte bound to the first ligand; and a third step of measuring the second ligand bound to the analyte, wherein in the second step, carboxymethyl dextran is supplied onto the substrate. | 1. A method for detecting an analyte, the method comprising:
supplying a specimen to a detection device having a first ligand, the first ligand being immobilized on a substrate and capable of specifically binding to the analyte, the specimen being supplied onto the substrate of the detection device, and then causing the analyte included in the specimen to bind to the first ligand; supplying a second ligand onto the substrate, the second ligand being labeled with a marker and capable of specifically binding to the analyte, and then causing the second ligand to bind to the analyte bound to the first ligand; and measuring the second ligand bound to the analyte, wherein in the supplying the second ligand, carboxymethyl dextran is supplied onto the substrate. 2. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 1, wherein in the supplying the second ligand, carboxymethyl dextran is supplied onto the substrate at a concentration of 1 to 30 mg/mL. 3. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 1, wherein in the supplying the second ligand, carboxymethyl dextran is supplied onto the substrate together with the second ligand. 4. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 3, wherein in the supplying the second ligand, a second ligand-containing liquid containing the second ligand and carboxymethyl dextran is supplied onto the substrate. 5. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 1, wherein in the supplying the second ligand, the second ligand is supplied onto the substrate so as to cause the second ligand to bind to the analyte, and then carboxymethyl dextran is supplied thereonto. 6. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 5, wherein in the supplying the second ligand, after the second ligand is caused to bind to the analyte, carboxymethyl dextran is supplied in the form of being incorporated into a cleaning liquid for cleaning the substrate. 7. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 1, wherein the analyte is cardiac troponin I (cTnI) or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). 8. A kit for analyte detection, the kit being used for the method for detecting an analyte according to claim 1 and comprising a second ligand-containing liquid containing the second ligand and carboxymethyl dextran. 9. A kit for analyte detection, the kit being used for the method for detecting an analyte according to claim 1 and comprising a cleaning liquid for cleaning the substrate, the cleaning liquid containing carboxymethyl dextran. 10. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 2, wherein in the supplying the second ligand, carboxymethyl dextran is supplied onto the substrate together with the second ligand. 11. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 2, wherein in the supplying the second ligand, the second ligand is supplied onto the substrate so as to cause the second ligand to bind to the analyte, and then carboxymethyl dextran is supplied thereonto. 12. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 2, wherein the analyte is cardiac troponin I (cTnI) or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). 13. A kit for analyte detection, the kit being used for the method for detecting an analyte according to claim 2 and comprising a second ligand-containing liquid containing the second ligand and carboxymethyl dextran. 14. A kit for analyte detection, the kit being used for the method for detecting an analyte according to claim 2 and comprising a cleaning liquid for cleaning the substrate, the cleaning liquid containing carboxymethyl dextran. 15. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 3, wherein the analyte is cardiac troponin I (cTnI) or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). 16. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 4, wherein the analyte is cardiac troponin I (cTnI) or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). 17. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 5, wherein the analyte is cardiac troponin I (cTnI) or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). 18. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 6, wherein the analyte is cardiac troponin I (cTnI) or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). | A method for detecting an analyte according to the present invention includes: a first step of supplying a specimen to a detection device having a first ligand that is immobilized on a substrate and is capable of specifically binding to the analyte, the specimen being supplied onto the substrate of the detection device, and then causing the analyte included in the specimen to bind to the first ligand; a second step of supplying, onto the substrate, a second ligand that is labeled with a marker and is capable of specifically binding to the analyte, and then causing the second ligand to bind to the analyte bound to the first ligand; and a third step of measuring the second ligand bound to the analyte, wherein in the second step, carboxymethyl dextran is supplied onto the substrate.1. A method for detecting an analyte, the method comprising:
supplying a specimen to a detection device having a first ligand, the first ligand being immobilized on a substrate and capable of specifically binding to the analyte, the specimen being supplied onto the substrate of the detection device, and then causing the analyte included in the specimen to bind to the first ligand; supplying a second ligand onto the substrate, the second ligand being labeled with a marker and capable of specifically binding to the analyte, and then causing the second ligand to bind to the analyte bound to the first ligand; and measuring the second ligand bound to the analyte, wherein in the supplying the second ligand, carboxymethyl dextran is supplied onto the substrate. 2. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 1, wherein in the supplying the second ligand, carboxymethyl dextran is supplied onto the substrate at a concentration of 1 to 30 mg/mL. 3. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 1, wherein in the supplying the second ligand, carboxymethyl dextran is supplied onto the substrate together with the second ligand. 4. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 3, wherein in the supplying the second ligand, a second ligand-containing liquid containing the second ligand and carboxymethyl dextran is supplied onto the substrate. 5. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 1, wherein in the supplying the second ligand, the second ligand is supplied onto the substrate so as to cause the second ligand to bind to the analyte, and then carboxymethyl dextran is supplied thereonto. 6. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 5, wherein in the supplying the second ligand, after the second ligand is caused to bind to the analyte, carboxymethyl dextran is supplied in the form of being incorporated into a cleaning liquid for cleaning the substrate. 7. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 1, wherein the analyte is cardiac troponin I (cTnI) or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). 8. A kit for analyte detection, the kit being used for the method for detecting an analyte according to claim 1 and comprising a second ligand-containing liquid containing the second ligand and carboxymethyl dextran. 9. A kit for analyte detection, the kit being used for the method for detecting an analyte according to claim 1 and comprising a cleaning liquid for cleaning the substrate, the cleaning liquid containing carboxymethyl dextran. 10. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 2, wherein in the supplying the second ligand, carboxymethyl dextran is supplied onto the substrate together with the second ligand. 11. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 2, wherein in the supplying the second ligand, the second ligand is supplied onto the substrate so as to cause the second ligand to bind to the analyte, and then carboxymethyl dextran is supplied thereonto. 12. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 2, wherein the analyte is cardiac troponin I (cTnI) or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). 13. A kit for analyte detection, the kit being used for the method for detecting an analyte according to claim 2 and comprising a second ligand-containing liquid containing the second ligand and carboxymethyl dextran. 14. A kit for analyte detection, the kit being used for the method for detecting an analyte according to claim 2 and comprising a cleaning liquid for cleaning the substrate, the cleaning liquid containing carboxymethyl dextran. 15. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 3, wherein the analyte is cardiac troponin I (cTnI) or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). 16. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 4, wherein the analyte is cardiac troponin I (cTnI) or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). 17. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 5, wherein the analyte is cardiac troponin I (cTnI) or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). 18. The method for detecting an analyte according to claim 6, wherein the analyte is cardiac troponin I (cTnI) or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). | 3,600 |
338,825 | 16,641,885 | 3,679 | A method and apparatus for pasteurizing and drying cannabis plant materials using a microwave-vacuum chamber. The pasteurizing and drying are carried out with no use of ionizing radiation and with rapid drying. Pasteurization is done at a temperature and for a time period that are sufficient to reduce microorganisms to an acceptably low level, while not significantly reducing the psychoactive compounds in the material. In the process, the pressure inside a vacuum chamber is reduced to a first pressure less than atmospheric. The material is maintained in the vacuum chamber at the first pressure at a pasteurizing temperature while irradiating the material with microwave radiation. The pressure is then reduced to a second pressure lower than the first pressure and the material is maintained in the vacuum chamber at the second pressure for a time period at a dehydrating temperature lower than the pasteurizing temperature while irradiating the material with microwave radiation. The pasteurizing and dehydrating steps can be done in the reverse order. | 1. A method of pasteurizing and dehydrating cannabis plant material, comprising the steps of:
(a) loading the cannabis plant material into a vacuum chamber; (b) reducing pressure inside the vacuum chamber to a first pressure less than atmospheric; (c) maintaining the cannabis plant material in the vacuum chamber at the first pressure for a first time period at a pasteurizing temperature while irradiating the cannabis plant material with microwave radiation; (d) reducing the pressure in the vacuum chamber after step (c) to a second pressure lower than the first pressure; (e) maintaining the cannabis plant material in the vacuum chamber at the second pressure for a second time period at a dehydrating temperature lower than the pasteurizing temperature while irradiating the cannabis plant material with microwave radiation to dehydrate it; and (f) unloading the pasteurized and dehydrated cannabis plant material from the vacuum chamber. 2. A method of pasteurizing and dehydrating cannabis plant material, comprising the steps of:
(a) reducing pressure inside a first vacuum chamber to a first pressure less than atmospheric; (b) loading the cannabis plant material into the first vacuum chamber; (c) maintaining the cannabis plant material in the first vacuum chamber at the first pressure for a first time period at a pasteurizing temperature while irradiating the cannabis plant material with microwave radiation; (d) unloading the pasteurized cannabis plant material from the first vacuum chamber; (e) reducing pressure in a second vacuum chamber to a second pressure lower than the first pressure; (f) loading the pasteurized cannabis plant material into the second vacuum chamber; (g) maintaining the pasteurized cannabis plant material in the second vacuum chamber at the second pressure for a second time period at a dehydrating temperature lower than the pasteurizing temperature while irradiating the pasteurized cannabis plant material with microwave radiation to dehydrate it; and (h) unloading the pasteurized and dehydrated cannabis plant material from the second vacuum chamber. 3-4. (canceled) 5. A method according to claim 2, wherein the first pressure is in the range of 150 to 400 Torr. 6. (canceled) 7. A method according to claim 2, wherein the first time period is in the range of 3 to 12 minutes. 8-9. (canceled) 10. A method according to claim 2, wherein the pasteurizing temperature is in the range of 60 to 95° C. 11-12. (canceled) 13. A method according to claim 2, wherein the second pressure is in the range of 10 to 60 Torr. 14-15. (canceled) 16. A method according to claim 2, wherein the second time period is in the range of 20 to 30 minutes. 17-20. (canceled) 21. A method according to claim 2, wherein the method reduces bacterial numbers to a total plate count≤50,000 cfu/g, total yeast and mold≤500 cfu/g, and BTGN<100 cfu/g. 22-28. (canceled) 29. A method according to claim 2, wherein the method reduces terpene content of the cannabis plant material by not more than 35%. 30. A method according to claim 2, wherein the method reduces desired cannabinoid content of the cannabis plant material by not more than 5%. 31-34. (canceled) 35. A method of dehydrating and pasteurizing cannabis plant material, comprising the steps of:
(a) loading the cannabis plant material into a vacuum chamber; (b) reducing pressure inside the vacuum chamber to a first pressure less than atmospheric; (c) maintaining the cannabis plant material in the vacuum chamber at the first pressure for a first time period at a dehydrating temperature while irradiating the cannabis plant material with microwave radiation to dehydrate it; (d) increasing the pressure in the vacuum chamber after step (c) to a second pressure higher than the first pressure; (e) maintaining the cannabis plant material in the vacuum chamber at the second pressure for a second time period at a pasteurizing temperature higher than the dehydrating temperature while irradiating the cannabis plant material with microwave radiation; and (f) unloading the dehydrated and pasteurized cannabis plant material from the vacuum chamber. 36. A method of dehydrating and pasteurizing cannabis plant material, comprising the steps of:
(a) reducing pressure inside a first vacuum chamber to a first pressure less than atmospheric; (b) loading the cannabis plant material into the first vacuum chamber; (c) maintaining the cannabis plant material in the first vacuum chamber at the first pressure for a first time period at a dehydrating temperature while irradiating the cannabis plant material with microwave radiation to dehydrate it; (d) unloading the dehydrated cannabis plant material from the first vacuum chamber; (e) reducing pressure in a second vacuum chamber to a second pressure higher than the first pressure; (f) loading the dehydrated cannabis plant material into the second vacuum chamber; (g) maintaining the dehydrated cannabis plant material in the second vacuum chamber at the second pressure for a second time period at a pasteurizing temperature higher than the dehydrating temperature while irradiating the dehydrated cannabis plant material with microwave radiation; and (h) unloading the dehydrated and pasteurized cannabis plant material from the second vacuum chamber. 37-38. (canceled) 39. A method according to claim 36, wherein the second pressure is in the range of 150 to 400 Torr. 40. (canceled) 41. A method according to claim 36, wherein the second time period is in the range of 3 to 12 minutes. 42-43. (canceled) 44. A method according to claim 36, wherein the pasteurizing temperature is in the range of 60 to 95° C. 45-46. (canceled) 47. A method according to claim 36, wherein the first pressure is in the range of 10 to 60 Torr. 48-49. (canceled) 50. A method according to claim 36, wherein the first time period is in the range of 20 to 30 minutes. 51-62. (canceled) 63. A method according to claim 36, wherein the method reduces terpene content of the cannabis plant material by not more than 35%. 64. A method according to claim 36, wherein the method reduces desired cannabinoid content of the cannabis plant material by not more than 5%. 65-68. (canceled) 69. An apparatus for pasteurizing and drying an organic material, comprising:
(a) a first microwave-vacuum unit, comprising:
(i) a first vacuum chamber having an input end for introduction of the organic material and an output end for removal of the organic material;
(ii) a first conveyor for conveying the organic material from the input end to the output end;
(iii) a first microwave source arranged to irradiate microwave energy into the first vacuum chamber;
(iv) a first vacuum source for reducing pressure inside the first vacuum chamber to a first pressure below atmospheric;
(b) a second microwave-vacuum unit downstream of the first microwave-vacuum unit, comprising:
(i) a second vacuum chamber having an input end for introduction of the organic material and an output end for removal of the organic material;
(ii) a second conveyor for conveying the organic material from the input end to the output end;
(iii) a second microwave source arranged to irradiate microwave energy into the second vacuum chamber;
(iv) a second vacuum source for reducing pressure inside the second vacuum chamber to a second pressure different from the first pressure; and
(c) a conveyor for transferring the organic material from the output end of the first vacuum chamber to the input end of the second vacuum chamber. 70-71. (canceled) 72. An apparatus according to claim 69, wherein the first pressure is higher than the second pressure. 73. An apparatus according to claim 69, wherein the first pressure is lower than the second pressure. 74. (canceled) | A method and apparatus for pasteurizing and drying cannabis plant materials using a microwave-vacuum chamber. The pasteurizing and drying are carried out with no use of ionizing radiation and with rapid drying. Pasteurization is done at a temperature and for a time period that are sufficient to reduce microorganisms to an acceptably low level, while not significantly reducing the psychoactive compounds in the material. In the process, the pressure inside a vacuum chamber is reduced to a first pressure less than atmospheric. The material is maintained in the vacuum chamber at the first pressure at a pasteurizing temperature while irradiating the material with microwave radiation. The pressure is then reduced to a second pressure lower than the first pressure and the material is maintained in the vacuum chamber at the second pressure for a time period at a dehydrating temperature lower than the pasteurizing temperature while irradiating the material with microwave radiation. The pasteurizing and dehydrating steps can be done in the reverse order.1. A method of pasteurizing and dehydrating cannabis plant material, comprising the steps of:
(a) loading the cannabis plant material into a vacuum chamber; (b) reducing pressure inside the vacuum chamber to a first pressure less than atmospheric; (c) maintaining the cannabis plant material in the vacuum chamber at the first pressure for a first time period at a pasteurizing temperature while irradiating the cannabis plant material with microwave radiation; (d) reducing the pressure in the vacuum chamber after step (c) to a second pressure lower than the first pressure; (e) maintaining the cannabis plant material in the vacuum chamber at the second pressure for a second time period at a dehydrating temperature lower than the pasteurizing temperature while irradiating the cannabis plant material with microwave radiation to dehydrate it; and (f) unloading the pasteurized and dehydrated cannabis plant material from the vacuum chamber. 2. A method of pasteurizing and dehydrating cannabis plant material, comprising the steps of:
(a) reducing pressure inside a first vacuum chamber to a first pressure less than atmospheric; (b) loading the cannabis plant material into the first vacuum chamber; (c) maintaining the cannabis plant material in the first vacuum chamber at the first pressure for a first time period at a pasteurizing temperature while irradiating the cannabis plant material with microwave radiation; (d) unloading the pasteurized cannabis plant material from the first vacuum chamber; (e) reducing pressure in a second vacuum chamber to a second pressure lower than the first pressure; (f) loading the pasteurized cannabis plant material into the second vacuum chamber; (g) maintaining the pasteurized cannabis plant material in the second vacuum chamber at the second pressure for a second time period at a dehydrating temperature lower than the pasteurizing temperature while irradiating the pasteurized cannabis plant material with microwave radiation to dehydrate it; and (h) unloading the pasteurized and dehydrated cannabis plant material from the second vacuum chamber. 3-4. (canceled) 5. A method according to claim 2, wherein the first pressure is in the range of 150 to 400 Torr. 6. (canceled) 7. A method according to claim 2, wherein the first time period is in the range of 3 to 12 minutes. 8-9. (canceled) 10. A method according to claim 2, wherein the pasteurizing temperature is in the range of 60 to 95° C. 11-12. (canceled) 13. A method according to claim 2, wherein the second pressure is in the range of 10 to 60 Torr. 14-15. (canceled) 16. A method according to claim 2, wherein the second time period is in the range of 20 to 30 minutes. 17-20. (canceled) 21. A method according to claim 2, wherein the method reduces bacterial numbers to a total plate count≤50,000 cfu/g, total yeast and mold≤500 cfu/g, and BTGN<100 cfu/g. 22-28. (canceled) 29. A method according to claim 2, wherein the method reduces terpene content of the cannabis plant material by not more than 35%. 30. A method according to claim 2, wherein the method reduces desired cannabinoid content of the cannabis plant material by not more than 5%. 31-34. (canceled) 35. A method of dehydrating and pasteurizing cannabis plant material, comprising the steps of:
(a) loading the cannabis plant material into a vacuum chamber; (b) reducing pressure inside the vacuum chamber to a first pressure less than atmospheric; (c) maintaining the cannabis plant material in the vacuum chamber at the first pressure for a first time period at a dehydrating temperature while irradiating the cannabis plant material with microwave radiation to dehydrate it; (d) increasing the pressure in the vacuum chamber after step (c) to a second pressure higher than the first pressure; (e) maintaining the cannabis plant material in the vacuum chamber at the second pressure for a second time period at a pasteurizing temperature higher than the dehydrating temperature while irradiating the cannabis plant material with microwave radiation; and (f) unloading the dehydrated and pasteurized cannabis plant material from the vacuum chamber. 36. A method of dehydrating and pasteurizing cannabis plant material, comprising the steps of:
(a) reducing pressure inside a first vacuum chamber to a first pressure less than atmospheric; (b) loading the cannabis plant material into the first vacuum chamber; (c) maintaining the cannabis plant material in the first vacuum chamber at the first pressure for a first time period at a dehydrating temperature while irradiating the cannabis plant material with microwave radiation to dehydrate it; (d) unloading the dehydrated cannabis plant material from the first vacuum chamber; (e) reducing pressure in a second vacuum chamber to a second pressure higher than the first pressure; (f) loading the dehydrated cannabis plant material into the second vacuum chamber; (g) maintaining the dehydrated cannabis plant material in the second vacuum chamber at the second pressure for a second time period at a pasteurizing temperature higher than the dehydrating temperature while irradiating the dehydrated cannabis plant material with microwave radiation; and (h) unloading the dehydrated and pasteurized cannabis plant material from the second vacuum chamber. 37-38. (canceled) 39. A method according to claim 36, wherein the second pressure is in the range of 150 to 400 Torr. 40. (canceled) 41. A method according to claim 36, wherein the second time period is in the range of 3 to 12 minutes. 42-43. (canceled) 44. A method according to claim 36, wherein the pasteurizing temperature is in the range of 60 to 95° C. 45-46. (canceled) 47. A method according to claim 36, wherein the first pressure is in the range of 10 to 60 Torr. 48-49. (canceled) 50. A method according to claim 36, wherein the first time period is in the range of 20 to 30 minutes. 51-62. (canceled) 63. A method according to claim 36, wherein the method reduces terpene content of the cannabis plant material by not more than 35%. 64. A method according to claim 36, wherein the method reduces desired cannabinoid content of the cannabis plant material by not more than 5%. 65-68. (canceled) 69. An apparatus for pasteurizing and drying an organic material, comprising:
(a) a first microwave-vacuum unit, comprising:
(i) a first vacuum chamber having an input end for introduction of the organic material and an output end for removal of the organic material;
(ii) a first conveyor for conveying the organic material from the input end to the output end;
(iii) a first microwave source arranged to irradiate microwave energy into the first vacuum chamber;
(iv) a first vacuum source for reducing pressure inside the first vacuum chamber to a first pressure below atmospheric;
(b) a second microwave-vacuum unit downstream of the first microwave-vacuum unit, comprising:
(i) a second vacuum chamber having an input end for introduction of the organic material and an output end for removal of the organic material;
(ii) a second conveyor for conveying the organic material from the input end to the output end;
(iii) a second microwave source arranged to irradiate microwave energy into the second vacuum chamber;
(iv) a second vacuum source for reducing pressure inside the second vacuum chamber to a second pressure different from the first pressure; and
(c) a conveyor for transferring the organic material from the output end of the first vacuum chamber to the input end of the second vacuum chamber. 70-71. (canceled) 72. An apparatus according to claim 69, wherein the first pressure is higher than the second pressure. 73. An apparatus according to claim 69, wherein the first pressure is lower than the second pressure. 74. (canceled) | 3,600 |
338,826 | 16,641,902 | 3,679 | Techniques involve cleaning a polymer melt, which allow volatile foreign substances and solid foreign substances to be removed from the polymer melt. Such techniques involve a filter element and a vacuum of a vacuum chamber. The polymer melt is fed through the filter element into the vacuum of the vacuum chamber, The filter element binds the solid foreign substances and the vacuum chamber takes up the volatile foreign substances. | 1. A method for cleaning a polymer melt, in which volatile foreign substances and solid foreign substances are removed from the polymer melt, wherein the polymer melt is pressed through a filter element into a vacuum of a vacuum chamber, wherein the solid foreign substances are taken up by the filter element and wherein the volatile foreign substances are collected in the vacuum chamber. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymer melt is guided within the vacuum chamber at an outlet face of the filter element. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volatile foreign substances are discharged from the vacuum chamber through a degassing opening. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum in the vacuum chamber is adjusted to a low pressure in the range from 0.5 mbar to 50 mbar. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymer melt is collected in a sump of the vacuum chamber formed beneath the filter element and is discharged through a melt outlet. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymer melt is introduced via a melt inlet into a pressure space delimited by the filter element with an excess pressure. 7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the polymer melt is filtered with a filter fineness of the filter element in the range of from 40 μm to 1000 μm. 8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the polymer melt is introduced into the pressure space with an excess pressure in the range from 10 bar to 100 bar. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymer melt is heated to a temperature above 200° C. before it is cleaned. 10. A device for cleaning a polymer melt, with which volatile foreign substances and solid foreign substances can be removed from the polymer melt, the device comprising:
a filter element and a vacuum of a vacuum chamber, wherein the polymer melt can be guided through the filter element into the vacuum of the vacuum chamber, wherein the filter element binds the solid foreign substances, and wherein the vacuum chamber receives the volatile foreign substances. 11. The device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the filter element comprises at least one filter candle or a filter plate which is held in the vacuum chamber at least in a projecting manner. 12. The device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the vacuum chamber is connected via a degassing opening to a collecting container and a vacuum pump. 13. The device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the vacuum in the vacuum chamber can be generated by the vacuum pump at a low pressure in the range from 0.5 mbar to 50 mbar. 14. The device as claimed in claim 10, wherein a sump is formed beneath the filter element in a bottom region of the vacuum chamber, which sump is connected to an melt outlet in a chamber housing. 15. The device as claimed in claim 14, wherein the chamber housing has a melt inlet which opens into a pressure space delimited by the filter element. 16. The device as claimed in 10, wherein the filter element has a filter fineness in the range from 40 μm to 1000 μm. 17. The device as claimed in claim 15, wherein the melt inlet can be connected to a pressure source by means of which the polymer melt can be introduced into the pressure space with an excess pressure in the range from 10 bar to 100 bar. 18. The device as claimed in claim 10, wherein a heating device for controlling the temperature of the chamber housing is provided. | Techniques involve cleaning a polymer melt, which allow volatile foreign substances and solid foreign substances to be removed from the polymer melt. Such techniques involve a filter element and a vacuum of a vacuum chamber. The polymer melt is fed through the filter element into the vacuum of the vacuum chamber, The filter element binds the solid foreign substances and the vacuum chamber takes up the volatile foreign substances.1. A method for cleaning a polymer melt, in which volatile foreign substances and solid foreign substances are removed from the polymer melt, wherein the polymer melt is pressed through a filter element into a vacuum of a vacuum chamber, wherein the solid foreign substances are taken up by the filter element and wherein the volatile foreign substances are collected in the vacuum chamber. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymer melt is guided within the vacuum chamber at an outlet face of the filter element. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volatile foreign substances are discharged from the vacuum chamber through a degassing opening. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum in the vacuum chamber is adjusted to a low pressure in the range from 0.5 mbar to 50 mbar. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymer melt is collected in a sump of the vacuum chamber formed beneath the filter element and is discharged through a melt outlet. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymer melt is introduced via a melt inlet into a pressure space delimited by the filter element with an excess pressure. 7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the polymer melt is filtered with a filter fineness of the filter element in the range of from 40 μm to 1000 μm. 8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the polymer melt is introduced into the pressure space with an excess pressure in the range from 10 bar to 100 bar. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymer melt is heated to a temperature above 200° C. before it is cleaned. 10. A device for cleaning a polymer melt, with which volatile foreign substances and solid foreign substances can be removed from the polymer melt, the device comprising:
a filter element and a vacuum of a vacuum chamber, wherein the polymer melt can be guided through the filter element into the vacuum of the vacuum chamber, wherein the filter element binds the solid foreign substances, and wherein the vacuum chamber receives the volatile foreign substances. 11. The device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the filter element comprises at least one filter candle or a filter plate which is held in the vacuum chamber at least in a projecting manner. 12. The device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the vacuum chamber is connected via a degassing opening to a collecting container and a vacuum pump. 13. The device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the vacuum in the vacuum chamber can be generated by the vacuum pump at a low pressure in the range from 0.5 mbar to 50 mbar. 14. The device as claimed in claim 10, wherein a sump is formed beneath the filter element in a bottom region of the vacuum chamber, which sump is connected to an melt outlet in a chamber housing. 15. The device as claimed in claim 14, wherein the chamber housing has a melt inlet which opens into a pressure space delimited by the filter element. 16. The device as claimed in 10, wherein the filter element has a filter fineness in the range from 40 μm to 1000 μm. 17. The device as claimed in claim 15, wherein the melt inlet can be connected to a pressure source by means of which the polymer melt can be introduced into the pressure space with an excess pressure in the range from 10 bar to 100 bar. 18. The device as claimed in claim 10, wherein a heating device for controlling the temperature of the chamber housing is provided. | 3,600 |
338,827 | 16,641,878 | 3,679 | A plasma etching method using a Faraday cage, comprising: providing a Faraday cage having a mesh portion on an upper surface thereof in a plasma etching apparatus; providing a quartz substrate having a metal mask with an opening provided on one surface of the metal mask in the Faraday cage; and patterning the quartz substrate with plasma etching. | 1. A plasma etching method using a Faraday cage, comprising:
providing a Faraday cage having a mesh portion on an upper surface thereof in a plasma etching apparatus; providing a quartz substrate having a metal mask with an opening provided on one surface of the metal mask in the Faraday cage; and patterning the quartz substrate with plasma etching, wherein a bottom surface of the Faraday cage includes a metal having a lower ionization tendency than the metal mask. 2. The plasma etching method of claim 1, wherein the metal of the bottom surface of the Faraday cage includes a metal whose standard reduction potential is higher than a standard reduction potential of the metal mask by 1 V or more. 3. The plasma etching method of claim 1, wherein the patterning includes adjusting an output of the plasma etching apparatus to 0.75 kW to 4 kW. 4. The plasma etching method using a Faraday cage of claim 1, wherein the patterning includes supplying a mixed gas containing a reactive gas and oxygen gas to the plasma etching apparatus at a flow rate of 10 sccm to 75 sccm. 5. The plasma etching method of claim 4, wherein flow rate of the oxygen gas is 1% to 20% of a total flow rate of the mixed gas. 6. The plasma etching method of claim 1, wherein the metal mask includes at least one of aluminum and chromium and the bottom surface of the Faraday cage includes copper. 7. The plasma etching method of claim 1, wherein the mesh portion has a sheet resistance of 0.5 Ω/□ or more. 8. The plasma etching method of claim 7, wherein the mesh portion comprises carbon fluoride radicals adsorbed on a metal mesh. 9. The plasma etching method of claim 1, further comprising:
verifying a high-etched region in the Faraday cage by providing a sample substrate on the bottom surface of the Faraday cage and performing plane plasma etching of the sample substrate; and preparing an inclined support having an inclined surface and locating a lower region of the inclined surface at the high-etched region of the Faraday cage, wherein the quartz substrate is provided on the inclined surface of the inclined support. 10. The plasma etching method of claim 9, wherein, during patterning, an etching rate in a first area decreases from an upper region to a lower region of the inclined surface and the etching rate in a second area is inverted and increased. 11. The plasma etching method of claim 9, wherein during patterning, a first inclined pattern portion is formed at a first side of the quartz substrate and a second inclined pattern portion is formed at a second side of the quartz substrate at the same time,
wherein the first inclined pattern portion includes a first inclined groove pattern having a first depth gradient, and wherein the second inclined pattern portion includes a second inclined groove pattern having a second depth gradient of 0 nm to 50 nm. 12. The plasma etching method cage of claim 9, wherein a difference between an upper etch rate at an uppermost portion of the inclined surface and a lower etch rate at a lowermost portion of the inclined surface is 30% or less. 13. The plasma etching method of claim 10, wherein the first inclined pattern portion is formed in the first region or the second region. 14. The plasma etching method of claim 9, wherein the inclined support includes a metal having a standard reduction potential equal to or more than the standard reduction potential of the metal mask. 15. The plasma etching method of claim 1, wherein a height of a needle-shaped structure in the bottom surface of the etching portion of the patterned quartz substrate is 50 nm or less. 16. The plasma etching method of claim 1, wherein the patterned quartz substrate is a mold substrate for a diffraction grating light guide plate. | A plasma etching method using a Faraday cage, comprising: providing a Faraday cage having a mesh portion on an upper surface thereof in a plasma etching apparatus; providing a quartz substrate having a metal mask with an opening provided on one surface of the metal mask in the Faraday cage; and patterning the quartz substrate with plasma etching.1. A plasma etching method using a Faraday cage, comprising:
providing a Faraday cage having a mesh portion on an upper surface thereof in a plasma etching apparatus; providing a quartz substrate having a metal mask with an opening provided on one surface of the metal mask in the Faraday cage; and patterning the quartz substrate with plasma etching, wherein a bottom surface of the Faraday cage includes a metal having a lower ionization tendency than the metal mask. 2. The plasma etching method of claim 1, wherein the metal of the bottom surface of the Faraday cage includes a metal whose standard reduction potential is higher than a standard reduction potential of the metal mask by 1 V or more. 3. The plasma etching method of claim 1, wherein the patterning includes adjusting an output of the plasma etching apparatus to 0.75 kW to 4 kW. 4. The plasma etching method using a Faraday cage of claim 1, wherein the patterning includes supplying a mixed gas containing a reactive gas and oxygen gas to the plasma etching apparatus at a flow rate of 10 sccm to 75 sccm. 5. The plasma etching method of claim 4, wherein flow rate of the oxygen gas is 1% to 20% of a total flow rate of the mixed gas. 6. The plasma etching method of claim 1, wherein the metal mask includes at least one of aluminum and chromium and the bottom surface of the Faraday cage includes copper. 7. The plasma etching method of claim 1, wherein the mesh portion has a sheet resistance of 0.5 Ω/□ or more. 8. The plasma etching method of claim 7, wherein the mesh portion comprises carbon fluoride radicals adsorbed on a metal mesh. 9. The plasma etching method of claim 1, further comprising:
verifying a high-etched region in the Faraday cage by providing a sample substrate on the bottom surface of the Faraday cage and performing plane plasma etching of the sample substrate; and preparing an inclined support having an inclined surface and locating a lower region of the inclined surface at the high-etched region of the Faraday cage, wherein the quartz substrate is provided on the inclined surface of the inclined support. 10. The plasma etching method of claim 9, wherein, during patterning, an etching rate in a first area decreases from an upper region to a lower region of the inclined surface and the etching rate in a second area is inverted and increased. 11. The plasma etching method of claim 9, wherein during patterning, a first inclined pattern portion is formed at a first side of the quartz substrate and a second inclined pattern portion is formed at a second side of the quartz substrate at the same time,
wherein the first inclined pattern portion includes a first inclined groove pattern having a first depth gradient, and wherein the second inclined pattern portion includes a second inclined groove pattern having a second depth gradient of 0 nm to 50 nm. 12. The plasma etching method cage of claim 9, wherein a difference between an upper etch rate at an uppermost portion of the inclined surface and a lower etch rate at a lowermost portion of the inclined surface is 30% or less. 13. The plasma etching method of claim 10, wherein the first inclined pattern portion is formed in the first region or the second region. 14. The plasma etching method of claim 9, wherein the inclined support includes a metal having a standard reduction potential equal to or more than the standard reduction potential of the metal mask. 15. The plasma etching method of claim 1, wherein a height of a needle-shaped structure in the bottom surface of the etching portion of the patterned quartz substrate is 50 nm or less. 16. The plasma etching method of claim 1, wherein the patterned quartz substrate is a mold substrate for a diffraction grating light guide plate. | 3,600 |
338,828 | 16,641,884 | 3,679 | Systems and networks are disclosed in which node addresses are requested by and/or assigned to components communicatively coupled to a communications network. The node addresses may be used by the components to transmit and receive data and other information with other components communicatively coupled to the communications network. Additional information regarding such components, such as, for example, location information for each communicatively coupled component may be maintained. Such information may be used to maintain the status of the communications network and may include physical location information, which may be determined based on data obtained from sensing components (e.g., imagers). | 1-2. (canceled) 3. The system of claim 7 wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the at least one processor to cause the component to perform the detectable controllable action. 4. The system of claim 3 wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to cause the component to produce at least one of a manifestation, a signal, and an indication as the detectable controllable action. 5. The system of claim 3 wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to cause the component to at least one of activate or deactivate a light, produce an output of a display screen, generate an aural output, generate a tactile output, open or close a door, or change in temperature. 6. (canceled) 7. A system to operate with a plurality of components which are selectively positionable in respective spaces, the system comprising:
at least one sensor positioned to monitor one or more components when the one or more components are positioned in the respective spaces; at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one sensor to receive signals therefrom; at least one processor-readable medium communicatively coupled to the at least one processor and that stores processor-executable instructions, the processor-executable instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: for each of a number of the components, in response to a detection of a detectable controllable action from one of the components, store a relationship between a physical location of the space in which the respective component is positioned and a node address via which the respective component is addressed on a communications network, the communications network including one or more nodes that are communicatively coupleable to respective ones of the plurality of components wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to query the components for the respective node addresses and the node addresses are randomly generated at the components, and the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to check for collisions between the randomly generated node addresses received from the components, and in response to detection of a collision between at least two of the received node addresses, to cause a random generation of at least one new node address. 8. A system to operate with a plurality of components which are selectively positionable in respective spaces, the system comprising:
at least one sensor positioned to monitor one or more components when the one or more components are positioned in the respective spaces; at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one sensor to receive signals therefrom; at least one processor-readable medium communicatively coupled to the at least one processor and that stores processor-executable instructions, the processor-executable instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: for each of a number of the components, in response to a detection of a detectable controllable action from one of the components, store a relationship between a physical location of the space in which the respective component is positioned and a node address via which the respective component is addressed on a communications network, the communications network including one or more nodes that are communicatively coupleable to respective ones of the plurality of components wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to query the components for the respective node addresses and the node addresses are randomly generated at the components, and the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to check for collisions between the randomly generated node addresses received from the components, and in response to detection of a collision between at least two of the received node addresses, to cause a random generation of new node addresses for each of the components. 9. The system of claim 8 wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to rebroadcast the query to all nodes on the communications network in order to cause the random generation of at least one new node address. 10. The system of claim 7 wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to broadcast the query to all nodes on the communications network. 11-22. (canceled) 23. The method of claim 27, further comprising: causing the at least one processor to transmit signals that cause the component to perform the detectable controllable action. 24. The method of claim 23 wherein the component is caused to produce at least one of a manifestation, a signal, or an indication as the detectable controllable action. 25. The method of claim 23 wherein the component is caused to at least one of activate or deactivate a light, produce an output of a display screen, generate an aural output, generate a tactile output, open or close a door, or change a temperature. 26. (canceled) 27. A method of operating a system with a plurality of components which are selectively positionable in respective spaces, the method comprising:
monitoring via data received from at least one sensor one or more components positioned in the respective spaces; detecting a detectable controllable action from one of the components; in response to detecting the detectable controllable action from one of the components, storing a relationship between a physical location of the respective space in which the respective component is positioned and a node address via which the respective component is addressed on a communications network, the communications network including one or more nodes that are communicatively coupleable to respective ones of the plurality of components; querying the components for the respective node addresses, wherein the node addresses are randomly generated at the components; and checking for collisions between the randomly generated node addresses received from the components, and in response to detecting a collision between at least two of the received node addresses, causing a random generation of at least one new node address. 28. A method of operating a system with a plurality of components which are selectively positionable in respective spaces, the method comprising:
monitoring via data received from at least one sensor one or more components positioned in the respective spaces; detecting a detectable controllable action from one of the components; in response to detecting the detectable controllable action from one of the components, storing a relationship between a physical location of the respective space in which the respective component is positioned and a node address via which the respective component is addressed on a communications network, the communications network including one or more nodes that are communicatively coupleable to respective ones of the plurality of components; querying the components for the respective node addresses, wherein the node addresses are randomly generated at the components; and checking for collisions between the randomly generated node addresses received from the components, and in response to detecting a collision between at least two of the received node addresses, causing a random generation of new node addresses for each of the components. 29. The method of claim 28, further comprising: rebroadcasting the query to all nodes on the communications network in order to cause the random generation of at least one new node address. 30. The method of claim 27 wherein querying further comprises broadcasting the query to all nodes on the communications network. 31-40. (canceled) 41. The system of claim 8 wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to broadcast the query to all nodes on the communications network. 42. The system of claim 8 wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the at least one processor to cause the component to perform the detectable controllable action. 43. The system of claim 8 wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to cause the component to produce at least one of a manifestation, a signal, and an indication as the detectable controllable action. 44. The system of claim 8 wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to cause the component to at least one of activate or deactivate a light, produce an output of a display screen, generate an aural output, generate a tactile output, open or close a door, or change in temperature. 45. The method of claim 28, further comprising: causing the at least one processor to transmit signals that cause the component to perform the detectable controllable action. 46. The method of claim 28 wherein the component is caused to produce at least one of a manifestation, a signal, or an indication as the detectable controllable action. 47. The method of claim 28 wherein the component is caused to at least one of activate or deactivate a light, produce an output of a display screen, generate an aural output, generate a tactile output, open or close a door, or change a temperature. 48. The method of claim 28 wherein querying further comprises broadcasting the query to all nodes on the communications network. | Systems and networks are disclosed in which node addresses are requested by and/or assigned to components communicatively coupled to a communications network. The node addresses may be used by the components to transmit and receive data and other information with other components communicatively coupled to the communications network. Additional information regarding such components, such as, for example, location information for each communicatively coupled component may be maintained. Such information may be used to maintain the status of the communications network and may include physical location information, which may be determined based on data obtained from sensing components (e.g., imagers).1-2. (canceled) 3. The system of claim 7 wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the at least one processor to cause the component to perform the detectable controllable action. 4. The system of claim 3 wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to cause the component to produce at least one of a manifestation, a signal, and an indication as the detectable controllable action. 5. The system of claim 3 wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to cause the component to at least one of activate or deactivate a light, produce an output of a display screen, generate an aural output, generate a tactile output, open or close a door, or change in temperature. 6. (canceled) 7. A system to operate with a plurality of components which are selectively positionable in respective spaces, the system comprising:
at least one sensor positioned to monitor one or more components when the one or more components are positioned in the respective spaces; at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one sensor to receive signals therefrom; at least one processor-readable medium communicatively coupled to the at least one processor and that stores processor-executable instructions, the processor-executable instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: for each of a number of the components, in response to a detection of a detectable controllable action from one of the components, store a relationship between a physical location of the space in which the respective component is positioned and a node address via which the respective component is addressed on a communications network, the communications network including one or more nodes that are communicatively coupleable to respective ones of the plurality of components wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to query the components for the respective node addresses and the node addresses are randomly generated at the components, and the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to check for collisions between the randomly generated node addresses received from the components, and in response to detection of a collision between at least two of the received node addresses, to cause a random generation of at least one new node address. 8. A system to operate with a plurality of components which are selectively positionable in respective spaces, the system comprising:
at least one sensor positioned to monitor one or more components when the one or more components are positioned in the respective spaces; at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one sensor to receive signals therefrom; at least one processor-readable medium communicatively coupled to the at least one processor and that stores processor-executable instructions, the processor-executable instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: for each of a number of the components, in response to a detection of a detectable controllable action from one of the components, store a relationship between a physical location of the space in which the respective component is positioned and a node address via which the respective component is addressed on a communications network, the communications network including one or more nodes that are communicatively coupleable to respective ones of the plurality of components wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to query the components for the respective node addresses and the node addresses are randomly generated at the components, and the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to check for collisions between the randomly generated node addresses received from the components, and in response to detection of a collision between at least two of the received node addresses, to cause a random generation of new node addresses for each of the components. 9. The system of claim 8 wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to rebroadcast the query to all nodes on the communications network in order to cause the random generation of at least one new node address. 10. The system of claim 7 wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to broadcast the query to all nodes on the communications network. 11-22. (canceled) 23. The method of claim 27, further comprising: causing the at least one processor to transmit signals that cause the component to perform the detectable controllable action. 24. The method of claim 23 wherein the component is caused to produce at least one of a manifestation, a signal, or an indication as the detectable controllable action. 25. The method of claim 23 wherein the component is caused to at least one of activate or deactivate a light, produce an output of a display screen, generate an aural output, generate a tactile output, open or close a door, or change a temperature. 26. (canceled) 27. A method of operating a system with a plurality of components which are selectively positionable in respective spaces, the method comprising:
monitoring via data received from at least one sensor one or more components positioned in the respective spaces; detecting a detectable controllable action from one of the components; in response to detecting the detectable controllable action from one of the components, storing a relationship between a physical location of the respective space in which the respective component is positioned and a node address via which the respective component is addressed on a communications network, the communications network including one or more nodes that are communicatively coupleable to respective ones of the plurality of components; querying the components for the respective node addresses, wherein the node addresses are randomly generated at the components; and checking for collisions between the randomly generated node addresses received from the components, and in response to detecting a collision between at least two of the received node addresses, causing a random generation of at least one new node address. 28. A method of operating a system with a plurality of components which are selectively positionable in respective spaces, the method comprising:
monitoring via data received from at least one sensor one or more components positioned in the respective spaces; detecting a detectable controllable action from one of the components; in response to detecting the detectable controllable action from one of the components, storing a relationship between a physical location of the respective space in which the respective component is positioned and a node address via which the respective component is addressed on a communications network, the communications network including one or more nodes that are communicatively coupleable to respective ones of the plurality of components; querying the components for the respective node addresses, wherein the node addresses are randomly generated at the components; and checking for collisions between the randomly generated node addresses received from the components, and in response to detecting a collision between at least two of the received node addresses, causing a random generation of new node addresses for each of the components. 29. The method of claim 28, further comprising: rebroadcasting the query to all nodes on the communications network in order to cause the random generation of at least one new node address. 30. The method of claim 27 wherein querying further comprises broadcasting the query to all nodes on the communications network. 31-40. (canceled) 41. The system of claim 8 wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to broadcast the query to all nodes on the communications network. 42. The system of claim 8 wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the at least one processor to cause the component to perform the detectable controllable action. 43. The system of claim 8 wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to cause the component to produce at least one of a manifestation, a signal, and an indication as the detectable controllable action. 44. The system of claim 8 wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to cause the component to at least one of activate or deactivate a light, produce an output of a display screen, generate an aural output, generate a tactile output, open or close a door, or change in temperature. 45. The method of claim 28, further comprising: causing the at least one processor to transmit signals that cause the component to perform the detectable controllable action. 46. The method of claim 28 wherein the component is caused to produce at least one of a manifestation, a signal, or an indication as the detectable controllable action. 47. The method of claim 28 wherein the component is caused to at least one of activate or deactivate a light, produce an output of a display screen, generate an aural output, generate a tactile output, open or close a door, or change a temperature. 48. The method of claim 28 wherein querying further comprises broadcasting the query to all nodes on the communications network. | 3,600 |
338,829 | 16,641,886 | 3,679 | The present disclosure provides a display panel and a display device. The display panel is provided with a plurality of sub-pixels, the display panel including: a first substrate and a second substrate opposite to each other, and multistable liquid crystals between the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein, each of the sub-pixels is provided with a first electrode and a second electrode to generate an electric field for the multistable liquid crystals, and the multistable liquid crystals have different optical properties under different electric fields and after an electric field disappears, the multistable liquid crystals can maintain the same optical properties as the electric field exists. The present disclosure also provides a display device, including: the above mentioned display panel. | 1. A display panel, comprising a plurality of sub-pixels, wherein
the display panel comprises a first substrate and a second substrate which are opposite to each other, and multistable liquid crystals arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate; and each of the plurality of sub-pixels is provided with a first electrode and a second electrode which are configured to generate an electric field for the multistable liquid crystals, and the multistable liquid crystals have different optical properties under different electric fields and after an electric field disappears, the multistable liquid crystals are able to maintain the same optical properties as the electric field exists. 2. The display panel of claim 1, wherein,
the first electrode is arranged on a side of the first substrate proximal to the second substrate; the second electrode is arranged on a side of the second substrate proximal to the first substrate, and the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged opposite to each other. 3. The display panel of claim 2, wherein,
the first electrodes in the plurality of sub-pixels are coupled together as a single piece to form a common electrode and the second electrodes in the plurality of sub-pixels are separate electrodes; or, the second electrodes in the plurality of sub-pixels are coupled together as a single piece to form a common electrode and the first electrodes in the plurality of sub-pixels are separate electrodes. 4. The display panel of claim 3, further comprising an insulating layer disposed between the separate electrodes and a corresponding substrate on which the separate electrodes are located. 5. The display panel of claim 2, further comprising a light-reflecting layer disposed on a side of the multistable liquid crystals distal to an light incident side of the display panel. 6. The display panel of claim 5, wherein,
the first substrate is closer to the light incident side than the second substrate; and the light-reflecting layer is arranged between the second substrate and the second electrodes. 7. The display panel of claim 6, wherein,
the plurality of sub-pixels comprise sub-pixels of different colors, each sub-pixel is provided with a corresponding color filter, and the color filter is arranged closer to the light incident side than the light-reflecting layer; and the color filter is arranged on a side of the first substrate proximal to the second substrate; or, the color filter is arranged on a side of the second substrate proximal to the first substrate. 8. The display panel of claim 1, wherein the multistable liquid crystals have different light transmittances under different electric fields. 9. A display device, comprising:
the display panel as claimed in claim 1; a driver, configured to apply driving voltages to the first electrode and the second electrode to form an electric field; and a controller, coupled to the driver and configured to determine whether to issue a control instruction to the driver according to whether there is a change in a display content of the sub-pixel, wherein the control instruction is configured to control the driver to stop applying the driving voltages to the first electrode and the second electrode in the sub-pixel of which the display content is not changed. 10. The display device of claim 9, further comprising a data provider configured to provide a display data describing what picture to be displayed; wherein the controller is configured to determine whether there is a change in the display content of the sub-pixels based on the display data. 11. The display device of claim 10, wherein the data provider is configured to provide a new display data only when there is a change in the display content, and the controller is configured to determine whether there is a change in the display content by determining whether the new display data is received. 12. The display device of claim 11, wherein, in response to no change in the display content of the sub-pixel, the controller is configured to issue a control instruction to the driver, the control instruction is configured to control the driver to stop applying the driving voltages to at least the first electrode and the second electrode in the sub-pixel of which the display content is not changed; in response to a change in the display content of the sub-pixel, the controller is configured not to issue the control instruction to the driver, and the driver is configured to maintain applying the driving voltages to the first electrode and the second electrode. 13. The display device of claim 12, wherein the controller is configured to issue a control instruction to the driver to stop operation only when the display contents of all the plurality of sub-pixels are unchanged. 14. The display device of claim 13, wherein after the driver has stopped operation, the controller is configured to control the driver to resume operation in response to a change in the display content of at least part of the sub-pixels. 15. The display device of claim 9, wherein,
under a first electric field provided by the driver, molecules of the multistable liquid crystals are regularly arranged to allow light to enter the display panel and then be emitted from the display panel, under a second electric field provided by the driver which is different from the first electric field, molecules of the multistable liquid crystals are irregularly arranged, so that light is reflected within the display panel and then is absorbed and cannot be emitted. 16. The display device of claim 15, wherein under a third electric field provided by the driver which is between the first electric field and the second electric field, light enters the display panel, and one part of the light is emitted from the display panel and the other part of the light cannot be emitted. 17. The display device of claim 9, wherein,
the first electrode is arranged on a side of the first substrate proximal to the second substrate; the second electrode is arranged on a side of the second substrate proximal to the first substrate, and the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged opposite to each other. 18. The display device of claim 17, wherein, the display panel further comprises a light-reflecting layer disposed on a side of the multistable liquid crystals distal to an light incident side of the display panel. 19. The display device of claim 18, wherein,
the first substrate is closer to the light incident side than the second substrate; and the light-reflecting layer is arranged between the second substrate and the second electrodes. 20. The display device of claim 19, wherein,
the plurality of sub-pixels comprise sub-pixels of different colors, each sub-pixel is provided with a corresponding color filter, and the color filter is arranged closer to the light incident side than the light-reflecting layer; and the color filter is arranged on a side of the first substrate proximal to the second substrate; or, the color filter is arranged on a side of the second substrate proximal to the first substrate. | The present disclosure provides a display panel and a display device. The display panel is provided with a plurality of sub-pixels, the display panel including: a first substrate and a second substrate opposite to each other, and multistable liquid crystals between the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein, each of the sub-pixels is provided with a first electrode and a second electrode to generate an electric field for the multistable liquid crystals, and the multistable liquid crystals have different optical properties under different electric fields and after an electric field disappears, the multistable liquid crystals can maintain the same optical properties as the electric field exists. The present disclosure also provides a display device, including: the above mentioned display panel.1. A display panel, comprising a plurality of sub-pixels, wherein
the display panel comprises a first substrate and a second substrate which are opposite to each other, and multistable liquid crystals arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate; and each of the plurality of sub-pixels is provided with a first electrode and a second electrode which are configured to generate an electric field for the multistable liquid crystals, and the multistable liquid crystals have different optical properties under different electric fields and after an electric field disappears, the multistable liquid crystals are able to maintain the same optical properties as the electric field exists. 2. The display panel of claim 1, wherein,
the first electrode is arranged on a side of the first substrate proximal to the second substrate; the second electrode is arranged on a side of the second substrate proximal to the first substrate, and the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged opposite to each other. 3. The display panel of claim 2, wherein,
the first electrodes in the plurality of sub-pixels are coupled together as a single piece to form a common electrode and the second electrodes in the plurality of sub-pixels are separate electrodes; or, the second electrodes in the plurality of sub-pixels are coupled together as a single piece to form a common electrode and the first electrodes in the plurality of sub-pixels are separate electrodes. 4. The display panel of claim 3, further comprising an insulating layer disposed between the separate electrodes and a corresponding substrate on which the separate electrodes are located. 5. The display panel of claim 2, further comprising a light-reflecting layer disposed on a side of the multistable liquid crystals distal to an light incident side of the display panel. 6. The display panel of claim 5, wherein,
the first substrate is closer to the light incident side than the second substrate; and the light-reflecting layer is arranged between the second substrate and the second electrodes. 7. The display panel of claim 6, wherein,
the plurality of sub-pixels comprise sub-pixels of different colors, each sub-pixel is provided with a corresponding color filter, and the color filter is arranged closer to the light incident side than the light-reflecting layer; and the color filter is arranged on a side of the first substrate proximal to the second substrate; or, the color filter is arranged on a side of the second substrate proximal to the first substrate. 8. The display panel of claim 1, wherein the multistable liquid crystals have different light transmittances under different electric fields. 9. A display device, comprising:
the display panel as claimed in claim 1; a driver, configured to apply driving voltages to the first electrode and the second electrode to form an electric field; and a controller, coupled to the driver and configured to determine whether to issue a control instruction to the driver according to whether there is a change in a display content of the sub-pixel, wherein the control instruction is configured to control the driver to stop applying the driving voltages to the first electrode and the second electrode in the sub-pixel of which the display content is not changed. 10. The display device of claim 9, further comprising a data provider configured to provide a display data describing what picture to be displayed; wherein the controller is configured to determine whether there is a change in the display content of the sub-pixels based on the display data. 11. The display device of claim 10, wherein the data provider is configured to provide a new display data only when there is a change in the display content, and the controller is configured to determine whether there is a change in the display content by determining whether the new display data is received. 12. The display device of claim 11, wherein, in response to no change in the display content of the sub-pixel, the controller is configured to issue a control instruction to the driver, the control instruction is configured to control the driver to stop applying the driving voltages to at least the first electrode and the second electrode in the sub-pixel of which the display content is not changed; in response to a change in the display content of the sub-pixel, the controller is configured not to issue the control instruction to the driver, and the driver is configured to maintain applying the driving voltages to the first electrode and the second electrode. 13. The display device of claim 12, wherein the controller is configured to issue a control instruction to the driver to stop operation only when the display contents of all the plurality of sub-pixels are unchanged. 14. The display device of claim 13, wherein after the driver has stopped operation, the controller is configured to control the driver to resume operation in response to a change in the display content of at least part of the sub-pixels. 15. The display device of claim 9, wherein,
under a first electric field provided by the driver, molecules of the multistable liquid crystals are regularly arranged to allow light to enter the display panel and then be emitted from the display panel, under a second electric field provided by the driver which is different from the first electric field, molecules of the multistable liquid crystals are irregularly arranged, so that light is reflected within the display panel and then is absorbed and cannot be emitted. 16. The display device of claim 15, wherein under a third electric field provided by the driver which is between the first electric field and the second electric field, light enters the display panel, and one part of the light is emitted from the display panel and the other part of the light cannot be emitted. 17. The display device of claim 9, wherein,
the first electrode is arranged on a side of the first substrate proximal to the second substrate; the second electrode is arranged on a side of the second substrate proximal to the first substrate, and the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged opposite to each other. 18. The display device of claim 17, wherein, the display panel further comprises a light-reflecting layer disposed on a side of the multistable liquid crystals distal to an light incident side of the display panel. 19. The display device of claim 18, wherein,
the first substrate is closer to the light incident side than the second substrate; and the light-reflecting layer is arranged between the second substrate and the second electrodes. 20. The display device of claim 19, wherein,
the plurality of sub-pixels comprise sub-pixels of different colors, each sub-pixel is provided with a corresponding color filter, and the color filter is arranged closer to the light incident side than the light-reflecting layer; and the color filter is arranged on a side of the first substrate proximal to the second substrate; or, the color filter is arranged on a side of the second substrate proximal to the first substrate. | 3,600 |
338,830 | 16,641,883 | 3,679 | An assembly comprises a sealed drug reservoir unit, a subcutaneous flow conducting device in the form of a needle unit or an infusion set, and a flow communication unit. The flow communication unit comprises a proximal hollow needle adapted to penetrate a needle-penetrable septum of the reservoir, a first flow-way inflow communication with the proximal needle and comprising a pressure-controlled valve, a second flow-way in flow communication with the first flow-way, an amount of preservative arranged to react with a substance received by the second flow-way, and distal flow communication means adapted to provide flow communication between the second flow-way and the needle unit. A combined flow way can be established between the reservoir and the needle unit via the first and second flow-ways when the units are connected. The valve is controlled to open when the reservoir is pressurized, the preservative being provided to react with substances introduced to the second flow way via the needle unit. | 1. An assembly comprising (a) a cartridge with a drug-filled interior, (b) a flow conducting device, and (c) a flow communication unit adapted to provide flow communication between the cartridge and the flow conducting device,
(a) the drug-filled cartridge comprising:
an outlet sealed by a needle-penetrable septum,
(b) the flow conducting device comprising:
a hollow tubular structure with a skin-piercing distal end, and
a proximal flow inlet,
(c) the flow communication unit comprising:
a proximal hollow needle adapted to penetrate the needle-penetrable septum,
a first flow way in flow communication with the proximal needle and comprising pressure-controlled valve structure,
a second flow way in flow communication with the first flow way,
an amount of preservative arranged to react with a substance received by the second flow way, and
distal flow communication structure adapted to provide flow communication between the second flow way and the flow conducting device flow inlet,
whereby:
a combined flow way can be established between the cartridge interior and the expelling needle via the proximal needle and the first and second flow ways when the cartridge, the flow communication unit and the flow conducting device are connected to each other,
the valve structure is controlled to open when the cartridge interior is pressurized,
and
the preservative can react with a substance introduced to the second flow way via the expelling needle. 2. An assembly as in claim 1, wherein the flow conducting device is a needle unit, wherein the hollow tubular structure is a hollow expelling needle with a skin-piercing distal end. 3. An assembly as in claim 2, wherein the flow communication unit comprises:
a tubular conduit comprising a distal portion with an open end, the tubular conduit forming the second flow way, and a preservative unit comprising an amount of preservative and having a first axial position in which the hollow conduit distal portion is embedded in preservative, and a second axial position in which the hollow conduit distal portion protrudes distally from the preservative unit, 4. An assembly as in claim 3, wherein the preservative unit comprises a reservoir with an amount of fluid preservative. 5. An assembly as in claim 4, wherein the reservoir comprises a needle-penetrable septum portion adapted to be penetrated by the hollow conduit distal portion when the preservative unit is moved from the first to the second position. 6. An assembly as in claim 2, wherein the preservative unit comprises biasing means structure moving the preservative unit from the second to the first position when the needle unit is disconnected from the flow communication unit. 7. An assembly as in claim 2, wherein:
the needle unit comprises a tubular conduit comprising a proximal portion with an open end forming the proximal flow inlet, and the second flow way is adapted to receive the tubular conduit proximal portion when the needle unit is connected to the flow communication unit. 8. An assembly as in claim 7, wherein:
the second flow way is in the form of a conduit comprising an amount of fluid preservative, the conduit being closed by a septum adapted to be penetrated by the tubular conduit proximal portion when the needle unit is connected to the flow communication unit. 9. An assembly as in claim 8, wherein the flow communication unit comprises:
a reservoir with an amount of fluid preservative, a preservative flow communication between the conduit and the reservoir, 10. An assembly as in claim 9, wherein:
the flow communication unit septum is flexible and can be moved axially from an initial distal position to a proximal operational position to thereby close the preservative flow communication when the needle unit is connected to the flow communication unit. 11. A flow communication unit comprising:
a proximal hollow needle adapted to penetrate a needle-penetrable septum, a first flow way in flow communication with the proximal needle and comprising pressure-controlled valve structure, a second flow way in flow communication with the first flow way, an amount of preservative arranged to react with a substance received by the second flow way, and distal flow communication structure adapted to provide flow communication between the second flow way and a flow conducting device flow inlet, 12. A flow communication unit as in claim 11, wherein the flow conducting device flow inlet is a needle unit flow inlet. 13. A flow communication unit as in claim 12, further comprising:
a tubular conduit comprising a distal portion with an open end, the tubular conduit forming the second flow way, and a preservative unit comprising an amount of preservative and having a first axial position in which the hollow conduit distal portion is embedded in preservative, and a second axial position in which the hollow conduit distal portion protrudes distally from the preservative unit. 14. A flow communication unit as in claim 13, wherein the preservative unit comprises a reservoir with an amount of fluid preservative, the reservoir comprising a needle-penetrable septum portion adapted to be penetrated by the hollow conduit distal portion when the preservative unit is moved from the first to the second position. 15. A flow communication unit as in claim 14, wherein the second flow way is in the form of a conduit comprising an amount of fluid preservative, the conduit being sealed by a needle-penetrable septum. | An assembly comprises a sealed drug reservoir unit, a subcutaneous flow conducting device in the form of a needle unit or an infusion set, and a flow communication unit. The flow communication unit comprises a proximal hollow needle adapted to penetrate a needle-penetrable septum of the reservoir, a first flow-way inflow communication with the proximal needle and comprising a pressure-controlled valve, a second flow-way in flow communication with the first flow-way, an amount of preservative arranged to react with a substance received by the second flow-way, and distal flow communication means adapted to provide flow communication between the second flow-way and the needle unit. A combined flow way can be established between the reservoir and the needle unit via the first and second flow-ways when the units are connected. The valve is controlled to open when the reservoir is pressurized, the preservative being provided to react with substances introduced to the second flow way via the needle unit.1. An assembly comprising (a) a cartridge with a drug-filled interior, (b) a flow conducting device, and (c) a flow communication unit adapted to provide flow communication between the cartridge and the flow conducting device,
(a) the drug-filled cartridge comprising:
an outlet sealed by a needle-penetrable septum,
(b) the flow conducting device comprising:
a hollow tubular structure with a skin-piercing distal end, and
a proximal flow inlet,
(c) the flow communication unit comprising:
a proximal hollow needle adapted to penetrate the needle-penetrable septum,
a first flow way in flow communication with the proximal needle and comprising pressure-controlled valve structure,
a second flow way in flow communication with the first flow way,
an amount of preservative arranged to react with a substance received by the second flow way, and
distal flow communication structure adapted to provide flow communication between the second flow way and the flow conducting device flow inlet,
whereby:
a combined flow way can be established between the cartridge interior and the expelling needle via the proximal needle and the first and second flow ways when the cartridge, the flow communication unit and the flow conducting device are connected to each other,
the valve structure is controlled to open when the cartridge interior is pressurized,
and
the preservative can react with a substance introduced to the second flow way via the expelling needle. 2. An assembly as in claim 1, wherein the flow conducting device is a needle unit, wherein the hollow tubular structure is a hollow expelling needle with a skin-piercing distal end. 3. An assembly as in claim 2, wherein the flow communication unit comprises:
a tubular conduit comprising a distal portion with an open end, the tubular conduit forming the second flow way, and a preservative unit comprising an amount of preservative and having a first axial position in which the hollow conduit distal portion is embedded in preservative, and a second axial position in which the hollow conduit distal portion protrudes distally from the preservative unit, 4. An assembly as in claim 3, wherein the preservative unit comprises a reservoir with an amount of fluid preservative. 5. An assembly as in claim 4, wherein the reservoir comprises a needle-penetrable septum portion adapted to be penetrated by the hollow conduit distal portion when the preservative unit is moved from the first to the second position. 6. An assembly as in claim 2, wherein the preservative unit comprises biasing means structure moving the preservative unit from the second to the first position when the needle unit is disconnected from the flow communication unit. 7. An assembly as in claim 2, wherein:
the needle unit comprises a tubular conduit comprising a proximal portion with an open end forming the proximal flow inlet, and the second flow way is adapted to receive the tubular conduit proximal portion when the needle unit is connected to the flow communication unit. 8. An assembly as in claim 7, wherein:
the second flow way is in the form of a conduit comprising an amount of fluid preservative, the conduit being closed by a septum adapted to be penetrated by the tubular conduit proximal portion when the needle unit is connected to the flow communication unit. 9. An assembly as in claim 8, wherein the flow communication unit comprises:
a reservoir with an amount of fluid preservative, a preservative flow communication between the conduit and the reservoir, 10. An assembly as in claim 9, wherein:
the flow communication unit septum is flexible and can be moved axially from an initial distal position to a proximal operational position to thereby close the preservative flow communication when the needle unit is connected to the flow communication unit. 11. A flow communication unit comprising:
a proximal hollow needle adapted to penetrate a needle-penetrable septum, a first flow way in flow communication with the proximal needle and comprising pressure-controlled valve structure, a second flow way in flow communication with the first flow way, an amount of preservative arranged to react with a substance received by the second flow way, and distal flow communication structure adapted to provide flow communication between the second flow way and a flow conducting device flow inlet, 12. A flow communication unit as in claim 11, wherein the flow conducting device flow inlet is a needle unit flow inlet. 13. A flow communication unit as in claim 12, further comprising:
a tubular conduit comprising a distal portion with an open end, the tubular conduit forming the second flow way, and a preservative unit comprising an amount of preservative and having a first axial position in which the hollow conduit distal portion is embedded in preservative, and a second axial position in which the hollow conduit distal portion protrudes distally from the preservative unit. 14. A flow communication unit as in claim 13, wherein the preservative unit comprises a reservoir with an amount of fluid preservative, the reservoir comprising a needle-penetrable septum portion adapted to be penetrated by the hollow conduit distal portion when the preservative unit is moved from the first to the second position. 15. A flow communication unit as in claim 14, wherein the second flow way is in the form of a conduit comprising an amount of fluid preservative, the conduit being sealed by a needle-penetrable septum. | 3,600 |
338,831 | 16,641,871 | 3,679 | A method for producing an inositol derivative includes a step of reacting inositol and dextrin in the presence of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase to generate an inositol derivative in which a sugar is bonded to the inositol, and to obtain a solution containing the inositol derivative and the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase; and a step of removing the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase in the solution using an ultrafiltration membrane, in which a deactivation treatment of the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase in the solution is not performed. | 1. A method for producing an inositol derivative, comprising:
a step of reacting inositol and dextrin in the presence of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase to generate an inositol derivative in which a sugar is bonded to the inositol, and to obtain a solution containing the inositol derivative and the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase; and a step of removing the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase in the solution using an ultrafiltration membrane, wherein a deactivation treatment of the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase in the solution is not performed. 2. The method for producing an inositol derivative according to claim 1, wherein a molecular weight cut-off of the ultrafiltration membrane is 1,000 to 100,000. 3. The method for producing an inositol derivative according to claim 1, wherein the removal of the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase using the ultrafiltration membrane is performed under a temperature condition of 0° C. to 60° C. 4. The method for producing an inositol derivative according to claim 1, wherein the removal of the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase using the ultrafiltration membrane is performed by cross-flow ultrafiltration. 5. The method for producing an inositol derivative according to claim 1, wherein the reaction of reacting the inositol with the dextrin is performed under a condition in which a temperature is 20° C. to 80° C. and a pH is 3 to 9. 6. The method for producing an inositol derivative according to claim 1, wherein the dextrin is β-cyclodextrin. 7. The method for producing an inositol derivative according to claim 1, wherein the inositol is myo-inositol. | A method for producing an inositol derivative includes a step of reacting inositol and dextrin in the presence of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase to generate an inositol derivative in which a sugar is bonded to the inositol, and to obtain a solution containing the inositol derivative and the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase; and a step of removing the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase in the solution using an ultrafiltration membrane, in which a deactivation treatment of the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase in the solution is not performed.1. A method for producing an inositol derivative, comprising:
a step of reacting inositol and dextrin in the presence of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase to generate an inositol derivative in which a sugar is bonded to the inositol, and to obtain a solution containing the inositol derivative and the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase; and a step of removing the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase in the solution using an ultrafiltration membrane, wherein a deactivation treatment of the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase in the solution is not performed. 2. The method for producing an inositol derivative according to claim 1, wherein a molecular weight cut-off of the ultrafiltration membrane is 1,000 to 100,000. 3. The method for producing an inositol derivative according to claim 1, wherein the removal of the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase using the ultrafiltration membrane is performed under a temperature condition of 0° C. to 60° C. 4. The method for producing an inositol derivative according to claim 1, wherein the removal of the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase using the ultrafiltration membrane is performed by cross-flow ultrafiltration. 5. The method for producing an inositol derivative according to claim 1, wherein the reaction of reacting the inositol with the dextrin is performed under a condition in which a temperature is 20° C. to 80° C. and a pH is 3 to 9. 6. The method for producing an inositol derivative according to claim 1, wherein the dextrin is β-cyclodextrin. 7. The method for producing an inositol derivative according to claim 1, wherein the inositol is myo-inositol. | 3,600 |
338,832 | 16,641,867 | 3,679 | A pressure booster having arranged therein drive cylinders on both sides of a boosting cylinder is provided with a pair of pilot valves that are actuated when pistons of the drive cylinders abut against the moving ends thereof. A pair of actuation valves switch the supply state of a pressure fluid to pressure chambers of the drive cylinders. When the pilot valves are actuated, the pressure fluid passes through the pilot valves and is supplied to the pair of actuation valves, and the supply state of the pressure fluid is switched. | 1. A pressure booster including a booster cylinder and drive cylinders disposed respectively on both sides of the booster cylinder, comprising:
a pair of pilot valves each configured to be actuated when a piston of the corresponding drive cylinder is in abutment with the pilot valve at a moving end of the piston; and a pair of operating valves each configured to switch a state of supply of pressurized fluid from a pressurized fluid supply source, between pressure chambers of the drive cylinders, wherein: when each of the pilot valves is actuated, the pressurized fluid is supplied to the pair of operating valves through the corresponding pilot valve to thereby switch the state of supply of the pressurized fluid. 2. The pressure booster according to claim 1, wherein each of the operating valves switches between a state in which the pressurized fluid is supplied to the pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder and pressurized fluid in a back pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder is discharged, and a state in which part of the pressurized fluid in the pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder is collected in the back pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder. 3. The pressure booster according to claim 2, wherein:
each of the pilot valves includes a push rod configured to protrude to an inside of the back pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder by a biasing force of a spring; and the piston of the corresponding drive cylinder comes into abutment with the push rod at the moving end. 4. The pressure booster according to claim 3, wherein a silencer is provided in a channel through which the pressurized fluid in each of the back pressure chambers of the drive cylinders is discharged. 5. The pressure booster according to claim 3, wherein:
each of the push rods includes a piston portion; a space on a first side of the piston portion is exposed to an atmosphere while a space on a second side of the piston portion is connected to a pilot channel for switching the states of the pair of operating valves; and when the piston of each of the drive cylinders is not in abutment with the push rod, the space on the first side and the space on the second side communicate with each other via a hole formed inside the push rod. 6. The pressure booster according to claim 5, wherein:
each of the pilot valves includes a valve element with which the corresponding push rod is abuttable; and when the piston of each of the drive cylinders comes into abutment with the push rod and then brings the push rod into abutment with the valve element, the space on the second side is connected to the pressurized fluid supply source and is sealed from the hole formed inside the push rod. 7. The pressure booster according to claim 5, wherein:
each of the push rods is slidably disposed inside a valve seat and a valve seat retainer; a first end face of the valve seat retainer faces the back pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder while a second end face thereof is in abutment with the valve seat; and the space on the first side includes a groove formed on the second end face of the valve seat retainer. 8. A pressure booster including a booster cylinder and drive cylinders disposed respectively on both sides of the booster cylinder, comprising:
a pair of pilot valves each configured to be actuated when a piston of the corresponding drive cylinder is in abutment with the pilot valve at a moving end of the piston; and a pair of operating valves each configured to switch a state of supply of pressurized fluid from a pressurized fluid supply source, between pressure chambers of the drive cylinders, wherein: when each of the pilot valves is actuated, pressurized fluid from the booster cylinder is supplied to the pair of operating valves through the corresponding pilot valve to thereby switch the state of supply of the pressurized fluid. 9. The pressure booster according to claim 8, wherein
each of the operating valves switches between a state in which the pressurized fluid from the pressurized fluid supply source is supplied to the pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder and pressurized fluid in a back pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder is discharged, and a state in which part of the pressurized fluid in the pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder is collected in the back pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder. 10. The pressure booster according to claim 9, wherein:
each of the pilot valves includes a push rod configured to protrude to an inside of the back pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder by a biasing force of a spring; and the piston of the corresponding drive cylinder comes into abutment with the push rod at the moving end. 11. The pressure booster according to claim 10, wherein a silencer is provided in a channel through which the pressurized fluid in each of the back pressure chambers of the drive cylinders is discharged. 12. The pressure booster according to claim 10, wherein:
each of the push rods includes a piston portion; a space on a first side of the piston portion is exposed to an atmosphere while a space on a second side of the piston portion is connected to a pilot channel for switching the states of the pair of operating valves; and when the piston of each of the drive cylinders is not in abutment with the push rod, the space on the first side and the space on the second side communicate with each other via a hole formed inside the push rod. 13. The pressure booster according to claim 12, wherein:
each of the pilot valves includes a valve element with which the corresponding push rod is abuttable; and when the piston of each of the drive cylinders comes into abutment with the push rod and then brings the push rod into abutment with the valve element, the space on the second side is connected to a corresponding booster chamber of the booster cylinder and is sealed from the hole formed inside the push rod. 14. The pressure booster according to claim 12, wherein:
each of the push rods is slidably disposed inside a valve seat and a valve seat retainer; a first end face of the valve seat retainer faces the back pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder while a second end face thereof is in abutment with the valve seat; and the space on the first side includes a groove formed on the second end face of the valve seat retainer. | A pressure booster having arranged therein drive cylinders on both sides of a boosting cylinder is provided with a pair of pilot valves that are actuated when pistons of the drive cylinders abut against the moving ends thereof. A pair of actuation valves switch the supply state of a pressure fluid to pressure chambers of the drive cylinders. When the pilot valves are actuated, the pressure fluid passes through the pilot valves and is supplied to the pair of actuation valves, and the supply state of the pressure fluid is switched.1. A pressure booster including a booster cylinder and drive cylinders disposed respectively on both sides of the booster cylinder, comprising:
a pair of pilot valves each configured to be actuated when a piston of the corresponding drive cylinder is in abutment with the pilot valve at a moving end of the piston; and a pair of operating valves each configured to switch a state of supply of pressurized fluid from a pressurized fluid supply source, between pressure chambers of the drive cylinders, wherein: when each of the pilot valves is actuated, the pressurized fluid is supplied to the pair of operating valves through the corresponding pilot valve to thereby switch the state of supply of the pressurized fluid. 2. The pressure booster according to claim 1, wherein each of the operating valves switches between a state in which the pressurized fluid is supplied to the pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder and pressurized fluid in a back pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder is discharged, and a state in which part of the pressurized fluid in the pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder is collected in the back pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder. 3. The pressure booster according to claim 2, wherein:
each of the pilot valves includes a push rod configured to protrude to an inside of the back pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder by a biasing force of a spring; and the piston of the corresponding drive cylinder comes into abutment with the push rod at the moving end. 4. The pressure booster according to claim 3, wherein a silencer is provided in a channel through which the pressurized fluid in each of the back pressure chambers of the drive cylinders is discharged. 5. The pressure booster according to claim 3, wherein:
each of the push rods includes a piston portion; a space on a first side of the piston portion is exposed to an atmosphere while a space on a second side of the piston portion is connected to a pilot channel for switching the states of the pair of operating valves; and when the piston of each of the drive cylinders is not in abutment with the push rod, the space on the first side and the space on the second side communicate with each other via a hole formed inside the push rod. 6. The pressure booster according to claim 5, wherein:
each of the pilot valves includes a valve element with which the corresponding push rod is abuttable; and when the piston of each of the drive cylinders comes into abutment with the push rod and then brings the push rod into abutment with the valve element, the space on the second side is connected to the pressurized fluid supply source and is sealed from the hole formed inside the push rod. 7. The pressure booster according to claim 5, wherein:
each of the push rods is slidably disposed inside a valve seat and a valve seat retainer; a first end face of the valve seat retainer faces the back pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder while a second end face thereof is in abutment with the valve seat; and the space on the first side includes a groove formed on the second end face of the valve seat retainer. 8. A pressure booster including a booster cylinder and drive cylinders disposed respectively on both sides of the booster cylinder, comprising:
a pair of pilot valves each configured to be actuated when a piston of the corresponding drive cylinder is in abutment with the pilot valve at a moving end of the piston; and a pair of operating valves each configured to switch a state of supply of pressurized fluid from a pressurized fluid supply source, between pressure chambers of the drive cylinders, wherein: when each of the pilot valves is actuated, pressurized fluid from the booster cylinder is supplied to the pair of operating valves through the corresponding pilot valve to thereby switch the state of supply of the pressurized fluid. 9. The pressure booster according to claim 8, wherein
each of the operating valves switches between a state in which the pressurized fluid from the pressurized fluid supply source is supplied to the pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder and pressurized fluid in a back pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder is discharged, and a state in which part of the pressurized fluid in the pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder is collected in the back pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder. 10. The pressure booster according to claim 9, wherein:
each of the pilot valves includes a push rod configured to protrude to an inside of the back pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder by a biasing force of a spring; and the piston of the corresponding drive cylinder comes into abutment with the push rod at the moving end. 11. The pressure booster according to claim 10, wherein a silencer is provided in a channel through which the pressurized fluid in each of the back pressure chambers of the drive cylinders is discharged. 12. The pressure booster according to claim 10, wherein:
each of the push rods includes a piston portion; a space on a first side of the piston portion is exposed to an atmosphere while a space on a second side of the piston portion is connected to a pilot channel for switching the states of the pair of operating valves; and when the piston of each of the drive cylinders is not in abutment with the push rod, the space on the first side and the space on the second side communicate with each other via a hole formed inside the push rod. 13. The pressure booster according to claim 12, wherein:
each of the pilot valves includes a valve element with which the corresponding push rod is abuttable; and when the piston of each of the drive cylinders comes into abutment with the push rod and then brings the push rod into abutment with the valve element, the space on the second side is connected to a corresponding booster chamber of the booster cylinder and is sealed from the hole formed inside the push rod. 14. The pressure booster according to claim 12, wherein:
each of the push rods is slidably disposed inside a valve seat and a valve seat retainer; a first end face of the valve seat retainer faces the back pressure chamber of the corresponding drive cylinder while a second end face thereof is in abutment with the valve seat; and the space on the first side includes a groove formed on the second end face of the valve seat retainer. | 3,600 |
338,833 | 16,641,876 | 3,679 | The invention relates to the use of a catalyst as a passive nitrogen oxide adsorber, which has a carrier substrate, a zeolite, palladium, and platinum, wherein the palladium is provided in a quantity of 0.01 to 10 wt. %, based on the sum of the weights of zeolite, platinum, and palladium and calculated as a palladium metal, and platinum in a quantity of 0.1 to 10 wt. %, based on the weight of the palladium and calculated as a platinum metal. The invention also relates to the use of said catalyst in connection with a SCR catalyst in an exhaust gas system. | 1. Use of a catalyst comprising a carrier substrate of length L and a coating A comprising a zeolite, palladium and platinum, wherein palladium is present in amounts of 0.01 to 10 wt. %, based on the sum of the weights of zeolite, platinum and palladium, and is calculated as palladium metal, and platinum is present in amounts of 0.1 to 10 wt. %, based on the weight of palladium, and is calculated as platinum metal, as a passive nitrogen oxide adsorber that stores nitrogen oxides in a first temperature range and releases them again in a second temperature range, wherein the second temperature range is at higher temperatures than the first temperature range. 2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the largest channels of the zeolite are formed by 6 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms and the zeolite belongs to structure types AFG, AST, DOH, FAR, FRA, GIU, LIO, LOS, MAR, MEP, MSO, MTN, NON, RUT, SGT, SOD, SVV, TOL or UOZ. 3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the largest channels of the zeolite are formed by 8 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms and the zeolite belongs to structure types ABW, ACO, AEI, AEN, AFN, AFT, AFV, AFX, ANA, APC, APD, ATN, ATT, ATV, AVL, AWO, AWW, BCT, BIK, BRE, CAS, CDO, CHA, DDR, DFT, EAB, EDI, EEI, EPI, ERI, ESV, ETL, GIS, GOO, IFY, IHW, IRN, ITE, ITW, JBW, JNT, JOZ, JSN, JSW, KFI, LEV, -LIT, LTA, LTJ, LTN, MER, MON, MTF, MWF, NPT, NSI, OWE, PAU, PHI, RHO, RTH, RWR, SAS, SAT, SAV, SBN, SIV, THO, TSC, UEI, UFI, VNI, YUG or ZON. 4. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the largest channels of the zeolite are formed by 9 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms and the zeolite belongs to structure types -CHI, LOV, NAB, NAT, RSN, STT or VSV. 5. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the largest channels of the zeolite are formed by 10 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms and the zeolite belongs to structure types FER, MEL, MFI, MTT, MWW or SZR. 6. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the largest channels of the zeolite are formed by 12 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms and the zeolite belongs to structure types AFI, AFR, AFS, AFY, ASV, ATO, ATS, BEA, BEC, BOG, BPH, CAN, CON, CZP, DFO, EMT, EON, EZT, FAU, GME, GON, IFR, ISV, IWR, IWV, IWW, LTL, MAZ, MEI, MOR, MOZ, MSE, MTW, NPO, OFF, OSI, -RON, RWY, SAO, SBE, SBS, SBT, SFE, SFO, SOS, SSY, USI or VET. 7. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the zeolite belongs to structure types ABW, AEI, AFX, BEA, CHA, ERI, ESV, FAU, FER, KFI, LEV, LTA, MFI, SOD or STT. 8. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the palladium and the platinum are present as a cation in the zeolite structure. 9. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a zeolite of structure type ABW, AEI, AFX, BEA, CHA, ERI, ESV, FAU, FER, KFI, LEV, LTA, MFI, SOD or STT with 0.5 to 3 wt. % of palladium, based on the sum of the weights of zeolite, platinum and palladium, and calculated as palladium metal, and 0.5 to 5 wt. % of platinum, based on the weight of palladium, and calculated as platinum metal. 10. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier substrate carries another catalytically active coating B, which Is a coating that is active in terms of catalytic oxidation and comprises platinum, palladium or platinum and palladium on a carrier material. 11. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that a zeolite of structure type ABW, AEI, AFX, BEA, CHA, ERI, ESV, FAU, FER, KFI, LEV, LTA, MFI, SOD or STT coated with 0.5 to 3 wt. % of palladium, based on the sum of the weights of zeolite, platinum and palladium, and calculated as palladium metal, and 0.5 to 5 wt. % of platinum, based on the weight of the palladium, and calculated as platinum metal, extends directly on the carrier substrate over its entire length L, and on this coating there is a coating containing platinum or platinum and palladium in a mass ratio of 2:1 to 14:1 over the entire length L. 12. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the catalyst is a component of an exhaust gas system comprising an SCR catalyst. 13. Use according to claim 12, characterized in that the SCR catalyst is a zeolite belonging to the scaffold type BEA, AEI, CHA, KFI, ERI, LEV, MER or DDR and is exchanged with copper, iron or copper and iron. | The invention relates to the use of a catalyst as a passive nitrogen oxide adsorber, which has a carrier substrate, a zeolite, palladium, and platinum, wherein the palladium is provided in a quantity of 0.01 to 10 wt. %, based on the sum of the weights of zeolite, platinum, and palladium and calculated as a palladium metal, and platinum in a quantity of 0.1 to 10 wt. %, based on the weight of the palladium and calculated as a platinum metal. The invention also relates to the use of said catalyst in connection with a SCR catalyst in an exhaust gas system.1. Use of a catalyst comprising a carrier substrate of length L and a coating A comprising a zeolite, palladium and platinum, wherein palladium is present in amounts of 0.01 to 10 wt. %, based on the sum of the weights of zeolite, platinum and palladium, and is calculated as palladium metal, and platinum is present in amounts of 0.1 to 10 wt. %, based on the weight of palladium, and is calculated as platinum metal, as a passive nitrogen oxide adsorber that stores nitrogen oxides in a first temperature range and releases them again in a second temperature range, wherein the second temperature range is at higher temperatures than the first temperature range. 2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the largest channels of the zeolite are formed by 6 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms and the zeolite belongs to structure types AFG, AST, DOH, FAR, FRA, GIU, LIO, LOS, MAR, MEP, MSO, MTN, NON, RUT, SGT, SOD, SVV, TOL or UOZ. 3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the largest channels of the zeolite are formed by 8 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms and the zeolite belongs to structure types ABW, ACO, AEI, AEN, AFN, AFT, AFV, AFX, ANA, APC, APD, ATN, ATT, ATV, AVL, AWO, AWW, BCT, BIK, BRE, CAS, CDO, CHA, DDR, DFT, EAB, EDI, EEI, EPI, ERI, ESV, ETL, GIS, GOO, IFY, IHW, IRN, ITE, ITW, JBW, JNT, JOZ, JSN, JSW, KFI, LEV, -LIT, LTA, LTJ, LTN, MER, MON, MTF, MWF, NPT, NSI, OWE, PAU, PHI, RHO, RTH, RWR, SAS, SAT, SAV, SBN, SIV, THO, TSC, UEI, UFI, VNI, YUG or ZON. 4. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the largest channels of the zeolite are formed by 9 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms and the zeolite belongs to structure types -CHI, LOV, NAB, NAT, RSN, STT or VSV. 5. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the largest channels of the zeolite are formed by 10 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms and the zeolite belongs to structure types FER, MEL, MFI, MTT, MWW or SZR. 6. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the largest channels of the zeolite are formed by 12 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms and the zeolite belongs to structure types AFI, AFR, AFS, AFY, ASV, ATO, ATS, BEA, BEC, BOG, BPH, CAN, CON, CZP, DFO, EMT, EON, EZT, FAU, GME, GON, IFR, ISV, IWR, IWV, IWW, LTL, MAZ, MEI, MOR, MOZ, MSE, MTW, NPO, OFF, OSI, -RON, RWY, SAO, SBE, SBS, SBT, SFE, SFO, SOS, SSY, USI or VET. 7. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the zeolite belongs to structure types ABW, AEI, AFX, BEA, CHA, ERI, ESV, FAU, FER, KFI, LEV, LTA, MFI, SOD or STT. 8. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the palladium and the platinum are present as a cation in the zeolite structure. 9. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a zeolite of structure type ABW, AEI, AFX, BEA, CHA, ERI, ESV, FAU, FER, KFI, LEV, LTA, MFI, SOD or STT with 0.5 to 3 wt. % of palladium, based on the sum of the weights of zeolite, platinum and palladium, and calculated as palladium metal, and 0.5 to 5 wt. % of platinum, based on the weight of palladium, and calculated as platinum metal. 10. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier substrate carries another catalytically active coating B, which Is a coating that is active in terms of catalytic oxidation and comprises platinum, palladium or platinum and palladium on a carrier material. 11. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that a zeolite of structure type ABW, AEI, AFX, BEA, CHA, ERI, ESV, FAU, FER, KFI, LEV, LTA, MFI, SOD or STT coated with 0.5 to 3 wt. % of palladium, based on the sum of the weights of zeolite, platinum and palladium, and calculated as palladium metal, and 0.5 to 5 wt. % of platinum, based on the weight of the palladium, and calculated as platinum metal, extends directly on the carrier substrate over its entire length L, and on this coating there is a coating containing platinum or platinum and palladium in a mass ratio of 2:1 to 14:1 over the entire length L. 12. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the catalyst is a component of an exhaust gas system comprising an SCR catalyst. 13. Use according to claim 12, characterized in that the SCR catalyst is a zeolite belonging to the scaffold type BEA, AEI, CHA, KFI, ERI, LEV, MER or DDR and is exchanged with copper, iron or copper and iron. | 3,600 |
338,834 | 16,641,829 | 3,679 | The present disclosure provides insulated components that include corrugated regions, which corrugated regions may reside on inner tubes, outer tubes, or both. The present disclosure also provides insulated components that may achieve straight, curved, or other variable geometries. | 1. An insulated conduit, comprising:
(a) an outer tube, the outer tube having a distal end and a proximal end, the outer tube further comprising a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the outer tube from the distal end of the outer tube toward the proximal end of the outer tube; and an inner tube disposed within the outer tube, the inner tube having a distal end and a proximal end, and the inner tube defining a lumen, the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another at a joint, optionally at the distal end of the inner tube, the seal defining a sealed insulating region of reduced pressure between the outer tube and the inner tube, and the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another such that the length of the first corrugated region of the outer tube increases or decreases in response to a temperature, or (b) an outer tube, the outer tube having a distal end and a proximal end; an inner tube disposed within the outer tube, the inner tube having a distal end and a proximal end, and the inner tube defining a lumen, the inner tube further comprising a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the inner tube from the distal end of the inner tube toward the proximal end of the inner tube, the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another at a joint, optionally at the distal end of the outer tube, the seal defining a sealed insulating region of reduced pressure between the outer tube and the inner tube, and the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another such that the length of the first corrugated region of the inner tube increases or decreases in response to a temperature. 2. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the sealed insulating region defines a pressure in the range of from about 10−2 to about 10−9 Torr. 3. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the joint comprises (a) a first vent communicating with the sealed insulating region to provide an exit pathway for gas molecules from the sealed insulating region, the first vent being sealable for maintaining a reduced pressure within the first insulating space following evacuation of gas molecules through the first vent, and (b) a first seal sealing the first insulating space at the first vent. 4. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the outer tube first corrugated region defines a corrugation height that is from about 0.1 to about 100% of an inner diameter of an uncorrugated section of the outer tube. 5. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the inner tube first corrugated region defines a corrugation height that is from about 0.1 to about 100% of an inner diameter of an uncorrugated section of the inner tube. 6. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the outer tube first corrugated region has a length that is less than about 50% of the distance between the distal and proximal ends of the outer tube. 7. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the outer tube first corrugated region has a length that is less than about 20% of the distance between the distal and proximal ends of the outer tube. 8. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the inner tube first corrugated region has a length that is less than about 50% of the distance between the distal and proximal ends of the inner tube. 9. The insulated conduit of claim 6, wherein the inner tube first corrugated region has a length that is less than about 20% of the distance between the distal and proximal ends of the inner tube. 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the inner tube and the outer tube comprise different metallic materials. 13. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the inner tube and the outer tube comprise materials that have different coefficients of thermal expansion. 14. (canceled) 15. A method, comprising: communicating a fluid through the lumen of the inner tube of an insulated conduit,
the insulated conduit comprising: (a) an outer tube, the outer tube having a distal end and a proximal end, the outer tube further comprising a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the outer tube from the distal end of the outer tube toward the proximal end of the outer tube; and an inner tube disposed within the outer tube, the inner tube having a distal end and a proximal end, and the inner tube defining a lumen, the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another at a joint, optionally at the distal end of the inner tube, the seal defining a sealed insulating region of reduced pressure between the outer tube and the inner tube, and the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another such that the length of the first corrugated region of the outer tube increases or decreases in response to a temperature, or (b) an outer tube, the outer tube having a distal end and a proximal end; an inner tube disposed within the outer tube, the inner tube having a distal end and a proximal end, and the inner tube defining a lumen, the inner tube further comprising a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the inner tube from the distal end of the inner tube toward the proximal end of the inner tube, the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another at a joint, optionally at the distal end of the outer tube, the seal defining a sealed insulating region of reduced pressure between the outer tube and the inner tube, and the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another such that the length of the first corrugated region of the inner tube increases or decreases in response to a temperature. 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) 21. A system, comprising:
(a) an outer tube, the outer tube having a distal end and a proximal end, (b) an inner tube having a distal end and a proximal end, and the inner tube defining a lumen and the inner tube further comprising a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the inner tube from the distal end of the inner tube toward the proximal end of the inner tube, the inner tube being disposed within the outer tube and the inner tube and outer tube being sealed so as to define a sealed insulating region of reduced pressure between the outer tube and the inner tube, the inner tube and outer tube being sealed such that the first corrugated region of the inner tube expands or contracts in response to a temperature. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the lumen of the inner tube is in fluid communication with a source of combustion. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the system of combustion comprises an internal combustion engine. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein the outer tube comprises at least one corrugated region having a length. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the inner tube comprises two or more corrugated regions. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein at least two of the regions differ in at least one of corrugation height or corrugation period. 27. The system of claim 21, wherein at least one of the inner tube and the outer tube is characterized as curved. 28. (canceled) 29. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the outer tube comprises a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the outer tube from the distal end of the outer tube toward the proximal end of the outer tube. 30. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the inner tube comprises a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the outer tube from the distal end of the outer tube toward the proximal end of the outer tube. 31. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the outer tube comprises a corrugated region, wherein the inner tube comprises a corrugated region, and wherein the corrugated region of the outer tube is at least partially in register with the corrugated region of the inner tube. 32. An insulated conduit, comprising:
(a) an outer tube, the outer tube having a distal end and a proximal end, the outer tube further comprising a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along a region of the outer tube; and an inner tube disposed within the outer tube, the inner tube having a distal end and a proximal end, and the inner tube defining a lumen, the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another at a joint, optionally at the distal end of the inner tube, the seal defining a sealed insulating region of reduced pressure between the outer tube and the inner tube, and the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another such that the length of the first corrugated region of the outer tube increases or decreases in response to a temperature, or (b) an outer tube, the outer tube having a distal end and a proximal end; an inner tube disposed within the outer tube, the inner tube having a distal end and a proximal end, and the inner tube defining a lumen, the inner tube further comprising a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along a region of the inner tube, the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another at a joint, optionally at the distal end of the outer tube, the seal defining a sealed insulating region of reduced pressure between the outer tube and the inner tube, and the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another such that the length of the first corrugated region of the inner tube increases or decreases in response to a temperature. 33. The insulated conduit of claim 32, wherein the sealed insulating region defines a pressure in the range of from about 10−2 to about 10−9 Torr. 34. The insulated conduit of claim 32, wherein the outer tube comprises a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the outer tube from the distal end of the outer tube toward the proximal end of the outer tube. 35. The insulated conduit of claim 32, wherein the inner tube comprises a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the outer tube from the distal end of the outer tube toward the proximal end of the outer tube. 36. The insulated conduit of claim 32, wherein the outer tube comprises a corrugated region, wherein the inner tube comprises a corrugated region, and wherein the corrugated region of the outer tube is at least partially in register with the corrugated region of the inner tube. | The present disclosure provides insulated components that include corrugated regions, which corrugated regions may reside on inner tubes, outer tubes, or both. The present disclosure also provides insulated components that may achieve straight, curved, or other variable geometries.1. An insulated conduit, comprising:
(a) an outer tube, the outer tube having a distal end and a proximal end, the outer tube further comprising a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the outer tube from the distal end of the outer tube toward the proximal end of the outer tube; and an inner tube disposed within the outer tube, the inner tube having a distal end and a proximal end, and the inner tube defining a lumen, the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another at a joint, optionally at the distal end of the inner tube, the seal defining a sealed insulating region of reduced pressure between the outer tube and the inner tube, and the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another such that the length of the first corrugated region of the outer tube increases or decreases in response to a temperature, or (b) an outer tube, the outer tube having a distal end and a proximal end; an inner tube disposed within the outer tube, the inner tube having a distal end and a proximal end, and the inner tube defining a lumen, the inner tube further comprising a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the inner tube from the distal end of the inner tube toward the proximal end of the inner tube, the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another at a joint, optionally at the distal end of the outer tube, the seal defining a sealed insulating region of reduced pressure between the outer tube and the inner tube, and the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another such that the length of the first corrugated region of the inner tube increases or decreases in response to a temperature. 2. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the sealed insulating region defines a pressure in the range of from about 10−2 to about 10−9 Torr. 3. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the joint comprises (a) a first vent communicating with the sealed insulating region to provide an exit pathway for gas molecules from the sealed insulating region, the first vent being sealable for maintaining a reduced pressure within the first insulating space following evacuation of gas molecules through the first vent, and (b) a first seal sealing the first insulating space at the first vent. 4. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the outer tube first corrugated region defines a corrugation height that is from about 0.1 to about 100% of an inner diameter of an uncorrugated section of the outer tube. 5. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the inner tube first corrugated region defines a corrugation height that is from about 0.1 to about 100% of an inner diameter of an uncorrugated section of the inner tube. 6. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the outer tube first corrugated region has a length that is less than about 50% of the distance between the distal and proximal ends of the outer tube. 7. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the outer tube first corrugated region has a length that is less than about 20% of the distance between the distal and proximal ends of the outer tube. 8. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the inner tube first corrugated region has a length that is less than about 50% of the distance between the distal and proximal ends of the inner tube. 9. The insulated conduit of claim 6, wherein the inner tube first corrugated region has a length that is less than about 20% of the distance between the distal and proximal ends of the inner tube. 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the inner tube and the outer tube comprise different metallic materials. 13. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the inner tube and the outer tube comprise materials that have different coefficients of thermal expansion. 14. (canceled) 15. A method, comprising: communicating a fluid through the lumen of the inner tube of an insulated conduit,
the insulated conduit comprising: (a) an outer tube, the outer tube having a distal end and a proximal end, the outer tube further comprising a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the outer tube from the distal end of the outer tube toward the proximal end of the outer tube; and an inner tube disposed within the outer tube, the inner tube having a distal end and a proximal end, and the inner tube defining a lumen, the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another at a joint, optionally at the distal end of the inner tube, the seal defining a sealed insulating region of reduced pressure between the outer tube and the inner tube, and the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another such that the length of the first corrugated region of the outer tube increases or decreases in response to a temperature, or (b) an outer tube, the outer tube having a distal end and a proximal end; an inner tube disposed within the outer tube, the inner tube having a distal end and a proximal end, and the inner tube defining a lumen, the inner tube further comprising a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the inner tube from the distal end of the inner tube toward the proximal end of the inner tube, the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another at a joint, optionally at the distal end of the outer tube, the seal defining a sealed insulating region of reduced pressure between the outer tube and the inner tube, and the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another such that the length of the first corrugated region of the inner tube increases or decreases in response to a temperature. 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. (canceled) 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) 21. A system, comprising:
(a) an outer tube, the outer tube having a distal end and a proximal end, (b) an inner tube having a distal end and a proximal end, and the inner tube defining a lumen and the inner tube further comprising a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the inner tube from the distal end of the inner tube toward the proximal end of the inner tube, the inner tube being disposed within the outer tube and the inner tube and outer tube being sealed so as to define a sealed insulating region of reduced pressure between the outer tube and the inner tube, the inner tube and outer tube being sealed such that the first corrugated region of the inner tube expands or contracts in response to a temperature. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the lumen of the inner tube is in fluid communication with a source of combustion. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the system of combustion comprises an internal combustion engine. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein the outer tube comprises at least one corrugated region having a length. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the inner tube comprises two or more corrugated regions. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein at least two of the regions differ in at least one of corrugation height or corrugation period. 27. The system of claim 21, wherein at least one of the inner tube and the outer tube is characterized as curved. 28. (canceled) 29. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the outer tube comprises a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the outer tube from the distal end of the outer tube toward the proximal end of the outer tube. 30. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the inner tube comprises a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the outer tube from the distal end of the outer tube toward the proximal end of the outer tube. 31. The insulated conduit of claim 1, wherein the outer tube comprises a corrugated region, wherein the inner tube comprises a corrugated region, and wherein the corrugated region of the outer tube is at least partially in register with the corrugated region of the inner tube. 32. An insulated conduit, comprising:
(a) an outer tube, the outer tube having a distal end and a proximal end, the outer tube further comprising a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along a region of the outer tube; and an inner tube disposed within the outer tube, the inner tube having a distal end and a proximal end, and the inner tube defining a lumen, the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another at a joint, optionally at the distal end of the inner tube, the seal defining a sealed insulating region of reduced pressure between the outer tube and the inner tube, and the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another such that the length of the first corrugated region of the outer tube increases or decreases in response to a temperature, or (b) an outer tube, the outer tube having a distal end and a proximal end; an inner tube disposed within the outer tube, the inner tube having a distal end and a proximal end, and the inner tube defining a lumen, the inner tube further comprising a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along a region of the inner tube, the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another at a joint, optionally at the distal end of the outer tube, the seal defining a sealed insulating region of reduced pressure between the outer tube and the inner tube, and the inner tube and outer tube being sealed to one another such that the length of the first corrugated region of the inner tube increases or decreases in response to a temperature. 33. The insulated conduit of claim 32, wherein the sealed insulating region defines a pressure in the range of from about 10−2 to about 10−9 Torr. 34. The insulated conduit of claim 32, wherein the outer tube comprises a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the outer tube from the distal end of the outer tube toward the proximal end of the outer tube. 35. The insulated conduit of claim 32, wherein the inner tube comprises a first corrugated region having a length and comprising a plurality of corrugations extending along the outer tube from the distal end of the outer tube toward the proximal end of the outer tube. 36. The insulated conduit of claim 32, wherein the outer tube comprises a corrugated region, wherein the inner tube comprises a corrugated region, and wherein the corrugated region of the outer tube is at least partially in register with the corrugated region of the inner tube. | 3,600 |
338,835 | 16,641,877 | 3,679 | A two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus includes: a first calculation unit that calculates a flicker amount of each of a plurality of measurement regions set on a measurement target based on a photometric quantity obtained by performing photometry in the measurement target at a first sampling frequency; a second calculation unit that calculates a flicker amount of a predetermined measurement region set on the measurement target based on a photometric quantity obtained by performing photometry in the predetermined measurement region at a second sampling frequency; and a correction unit that corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the first calculation unit using a correction coefficient defined by the flicker amount calculated by the second calculation unit and a flicker amount of the predetermined measurement region calculated based on a photometric quantity obtained by performing photometry in the predetermined measurement region at the first sampling frequency. | 1. A two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus, comprising:
a photometer that has a first function of performing photometry in a two-dimensional region at a first sampling frequency and a second function of performing photometry in a region smaller than the two-dimensional region at a second sampling frequency higher than the first sampling frequency; and a hardware processor that calculates a flicker amount of each of a plurality of measurement regions set on a measurement target based on a photometric quantity of the measurement target obtained by performing photometry in the measurement target at the first sampling frequency by the photometer, wherein the hardware processor calculates a flicker amount of a predetermined measurement region set on the measurement target based on a photometric quantity of the predetermined measurement region obtained by performing photometry in the predetermined measurement region at the second sampling frequency by the photometer, and the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor using a correction coefficient defined by the flicker amount calculated by the hardware processor and a flicker amount of the predetermined measurement region calculated based on a photometric quantity of the predetermined measurement region obtained by performing photometry in the predetermined measurement region at the first sampling frequency by the photometer. 2. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim wherein the hardware processor stores in advance the correction coefficient calculated before measuring a flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions, and
the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor using the correction coefficient stored in the hardware processor. 3. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the hardware processors stores in advance a plurality of the correction coefficients calculated according to a value of a driving frequency of the measurement target, and the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor using the correction coefficient corresponding to the value of the driving frequency of the measurement target among the plurality of correction coefficients stored in the hardware processor. 4. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
a first inputter, wherein the hardware processor stores in advance a plurality of the correction coefficients calculated according to a value of the first sampling frequency, and when the value of the first sampling frequency is designated using the first inputter, the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor using the correction coefficient corresponding to the value designated using the first inputter among the plurality of correction coefficients stored in the hardware processor. 5. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
a second inputter, wherein the hardware processor stores in advance a plurality of the correction coefficients calculated according to a combination of a value of a driving frequency of the measurement target and a value of the first sampling frequency, and when the value of the first sampling frequency is designated using the second inputter, the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor using the correction coefficient corresponding to a combination of the value designated using the second inputter and the value of the driving frequency of the measurement target among the plurality of correction coefficients stored in the hardware processor. 6. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the photometer includes a two-dimensional imager having the first function and the second function, and the second function is a partial reading function. 7. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a light splitter that splits light from the measurement target into two light components, wherein the photometer includes a first photometer, which is disposed in an optical path of one of the two split light components and has the first function, and a second photometer, which is disposed in an optical path of the other one of the two split light components and has the second function, the hardware processor calculates the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions based on a photometric quantity of the measurement target obtained by performing photometry in the measurement target by the first photometer, the hardware processor calculates the flicker amount of the predetermined measurement region based on a photometric quantity of the predetermined measurement region obtained by performing photometry in the predetermined measurement region by the second photometer, one of the plurality of measurement regions is the predetermined measurement region, the hardware processor calculates the correction coefficient using the flicker amount of the predetermined measurement region, among the flicker amounts of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor, and the flicker amount calculated by the hardware processor, and the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor using the correction coefficient calculated by the hardware processor. 8. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 7,
wherein the first photometer includes a first two-dimensional imager, and the second photometer includes a second two-dimensional imager having a partial reading function as the second function or a light receiving element that receives light from a spot region smaller than an imaging region of the first two-dimensional imager. 9. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third inputter, wherein the hardware processor correction unit corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct a flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions, and the hardware processor does not correct the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct no flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions. 10. A two-dimensional flicker measurement method for measuring a flicker amount of each of a plurality of measurement regions set on a measurement target using a photometer having a first function of performing photometry in a two-dimensional region at a first sampling frequency and a second function of performing photometry in a region smaller than the two-dimensional region at a second sampling frequency higher than the first sampling frequency, the method comprising:
calculating the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions set on the measurement target based on a photometric quantity of the measurement target obtained by performing photometry in the measurement target at the first sampling frequency by the photometer; calculating a flicker amount of a predetermined measurement region set on the measurement target based on a photometric quantity of the predetermined measurement region obtained by performing photometry in the predetermined measurement region at the second sampling frequency by the photometer; and correcting the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated in the calculating the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions using a correction coefficient defined by the flicker amount calculated in the calculating a flicker amount of a predetermined measurement region and a flicker amount of the predetermined measurement region calculated based on a photometric quantity of the predetermined measurement region obtained by performing photometry in the predetermined measurement region at the first sampling frequency by the photometer. 11. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the photometer includes a two-dimensional imager having the first function and the second function, and the second function is a partial reading function. 12. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
a third inputter, wherein the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct a flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions, and the hardware processor does not correct the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct no flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions. 13. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein the photometer includes a two-dimensional imager having the first function and the second function, and the second function is a partial reading function. 14. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising:
a third inputter, wherein the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct a flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions, and the hardware processor does not correct the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct no flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions. 15. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the photometer includes a two-dimensional imager having the first function and the second function, and the second function is a partial reading function. 16. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising:
a third inputter, wherein the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct a flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions, and the hardware processor does not correct the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct no flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions. 17. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein the photometer includes a two-dimensional imager having the first function and the second function, and the second function is a partial reading function. 18. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising:
a third inputter, wherein the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct a flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions, and the hardware processor does not correct the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct no flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions. 19. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising:
a third inputter, wherein the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct a flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions, and the hardware processor does not correct the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct no flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions. 20. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising:
a third inputter, wherein the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct a flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions, and the hardware processor does not correct the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct no flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions. | A two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus includes: a first calculation unit that calculates a flicker amount of each of a plurality of measurement regions set on a measurement target based on a photometric quantity obtained by performing photometry in the measurement target at a first sampling frequency; a second calculation unit that calculates a flicker amount of a predetermined measurement region set on the measurement target based on a photometric quantity obtained by performing photometry in the predetermined measurement region at a second sampling frequency; and a correction unit that corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the first calculation unit using a correction coefficient defined by the flicker amount calculated by the second calculation unit and a flicker amount of the predetermined measurement region calculated based on a photometric quantity obtained by performing photometry in the predetermined measurement region at the first sampling frequency.1. A two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus, comprising:
a photometer that has a first function of performing photometry in a two-dimensional region at a first sampling frequency and a second function of performing photometry in a region smaller than the two-dimensional region at a second sampling frequency higher than the first sampling frequency; and a hardware processor that calculates a flicker amount of each of a plurality of measurement regions set on a measurement target based on a photometric quantity of the measurement target obtained by performing photometry in the measurement target at the first sampling frequency by the photometer, wherein the hardware processor calculates a flicker amount of a predetermined measurement region set on the measurement target based on a photometric quantity of the predetermined measurement region obtained by performing photometry in the predetermined measurement region at the second sampling frequency by the photometer, and the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor using a correction coefficient defined by the flicker amount calculated by the hardware processor and a flicker amount of the predetermined measurement region calculated based on a photometric quantity of the predetermined measurement region obtained by performing photometry in the predetermined measurement region at the first sampling frequency by the photometer. 2. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim wherein the hardware processor stores in advance the correction coefficient calculated before measuring a flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions, and
the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor using the correction coefficient stored in the hardware processor. 3. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the hardware processors stores in advance a plurality of the correction coefficients calculated according to a value of a driving frequency of the measurement target, and the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor using the correction coefficient corresponding to the value of the driving frequency of the measurement target among the plurality of correction coefficients stored in the hardware processor. 4. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
a first inputter, wherein the hardware processor stores in advance a plurality of the correction coefficients calculated according to a value of the first sampling frequency, and when the value of the first sampling frequency is designated using the first inputter, the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor using the correction coefficient corresponding to the value designated using the first inputter among the plurality of correction coefficients stored in the hardware processor. 5. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
a second inputter, wherein the hardware processor stores in advance a plurality of the correction coefficients calculated according to a combination of a value of a driving frequency of the measurement target and a value of the first sampling frequency, and when the value of the first sampling frequency is designated using the second inputter, the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor using the correction coefficient corresponding to a combination of the value designated using the second inputter and the value of the driving frequency of the measurement target among the plurality of correction coefficients stored in the hardware processor. 6. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the photometer includes a two-dimensional imager having the first function and the second function, and the second function is a partial reading function. 7. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a light splitter that splits light from the measurement target into two light components, wherein the photometer includes a first photometer, which is disposed in an optical path of one of the two split light components and has the first function, and a second photometer, which is disposed in an optical path of the other one of the two split light components and has the second function, the hardware processor calculates the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions based on a photometric quantity of the measurement target obtained by performing photometry in the measurement target by the first photometer, the hardware processor calculates the flicker amount of the predetermined measurement region based on a photometric quantity of the predetermined measurement region obtained by performing photometry in the predetermined measurement region by the second photometer, one of the plurality of measurement regions is the predetermined measurement region, the hardware processor calculates the correction coefficient using the flicker amount of the predetermined measurement region, among the flicker amounts of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor, and the flicker amount calculated by the hardware processor, and the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor using the correction coefficient calculated by the hardware processor. 8. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 7,
wherein the first photometer includes a first two-dimensional imager, and the second photometer includes a second two-dimensional imager having a partial reading function as the second function or a light receiving element that receives light from a spot region smaller than an imaging region of the first two-dimensional imager. 9. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third inputter, wherein the hardware processor correction unit corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct a flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions, and the hardware processor does not correct the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct no flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions. 10. A two-dimensional flicker measurement method for measuring a flicker amount of each of a plurality of measurement regions set on a measurement target using a photometer having a first function of performing photometry in a two-dimensional region at a first sampling frequency and a second function of performing photometry in a region smaller than the two-dimensional region at a second sampling frequency higher than the first sampling frequency, the method comprising:
calculating the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions set on the measurement target based on a photometric quantity of the measurement target obtained by performing photometry in the measurement target at the first sampling frequency by the photometer; calculating a flicker amount of a predetermined measurement region set on the measurement target based on a photometric quantity of the predetermined measurement region obtained by performing photometry in the predetermined measurement region at the second sampling frequency by the photometer; and correcting the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated in the calculating the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions using a correction coefficient defined by the flicker amount calculated in the calculating a flicker amount of a predetermined measurement region and a flicker amount of the predetermined measurement region calculated based on a photometric quantity of the predetermined measurement region obtained by performing photometry in the predetermined measurement region at the first sampling frequency by the photometer. 11. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the photometer includes a two-dimensional imager having the first function and the second function, and the second function is a partial reading function. 12. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
a third inputter, wherein the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct a flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions, and the hardware processor does not correct the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct no flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions. 13. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein the photometer includes a two-dimensional imager having the first function and the second function, and the second function is a partial reading function. 14. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising:
a third inputter, wherein the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct a flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions, and the hardware processor does not correct the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct no flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions. 15. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 4,
wherein the photometer includes a two-dimensional imager having the first function and the second function, and the second function is a partial reading function. 16. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising:
a third inputter, wherein the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct a flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions, and the hardware processor does not correct the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct no flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions. 17. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 5,
wherein the photometer includes a two-dimensional imager having the first function and the second function, and the second function is a partial reading function. 18. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising:
a third inputter, wherein the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct a flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions, and the hardware processor does not correct the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct no flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions. 19. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising:
a third inputter, wherein the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct a flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions, and the hardware processor does not correct the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct no flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions. 20. The two-dimensional flicker measurement apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising:
a third inputter, wherein the hardware processor corrects the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct a flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions, and the hardware processor does not correct the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions calculated by the hardware processor when an instruction to correct no flicker amount is given using the third inputter before measuring the flicker amount of each of the plurality of measurement regions. | 3,600 |
338,836 | 16,641,856 | 3,679 | The invention relates to an ultrasonic welding device comprising a sonotrode (14) transmitting ultrasonic vibrations and an anvil (15) disposed on an anvil carrier (17), the anvil (15) being disposed on the anvil carrier (17) in an exchangeable manner so that an mounting surface (21) of the anvil (15) rests against a support surface (22) of the anvil carrier (17) by means of a normal force exerted by a pretensioning device, the mounting surface (21) of the anvil (15) having a surface hardness greater than the surface hardness of the support surface (22) of the anvil carrier (17), the mounting surface (21) having a surface structure at least in the area of a partial surface, and the mounting surface (21) having a surface roughness of Rz/Ra ≥2 at least in the area of the partial surface. | 1. An ultrasonic welding device (10) comprising a sonotrode (14) transmitting ultrasonic vibrations and an anvil (15, 37) disposed on an anvil carrier (17), the anvil (15, 37) being disposed on the anvil carrier (17) in an exchangeable manner so that an mounting surface (21, 36) of the anvil (15, 37) rests against a support surface (22) of the anvil carrier (17) by means of a normal force exerted by a pretensioning device, characterized in that the mounting surface (21, 36) of the anvil (15, 37) has a surface hardness greater than the surface hardness of the support surface (22) of the anvil carrier (17), the mounting surface (21, 36) comprising a surface structure (32) at least in the area of a partial surface (31, 38), and the mounting surface (21, 36) having a surface roughness of Rz/Ra≥2 at least in the area of the partial surface (31, 38). 2. The ultrasonic welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface structure (32) comprises a linear structure component (33) inclined at least in sections at an angle of attack a with respect to the longitudinal direction (28) of the sonotrode (14). 3. The ultrasonic welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support surface (22) of the anvil carrier (17) has a surface hardness less than 58 HRC, and the mounting surface (21, 36) of the anvil (15, 37) has a surface hardness greater than 59 HRC. 4. The ultrasonic welding device according to any one of the claim 1, characterized in that the surface structure is formed by a line grid (39). 5. The ultrasonic welding device according to claim 4, characterized in that at least in sections, the line grid (39) has raised grid lines (40) of a maximum height determined by Rz. 6. The ultrasonic welding device according to claim 4, characterized in that the line grid (39) is produced by subjecting at least a partial surface (38) of the mounting surface to laser beams. 7. The ultrasonic welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mounting surface (21, 36) has a surface roughness of Rz/Ra≥5 at least in the area of the partial surface (31, 38). 8. The ultrasonic welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that Rz is ≥8 μm. 9. The ultrasonic welding device according to claim 7, characterized in that Rz is ≥20 μm. 10. The ultrasonic welding device according to claim 8, characterized in that Rz is ≥25 μm. | The invention relates to an ultrasonic welding device comprising a sonotrode (14) transmitting ultrasonic vibrations and an anvil (15) disposed on an anvil carrier (17), the anvil (15) being disposed on the anvil carrier (17) in an exchangeable manner so that an mounting surface (21) of the anvil (15) rests against a support surface (22) of the anvil carrier (17) by means of a normal force exerted by a pretensioning device, the mounting surface (21) of the anvil (15) having a surface hardness greater than the surface hardness of the support surface (22) of the anvil carrier (17), the mounting surface (21) having a surface structure at least in the area of a partial surface, and the mounting surface (21) having a surface roughness of Rz/Ra ≥2 at least in the area of the partial surface.1. An ultrasonic welding device (10) comprising a sonotrode (14) transmitting ultrasonic vibrations and an anvil (15, 37) disposed on an anvil carrier (17), the anvil (15, 37) being disposed on the anvil carrier (17) in an exchangeable manner so that an mounting surface (21, 36) of the anvil (15, 37) rests against a support surface (22) of the anvil carrier (17) by means of a normal force exerted by a pretensioning device, characterized in that the mounting surface (21, 36) of the anvil (15, 37) has a surface hardness greater than the surface hardness of the support surface (22) of the anvil carrier (17), the mounting surface (21, 36) comprising a surface structure (32) at least in the area of a partial surface (31, 38), and the mounting surface (21, 36) having a surface roughness of Rz/Ra≥2 at least in the area of the partial surface (31, 38). 2. The ultrasonic welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface structure (32) comprises a linear structure component (33) inclined at least in sections at an angle of attack a with respect to the longitudinal direction (28) of the sonotrode (14). 3. The ultrasonic welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support surface (22) of the anvil carrier (17) has a surface hardness less than 58 HRC, and the mounting surface (21, 36) of the anvil (15, 37) has a surface hardness greater than 59 HRC. 4. The ultrasonic welding device according to any one of the claim 1, characterized in that the surface structure is formed by a line grid (39). 5. The ultrasonic welding device according to claim 4, characterized in that at least in sections, the line grid (39) has raised grid lines (40) of a maximum height determined by Rz. 6. The ultrasonic welding device according to claim 4, characterized in that the line grid (39) is produced by subjecting at least a partial surface (38) of the mounting surface to laser beams. 7. The ultrasonic welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mounting surface (21, 36) has a surface roughness of Rz/Ra≥5 at least in the area of the partial surface (31, 38). 8. The ultrasonic welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that Rz is ≥8 μm. 9. The ultrasonic welding device according to claim 7, characterized in that Rz is ≥20 μm. 10. The ultrasonic welding device according to claim 8, characterized in that Rz is ≥25 μm. | 3,600 |
338,837 | 16,641,897 | 3,679 | The present invention relates to canakinumab for use in reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient with elevated hsCRP that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI). | 1. A method for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, comprising a first administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab to said patient, and comprising further administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has an hsCRP level of ≥2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab and an hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 6 months after first administration of canakinumab. 2. A method for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, comprising a first administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab to said patient, and comprising further administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has an hsCRP level of between ≥2 mg/L and <5 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab and an hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 6 months after first administration of canakinumab. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said recurrent CV event is selected from non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke, cardiovascular (CV) death and hospitalization for unstable angina requiring unplanned revascularization. 4. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said recurrent CV event is selected from non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke and cardiovascular (CV) death. 5. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said recurrent CV event is non-fatal MI or cardiovascular (CV) death. 6. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said recurrent CV event is non-fatal MI. 7. The method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein said recurrent CV event is hospitalization for unstable angina requiring unplanned revascularization. 8. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said patient is concomitantly receiving standard of care treatment for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent CV events. 9. Canakinumab for use in reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, comprising a first administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab to said patient, and comprising further administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has an hsCRP level of ≥2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab and an hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 6 months after first administration of canakinumab. 10. Canakinumab for use in reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, comprising a first administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab to said patient, and comprising further administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has an hsCRP level of between ≥2 mg/L and <5 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab and an hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 6 months after first administration of canakinumab. 11. Use of canakinumab for the manufacture of a medicament for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, comprising a first administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab to said patient, and comprising further administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has an hsCRP level of ≥2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab and an hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 6 months after first administration of canakinumab. 12. Use of canakinumab for the manufacture of a medicament for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, comprising a first administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab to said patient, and comprising further administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has an hsCRP level of between ≥2 mg/L and <5 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab and an hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 6 months after first administration of canakinumab. 13. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 9-12, wherein said recurrent CV event is selected from non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke, cardiovascular (CV) death or hospitalization for unstable angina requiring unplanned revascularization. 14. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 9-13, wherein said recurrent CV event is selected from non-fatal MI or non-fatal stroke or cardiovascular (CV) death. 15. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 9-14, wherein said recurrent CV event is non-fatal MI or cardiovascular (CV) death. 16. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 9-15, wherein said recurrent CV event is non-fatal MI. 17. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 9-13, wherein said recurrent CV event is hospitalization for unstable angina requiring unplanned revascularization. 18. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 9-17, wherein said patient is concomitantly receiving standard of care treatment for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent CV events. 19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising canakinumab, for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, comprising a first administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab to said patient, and comprising further administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has an hsCRP level of ≥2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab and an hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 6 months after first administration of canakinumab. 20. A pharmaceutical composition comprising canakinumab, for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, comprising a first administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab to said patient, and comprising further administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has an hsCRP level of between ≥2 mg/L and <5 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab and an hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 6 months after first administration of canakinumab. | The present invention relates to canakinumab for use in reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient with elevated hsCRP that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI).1. A method for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, comprising a first administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab to said patient, and comprising further administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has an hsCRP level of ≥2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab and an hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 6 months after first administration of canakinumab. 2. A method for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, comprising a first administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab to said patient, and comprising further administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has an hsCRP level of between ≥2 mg/L and <5 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab and an hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 6 months after first administration of canakinumab. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said recurrent CV event is selected from non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke, cardiovascular (CV) death and hospitalization for unstable angina requiring unplanned revascularization. 4. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said recurrent CV event is selected from non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke and cardiovascular (CV) death. 5. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said recurrent CV event is non-fatal MI or cardiovascular (CV) death. 6. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said recurrent CV event is non-fatal MI. 7. The method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein said recurrent CV event is hospitalization for unstable angina requiring unplanned revascularization. 8. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said patient is concomitantly receiving standard of care treatment for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent CV events. 9. Canakinumab for use in reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, comprising a first administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab to said patient, and comprising further administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has an hsCRP level of ≥2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab and an hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 6 months after first administration of canakinumab. 10. Canakinumab for use in reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, comprising a first administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab to said patient, and comprising further administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has an hsCRP level of between ≥2 mg/L and <5 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab and an hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 6 months after first administration of canakinumab. 11. Use of canakinumab for the manufacture of a medicament for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, comprising a first administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab to said patient, and comprising further administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has an hsCRP level of ≥2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab and an hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 6 months after first administration of canakinumab. 12. Use of canakinumab for the manufacture of a medicament for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, comprising a first administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab to said patient, and comprising further administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has an hsCRP level of between ≥2 mg/L and <5 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab and an hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 6 months after first administration of canakinumab. 13. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 9-12, wherein said recurrent CV event is selected from non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke, cardiovascular (CV) death or hospitalization for unstable angina requiring unplanned revascularization. 14. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 9-13, wherein said recurrent CV event is selected from non-fatal MI or non-fatal stroke or cardiovascular (CV) death. 15. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 9-14, wherein said recurrent CV event is non-fatal MI or cardiovascular (CV) death. 16. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 9-15, wherein said recurrent CV event is non-fatal MI. 17. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 9-13, wherein said recurrent CV event is hospitalization for unstable angina requiring unplanned revascularization. 18. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 9-17, wherein said patient is concomitantly receiving standard of care treatment for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent CV events. 19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising canakinumab, for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, comprising a first administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab to said patient, and comprising further administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has an hsCRP level of ≥2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab and an hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 6 months after first administration of canakinumab. 20. A pharmaceutical composition comprising canakinumab, for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, comprising a first administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab to said patient, and comprising further administration of about 150 mg of canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has an hsCRP level of between ≥2 mg/L and <5 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab and an hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 6 months after first administration of canakinumab. | 3,600 |
338,838 | 16,641,911 | 3,679 | The present invention pertains to a method for detecting HBsAg with which it is possible to detect HBsAg with high sensitivity even when blood (whole blood) is used as a sample. A sample is provided on a metal film on the surface of which there is immobilized a binding substance (e.g., an antibody) capable of specifically binding to hepatitis B surface antigens, and hepatitis B surface antigens included in the sample are bound by the binding substance. The hepatitis B surface antigens are also labeled by a fluorescent substance. Fluorescence, which is emitted from the fluorescent substance when the metal film is irradiated with excitation light so that surface plasmon resonance is produced in the metal film, is detected. | 1. A detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen, comprising:
preparing a detection chip including a metal film and a binding substance which is immobilized on the metal film and which specifically binds to a hepatitis B virus surface antigen; providing a specimen onto the metal film to cause a hepatitis B virus surface antigen contained in the specimen to bind to the binding substance; labeling, with a fluorescent substance, the hepatitis B virus surface antigen before or after binding to the binding substance; and detecting fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent substance when the metal film is irradiated with excitation light in such a manner as to generate surface plasmon resonance in the metal film with the hepatitis B virus surface antigen labeled with the fluorescent substance kept in a state binding to the binding substance. 2. The detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 1, wherein the hepatitis B virus surface antigen is labeled with the fluorescent substance through binding to a binding substance specifically binding to a hepatitis B virus surface antigen and having been labeled with the fluorescent substance. 3. The detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 2, wherein the binding substance immobilized on the metal film and the binding substance labeled with the fluorescent substance are both anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibodies. 4. The detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 3,
wherein the anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibody immobilized on the metal film is one or two or more anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen monoclonal antibodies or anti-hepatitis virus surface antigen polyclonal antibodies, and the anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibody labeled with the fluorescent substance is one or two or more anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen monoclonal antibodies or anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen polyclonal antibodies different from the anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibody immobilized on the metal film. 5. The detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 3, wherein the anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibody immobilized on the metal film and the anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibody labeled with the fluorescent substance are both antibodies binding to an S region of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen. 6. The detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 3, wherein the anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibody immobilized on the metal film and the anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibody labeled with the fluorescent substance both include both of an antibody binding to an S region of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen and an antibody binding to a Pre-S2 region of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen. 7. The detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 3, wherein the fluorescent substance binds to the anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibody via an amino group or a sulfhydryl group of the anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibody. 8. The detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 1, wherein the specimen is blood. 9. The detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 1,
wherein the metal film is disposed on a prism, and the metal film is irradiated with the excitation light through the prism. 10. The detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 1,
wherein the metal film includes a diffraction grating, the binding substance is immobilized on the diffraction grating, and the diffraction grating is irradiated with the excitation light. 11. The detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 1, wherein the excitation light is laser light emitted from a laser light source having an output power of 15 to 30 mW. 12. A detection kit for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen, comprising:
a detection chip including a metal film and a binding substance which is immobilized on the metal film and which specifically binds to a hepatitis B virus surface antigen; and a labeling reagent for labeling a hepatitis B virus surface antigen with a fluorescent substance. 13. The detection kit for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 12,
wherein the labeling reagent is a binding substance specifically binding to a hepatitis B virus surface antigen and having been labeled with a fluorescent substance. 14. The detection kit for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 13, wherein the binding substance immobilized on the metal film and the binding substance labeled with the fluorescent substance are both anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibodies. | The present invention pertains to a method for detecting HBsAg with which it is possible to detect HBsAg with high sensitivity even when blood (whole blood) is used as a sample. A sample is provided on a metal film on the surface of which there is immobilized a binding substance (e.g., an antibody) capable of specifically binding to hepatitis B surface antigens, and hepatitis B surface antigens included in the sample are bound by the binding substance. The hepatitis B surface antigens are also labeled by a fluorescent substance. Fluorescence, which is emitted from the fluorescent substance when the metal film is irradiated with excitation light so that surface plasmon resonance is produced in the metal film, is detected.1. A detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen, comprising:
preparing a detection chip including a metal film and a binding substance which is immobilized on the metal film and which specifically binds to a hepatitis B virus surface antigen; providing a specimen onto the metal film to cause a hepatitis B virus surface antigen contained in the specimen to bind to the binding substance; labeling, with a fluorescent substance, the hepatitis B virus surface antigen before or after binding to the binding substance; and detecting fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent substance when the metal film is irradiated with excitation light in such a manner as to generate surface plasmon resonance in the metal film with the hepatitis B virus surface antigen labeled with the fluorescent substance kept in a state binding to the binding substance. 2. The detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 1, wherein the hepatitis B virus surface antigen is labeled with the fluorescent substance through binding to a binding substance specifically binding to a hepatitis B virus surface antigen and having been labeled with the fluorescent substance. 3. The detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 2, wherein the binding substance immobilized on the metal film and the binding substance labeled with the fluorescent substance are both anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibodies. 4. The detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 3,
wherein the anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibody immobilized on the metal film is one or two or more anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen monoclonal antibodies or anti-hepatitis virus surface antigen polyclonal antibodies, and the anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibody labeled with the fluorescent substance is one or two or more anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen monoclonal antibodies or anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen polyclonal antibodies different from the anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibody immobilized on the metal film. 5. The detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 3, wherein the anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibody immobilized on the metal film and the anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibody labeled with the fluorescent substance are both antibodies binding to an S region of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen. 6. The detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 3, wherein the anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibody immobilized on the metal film and the anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibody labeled with the fluorescent substance both include both of an antibody binding to an S region of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen and an antibody binding to a Pre-S2 region of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen. 7. The detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 3, wherein the fluorescent substance binds to the anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibody via an amino group or a sulfhydryl group of the anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibody. 8. The detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 1, wherein the specimen is blood. 9. The detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 1,
wherein the metal film is disposed on a prism, and the metal film is irradiated with the excitation light through the prism. 10. The detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 1,
wherein the metal film includes a diffraction grating, the binding substance is immobilized on the diffraction grating, and the diffraction grating is irradiated with the excitation light. 11. The detection method for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 1, wherein the excitation light is laser light emitted from a laser light source having an output power of 15 to 30 mW. 12. A detection kit for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen, comprising:
a detection chip including a metal film and a binding substance which is immobilized on the metal film and which specifically binds to a hepatitis B virus surface antigen; and a labeling reagent for labeling a hepatitis B virus surface antigen with a fluorescent substance. 13. The detection kit for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 12,
wherein the labeling reagent is a binding substance specifically binding to a hepatitis B virus surface antigen and having been labeled with a fluorescent substance. 14. The detection kit for a hepatitis B virus surface antigen according to claim 13, wherein the binding substance immobilized on the metal film and the binding substance labeled with the fluorescent substance are both anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen antibodies. | 3,600 |
338,839 | 16,641,879 | 3,679 | According to an embodiment, provided is a molding resin sheet including: a base material layer containing a polycarbonate resin (a1); a high-hardness resin layer containing a high-hardness resin; and a hard coat layer, wherein the high-hardness resin layer is located between the base material layer and the hard coat layer, the high-hardness resin has a pencil hardness of HB or more, and the glass transition points of the polycarbonate resin (a1) and the high-hardness resin satisfy the following relationship: −10° C.≤(the glass transition point of the high-hardness resin)−(the glass transition point of the polycarbonate resin (a1))≤40° C. | 1. A molding resin sheet comprising:
a base material layer containing a polycarbonate resin (a1); a high-hardness resin layer containing a high-hardness resin; and a hard coat layer, wherein the high-hardness resin layer is placed between the base material layer and the hard coat layer, a pencil hardness of the high-hardness resin is HB or harder, and glass transition points of the polycarbonate resin (a1) and the high-hardness resin satisfy the following relationship:
−10° C.≤(Glass transition point of high-hardness resin)−(Glass transition point of polycarbonate resin (a1))≤40° C. 2. The molding resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the polycarbonate resin (a1) is an aromatic polycarbonate resin. 3. The molding resin sheet according to claim 2, wherein the aromatic polycarbonate resin comprises a constituent unit represented by General formula (4a) below: 4. The molding resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein a content of the polycarbonate resin (a1) is 75-100 mass % to a total mass of the base material layer. 5. The molding resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the high-hardness resin is selected from the group consisting of the following resins (B1)-(B5):
resin (B1): a copolymer containing a (meth)acrylic ester constituent unit (a) represented by General formula (1) below and an aliphatic vinyl constituent unit (b) represented by General formula (2) below, or an alloy of said copolymer and a resin (B2): 6. The molding resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein a content of the high-hardness resin is 70-100 mass % to a total mass of the high-hardness resin layer. 7. The molding resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein a total thickness of the base material layer and the high-hardness resin layer is 0.5 mm-3.5 mm. 8. The molding resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of the thickness of the base material layer is 75%-99% to a total thickness of the base material layer and the high-hardness resin layer. 9. The molding resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the hard coat layer is an acrylic hard coat. 10. The molding resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein a pencil hardness of a surface of the hard coat layer of the molding resin sheet is 2H or harder. 11. A molded resin article molded using the molding resin sheet according to claim 1. | According to an embodiment, provided is a molding resin sheet including: a base material layer containing a polycarbonate resin (a1); a high-hardness resin layer containing a high-hardness resin; and a hard coat layer, wherein the high-hardness resin layer is located between the base material layer and the hard coat layer, the high-hardness resin has a pencil hardness of HB or more, and the glass transition points of the polycarbonate resin (a1) and the high-hardness resin satisfy the following relationship: −10° C.≤(the glass transition point of the high-hardness resin)−(the glass transition point of the polycarbonate resin (a1))≤40° C.1. A molding resin sheet comprising:
a base material layer containing a polycarbonate resin (a1); a high-hardness resin layer containing a high-hardness resin; and a hard coat layer, wherein the high-hardness resin layer is placed between the base material layer and the hard coat layer, a pencil hardness of the high-hardness resin is HB or harder, and glass transition points of the polycarbonate resin (a1) and the high-hardness resin satisfy the following relationship:
−10° C.≤(Glass transition point of high-hardness resin)−(Glass transition point of polycarbonate resin (a1))≤40° C. 2. The molding resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the polycarbonate resin (a1) is an aromatic polycarbonate resin. 3. The molding resin sheet according to claim 2, wherein the aromatic polycarbonate resin comprises a constituent unit represented by General formula (4a) below: 4. The molding resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein a content of the polycarbonate resin (a1) is 75-100 mass % to a total mass of the base material layer. 5. The molding resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the high-hardness resin is selected from the group consisting of the following resins (B1)-(B5):
resin (B1): a copolymer containing a (meth)acrylic ester constituent unit (a) represented by General formula (1) below and an aliphatic vinyl constituent unit (b) represented by General formula (2) below, or an alloy of said copolymer and a resin (B2): 6. The molding resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein a content of the high-hardness resin is 70-100 mass % to a total mass of the high-hardness resin layer. 7. The molding resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein a total thickness of the base material layer and the high-hardness resin layer is 0.5 mm-3.5 mm. 8. The molding resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of the thickness of the base material layer is 75%-99% to a total thickness of the base material layer and the high-hardness resin layer. 9. The molding resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the hard coat layer is an acrylic hard coat. 10. The molding resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein a pencil hardness of a surface of the hard coat layer of the molding resin sheet is 2H or harder. 11. A molded resin article molded using the molding resin sheet according to claim 1. | 3,600 |
338,840 | 16,641,908 | 3,679 | An image data processing method and apparatus, an image display method and apparatus, and a computer-readable storage medium and a display device. The image data processing method includes: obtaining initial image data of a to-be-displayed image, wherein each pixel in the to-be-displayed image comprises a white sub-pixel and a plurality of color sub-pixels; determining a target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel based on the initial image data, wherein the target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel is negatively correlated with color saturation of each pixel; and updating the initial image data to obtain target image data, wherein a stimulus value of the white sub-pixel of each pixel in the target image data is the target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel. | 1. An image data processing method, comprising:
obtaining initial image data of a to-be-displayed image, wherein each pixel in the to-be-displayed image comprises a white sub-pixel and a plurality of color sub-pixels; determining a target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel based on the initial image data, wherein the target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel is negatively correlated with color saturation of each pixel; and updating the initial image data to obtain target image data, wherein a stimulus value of the white sub-pixel of each pixel in the target image data is the target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein prior to updating the initial image data to obtain the target image data, the method further comprises:
determining an auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel in each pixel, wherein the auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel is less than a stimulus value of each color sub-pixel in the initial image data; and a stimulus value of each color sub-pixel in the target image data is the auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining the target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel based on the initial image data comprises:
obtaining a stimulus value of each color sub-pixel in each pixel in the initial image data; determining a maximum initial stimulus value M and a minimum initial stimulus value C of the color sub-pixels in each pixel; determining a color saturation coefficient K of each pixel based on a color difference of each pixel, wherein the color saturation coefficient K of each pixel is negatively correlated with the color difference of each pixel, and the color difference of each pixel is positively related to the color saturation of each pixel; and determining the target stimulus value F corresponding to each pixel according to a first preset formula, wherein the first preset formula is 4. (canceled) 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the determining the auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel in each pixel comprises:
determining the auxiliary stimulus value G corresponding to each color sub-pixel according to a third preset formula, wherein the third preset formula is 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
performing a white balance adjustment on the target image data. 7. An image display method, comprising:
displaying the to-be-displayed image based on the target image data obtained by the image data processing method according to claim 1. 8. An image data processing apparatus, comprising:
an obtaining module, configured to obtain initial image data of a to-be-displayed image, wherein each pixel in the to-be-displayed image comprises a white sub-pixel and a plurality of color sub-pixels; a first determining module, configured to determine a target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel based on the initial image data, wherein the target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel is negatively correlated with the color saturation of each pixel; and an updating module, configured to update the initial image data to obtain target image data, wherein a stimulus value of the white sub-pixel of each pixel in the target image data is the target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising:
a second determining module, configured to determine an auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel in each pixel, wherein the auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel is less than a stimulus value of each color sub-pixel in the initial image data; and a stimulus value of each color sub-pixel in the target image data is the auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel. 10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the first determining module comprises:
an obtaining unit, configured to obtain a stimulus value of each color sub-pixel in each pixel in the initial image data; a first determining unit, configured to determine a maximum initial stimulus value M and a minimum initial stimulus value C of the color sub-pixels in each pixel; a second determining unit, configured to determine a color saturation coefficient K of each pixel based on a color difference of each pixel, wherein the color saturation coefficient K of the pixel is negatively related to the color difference of the pixel, and the color difference of the pixel is positively related to the color saturation of the pixel; and a third determining unit, configured to determine the target stimulus value F corresponding to each pixel according to a first preset formula, wherein the first preset formula is 11. (canceled) 12. The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising:
an adjusting unit, configured to perform a white balance adjustment on the target image data. 13. An image display apparatus, configured to display the to-be-displayed image based on the target image data obtained by the image data processing method according to claim 1. 14. An image data processing apparatus, comprising:
a processor; and a memory, wherein the memory stores computer-readable instructions executable by the processor, and the computer-readable instructions, when executed, cause the processor to perform following operations: obtaining initial image data of a to-be-displayed image, wherein each pixel in the to-be-displayed image comprises a white sub-pixel and a plurality of color sub-pixels; determining a target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel based on the initial image data, wherein the target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel is negatively correlated with color saturation of each pixel; and updating the initial image data to obtain target image data, wherein a stimulus value of the white sub-pixel of each pixel in the target image data is the target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel. 15. The image data processing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein prior to updating the initial image data to obtain the target image data, the processor further performs:
determining an auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel in each pixel, wherein the auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel is less than a stimulus value of each color sub-pixel in the initial image data; and a stimulus value of each color sub-pixel in the target image data is the auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel. 16. The image data processing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the determining the target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel based on the initial image data comprises:
obtaining a stimulus value of each color sub-pixel in each pixel in the initial image data; determining a maximum initial stimulus value M and a minimum initial stimulus value C of the color sub-pixels in each pixel; determining a color saturation coefficient K of each pixel based on a color difference of each pixel, wherein the color saturation coefficient K of each pixel is negatively correlated with the color difference of each pixel, and the color difference of each pixel is positively related to the color saturation of each pixel; and determining the target stimulus value F corresponding to each pixel according to a first preset formula, wherein the first preset formula is 17. The image data processing apparatus according to claim 16,
wherein the determining the color saturation coefficient K of each pixel based on the color difference of each pixel comprises: determining the color saturation coefficient K of each pixel according to a second preset formula, wherein the second preset formula is: 18. The image data processing apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the determining the auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel in each pixel comprises:
determining the auxiliary stimulus value G corresponding to each color sub-pixel according to a third preset formula, wherein the third preset formula is 19. The image data processing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to perform a white balance adjustment on the target image data. 20. A non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, storing a computer-readable program executable by a processor, and the computer-readable program, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform
the image data processing method according to claim 1. 21. A display device, comprising the image data processing apparatus according to claim 14. 22. A display device, comprising the image display apparatus according to claim 13. | An image data processing method and apparatus, an image display method and apparatus, and a computer-readable storage medium and a display device. The image data processing method includes: obtaining initial image data of a to-be-displayed image, wherein each pixel in the to-be-displayed image comprises a white sub-pixel and a plurality of color sub-pixels; determining a target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel based on the initial image data, wherein the target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel is negatively correlated with color saturation of each pixel; and updating the initial image data to obtain target image data, wherein a stimulus value of the white sub-pixel of each pixel in the target image data is the target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel.1. An image data processing method, comprising:
obtaining initial image data of a to-be-displayed image, wherein each pixel in the to-be-displayed image comprises a white sub-pixel and a plurality of color sub-pixels; determining a target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel based on the initial image data, wherein the target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel is negatively correlated with color saturation of each pixel; and updating the initial image data to obtain target image data, wherein a stimulus value of the white sub-pixel of each pixel in the target image data is the target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein prior to updating the initial image data to obtain the target image data, the method further comprises:
determining an auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel in each pixel, wherein the auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel is less than a stimulus value of each color sub-pixel in the initial image data; and a stimulus value of each color sub-pixel in the target image data is the auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining the target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel based on the initial image data comprises:
obtaining a stimulus value of each color sub-pixel in each pixel in the initial image data; determining a maximum initial stimulus value M and a minimum initial stimulus value C of the color sub-pixels in each pixel; determining a color saturation coefficient K of each pixel based on a color difference of each pixel, wherein the color saturation coefficient K of each pixel is negatively correlated with the color difference of each pixel, and the color difference of each pixel is positively related to the color saturation of each pixel; and determining the target stimulus value F corresponding to each pixel according to a first preset formula, wherein the first preset formula is 4. (canceled) 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the determining the auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel in each pixel comprises:
determining the auxiliary stimulus value G corresponding to each color sub-pixel according to a third preset formula, wherein the third preset formula is 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
performing a white balance adjustment on the target image data. 7. An image display method, comprising:
displaying the to-be-displayed image based on the target image data obtained by the image data processing method according to claim 1. 8. An image data processing apparatus, comprising:
an obtaining module, configured to obtain initial image data of a to-be-displayed image, wherein each pixel in the to-be-displayed image comprises a white sub-pixel and a plurality of color sub-pixels; a first determining module, configured to determine a target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel based on the initial image data, wherein the target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel is negatively correlated with the color saturation of each pixel; and an updating module, configured to update the initial image data to obtain target image data, wherein a stimulus value of the white sub-pixel of each pixel in the target image data is the target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising:
a second determining module, configured to determine an auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel in each pixel, wherein the auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel is less than a stimulus value of each color sub-pixel in the initial image data; and a stimulus value of each color sub-pixel in the target image data is the auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel. 10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the first determining module comprises:
an obtaining unit, configured to obtain a stimulus value of each color sub-pixel in each pixel in the initial image data; a first determining unit, configured to determine a maximum initial stimulus value M and a minimum initial stimulus value C of the color sub-pixels in each pixel; a second determining unit, configured to determine a color saturation coefficient K of each pixel based on a color difference of each pixel, wherein the color saturation coefficient K of the pixel is negatively related to the color difference of the pixel, and the color difference of the pixel is positively related to the color saturation of the pixel; and a third determining unit, configured to determine the target stimulus value F corresponding to each pixel according to a first preset formula, wherein the first preset formula is 11. (canceled) 12. The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising:
an adjusting unit, configured to perform a white balance adjustment on the target image data. 13. An image display apparatus, configured to display the to-be-displayed image based on the target image data obtained by the image data processing method according to claim 1. 14. An image data processing apparatus, comprising:
a processor; and a memory, wherein the memory stores computer-readable instructions executable by the processor, and the computer-readable instructions, when executed, cause the processor to perform following operations: obtaining initial image data of a to-be-displayed image, wherein each pixel in the to-be-displayed image comprises a white sub-pixel and a plurality of color sub-pixels; determining a target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel based on the initial image data, wherein the target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel is negatively correlated with color saturation of each pixel; and updating the initial image data to obtain target image data, wherein a stimulus value of the white sub-pixel of each pixel in the target image data is the target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel. 15. The image data processing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein prior to updating the initial image data to obtain the target image data, the processor further performs:
determining an auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel in each pixel, wherein the auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel is less than a stimulus value of each color sub-pixel in the initial image data; and a stimulus value of each color sub-pixel in the target image data is the auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel. 16. The image data processing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the determining the target stimulus value corresponding to each pixel based on the initial image data comprises:
obtaining a stimulus value of each color sub-pixel in each pixel in the initial image data; determining a maximum initial stimulus value M and a minimum initial stimulus value C of the color sub-pixels in each pixel; determining a color saturation coefficient K of each pixel based on a color difference of each pixel, wherein the color saturation coefficient K of each pixel is negatively correlated with the color difference of each pixel, and the color difference of each pixel is positively related to the color saturation of each pixel; and determining the target stimulus value F corresponding to each pixel according to a first preset formula, wherein the first preset formula is 17. The image data processing apparatus according to claim 16,
wherein the determining the color saturation coefficient K of each pixel based on the color difference of each pixel comprises: determining the color saturation coefficient K of each pixel according to a second preset formula, wherein the second preset formula is: 18. The image data processing apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the determining the auxiliary stimulus value corresponding to each color sub-pixel in each pixel comprises:
determining the auxiliary stimulus value G corresponding to each color sub-pixel according to a third preset formula, wherein the third preset formula is 19. The image data processing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to perform a white balance adjustment on the target image data. 20. A non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, storing a computer-readable program executable by a processor, and the computer-readable program, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform
the image data processing method according to claim 1. 21. A display device, comprising the image data processing apparatus according to claim 14. 22. A display device, comprising the image display apparatus according to claim 13. | 3,600 |
338,841 | 16,641,906 | 3,679 | Disclosed is a method of isolating extracellular vesicles and identifying membrane proteins therefrom. The method includes providing human plasma and/or serum; separating lipoproteins and extracellular vesicles from the human plasma and/or serum by a density gradient preparation, collecting the extracellular vesicles from the separated lipoproteins and extracellular vesicles; isolating and purifying the collected extracellular vesicles by using size exclusion chromatography; treating the isolated and purified extracellular vesicles with an aqueous solution to obtain membranes of the extracellular vesicles, wherein the aqueous solution has a pH in a range of 9 to 14; adding salt in a concentration range between 0.5-2.0M to the aqueous solution; isolating the membranes from the treated extracellular vesicles and identifying proteins on the isolated membranes by employing mass spectrometry. | 1. A method of isolating extracellular vesicles and identifying membrane proteins therefrom, characterized in that the method comprises steps of:
(a) providing human plasma and/or serum; (b) separating lipoproteins and extracellular vesicles from the human plasma and/or serum by a density gradient preparation; (c) collecting the extracellular vesicles from the separated lipoproteins and extracellular vesicles; (d) isolating and purifying the collected extracellular vesicles by using size exclusion chromatography; (e) treating the isolated and purified extracellular vesicles with an aqueous solution to obtain membranes of the extracellular vesicles, wherein the aqueous solution has a pH in a range of 9 to 14; (f) adding salt in a concentration range between 0.5-2.0M to the aqueous solution; (g) isolating the membranes from the treated extracellular vesicles; and (h) identifying proteins on the isolated membranes by employing mass spectrometry. 2. The method of claim 1, characterized in that the method further comprises a step:
(i) ultracentrifugation of the human plasma and/or serum to concentrate extracellular vesicles therein, wherein the step (i) is performed before the step (b). 3. A method of identifying breast cancer specific-membrane proteins, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
(a) isolating extracellular vesicles from breast cancerous tissues of patients; (b) identifying membrane proteins associated with the isolated extracellular vesicles by mass spectrometry; (c) comparing membrane proteins derived from extracellular vesicles of breast cancerous tissues with membrane proteins identified at step (g) of claim 1 by specifically subtracting the membrane proteins from plasma and/or serum, to identify tissue and/or disease-specific membrane proteins; (d) creating membrane proteins profiles for the identified disease-specific membrane protein; (e) plotting the created membrane proteins profiles of the patient against pre-determined membrane proteins profiles of healthy tissues and cancerous tissues; and (f) comparing expressional differences in breast cancerous tissues derived extracellular vesicles membrane proteins with membrane proteins derived from extracellular vesicles of the plasma and/or serum. 4. A method of claim 3, characterized in that, at the step (a) of isolating the extracellular vesicles, the method includes:
(i) slicing the tissues into fragments; (ii) incubating the fragments with one or more enzymes to release the extracellular vesicles; and (iii) centrifuging the incubated fragments for segregating tissue debris and the extracellular vesicles. 5. A method of claim 4, characterized in that the one or more enzymes are selected from a group of proteases including a matrix metalloproteinase, collagenases, and papain and nucleases including DNase, RNase, and Benzonase. 6. A method of claim 3, characterized in that, at the step (e) comparing the created membrane proteins profiles of the sample tissues against the pre-determined membrane proteins profiles of the healthy tissues and cancerous tissues is performed by employing at least one of a nanoFCM analysis, ELISA, alphaLISA, FACS, fluorescent correlation microscopy and immune-electron microscopy. 7. The method of any one of claim 6, characterized in that the method further comprises a step of:
(g) isolating the extracellular vesicles from body fluids before the step (a). 8. The method of claim 6, characterized in that the breast cancer-specific membrane protein is Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 and/or Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4. 9. A system for identifying biomarkers for breast cancer using healthy plasma and carcinogenic breast tissues, characterized in that the system includes:
(a) a mass spectrometer for recognizing disease-specific membrane proteins from extracellular vesicles derived membrane proteins for a sample breast tissue of a breast cancer suspect and recognizing membrane proteins of extracellular vesicles from healthy plasma; (b) a quantifying arrangement for quantifying the recognized disease-specific membrane proteins to identify a major disease specific membrane protein; and (c) a computing unit for
(i) creating membrane proteins profiles for the identified major disease-specific membrane protein, and
(ii) comparing the created membrane proteins profiles of the sample breast tissues against pre-determined membrane proteins profiles of the healthy plasma and the carcinogenic breast tissues. 10. A system of claim 9, characterized in that the computing unit includes memory stored with executable codes operable to:
(i) search the recognized disease-specific membrane proteins in respect of a pre-existing database of protein sequences; (ii) identify the major disease-specific membrane proteins for each group of the recognized disease-specific membrane proteins; (iii) obtain intensity information relating to the major disease-specific membrane proteins by employing a label-free quantification tool or an isotope labelling-based quantification tool; and (iv) compare expressional differences in breast cancerous tissues derived extracellular vesicles membrane proteins with membrane proteins derived from extracellular vesicles of the plasma and/or serum. 11. A system of claim 9, characterized in that comparing is performed by employing at least one of a nanoFCM analysis, ELISA, alphaLISA, FACS, fluorescent correlation microscopy and immune-electron microscopy. 12. A kit for capturing extracellular vesicles and detecting breast cancer-associated markers, characterized in that the kit comprises:
(a) an epitope specific binder against breast cancer-associated membrane proteins; and (b) at least one breast cancer-associated marker detection agent. 13. A computer program product comprising non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable instructions stored thereon, the computer-readable instructions being executable by a computerized device comprising processing hardware to execute a method of any one of the claims 1 to 8. | Disclosed is a method of isolating extracellular vesicles and identifying membrane proteins therefrom. The method includes providing human plasma and/or serum; separating lipoproteins and extracellular vesicles from the human plasma and/or serum by a density gradient preparation, collecting the extracellular vesicles from the separated lipoproteins and extracellular vesicles; isolating and purifying the collected extracellular vesicles by using size exclusion chromatography; treating the isolated and purified extracellular vesicles with an aqueous solution to obtain membranes of the extracellular vesicles, wherein the aqueous solution has a pH in a range of 9 to 14; adding salt in a concentration range between 0.5-2.0M to the aqueous solution; isolating the membranes from the treated extracellular vesicles and identifying proteins on the isolated membranes by employing mass spectrometry.1. A method of isolating extracellular vesicles and identifying membrane proteins therefrom, characterized in that the method comprises steps of:
(a) providing human plasma and/or serum; (b) separating lipoproteins and extracellular vesicles from the human plasma and/or serum by a density gradient preparation; (c) collecting the extracellular vesicles from the separated lipoproteins and extracellular vesicles; (d) isolating and purifying the collected extracellular vesicles by using size exclusion chromatography; (e) treating the isolated and purified extracellular vesicles with an aqueous solution to obtain membranes of the extracellular vesicles, wherein the aqueous solution has a pH in a range of 9 to 14; (f) adding salt in a concentration range between 0.5-2.0M to the aqueous solution; (g) isolating the membranes from the treated extracellular vesicles; and (h) identifying proteins on the isolated membranes by employing mass spectrometry. 2. The method of claim 1, characterized in that the method further comprises a step:
(i) ultracentrifugation of the human plasma and/or serum to concentrate extracellular vesicles therein, wherein the step (i) is performed before the step (b). 3. A method of identifying breast cancer specific-membrane proteins, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
(a) isolating extracellular vesicles from breast cancerous tissues of patients; (b) identifying membrane proteins associated with the isolated extracellular vesicles by mass spectrometry; (c) comparing membrane proteins derived from extracellular vesicles of breast cancerous tissues with membrane proteins identified at step (g) of claim 1 by specifically subtracting the membrane proteins from plasma and/or serum, to identify tissue and/or disease-specific membrane proteins; (d) creating membrane proteins profiles for the identified disease-specific membrane protein; (e) plotting the created membrane proteins profiles of the patient against pre-determined membrane proteins profiles of healthy tissues and cancerous tissues; and (f) comparing expressional differences in breast cancerous tissues derived extracellular vesicles membrane proteins with membrane proteins derived from extracellular vesicles of the plasma and/or serum. 4. A method of claim 3, characterized in that, at the step (a) of isolating the extracellular vesicles, the method includes:
(i) slicing the tissues into fragments; (ii) incubating the fragments with one or more enzymes to release the extracellular vesicles; and (iii) centrifuging the incubated fragments for segregating tissue debris and the extracellular vesicles. 5. A method of claim 4, characterized in that the one or more enzymes are selected from a group of proteases including a matrix metalloproteinase, collagenases, and papain and nucleases including DNase, RNase, and Benzonase. 6. A method of claim 3, characterized in that, at the step (e) comparing the created membrane proteins profiles of the sample tissues against the pre-determined membrane proteins profiles of the healthy tissues and cancerous tissues is performed by employing at least one of a nanoFCM analysis, ELISA, alphaLISA, FACS, fluorescent correlation microscopy and immune-electron microscopy. 7. The method of any one of claim 6, characterized in that the method further comprises a step of:
(g) isolating the extracellular vesicles from body fluids before the step (a). 8. The method of claim 6, characterized in that the breast cancer-specific membrane protein is Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 and/or Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4. 9. A system for identifying biomarkers for breast cancer using healthy plasma and carcinogenic breast tissues, characterized in that the system includes:
(a) a mass spectrometer for recognizing disease-specific membrane proteins from extracellular vesicles derived membrane proteins for a sample breast tissue of a breast cancer suspect and recognizing membrane proteins of extracellular vesicles from healthy plasma; (b) a quantifying arrangement for quantifying the recognized disease-specific membrane proteins to identify a major disease specific membrane protein; and (c) a computing unit for
(i) creating membrane proteins profiles for the identified major disease-specific membrane protein, and
(ii) comparing the created membrane proteins profiles of the sample breast tissues against pre-determined membrane proteins profiles of the healthy plasma and the carcinogenic breast tissues. 10. A system of claim 9, characterized in that the computing unit includes memory stored with executable codes operable to:
(i) search the recognized disease-specific membrane proteins in respect of a pre-existing database of protein sequences; (ii) identify the major disease-specific membrane proteins for each group of the recognized disease-specific membrane proteins; (iii) obtain intensity information relating to the major disease-specific membrane proteins by employing a label-free quantification tool or an isotope labelling-based quantification tool; and (iv) compare expressional differences in breast cancerous tissues derived extracellular vesicles membrane proteins with membrane proteins derived from extracellular vesicles of the plasma and/or serum. 11. A system of claim 9, characterized in that comparing is performed by employing at least one of a nanoFCM analysis, ELISA, alphaLISA, FACS, fluorescent correlation microscopy and immune-electron microscopy. 12. A kit for capturing extracellular vesicles and detecting breast cancer-associated markers, characterized in that the kit comprises:
(a) an epitope specific binder against breast cancer-associated membrane proteins; and (b) at least one breast cancer-associated marker detection agent. 13. A computer program product comprising non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable instructions stored thereon, the computer-readable instructions being executable by a computerized device comprising processing hardware to execute a method of any one of the claims 1 to 8. | 3,600 |
338,842 | 16,641,898 | 3,679 | A two-dimensional flicker measurement device includes: a two-dimensional imaging device having a partial reading function for reading a part of an imaging region; a setting unit that sets a plurality of parts, which correspond to partial regions each of which includes two or more of measurement regions, in the imaging region; a control unit that acquires a photometric quantity of each of the plurality of partial regions corresponding to the plurality of parts by causing the two-dimensional imaging device to image the measurement target multiple times using the partial reading function with the number of set parts as the number of times of imaging; and a calculation unit that executes processing, which is for calculating flicker amounts of the two or more measurement regions included in the partial region based on the acquired photometric quantity of the partial region, for each of the plurality of partial regions. | 1. A two-dimensional flicker measurement device for measuring a flicker amount of each of a plurality of measurement regions set in a measurement target, comprising:
a two-dimensional imaging device having a partial reading function for reading a part of an imaging region; and a hardware processor that sets a plurality of the parts, which correspond to partial regions each of which includes two or more of the measurement regions, in the imaging region, acquires a photometric quantity of each of the plurality of partial regions corresponding to the plurality of parts by causing the two-dimensional imaging device to image the measurement target multiple times using the partial reading function with the number of set parts as the number of times of imaging, and executes processing, which is for calculating flicker amounts of the two or more measurement regions included in the partial region based on the acquired photometric quantity of the partial region, for each of the plurality of partial regions. 2. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor sets a frame rate, at which a signal having a target frequency necessary to calculate the flicker amount is reproducible, as a frame rate of the partial reading, and sets a value, which is obtained by dividing a size of the imaging region by a size of the part determined by the set frame rate of the partial reading, as the number of parts. 3. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 2, wherein, when generating a power spectrum by performing a fast Fourier transform on a signal indicating the acquired photometric quantity of the partial region, the hardware processor sets an integer to divide the target frequency, among frequencies of frequency components included in the signal indicating the acquired photometric quantity of the partial region, as a frequency pitch of the power spectrum. 4. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 2, wherein the hardware processor sets the measurement region to a size having a positive correlation with the set frame rate of the partial reading. 5. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 2, wherein the hardware processors measures a strength of a signal indicating a photometric quantity output from the two-dimensional imaging device by imaging the measurement target by the two-dimensional imaging device under the set frame rate of the partial reading, and sets the measurement region to a size having a negative correlation with the measured strength. 6. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional imaging device has a global shutter function, and
the hardware processor controls the two-dimensional imaging device to image the measurement target multiple times using the global shutter function. 7. A two-dimensional flicker measurement system for measuring a flicker amount of each of a plurality of measurement regions set in a measurement target, comprising:
a camera including a two-dimensional imaging device having a partial reading function for reading a part of an imaging region; and a hardware processor that sets a plurality of the parts, which correspond to partial regions each of which includes two or more of the measurement regions, in the imaging region, acquires a photometric quantity of each of the plurality of partial regions corresponding to the plurality of parts by causing the two-dimensional imaging device to image the measurement target multiple times using the partial reading function with the number of set parts as the number of times of imaging, and executes processing, which is for calculating flicker amounts of the two or more measurement regions included in the partial region based on the acquired photometric quantity of the partial region, for each of the plurality of partial regions. 8. A two-dimensional flicker measurement method for measuring a flicker amount of each of a plurality of measurement regions set in a measurement target using a two-dimensional imaging device having a partial reading function for reading a part of an imaging region, the method comprising:
setting a plurality of the parts, which correspond to partial regions each of which includes two or more of the measurement regions, in the imaging region; acquiring a photometric quantity of each of the plurality of partial regions corresponding to the plurality of parts by causing the two-dimensional imaging device to image the measurement target multiple times using the partial reading function with the number of set parts as the number of times of imaging; and executing processing, which is for calculating flicker amounts of the two or more measurement regions included in the partial region based on the acquired photometric quantity of the partial region, for each of the plurality of partial regions. 9. A non-transitory recording medium storing a computer readable two-dimensional flicker measurement program for measuring a flicker amount of each of a plurality of measurement regions set in a measurement target using a two-dimensional imaging device having a partial reading function for reading a part of an imaging region, the program causing a computer to execute:
setting a plurality of the parts, which correspond to partial regions each of which includes two or more of the measurement regions, in the imaging region; acquiring a photometric quantity of each of the plurality of partial regions corresponding to the plurality of parts by causing the two-dimensional imaging device to image the measurement target multiple times using the partial reading function with the number of set parts as the number of times of imaging; and executing processing, which is for calculating flicker amounts of the two or more measurement regions included in the partial region based on the acquired photometric quantity of the partial region, for each of the plurality of partial regions. 10. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 2, wherein the two-dimensional imaging device has a global shutter function, and
the hardware processor controls the two-dimensional imaging device to image the measurement target multiple times using the global shutter function. 11. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 3, wherein the hardware processor sets the measurement region to a size having a positive correlation with the set frame rate of the partial reading. 12. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 3, wherein the hardware processor measures a strength of a signal indicating a photometric quantity output from the two-dimensional imaging device by imaging the measurement target by the two-dimensional imaging device under the set frame rate of the partial reading, and sets the measurement region to a size having a negative correlation with the measured strength. 13. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 3, wherein the two-dimensional imaging device has a global shutter function, and
the hardware processor controls the two-dimensional imaging device to image the measurement target multiple times using the global shutter function. 14. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 4, wherein the two-dimensional imaging device has a global shutter function, and
the hardware processor controls the two-dimensional imaging device to image the measurement target multiple times using the global shutter function. 15. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 5, wherein the two-dimensional imaging device has a global shutter function, and
the hardware processor controls the two-dimensional imaging device to image the measurement target multiple times using the global shutter function. | A two-dimensional flicker measurement device includes: a two-dimensional imaging device having a partial reading function for reading a part of an imaging region; a setting unit that sets a plurality of parts, which correspond to partial regions each of which includes two or more of measurement regions, in the imaging region; a control unit that acquires a photometric quantity of each of the plurality of partial regions corresponding to the plurality of parts by causing the two-dimensional imaging device to image the measurement target multiple times using the partial reading function with the number of set parts as the number of times of imaging; and a calculation unit that executes processing, which is for calculating flicker amounts of the two or more measurement regions included in the partial region based on the acquired photometric quantity of the partial region, for each of the plurality of partial regions.1. A two-dimensional flicker measurement device for measuring a flicker amount of each of a plurality of measurement regions set in a measurement target, comprising:
a two-dimensional imaging device having a partial reading function for reading a part of an imaging region; and a hardware processor that sets a plurality of the parts, which correspond to partial regions each of which includes two or more of the measurement regions, in the imaging region, acquires a photometric quantity of each of the plurality of partial regions corresponding to the plurality of parts by causing the two-dimensional imaging device to image the measurement target multiple times using the partial reading function with the number of set parts as the number of times of imaging, and executes processing, which is for calculating flicker amounts of the two or more measurement regions included in the partial region based on the acquired photometric quantity of the partial region, for each of the plurality of partial regions. 2. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor sets a frame rate, at which a signal having a target frequency necessary to calculate the flicker amount is reproducible, as a frame rate of the partial reading, and sets a value, which is obtained by dividing a size of the imaging region by a size of the part determined by the set frame rate of the partial reading, as the number of parts. 3. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 2, wherein, when generating a power spectrum by performing a fast Fourier transform on a signal indicating the acquired photometric quantity of the partial region, the hardware processor sets an integer to divide the target frequency, among frequencies of frequency components included in the signal indicating the acquired photometric quantity of the partial region, as a frequency pitch of the power spectrum. 4. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 2, wherein the hardware processor sets the measurement region to a size having a positive correlation with the set frame rate of the partial reading. 5. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 2, wherein the hardware processors measures a strength of a signal indicating a photometric quantity output from the two-dimensional imaging device by imaging the measurement target by the two-dimensional imaging device under the set frame rate of the partial reading, and sets the measurement region to a size having a negative correlation with the measured strength. 6. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional imaging device has a global shutter function, and
the hardware processor controls the two-dimensional imaging device to image the measurement target multiple times using the global shutter function. 7. A two-dimensional flicker measurement system for measuring a flicker amount of each of a plurality of measurement regions set in a measurement target, comprising:
a camera including a two-dimensional imaging device having a partial reading function for reading a part of an imaging region; and a hardware processor that sets a plurality of the parts, which correspond to partial regions each of which includes two or more of the measurement regions, in the imaging region, acquires a photometric quantity of each of the plurality of partial regions corresponding to the plurality of parts by causing the two-dimensional imaging device to image the measurement target multiple times using the partial reading function with the number of set parts as the number of times of imaging, and executes processing, which is for calculating flicker amounts of the two or more measurement regions included in the partial region based on the acquired photometric quantity of the partial region, for each of the plurality of partial regions. 8. A two-dimensional flicker measurement method for measuring a flicker amount of each of a plurality of measurement regions set in a measurement target using a two-dimensional imaging device having a partial reading function for reading a part of an imaging region, the method comprising:
setting a plurality of the parts, which correspond to partial regions each of which includes two or more of the measurement regions, in the imaging region; acquiring a photometric quantity of each of the plurality of partial regions corresponding to the plurality of parts by causing the two-dimensional imaging device to image the measurement target multiple times using the partial reading function with the number of set parts as the number of times of imaging; and executing processing, which is for calculating flicker amounts of the two or more measurement regions included in the partial region based on the acquired photometric quantity of the partial region, for each of the plurality of partial regions. 9. A non-transitory recording medium storing a computer readable two-dimensional flicker measurement program for measuring a flicker amount of each of a plurality of measurement regions set in a measurement target using a two-dimensional imaging device having a partial reading function for reading a part of an imaging region, the program causing a computer to execute:
setting a plurality of the parts, which correspond to partial regions each of which includes two or more of the measurement regions, in the imaging region; acquiring a photometric quantity of each of the plurality of partial regions corresponding to the plurality of parts by causing the two-dimensional imaging device to image the measurement target multiple times using the partial reading function with the number of set parts as the number of times of imaging; and executing processing, which is for calculating flicker amounts of the two or more measurement regions included in the partial region based on the acquired photometric quantity of the partial region, for each of the plurality of partial regions. 10. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 2, wherein the two-dimensional imaging device has a global shutter function, and
the hardware processor controls the two-dimensional imaging device to image the measurement target multiple times using the global shutter function. 11. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 3, wherein the hardware processor sets the measurement region to a size having a positive correlation with the set frame rate of the partial reading. 12. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 3, wherein the hardware processor measures a strength of a signal indicating a photometric quantity output from the two-dimensional imaging device by imaging the measurement target by the two-dimensional imaging device under the set frame rate of the partial reading, and sets the measurement region to a size having a negative correlation with the measured strength. 13. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 3, wherein the two-dimensional imaging device has a global shutter function, and
the hardware processor controls the two-dimensional imaging device to image the measurement target multiple times using the global shutter function. 14. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 4, wherein the two-dimensional imaging device has a global shutter function, and
the hardware processor controls the two-dimensional imaging device to image the measurement target multiple times using the global shutter function. 15. The two-dimensional flicker measurement device according to claim 5, wherein the two-dimensional imaging device has a global shutter function, and
the hardware processor controls the two-dimensional imaging device to image the measurement target multiple times using the global shutter function. | 3,600 |
338,843 | 16,641,901 | 3,679 | The disclosure relates to a method for producing a wood material panel with at least one layer with an inhomogeneous density profile, including the steps: scattering a multitude of wood particles to produce a particulate cake, pressing the particulate cake to form a layer of the wood material panel, and scattering different pre-determined quantities of wood particles in at least two areas within the particulate cake. | 1. A method for producing a wood material panel, comprising:
(a) scattering a multitude of wood particles to produce a particulate cake, wherein at least one adhesive is applied to at least some of the wood particles prior to and/or during scattering, (b) pressing the particulate cake under high pressure and at a high temperature to form a wood material panel, and (c) introducing different quantities of at least one additive at different positions within the particulate cake during the scattering of the wood particles. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one additive contains at least one adhesive, at least one fire-retardant substance, at least one biocidal substance, at least one substance for preventing the swelling of wood, at least one foamer and/or at least one substance that alters a visual and/or haptic and/or physical property of the wood material panel. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the different additives and/or different quantities of various additives are introduced at different positions within the particulate cake. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a quantity of wood particles, which are scattered to form the particulate cake, is varied depending on their anticipated position in the particulate cake. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the quantity of the scattered wood particles and the type and/or quantity of the additives introduced is selected in such a way that the wood material panel has a homogeneous bulk density. 6. A device for conducting a method according to claim 1 which comprises an introduction device and an electric control system, which is configured to control the introduction device such that different quantities of the at least one additive are introduced at different positions within the particulate cake during the scattering of the wood particles. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the electrical control system has an electronic data processing device that is configured to access information saved in an electronic memory and, based on this information, to control the introduction device. 8. The device according to claim 6, wherein the introduction device comprises at least one scattering head with at least one scattering nozzle for scattering the wood particles and at least one scattering head for scattering the at least one additive. 9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the at least one scattering head comprises at least two different additive nozzles for scattering different additives. 10. The method according to claim 2, wherein the physical property of the wood material panel is its electrical conductivity or thermal conductivity. | The disclosure relates to a method for producing a wood material panel with at least one layer with an inhomogeneous density profile, including the steps: scattering a multitude of wood particles to produce a particulate cake, pressing the particulate cake to form a layer of the wood material panel, and scattering different pre-determined quantities of wood particles in at least two areas within the particulate cake.1. A method for producing a wood material panel, comprising:
(a) scattering a multitude of wood particles to produce a particulate cake, wherein at least one adhesive is applied to at least some of the wood particles prior to and/or during scattering, (b) pressing the particulate cake under high pressure and at a high temperature to form a wood material panel, and (c) introducing different quantities of at least one additive at different positions within the particulate cake during the scattering of the wood particles. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one additive contains at least one adhesive, at least one fire-retardant substance, at least one biocidal substance, at least one substance for preventing the swelling of wood, at least one foamer and/or at least one substance that alters a visual and/or haptic and/or physical property of the wood material panel. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the different additives and/or different quantities of various additives are introduced at different positions within the particulate cake. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a quantity of wood particles, which are scattered to form the particulate cake, is varied depending on their anticipated position in the particulate cake. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the quantity of the scattered wood particles and the type and/or quantity of the additives introduced is selected in such a way that the wood material panel has a homogeneous bulk density. 6. A device for conducting a method according to claim 1 which comprises an introduction device and an electric control system, which is configured to control the introduction device such that different quantities of the at least one additive are introduced at different positions within the particulate cake during the scattering of the wood particles. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the electrical control system has an electronic data processing device that is configured to access information saved in an electronic memory and, based on this information, to control the introduction device. 8. The device according to claim 6, wherein the introduction device comprises at least one scattering head with at least one scattering nozzle for scattering the wood particles and at least one scattering head for scattering the at least one additive. 9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the at least one scattering head comprises at least two different additive nozzles for scattering different additives. 10. The method according to claim 2, wherein the physical property of the wood material panel is its electrical conductivity or thermal conductivity. | 3,600 |
338,844 | 16,641,909 | 3,679 | A multi-coupling system includes a first multi-coupling component including a plurality of individual first fluid couplers, and a second multi-coupling component including a plurality of individual second fluid couplers. The second multi-coupling component includes a locking pin assembly that is attached to a handle assembly, the locking pin assembly including a locking pin that is moveable in an axial direction between an extended position and a retracted position; a housing that houses the plurality of individual second fluid couplers, the housing further including a locking pin hole; and an operating lever configured to manipulate the locking pin assembly. In a connected and locked state, the locking pin is in the extended position in which a shaft end of the locking pin is located in the locking pin hole, thereby preventing rotation of the handle assembly. The locking pin assembly is manipulated by a user operation of the operating lever to move the locking pin from the extended position to the retracted position out from the locking pin hole to configure the multi-coupling system in a connected and unlocked state in which the handle assembly is rotatable to reconfigure the multi-coupling system to the disconnected state. | 1. A multi-coupling system comprising:
a first multi-coupling component including a plurality of individual first fluid couplers; and a second multi-coupling component including a plurality of individual second fluid couplers, the multi-coupling system being configurable between a connected and locked state and a disconnected state; wherein: in the connected and locked state at least a portion of the first fluid couplers respectively are fluidly connected to the second fluid couplers, and in the disconnected state the first fluid couplers and the second fluid couplers are disconnected, the multi-coupling system being further configurable in a connected and unlocked state; and the second multi-coupling component comprises: a locking pin assembly that is attached to a handle assembly, the locking pin assembly including a locking pin that is moveable in an axial direction between an extended position and a retracted position; a housing that houses the plurality of individual second fluid couplers, the housing further including a locking pin hole; and an operating lever configured to manipulate the locking pin assembly; wherein: in the connected and locked state the locking pin is in the extended position in which a shaft end of the locking pin is located in the locking pin hole, thereby preventing rotation of the handle assembly; the locking pin assembly is manipulated by a user operation of the operating lever to move the locking pin from the extended position to the retracted position out from the locking pin hole to configure the multi-coupling system in the connected and unlocked state in which the handle assembly is rotatable to reconfigure the multi-coupling system to the disconnected state; and the locking pin assembly is configured to automatically retain the locking pin in the retracted position when the multi-coupling system is in the connected and unlocked state. 2. The multi-coupling system of claim 1, wherein the locking pin assembly includes a knob, and the operating lever is fixed about the knob and the operating lever operates the locking pin assembly by rotating the knob. 3. The multi-coupling system of claim 2, wherein the operating lever is press fit over the knob. 4. The multi-coupling system of claim 1, wherein the operating lever is made of a rigid plastic. 5. The multi-coupling system of claim 1, wherein the operating lever is positioned about the locking pin assembly such that the user can manipulate the handle assembly and the operating lever simultaneously with one hand. 6. The multi-coupling system of claim 1, wherein the operating lever is positionable in a ready position, a locked position, and a detented position, wherein:
in the ready position, the first multi-coupling component and the second multi-coupling component are disengaged and the handle assembly is in a disconnected position; the operating lever is moved from the ready position to the locked position to rotate the pin assembly to lock the first multi-coupling component to the second multi-coupling component; and the operating lever is rotated from the locked position to the detented position for releasing first multi-coupling component and the second multi-coupling component. 7. The multi-coupling system of claim 6, wherein movement of the handle assembly to the disconnected position rotates the operating lever from the detented position back to the ready position. 8. A second multi-coupling component for connecting to a first multi-coupling component in a multi-coupling system, the second multi-coupling component comprising:
a plurality of individual second fluid couplers; a handle assembly that is rotatable to configure the multi-coupling system between a disconnected state and a connected and locked state; a locking pin assembly that is attached to the handle assembly, the locking pin assembly including a locking pin that is moveable in an axial direction between an extended position and a retracted position; an operating lever configured to manipulate the locking pin assembly; and a housing that houses the plurality of individual second fluid couplers, the housing further including a locking pin hole; wherein: in the connected and locked state the locking pin is in the extended position in which a shaft end of the locking pin is located in the locking pin hole, thereby preventing rotation of the handle assembly; the locking pin assembly is manipulated by a user operation of the operating lever to move the locking pin from the extended position to the retracted position out from the locking pin hole to configure the multi-coupling system in a connected and unlocked state in which the handle assembly is rotatable to reconfigure the multi-coupling system to the disconnected state; and the locking pin assembly is configured to automatically retain the locking pin in the retracted position when the multi-coupling system is in the connected and unlocked state. 9. The second multi-coupling component of claim 8, wherein the locking pin assembly includes a knob, and the operating lever is fixed about the knob, and the operating lever operates the locking pin assembly by rotating the knob. 10. The second multi-coupling component of claim 9, wherein the operating lever is press fit over the knob. 11. The second multi-coupling component of claim 8, wherein the operating lever is made of a rigid plastic. 12. The second multi-coupling component of claim 8, wherein the operating lever is positioned about the locking pin assembly such that the user can manipulate the handle assembly and the operating lever simultaneously with one hand. 13. The second multi-coupling component of claim 8, wherein the operating lever is positionable in a ready position, a locked position, and a detented position, wherein:
in the ready position, the first multi-coupling component and the second multi-coupling component are disengaged and the handle assembly is in a disconnected position; the operating lever is moved from the ready position to the locked position to rotate the pin assembly to lock the first multi-coupling component to the second multi-coupling component; and the operating lever is rotated from the locked position to the detented position for releasing first multi-coupling component and the second multi-coupling component. 14. The second multi-coupling component of claim 13, wherein movement of the handle assembly to the disconnected position rotates the operating lever from the detented position back to the ready position. | A multi-coupling system includes a first multi-coupling component including a plurality of individual first fluid couplers, and a second multi-coupling component including a plurality of individual second fluid couplers. The second multi-coupling component includes a locking pin assembly that is attached to a handle assembly, the locking pin assembly including a locking pin that is moveable in an axial direction between an extended position and a retracted position; a housing that houses the plurality of individual second fluid couplers, the housing further including a locking pin hole; and an operating lever configured to manipulate the locking pin assembly. In a connected and locked state, the locking pin is in the extended position in which a shaft end of the locking pin is located in the locking pin hole, thereby preventing rotation of the handle assembly. The locking pin assembly is manipulated by a user operation of the operating lever to move the locking pin from the extended position to the retracted position out from the locking pin hole to configure the multi-coupling system in a connected and unlocked state in which the handle assembly is rotatable to reconfigure the multi-coupling system to the disconnected state.1. A multi-coupling system comprising:
a first multi-coupling component including a plurality of individual first fluid couplers; and a second multi-coupling component including a plurality of individual second fluid couplers, the multi-coupling system being configurable between a connected and locked state and a disconnected state; wherein: in the connected and locked state at least a portion of the first fluid couplers respectively are fluidly connected to the second fluid couplers, and in the disconnected state the first fluid couplers and the second fluid couplers are disconnected, the multi-coupling system being further configurable in a connected and unlocked state; and the second multi-coupling component comprises: a locking pin assembly that is attached to a handle assembly, the locking pin assembly including a locking pin that is moveable in an axial direction between an extended position and a retracted position; a housing that houses the plurality of individual second fluid couplers, the housing further including a locking pin hole; and an operating lever configured to manipulate the locking pin assembly; wherein: in the connected and locked state the locking pin is in the extended position in which a shaft end of the locking pin is located in the locking pin hole, thereby preventing rotation of the handle assembly; the locking pin assembly is manipulated by a user operation of the operating lever to move the locking pin from the extended position to the retracted position out from the locking pin hole to configure the multi-coupling system in the connected and unlocked state in which the handle assembly is rotatable to reconfigure the multi-coupling system to the disconnected state; and the locking pin assembly is configured to automatically retain the locking pin in the retracted position when the multi-coupling system is in the connected and unlocked state. 2. The multi-coupling system of claim 1, wherein the locking pin assembly includes a knob, and the operating lever is fixed about the knob and the operating lever operates the locking pin assembly by rotating the knob. 3. The multi-coupling system of claim 2, wherein the operating lever is press fit over the knob. 4. The multi-coupling system of claim 1, wherein the operating lever is made of a rigid plastic. 5. The multi-coupling system of claim 1, wherein the operating lever is positioned about the locking pin assembly such that the user can manipulate the handle assembly and the operating lever simultaneously with one hand. 6. The multi-coupling system of claim 1, wherein the operating lever is positionable in a ready position, a locked position, and a detented position, wherein:
in the ready position, the first multi-coupling component and the second multi-coupling component are disengaged and the handle assembly is in a disconnected position; the operating lever is moved from the ready position to the locked position to rotate the pin assembly to lock the first multi-coupling component to the second multi-coupling component; and the operating lever is rotated from the locked position to the detented position for releasing first multi-coupling component and the second multi-coupling component. 7. The multi-coupling system of claim 6, wherein movement of the handle assembly to the disconnected position rotates the operating lever from the detented position back to the ready position. 8. A second multi-coupling component for connecting to a first multi-coupling component in a multi-coupling system, the second multi-coupling component comprising:
a plurality of individual second fluid couplers; a handle assembly that is rotatable to configure the multi-coupling system between a disconnected state and a connected and locked state; a locking pin assembly that is attached to the handle assembly, the locking pin assembly including a locking pin that is moveable in an axial direction between an extended position and a retracted position; an operating lever configured to manipulate the locking pin assembly; and a housing that houses the plurality of individual second fluid couplers, the housing further including a locking pin hole; wherein: in the connected and locked state the locking pin is in the extended position in which a shaft end of the locking pin is located in the locking pin hole, thereby preventing rotation of the handle assembly; the locking pin assembly is manipulated by a user operation of the operating lever to move the locking pin from the extended position to the retracted position out from the locking pin hole to configure the multi-coupling system in a connected and unlocked state in which the handle assembly is rotatable to reconfigure the multi-coupling system to the disconnected state; and the locking pin assembly is configured to automatically retain the locking pin in the retracted position when the multi-coupling system is in the connected and unlocked state. 9. The second multi-coupling component of claim 8, wherein the locking pin assembly includes a knob, and the operating lever is fixed about the knob, and the operating lever operates the locking pin assembly by rotating the knob. 10. The second multi-coupling component of claim 9, wherein the operating lever is press fit over the knob. 11. The second multi-coupling component of claim 8, wherein the operating lever is made of a rigid plastic. 12. The second multi-coupling component of claim 8, wherein the operating lever is positioned about the locking pin assembly such that the user can manipulate the handle assembly and the operating lever simultaneously with one hand. 13. The second multi-coupling component of claim 8, wherein the operating lever is positionable in a ready position, a locked position, and a detented position, wherein:
in the ready position, the first multi-coupling component and the second multi-coupling component are disengaged and the handle assembly is in a disconnected position; the operating lever is moved from the ready position to the locked position to rotate the pin assembly to lock the first multi-coupling component to the second multi-coupling component; and the operating lever is rotated from the locked position to the detented position for releasing first multi-coupling component and the second multi-coupling component. 14. The second multi-coupling component of claim 13, wherein movement of the handle assembly to the disconnected position rotates the operating lever from the detented position back to the ready position. | 3,600 |
338,845 | 16,641,913 | 3,679 | An example power converter device includes a transformer including a primary winding electromagnetically coupled to a secondary winding. The transformer is to receive power at an input voltage and to output power at a selectable output voltage. The device further includes a snubber circuit, a switch to selectively couple the snubber circuit to the transformer, and a switch control circuit to control the switch to couple or decouple the snubber circuit to the transformer based on a selected output voltage of the transformer. | 1. A power converter device comprising:
a transformer including a primary winding electromagnetically coupled to a secondary winding, the transformer to receive power at an input voltage and to output power at a selectable output voltage; a snubber circuit; a switch to selectively couple the snubber circuit to the transformer; and a switch control circuit to control the switch to couple or decouple the snubber circuit to the transformer based on a selected output voltage of the transformer. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the switch control circuit comprises a switch winding electromagnetically coupled to the secondary winding. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the switch control circuit further comprises a capacitor in parallel with the switch winding and a Zener diode connected to the capacitor, the Zener diode connected to the switch to turn on the switch to couple the snubber circuit to the transformer during breakdown. 4. The device of claim 2, wherein a turn ratio of the switch winding to the secondary winding defines a threshold voltage, wherein when the selected output voltage exceeds the threshold voltage the snubber circuit is coupled to the transformer. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the switch is in series with the snubber circuit. 6. A power adaptor comprising:
a transformer including a primary winding electromagnetically coupled to a secondary winding, the transformer to receive power at an input voltage and to output power at an output voltage; a snubber circuit; and a switch to couple the snubber circuit to the transformer, the switch electromagnetically coupled to the secondary winding of the transformer to selectively enable and disable the snubber circuit based on the output voltage as delivered by the secondary winding. 7. The power adaptor of claim 6, further comprising a switch winding coupled to the switch, the switch winding electromagnetically coupled to the secondary winding of the transformer, the switch winding to sense the output voltage to control the switch. 8. The power adaptor of claim 7, wherein the switch winding defines a threshold voltage, and the switch is controlled to enable the snubber circuit when the output voltage exceeds the threshold voltage. 9. The power adaptor of claim 8, wherein the switch is controlled to disable the snubber circuit when the output voltage does not exceed the threshold voltage. 10. The power adaptor of claim 9, further comprising a capacitor in parallel with the switch winding and a Zener diode connected to the capacitor, the Zener diode to control the switch to enable the snubber circuit during breakdown. 11. The power adaptor of claim 6, wherein the switch is in series with the snubber circuit. 12. A system comprising:
a power adaptor including:
a transformer to receive power at an input voltage and to output power at a selectable output voltage;
a snubber circuit; and
a switch to couple the snubber circuit to the transformer, the switch electromagnetically coupled to a winding of the transformer to selectively enable and disable the snubber circuit based on the output voltage as provided by the winding; and
a computer device to connect to the power adaptor to receive the output power from the adaptor, the computer device including a power controller to provide a request signal to the power adaptor to select the output voltage. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the power adaptor is responsive to the request signal to provide the output voltage as indicated by the request signal. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the power adaptor further comprises a switch winding coupled to the switch, the switch winding electromagnetically coupled to the winding of the transformer, the switch winding to sense the output voltage to control the switch. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the computer device further comprises a cell to be charged by the power adaptor. | An example power converter device includes a transformer including a primary winding electromagnetically coupled to a secondary winding. The transformer is to receive power at an input voltage and to output power at a selectable output voltage. The device further includes a snubber circuit, a switch to selectively couple the snubber circuit to the transformer, and a switch control circuit to control the switch to couple or decouple the snubber circuit to the transformer based on a selected output voltage of the transformer.1. A power converter device comprising:
a transformer including a primary winding electromagnetically coupled to a secondary winding, the transformer to receive power at an input voltage and to output power at a selectable output voltage; a snubber circuit; a switch to selectively couple the snubber circuit to the transformer; and a switch control circuit to control the switch to couple or decouple the snubber circuit to the transformer based on a selected output voltage of the transformer. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the switch control circuit comprises a switch winding electromagnetically coupled to the secondary winding. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the switch control circuit further comprises a capacitor in parallel with the switch winding and a Zener diode connected to the capacitor, the Zener diode connected to the switch to turn on the switch to couple the snubber circuit to the transformer during breakdown. 4. The device of claim 2, wherein a turn ratio of the switch winding to the secondary winding defines a threshold voltage, wherein when the selected output voltage exceeds the threshold voltage the snubber circuit is coupled to the transformer. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the switch is in series with the snubber circuit. 6. A power adaptor comprising:
a transformer including a primary winding electromagnetically coupled to a secondary winding, the transformer to receive power at an input voltage and to output power at an output voltage; a snubber circuit; and a switch to couple the snubber circuit to the transformer, the switch electromagnetically coupled to the secondary winding of the transformer to selectively enable and disable the snubber circuit based on the output voltage as delivered by the secondary winding. 7. The power adaptor of claim 6, further comprising a switch winding coupled to the switch, the switch winding electromagnetically coupled to the secondary winding of the transformer, the switch winding to sense the output voltage to control the switch. 8. The power adaptor of claim 7, wherein the switch winding defines a threshold voltage, and the switch is controlled to enable the snubber circuit when the output voltage exceeds the threshold voltage. 9. The power adaptor of claim 8, wherein the switch is controlled to disable the snubber circuit when the output voltage does not exceed the threshold voltage. 10. The power adaptor of claim 9, further comprising a capacitor in parallel with the switch winding and a Zener diode connected to the capacitor, the Zener diode to control the switch to enable the snubber circuit during breakdown. 11. The power adaptor of claim 6, wherein the switch is in series with the snubber circuit. 12. A system comprising:
a power adaptor including:
a transformer to receive power at an input voltage and to output power at a selectable output voltage;
a snubber circuit; and
a switch to couple the snubber circuit to the transformer, the switch electromagnetically coupled to a winding of the transformer to selectively enable and disable the snubber circuit based on the output voltage as provided by the winding; and
a computer device to connect to the power adaptor to receive the output power from the adaptor, the computer device including a power controller to provide a request signal to the power adaptor to select the output voltage. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the power adaptor is responsive to the request signal to provide the output voltage as indicated by the request signal. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the power adaptor further comprises a switch winding coupled to the switch, the switch winding electromagnetically coupled to the winding of the transformer, the switch winding to sense the output voltage to control the switch. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the computer device further comprises a cell to be charged by the power adaptor. | 3,600 |
338,846 | 16,641,893 | 3,679 | A transformer oil basestock is disclosed that includes at least 99 wt % of naphthenes and paraffins, based on the total weight of the transformer oil basestock, wherein the weight ratio of naphthenes to paraffins is at least 1, as measured by GC-MS, and wherein the paraffins consist essentially of isoparaffins, as determined by GC-FID. In addition, a transformer oil composition is disclosed that includes the transformer oil basestock, an anti-gassing agent and an antioxidant. | 1. A transformer oil basestock comprising at least 99 wt % of naphthenes and paraffins, based on the total weight of the transformer oil basestock, wherein the weight ratio of naphthenes to paraffins is at least 1, as measured by GC-MS, and wherein the paraffins consist essentially of isoparaffins, as determined by GC-FID. 2. The transformer oil basestock of claim 1, further comprising from 50 to 80 wt % naphthenes and from 20 to 50 wt % paraffins, based on the total weight of the transformer oil basestock, as measured by GC-MS, and no more than 1 wt % total aromatics, based on the total weight of the transformer oil basestock, as measured by ASTM D7419, in particular wherein the weight ratio of naphthenes to paraffins is from greater than 1.0 to 4.0. 3. The transformer oil basestock of claim 1, comprising a % CN of from 20 to 50%, a % CP of from 50 to 80%, and a % CA of less than 1%, based on the total weight of the transformer oil basestock and as measured by ASTM D2140. 4. The transformer oil basestock of claim 1, having at least one of the following properties:
(i) an initial boiling point (IBP) of at least 280° C., a final boiling point (FBP) of at most 380° C., a distillation range as defined by (FBP-IBP) of at most 100° C., and a distillation range as defined by (T90-T10) of at most 60° C., as measured by ASTM D86; (ii) a flash point of at least 145° C., as measured by ASTM D92; (iii) a pour point of at most −40° C., as measured by ASTM D97; (iv) a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from 1 to 3 mm2/s, as measured by ASTM D445; (v) a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of from 4 to 12 mm2/s, as measured by ASTM D445; (vi) a viscosity index (VI) of at least 80, as calculated based on ASTM D2270; (vii) a specific gravity (or relative density) at 15.6° C. of at most 0.91, as measured by ASTM D1298; and (viii) an aniline point of at least 80° C., as measured by ASTM D611. 5. The transformer oil basestock of claim 1, wherein the transformer oil basestock is derived by one or more processes selected from the group consisting of hydrodemetallization, hydrotreating, hydrodewaxing, hydrofinishing, and fractionation of a feedstock, preferably wherein the feedstock is a vacuum gas oil feedstock. 6. A transformer oil composition, comprising:
the transformer oil basestock of any one of claims 1 to 5; an anti-gassing agent; and an antioxidant. 7. The transformer oil composition of claim 6, further comprising a gassing tendency at 80° C. of less than 0 □L/min., preferably of less than −400□□L/min., as measured by ASTM D2300. 8. The transformer oil composition of claim 6, wherein the anti-gassing agent is selected from the group consisting of alkyl benzenes, alkyl naphthalenes, and alkyl substituted or unsubstituted, partially saturated polyring aromatics, preferably from the group consisting of Aromatic 200 fluid (A200), Naphthalene Depleted Aromatic 200 fluid (A200 ND), Ultra Low Naphthalene Aromatic 200 fluid (A200 ULN), Solvesso 200 fluid (SV200), and Naphthalene Depleted Solvesso 200 fluid (SV200 ND). 9. The transformer oil composition of claim 6, wherein the anti-gassing agent comprises at most 6 wt %, by weight of the transformer oil composition. 10. The transformer oil composition of claim 6, wherein the antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of hindered phenols, cinnamate type phenolic esters, alkylated diphenylamines, and combinations thereof. 11. The transformer oil composition of claim 6, further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of pour point depressants, metal deactivators, metal passivators, anti-foaming agents, markers, biocides, antistatic additives, and combinations thereof, preferably wherein the transformer oil composition does not include a pour point depressant. 12. The transformer oil composition of claim 6, having at least one of the following properties:
(i) a flash point of at least 145° C., as measured by ASTM D92; (ii) a pour point of at most −40° C., as measured by ASTM D97; (iii) a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from 1 to 3 mm2/s, as measured by ASTM D445; (iv) a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of from 4 to 12 mm2/s, as measured by ASTM D445; (v) a kinematic viscosity at 0° C. of from 10 to 76 mm2/s, as measured by ASTM D445; (vi) a kinematic viscosity at −30° C. of from 200 to 500 mm2/s, as measured by ASTM D445; (vii) a kinematic viscosity at −40° C. of from 500 to 3,000 mm2/s, as measured by ASTM D445; (viii) a specific gravity at 15.6° C. of at most 0.91, as measured by ASTM D1298; (ix) an aniline point of at least 80° C., as measured by ASTM D611; (x) an oxidation stability of at most 0.1 wt % of sludge after 72 h, as measured by ASTM D2440; (xi) an oxidation stability of at most 0.2 wt % of sludge after 164 h, as measured by ASTM D2440; and (xii) an oxidation stability of at least 300 minutes, as measured by ASTM D2112. 13. A method of preparing a transformer oil composition according to claim 6, the method comprising:
combining a transformer oil basestock according to any one of claims 1 to 5, an anti-gassing agent, and an antioxidant. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the anti-gassing agent is selected from the group consisting of alkyl benzenes, alkyl naphthalenes, and alkyl substituted or unsubstituted, partially saturated polyring aromatics, preferably from the group consisting of Aromatic 200 fluid (A200), Naphthalene Depleted Aromatic 200 fluid (A200 ND), Ultra Low Naphthalene Aromatic 200 fluid (A200 ULN), Solvesso 200 fluid (SV200), and Naphthalene Depleted Solvesso 200 fluid (SV200 ND). 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of hindered phenols, cinnamate type phenolic esters, alkylated diphenylamines, and combinations thereof. | A transformer oil basestock is disclosed that includes at least 99 wt % of naphthenes and paraffins, based on the total weight of the transformer oil basestock, wherein the weight ratio of naphthenes to paraffins is at least 1, as measured by GC-MS, and wherein the paraffins consist essentially of isoparaffins, as determined by GC-FID. In addition, a transformer oil composition is disclosed that includes the transformer oil basestock, an anti-gassing agent and an antioxidant.1. A transformer oil basestock comprising at least 99 wt % of naphthenes and paraffins, based on the total weight of the transformer oil basestock, wherein the weight ratio of naphthenes to paraffins is at least 1, as measured by GC-MS, and wherein the paraffins consist essentially of isoparaffins, as determined by GC-FID. 2. The transformer oil basestock of claim 1, further comprising from 50 to 80 wt % naphthenes and from 20 to 50 wt % paraffins, based on the total weight of the transformer oil basestock, as measured by GC-MS, and no more than 1 wt % total aromatics, based on the total weight of the transformer oil basestock, as measured by ASTM D7419, in particular wherein the weight ratio of naphthenes to paraffins is from greater than 1.0 to 4.0. 3. The transformer oil basestock of claim 1, comprising a % CN of from 20 to 50%, a % CP of from 50 to 80%, and a % CA of less than 1%, based on the total weight of the transformer oil basestock and as measured by ASTM D2140. 4. The transformer oil basestock of claim 1, having at least one of the following properties:
(i) an initial boiling point (IBP) of at least 280° C., a final boiling point (FBP) of at most 380° C., a distillation range as defined by (FBP-IBP) of at most 100° C., and a distillation range as defined by (T90-T10) of at most 60° C., as measured by ASTM D86; (ii) a flash point of at least 145° C., as measured by ASTM D92; (iii) a pour point of at most −40° C., as measured by ASTM D97; (iv) a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from 1 to 3 mm2/s, as measured by ASTM D445; (v) a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of from 4 to 12 mm2/s, as measured by ASTM D445; (vi) a viscosity index (VI) of at least 80, as calculated based on ASTM D2270; (vii) a specific gravity (or relative density) at 15.6° C. of at most 0.91, as measured by ASTM D1298; and (viii) an aniline point of at least 80° C., as measured by ASTM D611. 5. The transformer oil basestock of claim 1, wherein the transformer oil basestock is derived by one or more processes selected from the group consisting of hydrodemetallization, hydrotreating, hydrodewaxing, hydrofinishing, and fractionation of a feedstock, preferably wherein the feedstock is a vacuum gas oil feedstock. 6. A transformer oil composition, comprising:
the transformer oil basestock of any one of claims 1 to 5; an anti-gassing agent; and an antioxidant. 7. The transformer oil composition of claim 6, further comprising a gassing tendency at 80° C. of less than 0 □L/min., preferably of less than −400□□L/min., as measured by ASTM D2300. 8. The transformer oil composition of claim 6, wherein the anti-gassing agent is selected from the group consisting of alkyl benzenes, alkyl naphthalenes, and alkyl substituted or unsubstituted, partially saturated polyring aromatics, preferably from the group consisting of Aromatic 200 fluid (A200), Naphthalene Depleted Aromatic 200 fluid (A200 ND), Ultra Low Naphthalene Aromatic 200 fluid (A200 ULN), Solvesso 200 fluid (SV200), and Naphthalene Depleted Solvesso 200 fluid (SV200 ND). 9. The transformer oil composition of claim 6, wherein the anti-gassing agent comprises at most 6 wt %, by weight of the transformer oil composition. 10. The transformer oil composition of claim 6, wherein the antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of hindered phenols, cinnamate type phenolic esters, alkylated diphenylamines, and combinations thereof. 11. The transformer oil composition of claim 6, further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of pour point depressants, metal deactivators, metal passivators, anti-foaming agents, markers, biocides, antistatic additives, and combinations thereof, preferably wherein the transformer oil composition does not include a pour point depressant. 12. The transformer oil composition of claim 6, having at least one of the following properties:
(i) a flash point of at least 145° C., as measured by ASTM D92; (ii) a pour point of at most −40° C., as measured by ASTM D97; (iii) a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of from 1 to 3 mm2/s, as measured by ASTM D445; (iv) a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of from 4 to 12 mm2/s, as measured by ASTM D445; (v) a kinematic viscosity at 0° C. of from 10 to 76 mm2/s, as measured by ASTM D445; (vi) a kinematic viscosity at −30° C. of from 200 to 500 mm2/s, as measured by ASTM D445; (vii) a kinematic viscosity at −40° C. of from 500 to 3,000 mm2/s, as measured by ASTM D445; (viii) a specific gravity at 15.6° C. of at most 0.91, as measured by ASTM D1298; (ix) an aniline point of at least 80° C., as measured by ASTM D611; (x) an oxidation stability of at most 0.1 wt % of sludge after 72 h, as measured by ASTM D2440; (xi) an oxidation stability of at most 0.2 wt % of sludge after 164 h, as measured by ASTM D2440; and (xii) an oxidation stability of at least 300 minutes, as measured by ASTM D2112. 13. A method of preparing a transformer oil composition according to claim 6, the method comprising:
combining a transformer oil basestock according to any one of claims 1 to 5, an anti-gassing agent, and an antioxidant. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the anti-gassing agent is selected from the group consisting of alkyl benzenes, alkyl naphthalenes, and alkyl substituted or unsubstituted, partially saturated polyring aromatics, preferably from the group consisting of Aromatic 200 fluid (A200), Naphthalene Depleted Aromatic 200 fluid (A200 ND), Ultra Low Naphthalene Aromatic 200 fluid (A200 ULN), Solvesso 200 fluid (SV200), and Naphthalene Depleted Solvesso 200 fluid (SV200 ND). 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of hindered phenols, cinnamate type phenolic esters, alkylated diphenylamines, and combinations thereof. | 3,600 |
338,847 | 16,641,904 | 3,679 | An apparatus including a host system is provided. The apparatus includes a peripheral device in communication with the host system. The apparatus also includes a programmable memory unit within the peripheral device. The programmable memory unit is to receive a configuration profile from the host system. The configuration profile is to re-configure as an embedded device. In addition, the apparatus includes a power delivery system to provide power to the programmable memory unit and to provide power to an accessory of the peripheral device separately. The power delivery system provides power to the programmable memory unit to allow re-configuration of the peripheral device as the embedded device. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a host system; a peripheral device in communication with the host system; a programmable memory unit within the peripheral device, wherein the programmable memory unit is to receive a configuration profile from the host system, the configuration profile to re-configure as an embedded device; and a power delivery system to provide power to the programmable memory unit and to provide power to an accessory of the peripheral device separately, wherein the power delivery system provides power to the programmable memory unit to allow re-configuration of the peripheral device as the embedded device. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the peripheral device includes a first power rail to provide power to the programmable memory unit and a second power rail to provide power to the accessory. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first power rail is to be turned on to allow the programmable memory unit to receive the configuration profile when the second power rail is turned off. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the second power rail is to be turned on to boot the peripheral device as the embedded device. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the peripheral device is a network interface. 6. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium encoded with instructions executable by a processor, the non-transitory machine-readable storage medium comprising:
instructions to direct power solely to a programmable memory unit of a peripheral device; instructions to send a configuration profile from a host system to the programmable memory unit for storage; instructions to re-configure the peripheral device as an embedded device of a host system; and instructions to direct power to the peripheral device completely from a power delivery system such that the peripheral device functions as the embedded device of the host system. 7. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 6, wherein the instructions to direct power solely to a programmable memory unit uses a first power rail to provide power to the programmable memory unit. 8. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the instructions to direct power to the peripheral device completely uses the first power rail and a second power rail to provide power to an accessory. 9. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 8, comprising instructions to turn on the first power rail for a predetermined period of time prior to use of the second power rail to provide power. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the predetermined period of time is sufficient to re-configure the peripheral device. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 10, comprising instructions to boot the peripheral device as the embedded device. 12. A method comprising:
directing power with a first power rail to a programmable memory unit of a peripheral device; sending a configuration profile from a host system to the programmable memory unit for storage; re-configuring the peripheral device as an embedded device of a host system; and directing power with a second power rail to an accessory of the peripheral device such that the peripheral device functions as the embedded device of the host system. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising controlling the first power rail and the second power rail via a power delivery system. 14. The method of claim 13, comprising activating the first power rail for a predetermined period of time prior to activation of the second power rail. 15. The method of claim 13, comprising re-configuring the peripheral device during a period of time. | An apparatus including a host system is provided. The apparatus includes a peripheral device in communication with the host system. The apparatus also includes a programmable memory unit within the peripheral device. The programmable memory unit is to receive a configuration profile from the host system. The configuration profile is to re-configure as an embedded device. In addition, the apparatus includes a power delivery system to provide power to the programmable memory unit and to provide power to an accessory of the peripheral device separately. The power delivery system provides power to the programmable memory unit to allow re-configuration of the peripheral device as the embedded device.1. An apparatus comprising:
a host system; a peripheral device in communication with the host system; a programmable memory unit within the peripheral device, wherein the programmable memory unit is to receive a configuration profile from the host system, the configuration profile to re-configure as an embedded device; and a power delivery system to provide power to the programmable memory unit and to provide power to an accessory of the peripheral device separately, wherein the power delivery system provides power to the programmable memory unit to allow re-configuration of the peripheral device as the embedded device. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the peripheral device includes a first power rail to provide power to the programmable memory unit and a second power rail to provide power to the accessory. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first power rail is to be turned on to allow the programmable memory unit to receive the configuration profile when the second power rail is turned off. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the second power rail is to be turned on to boot the peripheral device as the embedded device. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the peripheral device is a network interface. 6. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium encoded with instructions executable by a processor, the non-transitory machine-readable storage medium comprising:
instructions to direct power solely to a programmable memory unit of a peripheral device; instructions to send a configuration profile from a host system to the programmable memory unit for storage; instructions to re-configure the peripheral device as an embedded device of a host system; and instructions to direct power to the peripheral device completely from a power delivery system such that the peripheral device functions as the embedded device of the host system. 7. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 6, wherein the instructions to direct power solely to a programmable memory unit uses a first power rail to provide power to the programmable memory unit. 8. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the instructions to direct power to the peripheral device completely uses the first power rail and a second power rail to provide power to an accessory. 9. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 8, comprising instructions to turn on the first power rail for a predetermined period of time prior to use of the second power rail to provide power. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the predetermined period of time is sufficient to re-configure the peripheral device. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 10, comprising instructions to boot the peripheral device as the embedded device. 12. A method comprising:
directing power with a first power rail to a programmable memory unit of a peripheral device; sending a configuration profile from a host system to the programmable memory unit for storage; re-configuring the peripheral device as an embedded device of a host system; and directing power with a second power rail to an accessory of the peripheral device such that the peripheral device functions as the embedded device of the host system. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising controlling the first power rail and the second power rail via a power delivery system. 14. The method of claim 13, comprising activating the first power rail for a predetermined period of time prior to activation of the second power rail. 15. The method of claim 13, comprising re-configuring the peripheral device during a period of time. | 3,600 |
338,848 | 16,641,875 | 3,679 | A vehicle includes: a traveling driving system configured to execute traveling of an own vehicle; a non-traveling-application providing unit configured to provide a passenger with an application other than the traveling of the own vehicle; and a control unit. The control unit includes: inquiry means for inquiring a usage application of the own vehicle to the passenger when it is detected that the passenger gets into the own vehicle, the usage application including a traveling application and the application other than traveling of the own vehicle; non-traveling-application providing unit activating means for activating the non-traveling-application providing unit in a case where the application other than traveling is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means; and traveling driving system activating means for activating the traveling driving system in a case where the traveling application is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means. | 1. A vehicle comprising: a traveling driving system configured to execute traveling of an own vehicle; a non-traveling-application providing unit configured to provide a passenger with an application other than traveling of the own vehicle; and a control unit, wherein the control unit includes:
inquiry means for inquiring a usage application of the own vehicle to the passenger when it is detected that the passenger gets into the own vehicle, the usage application including a traveling application and the application other than traveling of the own vehicle; non-traveling-application providing unit activating means for activating the non-traveling-application providing unit in a case where the application other than traveling is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means; and traveling driving system activating means for activating the traveling driving system in a case where the traveling application is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means. 2. The vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising: a driving source configured to drive at least the non-traveling-application providing unit; a driving source remaining amount detecting unit configured to detect a remaining amount of the driving source; and a plurality of the non-traveling-application providing units configured to receive electric power supply from the driving source to be driven, wherein only the non-traveling-application providing unit, which is allowed to be provided with the remaining amount of the driving source detected by the driving source remaining amount detecting unit, is presented in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means. 3. The vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising: a driving source configured to drive at least the non-traveling-application providing unit; and a driving source remaining amount detecting unit configured to detect a remaining amount of the driving source, wherein the non-traveling-application providing unit is configured to receive electric power supply from the driving source to be driven, and wherein the inquiry by the inquiry means includes an available time of the non-traveling-application providing unit based on the remaining amount of the driving source detected by the driving source remaining amount detecting unit. 4. The vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of the non-traveling-application providing units; and a first non-traveling-application history storing unit configured to store a usage history of each of the non-traveling-application providing units, wherein the plurality of the non-traveling-application providing units is presented with a presentation mode based on the usage history of the non-traveling-application history storing unit in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means. 5. The vehicle according to claim 4, further comprising: identifying means configured to identify the passenger, wherein the usage history is stored for each of the passengers identified by the identifying means in the non-traveling-application history storing unit, and wherein the plurality of the non-traveling-application providing units is presented with a presentation mode based on the usage history of the non-traveling-application history storing unit for the identified passenger in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means. 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. The vehicle according to claim 4, wherein at least one of date, day of week, or time when the non-traveling-application providing unit is used is also stored in the non-traveling-application history storing unit, and wherein the inquiry means refers to the non-traveling-application history storing unit on a basis of at least one of date, day of week, or time when the inquiry is executed; detects a habitual usage application related to the at least one of date, day of week, or time when the inquiry is executed as the presentation mode based on the usage history; and is associated with presentation by the non-traveling-application providing unit by using a detection result, the presentation being recommended in the at least one of date, day of week, or time when the inquiry is executed. 9. The vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising: identifying means configured to identify the passenger;
and an attribute information storing unit configured to store attribute information of the passenger associated with identification information of the passenger, wherein the inquiry means obtains, from the attribute information storing unit, the attribute information of the passenger identified by the identifying means to execute presentation of the non-traveling-application providing unit in accordance with the obtained attribute information, the presentation being to be recommended. 10. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle is provided with an automatic driving mode in which autonomous traveling is carried out, wherein the vehicle further comprises:
destination obtaining means for inquiring a destination to the passenger to obtain information on the destination in a case where the traveling application is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means, and wherein the traveling driving system activating means waits for the activation instruction from the passenger to activate the traveling driving system after the destination obtaining means obtains the destination. 11. The vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising: a traveling-application history storing unit configured to store a usage history in the traveling application; and means for presenting, as a destination candidate, a destination selected based on the usage history by the traveling-application history storing unit in a case where the traveling application is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means. 12. The vehicle according to claim 10, further comprising: identifying means configured to identify the passenger, wherein a usage history on the traveling application is stored for each of the passengers identified by the identifying means in a traveling-application history storing unit, and wherein the vehicle further comprises: means for presenting a destination as a destination candidate in a case where the traveling application is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means, the destination being selected based on the usage history of the traveling-application history storing unit for the passenger. 13. (canceled) 14. The vehicle according to claim 11, wherein at least one of date, day of week, or time when the traveling application is used is also stored in the traveling-application history storing unit, and wherein the inquiry means refers to the traveling-application history storing unit on a basis of at least one of date, day of week, or time when the inquiry is executed;
detects, as a presentation mode based on the usage history, habitual usage application related to the at least one of date, day of week, or time when the inquiry is executed; and executes presentation of the traveling application by using a detection result, the presentation being recommended in the at least one of date, day of week, or time when the inquiry is executed. 15. The vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising: means for inquiring of the passenger whether a destination is decided or not in a case where the traveling application is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means, and obtaining information on the destination in a case where a response that the destination is decided is obtained. 16. The vehicle according to claim 15, further comprising: means for presenting a list of location attributes in a case where a response that the destination is not defined, the location attributes becoming candidates of the destination. 17. The vehicle according to claim 15, wherein designation for a traveling time or a traveling end time is allowed to be received from the passenger in a case where a response that the destination is not defined. 18. The vehicle according to claim 15, further comprising: a traveling-application history storing unit configured to store a usage history on the traveling application; and means for executing any of a process when a destination is defined by the passenger selecting the destination on a basis of the usage history of the traveling-application history storing unit and a process when the destination is not defined, before whether a destination is defined or not is inquired of the passenger in a case where the traveling application is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means. 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) 21. The vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising: means for detecting at least one of the number of passengers or a constitution of the passengers, wherein the inquiry means executes inquiry about the usage application of the own vehicle in accordance with at least one of the detected number of passengers or the detected constitution of the passengers. 22. The vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising: informing means for informing an outside whether the own vehicle is providing the traveling application or the application other than traveling. 23. The automatic driving vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising: wireless communication means, wherein in a case where the wireless communication means receives an emergency disaster report, an emergency disaster application is selected as the usage application of the own vehicle, the emergency disaster report including an emergency earthquake report, tsunami advisory or tsunami warning, flood advisory or flood warning of a river, advisory or warning of a landslide, and eruption advisory or eruption warning of a volcano. 24. A program for a vehicle, the vehicle comprising: a traveling driving system configured to execute traveling of an own vehicle; a non-traveling-application providing unit configured to provide a passenger with an application other than traveling of the own vehicle; and a control unit, the program causing a computer constituting the control unit to serve as: inquiry means for inquiring a usage application of the own vehicle to the passenger when it is detected that the passenger gets into the own vehicle, the usage application including a traveling application and the application other than traveling of the own vehicle;
non-traveling-application providing unit activating means for activating the non-traveling-application providing unit in a case where the application other than traveling is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means; and traveling driving system activating means for activating the traveling driving system in a case where the traveling application is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means. 25. The program for the vehicle according to claim 24, wherein the vehicle includes an automatic driving mode for executing autonomous traveling, wherein the program causes the computer to serve as: destination obtaining means for inquiring a destination of the passenger and obtaining information on the destination in a case where the traveling application is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means, and wherein the traveling driving system activating means waits for the activation instruction from the passenger to activate the traveling driving system after the destination is obtained by the destination obtaining means. | A vehicle includes: a traveling driving system configured to execute traveling of an own vehicle; a non-traveling-application providing unit configured to provide a passenger with an application other than the traveling of the own vehicle; and a control unit. The control unit includes: inquiry means for inquiring a usage application of the own vehicle to the passenger when it is detected that the passenger gets into the own vehicle, the usage application including a traveling application and the application other than traveling of the own vehicle; non-traveling-application providing unit activating means for activating the non-traveling-application providing unit in a case where the application other than traveling is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means; and traveling driving system activating means for activating the traveling driving system in a case where the traveling application is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means.1. A vehicle comprising: a traveling driving system configured to execute traveling of an own vehicle; a non-traveling-application providing unit configured to provide a passenger with an application other than traveling of the own vehicle; and a control unit, wherein the control unit includes:
inquiry means for inquiring a usage application of the own vehicle to the passenger when it is detected that the passenger gets into the own vehicle, the usage application including a traveling application and the application other than traveling of the own vehicle; non-traveling-application providing unit activating means for activating the non-traveling-application providing unit in a case where the application other than traveling is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means; and traveling driving system activating means for activating the traveling driving system in a case where the traveling application is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means. 2. The vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising: a driving source configured to drive at least the non-traveling-application providing unit; a driving source remaining amount detecting unit configured to detect a remaining amount of the driving source; and a plurality of the non-traveling-application providing units configured to receive electric power supply from the driving source to be driven, wherein only the non-traveling-application providing unit, which is allowed to be provided with the remaining amount of the driving source detected by the driving source remaining amount detecting unit, is presented in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means. 3. The vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising: a driving source configured to drive at least the non-traveling-application providing unit; and a driving source remaining amount detecting unit configured to detect a remaining amount of the driving source, wherein the non-traveling-application providing unit is configured to receive electric power supply from the driving source to be driven, and wherein the inquiry by the inquiry means includes an available time of the non-traveling-application providing unit based on the remaining amount of the driving source detected by the driving source remaining amount detecting unit. 4. The vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of the non-traveling-application providing units; and a first non-traveling-application history storing unit configured to store a usage history of each of the non-traveling-application providing units, wherein the plurality of the non-traveling-application providing units is presented with a presentation mode based on the usage history of the non-traveling-application history storing unit in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means. 5. The vehicle according to claim 4, further comprising: identifying means configured to identify the passenger, wherein the usage history is stored for each of the passengers identified by the identifying means in the non-traveling-application history storing unit, and wherein the plurality of the non-traveling-application providing units is presented with a presentation mode based on the usage history of the non-traveling-application history storing unit for the identified passenger in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means. 6. (canceled) 7. (canceled) 8. The vehicle according to claim 4, wherein at least one of date, day of week, or time when the non-traveling-application providing unit is used is also stored in the non-traveling-application history storing unit, and wherein the inquiry means refers to the non-traveling-application history storing unit on a basis of at least one of date, day of week, or time when the inquiry is executed; detects a habitual usage application related to the at least one of date, day of week, or time when the inquiry is executed as the presentation mode based on the usage history; and is associated with presentation by the non-traveling-application providing unit by using a detection result, the presentation being recommended in the at least one of date, day of week, or time when the inquiry is executed. 9. The vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising: identifying means configured to identify the passenger;
and an attribute information storing unit configured to store attribute information of the passenger associated with identification information of the passenger, wherein the inquiry means obtains, from the attribute information storing unit, the attribute information of the passenger identified by the identifying means to execute presentation of the non-traveling-application providing unit in accordance with the obtained attribute information, the presentation being to be recommended. 10. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle is provided with an automatic driving mode in which autonomous traveling is carried out, wherein the vehicle further comprises:
destination obtaining means for inquiring a destination to the passenger to obtain information on the destination in a case where the traveling application is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means, and wherein the traveling driving system activating means waits for the activation instruction from the passenger to activate the traveling driving system after the destination obtaining means obtains the destination. 11. The vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising: a traveling-application history storing unit configured to store a usage history in the traveling application; and means for presenting, as a destination candidate, a destination selected based on the usage history by the traveling-application history storing unit in a case where the traveling application is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means. 12. The vehicle according to claim 10, further comprising: identifying means configured to identify the passenger, wherein a usage history on the traveling application is stored for each of the passengers identified by the identifying means in a traveling-application history storing unit, and wherein the vehicle further comprises: means for presenting a destination as a destination candidate in a case where the traveling application is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means, the destination being selected based on the usage history of the traveling-application history storing unit for the passenger. 13. (canceled) 14. The vehicle according to claim 11, wherein at least one of date, day of week, or time when the traveling application is used is also stored in the traveling-application history storing unit, and wherein the inquiry means refers to the traveling-application history storing unit on a basis of at least one of date, day of week, or time when the inquiry is executed;
detects, as a presentation mode based on the usage history, habitual usage application related to the at least one of date, day of week, or time when the inquiry is executed; and executes presentation of the traveling application by using a detection result, the presentation being recommended in the at least one of date, day of week, or time when the inquiry is executed. 15. The vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising: means for inquiring of the passenger whether a destination is decided or not in a case where the traveling application is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means, and obtaining information on the destination in a case where a response that the destination is decided is obtained. 16. The vehicle according to claim 15, further comprising: means for presenting a list of location attributes in a case where a response that the destination is not defined, the location attributes becoming candidates of the destination. 17. The vehicle according to claim 15, wherein designation for a traveling time or a traveling end time is allowed to be received from the passenger in a case where a response that the destination is not defined. 18. The vehicle according to claim 15, further comprising: a traveling-application history storing unit configured to store a usage history on the traveling application; and means for executing any of a process when a destination is defined by the passenger selecting the destination on a basis of the usage history of the traveling-application history storing unit and a process when the destination is not defined, before whether a destination is defined or not is inquired of the passenger in a case where the traveling application is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means. 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) 21. The vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising: means for detecting at least one of the number of passengers or a constitution of the passengers, wherein the inquiry means executes inquiry about the usage application of the own vehicle in accordance with at least one of the detected number of passengers or the detected constitution of the passengers. 22. The vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising: informing means for informing an outside whether the own vehicle is providing the traveling application or the application other than traveling. 23. The automatic driving vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising: wireless communication means, wherein in a case where the wireless communication means receives an emergency disaster report, an emergency disaster application is selected as the usage application of the own vehicle, the emergency disaster report including an emergency earthquake report, tsunami advisory or tsunami warning, flood advisory or flood warning of a river, advisory or warning of a landslide, and eruption advisory or eruption warning of a volcano. 24. A program for a vehicle, the vehicle comprising: a traveling driving system configured to execute traveling of an own vehicle; a non-traveling-application providing unit configured to provide a passenger with an application other than traveling of the own vehicle; and a control unit, the program causing a computer constituting the control unit to serve as: inquiry means for inquiring a usage application of the own vehicle to the passenger when it is detected that the passenger gets into the own vehicle, the usage application including a traveling application and the application other than traveling of the own vehicle;
non-traveling-application providing unit activating means for activating the non-traveling-application providing unit in a case where the application other than traveling is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means; and traveling driving system activating means for activating the traveling driving system in a case where the traveling application is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means. 25. The program for the vehicle according to claim 24, wherein the vehicle includes an automatic driving mode for executing autonomous traveling, wherein the program causes the computer to serve as: destination obtaining means for inquiring a destination of the passenger and obtaining information on the destination in a case where the traveling application is selected in response to the inquiry by the inquiry means, and wherein the traveling driving system activating means waits for the activation instruction from the passenger to activate the traveling driving system after the destination is obtained by the destination obtaining means. | 3,600 |
338,849 | 16,641,900 | 3,679 | A luminaire (1) for mounting on a pole is disclosed. The luminaire (1) comprises: a lighting unit (17); a driver compartment (8) housing a driver (9) electrically connected to the lighting unit (17); and a pole compartment (3) adapted to receive an end portion of the pole, the pole compartment (3) extending along a longitudinal axis (L) along which said end portion is arranged when received by the pole compartment (3), wherein the pole compartment (3) and the driver compartment (5) are arranged adjacent to each other in a direction (D) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L), and wherein the driver compartment (8) and the lighting unit (17) are arranged at a distance from each other along the longitudinal axis (L). A street lamp comprising the luminaire (1) is also disclosed. | 1. A luminaire for mounting on a pole, comprising:
a lighting unit; a driver compartment housing a driver electrically connected to the lighting unit; and a pole compartment adapted to receive an end portion of the pole, the pole compartment extending along a longitudinal axis (L) along which said end portion is arranged when received by the pole compartment, wherein the pole compartment and the driver compartment are arranged adjacent to each other in a direction (D) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L), and wherein the driver compartment and the lighting unit are arranged at a distance from each other along the longitudinal axis (L), wherein the lighting unit and the driver compartment are arranged on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis (L). 2. The luminaire according to claim 1, wherein the lighting unit is arranged to be rotatable about a rotation axis (R), the rotation axis (R) being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L) and to said direction (D). 3. The luminaire according to claim 2, further comprising a redirection module arranged between the lighting unit and the driver compartment along the longitudinal axis (L), wherein the lighting unit is mounted to the redirection module so as to be rotatable about the rotation axis (R). 4. The luminaire according to claim 3, wherein the redirection module comprises an arm rotatable about the rotation axis (R), and wherein the lighting unit is mounted to the arm. 5. The luminaire according to claim 1, wherein the lighting unit is electrically connected to the driver via an interior connection. 6. The luminaire according to claim 1, wherein the driver comprises a first heat sink and the lighting unit comprises a second heat sink, the second heat sink being separate from the first heat sink. 7. The luminaire according to claim 1, wherein the pole compartment is open that so as to allow the pole to be inserted along the longitudinal axis (L) into the pole compartment. 8. The luminaire according to claim 1, further comprising a locking member arranged inside the pole compartment, the locking member being fixable at different positions along an axis (A) parallel to said direction (D). 9. The luminaire according to claim 8, wherein the pole compartment comprises an inner wall, and wherein the inner wall and the locking member are capable of pressing against a pole inserted into the pole compartment at three or more contact regions. 10. The luminaire according to claim 1, wherein the driver compartment and the pole compartment are formed by a single housing. 11. The luminaire according to claim 10, wherein the housing is extruded. 12. A street lamp comprising
a luminaire according to claim 1 and a pole for being installed on the ground in an upright position, wherein an end portion of the pole is inserted into the pole compartment of the luminaire. | A luminaire (1) for mounting on a pole is disclosed. The luminaire (1) comprises: a lighting unit (17); a driver compartment (8) housing a driver (9) electrically connected to the lighting unit (17); and a pole compartment (3) adapted to receive an end portion of the pole, the pole compartment (3) extending along a longitudinal axis (L) along which said end portion is arranged when received by the pole compartment (3), wherein the pole compartment (3) and the driver compartment (5) are arranged adjacent to each other in a direction (D) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L), and wherein the driver compartment (8) and the lighting unit (17) are arranged at a distance from each other along the longitudinal axis (L). A street lamp comprising the luminaire (1) is also disclosed.1. A luminaire for mounting on a pole, comprising:
a lighting unit; a driver compartment housing a driver electrically connected to the lighting unit; and a pole compartment adapted to receive an end portion of the pole, the pole compartment extending along a longitudinal axis (L) along which said end portion is arranged when received by the pole compartment, wherein the pole compartment and the driver compartment are arranged adjacent to each other in a direction (D) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L), and wherein the driver compartment and the lighting unit are arranged at a distance from each other along the longitudinal axis (L), wherein the lighting unit and the driver compartment are arranged on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis (L). 2. The luminaire according to claim 1, wherein the lighting unit is arranged to be rotatable about a rotation axis (R), the rotation axis (R) being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L) and to said direction (D). 3. The luminaire according to claim 2, further comprising a redirection module arranged between the lighting unit and the driver compartment along the longitudinal axis (L), wherein the lighting unit is mounted to the redirection module so as to be rotatable about the rotation axis (R). 4. The luminaire according to claim 3, wherein the redirection module comprises an arm rotatable about the rotation axis (R), and wherein the lighting unit is mounted to the arm. 5. The luminaire according to claim 1, wherein the lighting unit is electrically connected to the driver via an interior connection. 6. The luminaire according to claim 1, wherein the driver comprises a first heat sink and the lighting unit comprises a second heat sink, the second heat sink being separate from the first heat sink. 7. The luminaire according to claim 1, wherein the pole compartment is open that so as to allow the pole to be inserted along the longitudinal axis (L) into the pole compartment. 8. The luminaire according to claim 1, further comprising a locking member arranged inside the pole compartment, the locking member being fixable at different positions along an axis (A) parallel to said direction (D). 9. The luminaire according to claim 8, wherein the pole compartment comprises an inner wall, and wherein the inner wall and the locking member are capable of pressing against a pole inserted into the pole compartment at three or more contact regions. 10. The luminaire according to claim 1, wherein the driver compartment and the pole compartment are formed by a single housing. 11. The luminaire according to claim 10, wherein the housing is extruded. 12. A street lamp comprising
a luminaire according to claim 1 and a pole for being installed on the ground in an upright position, wherein an end portion of the pole is inserted into the pole compartment of the luminaire. | 3,600 |
338,850 | 16,641,905 | 3,679 | The present invention discloses a 3D glass-metal composite body, a preparing method thereof, and an electronic device. The 3D glass-metal composite body comprises a 3D glass cover plate, a plastic frame body, and a metal frame. The plastic frame body is formed between an edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate and an upper surface of the metal frame. Outer peripheries of the 3D glass cover plate, the plastic frame body, and the metal frame are in smooth transition along curvature of the 3D glass cover plate without steps. | 1. A 3D glass-metal composite body, comprising:
a 3D glass cover plate, a plastic frame body, and a metal frame, wherein an upper surface of the metal frame and an edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate are oppositely disposed, at least a part of the plastic frame body is formed between the edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate and the upper surface of the metal frame, and outer peripheries of the 3D glass cover plate, the plastic frame body and the metal frame are in smooth transition along curvature of the 3D glass cover plate without steps. 2. The 3D glass-metal composite body according to claim 1, wherein:
the metal frame comprises an outer frame and an inner frame which are integrally formed, the outer frame and the edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate are oppositely disposed, and the inner frame is formed on an inner side of the outer frame; and the outer periphery of the plastic frame body and an outer periphery of the outer frame, and an inner periphery of the plastic frame body and an inner periphery of the inner frame are correspondingly formed between the 3D glass cover plate and the metal frame. 3. The 3D glass-metal composite body according to claim 2, wherein:
an upper surface of the inner frame is higher than an upper surface of the outer frame; and the upper surface of the inner frame and the upper surface of the outer frame are connected in an arc-shaped transition manner. 4. The 3D glass-metal composite body according to claim 1, wherein the 3D glass cover plate is a double-curved glass cover plate. 5. The 3D glass-metal composite body according to claim 1, wherein:
the material of the plastic frame body is at least one of polyamide, glass fiber, polycarbonate, and polyphenylene sulfide, preferably a mixture of at least one of the polyamide, polycarbonate, and polyphenylene sulfide and the glass fiber, more preferably a mixture of the polyamide and the glass fiber, and even more preferably, in the plastic frame body, a ratio of a total weight of at least one of the polyamide, polycarbonate, and polyphenylene sulfide to a weight of the glass fiber is 0.5 to 5:1, and still more preferably 1 to 3:1. 6. The 3D glass-metal composite body according to claim 1, wherein a base material of the metal frame is a stainless steel base material or an aluminum alloy base material. 7. The 3D glass-metal composite body according to claim 1, wherein an anode oxide film layer is formed on a surface of the metal frame, and micropores are formed in an outer surface layer of the anode oxide film layer, and a part of the plastic frame body is filled into the micropores. 8. The 3D glass-metal composite body according to claim 2, wherein the width of the upper surface of the outer frame is greater than a width of the edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate. 9. The 3D glass-metal composite body according to claim 2, wherein the outer periphery of the plastic frame body corresponds to the outer periphery of the outer frame, and the inner periphery of the plastic frame body corresponds to the inner periphery of the inner frame. 10. A preparing method for a 3D glass-metal composite body, comprising:
(1) providing a 3D glass cover plate, coating an activating agent on an edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate, and drying; (2) providing a metal frame prefabricated body, wherein a reserved portion extending outward along an outer periphery of the metal frame is reserved for the metal frame prefabricated body relative to a final structure of the metal frame; (3) placing the 3D glass cover plate obtained in step (1) and the metal frame prefabricated body in an injection mold, wherein an upper surface of the metal frame prefabricated body and the edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate are oppositely disposed, an injection molding material is filled between the edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate and the upper surface of the metal frame prefabricated body, at least a part of the injection molding material is formed between the edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate and the upper surface of the metal frame prefabricated body, and a 3D glass-metal composite prefabricated body is obtained by injection molding; and (4) performing cutting treatment on the 3D glass-metal composite prefabricated body, and removing the reserved portion in the metal frame prefabricated body to obtain the 3D glass-metal composite body. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the metal frame comprises an outer frame and an inner frame which are integrally formed, the outer frame and the edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate are oppositely disposed, the inner frame is formed on an inner side of the outer frame, and the reserved portion is formed on an outer periphery of the outer frame; an upper surface of the inner frame is higher than an upper surface of the outer frame; and the upper surface of the inner frame and the upper surface of the outer frame are connected in an arc-shaped transition manner. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein a width of the reserved portion is 1 to 5 mm in a direction perpendicular to an outer edge of the metal frame and extending outward. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein in the process of filling the injection molding material, a gap between the 3D glass cover plate and the metal frame prefabricated body is filled with the injection molding material, and an outer edge of the injection molding material is enabled to protrude out of an outer surface of the 3D glass cover plate and to be positioned between outer edges of the metal frame prefabricated body. 14. The method according to claim 10, further comprising: coating an activating agent on the upper surface of the provided metal frame prefabricated body, and drying. 15. The method according to claim 10, further comprising: before the step of coating an activating agent on the edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate, at least coating ink on the edge surface of the glass cover plate and curing; wherein
the ink is UV ink or thermosetting ink; and the ink is coated by screen printing, and a thickness of the screen-printed ink is 5 to 15 μm. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the activating agent comprises an activating component, a diluent, and a curing agent, and based on a weight of the activating agent, content of the activating agent is 80 to 94 wt %, preferably 85 to 91 wt %; content of the diluent is 5 to 19 wt %, preferably 6 to 10 wt %; and content of the curing agent is 1 to 10 wt %, preferably 3 to 5 wt %;
the activating component is at least one of polyurethane, epoxy resin, polyimide, and polyacrylate; the diluent is at least one of acetone, ethyl acetate and ethyl acetate; the curing agent is at least one of ethylenediamine, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and diethylenetriamine; and a thickness of the coated activating agent is 5 to 15 μm. 17. The method according to claim 10, wherein a base material of the metal frame is a stainless steel base material or an aluminum alloy base material, and
the metal frame is prepared by using a method comprising the following processing steps: sequentially performing machining and molding, polishing, chemical polishing, sandblasting treatment, anode oxidizing treatment, micropore treatment, and film laminating treatment on a stainless steel or aluminum alloy. 18. The method according to claim 10, wherein the injection molding conditions comprise: an injection molding width is 0.5 to 1 mm, a mold temperature is 15 to 35° C., and an injection molding material temperature is 200 to 300° C.; and
preferably, the injection molding material is at least one of polyamide, glass fiber, polycarbonate, and polyphenylene sulfide, more preferably, a mixture of at least one of the polyamide, polycarbonate, and polyphenylene sulfide and the glass fiber, and further preferably a mixture of the polyamide and the glass fiber, and even more preferably, a ratio of a total weight of at least one of the polyamide, polycarbonate, and polyphenylene sulfide to a weight of the glass fiber is 0.5 to 5:1, and still more preferably 1 to 3:1. 19. A 3D glass-metal composite body prepared by using the method according to claim 10. 20. An electronic device, comprising a housing, wherein the housing is the 3D glass-metal composite body according to claim 1;
the electronic device is a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a game machine, a watch, a laptop, a desktop computer, a television or an instrument display; and the housing is a front screen housing or a rear screen housing of the electronic device, or a waterproof watch case. | The present invention discloses a 3D glass-metal composite body, a preparing method thereof, and an electronic device. The 3D glass-metal composite body comprises a 3D glass cover plate, a plastic frame body, and a metal frame. The plastic frame body is formed between an edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate and an upper surface of the metal frame. Outer peripheries of the 3D glass cover plate, the plastic frame body, and the metal frame are in smooth transition along curvature of the 3D glass cover plate without steps.1. A 3D glass-metal composite body, comprising:
a 3D glass cover plate, a plastic frame body, and a metal frame, wherein an upper surface of the metal frame and an edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate are oppositely disposed, at least a part of the plastic frame body is formed between the edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate and the upper surface of the metal frame, and outer peripheries of the 3D glass cover plate, the plastic frame body and the metal frame are in smooth transition along curvature of the 3D glass cover plate without steps. 2. The 3D glass-metal composite body according to claim 1, wherein:
the metal frame comprises an outer frame and an inner frame which are integrally formed, the outer frame and the edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate are oppositely disposed, and the inner frame is formed on an inner side of the outer frame; and the outer periphery of the plastic frame body and an outer periphery of the outer frame, and an inner periphery of the plastic frame body and an inner periphery of the inner frame are correspondingly formed between the 3D glass cover plate and the metal frame. 3. The 3D glass-metal composite body according to claim 2, wherein:
an upper surface of the inner frame is higher than an upper surface of the outer frame; and the upper surface of the inner frame and the upper surface of the outer frame are connected in an arc-shaped transition manner. 4. The 3D glass-metal composite body according to claim 1, wherein the 3D glass cover plate is a double-curved glass cover plate. 5. The 3D glass-metal composite body according to claim 1, wherein:
the material of the plastic frame body is at least one of polyamide, glass fiber, polycarbonate, and polyphenylene sulfide, preferably a mixture of at least one of the polyamide, polycarbonate, and polyphenylene sulfide and the glass fiber, more preferably a mixture of the polyamide and the glass fiber, and even more preferably, in the plastic frame body, a ratio of a total weight of at least one of the polyamide, polycarbonate, and polyphenylene sulfide to a weight of the glass fiber is 0.5 to 5:1, and still more preferably 1 to 3:1. 6. The 3D glass-metal composite body according to claim 1, wherein a base material of the metal frame is a stainless steel base material or an aluminum alloy base material. 7. The 3D glass-metal composite body according to claim 1, wherein an anode oxide film layer is formed on a surface of the metal frame, and micropores are formed in an outer surface layer of the anode oxide film layer, and a part of the plastic frame body is filled into the micropores. 8. The 3D glass-metal composite body according to claim 2, wherein the width of the upper surface of the outer frame is greater than a width of the edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate. 9. The 3D glass-metal composite body according to claim 2, wherein the outer periphery of the plastic frame body corresponds to the outer periphery of the outer frame, and the inner periphery of the plastic frame body corresponds to the inner periphery of the inner frame. 10. A preparing method for a 3D glass-metal composite body, comprising:
(1) providing a 3D glass cover plate, coating an activating agent on an edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate, and drying; (2) providing a metal frame prefabricated body, wherein a reserved portion extending outward along an outer periphery of the metal frame is reserved for the metal frame prefabricated body relative to a final structure of the metal frame; (3) placing the 3D glass cover plate obtained in step (1) and the metal frame prefabricated body in an injection mold, wherein an upper surface of the metal frame prefabricated body and the edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate are oppositely disposed, an injection molding material is filled between the edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate and the upper surface of the metal frame prefabricated body, at least a part of the injection molding material is formed between the edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate and the upper surface of the metal frame prefabricated body, and a 3D glass-metal composite prefabricated body is obtained by injection molding; and (4) performing cutting treatment on the 3D glass-metal composite prefabricated body, and removing the reserved portion in the metal frame prefabricated body to obtain the 3D glass-metal composite body. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the metal frame comprises an outer frame and an inner frame which are integrally formed, the outer frame and the edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate are oppositely disposed, the inner frame is formed on an inner side of the outer frame, and the reserved portion is formed on an outer periphery of the outer frame; an upper surface of the inner frame is higher than an upper surface of the outer frame; and the upper surface of the inner frame and the upper surface of the outer frame are connected in an arc-shaped transition manner. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein a width of the reserved portion is 1 to 5 mm in a direction perpendicular to an outer edge of the metal frame and extending outward. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein in the process of filling the injection molding material, a gap between the 3D glass cover plate and the metal frame prefabricated body is filled with the injection molding material, and an outer edge of the injection molding material is enabled to protrude out of an outer surface of the 3D glass cover plate and to be positioned between outer edges of the metal frame prefabricated body. 14. The method according to claim 10, further comprising: coating an activating agent on the upper surface of the provided metal frame prefabricated body, and drying. 15. The method according to claim 10, further comprising: before the step of coating an activating agent on the edge surface of the 3D glass cover plate, at least coating ink on the edge surface of the glass cover plate and curing; wherein
the ink is UV ink or thermosetting ink; and the ink is coated by screen printing, and a thickness of the screen-printed ink is 5 to 15 μm. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the activating agent comprises an activating component, a diluent, and a curing agent, and based on a weight of the activating agent, content of the activating agent is 80 to 94 wt %, preferably 85 to 91 wt %; content of the diluent is 5 to 19 wt %, preferably 6 to 10 wt %; and content of the curing agent is 1 to 10 wt %, preferably 3 to 5 wt %;
the activating component is at least one of polyurethane, epoxy resin, polyimide, and polyacrylate; the diluent is at least one of acetone, ethyl acetate and ethyl acetate; the curing agent is at least one of ethylenediamine, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and diethylenetriamine; and a thickness of the coated activating agent is 5 to 15 μm. 17. The method according to claim 10, wherein a base material of the metal frame is a stainless steel base material or an aluminum alloy base material, and
the metal frame is prepared by using a method comprising the following processing steps: sequentially performing machining and molding, polishing, chemical polishing, sandblasting treatment, anode oxidizing treatment, micropore treatment, and film laminating treatment on a stainless steel or aluminum alloy. 18. The method according to claim 10, wherein the injection molding conditions comprise: an injection molding width is 0.5 to 1 mm, a mold temperature is 15 to 35° C., and an injection molding material temperature is 200 to 300° C.; and
preferably, the injection molding material is at least one of polyamide, glass fiber, polycarbonate, and polyphenylene sulfide, more preferably, a mixture of at least one of the polyamide, polycarbonate, and polyphenylene sulfide and the glass fiber, and further preferably a mixture of the polyamide and the glass fiber, and even more preferably, a ratio of a total weight of at least one of the polyamide, polycarbonate, and polyphenylene sulfide to a weight of the glass fiber is 0.5 to 5:1, and still more preferably 1 to 3:1. 19. A 3D glass-metal composite body prepared by using the method according to claim 10. 20. An electronic device, comprising a housing, wherein the housing is the 3D glass-metal composite body according to claim 1;
the electronic device is a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a game machine, a watch, a laptop, a desktop computer, a television or an instrument display; and the housing is a front screen housing or a rear screen housing of the electronic device, or a waterproof watch case. | 3,600 |
338,851 | 16,641,890 | 3,679 | An object of the present invention is to provide a seal structure capable of maintaining necessary sealing performance for a long period of time even in an environment where a corrosive solution such as salt water adheres. A seal portion at which seal materials are formed and a fixing portion that fixes a housing and a cover to each other are formed at a joint portion between the housing and the cover constituting a casing. The seal portion and the fixing portion are arranged from an outer edge portion side of the joint portion toward an inside of the casing in order of the seal portion and the fixing portion. | 1. A seal structure comprising:
a seal portion at which a seal material is formed, and a fixing portion that fixes a housing and a cover to each other at a joint portion between the housing and the cover constituting a casing, wherein the seal portion and the fixing portion are arranged from an outer edge portion side of the joint portion toward an inside of the casing in order of the seal portion and the fixing portion. 2. The seal structure according to claim 1,
wherein the seal portion includes a liquid seal portion obtained by curing a liquid seal material and a solid seal portion at which a solid seal material is disposed, and the liquid seal portion and the solid seal portion are arranged from the outer edge portion side of the joint portion toward the inside of the casing in order of the liquid seal portion and the solid seal portion. 3. The seal structure according to claim 2,
wherein an inner peripheral surface of the cover and an outer peripheral surface of the housing face each other at the joint portion, and the fixing portion is formed on an outer peripheral surface of the cover. 4. The seal structure according to claim 3,
wherein the fixing portion fixes the cover to the housing by pressing a plastic deformation portion obtained by plastically deforming the cover against a wall portion of the housing. 5. The seal structure according to claim 4,
wherein the liquid seal portion includes a groove portion for disposing the liquid seal material. 6. The seal structure according to claim 4,
wherein the cover includes a through hole penetrating through the cover, and the through hole is formed at a position at which an open surface opened on an inner peripheral side of the cover faces the liquid seal portion. 7. The seal structure according to claim 1,
wherein the seal portion includes a liquid seal portion obtained by curing a liquid seal material and a damming portion for damming the liquid seal material, and the liquid seal portion and the damming portion are arranged from the outer edge portion side of the joint portion toward the inside of the casing in order of the liquid seal portion and the damming portion. 8. An electronic device having an electronic component mounted within a casing constituting the seal structure according to claim 1. | An object of the present invention is to provide a seal structure capable of maintaining necessary sealing performance for a long period of time even in an environment where a corrosive solution such as salt water adheres. A seal portion at which seal materials are formed and a fixing portion that fixes a housing and a cover to each other are formed at a joint portion between the housing and the cover constituting a casing. The seal portion and the fixing portion are arranged from an outer edge portion side of the joint portion toward an inside of the casing in order of the seal portion and the fixing portion.1. A seal structure comprising:
a seal portion at which a seal material is formed, and a fixing portion that fixes a housing and a cover to each other at a joint portion between the housing and the cover constituting a casing, wherein the seal portion and the fixing portion are arranged from an outer edge portion side of the joint portion toward an inside of the casing in order of the seal portion and the fixing portion. 2. The seal structure according to claim 1,
wherein the seal portion includes a liquid seal portion obtained by curing a liquid seal material and a solid seal portion at which a solid seal material is disposed, and the liquid seal portion and the solid seal portion are arranged from the outer edge portion side of the joint portion toward the inside of the casing in order of the liquid seal portion and the solid seal portion. 3. The seal structure according to claim 2,
wherein an inner peripheral surface of the cover and an outer peripheral surface of the housing face each other at the joint portion, and the fixing portion is formed on an outer peripheral surface of the cover. 4. The seal structure according to claim 3,
wherein the fixing portion fixes the cover to the housing by pressing a plastic deformation portion obtained by plastically deforming the cover against a wall portion of the housing. 5. The seal structure according to claim 4,
wherein the liquid seal portion includes a groove portion for disposing the liquid seal material. 6. The seal structure according to claim 4,
wherein the cover includes a through hole penetrating through the cover, and the through hole is formed at a position at which an open surface opened on an inner peripheral side of the cover faces the liquid seal portion. 7. The seal structure according to claim 1,
wherein the seal portion includes a liquid seal portion obtained by curing a liquid seal material and a damming portion for damming the liquid seal material, and the liquid seal portion and the damming portion are arranged from the outer edge portion side of the joint portion toward the inside of the casing in order of the liquid seal portion and the damming portion. 8. An electronic device having an electronic component mounted within a casing constituting the seal structure according to claim 1. | 3,600 |
338,852 | 16,641,924 | 3,679 | In an angular velocity sensor, a pair of support parts are separated from each other in an x-axis direction in an orthogonal coordinate system xyz. A main part extends along the x-axis. A pair of extension parts connect two ends of the main part and inner sides of the support parts. The driving arms extend from the main part alongside each other in a y-axis direction separated from each other in the x-axis direction. The detecting arm extends from the main part in the y-axis direction at a position which is between the pair of driving arms. The driving circuit supplies voltages so that the pair of driving arms vibrate so as to bend to inverse sides from each other in the x-axis direction. The detecting circuit detects the signal generated due to bending deformation of the detecting arm in the z-axis direction. | 1. An angular velocity sensor comprising:
a piezoelectric body, a driving circuit which supplies a voltage to the piezoelectric body, and a detecting circuit which detects a signal generated in the piezoelectric body, wherein the piezoelectric body comprises
a pair of support parts which are separated from each other in an x-axis direction in an orthogonal coordinate system xyz,
a frame comprising
a main part which extends along the x-axis and
a pair of extension parts which, when viewed in a z-axis direction, connect two ends of the main part and inner sides of the pair of support parts, at least parts of which extend in directions intersecting the x-axis,
a pair of driving arms which extend from the main part alongside each other in a y-axis direction at positions separated from each other in the x-axis direction, and
a detecting arm which extends from the main part in the y-axis direction at a position which is between the pair of driving arms in the x-axis direction,
the driving circuit supplies voltages with inverse phases to each other to the pair of driving arms, the voltages making the pair of driving arms vibrate so as to bend to inverse sides from each other in the x-axis direction, and the detecting circuit detects the signal generated by bending deformation in the z-axis direction or x-axis direction of the detecting arm. 2. The angular velocity sensor according to claim 1, wherein:
the pair of driving arms, the detecting arm, and the pair of extension parts extend from the main part to the same sides as each other, the piezoelectric body comprises two sets each comprising the frame, the pair of driving arms, and the detecting arm, the two sets facing each other at sides of the frames opposite to sides of extensions of the pairs of driving arms, and the two frames are arranged bridging the common pair of support parts. 3. The angular velocity sensor according to claim 2, wherein the piezoelectric body is comprised of a single crystal, and surfaces of the two frames intersecting an xy plane are comprised of crystal faces. 4. The angular velocity sensor according to claim 1, wherein the detecting circuit detects a signal generated by bending deformation of the detecting arm in the z-axis direction. 5. The angular velocity sensor according to claim 1, wherein the detecting circuit detects a signal generated by bending deformation of the detecting arm in the x-axis direction. 6. The angular velocity sensor according to claim 1, wherein the detecting arm is located at a center between the pair of driving arms. 7. The angular velocity sensor according to claim 6, wherein the piezoelectric body comprises, as arms which extend from the frame and vibrate by being supplied with a voltage,
only the pair of driving arms or only the pair of driving arms and arms which extends alongside the pair of driving arms. 8. A sensor element comprising
a piezoelectric body and a plurality of excitation electrodes, a plurality of detecting electrodes, and a plurality of wirings which are all arranged at the piezoelectric body, wherein the piezoelectric body comprises
a pair of support parts which are separated from each other in an x-axis direction in an orthogonal coordinate system xyz,
a frame comprising
a main part which extends along the x-axis and
a pair of extension parts which, when viewed in a z-axis direction, connect two ends of the main part and inner sides of the pair of support parts, at least parts of which extend in directions intersecting the x-axis,
a pair of driving arms which extend from the main part alongside each other in a y-axis direction at positions separated from each other in the x-axis direction, and
a detecting arm which extends from the main part in the y-axis direction at a position which is between the pair of driving arms in the x-axis direction,
the plurality of excitation electrodes are in an arrangement enabling application of voltages exciting the pair of driving arms in the x-axis direction, the plurality of detecting electrodes are in an arrangement enabling detection of a signal generated by vibration of the detecting arm in the x-axis direction or z-axis direction, and the plurality of wirings connect the plurality of excitation electrodes in connection relationships where voltages with inverse phases from each other are supplied from the plurality of excitation electrodes to the pair of driving arms, the voltages making the pair of driving arms vibrate so as to bend to inverse sides from each other in the x-axis direction. | In an angular velocity sensor, a pair of support parts are separated from each other in an x-axis direction in an orthogonal coordinate system xyz. A main part extends along the x-axis. A pair of extension parts connect two ends of the main part and inner sides of the support parts. The driving arms extend from the main part alongside each other in a y-axis direction separated from each other in the x-axis direction. The detecting arm extends from the main part in the y-axis direction at a position which is between the pair of driving arms. The driving circuit supplies voltages so that the pair of driving arms vibrate so as to bend to inverse sides from each other in the x-axis direction. The detecting circuit detects the signal generated due to bending deformation of the detecting arm in the z-axis direction.1. An angular velocity sensor comprising:
a piezoelectric body, a driving circuit which supplies a voltage to the piezoelectric body, and a detecting circuit which detects a signal generated in the piezoelectric body, wherein the piezoelectric body comprises
a pair of support parts which are separated from each other in an x-axis direction in an orthogonal coordinate system xyz,
a frame comprising
a main part which extends along the x-axis and
a pair of extension parts which, when viewed in a z-axis direction, connect two ends of the main part and inner sides of the pair of support parts, at least parts of which extend in directions intersecting the x-axis,
a pair of driving arms which extend from the main part alongside each other in a y-axis direction at positions separated from each other in the x-axis direction, and
a detecting arm which extends from the main part in the y-axis direction at a position which is between the pair of driving arms in the x-axis direction,
the driving circuit supplies voltages with inverse phases to each other to the pair of driving arms, the voltages making the pair of driving arms vibrate so as to bend to inverse sides from each other in the x-axis direction, and the detecting circuit detects the signal generated by bending deformation in the z-axis direction or x-axis direction of the detecting arm. 2. The angular velocity sensor according to claim 1, wherein:
the pair of driving arms, the detecting arm, and the pair of extension parts extend from the main part to the same sides as each other, the piezoelectric body comprises two sets each comprising the frame, the pair of driving arms, and the detecting arm, the two sets facing each other at sides of the frames opposite to sides of extensions of the pairs of driving arms, and the two frames are arranged bridging the common pair of support parts. 3. The angular velocity sensor according to claim 2, wherein the piezoelectric body is comprised of a single crystal, and surfaces of the two frames intersecting an xy plane are comprised of crystal faces. 4. The angular velocity sensor according to claim 1, wherein the detecting circuit detects a signal generated by bending deformation of the detecting arm in the z-axis direction. 5. The angular velocity sensor according to claim 1, wherein the detecting circuit detects a signal generated by bending deformation of the detecting arm in the x-axis direction. 6. The angular velocity sensor according to claim 1, wherein the detecting arm is located at a center between the pair of driving arms. 7. The angular velocity sensor according to claim 6, wherein the piezoelectric body comprises, as arms which extend from the frame and vibrate by being supplied with a voltage,
only the pair of driving arms or only the pair of driving arms and arms which extends alongside the pair of driving arms. 8. A sensor element comprising
a piezoelectric body and a plurality of excitation electrodes, a plurality of detecting electrodes, and a plurality of wirings which are all arranged at the piezoelectric body, wherein the piezoelectric body comprises
a pair of support parts which are separated from each other in an x-axis direction in an orthogonal coordinate system xyz,
a frame comprising
a main part which extends along the x-axis and
a pair of extension parts which, when viewed in a z-axis direction, connect two ends of the main part and inner sides of the pair of support parts, at least parts of which extend in directions intersecting the x-axis,
a pair of driving arms which extend from the main part alongside each other in a y-axis direction at positions separated from each other in the x-axis direction, and
a detecting arm which extends from the main part in the y-axis direction at a position which is between the pair of driving arms in the x-axis direction,
the plurality of excitation electrodes are in an arrangement enabling application of voltages exciting the pair of driving arms in the x-axis direction, the plurality of detecting electrodes are in an arrangement enabling detection of a signal generated by vibration of the detecting arm in the x-axis direction or z-axis direction, and the plurality of wirings connect the plurality of excitation electrodes in connection relationships where voltages with inverse phases from each other are supplied from the plurality of excitation electrodes to the pair of driving arms, the voltages making the pair of driving arms vibrate so as to bend to inverse sides from each other in the x-axis direction. | 3,600 |
338,853 | 16,641,889 | 3,679 | The present invention relates to canakinumab for use in reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient with elevated hsCRP that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI). | 1. A method for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), comprising administering about 150 mg to about 300 mg of canakinumab approximately every 3 months, wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, and wherein canakinumab is administered at the earliest 30 days after MI, and wherein said patient has a reduced hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 2. A method for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), comprising administering about 150 mg to about 300 mg of canakinumab, wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, and wherein canakinumab is administered at the earliest 30 days after MI, and wherein said patient will continue to receive about 150 mg to about 300 mg canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has a reduced hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, comprising administering 150 mg or 300 mg canakinumab. 4. The method according to any of the preceding claims, comprising administering 150 mg canakinumab. 5. A method for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), comprising administering about 150 mg canakinumab approximately every 3 months, wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, and wherein canakinumab is administered at the earliest 30 days after MI, and wherein said patient has a reduced hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 6. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the reduced level of hsCRP assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab is <1.8 mg/L. 7. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the reduced level of hsCRP assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab is <1.5 mg/L. 8. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said recurrent CV event is selected from non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke, cardiovascular (CV) death and hospitalization for unstable angina requiring unplanned revascularization. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said recurrent CV event is selected from non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke and cardiovascular (CV) death. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said recurrent CV event is non-fatal MI or cardiovascular (CV) death. 11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said recurrent CV event is non-fatal MI. 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said recurrent CV event is hospitalization for unstable angina requiring unplanned revascularization. 13. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said patient is concomitantly receiving standard of care treatment for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent CV events. 14. Canakinumab for use in reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI),
i) wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, and ii) wherein about 150 mg to about 300 mg of canakinumab is administered to the patient at the earliest 30 days after MI, and iii) wherein said patient will continue to receive about 150 mg to about 300 mg canakinumab approximately every 3 months, and iv) wherein said patient has a reduced hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 15. Canakinumab for use in reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI),
i) wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, and ii) wherein about 150 mg to about 300 mg of canakinumab is administered to the patient at the earliest 30 days after MI, and iii) wherein said patient will continue to receive about 150 mg to about 300 mg canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has a reduced hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 16. Use of canakinumab for the manufacture of a medicament for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI),
i) wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, and ii) wherein about 150 mg to about 300 mg of canakinumab is administered to the patient at the earliest 30 days after MI, and iii) wherein said patient will continue to receive about 150 mg to about 300 mg canakinumab approximately every 3 months, and iv) wherein said patient has a reduced hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 17. Use of canakinumab for the manufacture of a medicament for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI),
i) wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, and wherein ii) about 150 mg to about 300 mg of canakinumab is administered to the patient at the earliest 30 days after MI, and wherein iii) said patient will continue to receive about 150 mg to about 300 mg canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has a reduced hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 18. The use according to any one of claims 14 to 17, comprising administering 150 mg or 300 mg canakinumab. 19. The use according to any one of claims 14 to 18, comprising administering 150 mg canakinumab. 20. Canakinumab for use in reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI),
i) wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, and ii) wherein about 150 mg canakinumab is administered to the patient at the earliest 30 days after MI, and iii) wherein said patient will continue to receive about 150 mg canakinumab approximately every 3 months, and iv) wherein said patient has a reduced hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 21. Use of canakinumab for the manufacture of a medicament for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI),
i) wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, and ii) wherein about 150 mg canakinumab is administered to the patient at the earliest 30 days after MI, and iii) wherein said patient will continue to receive about 150 mg canakinumab approximately every 3 months, and wherein said patient has a reduced hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 22. The use according to any one of claims 14 to 21, wherein the reduced level of hsCRP is <1.8 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 23. The use according to any one of claims 14 to 22, wherein the reduced level of hsCRP is <1.5 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 24. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 14 to 23, wherein said recurrent CV event is selected from non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke, cardiovascular (CV) death or hospitalization for unstable angina requiring unplanned revascularization. 25. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 14 to 23, wherein said recurrent CV event is selected from non-fatal MI or non-fatal stroke or cardiovascular (CV) death. 26. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 14 to 23, wherein said recurrent CV event is non-fatal MI or cardiovascular (CV) death. 27. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 14 to 23, wherein said recurrent CV event is non-fatal MI. 28. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 14 to 23, wherein said recurrent CV event is hospitalization for unstable angina requiring unplanned revascularization. 29. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 14 to 28, wherein said patient is concomitantly receiving standard of care treatment for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent CV events. | The present invention relates to canakinumab for use in reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient with elevated hsCRP that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI).1. A method for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), comprising administering about 150 mg to about 300 mg of canakinumab approximately every 3 months, wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, and wherein canakinumab is administered at the earliest 30 days after MI, and wherein said patient has a reduced hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 2. A method for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), comprising administering about 150 mg to about 300 mg of canakinumab, wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, and wherein canakinumab is administered at the earliest 30 days after MI, and wherein said patient will continue to receive about 150 mg to about 300 mg canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has a reduced hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, comprising administering 150 mg or 300 mg canakinumab. 4. The method according to any of the preceding claims, comprising administering 150 mg canakinumab. 5. A method for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI), comprising administering about 150 mg canakinumab approximately every 3 months, wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, and wherein canakinumab is administered at the earliest 30 days after MI, and wherein said patient has a reduced hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 6. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the reduced level of hsCRP assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab is <1.8 mg/L. 7. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the reduced level of hsCRP assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab is <1.5 mg/L. 8. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said recurrent CV event is selected from non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke, cardiovascular (CV) death and hospitalization for unstable angina requiring unplanned revascularization. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said recurrent CV event is selected from non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke and cardiovascular (CV) death. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said recurrent CV event is non-fatal MI or cardiovascular (CV) death. 11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said recurrent CV event is non-fatal MI. 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said recurrent CV event is hospitalization for unstable angina requiring unplanned revascularization. 13. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said patient is concomitantly receiving standard of care treatment for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent CV events. 14. Canakinumab for use in reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI),
i) wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, and ii) wherein about 150 mg to about 300 mg of canakinumab is administered to the patient at the earliest 30 days after MI, and iii) wherein said patient will continue to receive about 150 mg to about 300 mg canakinumab approximately every 3 months, and iv) wherein said patient has a reduced hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 15. Canakinumab for use in reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI),
i) wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, and ii) wherein about 150 mg to about 300 mg of canakinumab is administered to the patient at the earliest 30 days after MI, and iii) wherein said patient will continue to receive about 150 mg to about 300 mg canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has a reduced hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 16. Use of canakinumab for the manufacture of a medicament for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI),
i) wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, and ii) wherein about 150 mg to about 300 mg of canakinumab is administered to the patient at the earliest 30 days after MI, and iii) wherein said patient will continue to receive about 150 mg to about 300 mg canakinumab approximately every 3 months, and iv) wherein said patient has a reduced hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 17. Use of canakinumab for the manufacture of a medicament for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI),
i) wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, and wherein ii) about 150 mg to about 300 mg of canakinumab is administered to the patient at the earliest 30 days after MI, and wherein iii) said patient will continue to receive about 150 mg to about 300 mg canakinumab approximately every 3 months, provided said patient has a reduced hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 18. The use according to any one of claims 14 to 17, comprising administering 150 mg or 300 mg canakinumab. 19. The use according to any one of claims 14 to 18, comprising administering 150 mg canakinumab. 20. Canakinumab for use in reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI),
i) wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, and ii) wherein about 150 mg canakinumab is administered to the patient at the earliest 30 days after MI, and iii) wherein said patient will continue to receive about 150 mg canakinumab approximately every 3 months, and iv) wherein said patient has a reduced hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 21. Use of canakinumab for the manufacture of a medicament for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events in a patient that has suffered myocardial infarction (MI),
i) wherein said patient has a high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level of ≥2 mg/L assessed at least 28 days after MI and before first administration of canakinumab, and ii) wherein about 150 mg canakinumab is administered to the patient at the earliest 30 days after MI, and iii) wherein said patient will continue to receive about 150 mg canakinumab approximately every 3 months, and wherein said patient has a reduced hsCRP level of <2 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 22. The use according to any one of claims 14 to 21, wherein the reduced level of hsCRP is <1.8 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 23. The use according to any one of claims 14 to 22, wherein the reduced level of hsCRP is <1.5 mg/L assessed approximately 3 months after first administration of canakinumab. 24. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 14 to 23, wherein said recurrent CV event is selected from non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke, cardiovascular (CV) death or hospitalization for unstable angina requiring unplanned revascularization. 25. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 14 to 23, wherein said recurrent CV event is selected from non-fatal MI or non-fatal stroke or cardiovascular (CV) death. 26. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 14 to 23, wherein said recurrent CV event is non-fatal MI or cardiovascular (CV) death. 27. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 14 to 23, wherein said recurrent CV event is non-fatal MI. 28. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 14 to 23, wherein said recurrent CV event is hospitalization for unstable angina requiring unplanned revascularization. 29. Canakinumab for use according to any one of claims 14 to 28, wherein said patient is concomitantly receiving standard of care treatment for reducing the risk of or preventing recurrent CV events. | 3,600 |
338,854 | 16,641,907 | 3,679 | A micro-LED element includes a nitride semiconductor layer in which an N-type layer, a light-emitting layer, and a P-type layer are stacked in this order when viewed from a light emission surface side; and a P-side electrode layer formed on the P-type layer side. The N-type layer includes a first region in contact with the light-emitting layer and a second region including the light emission surface. An angle between a first interface surrounding at least a side of the first region in the nitride semiconductor layer and the light-emitting layer is a prescribed first angle at which light propagating in a direction along the light-emitting layer is reflected in a direction toward the light emission surface. An angle between a second interface surrounding a side of the second region in the nitride semiconductor layer and the light-emitting layer is a prescribed second angle larger than the first angle. | 1. A micro-LED element comprising:
a nitride semiconductor layer in which an N-type layer, a light-emitting layer, and a P-type layer are stacked in this order when viewed from a light emission surface side; and a P-side electrode layer formed on the P-type layer side, wherein the N-type layer includes a first region in contact with the light-emitting layer and a second region including the light emission surface, an angle between a first interface surrounding at least a side of the first region in the nitride semiconductor layer and the light-emitting layer is a prescribed first angle at which light propagating in a direction along the light-emitting layer is reflected in a direction toward the light emission surface, an angle between a second interface surrounding a side of the second region in the nitride semiconductor layer and the light-emitting layer is a prescribed second angle larger than the first angle, and the first interface is surrounded by a transparent buried layer, the second interface is not covered by the buried layer, and another side surface of the buried layer forms a flat surface continuously connected with the second interface in an entire circumference when viewed from the light emission surface side. 2-5. (canceled) 6. A micro-LED element comprising:
a nitride semiconductor layer in which an N-type layer, a light-emitting layer, and a P-type layer are stacked in this order when viewed from a light emission surface side; and a P-side electrode layer formed on the P-type layer side, wherein the N-type layer includes a first region in contact with the light-emitting layer and a second region including the light emission surface, an angle between a first interface surrounding at least a side of the first region in the nitride semiconductor layer and the light-emitting layer is a prescribed first angle at which light portaging in a direction along the light-emitting layer is reflected in a direction toward the light emission surface, an angle between a second interface surrounding a side of the second region in the nitride semiconductor layer and the light-emitting layer is a prescribed second angle larger than the first angle, and in a case of being viewed from the P-side electrode layer side in plan view, the P-side electrode layer is formed in a region covering an entirety of the light-emitting layer. 7. The micro-LED element according to claim 6, wherein
a surface of the P-side electrode layer on an opposite side of the P-type layer is flat. 8. The micro-LED element according to claim 7, wherein
a buried layer surrounding the first interface is formed between an outer side of the first region and the P-side electrode layer, and an interface between the P-side electrode layer and the buried layer is parallel to the light-emitting layer. 9. (canceled) 10. The micro-LED element according to claim 1, wherein
the nitride semiconductor layer further includes a third interface connecting the first interface and the second interface, and an N-side electrode layer is in contact with the second region of the N-type layer at the third interface. 11-13. (canceled) 14. The micro-LED element according to claim 6, wherein
the first angle is an angle in a predetermined range centering on 45 degrees. 15. The micro-LED element according to claim 6, wherein
the first angle is an angle in a range of 35 degrees to 55 degrees. 16. The micro-LED element according to claim 6, wherein
a thickness of the first region is thicker than a thickness of the P-type layer. 17. The micro-LED element according to claim 6, wherein
the first interface surrounds a side of the light-emitting layer and a side of the P-type layer in addition to the side of the first region. 18. The micro-LED element according to claim 6, wherein
an N-side electrode layer is stacked on the light emission surface. 19. An image display element comprising:
a plurality of micro-LED elements; and a drive circuit substrate in which a drive circuit configured to supply a drive current to each of the plurality of micro-LED elements is formed, wherein the plurality of micro-LED elements are stacked on the drive circuit substrate in a two-dimensional array, each of the plurality of micro-LED elements comprising: a nitride semiconductor layer in which an N-type layer, a light-emitting layer, and a P-type layer are stacked in this order when viewed from a light emission surface side; and a P-side electrode layer formed on the P-type layer side, wherein the N-type layer includes a first region in contact with the light-emitting layer and a second region including the light emission surface, an angle between a first interface surrounding at least a side of the first region in the nitride semiconductor layer and the light-emitting layer is a prescribed first angle at which light propagating in a direction along the light-emitting layer is reflected in a direction toward the light emission surface, an angle between a second interface surrounding a side of the second region in the nitride semiconductor layer and the light-emitting layer is a prescribed second angle larger than the first angle, and an N-side electrode layer is stacked on the light emission surface. 20. The image display element according to claim 19, wherein
gaps between the plurality of micro-LED elements are filled with a high reflective material or a high light-absorbing material. 21. The image display element according to claim 19, wherein
in a case of being viewed from the P-side electrode layer side in plan view, the P-side electrode layer is formed in a region covering an entirety of the light-emitting layer. 22. The image display element according to claim 19, wherein
an entire circumference of the first interface is transparent to visible light and covered by a protection film having a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the nitride semiconductor layer. 23. The image display element according to claim 22, wherein
an outer side of the protection film is surrounded in an entire circumference by the P-side electrode layer. 24. The micro-LED element according to claim 6, wherein
an entire circumference of the first interface is transparent to visible light and covered by a protection film having a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the nitride semiconductor layer, and an outer side of the protection film is surrounded in an entire circumference by the P-side electrode layer. 25. The micro-LED element according to claim 1, wherein
the first angle is an angle in a range of 35 degrees to 55 degrees. 26. The micro-LED element according to claim 1, wherein
a thickness of the first region is thicker than a thickness of the P-type layer. 27. The micro-LED element according to claim 1, wherein
the first interface surrounds a side of the light-emitting layer and a side of the P-type layer in addition to the side of the first region. 28. The micro-LED element according to claim 1, wherein
an N-side electrode layer is stacked on the light emission surface. | A micro-LED element includes a nitride semiconductor layer in which an N-type layer, a light-emitting layer, and a P-type layer are stacked in this order when viewed from a light emission surface side; and a P-side electrode layer formed on the P-type layer side. The N-type layer includes a first region in contact with the light-emitting layer and a second region including the light emission surface. An angle between a first interface surrounding at least a side of the first region in the nitride semiconductor layer and the light-emitting layer is a prescribed first angle at which light propagating in a direction along the light-emitting layer is reflected in a direction toward the light emission surface. An angle between a second interface surrounding a side of the second region in the nitride semiconductor layer and the light-emitting layer is a prescribed second angle larger than the first angle.1. A micro-LED element comprising:
a nitride semiconductor layer in which an N-type layer, a light-emitting layer, and a P-type layer are stacked in this order when viewed from a light emission surface side; and a P-side electrode layer formed on the P-type layer side, wherein the N-type layer includes a first region in contact with the light-emitting layer and a second region including the light emission surface, an angle between a first interface surrounding at least a side of the first region in the nitride semiconductor layer and the light-emitting layer is a prescribed first angle at which light propagating in a direction along the light-emitting layer is reflected in a direction toward the light emission surface, an angle between a second interface surrounding a side of the second region in the nitride semiconductor layer and the light-emitting layer is a prescribed second angle larger than the first angle, and the first interface is surrounded by a transparent buried layer, the second interface is not covered by the buried layer, and another side surface of the buried layer forms a flat surface continuously connected with the second interface in an entire circumference when viewed from the light emission surface side. 2-5. (canceled) 6. A micro-LED element comprising:
a nitride semiconductor layer in which an N-type layer, a light-emitting layer, and a P-type layer are stacked in this order when viewed from a light emission surface side; and a P-side electrode layer formed on the P-type layer side, wherein the N-type layer includes a first region in contact with the light-emitting layer and a second region including the light emission surface, an angle between a first interface surrounding at least a side of the first region in the nitride semiconductor layer and the light-emitting layer is a prescribed first angle at which light portaging in a direction along the light-emitting layer is reflected in a direction toward the light emission surface, an angle between a second interface surrounding a side of the second region in the nitride semiconductor layer and the light-emitting layer is a prescribed second angle larger than the first angle, and in a case of being viewed from the P-side electrode layer side in plan view, the P-side electrode layer is formed in a region covering an entirety of the light-emitting layer. 7. The micro-LED element according to claim 6, wherein
a surface of the P-side electrode layer on an opposite side of the P-type layer is flat. 8. The micro-LED element according to claim 7, wherein
a buried layer surrounding the first interface is formed between an outer side of the first region and the P-side electrode layer, and an interface between the P-side electrode layer and the buried layer is parallel to the light-emitting layer. 9. (canceled) 10. The micro-LED element according to claim 1, wherein
the nitride semiconductor layer further includes a third interface connecting the first interface and the second interface, and an N-side electrode layer is in contact with the second region of the N-type layer at the third interface. 11-13. (canceled) 14. The micro-LED element according to claim 6, wherein
the first angle is an angle in a predetermined range centering on 45 degrees. 15. The micro-LED element according to claim 6, wherein
the first angle is an angle in a range of 35 degrees to 55 degrees. 16. The micro-LED element according to claim 6, wherein
a thickness of the first region is thicker than a thickness of the P-type layer. 17. The micro-LED element according to claim 6, wherein
the first interface surrounds a side of the light-emitting layer and a side of the P-type layer in addition to the side of the first region. 18. The micro-LED element according to claim 6, wherein
an N-side electrode layer is stacked on the light emission surface. 19. An image display element comprising:
a plurality of micro-LED elements; and a drive circuit substrate in which a drive circuit configured to supply a drive current to each of the plurality of micro-LED elements is formed, wherein the plurality of micro-LED elements are stacked on the drive circuit substrate in a two-dimensional array, each of the plurality of micro-LED elements comprising: a nitride semiconductor layer in which an N-type layer, a light-emitting layer, and a P-type layer are stacked in this order when viewed from a light emission surface side; and a P-side electrode layer formed on the P-type layer side, wherein the N-type layer includes a first region in contact with the light-emitting layer and a second region including the light emission surface, an angle between a first interface surrounding at least a side of the first region in the nitride semiconductor layer and the light-emitting layer is a prescribed first angle at which light propagating in a direction along the light-emitting layer is reflected in a direction toward the light emission surface, an angle between a second interface surrounding a side of the second region in the nitride semiconductor layer and the light-emitting layer is a prescribed second angle larger than the first angle, and an N-side electrode layer is stacked on the light emission surface. 20. The image display element according to claim 19, wherein
gaps between the plurality of micro-LED elements are filled with a high reflective material or a high light-absorbing material. 21. The image display element according to claim 19, wherein
in a case of being viewed from the P-side electrode layer side in plan view, the P-side electrode layer is formed in a region covering an entirety of the light-emitting layer. 22. The image display element according to claim 19, wherein
an entire circumference of the first interface is transparent to visible light and covered by a protection film having a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the nitride semiconductor layer. 23. The image display element according to claim 22, wherein
an outer side of the protection film is surrounded in an entire circumference by the P-side electrode layer. 24. The micro-LED element according to claim 6, wherein
an entire circumference of the first interface is transparent to visible light and covered by a protection film having a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the nitride semiconductor layer, and an outer side of the protection film is surrounded in an entire circumference by the P-side electrode layer. 25. The micro-LED element according to claim 1, wherein
the first angle is an angle in a range of 35 degrees to 55 degrees. 26. The micro-LED element according to claim 1, wherein
a thickness of the first region is thicker than a thickness of the P-type layer. 27. The micro-LED element according to claim 1, wherein
the first interface surrounds a side of the light-emitting layer and a side of the P-type layer in addition to the side of the first region. 28. The micro-LED element according to claim 1, wherein
an N-side electrode layer is stacked on the light emission surface. | 3,600 |
338,855 | 16,641,895 | 3,679 | The present invention is directed to aqueous solid state electrolytes that comprise a fluoride additive to stabilize the interface between the anode and aqueous electrolyte. The present invention is also directed to methods of making the solid state electrolyte materials and methods of using the solid state electrolyte materials in batteries and other electrochemical technologies. | 1. A composition comprising:
(a) an anode; (b) an aqueous electrolyte; and (c) an electrolyte interphase layer; 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the anode comprises lithium metal, graphite, silicon, or combinations thereof. 3.-5. (canceled) 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte interphase layer comprises a decomposition product of at least one fluoride additive. 7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the at least one fluoride additive comprises an organic fluorinated hydrocarbon or an inorganic fluoride. 8. (canceled) 9. The composition of claim 6, wherein the at least one fluoride additive comprises 1,1,2,2,-tetrafluoroethyl-2′,2′,2′-trifluoroethyl ether. 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte interphase layer covers between about 40% and about 100% of surface area of the anode. 11. (canceled) 12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte interphase layer further comprises a lithium salt. 13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the lithium salt comprises LiN(SO2CF3)2. 14. An electrochemical cell comprising:
(a) an anode; (b) a cathode; (c) an electrolyte interphase layer; and (d) an aqueous electrolyte; 15. The electrochemical cell of claim 14, wherein the anode comprises lithium metal, graphite, silicon, or a combination thereof. 16.-18. (canceled) 19. The electrochemical cell of claim 14, wherein the electrolyte interphase layer comprises a decomposition product of at least one fluoride additive. 20.-22. (canceled) 23. The electrochemical cell of claim 19, wherein the electrolyte interphase layer comprises between about 0.05% and about 20% mass percentage of the at least one fluoride additive, wherein the mass percentage is measured by total mass of the fluoride additive and the aqueous electrolyte. 24. (canceled) 25. The electrochemical cell of claim 14, wherein the aqueous electrolyte comprises at least one lithium salt. 26. The electrochemical cell of claim 14, wherein the aqueous electrolyte comprises at least one lithium salt selected from the group consisting of LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiN(SO2CH3)2, LiN(SO2C4H9)2, LiN(SO2C2F5)2, LiN(SO2C4F9)2, LiN(SO2F3)(SO2C4F9), LiN(SO2C2F5)(SO2C4F9), LiN(SO2C2F4SO2), LiN(SO2F)2, LiN(SO2F)(SO2CF3), and LiOSO2CF3. 27.-32. (canceled) 33. The electrochemical cell of claim 14, wherein the anode comprises lithium, the cathode comprises LiMn2O4, and the aqueous electrolyte comprises LiN(SO2CF3)2 and LiOSO2CF3. 34. The electrochemical cell of claim 14, wherein the anode comprises graphite, the cathode comprises LiVPO4F, and the aqueous electrolyte comprises LiN(SO2CF3)2 and LiOSO2CF3. 35. The electrochemical cell of claim 14, wherein the anode comprises lithium, the cathode comprises LiVPO4F, and the aqueous electrolyte comprises LiN(SO2CF3)2 and LiOSO2CF3. 36. A process for preparing an anode composition for an electrochemical device comprising:
(a) providing an anode; (b) coating the anode with a composition comprising at least one fluoride additive; and (c) charging the anode to form an electrolyte interphase layer upon the anode that separates the anode from an aqueous electrolyte to obtain an anode composition. 37. The process of claim 36, wherein the anode comprises lithium metal, graphite, silicon, or a combination thereof. 38.-40. (canceled) 41. The process of claim 36, wherein the electrolyte interphase layer comprises a decomposition product of at least one fluoride additive. 42.-50. (canceled) | The present invention is directed to aqueous solid state electrolytes that comprise a fluoride additive to stabilize the interface between the anode and aqueous electrolyte. The present invention is also directed to methods of making the solid state electrolyte materials and methods of using the solid state electrolyte materials in batteries and other electrochemical technologies.1. A composition comprising:
(a) an anode; (b) an aqueous electrolyte; and (c) an electrolyte interphase layer; 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the anode comprises lithium metal, graphite, silicon, or combinations thereof. 3.-5. (canceled) 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte interphase layer comprises a decomposition product of at least one fluoride additive. 7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the at least one fluoride additive comprises an organic fluorinated hydrocarbon or an inorganic fluoride. 8. (canceled) 9. The composition of claim 6, wherein the at least one fluoride additive comprises 1,1,2,2,-tetrafluoroethyl-2′,2′,2′-trifluoroethyl ether. 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte interphase layer covers between about 40% and about 100% of surface area of the anode. 11. (canceled) 12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte interphase layer further comprises a lithium salt. 13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the lithium salt comprises LiN(SO2CF3)2. 14. An electrochemical cell comprising:
(a) an anode; (b) a cathode; (c) an electrolyte interphase layer; and (d) an aqueous electrolyte; 15. The electrochemical cell of claim 14, wherein the anode comprises lithium metal, graphite, silicon, or a combination thereof. 16.-18. (canceled) 19. The electrochemical cell of claim 14, wherein the electrolyte interphase layer comprises a decomposition product of at least one fluoride additive. 20.-22. (canceled) 23. The electrochemical cell of claim 19, wherein the electrolyte interphase layer comprises between about 0.05% and about 20% mass percentage of the at least one fluoride additive, wherein the mass percentage is measured by total mass of the fluoride additive and the aqueous electrolyte. 24. (canceled) 25. The electrochemical cell of claim 14, wherein the aqueous electrolyte comprises at least one lithium salt. 26. The electrochemical cell of claim 14, wherein the aqueous electrolyte comprises at least one lithium salt selected from the group consisting of LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiN(SO2CH3)2, LiN(SO2C4H9)2, LiN(SO2C2F5)2, LiN(SO2C4F9)2, LiN(SO2F3)(SO2C4F9), LiN(SO2C2F5)(SO2C4F9), LiN(SO2C2F4SO2), LiN(SO2F)2, LiN(SO2F)(SO2CF3), and LiOSO2CF3. 27.-32. (canceled) 33. The electrochemical cell of claim 14, wherein the anode comprises lithium, the cathode comprises LiMn2O4, and the aqueous electrolyte comprises LiN(SO2CF3)2 and LiOSO2CF3. 34. The electrochemical cell of claim 14, wherein the anode comprises graphite, the cathode comprises LiVPO4F, and the aqueous electrolyte comprises LiN(SO2CF3)2 and LiOSO2CF3. 35. The electrochemical cell of claim 14, wherein the anode comprises lithium, the cathode comprises LiVPO4F, and the aqueous electrolyte comprises LiN(SO2CF3)2 and LiOSO2CF3. 36. A process for preparing an anode composition for an electrochemical device comprising:
(a) providing an anode; (b) coating the anode with a composition comprising at least one fluoride additive; and (c) charging the anode to form an electrolyte interphase layer upon the anode that separates the anode from an aqueous electrolyte to obtain an anode composition. 37. The process of claim 36, wherein the anode comprises lithium metal, graphite, silicon, or a combination thereof. 38.-40. (canceled) 41. The process of claim 36, wherein the electrolyte interphase layer comprises a decomposition product of at least one fluoride additive. 42.-50. (canceled) | 3,600 |
338,856 | 16,641,919 | 3,679 | The three-dimensional object precursor treatment agent composition according to the present invention is for removing, from a three-dimensional object precursor having a support material and a modeling material, the support material, and contains an alkali metal hydroxide, an anionic emulsifier, and water. The three-dimensional object precursor treatment agent composition according to the present invention can remove the support material more quickly and sufficiently than in the prior art. Also, provided is a method for producing a three-dimensional object by an inkjet ultraviolet light curing technique using the three-dimensional object precursor treatment agent composition. | 1. A composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object for removing a support material from the precursor of the three-dimensional object having the support material and a modeling material, the composition comprising: an alkali metal hydroxide, an anionic emulsifier, an anionic polymer dispersant, and water. 2. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the anionic polymer dispersant is an anionic polycarboxylic acid based polymer dispersant. 3. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the anionic polymer dispersant is a salt of a copolymer of maleic acid and α-olefin. 4. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the anionic polymer dispersant is a salt of diisobutylene-maleic acid copolymer. 5. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1 further containing a water-soluble organic solvent, wherein the content of the water-soluble organic solvent is less than 10% by mass. 6. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the modeling material contains an ultraviolet curing acrylic resin. 7. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the anionic emulsifier is one or more selected from sulfonic acids and salts thereof. 8. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the anionic emulsifier is one or more selected from alkyldiphenyl ether disulfonates and salts thereof. 9. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the content of the alkali metal hydroxide is 1% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, the content of the anionic emulsifier is 0.2% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, and the content of the anionic polymer dispersant is 0.5% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less. 10. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the anionic emulsifier to the polymer dispersant (mass of the anionic emulsifier/mass of the polymer dispersant) is 0.1 or more and 10 or less. 11. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 5, wherein the content of the water-soluble organic solvent is less than 1% by mass. 12. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the content of an organic alkali agent is less than 1% by mass. 13. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the content of water is 70% by mass or more and 98% by mass or less. 14. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, substantially consisting of the alkali metal hydroxide, the anionic emulsifier, the anionic polymer dispersant, and water. 15. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object by an inkjet ultraviolet curing system, the method comprising: a modeling step of obtaining a precursor of a three-dimensional object containing the three-dimensional object and a support material; and a support material removing step of bringing the precursor of the three-dimensional object into contact with a composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object to remove the support material, wherein the composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object is the composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1. 16. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object according to claim 11, wherein the three-dimensional object contains an ultraviolet curing acrylic resin. 17. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object according to claim 11, wherein a modeling material that is a material of the three-dimensional object and a soluble material for three-dimensional modeling that is a material of the support material are ultraviolet curing acrylic resins. 18. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object according to claim 17, wherein the soluble material for three-dimensional modeling contains an ultraviolet curable acrylic monomer, a water soluble viscosity modifier, a wetting agent, and a photoinitiator. 19. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object according to claim 15, wherein the time for the support material to be in contact with the composition of the treating agent is 5 minutes or more and 120 minutes or less. 20. A support material removing method of bringing a precursor of a three-dimensional object containing a three-dimensional object and a support material into contact with the composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1 to remove the support material. | The three-dimensional object precursor treatment agent composition according to the present invention is for removing, from a three-dimensional object precursor having a support material and a modeling material, the support material, and contains an alkali metal hydroxide, an anionic emulsifier, and water. The three-dimensional object precursor treatment agent composition according to the present invention can remove the support material more quickly and sufficiently than in the prior art. Also, provided is a method for producing a three-dimensional object by an inkjet ultraviolet light curing technique using the three-dimensional object precursor treatment agent composition.1. A composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object for removing a support material from the precursor of the three-dimensional object having the support material and a modeling material, the composition comprising: an alkali metal hydroxide, an anionic emulsifier, an anionic polymer dispersant, and water. 2. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the anionic polymer dispersant is an anionic polycarboxylic acid based polymer dispersant. 3. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the anionic polymer dispersant is a salt of a copolymer of maleic acid and α-olefin. 4. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the anionic polymer dispersant is a salt of diisobutylene-maleic acid copolymer. 5. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1 further containing a water-soluble organic solvent, wherein the content of the water-soluble organic solvent is less than 10% by mass. 6. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the modeling material contains an ultraviolet curing acrylic resin. 7. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the anionic emulsifier is one or more selected from sulfonic acids and salts thereof. 8. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the anionic emulsifier is one or more selected from alkyldiphenyl ether disulfonates and salts thereof. 9. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the content of the alkali metal hydroxide is 1% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, the content of the anionic emulsifier is 0.2% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, and the content of the anionic polymer dispersant is 0.5% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less. 10. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the anionic emulsifier to the polymer dispersant (mass of the anionic emulsifier/mass of the polymer dispersant) is 0.1 or more and 10 or less. 11. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 5, wherein the content of the water-soluble organic solvent is less than 1% by mass. 12. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the content of an organic alkali agent is less than 1% by mass. 13. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, wherein the content of water is 70% by mass or more and 98% by mass or less. 14. The composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1, substantially consisting of the alkali metal hydroxide, the anionic emulsifier, the anionic polymer dispersant, and water. 15. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object by an inkjet ultraviolet curing system, the method comprising: a modeling step of obtaining a precursor of a three-dimensional object containing the three-dimensional object and a support material; and a support material removing step of bringing the precursor of the three-dimensional object into contact with a composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object to remove the support material, wherein the composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object is the composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1. 16. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object according to claim 11, wherein the three-dimensional object contains an ultraviolet curing acrylic resin. 17. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object according to claim 11, wherein a modeling material that is a material of the three-dimensional object and a soluble material for three-dimensional modeling that is a material of the support material are ultraviolet curing acrylic resins. 18. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object according to claim 17, wherein the soluble material for three-dimensional modeling contains an ultraviolet curable acrylic monomer, a water soluble viscosity modifier, a wetting agent, and a photoinitiator. 19. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object according to claim 15, wherein the time for the support material to be in contact with the composition of the treating agent is 5 minutes or more and 120 minutes or less. 20. A support material removing method of bringing a precursor of a three-dimensional object containing a three-dimensional object and a support material into contact with the composition of an agent for treating a precursor of a three-dimensional object according to claim 1 to remove the support material. | 3,600 |
338,857 | 16,641,903 | 3,679 | An optical laminate is provided, wherein stable durability is secured even at a high temperature, particularly an ultra-high temperature of about 100° C. or more, other physical properties required for the optical laminate are also excellent, and even in the case of being disposed adjacent to the electrode, corrosion of the relevant electrode or the like is not induced. | 1. An optical laminate comprising:
an optical film; and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer formed on one side or on both sides of the optical film, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer comprises a pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer including
an alkyl (meth)acrylate unit having an alkyl group with 4 or more carbon atoms,
an alkyl (meth)acrylate unit having an alkyl group with 3 or less carbon atoms,
an aromatic group-containing monomer unit and
a polar functional group-containing monomer unit,
wherein the alkyl (meth)acrylate unit having an alkyl group with 3 or less carbon atoms is in the pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer in an amount of 30 to 65 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the alkyl (meth)acrylate unit having an alkyl group with 4 or more carbon atoms, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer has 90 degree room-temperature peel force of 700 gf/25 mm or more on a glass substrate measured at a peel rate of 300 mm/min, and a gel fraction of 70 wt % or more, according to Equation 1 below:
Gel fraction=B/A×100 [Equation 1]
wherein, A is a mass (unit: g) of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer before immersing itthe pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in ethyl acetate, and B represents a dry mass (unit: g) of an insoluble fraction recovered after immersing the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in ethyl acetate at room temperature for 24 hours. 2. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the optical film is a polarizer. 3. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the optical film is a polyvinyl alcohol polarizer containing a potassium component and a zinc component. 4. The optical laminate according to claim 3, wherein a ratio (K/Zn) of the potassium (K) component to the zinc (Zn) component in the polyvinyl alcohol polarizer is in a range of 0.2 to 20. 5. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of the alkyl (meth)acrylate unit having an alkyl group with 4 or more carbon atoms in the pressure- sensitive adhesive polymer is in a range of 50 wt % to 70 wt %. 6. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the alkyl (meth)acrylate unit having an alkyl group with 3 or less carbon atoms is a methyl acrylate unit. 7. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the aromatic group-containing monomer is represented by Formula 1 below: 8. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the aromatic group-containing monomer unit is in the pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer in an amount of 20 to 45 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the alkyl (meth)acrylate unit having an alkyl group with 4 or more carbon atoms. 9. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the polar functional group-containing monomer is hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate having an alkyl group with a carbon number in a range of 3 to 6 or a carboxyl group-containing monomer. 10. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the polar functional group-containing monomer unit is in the pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer in an amount of 1 to 4.5 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the alkyl (meth)acrylate unit having an alkyl group with 4 or more carbon atoms. 11. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer has a room temperature storage elastic modulus of 0.06 MPa or more when measured at a temperature of 23° C. 12. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer further comprises a crosslinking agent for crosslinking the pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer. 13. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer further comprises an ionic compound. 14. The optical laminate according to claim 1, further comprising a release film attached to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. 15. A display device comprising a display panel to which the optical laminate of claim 1 is attached via the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. 16. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the 90 degree room-temperature peel force of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is from 700 gf/25 mm or more to 2,000 gf/25 mm or less on a glass substrate measured at the peel rate of 300 mm/min, and the gel fraction is from 70 wt % or more to 95 wt % or less, according to Equation 1. 17. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer has a room temperature storage elastic modulus of 0.06 MPa or more to 0.2 MPa or less when measured at a temperature of 23° C. | An optical laminate is provided, wherein stable durability is secured even at a high temperature, particularly an ultra-high temperature of about 100° C. or more, other physical properties required for the optical laminate are also excellent, and even in the case of being disposed adjacent to the electrode, corrosion of the relevant electrode or the like is not induced.1. An optical laminate comprising:
an optical film; and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer formed on one side or on both sides of the optical film, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer comprises a pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer including
an alkyl (meth)acrylate unit having an alkyl group with 4 or more carbon atoms,
an alkyl (meth)acrylate unit having an alkyl group with 3 or less carbon atoms,
an aromatic group-containing monomer unit and
a polar functional group-containing monomer unit,
wherein the alkyl (meth)acrylate unit having an alkyl group with 3 or less carbon atoms is in the pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer in an amount of 30 to 65 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the alkyl (meth)acrylate unit having an alkyl group with 4 or more carbon atoms, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer has 90 degree room-temperature peel force of 700 gf/25 mm or more on a glass substrate measured at a peel rate of 300 mm/min, and a gel fraction of 70 wt % or more, according to Equation 1 below:
Gel fraction=B/A×100 [Equation 1]
wherein, A is a mass (unit: g) of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer before immersing itthe pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in ethyl acetate, and B represents a dry mass (unit: g) of an insoluble fraction recovered after immersing the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in ethyl acetate at room temperature for 24 hours. 2. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the optical film is a polarizer. 3. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the optical film is a polyvinyl alcohol polarizer containing a potassium component and a zinc component. 4. The optical laminate according to claim 3, wherein a ratio (K/Zn) of the potassium (K) component to the zinc (Zn) component in the polyvinyl alcohol polarizer is in a range of 0.2 to 20. 5. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of the alkyl (meth)acrylate unit having an alkyl group with 4 or more carbon atoms in the pressure- sensitive adhesive polymer is in a range of 50 wt % to 70 wt %. 6. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the alkyl (meth)acrylate unit having an alkyl group with 3 or less carbon atoms is a methyl acrylate unit. 7. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the aromatic group-containing monomer is represented by Formula 1 below: 8. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the aromatic group-containing monomer unit is in the pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer in an amount of 20 to 45 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the alkyl (meth)acrylate unit having an alkyl group with 4 or more carbon atoms. 9. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the polar functional group-containing monomer is hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate having an alkyl group with a carbon number in a range of 3 to 6 or a carboxyl group-containing monomer. 10. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the polar functional group-containing monomer unit is in the pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer in an amount of 1 to 4.5 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the alkyl (meth)acrylate unit having an alkyl group with 4 or more carbon atoms. 11. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer has a room temperature storage elastic modulus of 0.06 MPa or more when measured at a temperature of 23° C. 12. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer further comprises a crosslinking agent for crosslinking the pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer. 13. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer further comprises an ionic compound. 14. The optical laminate according to claim 1, further comprising a release film attached to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. 15. A display device comprising a display panel to which the optical laminate of claim 1 is attached via the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. 16. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the 90 degree room-temperature peel force of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is from 700 gf/25 mm or more to 2,000 gf/25 mm or less on a glass substrate measured at the peel rate of 300 mm/min, and the gel fraction is from 70 wt % or more to 95 wt % or less, according to Equation 1. 17. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer has a room temperature storage elastic modulus of 0.06 MPa or more to 0.2 MPa or less when measured at a temperature of 23° C. | 3,600 |
338,858 | 16,641,938 | 1,732 | A modified bed particles, related methods and applications in processes involving microwave-assisted catalytic reactions. The bed particles modified to be used as a microwave receptor that is capable to simultaneously sustain heat generation mechanisms under microwave irradiations and physically act as catalyst support. The bed particle comprises a dielectric coating deposited on an external surface of a core, the bed particle being sized for use in a fixed bed reactor or a fluidized bed reactor. The bed particles may further comprise a catalytically active material supported on a surface of the dielectric coating. Irradiating the gas-solid reactor with microwaves enables heating the dielectric coating of the solid bed particles, the dielectric coating locally transferring thermal energy to the surrounding gaseous reactants which are thereby selectively converted into the primary products. | 1. A method for selectivity converting gaseous reactants into primary products over undesired secondary products, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of solid bed particles in a gas-solid reactor in presence of the gaseous reactants, each solid bed particle comprising a core and a dielectric coating deposited on a surface of the core; irradiating the gas-solid reactor with microwaves for heating the dielectric coating of the solid bed particles, the dielectric coating locally transferring thermal energy to the surrounding gaseous reactants which are thereby selectively converted into the primary products. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the core is made of silica, alumina, olivine, FCC, zeolite, quartz, glass a combination thereof. 3. (canceled) 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the dielectric coating is made of a metallic compound, a carbonaceous compound, or a combination thereof, and has a ratio of loss factor to a dielectric constant between 0.5 to 1. 5. (canceled) 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the metallic compound is titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc or an alloy thereof, and the carbonaceous compound is in the form of graphine, graphite or amorphous carbon. 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid bed particles are carbon-coated sand particles, for which the core of each solid bed particle is made of silica sand and the dielectric coating is made of carbon. 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. The method of claim 9, comprising producing the carbon-coated sand particles by thermal decomposition of methane to obtain a given amount of carbon, and chemical vapor deposition of the given amount of carbon as a carbon coating on the core. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the thermal decomposition of methane and the chemical vapor deposition of the carbon coating are performed simultaneously in an induction-heated fluidized bed reactor. 14. The method of claim 13, comprising controlling a reaction time and temperature within the induction-heated fluidized bed reactor to obtain a uniform carbon coating of a desired thickness over the core. 15. (canceled) 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising supporting a catalytically active material on a surface of the dielectric coating of the solid bed particles, the catalytically active material being heated via thermal conduction from the heated dielectric coating and further increasing conversion of the surrounding gaseous reactants into the primary products. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein supporting the catalytically active material is performed via impregnation, plasma deposition, polyol-assisted deposition, hydrothermal synthesis or ultrasound-assisted deposition. 18. A bed particle comprising a core particle and a dielectric coating deposited on an external surface of the core particle, the bed particle being sized for use in a fixed bed reactor or a fluidized bed reactor. 19. (canceled) 20. The bed particle of claim 18, wherein the core particle is made of silica, alumina, olivine, FCC, zeolite quartz, glass or a combination thereof. 21. The bed particle of claim 18, wherein the dielectric coating is made of a metallic compound, a carbonaceous compound, or a combination thereof. 22-24. (canceled) 25. The bed particle of claim 18, being a carbon-coated sand particle, wherein the core particle is made of silica sand and the dielectric coating is made of carbon. 26. The bed particle of claim 25, having a carbon content between 0.1 wt % and 3 wt % with respect to a total weight of the particle. 27. The bed particle of claim 25, wherein the carbon-coated sand particles have a particle size between 200 and 250 μm. 28. The bed particle of claim 25, wherein the dielectric coating comprises a plurality of carbon nanosized layers deposited on the core. 29. (canceled) 30. The bed particle of claim 18, further comprising a catalytic material supported on the dielectric coating and having active sites. 31-33. (canceled) 34. The method of claim 1, wherein the conversion of the gaseous reactants into the primary products is partial oxidation of hydrocarbons such as n-butane, pyrolysis, biomass gasification, thermal cracking, gas cleaning and any thermochemical conversion. 35-43. (canceled) 44. The method of claim 16, wherein the gaseous reactants comprise methane which is reformed into the primary products which are syngas, via the primary gas-phase reaction: CH4+CO2→2CO+2H2. | A modified bed particles, related methods and applications in processes involving microwave-assisted catalytic reactions. The bed particles modified to be used as a microwave receptor that is capable to simultaneously sustain heat generation mechanisms under microwave irradiations and physically act as catalyst support. The bed particle comprises a dielectric coating deposited on an external surface of a core, the bed particle being sized for use in a fixed bed reactor or a fluidized bed reactor. The bed particles may further comprise a catalytically active material supported on a surface of the dielectric coating. Irradiating the gas-solid reactor with microwaves enables heating the dielectric coating of the solid bed particles, the dielectric coating locally transferring thermal energy to the surrounding gaseous reactants which are thereby selectively converted into the primary products.1. A method for selectivity converting gaseous reactants into primary products over undesired secondary products, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of solid bed particles in a gas-solid reactor in presence of the gaseous reactants, each solid bed particle comprising a core and a dielectric coating deposited on a surface of the core; irradiating the gas-solid reactor with microwaves for heating the dielectric coating of the solid bed particles, the dielectric coating locally transferring thermal energy to the surrounding gaseous reactants which are thereby selectively converted into the primary products. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the core is made of silica, alumina, olivine, FCC, zeolite, quartz, glass a combination thereof. 3. (canceled) 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the dielectric coating is made of a metallic compound, a carbonaceous compound, or a combination thereof, and has a ratio of loss factor to a dielectric constant between 0.5 to 1. 5. (canceled) 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the metallic compound is titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc or an alloy thereof, and the carbonaceous compound is in the form of graphine, graphite or amorphous carbon. 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid bed particles are carbon-coated sand particles, for which the core of each solid bed particle is made of silica sand and the dielectric coating is made of carbon. 10. (canceled) 11. (canceled) 12. The method of claim 9, comprising producing the carbon-coated sand particles by thermal decomposition of methane to obtain a given amount of carbon, and chemical vapor deposition of the given amount of carbon as a carbon coating on the core. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the thermal decomposition of methane and the chemical vapor deposition of the carbon coating are performed simultaneously in an induction-heated fluidized bed reactor. 14. The method of claim 13, comprising controlling a reaction time and temperature within the induction-heated fluidized bed reactor to obtain a uniform carbon coating of a desired thickness over the core. 15. (canceled) 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising supporting a catalytically active material on a surface of the dielectric coating of the solid bed particles, the catalytically active material being heated via thermal conduction from the heated dielectric coating and further increasing conversion of the surrounding gaseous reactants into the primary products. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein supporting the catalytically active material is performed via impregnation, plasma deposition, polyol-assisted deposition, hydrothermal synthesis or ultrasound-assisted deposition. 18. A bed particle comprising a core particle and a dielectric coating deposited on an external surface of the core particle, the bed particle being sized for use in a fixed bed reactor or a fluidized bed reactor. 19. (canceled) 20. The bed particle of claim 18, wherein the core particle is made of silica, alumina, olivine, FCC, zeolite quartz, glass or a combination thereof. 21. The bed particle of claim 18, wherein the dielectric coating is made of a metallic compound, a carbonaceous compound, or a combination thereof. 22-24. (canceled) 25. The bed particle of claim 18, being a carbon-coated sand particle, wherein the core particle is made of silica sand and the dielectric coating is made of carbon. 26. The bed particle of claim 25, having a carbon content between 0.1 wt % and 3 wt % with respect to a total weight of the particle. 27. The bed particle of claim 25, wherein the carbon-coated sand particles have a particle size between 200 and 250 μm. 28. The bed particle of claim 25, wherein the dielectric coating comprises a plurality of carbon nanosized layers deposited on the core. 29. (canceled) 30. The bed particle of claim 18, further comprising a catalytic material supported on the dielectric coating and having active sites. 31-33. (canceled) 34. The method of claim 1, wherein the conversion of the gaseous reactants into the primary products is partial oxidation of hydrocarbons such as n-butane, pyrolysis, biomass gasification, thermal cracking, gas cleaning and any thermochemical conversion. 35-43. (canceled) 44. The method of claim 16, wherein the gaseous reactants comprise methane which is reformed into the primary products which are syngas, via the primary gas-phase reaction: CH4+CO2→2CO+2H2. | 1,700 |
338,859 | 16,641,918 | 1,799 | A photobioreactor for cultivation and/or propagation of a photosynthetic organism and associated systems/methods are disclosed herewith. The photobioreactor includes (1) a substantially spherical vessel having a wall defining an interior vessel volume; (2) a water-submersible system for converting electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation; (3) a temperature management system for circulating heat dispersal fluid into and out of the water-submersible system; and (4) a photobioreactor control system comprising a processor and a controller. | 1. A photobioreactor for cultivation and/or propagation of a photosynthetic organism comprising:
a. a substantially spherical vessel having a wall defining an interior vessel volume; b. a water-submersible system for converting electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation; c. a temperature management system for circulating heat dispersal fluid into and out of the water-submersible system; and d. a photobioreactor control system comprising a processor and a controller. 2. The photobioreactor of claim Error! Reference source not found., further comprising one or more sensors in operable communication with the photobioreactor control system. 3. The photobioreactor of claim 0, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a temperature sensor, a gas sensor, an acid or a pH sensor, a protein differentiation detector, a spectrophotometer, or a cytometer. 4. The photobioreactor of claim 0, wherein at least one of the one or more sensors are integrated into a reactor housing or structure of the photobioreactor. 5. (canceled) 6. The photobioreactor of claim Error! Reference source not found., wherein the photobioreactor control system is configured to manage the water-submersible system. 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. The photobioreactor of claim Error! Reference source not found., further comprising one or more power supplies. 10. The photobioreactor of claim 9, wherein at least one of the one or more power supplies is positioned within the interior vessel volume or is positioned within the water-submersible system. 11-13. (canceled) 14. The photobioreactor of claim Error! Reference source not found., further comprising a circulation system for manipulating, extracting or circulating fluid, waste or nutrients into and out of the substantially spherical vessel, wherein the circulation system is in operable communication with the photobioreactor control system. 15. The photobioreactor of claim Error! Reference source not found., further comprising a ventilation system for the addition or dispersion of gases into the substantially spherical vessel, wherein the ventilation system comprises one or more gas diffusion devices. 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. The photobioreactor of claim 15, wherein at least one of the one or more gas diffusion devices is substantially cylindrical or spherical. 19. The photobioreactor of claim 15, wherein the ventilation system comprises a plurality of gas diffusion devices arranged in a substantially circular shape within the interior vessel volume to form one or more rings or discs. 20. (canceled) 21. The photobioreactor of claim 15, wherein at least one of the one or more gas diffusion devices is integrated into the reactor housing or structure of the photobioreactor. 22. (canceled) 23. The photobioreactor of claim Error! Reference source not found., wherein the wall defining the interior vessel volume comprises a dual-layered wall having an interior layer and an exterior layer. 24-26. (canceled) 27. The photobioreactor of claim Error! Reference source not found., wherein the water-submersible system comprises a spherical or substantially spherical inner vessel having an inner wall defining an inner space. 28. (canceled) 29. The photobioreactor of claim 0, comprising materials or meta-materials with properties that enable the manipulation and/or influence the behavior of electromagnetic radiation. 30. (canceled) 31. (canceled) 32. The photobioreactor of claim 0, comprising one or more surfaces with hydrophobic, superhydrophobic, hydrophilic or oleophobic properties. 33-38. (canceled) 39. The photobioreactor of claim 0, wherein converting electrical energy to electromagnetic radiation comprises one or more sources of illumination. 40-42. (canceled) 43. The photobioreactor of claim 1, wherein the temperature is managed substantially through light source manipulation. 44. The photobioreactor of claim 0, wherein the temperature management system in operable communication with the photobioreactor control system. 45. (canceled) 46. The photobioreactor of claim 0, further comprising one or more cleaning units. 47-59. (canceled) | A photobioreactor for cultivation and/or propagation of a photosynthetic organism and associated systems/methods are disclosed herewith. The photobioreactor includes (1) a substantially spherical vessel having a wall defining an interior vessel volume; (2) a water-submersible system for converting electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation; (3) a temperature management system for circulating heat dispersal fluid into and out of the water-submersible system; and (4) a photobioreactor control system comprising a processor and a controller.1. A photobioreactor for cultivation and/or propagation of a photosynthetic organism comprising:
a. a substantially spherical vessel having a wall defining an interior vessel volume; b. a water-submersible system for converting electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation; c. a temperature management system for circulating heat dispersal fluid into and out of the water-submersible system; and d. a photobioreactor control system comprising a processor and a controller. 2. The photobioreactor of claim Error! Reference source not found., further comprising one or more sensors in operable communication with the photobioreactor control system. 3. The photobioreactor of claim 0, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a temperature sensor, a gas sensor, an acid or a pH sensor, a protein differentiation detector, a spectrophotometer, or a cytometer. 4. The photobioreactor of claim 0, wherein at least one of the one or more sensors are integrated into a reactor housing or structure of the photobioreactor. 5. (canceled) 6. The photobioreactor of claim Error! Reference source not found., wherein the photobioreactor control system is configured to manage the water-submersible system. 7. (canceled) 8. (canceled) 9. The photobioreactor of claim Error! Reference source not found., further comprising one or more power supplies. 10. The photobioreactor of claim 9, wherein at least one of the one or more power supplies is positioned within the interior vessel volume or is positioned within the water-submersible system. 11-13. (canceled) 14. The photobioreactor of claim Error! Reference source not found., further comprising a circulation system for manipulating, extracting or circulating fluid, waste or nutrients into and out of the substantially spherical vessel, wherein the circulation system is in operable communication with the photobioreactor control system. 15. The photobioreactor of claim Error! Reference source not found., further comprising a ventilation system for the addition or dispersion of gases into the substantially spherical vessel, wherein the ventilation system comprises one or more gas diffusion devices. 16. (canceled) 17. (canceled) 18. The photobioreactor of claim 15, wherein at least one of the one or more gas diffusion devices is substantially cylindrical or spherical. 19. The photobioreactor of claim 15, wherein the ventilation system comprises a plurality of gas diffusion devices arranged in a substantially circular shape within the interior vessel volume to form one or more rings or discs. 20. (canceled) 21. The photobioreactor of claim 15, wherein at least one of the one or more gas diffusion devices is integrated into the reactor housing or structure of the photobioreactor. 22. (canceled) 23. The photobioreactor of claim Error! Reference source not found., wherein the wall defining the interior vessel volume comprises a dual-layered wall having an interior layer and an exterior layer. 24-26. (canceled) 27. The photobioreactor of claim Error! Reference source not found., wherein the water-submersible system comprises a spherical or substantially spherical inner vessel having an inner wall defining an inner space. 28. (canceled) 29. The photobioreactor of claim 0, comprising materials or meta-materials with properties that enable the manipulation and/or influence the behavior of electromagnetic radiation. 30. (canceled) 31. (canceled) 32. The photobioreactor of claim 0, comprising one or more surfaces with hydrophobic, superhydrophobic, hydrophilic or oleophobic properties. 33-38. (canceled) 39. The photobioreactor of claim 0, wherein converting electrical energy to electromagnetic radiation comprises one or more sources of illumination. 40-42. (canceled) 43. The photobioreactor of claim 1, wherein the temperature is managed substantially through light source manipulation. 44. The photobioreactor of claim 0, wherein the temperature management system in operable communication with the photobioreactor control system. 45. (canceled) 46. The photobioreactor of claim 0, further comprising one or more cleaning units. 47-59. (canceled) | 1,700 |
338,860 | 16,641,931 | 2,498 | A mailbox mechanism is used for communication of secure messages from a server to the firmware of a device. Mailbox content provided by the server is authenticated in a driver execution environment of the device, using reboots across the communication sessions, and then stored in secure storage. The communication sessions include first receiving a signed server key, and then receiving a message from the server that is based on a hash of a nonce generated by the device. | 1. A device configured to:
receive, from a server, a signed server key; verify the signed server key in a DXE environment of the device firmware; send a nonce to the server, the nonce being encrypted by the signed server key; receive a message from the server that includes a first portion with a secure command and second portion that is based on a hash of the nonce; verify the message in the DXE environment of the device firmware; and execute the secure command. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the second portion is the nonce hash. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the signed server key is sent to other devices that are served by the server. 4. The device according to claim 3, wherein the device and the other devices have the same make and model. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the signed server key is signed by a further, signing server. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the second portion is a signature that is calculated as if the nonce hash were in the message. 7. The device according to claim 1, further configured to save state data in secure storage in the device in response to verifying the message. 8. A method for securely sending a command to a device comprising the steps of:
receiving, from a server, a signed server key; verifying the signed server key in a DXE environment of the device firmware; sending a nonce to the server, the nonce being encrypted by the signed server key; receiving a message from the server that includes a first portion with a secure command and second portion that is based on a hash of the nonce; verifying the message in the DXE environment of the device firmware; and executing the command. 9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising initiating a reboot between receiving the signed server key and verifying the signed server key. 10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising initiating a reboot between receiving the message and verifying the message. 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the second portion is the nonce hash. 12. The method according to claim 8, wherein the second portion is a signature that is calculated as if the nonce hash were in the message. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising sending a further message between the server and the device, wherein the further message is encrypted with a session key derived from selected bits of the nonce. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the message includes a key revocation list. | A mailbox mechanism is used for communication of secure messages from a server to the firmware of a device. Mailbox content provided by the server is authenticated in a driver execution environment of the device, using reboots across the communication sessions, and then stored in secure storage. The communication sessions include first receiving a signed server key, and then receiving a message from the server that is based on a hash of a nonce generated by the device.1. A device configured to:
receive, from a server, a signed server key; verify the signed server key in a DXE environment of the device firmware; send a nonce to the server, the nonce being encrypted by the signed server key; receive a message from the server that includes a first portion with a secure command and second portion that is based on a hash of the nonce; verify the message in the DXE environment of the device firmware; and execute the secure command. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the second portion is the nonce hash. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the signed server key is sent to other devices that are served by the server. 4. The device according to claim 3, wherein the device and the other devices have the same make and model. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the signed server key is signed by a further, signing server. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the second portion is a signature that is calculated as if the nonce hash were in the message. 7. The device according to claim 1, further configured to save state data in secure storage in the device in response to verifying the message. 8. A method for securely sending a command to a device comprising the steps of:
receiving, from a server, a signed server key; verifying the signed server key in a DXE environment of the device firmware; sending a nonce to the server, the nonce being encrypted by the signed server key; receiving a message from the server that includes a first portion with a secure command and second portion that is based on a hash of the nonce; verifying the message in the DXE environment of the device firmware; and executing the command. 9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising initiating a reboot between receiving the signed server key and verifying the signed server key. 10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising initiating a reboot between receiving the message and verifying the message. 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the second portion is the nonce hash. 12. The method according to claim 8, wherein the second portion is a signature that is calculated as if the nonce hash were in the message. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising sending a further message between the server and the device, wherein the further message is encrypted with a session key derived from selected bits of the nonce. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the message includes a key revocation list. | 2,400 |
338,861 | 16,641,912 | 2,498 | A surrounding vehicle display device includes: a surrounding information detection device that obtains information on surroundings of a host vehicle; and a vehicle speed sensor that detects a vehicle speed of the host vehicle. The surrounding vehicle display device includes a controller that uses the information obtained by the surrounding information detection device to generate a virtual image that indicates the surroundings of the host vehicle as being viewed from above the host vehicle and a display displays the virtual image. The controller makes a display region of at least a rear region around the host vehicle on the virtual image wide when the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor is higher than a low vehicle speed. | 1.-11. (canceled) 12. A surrounding vehicle display method, comprising:
obtaining information on surroundings of a host vehicle; detecting a vehicle speed of the host vehicle; using the obtained information on the surroundings of the host vehicle to generate a virtual image that indicates the surroundings of the host vehicle as being viewed from above the host vehicle; making a display region of a front region and a rear region around the host vehicle on the virtual image wide when the detected vehicle speed is higher than a low vehicle speed; and displaying the virtual image on a display, wherein an increase rate for widening the rear region is greater than the increase rate for widening the front region. 13. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 12, wherein,
the display region of at least the rear region around the host vehicle on the virtual image is made wider as the vehicle speed becomes higher. 14. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 12, wherein,
the display region of at least the rear region around the host vehicle on the virtual image is made wider when the vehicle speed becomes higher than at least one predetermined speed. 15. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 14, wherein,
the display region of at least the rear region around the host vehicle on the virtual image is made wider as the predetermined speed is higher. 16. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 12, wherein,
the rear region around the host vehicle on the virtual image is smaller than the front region around the host vehicle on the virtual image when the vehicle speed is lower than a second predetermined speed. 17. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 12, wherein
a feature of an above virtual viewpoint is changed to make the display region of at least the rear region around the host vehicle on the virtual image wide. 18. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 12, wherein
the information on the surroundings of the host vehicle is information on a moving object including at least another vehicle, a bike, a bicycle, and a pedestrian and a motionless object including at least a parking vehicle. 19. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 12, wherein
the surrounding vehicle display method is used in an automated driving vehicle that performs travelling control of the host vehicle automatically. 20. A surrounding vehicle display device, comprising:
an information sensor that obtains information on surroundings of a host vehicle; a vehicle speed sensor that detects a vehicle speed of the host vehicle; a controller that uses the information obtained by the information sensor to generate a virtual image that indicates the surroundings of the host vehicle as being viewed from above the host vehicle; and a display that displays the virtual image, wherein the controller makes a display region of a front region and a rear region around the host vehicle on the virtual image wide when the detected vehicle speed is higher than a low vehicle speed, and an increase rate for widening the rear region is greater than the increase rate for widening the front region. | A surrounding vehicle display device includes: a surrounding information detection device that obtains information on surroundings of a host vehicle; and a vehicle speed sensor that detects a vehicle speed of the host vehicle. The surrounding vehicle display device includes a controller that uses the information obtained by the surrounding information detection device to generate a virtual image that indicates the surroundings of the host vehicle as being viewed from above the host vehicle and a display displays the virtual image. The controller makes a display region of at least a rear region around the host vehicle on the virtual image wide when the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor is higher than a low vehicle speed.1.-11. (canceled) 12. A surrounding vehicle display method, comprising:
obtaining information on surroundings of a host vehicle; detecting a vehicle speed of the host vehicle; using the obtained information on the surroundings of the host vehicle to generate a virtual image that indicates the surroundings of the host vehicle as being viewed from above the host vehicle; making a display region of a front region and a rear region around the host vehicle on the virtual image wide when the detected vehicle speed is higher than a low vehicle speed; and displaying the virtual image on a display, wherein an increase rate for widening the rear region is greater than the increase rate for widening the front region. 13. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 12, wherein,
the display region of at least the rear region around the host vehicle on the virtual image is made wider as the vehicle speed becomes higher. 14. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 12, wherein,
the display region of at least the rear region around the host vehicle on the virtual image is made wider when the vehicle speed becomes higher than at least one predetermined speed. 15. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 14, wherein,
the display region of at least the rear region around the host vehicle on the virtual image is made wider as the predetermined speed is higher. 16. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 12, wherein,
the rear region around the host vehicle on the virtual image is smaller than the front region around the host vehicle on the virtual image when the vehicle speed is lower than a second predetermined speed. 17. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 12, wherein
a feature of an above virtual viewpoint is changed to make the display region of at least the rear region around the host vehicle on the virtual image wide. 18. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 12, wherein
the information on the surroundings of the host vehicle is information on a moving object including at least another vehicle, a bike, a bicycle, and a pedestrian and a motionless object including at least a parking vehicle. 19. The surrounding vehicle display method according to claim 12, wherein
the surrounding vehicle display method is used in an automated driving vehicle that performs travelling control of the host vehicle automatically. 20. A surrounding vehicle display device, comprising:
an information sensor that obtains information on surroundings of a host vehicle; a vehicle speed sensor that detects a vehicle speed of the host vehicle; a controller that uses the information obtained by the information sensor to generate a virtual image that indicates the surroundings of the host vehicle as being viewed from above the host vehicle; and a display that displays the virtual image, wherein the controller makes a display region of a front region and a rear region around the host vehicle on the virtual image wide when the detected vehicle speed is higher than a low vehicle speed, and an increase rate for widening the rear region is greater than the increase rate for widening the front region. | 2,400 |
338,862 | 16,641,936 | 2,498 | A sealing apparatus for an air spring device for sealing a primary volume of the air spring device in particular a working volume of the air spring device, with respect to a secondary volume, including a main body, and a sealing element configured on the circumference of the main body, the sealing element configured such that, in a state in which it is mounted in the air spring device, the sealing element is transferred from a sealed position, in which the sealing element seals the primary volume with respect to the secondary volume, into a released position, in which air passes the sealing element, when a pressure difference between the primary volume and the secondary volume, which pressure difference is set with respect to the secondary volume as a negative pressure in the primary volume, exceeds a threshold value. | 1.-15. (canceled) 16. An air spring device for commercial vehicles, comprising:
an air bellows element; a piston element; a primary volume positioned between the air bellows element and the piston element; and a sealing apparatus configured to seal the primary volume of the air spring device with respect to a secondary volume, the sealing apparatus including a main body and a movable sealing element positioned on the circumference of the main body; wherein the sealing element is configured such that, in the mounted state the sealing element is movable from a sealed position where the sealing element seals the primary volume with respect to the secondary volume, to a released position where air passes the sealing element, when a pressure difference between the primary volume and the secondary volume exceeds a threshold value, wherein the pressure difference is set with respect to the secondary volume as a negative pressure in the primary volume, the air spring device having a connecting duct or the exchange of air between the primary volume and the secondary volume, the sealing apparatus being arranged in the connecting duct; and wherein a ratio between an outermost diameter of the main body to an outermost diameter of the sealing element is between 0.78 and 0.98. 17. The air spring device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the secondary volume includes an additional volume. 18. The air spring device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the sealing apparatus is configured as one piece. 19. The air spring device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the sealing element and/or the main body comprises a rubber and/or plastic. 20. The air spring device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the sealing element includes a sealing lip. 21. The air spring device as claimed in claim 20, wherein the sealing lip is flexible. 22. The air spring device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the main body is configured as a ring or as a cylinder. 23. The air spring device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the sealing apparatus is integrated into a stop element, or the main body forming at least one part of the stop element. 24. The air spring device as claimed in claim 20, wherein an angle measured in a non-mounted state between a face of the main body, on which the sealing lip is arranged and the sealing lip is between 30° and 80°. 25. The air spring device as claimed in claim 24, wherein the angle is between 35° and 55°. 26. The air spring device as claimed in claim 25, wherein the angle is between 42° and 48°. 27. The air spring device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the ratio is between 0.91 and 0.97. 28. The air spring device as claimed in claim 27, wherein the ratio is between 0.87 and 0.96. 29. The air spring device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the sealing element projects with respect to the main body as viewed in the axial direction. 30. The air spring device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the sealing apparatus is arranged on or above the piston element as viewed in the axial direction on or above an upper side of the piston element, wherein the upper side faces the primary volume and adjoins the connecting duct. 31. The air spring device as claimed in claim 30, wherein the piston element includes cutouts configured to exchange ambient air, wherein the cutouts adjoin the sealing apparatus. 32. The air spring device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the sealing element bears against an inner side of the connecting duct or a side wall on the upper side of the piston element in the sealed position. | A sealing apparatus for an air spring device for sealing a primary volume of the air spring device in particular a working volume of the air spring device, with respect to a secondary volume, including a main body, and a sealing element configured on the circumference of the main body, the sealing element configured such that, in a state in which it is mounted in the air spring device, the sealing element is transferred from a sealed position, in which the sealing element seals the primary volume with respect to the secondary volume, into a released position, in which air passes the sealing element, when a pressure difference between the primary volume and the secondary volume, which pressure difference is set with respect to the secondary volume as a negative pressure in the primary volume, exceeds a threshold value.1.-15. (canceled) 16. An air spring device for commercial vehicles, comprising:
an air bellows element; a piston element; a primary volume positioned between the air bellows element and the piston element; and a sealing apparatus configured to seal the primary volume of the air spring device with respect to a secondary volume, the sealing apparatus including a main body and a movable sealing element positioned on the circumference of the main body; wherein the sealing element is configured such that, in the mounted state the sealing element is movable from a sealed position where the sealing element seals the primary volume with respect to the secondary volume, to a released position where air passes the sealing element, when a pressure difference between the primary volume and the secondary volume exceeds a threshold value, wherein the pressure difference is set with respect to the secondary volume as a negative pressure in the primary volume, the air spring device having a connecting duct or the exchange of air between the primary volume and the secondary volume, the sealing apparatus being arranged in the connecting duct; and wherein a ratio between an outermost diameter of the main body to an outermost diameter of the sealing element is between 0.78 and 0.98. 17. The air spring device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the secondary volume includes an additional volume. 18. The air spring device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the sealing apparatus is configured as one piece. 19. The air spring device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the sealing element and/or the main body comprises a rubber and/or plastic. 20. The air spring device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the sealing element includes a sealing lip. 21. The air spring device as claimed in claim 20, wherein the sealing lip is flexible. 22. The air spring device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the main body is configured as a ring or as a cylinder. 23. The air spring device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the sealing apparatus is integrated into a stop element, or the main body forming at least one part of the stop element. 24. The air spring device as claimed in claim 20, wherein an angle measured in a non-mounted state between a face of the main body, on which the sealing lip is arranged and the sealing lip is between 30° and 80°. 25. The air spring device as claimed in claim 24, wherein the angle is between 35° and 55°. 26. The air spring device as claimed in claim 25, wherein the angle is between 42° and 48°. 27. The air spring device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the ratio is between 0.91 and 0.97. 28. The air spring device as claimed in claim 27, wherein the ratio is between 0.87 and 0.96. 29. The air spring device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the sealing element projects with respect to the main body as viewed in the axial direction. 30. The air spring device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the sealing apparatus is arranged on or above the piston element as viewed in the axial direction on or above an upper side of the piston element, wherein the upper side faces the primary volume and adjoins the connecting duct. 31. The air spring device as claimed in claim 30, wherein the piston element includes cutouts configured to exchange ambient air, wherein the cutouts adjoin the sealing apparatus. 32. The air spring device as claimed in claim 16, wherein the sealing element bears against an inner side of the connecting duct or a side wall on the upper side of the piston element in the sealed position. | 2,400 |
338,863 | 16,641,928 | 2,498 | The present application relates to a polyphenylene ether resin composition containing (A) a modified polyphenylene ether compound having a terminal modified with a substituent having an unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond, (B) a crosslinking curing agent having an unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond in the molecule, and (C) a flame retardant. The flame retardant (C) contains at least a modified cyclic phenoxy phosphazene compound represented by formula (I). | 1. A polyphenylene ether resin composition comprising:
(A) a modified polyphenylene ether compound having a terminal modified with a substituent having an unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond; (B) a crosslinking curing agent having an unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond in a molecule; and (C) a flame retardant, wherein the flame retardant (C) contains at least a modified cyclic phenoxy phosphazene compound represented by formula (I) below: 2. The polyphenylene ether resin composition according to claim 1, wherein, in the modified cyclic phenoxy phosphazene compound, at least one of R's in formula (I) has a C1 to C10 aliphatic alkyl group. 3. The polyphenylene ether resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the flame retardant (C) further contains an incompatible phosphorus compound that is incompatible with a mixture of the modified polyphenylene ether compound (A) and the crosslinking curing agent (B). 4. The polyphenylene ether resin composition according to claim 3, wherein a content ratio of the modified cyclic phenoxy phosphazene compound to the incompatible phosphorus compound is from 90:10 to 10:90 in terms of mass ratio. 5. The polyphenylene ether resin composition according to claim 3, wherein the incompatible phosphorus compound comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of phosphinate compounds, phosphine oxide compounds, polyphosphate compounds, and phosphonium salt compounds. 6. The polyphenylene ether resin composition according to claim 1, wherein an amount of phosphorus atoms in the polyphenylene ether resin composition is from 1.0 to 5.1 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of a total of organic components (excluding the flame retardant (C)) and the flame retardant (C). 7. The polyphenylene ether resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the substituent in a terminal of the modified polyphenylene ether compound comprises a substituent having at least one selected from the group consisting of a vinylbenzyl group, an acrylate group, and a methacrylate group. 8. A prepreg comprising a fibrous base material and the resin composition according to claim 1 or a semi-cured product of the resin composition. 9. A metal-clad laminate comprising a metal foil and an insulating layer containing a cured product of the resin composition according to claim 1. 10. A wiring board comprising wiring and an insulating layer containing a cured product of the resin composition according to claim 1. 11. A metal-clad laminate comprising a metal foil and an insulating layer containing a cured product of the prepreg according to claim 8. 12. A wiring board comprising wiring and an insulating layer containing a cured product of the prepreg according to claim 8. | The present application relates to a polyphenylene ether resin composition containing (A) a modified polyphenylene ether compound having a terminal modified with a substituent having an unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond, (B) a crosslinking curing agent having an unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond in the molecule, and (C) a flame retardant. The flame retardant (C) contains at least a modified cyclic phenoxy phosphazene compound represented by formula (I).1. A polyphenylene ether resin composition comprising:
(A) a modified polyphenylene ether compound having a terminal modified with a substituent having an unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond; (B) a crosslinking curing agent having an unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond in a molecule; and (C) a flame retardant, wherein the flame retardant (C) contains at least a modified cyclic phenoxy phosphazene compound represented by formula (I) below: 2. The polyphenylene ether resin composition according to claim 1, wherein, in the modified cyclic phenoxy phosphazene compound, at least one of R's in formula (I) has a C1 to C10 aliphatic alkyl group. 3. The polyphenylene ether resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the flame retardant (C) further contains an incompatible phosphorus compound that is incompatible with a mixture of the modified polyphenylene ether compound (A) and the crosslinking curing agent (B). 4. The polyphenylene ether resin composition according to claim 3, wherein a content ratio of the modified cyclic phenoxy phosphazene compound to the incompatible phosphorus compound is from 90:10 to 10:90 in terms of mass ratio. 5. The polyphenylene ether resin composition according to claim 3, wherein the incompatible phosphorus compound comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of phosphinate compounds, phosphine oxide compounds, polyphosphate compounds, and phosphonium salt compounds. 6. The polyphenylene ether resin composition according to claim 1, wherein an amount of phosphorus atoms in the polyphenylene ether resin composition is from 1.0 to 5.1 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of a total of organic components (excluding the flame retardant (C)) and the flame retardant (C). 7. The polyphenylene ether resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the substituent in a terminal of the modified polyphenylene ether compound comprises a substituent having at least one selected from the group consisting of a vinylbenzyl group, an acrylate group, and a methacrylate group. 8. A prepreg comprising a fibrous base material and the resin composition according to claim 1 or a semi-cured product of the resin composition. 9. A metal-clad laminate comprising a metal foil and an insulating layer containing a cured product of the resin composition according to claim 1. 10. A wiring board comprising wiring and an insulating layer containing a cured product of the resin composition according to claim 1. 11. A metal-clad laminate comprising a metal foil and an insulating layer containing a cured product of the prepreg according to claim 8. 12. A wiring board comprising wiring and an insulating layer containing a cured product of the prepreg according to claim 8. | 2,400 |
338,864 | 16,641,899 | 2,498 | The present disclosure relates to a method for preparing a fermented soy product comprising: inoculating a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CJ24-34 (KCCM12038P) strain into a soybean meal or a soy protein concentrate; and obtaining a fermented soybean meal or a fermented soy protein concentrate, which is fermented by culturing the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain, a fermented soy product prepared by the method, and an animal feed composition comprising the fermented product. The fermented soy product prepared by the method does not contain mucilage, shows an excellent antibacterial activity, and has a high content of low molecular weight peptides. | 1. A method for preparing a fermented soy product comprising:
inoculating a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CJ24-34 (KCCM12038P) strain into a soybean meal or a soy protein concentrate; and obtaining a fermented soybean meal or a fermented soy protein concentrate which is fermented by culturing the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain. 2. The method for preparing a fermented soy product of claim 1, wherein the fermented soy product has an antibacterial activity against at least one pathogen selected from the group consisting of Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Photobacterium damsel, Listonella anguillarum, and Edwardsiella tarda. 3. The method for preparing a fermented soy product of claim 1, wherein the fermented soy product comprises 40% or more of low molecular weight peptides having a molecular weight of 30 kDa or less. 4. The method for preparing a fermented soy product according to claim 1, further comprising controlling the moisture content of the soybean meal or soy protein concentrate and subjecting it to heat treatment prior to inoculating the strain into the soybean meal or soy protein concentrate. 5. The method for preparing a fermented soy product of claim 4, wherein the moisture content of the soybean meal or fermented soy protein concentrate is controlled in the range of 30% (v/w) to 80% (v/w), and the heat treatment is performed at 70° C. to 130° C. for 10 minutes to 30 minutes. 6. The method for preparing a fermented soy product according to claim 1, wherein the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CJ24-34 (KCCM12038P) strain is inoculated at a cell count of 105 CFU/g to 109 CFU/g. 7. The method for preparing a fermented soy product according to claim 1, wherein the culture is performed at 20° C. to 50° C. for 8 hours to 72 hours. 8. The method for preparing a fermented soy product according to claim 1, further comprising drying and pulverizing the fermented soybean meal or fermented soy protein concentrate obtained above. 9. A Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CJ24-34 (KCCM12038P) strain. 10. An antibacterial composition comprising a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CJ24-34 (KCCM12038P) strain, a culture of the strain, a concentrate of the culture, or a dried product of the culture and having an antibacterial activity against at least one pathogen selected from the group consisting of Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Photobacterium damsel, Listonella anguillarum, and Edwardsiella tarda. 11. A fermented soy product prepared by the method according to claim 1. 12. An animal feed composition comprising the fermented soy product of claim 11. | The present disclosure relates to a method for preparing a fermented soy product comprising: inoculating a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CJ24-34 (KCCM12038P) strain into a soybean meal or a soy protein concentrate; and obtaining a fermented soybean meal or a fermented soy protein concentrate, which is fermented by culturing the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain, a fermented soy product prepared by the method, and an animal feed composition comprising the fermented product. The fermented soy product prepared by the method does not contain mucilage, shows an excellent antibacterial activity, and has a high content of low molecular weight peptides.1. A method for preparing a fermented soy product comprising:
inoculating a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CJ24-34 (KCCM12038P) strain into a soybean meal or a soy protein concentrate; and obtaining a fermented soybean meal or a fermented soy protein concentrate which is fermented by culturing the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain. 2. The method for preparing a fermented soy product of claim 1, wherein the fermented soy product has an antibacterial activity against at least one pathogen selected from the group consisting of Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Photobacterium damsel, Listonella anguillarum, and Edwardsiella tarda. 3. The method for preparing a fermented soy product of claim 1, wherein the fermented soy product comprises 40% or more of low molecular weight peptides having a molecular weight of 30 kDa or less. 4. The method for preparing a fermented soy product according to claim 1, further comprising controlling the moisture content of the soybean meal or soy protein concentrate and subjecting it to heat treatment prior to inoculating the strain into the soybean meal or soy protein concentrate. 5. The method for preparing a fermented soy product of claim 4, wherein the moisture content of the soybean meal or fermented soy protein concentrate is controlled in the range of 30% (v/w) to 80% (v/w), and the heat treatment is performed at 70° C. to 130° C. for 10 minutes to 30 minutes. 6. The method for preparing a fermented soy product according to claim 1, wherein the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CJ24-34 (KCCM12038P) strain is inoculated at a cell count of 105 CFU/g to 109 CFU/g. 7. The method for preparing a fermented soy product according to claim 1, wherein the culture is performed at 20° C. to 50° C. for 8 hours to 72 hours. 8. The method for preparing a fermented soy product according to claim 1, further comprising drying and pulverizing the fermented soybean meal or fermented soy protein concentrate obtained above. 9. A Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CJ24-34 (KCCM12038P) strain. 10. An antibacterial composition comprising a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CJ24-34 (KCCM12038P) strain, a culture of the strain, a concentrate of the culture, or a dried product of the culture and having an antibacterial activity against at least one pathogen selected from the group consisting of Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Photobacterium damsel, Listonella anguillarum, and Edwardsiella tarda. 11. A fermented soy product prepared by the method according to claim 1. 12. An animal feed composition comprising the fermented soy product of claim 11. | 2,400 |
338,865 | 16,641,915 | 2,498 | A shift device for a vehicle includes: a shift body that is moved and whose shift position is changed to a plurality of shift positions; a moving unit that moves the shift body; and a restricting body that restricts movement of the shift body by the moving unit at a predetermined shift position among the plurality of shift positions. | 1. A shift device for a vehicle, comprising:
a shift body that is moved and whose shift position is changed to a plurality of shift positions; a moving unit that moves the shift body; and a restricting body that restricts movement of the shift body by the moving unit at a predetermined shift position among the plurality of shift positions. 2. The shift device for a vehicle of claim 1, wherein the restricting body is disposed at a restricting position and restricts movement of the shift body by the moving unit at the predetermined shift position, and placement of the restricting body at the restricting position is maintained at a time when the moving unit moves the shift body to the predetermined shift position from a shift position that is other than the predetermined shift position. 3. The shift device for a vehicle of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of shift positions are positioned so as to be apart from one another along an outer periphery of the shift body, and the predetermined shift position is an intermediate position of the plurality of shift positions of the shift body. 4. The shift device for a vehicle of claim 1, wherein:
the predetermined shift position is two positions that are intermediate positions of the plurality of shift positions, the shift device for a vehicle comprises at least two restricted portions that are provided at the shift body, and due to movement of the restricted portions being restricted by the restricting body, the restricting body restricts movement of the shift body by the moving unit at the two predetermined shift positions, and permits movement of the shift body by the moving unit between the two predetermined shift positions. 5. The shift device for a vehicle of claim 4, wherein the restricting body is further disposed at an additional restricting position and restricts movement of the shift body from the predetermined shift position. 6. The shift device for a vehicle of claim 5, wherein:
another restricted portion is further provided at the shift body, and at the additional restricting position, the restricting body restricts movement of the other restricted portion and restricts movement of the shift body from the predetermined shift position. | A shift device for a vehicle includes: a shift body that is moved and whose shift position is changed to a plurality of shift positions; a moving unit that moves the shift body; and a restricting body that restricts movement of the shift body by the moving unit at a predetermined shift position among the plurality of shift positions.1. A shift device for a vehicle, comprising:
a shift body that is moved and whose shift position is changed to a plurality of shift positions; a moving unit that moves the shift body; and a restricting body that restricts movement of the shift body by the moving unit at a predetermined shift position among the plurality of shift positions. 2. The shift device for a vehicle of claim 1, wherein the restricting body is disposed at a restricting position and restricts movement of the shift body by the moving unit at the predetermined shift position, and placement of the restricting body at the restricting position is maintained at a time when the moving unit moves the shift body to the predetermined shift position from a shift position that is other than the predetermined shift position. 3. The shift device for a vehicle of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of shift positions are positioned so as to be apart from one another along an outer periphery of the shift body, and the predetermined shift position is an intermediate position of the plurality of shift positions of the shift body. 4. The shift device for a vehicle of claim 1, wherein:
the predetermined shift position is two positions that are intermediate positions of the plurality of shift positions, the shift device for a vehicle comprises at least two restricted portions that are provided at the shift body, and due to movement of the restricted portions being restricted by the restricting body, the restricting body restricts movement of the shift body by the moving unit at the two predetermined shift positions, and permits movement of the shift body by the moving unit between the two predetermined shift positions. 5. The shift device for a vehicle of claim 4, wherein the restricting body is further disposed at an additional restricting position and restricts movement of the shift body from the predetermined shift position. 6. The shift device for a vehicle of claim 5, wherein:
another restricted portion is further provided at the shift body, and at the additional restricting position, the restricting body restricts movement of the other restricted portion and restricts movement of the shift body from the predetermined shift position. | 2,400 |
338,866 | 16,641,920 | 2,498 | Provided is a novel sintered oil-impregnated bearing superior in wear resistance and cost performance under a severe use condition where the bearing collides with a shaft due to a high load and vibration, such as a condition associated with an output shaft of an electric motor installed in a vehicle and a wiper motor installed therein. The sintered oil-impregnated bearing contains: 15 to 30% by mass of Cu; 1 to 4% by mass of C; and a remainder consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities, in which a metal structure with copper being melted therein is provided at least on a bearing surface; pearlite or a pearlite with ferrite being partially scattered therein is provided in a matrix; a copper-rich phase arranged in a mesh-like manner is also provided in the matrix; and a free graphite is dispersed and distributed in the matrix as well. | 1. A sintered oil-impregnated bearing comprising:
15 to 30% by mass of Cu; 1 to 4% by mass of C; and a remainder consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein a metal structure with copper being melted therein is provided at least on a bearing surface; pearlite or a pearlite with ferrite being partially scattered therein, a copper-rich phase and a free graphite are all provided in a matrix. 2. The sintered oil-impregnated bearing according to claim 1, wherein the copper-rich phase is distributed in the matrix in a mesh-like manner, and the free graphite is dispersed and distributed in the matrix. 3. The sintered oil-impregnated bearing according to claim 1, further comprising at least one of Sn or Zn by an amount of not larger than 4% by mass. 4. The sintered oil-impregnated bearing according to claim 1, wherein the copper-rich phase is dispersed and distributed in the matrix at an area ratio of 7 to 25%. 5. The sintered oil-impregnated bearing according to claim 1, wherein the free graphite is dispersed and distributed in the matrix at an area ratio of 5 to 25%. 6. The sintered oil-impregnated bearing according to claim 1, having a porosity of 12 to 30%. | Provided is a novel sintered oil-impregnated bearing superior in wear resistance and cost performance under a severe use condition where the bearing collides with a shaft due to a high load and vibration, such as a condition associated with an output shaft of an electric motor installed in a vehicle and a wiper motor installed therein. The sintered oil-impregnated bearing contains: 15 to 30% by mass of Cu; 1 to 4% by mass of C; and a remainder consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities, in which a metal structure with copper being melted therein is provided at least on a bearing surface; pearlite or a pearlite with ferrite being partially scattered therein is provided in a matrix; a copper-rich phase arranged in a mesh-like manner is also provided in the matrix; and a free graphite is dispersed and distributed in the matrix as well.1. A sintered oil-impregnated bearing comprising:
15 to 30% by mass of Cu; 1 to 4% by mass of C; and a remainder consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein a metal structure with copper being melted therein is provided at least on a bearing surface; pearlite or a pearlite with ferrite being partially scattered therein, a copper-rich phase and a free graphite are all provided in a matrix. 2. The sintered oil-impregnated bearing according to claim 1, wherein the copper-rich phase is distributed in the matrix in a mesh-like manner, and the free graphite is dispersed and distributed in the matrix. 3. The sintered oil-impregnated bearing according to claim 1, further comprising at least one of Sn or Zn by an amount of not larger than 4% by mass. 4. The sintered oil-impregnated bearing according to claim 1, wherein the copper-rich phase is dispersed and distributed in the matrix at an area ratio of 7 to 25%. 5. The sintered oil-impregnated bearing according to claim 1, wherein the free graphite is dispersed and distributed in the matrix at an area ratio of 5 to 25%. 6. The sintered oil-impregnated bearing according to claim 1, having a porosity of 12 to 30%. | 2,400 |
338,867 | 16,641,921 | 2,498 | A hose fitting (10) includes a nipple (12) with a first end that is insertable into a hose and a second opposite end (22), nipple mating threads (38) located between the first (18) and second ends (22), and a shoulder (42) located between the mating threads and the second end (22) and that projects radially outward relative to the nipple (12) mating threads. A nut (16) is positioned over the second end (22) of the nipple (12). A shell (14) is positioned over the first end of the nipple (12) and includes shell mating threads (48), wherein the shell is threaded onto the nipple (12) by a threaded connection of the nipple mating threads (38) and the shell mating threads (48). The shoulder (42) operates to prevent further rotation of the shell (14), and the resulting torque locks the shell (14) in place and provides a seal against leakage from the fitting assembly. The nipple (12) includes a planar surface (40) that extends from the mating threads (38) to a second planar surface (26) that meet to form the shoulder (42). | 1. A hose fitting assembly comprising:
a nipple that includes a first end that is insertable into a hose and a second end opposite to the first end, nipple mating threads located between the first and second ends, and a shoulder that is located between the mating threads and the second end and that projects radially outward relative to the nipple mating threads; a nut positioned over the second end of the nipple; and a shell positioned over the first end of the nipple that includes shell mating threads, wherein the shell is threaded onto the nipple by a threaded connection of the nipple mating threads and the shell mating threads until the shell meets the shoulder; and wherein when the shell is threaded onto the nipple the shoulder operates to prevent further rotation of the shell, and the resulting torque of the interaction of the shell against the shoulder locks the shell in place and provides a seal against leakage from the hose fitting assembly. 2. The hose fitting assembly of claim 1, wherein the nipple includes a shell locating planar surface that extends from the nipple mating threads towards the second end to a second planar surface, wherein the shell locating planar surface and the second planar surface have different diameters so as to meet to form the shoulder. 3. The hose fitting assembly of any of claims 1-2, wherein the shell has a threaded end that includes the shell mating threads on an inner surface of the threaded end, and an outer surface of the threaded end is hex shaped. 4. The hose fitting assembly of claim 3, wherein the nut has an external surface that is hex shaped, and the hex shaped outer surface of the threaded end of the shell provides a counter to tightening the nut onto equipment. 5. The hose fitting assembly of any of claims 3-4, wherein the shell includes a crimping end opposite from the threaded end that can be crimped onto the hose, wherein an inner surface of the crimping end includes barbs that bite into an outer layer of the hose when the shell is crimped onto the hose. 6. The hose fitting assembly of any of claims 1-5, wherein the shell and nipple are made of metal, and the threaded connection of the shell and nipple form a metal-to-metal seal. 7. The hose fitting assembly of any of claims 1-6, wherein the nipple includes outer ribs adjacent to the first end that provide a friction fit when the first end of the nipple is inserted into the hose. 8. The hose fitting assembly of any of claims 1-7, wherein the nipple mating threads and the shell mating threads are left-handed threads. 9. The hose fitting assembly of any of claims 1-8, wherein:
the nipple includes an external planar surface that extends from the second end towards the first end to a second planar surface; the external surface and the second planar surface have different diameters so as to meet to form a step; and the nut includes a lip such that in an assembled position, the step acts as a stop against the lip of the nut to prevent movement of the nut off of the second end of the nipple. 10. The hose fitting assembly of claim 9, wherein the nut has an inner threaded surface and an inner planar surface adjacent to the inner threaded surface, and in the assembled position the inner planar surface of the nut rests against the external planar surface of the nipple with the inner threaded surface of the nut extending beyond the second end of the nipple for attachment to equipment. 11. A method of assembling a hose fitting assembly comprising the steps of:
sliding a nut onto a nipple from a first end of the nipple that is insertable into a hose toward a second end opposite to the first end, wherein the nipple has a step and the nut has a lip, and the step acts as a stop against the lip of the nut to prevent movement of the nut off of the second end of the nipple; wherein the nipple has nipple mating threads located between the first and second ends, and a shoulder that is located between the nipple mating threads and the second end and that projects radially outward relative to the nipple mating threads; the method further comprising threading a shell onto the nipple by a threaded connection of the nipple mating threads to shell mating threads until the shell meets the shoulder; and wherein when the shell is threaded onto the nipple the shoulder operates to prevent further rotation of the shell, and the resulting torque of the interaction of the shell against the shoulder locks the shell in place and provides a seal against leakage from the fitting assembly. 12. The assembly method of claim 11, further comprising: after threading the shell onto the nipple, inserting the first end of the nipple into a hose, and crimping a crimping end of the shell onto the hose. 13. The assembly method of claim 12, further comprising attaching the nut to system equipment to make a hose connection. 14. The assembly method of claim 13, wherein:
the shell has a threaded end that includes the shell mating threads on an inner surface of the threaded end, and an outer surface of the threaded end is hex shaped; the nut has an external surface that is hex shaped; and the method further comprising using the hex shaped outer surface of the threaded end of the shell as a counter to tightening the nut onto the system equipment. 15. The assembly method of any of claims 11-14, further comprising machining the nipple from a round bar stock. 16. The assembly method of any of claims 11-15, further comprising cold forming the nut. 17. The assembly method of any of claims 11-16, further comprising individually plating the nipple, the nut, and the shell prior to assembly of the nipple, nut, and shell together. | A hose fitting (10) includes a nipple (12) with a first end that is insertable into a hose and a second opposite end (22), nipple mating threads (38) located between the first (18) and second ends (22), and a shoulder (42) located between the mating threads and the second end (22) and that projects radially outward relative to the nipple (12) mating threads. A nut (16) is positioned over the second end (22) of the nipple (12). A shell (14) is positioned over the first end of the nipple (12) and includes shell mating threads (48), wherein the shell is threaded onto the nipple (12) by a threaded connection of the nipple mating threads (38) and the shell mating threads (48). The shoulder (42) operates to prevent further rotation of the shell (14), and the resulting torque locks the shell (14) in place and provides a seal against leakage from the fitting assembly. The nipple (12) includes a planar surface (40) that extends from the mating threads (38) to a second planar surface (26) that meet to form the shoulder (42).1. A hose fitting assembly comprising:
a nipple that includes a first end that is insertable into a hose and a second end opposite to the first end, nipple mating threads located between the first and second ends, and a shoulder that is located between the mating threads and the second end and that projects radially outward relative to the nipple mating threads; a nut positioned over the second end of the nipple; and a shell positioned over the first end of the nipple that includes shell mating threads, wherein the shell is threaded onto the nipple by a threaded connection of the nipple mating threads and the shell mating threads until the shell meets the shoulder; and wherein when the shell is threaded onto the nipple the shoulder operates to prevent further rotation of the shell, and the resulting torque of the interaction of the shell against the shoulder locks the shell in place and provides a seal against leakage from the hose fitting assembly. 2. The hose fitting assembly of claim 1, wherein the nipple includes a shell locating planar surface that extends from the nipple mating threads towards the second end to a second planar surface, wherein the shell locating planar surface and the second planar surface have different diameters so as to meet to form the shoulder. 3. The hose fitting assembly of any of claims 1-2, wherein the shell has a threaded end that includes the shell mating threads on an inner surface of the threaded end, and an outer surface of the threaded end is hex shaped. 4. The hose fitting assembly of claim 3, wherein the nut has an external surface that is hex shaped, and the hex shaped outer surface of the threaded end of the shell provides a counter to tightening the nut onto equipment. 5. The hose fitting assembly of any of claims 3-4, wherein the shell includes a crimping end opposite from the threaded end that can be crimped onto the hose, wherein an inner surface of the crimping end includes barbs that bite into an outer layer of the hose when the shell is crimped onto the hose. 6. The hose fitting assembly of any of claims 1-5, wherein the shell and nipple are made of metal, and the threaded connection of the shell and nipple form a metal-to-metal seal. 7. The hose fitting assembly of any of claims 1-6, wherein the nipple includes outer ribs adjacent to the first end that provide a friction fit when the first end of the nipple is inserted into the hose. 8. The hose fitting assembly of any of claims 1-7, wherein the nipple mating threads and the shell mating threads are left-handed threads. 9. The hose fitting assembly of any of claims 1-8, wherein:
the nipple includes an external planar surface that extends from the second end towards the first end to a second planar surface; the external surface and the second planar surface have different diameters so as to meet to form a step; and the nut includes a lip such that in an assembled position, the step acts as a stop against the lip of the nut to prevent movement of the nut off of the second end of the nipple. 10. The hose fitting assembly of claim 9, wherein the nut has an inner threaded surface and an inner planar surface adjacent to the inner threaded surface, and in the assembled position the inner planar surface of the nut rests against the external planar surface of the nipple with the inner threaded surface of the nut extending beyond the second end of the nipple for attachment to equipment. 11. A method of assembling a hose fitting assembly comprising the steps of:
sliding a nut onto a nipple from a first end of the nipple that is insertable into a hose toward a second end opposite to the first end, wherein the nipple has a step and the nut has a lip, and the step acts as a stop against the lip of the nut to prevent movement of the nut off of the second end of the nipple; wherein the nipple has nipple mating threads located between the first and second ends, and a shoulder that is located between the nipple mating threads and the second end and that projects radially outward relative to the nipple mating threads; the method further comprising threading a shell onto the nipple by a threaded connection of the nipple mating threads to shell mating threads until the shell meets the shoulder; and wherein when the shell is threaded onto the nipple the shoulder operates to prevent further rotation of the shell, and the resulting torque of the interaction of the shell against the shoulder locks the shell in place and provides a seal against leakage from the fitting assembly. 12. The assembly method of claim 11, further comprising: after threading the shell onto the nipple, inserting the first end of the nipple into a hose, and crimping a crimping end of the shell onto the hose. 13. The assembly method of claim 12, further comprising attaching the nut to system equipment to make a hose connection. 14. The assembly method of claim 13, wherein:
the shell has a threaded end that includes the shell mating threads on an inner surface of the threaded end, and an outer surface of the threaded end is hex shaped; the nut has an external surface that is hex shaped; and the method further comprising using the hex shaped outer surface of the threaded end of the shell as a counter to tightening the nut onto the system equipment. 15. The assembly method of any of claims 11-14, further comprising machining the nipple from a round bar stock. 16. The assembly method of any of claims 11-15, further comprising cold forming the nut. 17. The assembly method of any of claims 11-16, further comprising individually plating the nipple, the nut, and the shell prior to assembly of the nipple, nut, and shell together. | 2,400 |
338,868 | 16,641,894 | 2,498 | The present invention relates to a stable liquid pharmaceutical composition of pemetrexed for parenteral administration. The invention provides composition comprising pemetrexed diacid, an organic amine and cyclodextrin. The composition may further comprise an inert gas. The composition can be ready to use infusion solution of pemetrexed diacid or liquid concentrate formulation to be diluted before administration to the patient. The present invention further relates to a process for manufacturing the compositions as well as use of the compositions of the invention for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer. | 1. A liquid pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration comprising:
a) pemetrexed diacid; b) an organic amine; and c) cyclodextrin. 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of pemetrexed diacid is from about 2.5 mg/ml to about 50 mg/ml. 3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises an inert gas which is nitrogen, argon, or helium. 4. (canceled) 5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of pemetrexed diacid to cyclodextrin is in the range of 1:0.5 to 1:5. 6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of organic amine is from about 1 to 150 mg/ml. 7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the organic amine is tromethamine. 8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the cyclodextrin is selected from β-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin, α-cyclodextrin and γ-cyclodextrin. 9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of cyclodextrin is from about 40 to 500 mg/ml. 10. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients selected from buffer, organic solvent, chelating agent, antioxidant and solubilizer. 11. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the buffer is selected from the group consisting of citrate, phosphate, arginate, acetate, glutamate, lactobionate, and a mixture thereof. 12. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, poly ethylene glycol (PEG 300, PEG 400), propylene glycol (PG), ethanol, dimethyl acetamide (DMA) and a mixture thereof. 13. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the chelating agent is selected from the group consisting of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium citrate and a mixture thereof. 14. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of methionine, sodium metasulphite, sodium bisulphite and a mixture thereof. 15. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the solubilizer is selected from the group consisting of povidone (PVP), lecithine, sodium benzoate, poloxamer and a mixture thereof. 16-18. (canceled) 19. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is substantially free from any particulate matter in the sealed container. 20. The composition according to any of the preceding claims claim 1, comprising;
a) pemetrexed diacid in an amount of 1-50 mg/ml, b) tromethamine in an amount of 15 to 35 mg/ml, and c) hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in an amount of about 200 mg/ml to about 300 mg/ml. 21. A process for manufacturing the liquid pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
a) purging inert gas in water for injection until the dissolved oxygen content of water is less than 7 mg/L at room temperature, b) dissolving cyclodextrin in the water for injection of step a) c) adding an organic amine to the solution of step b), d) adding and dissolving pemetrexed diacid to the mixture of step c) at room temperature and, optionally, adjusting the pH of the solution to about 6.0-8.0, thereby manufacturing the liquid pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration. 22. (canceled) 23. The process according to claim 21, wherein the cyclodextrin is hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. 24. The process according to claim 21, wherein the organic amine is tromethamine. 25. The process for manufacturing the liquid pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration according to claim 21 further comprising:
e) filtering the liquid pharmaceutical composition of step d) and filling the filtered liquid pharmaceutical composition into vials,
f) blanketing the headspace of the filled vials with nitrogen and
g) stoppering and sealing the blanketed vials. 26. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is room temperature stable. 27. The composition according to claim 26, wherein the composition comprises not more than 0.75% of total impurities following storage of the composition at 25° C. and 60% relative humidity for 3 months. 28. The composition according to claim 26, wherein the composition comprises less than 2 percent of total impurities following storage of the composition at 25±5° C. for at least 12 months. | The present invention relates to a stable liquid pharmaceutical composition of pemetrexed for parenteral administration. The invention provides composition comprising pemetrexed diacid, an organic amine and cyclodextrin. The composition may further comprise an inert gas. The composition can be ready to use infusion solution of pemetrexed diacid or liquid concentrate formulation to be diluted before administration to the patient. The present invention further relates to a process for manufacturing the compositions as well as use of the compositions of the invention for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer.1. A liquid pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration comprising:
a) pemetrexed diacid; b) an organic amine; and c) cyclodextrin. 2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of pemetrexed diacid is from about 2.5 mg/ml to about 50 mg/ml. 3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises an inert gas which is nitrogen, argon, or helium. 4. (canceled) 5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of pemetrexed diacid to cyclodextrin is in the range of 1:0.5 to 1:5. 6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of organic amine is from about 1 to 150 mg/ml. 7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the organic amine is tromethamine. 8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the cyclodextrin is selected from β-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin, α-cyclodextrin and γ-cyclodextrin. 9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of cyclodextrin is from about 40 to 500 mg/ml. 10. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients selected from buffer, organic solvent, chelating agent, antioxidant and solubilizer. 11. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the buffer is selected from the group consisting of citrate, phosphate, arginate, acetate, glutamate, lactobionate, and a mixture thereof. 12. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, poly ethylene glycol (PEG 300, PEG 400), propylene glycol (PG), ethanol, dimethyl acetamide (DMA) and a mixture thereof. 13. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the chelating agent is selected from the group consisting of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium citrate and a mixture thereof. 14. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of methionine, sodium metasulphite, sodium bisulphite and a mixture thereof. 15. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the solubilizer is selected from the group consisting of povidone (PVP), lecithine, sodium benzoate, poloxamer and a mixture thereof. 16-18. (canceled) 19. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is substantially free from any particulate matter in the sealed container. 20. The composition according to any of the preceding claims claim 1, comprising;
a) pemetrexed diacid in an amount of 1-50 mg/ml, b) tromethamine in an amount of 15 to 35 mg/ml, and c) hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in an amount of about 200 mg/ml to about 300 mg/ml. 21. A process for manufacturing the liquid pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
a) purging inert gas in water for injection until the dissolved oxygen content of water is less than 7 mg/L at room temperature, b) dissolving cyclodextrin in the water for injection of step a) c) adding an organic amine to the solution of step b), d) adding and dissolving pemetrexed diacid to the mixture of step c) at room temperature and, optionally, adjusting the pH of the solution to about 6.0-8.0, thereby manufacturing the liquid pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration. 22. (canceled) 23. The process according to claim 21, wherein the cyclodextrin is hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. 24. The process according to claim 21, wherein the organic amine is tromethamine. 25. The process for manufacturing the liquid pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration according to claim 21 further comprising:
e) filtering the liquid pharmaceutical composition of step d) and filling the filtered liquid pharmaceutical composition into vials,
f) blanketing the headspace of the filled vials with nitrogen and
g) stoppering and sealing the blanketed vials. 26. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is room temperature stable. 27. The composition according to claim 26, wherein the composition comprises not more than 0.75% of total impurities following storage of the composition at 25° C. and 60% relative humidity for 3 months. 28. The composition according to claim 26, wherein the composition comprises less than 2 percent of total impurities following storage of the composition at 25±5° C. for at least 12 months. | 2,400 |
338,869 | 16,641,914 | 2,498 | A pump for pumping a liquid food product, including a star wheel arranged to be driven by an impeller to rotate around an axis that is offset from an axis of rotation of the impeller, an element that extends between a part of the star wheel and the impeller, such that the liquid is pumped when the impeller rotates and thereby drives the star wheel. A channel is formed between the star wheel and an axle on which the star wheel is arranged, such that a part of the product may enter the channel for providing lubrication. | 1. A pump for pumping a liquid food product, the pump comprising:
a housing having an inlet and an outlet for the product, an impeller arranged to rotate inside the housing, around a first axis, a star wheel arranged to be driven by the impeller to rotate around a second axis that is offset from the first axis, an element that extends along a part of a periphery of the star wheel, between the star wheel and the impeller, such that the product is pumped from the inlet to the outlet when the impeller rotates and thereby drives the star wheel, wherein the star wheel is arranged on an axle, and a channel is formed between the star wheel and the axle, such that a part of the liquid may enter the channel for providing lubrication. 2. The pump according to claim 1, wherein
a first liquid passage is formed from the outlet and between the housing and the impeller, and a second liquid passage is formed as a through hole in the impeller, between the first liquid passage and the channel. 3. The pump according to claim 2, wherein the first passage extends from the outlet, further in an axial direction of the impeller, and further in a radially inward direction of the impeller. 4. The pump according to claim 1, wherein a bushing is arranged between the star wheel and the axle. 5. The pump according to claim 4, wherein the channel is formed between the bushing and the axle. 6. The pump according to claim 1, wherein the channel comprises a groove in the axle. 7. The pump according to claim 4, wherein the channel comprises a groove in the bushing. 8. The pump according to claim 1, wherein the channel comprises a groove in the star wheel. 9. The pump according to claim 1, wherein the channel is located such that it faces, as seen in a radial direction of the second axis, a center of the element between the star wheel and the impeller. 10. The pump according to claim 1, wherein the star wheel is secured to the axle by a nut that has an opening to let liquid pass the nut to enter the channel. 11. The pump according to claim 1, wherein the axle comprises an end surface in which a groove is arranged, such that a gasket may be located in the groove. 12. The pump according to claim 1, wherein an at least partly circumferential groove is formed around the axle, between the star wheel and the axle, said groove being arranged adjacent the channel, such that a part of the liquid food product may enter said groove for providing lubrication. 13. The pump according to claim 12, comprising a stationary support unit, wherein
the axle and the element extend from the stationary support unit, the star wheel is supported by the stationary support unit in a direction that is parallel to the second axis, and the at least partly circumferential groove is located adjacent the stationary support unit, for providing lubrication between the star wheel and the stationary support unit. 14. A kit of parts configured to be used as components in the pump according to claim 1, the kit of parts comprising
a stationary support unit from which an element and an axle extend, wherein a channel is arranged as a groove in the axle, and a nut to secure a star wheel to the axle, the nut having an opening for letting a part of the liquid product pass the nut to enter the channel. 15. A method of pumping an ice cream product with a pump, the pump comprising:
a housing having an inlet and an outlet for the ice cream product, an impeller arranged to rotate inside the housing, around a first axis, a star wheel arranged to be driven by the impeller to rotate around a second axis that is offset from the first axis, an element that extends along a part of a periphery of the star wheel, between the star wheel and the impeller, wherein the star wheel is arranged on an axle, a channel is formed between the star wheel and the axle, an ice cream product-supplying component is connected to the inlet, and an ice cream product-receiving component is connected to the outlet, the method comprising: rotating the impeller to thereby drive the star wheel, such that
the ice cream product is pumped from the inlet to the outlet, and
a part of the ice cream product enters the channel for providing lubrication. | A pump for pumping a liquid food product, including a star wheel arranged to be driven by an impeller to rotate around an axis that is offset from an axis of rotation of the impeller, an element that extends between a part of the star wheel and the impeller, such that the liquid is pumped when the impeller rotates and thereby drives the star wheel. A channel is formed between the star wheel and an axle on which the star wheel is arranged, such that a part of the product may enter the channel for providing lubrication.1. A pump for pumping a liquid food product, the pump comprising:
a housing having an inlet and an outlet for the product, an impeller arranged to rotate inside the housing, around a first axis, a star wheel arranged to be driven by the impeller to rotate around a second axis that is offset from the first axis, an element that extends along a part of a periphery of the star wheel, between the star wheel and the impeller, such that the product is pumped from the inlet to the outlet when the impeller rotates and thereby drives the star wheel, wherein the star wheel is arranged on an axle, and a channel is formed between the star wheel and the axle, such that a part of the liquid may enter the channel for providing lubrication. 2. The pump according to claim 1, wherein
a first liquid passage is formed from the outlet and between the housing and the impeller, and a second liquid passage is formed as a through hole in the impeller, between the first liquid passage and the channel. 3. The pump according to claim 2, wherein the first passage extends from the outlet, further in an axial direction of the impeller, and further in a radially inward direction of the impeller. 4. The pump according to claim 1, wherein a bushing is arranged between the star wheel and the axle. 5. The pump according to claim 4, wherein the channel is formed between the bushing and the axle. 6. The pump according to claim 1, wherein the channel comprises a groove in the axle. 7. The pump according to claim 4, wherein the channel comprises a groove in the bushing. 8. The pump according to claim 1, wherein the channel comprises a groove in the star wheel. 9. The pump according to claim 1, wherein the channel is located such that it faces, as seen in a radial direction of the second axis, a center of the element between the star wheel and the impeller. 10. The pump according to claim 1, wherein the star wheel is secured to the axle by a nut that has an opening to let liquid pass the nut to enter the channel. 11. The pump according to claim 1, wherein the axle comprises an end surface in which a groove is arranged, such that a gasket may be located in the groove. 12. The pump according to claim 1, wherein an at least partly circumferential groove is formed around the axle, between the star wheel and the axle, said groove being arranged adjacent the channel, such that a part of the liquid food product may enter said groove for providing lubrication. 13. The pump according to claim 12, comprising a stationary support unit, wherein
the axle and the element extend from the stationary support unit, the star wheel is supported by the stationary support unit in a direction that is parallel to the second axis, and the at least partly circumferential groove is located adjacent the stationary support unit, for providing lubrication between the star wheel and the stationary support unit. 14. A kit of parts configured to be used as components in the pump according to claim 1, the kit of parts comprising
a stationary support unit from which an element and an axle extend, wherein a channel is arranged as a groove in the axle, and a nut to secure a star wheel to the axle, the nut having an opening for letting a part of the liquid product pass the nut to enter the channel. 15. A method of pumping an ice cream product with a pump, the pump comprising:
a housing having an inlet and an outlet for the ice cream product, an impeller arranged to rotate inside the housing, around a first axis, a star wheel arranged to be driven by the impeller to rotate around a second axis that is offset from the first axis, an element that extends along a part of a periphery of the star wheel, between the star wheel and the impeller, wherein the star wheel is arranged on an axle, a channel is formed between the star wheel and the axle, an ice cream product-supplying component is connected to the inlet, and an ice cream product-receiving component is connected to the outlet, the method comprising: rotating the impeller to thereby drive the star wheel, such that
the ice cream product is pumped from the inlet to the outlet, and
a part of the ice cream product enters the channel for providing lubrication. | 2,400 |
338,870 | 16,641,896 | 2,498 | The invention refers to a system for cooling a process fluid of a heat-producing apparatus, comprising: an outlet of the heat-producing apparatus, the outlet being provided for discharging process fluid to be cooled from the heat-producing apparatus; an inlet of the heat-producing apparatus, the inlet being provided for supplying cooled process fluid to the heat-producing apparatus; and a thermodynamic cycle device, in particular an ORC device, the thermodynamic cycle device comprising an evaporator having an inlet for supplying the process fluid to be cooled from the outlet of the heat-producing apparatus and having an outlet for discharging the cooled process fluid to the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus, the evaporator being adapted to evaporate a working medium of the thermodynamic cycle device by means of heat from the process fluid; an expansion machine for expanding the evaporated working medium and for producing mechanical and/or electrical energy; a condenser for liquefying the expanded working medium, in particular an air-cooled condenser; and a pump for pumping the liquefied working medium to the evaporator. | 1. A system for cooling a process fluid of a heat-producing apparatus, comprising:
an outlet of the heat-producing apparatus, the outlet being provided for discharging process fluid to be cooled from the heat-producing apparatus; an inlet of the heat-producing apparatus, the inlet being provided for supplying cooled process fluid to the heat-producing apparatus; and a thermodynamic cycle device, comprising:
an evaporator having an inlet for supplying the process fluid to be cooled from the outlet of the heat-producing apparatus and having an outlet for discharging the cooled process fluid to the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus, wherein the evaporator is adapted to evaporate a working medium of the thermodynamic cycle device by means of heat from the process fluid;
an expansion machine for expanding the evaporated working medium and for generating at least one selected from the group consisting of mechanical and electrical energy;
a condenser for liquefying the expanded working medium, wherein the condenser comprises an air-cooled condenser; and
a pump for pumping the liquefied working medium to the evaporator. 2. The system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a cooler comprising an air cooler for cooling at least part of the process fluid to be cooled. 3. The system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a branch provided downstream of the outlet of the heat-producing apparatus and upstream of the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus with respect to a flow direction of the process fluid for dividing the process fluid to be cooled into a first and a second partial flow of the process fluid, the branch comprising a valve; and a junction provided downstream of the branch with respect to a flow direction of the process fluid and upstream of the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus for merging the first and second partial flows of the process fluid. 4. The system according to claim 3, wherein the branch is adapted to supply the first partial flow to the evaporator and to supply the second partial flow to the condenser, and wherein the junction is adapted to merge the second partial flow of the process fluid cooled by the condenser and the first partial flow of the process fluid cooled by the evaporator. 5. The system according to claim 3, wherein the junction is adapted to merge the first partial flow of the process fluid cooled by the evaporator and the second partial flow of the process fluid; and wherein the junction is adapted to supply the joined partial flows of the process fluid to the cooler. 6. The system according to claim 2, wherein the cooler is arranged downstream of the outlet of the evaporator with respect to a flow direction of the process fluid and upstream of the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus for further cooling the process fluid cooled by the evaporator. 7. The system according to claim 2, wherein the cooler forms a structural unit with the condenser or is provided separately from the condenser. 8. The system according to claim 2, further comprising a control device for controlling the heat input into the cooler, wherein a set temperature of the process fluid returned to the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus can be achieved. 9. The system according to claim 2, wherein an intermediate circuit with a heat transfer fluid is provided for thermal connection of the condenser and the cooler, wherein the condenser is provided for transferring heat from the expanded working medium to the heat transfer fluid, and wherein the cooler is provided for cooling the heat transfer fluid. 10. The system according to claim 9, wherein useful heat is removed from a branch of the heat transfer fluid flowing from the condenser to the cooler to a useful heat device. 11. The system according to claim 9, wherein a composition of the heat transfer fluid is identical to a composition of the process fluid. 12. System The system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second heat exchanger provided downstream of the evaporator with respect to a flow direction of the process fluid for transferring heat from the process fluid cooled by the evaporator to a heat transfer fluid. 13. The system according to claim 12, further comprising:
a valve for controlling the mass flow of the heat transfer fluid through the second heat exchanger; wherein a temperature measurement device is provided for measuring the temperature of the process fluid downstream of the second heat exchanger, wherein the control of the valve is effected depending on the measured temperature. 14. The system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second evaporator between the outlet of the evaporator and the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus for further evaporation of working fluid using heat from the process fluid; a throttle valve for adjusting the size of a partial flow of the working medium through the further evaporator; and a liquid jet pump or a vapor jet pump between the second evaporator and the condenser for lowering the pressure in the second evaporator, wherein a part of the liquefied working medium or a part of the evaporated working medium serves as a driving jet. 15. A system according to claim 2, wherein the outlet of the evaporator is connected to an inlet of the condenser, an outlet of the condenser is connected to an inlet of the condenser, and an outlet of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus, so that in operation the process fluid is guided from the evaporator through the condenser for further cooling, is subsequently passed through the condenser as a heat-absorbing medium, and is in turn subsequently guided to the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus. 16. The system according to claim 2, further comprising:
a branch provided downstream of the outlet of the heat-producing apparatus and upstream of the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus with respect to a flow direction of the process fluid for dividing the process fluid to be cooled into a first and a second partial flow of the process fluid, the branch comprising a valve; and a junction provided downstream of the branch with respect to a flow direction of the process fluid and upstream of the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus for merging the first and second partial flows of the process fluid. 17. The system according to claim 16, wherein the branch is adapted to supply the first partial flow to the evaporator and to supply the second partial flow to the condenser, and wherein the junction is adapted to merge the second partial flow of the process fluid cooled by the condenser and the first partial flow of the process fluid cooled by the evaporator. 18. The system according to claim 16, wherein the junction is adapted to merge the first partial flow of the process fluid cooled by the evaporator and the second partial flow of the process fluid; and wherein the junction is adapted to supply the joined partial flows of the process fluid to the cooler. 19. The system according to claim 16, wherein the cooler forms a structural unit with the condenser or is provided separately from the condenser. 20. The system according to claim 16, wherein an intermediate circuit with a heat transfer fluid is provided for thermal connection of the condenser and the cooler, wherein the condenser is provided for transferring heat from the expanded working medium to the heat transfer fluid, and wherein the cooler is provided for cooling the heat transfer fluid. | The invention refers to a system for cooling a process fluid of a heat-producing apparatus, comprising: an outlet of the heat-producing apparatus, the outlet being provided for discharging process fluid to be cooled from the heat-producing apparatus; an inlet of the heat-producing apparatus, the inlet being provided for supplying cooled process fluid to the heat-producing apparatus; and a thermodynamic cycle device, in particular an ORC device, the thermodynamic cycle device comprising an evaporator having an inlet for supplying the process fluid to be cooled from the outlet of the heat-producing apparatus and having an outlet for discharging the cooled process fluid to the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus, the evaporator being adapted to evaporate a working medium of the thermodynamic cycle device by means of heat from the process fluid; an expansion machine for expanding the evaporated working medium and for producing mechanical and/or electrical energy; a condenser for liquefying the expanded working medium, in particular an air-cooled condenser; and a pump for pumping the liquefied working medium to the evaporator.1. A system for cooling a process fluid of a heat-producing apparatus, comprising:
an outlet of the heat-producing apparatus, the outlet being provided for discharging process fluid to be cooled from the heat-producing apparatus; an inlet of the heat-producing apparatus, the inlet being provided for supplying cooled process fluid to the heat-producing apparatus; and a thermodynamic cycle device, comprising:
an evaporator having an inlet for supplying the process fluid to be cooled from the outlet of the heat-producing apparatus and having an outlet for discharging the cooled process fluid to the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus, wherein the evaporator is adapted to evaporate a working medium of the thermodynamic cycle device by means of heat from the process fluid;
an expansion machine for expanding the evaporated working medium and for generating at least one selected from the group consisting of mechanical and electrical energy;
a condenser for liquefying the expanded working medium, wherein the condenser comprises an air-cooled condenser; and
a pump for pumping the liquefied working medium to the evaporator. 2. The system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a cooler comprising an air cooler for cooling at least part of the process fluid to be cooled. 3. The system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a branch provided downstream of the outlet of the heat-producing apparatus and upstream of the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus with respect to a flow direction of the process fluid for dividing the process fluid to be cooled into a first and a second partial flow of the process fluid, the branch comprising a valve; and a junction provided downstream of the branch with respect to a flow direction of the process fluid and upstream of the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus for merging the first and second partial flows of the process fluid. 4. The system according to claim 3, wherein the branch is adapted to supply the first partial flow to the evaporator and to supply the second partial flow to the condenser, and wherein the junction is adapted to merge the second partial flow of the process fluid cooled by the condenser and the first partial flow of the process fluid cooled by the evaporator. 5. The system according to claim 3, wherein the junction is adapted to merge the first partial flow of the process fluid cooled by the evaporator and the second partial flow of the process fluid; and wherein the junction is adapted to supply the joined partial flows of the process fluid to the cooler. 6. The system according to claim 2, wherein the cooler is arranged downstream of the outlet of the evaporator with respect to a flow direction of the process fluid and upstream of the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus for further cooling the process fluid cooled by the evaporator. 7. The system according to claim 2, wherein the cooler forms a structural unit with the condenser or is provided separately from the condenser. 8. The system according to claim 2, further comprising a control device for controlling the heat input into the cooler, wherein a set temperature of the process fluid returned to the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus can be achieved. 9. The system according to claim 2, wherein an intermediate circuit with a heat transfer fluid is provided for thermal connection of the condenser and the cooler, wherein the condenser is provided for transferring heat from the expanded working medium to the heat transfer fluid, and wherein the cooler is provided for cooling the heat transfer fluid. 10. The system according to claim 9, wherein useful heat is removed from a branch of the heat transfer fluid flowing from the condenser to the cooler to a useful heat device. 11. The system according to claim 9, wherein a composition of the heat transfer fluid is identical to a composition of the process fluid. 12. System The system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second heat exchanger provided downstream of the evaporator with respect to a flow direction of the process fluid for transferring heat from the process fluid cooled by the evaporator to a heat transfer fluid. 13. The system according to claim 12, further comprising:
a valve for controlling the mass flow of the heat transfer fluid through the second heat exchanger; wherein a temperature measurement device is provided for measuring the temperature of the process fluid downstream of the second heat exchanger, wherein the control of the valve is effected depending on the measured temperature. 14. The system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second evaporator between the outlet of the evaporator and the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus for further evaporation of working fluid using heat from the process fluid; a throttle valve for adjusting the size of a partial flow of the working medium through the further evaporator; and a liquid jet pump or a vapor jet pump between the second evaporator and the condenser for lowering the pressure in the second evaporator, wherein a part of the liquefied working medium or a part of the evaporated working medium serves as a driving jet. 15. A system according to claim 2, wherein the outlet of the evaporator is connected to an inlet of the condenser, an outlet of the condenser is connected to an inlet of the condenser, and an outlet of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus, so that in operation the process fluid is guided from the evaporator through the condenser for further cooling, is subsequently passed through the condenser as a heat-absorbing medium, and is in turn subsequently guided to the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus. 16. The system according to claim 2, further comprising:
a branch provided downstream of the outlet of the heat-producing apparatus and upstream of the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus with respect to a flow direction of the process fluid for dividing the process fluid to be cooled into a first and a second partial flow of the process fluid, the branch comprising a valve; and a junction provided downstream of the branch with respect to a flow direction of the process fluid and upstream of the inlet of the heat-producing apparatus for merging the first and second partial flows of the process fluid. 17. The system according to claim 16, wherein the branch is adapted to supply the first partial flow to the evaporator and to supply the second partial flow to the condenser, and wherein the junction is adapted to merge the second partial flow of the process fluid cooled by the condenser and the first partial flow of the process fluid cooled by the evaporator. 18. The system according to claim 16, wherein the junction is adapted to merge the first partial flow of the process fluid cooled by the evaporator and the second partial flow of the process fluid; and wherein the junction is adapted to supply the joined partial flows of the process fluid to the cooler. 19. The system according to claim 16, wherein the cooler forms a structural unit with the condenser or is provided separately from the condenser. 20. The system according to claim 16, wherein an intermediate circuit with a heat transfer fluid is provided for thermal connection of the condenser and the cooler, wherein the condenser is provided for transferring heat from the expanded working medium to the heat transfer fluid, and wherein the cooler is provided for cooling the heat transfer fluid. | 2,400 |
338,871 | 16,641,917 | 2,665 | Particle or hadron therapy is used on abnormal tissue using carbon atoms, protons, or helium atoms run through a linear accelerator and then directed at the target in the body. This can be used to treat, for example, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, hypertension, seizures, gastrointestinal maladies, etc. Contouring and gating may be used to account for cardiac and respiratory motion, helping reduce collateral damage. | 1. A method for delivering accelerated atomic particles at a targeted tissue of a subject, the method comprising mapping the targeted tissue to compensate for movements of the targeted tissue during delivery of the accelerated atomic particles, the movements resulting from respiratory and cardiac motion of the subject. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises using gating to compensate for the movements. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein contouring is used to follow critical targets in the targeted tissue through subsequent treatment cycles to better avoid non-targeted tissue surrounding the critical targets. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein mapping the targeted tissue comprises phase contouring. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the phase contouring comprises pre-procedural imaging to obtain sequential images throughout a treatment cycle, and tagging structures based on characteristics of structures during movement in the treatment cycle. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the phase contouring further comprises analyzing a treatment cycle using a template cycle. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the phase contouring provides feedback information such that delivery of the accelerated atomic particles can be varied based on changes in the phase contouring. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising delivering the accelerated atomic particles using multiple energy beams to enhance Bragg peak effects. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein a first beam of the multiple energy beams provides a low-dose delivery to induce perturbations in a contour of the targeted tissue at a site of application, and a second beam of the multiple energy beams is subsequently used to test for the site of application. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein a first beam of the multiple energy beams is used to stimulate the tissue, while a second beam of the multiple energy beams is used to ablate targeted tissue, wherein the first beam is used as an endpoint for energy delivery from the second beam. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein a stimulating beam of the multiple energy beams is used for titration of energy delivery. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising using an injected sensor to detect collateral damage. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the targeted tissue is mapped through successive at least one of cardiac cycles or respiratory cycles. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the targeted tissue is mapped in real time during delivery of the accelerated atomic particles. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the targeted tissue is mapped simultaneously and concurrently with delivery of the accelerated atomic particles to better focus energy delivery. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising using percutaneous, pericardial, subdural, per venous, and per subcutaneous placement of electrodes such that mapping of targeted tissue and delivery of accelerated atomic particles occur concurrently with sensing and stimulation of the targeted tissue. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the accelerated atomic particles are at least one of atoms or protons. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the accelerated atomic particles are carbon atoms. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the targeted tissue is treated using the accelerated atomic particles externally and non-invasively. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the targeted tissue is a portion of the heart of the subject, and treated using the accelerated atomic particles externally and non-invasively. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the targeted tissue is treated with the accelerated atomic particles in conjunction with at least one of injectable devices or injectable particles. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the injectable devices are adjunctive catheters. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the adjunctive catheters include circuitry and electromagnetic navigation to enhance cardiac registration. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the targeted tissue is a portion of the brain of the subject, the portion being in close proximity to sensitive vasculature or conduction tissue. 25. The method of claim 1, further comprising using an adjunctive, adjoined, or integrated ultrasound beam delivery device to mechanically stimulate or move sensitive structures not to be targeted. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein delivery of an ultrasound beam using the ultrasound beam delivery device is synchronized with delivery of the accelerated atomic particles. 27. A system for delivering accelerated atomic particles at a targeted tissue of a subject, the system comprising a particle delivery device controlled by a computing device that is configured to map targeted tissue to compensate for movements of the targeted tissue during delivery of the accelerated atomic particles, the movements resulting from respiratory and cardiac motion of the subject. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the computing device is configured to gate delivery of the accelerated atomic particles using the particle delivery device to compensate for the movements. 29. The system of claim 28, wherein contouring is used to follow critical targets in the targeted tissue through subsequent treatment cycles to better avoid non-targeted tissue surrounding the critical targets. 30. The system of claim 27, wherein mapping the targeted tissue comprises phase contouring. 31. The system of claim 30, wherein the phase contouring comprises using sequential images obtained throughout a treatment cycle pre-procedurally, and tagging structures based on characteristics of structures during movement in the treatment cycle. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein the phase contouring further comprises analyzing a treatment cycle using a template cycle. 33. The system of claim 30, wherein the phase contouring provides feedback information such that delivery of the accelerated atomic particles can be varied by the computing device based on changes in the phase contouring. 34. The system of claim 27, wherein the particle delivery device is configured to provide multiple energy beams, and the computing device is configured to enhance Bragg peak effects using the multiple energy beams. 35. The system of claim 34, wherein the computing device is configured to provide a first beam of the multiple energy beams as a low-dose delivery to induce perturbations in a contour of the targeted tissue at a site of application, and deliver a second beam of the multiple energy beams that is subsequently used to test for the site of application. 36. The system of claim 34, wherein the computing device is configured to use a first beam of the multiple energy beams to stimulate the tissue, and a second beam of the multiple energy beams to ablate targeted tissue, wherein the first beam is used as an endpoint for energy delivery from the second beam. 37. The system of claim 34, wherein the computing device is configured to use a stimulating beam of the multiple energy beams for titration of energy delivery. 38. The system of claim 37, wherein the computing device is further configured to receive data from an injected sensor configured to detect collateral damage. 39. The system of claim 27, wherein the targeted tissue is mapped through successive at least one of cardiac cycles or respiratory cycles. 40. The system of claim 27, wherein the targeted tissue is mapped in real time during delivery of the accelerated atomic particles. 41. The system of claim 27, wherein the targeted tissue is mapped simultaneously and concurrently with delivery of the accelerated atomic particles to better focus energy delivery. 42. The system of claim 41, the computing device further configured to control percutaneous, pericardial, subdural, per venous, and per subcutaneous electrodes such that mapping of targeted tissue and delivery of the accelerated atomic particles occur concurrently with sensing and stimulation of the targeted tissue. 43. The system of claim 27, wherein the accelerated atomic particles are at least one of atoms or protons. 44. The system of claim 27, wherein the accelerated atomic particles are carbon atoms. 45. The system of claim 27, wherein the system is configured to use the accelerated atomic particles to treat the targeted tissue externally and non-invasively. 46. The system of claim 27, wherein the system is configured to use the accelerated atomic particles to treat a portion of the heart of the subject externally and non-invasively. 47. The system of claim 27, wherein the computing device is configured to treat targeted tissue with the accelerated atomic particles in conjunction with at least one of injectable devices or injectable particles. 48. The system of claim 47, wherein the injectable devices are adjunctive catheters. 49. The system of claim 48, wherein the adjunctive catheters include circuitry and electromagnetic navigation to enhance cardiac registration. 50. The system of claim 49, wherein the targeted tissue is a portion of the brain of the subject, the portion being in close proximity to sensitive vasculature or conduction tissue. 51. The system of claim 27, the computing device further configured to use an adjunctive, adjoined, or integrated ultrasound beam delivery device to mechanically stimulate or move sensitive structures not to be targeted. 52. The system of claim 51, wherein the computing device is configured to synchronize delivery of an ultrasound beam using the ultrasound beam delivery device with particle beam delivery using the particle delivery device. | Particle or hadron therapy is used on abnormal tissue using carbon atoms, protons, or helium atoms run through a linear accelerator and then directed at the target in the body. This can be used to treat, for example, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, hypertension, seizures, gastrointestinal maladies, etc. Contouring and gating may be used to account for cardiac and respiratory motion, helping reduce collateral damage.1. A method for delivering accelerated atomic particles at a targeted tissue of a subject, the method comprising mapping the targeted tissue to compensate for movements of the targeted tissue during delivery of the accelerated atomic particles, the movements resulting from respiratory and cardiac motion of the subject. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises using gating to compensate for the movements. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein contouring is used to follow critical targets in the targeted tissue through subsequent treatment cycles to better avoid non-targeted tissue surrounding the critical targets. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein mapping the targeted tissue comprises phase contouring. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the phase contouring comprises pre-procedural imaging to obtain sequential images throughout a treatment cycle, and tagging structures based on characteristics of structures during movement in the treatment cycle. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the phase contouring further comprises analyzing a treatment cycle using a template cycle. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the phase contouring provides feedback information such that delivery of the accelerated atomic particles can be varied based on changes in the phase contouring. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising delivering the accelerated atomic particles using multiple energy beams to enhance Bragg peak effects. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein a first beam of the multiple energy beams provides a low-dose delivery to induce perturbations in a contour of the targeted tissue at a site of application, and a second beam of the multiple energy beams is subsequently used to test for the site of application. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein a first beam of the multiple energy beams is used to stimulate the tissue, while a second beam of the multiple energy beams is used to ablate targeted tissue, wherein the first beam is used as an endpoint for energy delivery from the second beam. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein a stimulating beam of the multiple energy beams is used for titration of energy delivery. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising using an injected sensor to detect collateral damage. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the targeted tissue is mapped through successive at least one of cardiac cycles or respiratory cycles. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the targeted tissue is mapped in real time during delivery of the accelerated atomic particles. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the targeted tissue is mapped simultaneously and concurrently with delivery of the accelerated atomic particles to better focus energy delivery. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising using percutaneous, pericardial, subdural, per venous, and per subcutaneous placement of electrodes such that mapping of targeted tissue and delivery of accelerated atomic particles occur concurrently with sensing and stimulation of the targeted tissue. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the accelerated atomic particles are at least one of atoms or protons. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the accelerated atomic particles are carbon atoms. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the targeted tissue is treated using the accelerated atomic particles externally and non-invasively. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the targeted tissue is a portion of the heart of the subject, and treated using the accelerated atomic particles externally and non-invasively. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the targeted tissue is treated with the accelerated atomic particles in conjunction with at least one of injectable devices or injectable particles. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the injectable devices are adjunctive catheters. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the adjunctive catheters include circuitry and electromagnetic navigation to enhance cardiac registration. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the targeted tissue is a portion of the brain of the subject, the portion being in close proximity to sensitive vasculature or conduction tissue. 25. The method of claim 1, further comprising using an adjunctive, adjoined, or integrated ultrasound beam delivery device to mechanically stimulate or move sensitive structures not to be targeted. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein delivery of an ultrasound beam using the ultrasound beam delivery device is synchronized with delivery of the accelerated atomic particles. 27. A system for delivering accelerated atomic particles at a targeted tissue of a subject, the system comprising a particle delivery device controlled by a computing device that is configured to map targeted tissue to compensate for movements of the targeted tissue during delivery of the accelerated atomic particles, the movements resulting from respiratory and cardiac motion of the subject. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the computing device is configured to gate delivery of the accelerated atomic particles using the particle delivery device to compensate for the movements. 29. The system of claim 28, wherein contouring is used to follow critical targets in the targeted tissue through subsequent treatment cycles to better avoid non-targeted tissue surrounding the critical targets. 30. The system of claim 27, wherein mapping the targeted tissue comprises phase contouring. 31. The system of claim 30, wherein the phase contouring comprises using sequential images obtained throughout a treatment cycle pre-procedurally, and tagging structures based on characteristics of structures during movement in the treatment cycle. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein the phase contouring further comprises analyzing a treatment cycle using a template cycle. 33. The system of claim 30, wherein the phase contouring provides feedback information such that delivery of the accelerated atomic particles can be varied by the computing device based on changes in the phase contouring. 34. The system of claim 27, wherein the particle delivery device is configured to provide multiple energy beams, and the computing device is configured to enhance Bragg peak effects using the multiple energy beams. 35. The system of claim 34, wherein the computing device is configured to provide a first beam of the multiple energy beams as a low-dose delivery to induce perturbations in a contour of the targeted tissue at a site of application, and deliver a second beam of the multiple energy beams that is subsequently used to test for the site of application. 36. The system of claim 34, wherein the computing device is configured to use a first beam of the multiple energy beams to stimulate the tissue, and a second beam of the multiple energy beams to ablate targeted tissue, wherein the first beam is used as an endpoint for energy delivery from the second beam. 37. The system of claim 34, wherein the computing device is configured to use a stimulating beam of the multiple energy beams for titration of energy delivery. 38. The system of claim 37, wherein the computing device is further configured to receive data from an injected sensor configured to detect collateral damage. 39. The system of claim 27, wherein the targeted tissue is mapped through successive at least one of cardiac cycles or respiratory cycles. 40. The system of claim 27, wherein the targeted tissue is mapped in real time during delivery of the accelerated atomic particles. 41. The system of claim 27, wherein the targeted tissue is mapped simultaneously and concurrently with delivery of the accelerated atomic particles to better focus energy delivery. 42. The system of claim 41, the computing device further configured to control percutaneous, pericardial, subdural, per venous, and per subcutaneous electrodes such that mapping of targeted tissue and delivery of the accelerated atomic particles occur concurrently with sensing and stimulation of the targeted tissue. 43. The system of claim 27, wherein the accelerated atomic particles are at least one of atoms or protons. 44. The system of claim 27, wherein the accelerated atomic particles are carbon atoms. 45. The system of claim 27, wherein the system is configured to use the accelerated atomic particles to treat the targeted tissue externally and non-invasively. 46. The system of claim 27, wherein the system is configured to use the accelerated atomic particles to treat a portion of the heart of the subject externally and non-invasively. 47. The system of claim 27, wherein the computing device is configured to treat targeted tissue with the accelerated atomic particles in conjunction with at least one of injectable devices or injectable particles. 48. The system of claim 47, wherein the injectable devices are adjunctive catheters. 49. The system of claim 48, wherein the adjunctive catheters include circuitry and electromagnetic navigation to enhance cardiac registration. 50. The system of claim 49, wherein the targeted tissue is a portion of the brain of the subject, the portion being in close proximity to sensitive vasculature or conduction tissue. 51. The system of claim 27, the computing device further configured to use an adjunctive, adjoined, or integrated ultrasound beam delivery device to mechanically stimulate or move sensitive structures not to be targeted. 52. The system of claim 51, wherein the computing device is configured to synchronize delivery of an ultrasound beam using the ultrasound beam delivery device with particle beam delivery using the particle delivery device. | 2,600 |
338,872 | 16,641,923 | 2,665 | A voltage adjustment method, a voltage adjustment device and a display device are provided. The voltage adjustment method is applied to a display device, and includes: determining an offset reference voltage, the offset reference voltage is smaller than or equal to a voltage obtained by subtracting a minimum gamma voltage of the display device from a minimum initial pixel voltage among initial pixel voltages of all pixels on a display screen of a current frame of the display device; decreasing a common voltage of the display device by the offset reference voltage; and decreasing an initial pixel voltage of each pixel on the display screen of the current frame of the display device by the offset reference voltage. | 1. A voltage adjustment method, applied to a display device and comprising:
determining an offset reference voltage, wherein the offset reference voltage is smaller than or equal to a voltage obtained by subtracting a minimum gamma voltage of the display device from a minimum initial pixel voltage among initial pixel voltages of all pixels on a display screen of a current frame of the display device; decreasing a common voltage of the display device by the offset reference voltage; and decreasing an initial pixel voltage of each pixel on the display screen of the current frame of the display device by the offset reference voltage. 2. The voltage adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein the determining the offset reference voltage comprises:
taking the voltage obtained by subtracting the minimum gamma voltage from the minimum initial pixel voltage of the display screen of the current frame of the display device as the offset reference voltage. 3. The voltage adjustment method according to claim 1, further comprising:
subsequent to the decreasing the initial pixel voltage of each pixel on the display screen of the current frame of the display device by the offset reference voltage, decreasing a power supply voltage of the display device, to make a difference between the power supply voltage and a maximum pixel voltage among decreased pixel voltages of all pixels on the display screen of the current frame to be not larger than a preset threshold. 4. The voltage adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein the initial pixel voltage of each pixel on the display screen of the current frame is larger than the minimum gamma voltage, and the offset reference voltage is a positive voltage. 5. A voltage adjustment device, applied to a display device and comprising:
a determining circuit, configured to determine an offset reference voltage, wherein the offset reference voltage is smaller than or equal to a voltage obtained by subtracting a minimum gamma voltage of the display device from a minimum initial pixel voltage among initial pixel voltages of all pixels on a display screen of a current frame of the display device; and a processing circuit, configured to decrease a common voltage of the display device by the offset reference voltage; and decrease an initial pixel voltage of each pixel on the display screen of the current frame of the display device by the offset reference voltage. 6. The voltage adjustment device according to claim 5, wherein the determining circuit is configured to take the voltage obtained by subtracting the minimum gamma voltage from the minimum initial pixel voltage of the display screen of the current frame of the display device as the offset reference voltage. 7. The voltage adjustment device according to claim 5, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to decrease a power supply voltage of the display device, to make a difference between the power supply voltage and a maximum pixel voltage among decreased pixel voltages of all pixels on the display screen of the current frame to be not larger than a preset threshold. 8. The voltage adjustment device according to claim 5, wherein the initial pixel voltage of each pixel on the display screen of the current frame is larger than the minimum gamma voltage, and the offset reference voltage is a positive voltage. 9. A voltage adjustment device, comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute the computer program to perform the voltage adjustment method according to claim 1. 10. A computer-readable storage medium storing, a computer program, wherein the computer program is executed by a processor to perform the voltage adjustment method according to claim 1. 11. A display device comprising the voltage adjustment device according to claim 5. | A voltage adjustment method, a voltage adjustment device and a display device are provided. The voltage adjustment method is applied to a display device, and includes: determining an offset reference voltage, the offset reference voltage is smaller than or equal to a voltage obtained by subtracting a minimum gamma voltage of the display device from a minimum initial pixel voltage among initial pixel voltages of all pixels on a display screen of a current frame of the display device; decreasing a common voltage of the display device by the offset reference voltage; and decreasing an initial pixel voltage of each pixel on the display screen of the current frame of the display device by the offset reference voltage.1. A voltage adjustment method, applied to a display device and comprising:
determining an offset reference voltage, wherein the offset reference voltage is smaller than or equal to a voltage obtained by subtracting a minimum gamma voltage of the display device from a minimum initial pixel voltage among initial pixel voltages of all pixels on a display screen of a current frame of the display device; decreasing a common voltage of the display device by the offset reference voltage; and decreasing an initial pixel voltage of each pixel on the display screen of the current frame of the display device by the offset reference voltage. 2. The voltage adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein the determining the offset reference voltage comprises:
taking the voltage obtained by subtracting the minimum gamma voltage from the minimum initial pixel voltage of the display screen of the current frame of the display device as the offset reference voltage. 3. The voltage adjustment method according to claim 1, further comprising:
subsequent to the decreasing the initial pixel voltage of each pixel on the display screen of the current frame of the display device by the offset reference voltage, decreasing a power supply voltage of the display device, to make a difference between the power supply voltage and a maximum pixel voltage among decreased pixel voltages of all pixels on the display screen of the current frame to be not larger than a preset threshold. 4. The voltage adjustment method according to claim 1, wherein the initial pixel voltage of each pixel on the display screen of the current frame is larger than the minimum gamma voltage, and the offset reference voltage is a positive voltage. 5. A voltage adjustment device, applied to a display device and comprising:
a determining circuit, configured to determine an offset reference voltage, wherein the offset reference voltage is smaller than or equal to a voltage obtained by subtracting a minimum gamma voltage of the display device from a minimum initial pixel voltage among initial pixel voltages of all pixels on a display screen of a current frame of the display device; and a processing circuit, configured to decrease a common voltage of the display device by the offset reference voltage; and decrease an initial pixel voltage of each pixel on the display screen of the current frame of the display device by the offset reference voltage. 6. The voltage adjustment device according to claim 5, wherein the determining circuit is configured to take the voltage obtained by subtracting the minimum gamma voltage from the minimum initial pixel voltage of the display screen of the current frame of the display device as the offset reference voltage. 7. The voltage adjustment device according to claim 5, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to decrease a power supply voltage of the display device, to make a difference between the power supply voltage and a maximum pixel voltage among decreased pixel voltages of all pixels on the display screen of the current frame to be not larger than a preset threshold. 8. The voltage adjustment device according to claim 5, wherein the initial pixel voltage of each pixel on the display screen of the current frame is larger than the minimum gamma voltage, and the offset reference voltage is a positive voltage. 9. A voltage adjustment device, comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute the computer program to perform the voltage adjustment method according to claim 1. 10. A computer-readable storage medium storing, a computer program, wherein the computer program is executed by a processor to perform the voltage adjustment method according to claim 1. 11. A display device comprising the voltage adjustment device according to claim 5. | 2,600 |
338,873 | 16,641,949 | 2,665 | The invention relates to a feeding device for poultry such as cocks, comprising an elongated feed transporting element with at least a bottom wall, a feed trough provided underneath it and parallel to it with a bottom, upright side walls and an at least partially open upper side, a feed transporting device for transporting feed through the feed transporting element, and a displacing device for moving the feed transporting element and the feed trough in a vertical direction relative to one another between a filling position and a feeding position, wherein the feed transporting element is provided on its underside with a plurality of passages for feed and a plurality of individual metering units provided at a distance from one another on the underside of the feed transporting element, each of which connects to one passage of the plurality of passages and each of which is configured for metering an individual, predetermined portion of feed received from the feed transporting element into the feed trough. The invention also relates to a method for feeding poultry such as cocks, and an animal house provided with such a feeding device. | 1. Feeding device for poultry such as cocks, comprising
an elongate feed transporting element with at least a bottom wall, a feed trough provided underneath it and parallel to it, which is provided with a bottom, upright side walls and an at least partially open upper side, a feed transporting device for transporting feed through the feed transporting element, and a displacing device for moving the feed transporting element and the feed trough in a vertical direction relative to one another between a filling position and a feeding position, wherein the feed transporting element is provided on its underside with a plurality of passages for feed and a plurality of individual metering units provided at a distance from one another on the underside of the feed transporting element, each of which connects to a passage of the plurality of passages and each of which is configured for metering an individual, predetermined portion of feed received from the feed transporting element into the feed trough, wherein each metering unit comprises a metering space delimited at least partly by a perimeter wall, wherein the metering space determines a volume for the portion of feed to be metered with said metering unit, in which, at least in the filling position, each metering unit is in contact with the bottom of the feed trough so that the peripheral wall of the metering unit together with the bottom of the feed trough and the bottom wall of the feed transporting element closes the metering space of the metering unit for feed so as to be able to fill the metering space in the filling position with the portion of feed from the feed transporting element, via the respective passage, and wherein, in the feeding position, the feed transporting element is located at a greater distance from the feed trough than in the filling position, so that the plurality of metering units are clear of the bottom of the feed trough so that the portions of feed metered on the bottom of the feed trough are accessible for the poultry. 2. Feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the feeding device comprises adjusting means for setting the mutual distance between the feed transporting element and the bottom of the feed trough in the filling position, wherein the adjusting means comprise a number of spacers each with a supporting surface for supporting the feed transporting element, wherein the distance between the supporting surface and the bottom of the feed trough is adjustable for setting, at the location of each spacer, the mutual distance between the feed transporting element and the bottom of the feed trough, so that the volume of the metering space of each of the metering units can be altered in relation to the mutual distance between the feed transporting element and the bottom of the feed trough. 3. Feeding device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, in the filling position, the feed transporting element is at a predetermined distance from the bottom of the feed trough, adjustable in a range between a minimum and a maximum value, wherein a height of the peripheral wall of each of the metering units, in the vertical direction, can be altered so that, in the range between the minimum and the maximum value, the metering unit is in contact with the bottom of the feed trough. 4. Feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the perimeter wall of each of the metering units comprises a first wall part and a second wall part, wherein the first wall part and the second wall part are arranged to surround the metering space at least partially, wherein the first wall part and the second wall part are movable relative to one other for altering the volume of the metering space of the metering unit. 5. Feeding device according to claim 4, wherein the first wall part of each of the metering units is arranged so as to surround the second wall part of the metering unit at least partly on the outside thereof, wherein the first wall part is slidable along an outer side of the second wall part for altering the volume of the metering space of the metering unit. 6. Feeding device according to claim 5, wherein the first wall part is shell-shaped and connects on an upper side to the feed transporting element and on an underside has a preferably collar-shaped wall part extending outwards, and wherein the second wall part is shell-shaped and on an upper side has a wall part extending inwards that surrounds the shell shape of the first wall part and with which the second wall part can be suspended on the first wall part. 7. Feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the volume of the metering space of each of the metering units in operation of the metering device changes automatically as a result of mutual movement of the feed trough and feed transporting element in the vertical direction. 8. Feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the metering units are provided at a distance apart in the range 5-50 cm, preferably 10-25 cm. 9. Feeding device according to claim 2, wherein, in the filling position, the volume of the metering space of each of the metering units is in the range 0.01-0.05 m3. 10. Feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the feed trough, viewed over its length, is provided with suspension elements located at a distance from each other for suspending the feed trough in an animal house. 11. Feeding device according to claim 10, wherein in each case a spacer is connected to a suspension element. 12. Feeding device according to claim 11, wherein the suspension elements are plate-shaped wherein the plate surface is located transversely to the longitudinal direction of the feed trough, wherein a slot is made in the plate surface transversely to the bottom of the feed trough, which is adapted to the geometry of the feed transporting element, wherein the feed transporting element extends through slots of suspension elements and wherein, in the filling position, the feed transporting element comes up against ends of the slots located near the bottom of the feed trough or against the spacers. 13. Feeding device according to claim 11, wherein each of the spacers is connected by means of a stepwise adjustable connection to the associated suspension element. 14. Feeding device according to claim 12, wherein the slots have an open end on an upper side of the suspension elements, said open end being funnel-shaped for guiding the feed transporting element into the slot during movement from the feeding position to the filling position. 15. Feeding device according to claim 10, wherein the displacing device is arranged for raising the feed trough in the vertical direction on the suspension elements of the feed trough towards the feed transporting element, for moving the feed trough from the feeding position to the filling position. 16. Feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the displacing device comprises a pulley and/or a winch structure, preferably a pipe winch or a cable winch, for moving the feed transporting element and the feed trough in the vertical direction relative to one other. 17. Animal house provided with at least one feeding device according to claim 1. 18. Method for using a feeding device according to claim 1, comprising the successive steps of:
a) in the filling position, transporting feed with the feed transporting device through the feed transporting element in such a way that feed is filled via the passages from the feed transporting element into the respective metering spaces of the metering units, b) after stopping the transporting, bringing the feeding device into the feeding position by moving the feed trough and the feed transporting element away from each other so that the metering units are no longer in contact with the bottom of the feed trough and so that poultry is able to reach the feed from the metering spaces on the bottom of the feed trough, c) allowing feed to be eaten by poultry, d) moving the feeding device to the filling position by moving the feed trough and the feed transporting element towards each other, and e) repeating steps a) to d) inclusive. 19. Method according to claim 18, wherein between two successive steps d), the setting of the mutual distance in the filling position between the feed transporting element and the bottom of the feed trough is altered with the adjusting means in order to alter the volume of the metering spaces of the metering units. 20. Method according to claim 18 or 19, further comprising the step prior to step a) of determining a required amount of feed to be able to fill each of the metering spaces with feed, wherein this required amount of feed is transported by the feed transporting element during step a) so that step b) does not take place before at least almost the complete amount of feed has been filled in the metering spaces. | The invention relates to a feeding device for poultry such as cocks, comprising an elongated feed transporting element with at least a bottom wall, a feed trough provided underneath it and parallel to it with a bottom, upright side walls and an at least partially open upper side, a feed transporting device for transporting feed through the feed transporting element, and a displacing device for moving the feed transporting element and the feed trough in a vertical direction relative to one another between a filling position and a feeding position, wherein the feed transporting element is provided on its underside with a plurality of passages for feed and a plurality of individual metering units provided at a distance from one another on the underside of the feed transporting element, each of which connects to one passage of the plurality of passages and each of which is configured for metering an individual, predetermined portion of feed received from the feed transporting element into the feed trough. The invention also relates to a method for feeding poultry such as cocks, and an animal house provided with such a feeding device.1. Feeding device for poultry such as cocks, comprising
an elongate feed transporting element with at least a bottom wall, a feed trough provided underneath it and parallel to it, which is provided with a bottom, upright side walls and an at least partially open upper side, a feed transporting device for transporting feed through the feed transporting element, and a displacing device for moving the feed transporting element and the feed trough in a vertical direction relative to one another between a filling position and a feeding position, wherein the feed transporting element is provided on its underside with a plurality of passages for feed and a plurality of individual metering units provided at a distance from one another on the underside of the feed transporting element, each of which connects to a passage of the plurality of passages and each of which is configured for metering an individual, predetermined portion of feed received from the feed transporting element into the feed trough, wherein each metering unit comprises a metering space delimited at least partly by a perimeter wall, wherein the metering space determines a volume for the portion of feed to be metered with said metering unit, in which, at least in the filling position, each metering unit is in contact with the bottom of the feed trough so that the peripheral wall of the metering unit together with the bottom of the feed trough and the bottom wall of the feed transporting element closes the metering space of the metering unit for feed so as to be able to fill the metering space in the filling position with the portion of feed from the feed transporting element, via the respective passage, and wherein, in the feeding position, the feed transporting element is located at a greater distance from the feed trough than in the filling position, so that the plurality of metering units are clear of the bottom of the feed trough so that the portions of feed metered on the bottom of the feed trough are accessible for the poultry. 2. Feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the feeding device comprises adjusting means for setting the mutual distance between the feed transporting element and the bottom of the feed trough in the filling position, wherein the adjusting means comprise a number of spacers each with a supporting surface for supporting the feed transporting element, wherein the distance between the supporting surface and the bottom of the feed trough is adjustable for setting, at the location of each spacer, the mutual distance between the feed transporting element and the bottom of the feed trough, so that the volume of the metering space of each of the metering units can be altered in relation to the mutual distance between the feed transporting element and the bottom of the feed trough. 3. Feeding device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, in the filling position, the feed transporting element is at a predetermined distance from the bottom of the feed trough, adjustable in a range between a minimum and a maximum value, wherein a height of the peripheral wall of each of the metering units, in the vertical direction, can be altered so that, in the range between the minimum and the maximum value, the metering unit is in contact with the bottom of the feed trough. 4. Feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the perimeter wall of each of the metering units comprises a first wall part and a second wall part, wherein the first wall part and the second wall part are arranged to surround the metering space at least partially, wherein the first wall part and the second wall part are movable relative to one other for altering the volume of the metering space of the metering unit. 5. Feeding device according to claim 4, wherein the first wall part of each of the metering units is arranged so as to surround the second wall part of the metering unit at least partly on the outside thereof, wherein the first wall part is slidable along an outer side of the second wall part for altering the volume of the metering space of the metering unit. 6. Feeding device according to claim 5, wherein the first wall part is shell-shaped and connects on an upper side to the feed transporting element and on an underside has a preferably collar-shaped wall part extending outwards, and wherein the second wall part is shell-shaped and on an upper side has a wall part extending inwards that surrounds the shell shape of the first wall part and with which the second wall part can be suspended on the first wall part. 7. Feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the volume of the metering space of each of the metering units in operation of the metering device changes automatically as a result of mutual movement of the feed trough and feed transporting element in the vertical direction. 8. Feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the metering units are provided at a distance apart in the range 5-50 cm, preferably 10-25 cm. 9. Feeding device according to claim 2, wherein, in the filling position, the volume of the metering space of each of the metering units is in the range 0.01-0.05 m3. 10. Feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the feed trough, viewed over its length, is provided with suspension elements located at a distance from each other for suspending the feed trough in an animal house. 11. Feeding device according to claim 10, wherein in each case a spacer is connected to a suspension element. 12. Feeding device according to claim 11, wherein the suspension elements are plate-shaped wherein the plate surface is located transversely to the longitudinal direction of the feed trough, wherein a slot is made in the plate surface transversely to the bottom of the feed trough, which is adapted to the geometry of the feed transporting element, wherein the feed transporting element extends through slots of suspension elements and wherein, in the filling position, the feed transporting element comes up against ends of the slots located near the bottom of the feed trough or against the spacers. 13. Feeding device according to claim 11, wherein each of the spacers is connected by means of a stepwise adjustable connection to the associated suspension element. 14. Feeding device according to claim 12, wherein the slots have an open end on an upper side of the suspension elements, said open end being funnel-shaped for guiding the feed transporting element into the slot during movement from the feeding position to the filling position. 15. Feeding device according to claim 10, wherein the displacing device is arranged for raising the feed trough in the vertical direction on the suspension elements of the feed trough towards the feed transporting element, for moving the feed trough from the feeding position to the filling position. 16. Feeding device according to claim 1, wherein the displacing device comprises a pulley and/or a winch structure, preferably a pipe winch or a cable winch, for moving the feed transporting element and the feed trough in the vertical direction relative to one other. 17. Animal house provided with at least one feeding device according to claim 1. 18. Method for using a feeding device according to claim 1, comprising the successive steps of:
a) in the filling position, transporting feed with the feed transporting device through the feed transporting element in such a way that feed is filled via the passages from the feed transporting element into the respective metering spaces of the metering units, b) after stopping the transporting, bringing the feeding device into the feeding position by moving the feed trough and the feed transporting element away from each other so that the metering units are no longer in contact with the bottom of the feed trough and so that poultry is able to reach the feed from the metering spaces on the bottom of the feed trough, c) allowing feed to be eaten by poultry, d) moving the feeding device to the filling position by moving the feed trough and the feed transporting element towards each other, and e) repeating steps a) to d) inclusive. 19. Method according to claim 18, wherein between two successive steps d), the setting of the mutual distance in the filling position between the feed transporting element and the bottom of the feed trough is altered with the adjusting means in order to alter the volume of the metering spaces of the metering units. 20. Method according to claim 18 or 19, further comprising the step prior to step a) of determining a required amount of feed to be able to fill each of the metering spaces with feed, wherein this required amount of feed is transported by the feed transporting element during step a) so that step b) does not take place before at least almost the complete amount of feed has been filled in the metering spaces. | 2,600 |
338,874 | 16,641,926 | 2,665 | A Lewis acid polymerization catalyst has a general formula M(R1)1(R2)1(R3)1(R4)0 or 1, whereas M is boron, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independent, R1 is a 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-substituted phenyl group, R2 is the 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) substituted phenyl group or a first fluoro-substituted phenyl group selected from Set 1 structures, R3 is independently a second fluoro-substituted phenyl group selected from the Set 1 structures, and optional R4 includes a third functional group or functional polymer group. | 1. A Lewis acid polymerization catalyst, comprising:
a general formula M(R1)1(R2)1(R3)1(R4)0 or 1, whereas M is boron, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independent, R1 is a 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-substituted phenyl group, R2 is the 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-substituted phenyl group or a first substituted phenyl group selected from Set 1 structures, R3 is independently a second substituted phenyl group selected from the Set 1 structures, and optional R4 includes a functional group or functional polymer group, wherein the Set 1 structures are: 2. The Lewis acid catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein R2 is the 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-substituted phenyl group. 3. The Lewis acid catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein R2 is the first substituted phenyl group selected from Set 1 structures. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Lewis acid catalyst has the general formula M(R1)1(R2)1(R3)1(R4)1. 5. The Lewis acid catalyst as claimed in claim 4, wherein R4 is a cyclic ether having 3-10 carbon atoms. 6. The Lewis acid catalyst as claimed in claim 4, wherein R4 is a ketone having 3-10 carbon atoms. 7. The Lewis acid catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Lewis acid catalyst is a polymerization catalyst for forming a polyether polyol. 8. A polyether polyol that is a non-finished polyol that includes the Lewis acid catalyst as claimed in claim 1. 9. A polyurethane polymer that is the reaction product of the polyether polyol prepared with the Lewis acid catalyst as claimed in claim 1 and an isocyanate. 10. A method of producing a polyether polyol, the method comprising providing the Lewis acid catalyst as claimed in claim 1. | A Lewis acid polymerization catalyst has a general formula M(R1)1(R2)1(R3)1(R4)0 or 1, whereas M is boron, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independent, R1 is a 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-substituted phenyl group, R2 is the 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) substituted phenyl group or a first fluoro-substituted phenyl group selected from Set 1 structures, R3 is independently a second fluoro-substituted phenyl group selected from the Set 1 structures, and optional R4 includes a third functional group or functional polymer group.1. A Lewis acid polymerization catalyst, comprising:
a general formula M(R1)1(R2)1(R3)1(R4)0 or 1, whereas M is boron, R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independent, R1 is a 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-substituted phenyl group, R2 is the 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-substituted phenyl group or a first substituted phenyl group selected from Set 1 structures, R3 is independently a second substituted phenyl group selected from the Set 1 structures, and optional R4 includes a functional group or functional polymer group, wherein the Set 1 structures are: 2. The Lewis acid catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein R2 is the 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-substituted phenyl group. 3. The Lewis acid catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein R2 is the first substituted phenyl group selected from Set 1 structures. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Lewis acid catalyst has the general formula M(R1)1(R2)1(R3)1(R4)1. 5. The Lewis acid catalyst as claimed in claim 4, wherein R4 is a cyclic ether having 3-10 carbon atoms. 6. The Lewis acid catalyst as claimed in claim 4, wherein R4 is a ketone having 3-10 carbon atoms. 7. The Lewis acid catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Lewis acid catalyst is a polymerization catalyst for forming a polyether polyol. 8. A polyether polyol that is a non-finished polyol that includes the Lewis acid catalyst as claimed in claim 1. 9. A polyurethane polymer that is the reaction product of the polyether polyol prepared with the Lewis acid catalyst as claimed in claim 1 and an isocyanate. 10. A method of producing a polyether polyol, the method comprising providing the Lewis acid catalyst as claimed in claim 1. | 2,600 |
338,875 | 16,641,956 | 2,665 | The present invention relates to artificial leather, and more particularly, to artificial leather for automobile seat covers having excellent surface appearance and a method of manufacturing the artificial leather. When the artificial leather of the present invention is manufactured, surface treatment is performed before embossing molding that imparts a texture and cushioning similar to natural leather to artificial leather. Accordingly, the artificial leather of the present invention may be provided with a surface treatment layer having a uniform thickness, thereby exhibiting excellent surface appearance. | 1. Artificial leather, wherein a ratio of thickness of a portion of a surface treatment layer formed on a crest of an embossed pattern to thickness of a portion of the surface treatment layer formed on a valley of the embossed pattern is 0.7 to 1. 2. The artificial leather according to claim 1, wherein thickness difference between portions of the surface treatment layer respectively formed on a valley and a crest of the embossed pattern is less than 5 μm. 3. The artificial leather according to claim 1, wherein areas where a ratio of thickness of a portion of the surface treatment layer formed on a crest of the embossed pattern to thickness of a portion of the surface treatment layer formed on a valley of the embossed pattern is 0.7 to 1 occupy 80% or more of a total surface of the artificial leather. 4. The artificial leather according to claim 1, wherein the artificial leather comprises a back layer, foam layers, a skin layer, and the surface treatment layer laminated from bottom to top,
wherein the embossed pattern is formed on upper surfaces of the skin layer and the surface treatment layer. 5. The artificial leather according to claim 1, wherein the artificial leather has a microhardness of 45 to 59, wherein the microhardness is a maximum value measured immediately after a needle is brought into contact with the artificial leather at an indentation speed of 1 mm/s in a peak hold mode using a microhardness tester (Micro durometer, Model name: MD-1 capa, Brand: ASKER), i.e., when load holding time of the needle is 1 second. 6. A method of manufacturing the artificial leather according to claim 1, comprising:
step S1 of coating one surface of a back layer formed of woven fabric or nonwoven fabric with a coating solution; step S3 of separately forming a pre-foam layer or foam layer and a skin layer by molding; step S5 of laminating the back layer having one coated surface on a lower surface of the pre-foam layer or foam layer; step S7 of laminating the skin layer on an upper surface of the pre-foam layer or foam layer on which the back layer has been formed; step S9 of coating an upper surface of the skin layer with a water-based surface treatment agent to form a surface treatment layer; step S11 of irradiating an upper surface of the surface treatment layer with infrared light; and step S13 of forming an embossed pattern through vacuum adsorption molding on upper surfaces of the skin layer and surface treatment layer heated by irradiation with infrared light. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, in step S1, the coating solution is prepared by mixing, at room temperature, 70 to 130 parts by weight of a plasticizer and 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of a curing agent based on 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride resin. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the polyvinyl chloride resin is a mixed resin consisting of 60 to 90% by weight of a homopolymer of vinyl chloride and 10 to 40% by weight of a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein, when viscosity is measured at 25° C. using a Zahn cup (cup #3) viscometer, viscosity of the coating solution of step S1 is 80 to 140 seconds. 10. The method according to claim 6, wherein peel strength between the back layer and the foam layer is 2.5 to 6 kgf/30 mm. 11. The method according to claim 6, wherein, in step S3, the pre-foam layer or foam layer and the skin layer are formed through extrusion molding or calendering molding. 12. The method according to claim 6, wherein the pre-foam layer or foam layer is formed using a composition for preparing a pre-foam layer or foam layer, the composition comprising 60 to 120 parts by weight of a plasticizer and 5 to 15 parts by weight of a foaming agent based on 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride resin. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the polyvinyl chloride resin is a straight polyvinyl chloride resin having a degree of polymerization of 900 to 1,200. 14. The method according to claim 6, wherein the foam layer has a foaming rate of 100 to 500%. 15. The method according to claim 6, wherein foam cells formed in the foam layer are spherical foam cells having an average diameter of 120 to 250 nm, and the foam cells are comprised in a density of 10 to 30 per unit area of 1 mm2 of a side cross section or horizontal cross section of the foam layer. 16. The method according to claim 6, wherein, in step S3, the skin layer is formed using a composition for preparing a skin layer, the composition comprising 60 to 120 parts by weight of a plasticizer and a pigment based on 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride resin. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the polyvinyl chloride resin has a degree of polymerization of 1,250 to 3,000. 18. The method according to claim 6, wherein, in step S3, the pre-foam layer (13 a) and the skin layer (15) are separately formed, and, after step S7, the method further comprises step S8 of forming a foam layer (13 b′) by foaming the pre-foam layer (13 a). 19. The method according to claim 6, wherein, in step S11, infrared light radiation is performed at a temperature of 150 to 180° C. for 5 to 15 seconds. 20. The method according to claim 6, wherein, in step S13, the embossed pattern (19) is formed through vacuum adsorption molding, and step S13 is performed at a temperature of 160 to 180° C. under a vacuum pressure of 0.02 to 0.08 MPa. | The present invention relates to artificial leather, and more particularly, to artificial leather for automobile seat covers having excellent surface appearance and a method of manufacturing the artificial leather. When the artificial leather of the present invention is manufactured, surface treatment is performed before embossing molding that imparts a texture and cushioning similar to natural leather to artificial leather. Accordingly, the artificial leather of the present invention may be provided with a surface treatment layer having a uniform thickness, thereby exhibiting excellent surface appearance.1. Artificial leather, wherein a ratio of thickness of a portion of a surface treatment layer formed on a crest of an embossed pattern to thickness of a portion of the surface treatment layer formed on a valley of the embossed pattern is 0.7 to 1. 2. The artificial leather according to claim 1, wherein thickness difference between portions of the surface treatment layer respectively formed on a valley and a crest of the embossed pattern is less than 5 μm. 3. The artificial leather according to claim 1, wherein areas where a ratio of thickness of a portion of the surface treatment layer formed on a crest of the embossed pattern to thickness of a portion of the surface treatment layer formed on a valley of the embossed pattern is 0.7 to 1 occupy 80% or more of a total surface of the artificial leather. 4. The artificial leather according to claim 1, wherein the artificial leather comprises a back layer, foam layers, a skin layer, and the surface treatment layer laminated from bottom to top,
wherein the embossed pattern is formed on upper surfaces of the skin layer and the surface treatment layer. 5. The artificial leather according to claim 1, wherein the artificial leather has a microhardness of 45 to 59, wherein the microhardness is a maximum value measured immediately after a needle is brought into contact with the artificial leather at an indentation speed of 1 mm/s in a peak hold mode using a microhardness tester (Micro durometer, Model name: MD-1 capa, Brand: ASKER), i.e., when load holding time of the needle is 1 second. 6. A method of manufacturing the artificial leather according to claim 1, comprising:
step S1 of coating one surface of a back layer formed of woven fabric or nonwoven fabric with a coating solution; step S3 of separately forming a pre-foam layer or foam layer and a skin layer by molding; step S5 of laminating the back layer having one coated surface on a lower surface of the pre-foam layer or foam layer; step S7 of laminating the skin layer on an upper surface of the pre-foam layer or foam layer on which the back layer has been formed; step S9 of coating an upper surface of the skin layer with a water-based surface treatment agent to form a surface treatment layer; step S11 of irradiating an upper surface of the surface treatment layer with infrared light; and step S13 of forming an embossed pattern through vacuum adsorption molding on upper surfaces of the skin layer and surface treatment layer heated by irradiation with infrared light. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, in step S1, the coating solution is prepared by mixing, at room temperature, 70 to 130 parts by weight of a plasticizer and 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of a curing agent based on 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride resin. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the polyvinyl chloride resin is a mixed resin consisting of 60 to 90% by weight of a homopolymer of vinyl chloride and 10 to 40% by weight of a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein, when viscosity is measured at 25° C. using a Zahn cup (cup #3) viscometer, viscosity of the coating solution of step S1 is 80 to 140 seconds. 10. The method according to claim 6, wherein peel strength between the back layer and the foam layer is 2.5 to 6 kgf/30 mm. 11. The method according to claim 6, wherein, in step S3, the pre-foam layer or foam layer and the skin layer are formed through extrusion molding or calendering molding. 12. The method according to claim 6, wherein the pre-foam layer or foam layer is formed using a composition for preparing a pre-foam layer or foam layer, the composition comprising 60 to 120 parts by weight of a plasticizer and 5 to 15 parts by weight of a foaming agent based on 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride resin. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the polyvinyl chloride resin is a straight polyvinyl chloride resin having a degree of polymerization of 900 to 1,200. 14. The method according to claim 6, wherein the foam layer has a foaming rate of 100 to 500%. 15. The method according to claim 6, wherein foam cells formed in the foam layer are spherical foam cells having an average diameter of 120 to 250 nm, and the foam cells are comprised in a density of 10 to 30 per unit area of 1 mm2 of a side cross section or horizontal cross section of the foam layer. 16. The method according to claim 6, wherein, in step S3, the skin layer is formed using a composition for preparing a skin layer, the composition comprising 60 to 120 parts by weight of a plasticizer and a pigment based on 100 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride resin. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the polyvinyl chloride resin has a degree of polymerization of 1,250 to 3,000. 18. The method according to claim 6, wherein, in step S3, the pre-foam layer (13 a) and the skin layer (15) are separately formed, and, after step S7, the method further comprises step S8 of forming a foam layer (13 b′) by foaming the pre-foam layer (13 a). 19. The method according to claim 6, wherein, in step S11, infrared light radiation is performed at a temperature of 150 to 180° C. for 5 to 15 seconds. 20. The method according to claim 6, wherein, in step S13, the embossed pattern (19) is formed through vacuum adsorption molding, and step S13 is performed at a temperature of 160 to 180° C. under a vacuum pressure of 0.02 to 0.08 MPa. | 2,600 |
338,876 | 16,641,933 | 2,665 | Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a phased-array antenna, a display panel, and a display device. The phased-array antenna includes a first substrate and a second substrate arranged oppositely, and a plurality of phased-array elements located between the first substrate and the second substrate. At least one of the phased-array elements includes a first electrode, a second electrode arranged opposite to the first electrode, a voltage-controlled phase shift material located between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the first electrode is configured to receive a bias signal for controlling the voltage-controlled phase shift material, and the second electrode serves as a ground electrode, and a microstrip line located at a side of the first electrode far away from the voltage-controlled phase shift material and electrically insulated from the first electrode, wherein the microstrip line is configured to receive or transmit a transmission signal. | 1. A phased-array antenna comprising:
a first substrate; and a plurality of phased-array elements arranged on the first substrate, wherein at least one of the plurality of phased-array elements comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode arranged opposite to the first electrode; a voltage-controlled phase shift material located between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the first electrode is configured to receive a bias signal for controlling the voltage-controlled phase shift material, and wherein the second electrode serves as a ground electrode; and a microstrip line located at a side of the first electrode far away from the voltage-controlled phase shift material and electrically insulated from the first electrode, wherein the microstrip line is configured to receive or transmit a transmission signal. 2. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first electrode is greater than about 0.01 μm and less than about 0.5 μm. 3. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein an orthographic projection of the microstrip line on the first substrate overlaps an orthographic projection of the first electrode on the first substrate. 4. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first electrodes of different phased-array elements are electrically isolated. 5. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of phased-array elements further comprises an insulation layer located between the microstrip line and the first electrode. 6. (canceled) 7. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the microstrip line have a spiral or snakelike shape. 8. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the second electrode comprises a block electrode. 9. The phased-array antenna according to claim 8, wherein the second electrodes of different phased-array elements are formed integrally. 10. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, further comprising a feed interface configured to transmit the transmission signal, and a power divider configured to couple the feed interface to the microstrip line of the respective phased-array element. 11. The phased-array antenna according to claim 10, wherein the power divider and the microstrip line are arranged in a same layer. 12. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, further comprising a pin located in a peripheral region of the phased array and a wiring coupling the pin to the first electrode. 13. The phased-array antenna according to claim 12, wherein the pin, the wiring, and the first electrode are arranged in a same layer. 14. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the voltage-controlled phase shift material comprises a liquid crystal material. 15. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, further comprising a second substrate, the plurality of phased-array elements being arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate. 16. The phased-array antenna according to claim 15, further comprising a first alignment layer located on a side of the first electrode close to the voltage-controlled phase shift material, and a second alignment layer located on a side of the second electrode close to the voltage-controlled phase shift material. 17. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein a material of the first electrode comprises one or two of metal and metal oxide, and wherein a material of the microstrip line comprises metal. 18. (canceled) 19. A display panel comprising the phased-array antenna according to claim 1. 20. The display panel according to claim 19, wherein the phased-array antenna is located in a peripheral region of the display panel. 21. The display panel according to claim 19, wherein the display panel comprises a liquid crystal display panel having a color filter substrate and an array substrate, wherein the first substrate is one of the color filter substrate and the array substrate, and wherein the second substrate is the other of the color filter substrate and the array substrate. 22. amended) A display device comprising the display panel according to claim 19. | Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a phased-array antenna, a display panel, and a display device. The phased-array antenna includes a first substrate and a second substrate arranged oppositely, and a plurality of phased-array elements located between the first substrate and the second substrate. At least one of the phased-array elements includes a first electrode, a second electrode arranged opposite to the first electrode, a voltage-controlled phase shift material located between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the first electrode is configured to receive a bias signal for controlling the voltage-controlled phase shift material, and the second electrode serves as a ground electrode, and a microstrip line located at a side of the first electrode far away from the voltage-controlled phase shift material and electrically insulated from the first electrode, wherein the microstrip line is configured to receive or transmit a transmission signal.1. A phased-array antenna comprising:
a first substrate; and a plurality of phased-array elements arranged on the first substrate, wherein at least one of the plurality of phased-array elements comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode arranged opposite to the first electrode; a voltage-controlled phase shift material located between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the first electrode is configured to receive a bias signal for controlling the voltage-controlled phase shift material, and wherein the second electrode serves as a ground electrode; and a microstrip line located at a side of the first electrode far away from the voltage-controlled phase shift material and electrically insulated from the first electrode, wherein the microstrip line is configured to receive or transmit a transmission signal. 2. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the first electrode is greater than about 0.01 μm and less than about 0.5 μm. 3. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein an orthographic projection of the microstrip line on the first substrate overlaps an orthographic projection of the first electrode on the first substrate. 4. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first electrodes of different phased-array elements are electrically isolated. 5. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of phased-array elements further comprises an insulation layer located between the microstrip line and the first electrode. 6. (canceled) 7. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the microstrip line have a spiral or snakelike shape. 8. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the second electrode comprises a block electrode. 9. The phased-array antenna according to claim 8, wherein the second electrodes of different phased-array elements are formed integrally. 10. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, further comprising a feed interface configured to transmit the transmission signal, and a power divider configured to couple the feed interface to the microstrip line of the respective phased-array element. 11. The phased-array antenna according to claim 10, wherein the power divider and the microstrip line are arranged in a same layer. 12. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, further comprising a pin located in a peripheral region of the phased array and a wiring coupling the pin to the first electrode. 13. The phased-array antenna according to claim 12, wherein the pin, the wiring, and the first electrode are arranged in a same layer. 14. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the voltage-controlled phase shift material comprises a liquid crystal material. 15. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, further comprising a second substrate, the plurality of phased-array elements being arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate. 16. The phased-array antenna according to claim 15, further comprising a first alignment layer located on a side of the first electrode close to the voltage-controlled phase shift material, and a second alignment layer located on a side of the second electrode close to the voltage-controlled phase shift material. 17. The phased-array antenna according to claim 1, wherein a material of the first electrode comprises one or two of metal and metal oxide, and wherein a material of the microstrip line comprises metal. 18. (canceled) 19. A display panel comprising the phased-array antenna according to claim 1. 20. The display panel according to claim 19, wherein the phased-array antenna is located in a peripheral region of the display panel. 21. The display panel according to claim 19, wherein the display panel comprises a liquid crystal display panel having a color filter substrate and an array substrate, wherein the first substrate is one of the color filter substrate and the array substrate, and wherein the second substrate is the other of the color filter substrate and the array substrate. 22. amended) A display device comprising the display panel according to claim 19. | 2,600 |
338,877 | 16,641,930 | 2,665 | A polycarbonate resin having a high refractive index, a low Abbe number and a high moisture and heat resistance is provided. In an embodiment, a polycarbonate resin including a structural unit represented by general formula (1) below is provided. | 1. A polycarbonate resin, comprising a structural unit expressed by general formula (1) below: 2. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, wherein the polycarbonate resin includes the structural unit expressed by general formula (1) at more than 50 mol %. 3. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, wherein at least one of R1 and R2 in general formula (1) is an aryl group having a carbon number of 6 to 20. 4. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 3, wherein at least two of R1 and R2 in general formula (1) are each an aryl group having a carbon number of 6 to 14. 5. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, wherein the structural unit expressed by general formula (1) includes at least any one of structural units expressed by general formulas (A-1) through (A-7) below: 6. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, further comprising at least one of structural units expressed by general formulas (2) and (3) below: 7. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 6, wherein the polycarbonate resin includes a copolymer that includes at least the structural unit expressed by general formula (1) and the structural unit expressed by general formula (2). 8. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 7, wherein the copolymer further includes a structural unit expressed by general formula (3-1) below: 9. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 6, wherein the polycarbonate resin includes a copolymer that includes at least the structural unit expressed by general formula (1) and the structural unit expressed by general formula (3). 10. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 9, wherein the copolymer further includes a structural unit expressed by general formula (2-1) below: 11. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, wherein the polycarbonate resin includes the structural units expressed by general formulas (1) and (2) at 20 to 80 mol % in total. 12. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, further comprising at least one of structural units expressed by general formula (4) below: 13. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 12, comprising at least a structural unit of BNEF (9,9-bis(6-(2-hydroxyethoxy)naphthalene-2-yl)fluorene). 14. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 12, comprising at least a structural unit of 2,2′-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthalene. 15. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 12, further comprising at least a structural unit of BPPEF (9,9-bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-phenylphenyl)fluorene). 16. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, wherein the aryl group is selected from pyrenyl group, furanyl group, benzodioxanyl group, dihydrobenzofuranyl group, piperonyl group, benzofuranyl group, dibenzofuranyl group, pyrrolidinyl group, isoquinolyl group, pyrimidinyl group, and carbazole group, which may be substituted by an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 6, an alkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 6, or an aryl group having a carbon number of 6 to 16. 17. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, wherein the polycarbonate resin has a value of refractive index of 1.655 or greater. 18. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, where R1 and R2 are identical. 19. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, where R1 and R2 are identical or different and selected from mono- or polycyclic aryl having from 6 to 36 carbon atoms and mono- or polycyclic hetaryl having a total of 5 to 36 atoms, which are ring members, where 1, 2, 3 or 4 of these atoms are selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen, while the remainder of these atoms are carbon atoms,
where mono- or polycyclic aryl and mono- or polycyclic hetaryl are unsubstituted. 20. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, where R1 and R2 are selected from the group consisting of
azulenyl, indenyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 radicals selected from phenyl and polycyclic aryl bearing bearing 2, 3 or 4 phenyl rings, which are linked to each other via a single bond, directly fused to each other and/or fused to a saturated or unsaturated 4- to 10-membered mono- or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring; phenyl, which is unsubstituted; phenyl, which is substituted by 1 or 2 CN radicals; phenyl, which is substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 radicals selected from phenyl and polycyclic aryl bearing bearing 2, 3 or 4 phenyl rings, which are linked to each other via a single bond, directly fused to each other and/or fused to a saturated or unsaturated 4- to 10-membered mono- or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring; and polycyclic aryl bearing 2, 3 or 4 phenyl rings, which are directly fused to each other and/or fused to a saturated or unsaturated 4- to 10-membered mono- or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring, where polycyclic aryl is unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 radicals selected from phenyl and polycyclic aryl bearing 2 or 3 phenyl rings, which are linked to each other via a single bond, directly fused to each other and/or fused to a saturated 4- to 10-membered mono- or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring, where the phenyl rings of polycyclic aryl are unsubstituted or carry 1 or 2 radicals Ra. 21. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, where R1 and R2 are selected from the group consisting of
phenyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 phenyl radicals, phenyl, which is substituted by 1 or 2 CN radicals, phenyl, which is substituted by 1 or 2 polycyclic aryl radicals selected from biphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthryl and pyrenyl and optionally by 1 further phenyl radical; naphthyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 radicals selected from CN, phenyl and polycyclic aryl selected from biphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthryl and pyrenyl; biphenylenyl; triphenylenyl; tetraphenylenyl; phenanthryl; pyrenyl; 9H-fluorenyl; dibenzo[a,e][8]annulenyl; perylenyl; and 9,9′-spirobi[9H-fluoren]yl. 22. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 21, where R1 and R2 are selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-cyanophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-naphthyl, and 9-phenanthryl. 23. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, where R1 and R2 are selected from the group consisting of
heteroaromatic monocyclic radicals having 5 or 6 ring atoms, which comprise 1, 2, 3 or 4 nitrogen atoms or 1 oxygen atom and 0, 1, 2 or 3 nitrogen atoms or 1 sulfur atom and 0, 1, 2 or 3 nitrogen atoms, where the remainder of the ring atoms are carbon atoms, heteroaromatic polycyclic radicals, which bear a heteroaromatic monocycle as defined above and 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 further aromatic rings selected from phenyl and heteroaromatic monocycles, where the (hetero)aromatic rings of polycyclic hetaryl are linked to each other by a covalent bond or fused to each other directly and/or fused to a saturated or unsaturated 4 to 10-membered mono- or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring; and heteroaromatic polycyclic radicals, which bear at least one saturated or partially unsaturated 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring bearing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen as ring atoms, and 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 further aromatic rings selected from phenyl and heteroaromatic monocycles as defined above, where at least one of the further aromatic rings is directly fused to the saturated or partially unsaturated 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic radical and where the remainder of further aromatic rings of polycyclic hetaryl are linked to each other by a covalent bond or fused to each other directly and/or fused to a saturated or unsaturated 4 to 10-membered mono- or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring. 24. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 23, where R1 and R2 are selected from the group consisting of furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, benzofuryl, dibenzofuranyl, benzothienyl, dibenzothienyl, thianthrenyl, naphthofuryl, furo[3,2-b]furanyl, furo[2,3-b]furanyl, furo[3,4-b]furanyl, oxanthrenyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, carbazolyl, indolizinyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzo[cd]indolyl, 1H-benzo[g]indolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenoxazinyl, benzo[b][1,5]naphthyridinyl, cinnolinyl, 1,5-naphthyridinyl, 1,8-naphthyridinyl, phenylpyrrolyl, naphthylpyrrolyl, dipyridyl, phenylpyridyl, naphthylpyridyl, pyrido[4,3-b]indolyl, pyrido[3,2-b]indolyl, pyrido[3,2-g]quinolinyl, pyrido[2,3-b][1,8]naphthyridinyl, pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridinyl, pteridinyl, puryl, 9H-xanthenyl, 2H-chromenyl, phenanthridinyl, phenanthrolinyl, furo[3,2-f][1]benzofuranyl, furo[2,3-f][1]benzofuranyl, furo[3,2-g]quinolinyl, furo[2,3-g]quinolinyl, furo[2,3-g]quinoxalinyl, benzo[g]chromenyl, pyrrolo[3,2,1-hi]indolyl, benzo[g]quinoxalinyl, benzo[f]quinoxalinyl, and benzo[h]isoquinolinyl. 25. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, where X is ethylene group. 26. An optical lens, comprising the polycarbonate resin according to claim 1. 27. A method for producing the polycarbonate resin of claim 1, including performing melt polycondensation of a dihydroxy compound represented by general formula (5) and a carbonate diester. | A polycarbonate resin having a high refractive index, a low Abbe number and a high moisture and heat resistance is provided. In an embodiment, a polycarbonate resin including a structural unit represented by general formula (1) below is provided.1. A polycarbonate resin, comprising a structural unit expressed by general formula (1) below: 2. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, wherein the polycarbonate resin includes the structural unit expressed by general formula (1) at more than 50 mol %. 3. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, wherein at least one of R1 and R2 in general formula (1) is an aryl group having a carbon number of 6 to 20. 4. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 3, wherein at least two of R1 and R2 in general formula (1) are each an aryl group having a carbon number of 6 to 14. 5. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, wherein the structural unit expressed by general formula (1) includes at least any one of structural units expressed by general formulas (A-1) through (A-7) below: 6. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, further comprising at least one of structural units expressed by general formulas (2) and (3) below: 7. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 6, wherein the polycarbonate resin includes a copolymer that includes at least the structural unit expressed by general formula (1) and the structural unit expressed by general formula (2). 8. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 7, wherein the copolymer further includes a structural unit expressed by general formula (3-1) below: 9. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 6, wherein the polycarbonate resin includes a copolymer that includes at least the structural unit expressed by general formula (1) and the structural unit expressed by general formula (3). 10. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 9, wherein the copolymer further includes a structural unit expressed by general formula (2-1) below: 11. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, wherein the polycarbonate resin includes the structural units expressed by general formulas (1) and (2) at 20 to 80 mol % in total. 12. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, further comprising at least one of structural units expressed by general formula (4) below: 13. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 12, comprising at least a structural unit of BNEF (9,9-bis(6-(2-hydroxyethoxy)naphthalene-2-yl)fluorene). 14. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 12, comprising at least a structural unit of 2,2′-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)-1,1′-binaphthalene. 15. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 12, further comprising at least a structural unit of BPPEF (9,9-bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-phenylphenyl)fluorene). 16. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, wherein the aryl group is selected from pyrenyl group, furanyl group, benzodioxanyl group, dihydrobenzofuranyl group, piperonyl group, benzofuranyl group, dibenzofuranyl group, pyrrolidinyl group, isoquinolyl group, pyrimidinyl group, and carbazole group, which may be substituted by an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 6, an alkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 6, or an aryl group having a carbon number of 6 to 16. 17. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, wherein the polycarbonate resin has a value of refractive index of 1.655 or greater. 18. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, where R1 and R2 are identical. 19. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, where R1 and R2 are identical or different and selected from mono- or polycyclic aryl having from 6 to 36 carbon atoms and mono- or polycyclic hetaryl having a total of 5 to 36 atoms, which are ring members, where 1, 2, 3 or 4 of these atoms are selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen, while the remainder of these atoms are carbon atoms,
where mono- or polycyclic aryl and mono- or polycyclic hetaryl are unsubstituted. 20. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, where R1 and R2 are selected from the group consisting of
azulenyl, indenyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 radicals selected from phenyl and polycyclic aryl bearing bearing 2, 3 or 4 phenyl rings, which are linked to each other via a single bond, directly fused to each other and/or fused to a saturated or unsaturated 4- to 10-membered mono- or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring; phenyl, which is unsubstituted; phenyl, which is substituted by 1 or 2 CN radicals; phenyl, which is substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 radicals selected from phenyl and polycyclic aryl bearing bearing 2, 3 or 4 phenyl rings, which are linked to each other via a single bond, directly fused to each other and/or fused to a saturated or unsaturated 4- to 10-membered mono- or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring; and polycyclic aryl bearing 2, 3 or 4 phenyl rings, which are directly fused to each other and/or fused to a saturated or unsaturated 4- to 10-membered mono- or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring, where polycyclic aryl is unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 radicals selected from phenyl and polycyclic aryl bearing 2 or 3 phenyl rings, which are linked to each other via a single bond, directly fused to each other and/or fused to a saturated 4- to 10-membered mono- or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring, where the phenyl rings of polycyclic aryl are unsubstituted or carry 1 or 2 radicals Ra. 21. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, where R1 and R2 are selected from the group consisting of
phenyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 phenyl radicals, phenyl, which is substituted by 1 or 2 CN radicals, phenyl, which is substituted by 1 or 2 polycyclic aryl radicals selected from biphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthryl and pyrenyl and optionally by 1 further phenyl radical; naphthyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 radicals selected from CN, phenyl and polycyclic aryl selected from biphenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthryl and pyrenyl; biphenylenyl; triphenylenyl; tetraphenylenyl; phenanthryl; pyrenyl; 9H-fluorenyl; dibenzo[a,e][8]annulenyl; perylenyl; and 9,9′-spirobi[9H-fluoren]yl. 22. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 21, where R1 and R2 are selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-cyanophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-naphthyl, and 9-phenanthryl. 23. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, where R1 and R2 are selected from the group consisting of
heteroaromatic monocyclic radicals having 5 or 6 ring atoms, which comprise 1, 2, 3 or 4 nitrogen atoms or 1 oxygen atom and 0, 1, 2 or 3 nitrogen atoms or 1 sulfur atom and 0, 1, 2 or 3 nitrogen atoms, where the remainder of the ring atoms are carbon atoms, heteroaromatic polycyclic radicals, which bear a heteroaromatic monocycle as defined above and 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 further aromatic rings selected from phenyl and heteroaromatic monocycles, where the (hetero)aromatic rings of polycyclic hetaryl are linked to each other by a covalent bond or fused to each other directly and/or fused to a saturated or unsaturated 4 to 10-membered mono- or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring; and heteroaromatic polycyclic radicals, which bear at least one saturated or partially unsaturated 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring bearing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen as ring atoms, and 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 further aromatic rings selected from phenyl and heteroaromatic monocycles as defined above, where at least one of the further aromatic rings is directly fused to the saturated or partially unsaturated 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic radical and where the remainder of further aromatic rings of polycyclic hetaryl are linked to each other by a covalent bond or fused to each other directly and/or fused to a saturated or unsaturated 4 to 10-membered mono- or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring. 24. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 23, where R1 and R2 are selected from the group consisting of furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, benzofuryl, dibenzofuranyl, benzothienyl, dibenzothienyl, thianthrenyl, naphthofuryl, furo[3,2-b]furanyl, furo[2,3-b]furanyl, furo[3,4-b]furanyl, oxanthrenyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, carbazolyl, indolizinyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzo[cd]indolyl, 1H-benzo[g]indolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenoxazinyl, benzo[b][1,5]naphthyridinyl, cinnolinyl, 1,5-naphthyridinyl, 1,8-naphthyridinyl, phenylpyrrolyl, naphthylpyrrolyl, dipyridyl, phenylpyridyl, naphthylpyridyl, pyrido[4,3-b]indolyl, pyrido[3,2-b]indolyl, pyrido[3,2-g]quinolinyl, pyrido[2,3-b][1,8]naphthyridinyl, pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridinyl, pteridinyl, puryl, 9H-xanthenyl, 2H-chromenyl, phenanthridinyl, phenanthrolinyl, furo[3,2-f][1]benzofuranyl, furo[2,3-f][1]benzofuranyl, furo[3,2-g]quinolinyl, furo[2,3-g]quinolinyl, furo[2,3-g]quinoxalinyl, benzo[g]chromenyl, pyrrolo[3,2,1-hi]indolyl, benzo[g]quinoxalinyl, benzo[f]quinoxalinyl, and benzo[h]isoquinolinyl. 25. The polycarbonate resin according to claim 1, where X is ethylene group. 26. An optical lens, comprising the polycarbonate resin according to claim 1. 27. A method for producing the polycarbonate resin of claim 1, including performing melt polycondensation of a dihydroxy compound represented by general formula (5) and a carbonate diester. | 2,600 |
338,878 | 16,641,957 | 2,665 | A system and method for receiving a promotional sample product, which can enable an advertiser to check whether a sample product, provided by the advertiser, is accurately delivered to a customer, thereby securing the reliability of means for seeking exposure advertisement by providing samples, and maximizing the promotion effects. A system for receiving a promotional sample product includes: a sample receiving relay server; an advertiser terminal; a customer terminal; and a sample processing terminal. The sample receipt app generates only one authentication key per customer ID in order to prevent duplicated samples from being provided for one customer ID. | 1. A system for receiving a promotional sample product, comprising:
a sample receiving relay server configured to receive sample product information and advertisement contents from an advertiser, provide the advertisement contents to a customer when a sample receipt request is received from the customer, generate an authentication key, provide the generated authentication key to the customer, and provide an authentication result to a sample receipt place according to a confirmation request for the authentication key, transmitted from the sample receipt place; an advertiser terminal configured to connect to the sample receiving relay server to input the advertisement contents desired by the advertiser and information on the quantity of sample products; a customer terminal configured to connect the customer terminal and the sample receiving relay server through a network, connect to the sample receiving relay server to download the advertisement contents for sample receipt, and receive an authentication key (pin number), which is used to authenticate whether the advertisement contents watched by the customer have been completely received, from the sample receiving relay server, and including a medium for generating an advertisement contents receipt completion authentication key; and a sample processing terminal configured to transmit the authentication key provided from the customer terminal to the server, and including a manager app for receiving an authentication result transmitted from the server in order to provide a sample to the customer, wherein the sample receipt app generates only one authentication key per customer ID, in order to prevent duplicated samples from being provided for one customer ID. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a GPS (Global Positioning System) connected to the customer terminal and configured to guide the location of a sample receipt place from the location of the customer terminal. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the sample receipt app is a sample receipt app in which a QR reader, a barcode reader, a video player, an image viewer and a member registration input unit are mounted. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the sample receipt app comprises:
a digital recognition module configured to read information associated with a product promoted by the advertiser; a received advertisement sorting unit configured to display advertisements received by the customer; a pin number generation unit configured to generate a pin number as the customer checks the advertisement contents; a promotion location notice unit configured to provide the location of a sample providing place around the location of the customer; and a sample providing place module configured to provide the location of a place where the customer receives a sample product. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the digital recognition module is any one selected from a QR code scanner, a QR code reader, a barcode scanner and a barcode reader. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the promotion location notice unit comprises:
a current location notice unit configured to display the current location of the customer; and a sample place providing unit configured to provide the location of a place where the customer receives a sample, wherein the sample place providing unit displays only sample receipt places located within a predetermined distance. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the sample receiving relay server chooses a customer among customers who give the correct answer, through a draw, generates an authentication key only for the chosen customer, and provides the generated authentication key to the chosen customer. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the sample receiving relay server comprises:
an advertisement request unit configured to receive a sample providing request for advertisement from the advertiser terminal; a sample delivery unit connected to the advertisement request unit, and comprising a direct delivery unit which helps the advertiser to deliver samples in person and a consignment delivery unit which helps the advertiser to deliver samples through consignment delivery; and a draw unit having a winning rate selection unit configured to select a customer winning rate for the samples provided by the advertiser. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the advertisement request unit comprises a data upload unit configured to upload a sample product menu and an advertisement contents menu. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the sample receiving relay server further comprises a customer information database configured to store information on customers who have downloaded the sample receipt app. 11. The system of claim 8, further comprising a real-time monitoring unit connected to the advertisement request unit and configured to display a situation, in which the sample is received, to the advertiser in real time. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the real-time monitoring unit provides only authentication key confirmation information to the advertiser. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the consignment delivery unit of the sample delivery unit comprises:
a sample providing place registration unit configured to guide the location of a place for providing a sample product; a sample price range unit configured to classify the prices of samples such that the advertiser selects a sample price; a sample display unit connected to the sample price range unit, and configured to display samples for each price range to the advertiser; a sample selection unit connected to the sample display unit and configured to select and designate a sample; and a payment unit connected to the sample selection unit, and configured to calculate the quantity of samples selected by the advertiser, and display the calculation result. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the real-time monitoring unit comprises a distribution completion unit and a distribution progress unit, and the distribution completion unit comprises a sample addition unit configured to inform the advertiser of whether samples are added. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the distribution completion unit further comprises an excel information unit configured to display the IDs and names of customers who receive sample products. 16. The system of claim 1, wherein the manager app of the sample processing terminal comprises:
a sample list to be provided to the customer; a barcode scanner configured to receive a barcode offered by the customer; a manual input unit configured to input the barcode offered by the customer, when the barcode is not normally recognized; a provided sample list for checking samples which have been provided to the customer up to now; and a sample-to-provide list for checking samples which are to be provided to the customer in the future. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the sample list comprises an overall quantity menu, a provided quantity menu and a stock quantity menu for each of the sample products. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the barcode scanner includes a sample name, a customer ID and a pin number which are displayed as texts,
wherein the manual input unit receives an advertisement ID, a customer ID and a pin number. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the provided sample list comprises a customer ID and a receipt date. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein the sample-to-provide list comprises a sample selection unit and a customer ID and pin number for each sample list, selected by the sample selection unit. 21. A method for receiving a promotional sample product, comprising:
a first step of connecting, by an advertiser terminal, to an advertisement request unit and requesting advertisement, in order to provide a promotional sample; a second step of uploading information associated with the advertisement into a sample product menu and an advertisement contents menu, which are included in the advertisement request unit; a third step of depositing a preset amount of money according to the quantity of samples to be provided; a fourth step of downloading, by a customer terminal, a sample receipt app which includes a QR code recognition module for reading information of a product, a received advertisement sorting unit for displaying advertisements received by a customer, an authentication key generation unit for generating an authentication key as the customer checks advertisement contents, a promotion location notice unit for providing a promotion location around the location of the customer, and a sample receipt place program for providing the location of a place where the customer receives a sample product; a fifth step of executing, by the customer terminal, the sample receipt app, scanning a digital recognition code printed on a product, and transmitting the digital recognition code to a sample receiving relay server; a sixth step of providing, by the sample receiving relay server, advertisement contents to the customer terminal, and inducing the customer to watch the advertisement contents; a seventh step of receiving an authentication key from the sample receiving relay server after the advertisement contents are displayed, generating a digital recognition code, and providing the generated digital recognition code to the customer terminal; an eighth step of offering the authentication key and the digital recognition code, provided to the customer terminal, to a sample processing terminal; a ninth step of downloading, by the sample processing terminal, a manager app which includes a sample list to be provided to the customer, a barcode scanner for receiving a barcode offered by the customer, a manual input unit for inputting the barcode offered by the customer when the barcode is not normally recognized, a provided sample list for checking samples which have been provided up to now, and a sample-to-provide list for checking samples to be provided to the customer in the future; a tenth step of executing the manager app of the sample processing terminal to read the authentication key and the digital recognition code, offered by the customer, and transmitting the authentication key and the digital recognition code to the sample receiving relay server; and an 11th step of providing a sample product to the customer according to an authentication result transmitted from the sample receiving relay server, wherein the authentication key is allocated to only one ID. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the second step comprises:
a first process of selecting one of a direct delivery method and a consignment delivery method in order to deliver sample products; a second process of setting a sample providing place, and selecting a sample product for each price range and the quantity of sample products, when the consignment delivery method is selected; a third process of displaying a sample product corresponding to the sample price range; a fourth process of selecting and designating a sample product and deciding the quantity of sample products; and a fifth process of depositing an amount of money corresponding to the quantity of sample products. 23. The method of claim 21, further comprising a process of selecting a winning rate such that the customer receives a sample product according to a probability, after the second step. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the seventh step further comprises a step of providing a quiz to the customer after the advertisement contents are completely received, inducing the customer to solve the quiz, choosing a customer among customers who give the correct answer, through a draw, generating an authentication key only for the chosen customer, and providing the authentication key to the chosen customer. 25. The method of claim 21, further comprising a 12th step of transmitting a sample receipt result to the advertiser terminal in real time, after the 11th step. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the 12th step comprises:
a first process of determining whether the samples have been completely distributed or are being distributed, and deciding whether to additionally provide samples, when the samples have been completely distributed; and a second process of setting the quantity of the samples when the samples are additionally provided, and depositing an amount of money according to the quantity of the samples. 27. The method of claim 21, further comprising a 13th step of propagating sample information to the customer through a notice when the customer is located around a sample receipt place or new sample product information is propagated to the customer, wherein the notice displays an advertisement title, a sample product name, a distance from the current location of the customer to the sample providing place, and a winning probability. 28. A method for receiving a promotional sample product, comprising:
a first step of connecting, by an advertiser terminal, to an advertisement request unit in order to provide a promotional sample; a second step of uploading information associated with the advertisement into a sample product menu and an advertisement contents menu, which are included in the advertisement request unit; a third step of depositing a preset amount of money according to the quantity of samples to be provided; a fourth step of connecting to a server through a sample receipt app of a customer terminal, and connecting to a menu for receiving a sample; a fifth step of determining whether a customer is willing to watch advertisement contents, and displaying the advertisement contents; a sixth step of requesting the server to receive a sample, after the customer watches the advertisement contents; a seventh step of receiving an authentication key for sample receipt from the server through the sample receipt app, and generating a digital authentication code and providing the generated digital authentication code to the customer terminal; an eighth step of downloading, by a sample processing terminal, a manager app, receiving authentication information provided from the customer, and transmitting the received authentication information to the server; and a ninth step of providing a sample product to the customer according to an authentication result, wherein the pin number is allocated only to one ID. | A system and method for receiving a promotional sample product, which can enable an advertiser to check whether a sample product, provided by the advertiser, is accurately delivered to a customer, thereby securing the reliability of means for seeking exposure advertisement by providing samples, and maximizing the promotion effects. A system for receiving a promotional sample product includes: a sample receiving relay server; an advertiser terminal; a customer terminal; and a sample processing terminal. The sample receipt app generates only one authentication key per customer ID in order to prevent duplicated samples from being provided for one customer ID.1. A system for receiving a promotional sample product, comprising:
a sample receiving relay server configured to receive sample product information and advertisement contents from an advertiser, provide the advertisement contents to a customer when a sample receipt request is received from the customer, generate an authentication key, provide the generated authentication key to the customer, and provide an authentication result to a sample receipt place according to a confirmation request for the authentication key, transmitted from the sample receipt place; an advertiser terminal configured to connect to the sample receiving relay server to input the advertisement contents desired by the advertiser and information on the quantity of sample products; a customer terminal configured to connect the customer terminal and the sample receiving relay server through a network, connect to the sample receiving relay server to download the advertisement contents for sample receipt, and receive an authentication key (pin number), which is used to authenticate whether the advertisement contents watched by the customer have been completely received, from the sample receiving relay server, and including a medium for generating an advertisement contents receipt completion authentication key; and a sample processing terminal configured to transmit the authentication key provided from the customer terminal to the server, and including a manager app for receiving an authentication result transmitted from the server in order to provide a sample to the customer, wherein the sample receipt app generates only one authentication key per customer ID, in order to prevent duplicated samples from being provided for one customer ID. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a GPS (Global Positioning System) connected to the customer terminal and configured to guide the location of a sample receipt place from the location of the customer terminal. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the sample receipt app is a sample receipt app in which a QR reader, a barcode reader, a video player, an image viewer and a member registration input unit are mounted. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the sample receipt app comprises:
a digital recognition module configured to read information associated with a product promoted by the advertiser; a received advertisement sorting unit configured to display advertisements received by the customer; a pin number generation unit configured to generate a pin number as the customer checks the advertisement contents; a promotion location notice unit configured to provide the location of a sample providing place around the location of the customer; and a sample providing place module configured to provide the location of a place where the customer receives a sample product. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the digital recognition module is any one selected from a QR code scanner, a QR code reader, a barcode scanner and a barcode reader. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the promotion location notice unit comprises:
a current location notice unit configured to display the current location of the customer; and a sample place providing unit configured to provide the location of a place where the customer receives a sample, wherein the sample place providing unit displays only sample receipt places located within a predetermined distance. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the sample receiving relay server chooses a customer among customers who give the correct answer, through a draw, generates an authentication key only for the chosen customer, and provides the generated authentication key to the chosen customer. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the sample receiving relay server comprises:
an advertisement request unit configured to receive a sample providing request for advertisement from the advertiser terminal; a sample delivery unit connected to the advertisement request unit, and comprising a direct delivery unit which helps the advertiser to deliver samples in person and a consignment delivery unit which helps the advertiser to deliver samples through consignment delivery; and a draw unit having a winning rate selection unit configured to select a customer winning rate for the samples provided by the advertiser. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the advertisement request unit comprises a data upload unit configured to upload a sample product menu and an advertisement contents menu. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the sample receiving relay server further comprises a customer information database configured to store information on customers who have downloaded the sample receipt app. 11. The system of claim 8, further comprising a real-time monitoring unit connected to the advertisement request unit and configured to display a situation, in which the sample is received, to the advertiser in real time. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the real-time monitoring unit provides only authentication key confirmation information to the advertiser. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the consignment delivery unit of the sample delivery unit comprises:
a sample providing place registration unit configured to guide the location of a place for providing a sample product; a sample price range unit configured to classify the prices of samples such that the advertiser selects a sample price; a sample display unit connected to the sample price range unit, and configured to display samples for each price range to the advertiser; a sample selection unit connected to the sample display unit and configured to select and designate a sample; and a payment unit connected to the sample selection unit, and configured to calculate the quantity of samples selected by the advertiser, and display the calculation result. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the real-time monitoring unit comprises a distribution completion unit and a distribution progress unit, and the distribution completion unit comprises a sample addition unit configured to inform the advertiser of whether samples are added. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the distribution completion unit further comprises an excel information unit configured to display the IDs and names of customers who receive sample products. 16. The system of claim 1, wherein the manager app of the sample processing terminal comprises:
a sample list to be provided to the customer; a barcode scanner configured to receive a barcode offered by the customer; a manual input unit configured to input the barcode offered by the customer, when the barcode is not normally recognized; a provided sample list for checking samples which have been provided to the customer up to now; and a sample-to-provide list for checking samples which are to be provided to the customer in the future. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the sample list comprises an overall quantity menu, a provided quantity menu and a stock quantity menu for each of the sample products. 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the barcode scanner includes a sample name, a customer ID and a pin number which are displayed as texts,
wherein the manual input unit receives an advertisement ID, a customer ID and a pin number. 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the provided sample list comprises a customer ID and a receipt date. 20. The system of claim 16, wherein the sample-to-provide list comprises a sample selection unit and a customer ID and pin number for each sample list, selected by the sample selection unit. 21. A method for receiving a promotional sample product, comprising:
a first step of connecting, by an advertiser terminal, to an advertisement request unit and requesting advertisement, in order to provide a promotional sample; a second step of uploading information associated with the advertisement into a sample product menu and an advertisement contents menu, which are included in the advertisement request unit; a third step of depositing a preset amount of money according to the quantity of samples to be provided; a fourth step of downloading, by a customer terminal, a sample receipt app which includes a QR code recognition module for reading information of a product, a received advertisement sorting unit for displaying advertisements received by a customer, an authentication key generation unit for generating an authentication key as the customer checks advertisement contents, a promotion location notice unit for providing a promotion location around the location of the customer, and a sample receipt place program for providing the location of a place where the customer receives a sample product; a fifth step of executing, by the customer terminal, the sample receipt app, scanning a digital recognition code printed on a product, and transmitting the digital recognition code to a sample receiving relay server; a sixth step of providing, by the sample receiving relay server, advertisement contents to the customer terminal, and inducing the customer to watch the advertisement contents; a seventh step of receiving an authentication key from the sample receiving relay server after the advertisement contents are displayed, generating a digital recognition code, and providing the generated digital recognition code to the customer terminal; an eighth step of offering the authentication key and the digital recognition code, provided to the customer terminal, to a sample processing terminal; a ninth step of downloading, by the sample processing terminal, a manager app which includes a sample list to be provided to the customer, a barcode scanner for receiving a barcode offered by the customer, a manual input unit for inputting the barcode offered by the customer when the barcode is not normally recognized, a provided sample list for checking samples which have been provided up to now, and a sample-to-provide list for checking samples to be provided to the customer in the future; a tenth step of executing the manager app of the sample processing terminal to read the authentication key and the digital recognition code, offered by the customer, and transmitting the authentication key and the digital recognition code to the sample receiving relay server; and an 11th step of providing a sample product to the customer according to an authentication result transmitted from the sample receiving relay server, wherein the authentication key is allocated to only one ID. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the second step comprises:
a first process of selecting one of a direct delivery method and a consignment delivery method in order to deliver sample products; a second process of setting a sample providing place, and selecting a sample product for each price range and the quantity of sample products, when the consignment delivery method is selected; a third process of displaying a sample product corresponding to the sample price range; a fourth process of selecting and designating a sample product and deciding the quantity of sample products; and a fifth process of depositing an amount of money corresponding to the quantity of sample products. 23. The method of claim 21, further comprising a process of selecting a winning rate such that the customer receives a sample product according to a probability, after the second step. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the seventh step further comprises a step of providing a quiz to the customer after the advertisement contents are completely received, inducing the customer to solve the quiz, choosing a customer among customers who give the correct answer, through a draw, generating an authentication key only for the chosen customer, and providing the authentication key to the chosen customer. 25. The method of claim 21, further comprising a 12th step of transmitting a sample receipt result to the advertiser terminal in real time, after the 11th step. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the 12th step comprises:
a first process of determining whether the samples have been completely distributed or are being distributed, and deciding whether to additionally provide samples, when the samples have been completely distributed; and a second process of setting the quantity of the samples when the samples are additionally provided, and depositing an amount of money according to the quantity of the samples. 27. The method of claim 21, further comprising a 13th step of propagating sample information to the customer through a notice when the customer is located around a sample receipt place or new sample product information is propagated to the customer, wherein the notice displays an advertisement title, a sample product name, a distance from the current location of the customer to the sample providing place, and a winning probability. 28. A method for receiving a promotional sample product, comprising:
a first step of connecting, by an advertiser terminal, to an advertisement request unit in order to provide a promotional sample; a second step of uploading information associated with the advertisement into a sample product menu and an advertisement contents menu, which are included in the advertisement request unit; a third step of depositing a preset amount of money according to the quantity of samples to be provided; a fourth step of connecting to a server through a sample receipt app of a customer terminal, and connecting to a menu for receiving a sample; a fifth step of determining whether a customer is willing to watch advertisement contents, and displaying the advertisement contents; a sixth step of requesting the server to receive a sample, after the customer watches the advertisement contents; a seventh step of receiving an authentication key for sample receipt from the server through the sample receipt app, and generating a digital authentication code and providing the generated digital authentication code to the customer terminal; an eighth step of downloading, by a sample processing terminal, a manager app, receiving authentication information provided from the customer, and transmitting the received authentication information to the server; and a ninth step of providing a sample product to the customer according to an authentication result, wherein the pin number is allocated only to one ID. | 2,600 |
338,879 | 16,641,934 | 2,665 | An example power adaptor includes a converter and a circuit to detect an overcurrent event at the converter and to pause power output of the converter when the overcurrent event is detected. The circuit is further to count a number of overcurrent events at the converter within a time period. The circuit is further to compare the number of overcurrent events to a threshold number and to switch off the power output of the converter when the number of overcurrent events passes the threshold number. | 1. A power adaptor comprising:
a converter; and a circuit to detect an overcurrent event at the converter and to pause power output of the converter when the overcurrent event is detected, the circuit further to count a number of overcurrent events at the converter within a time period; the circuit further to compare the number of overcurrent events to a threshold number, the circuit to switch off the power output of the converter when the number of overcurrent events passes the threshold number. 2. The power adaptor of claim 1, wherein the circuit is to communicate a signal indicative of the pause of power output of the converter to a microcontroller of a computer device connected to the power adaptor. 3. The power adaptor of claim 1, wherein the circuit is to communicate a signal indicative of the switch off of the converter to a microcontroller of a computer device connected to the power adaptor. 4. The power adaptor of claim 1, wherein the circuit is to enable a hiccup mode to pause the power output of the converter. 5. The power adaptor of claim 1, wherein the circuit is to enable a latch mode to switch off the power output of the converter. 6. A microcontroller comprising:
a first terminal to communicate with a power adaptor; and a second terminal to communicate with a processor of a computer device, the microcontroller to determine an overcurrent event at the power adaptor and count a number of overcurrent events at the power adaptor within a time period, the microcontroller further to compare the number of overcurrent events to a threshold number and to output a shutdown signal when the number of overcurrent events passes the threshold number. 7. The microcontroller of claim 6, wherein the microcontroller is to output the shutdown signal to the power adaptor to command the power adaptor to switch off a converter. 8. The microcontroller of claim 6, wherein the microcontroller is to output the shutdown signal to trigger the computer device to output a power shutdown notification at a user interface of the computer device. 9. The microcontroller of claim 6, wherein the microcontroller is to output a reset signal to the power adaptor to pause power output of a converter in response to detection of the overcurrent event. 10. The microcontroller of claim 6, wherein the microcontroller is to output a reset signal in response to detection of the overcurrent event, the reset signal to trigger the computer device to output a reset notification at a user interface of the computer device. 11. A device comprising:
a power adaptor to provide output power in a hiccup mode and a latch mode, the power adaptor to output power to charge a cell; and a circuit to enable the hiccup mode and disable the latch mode in response to no detection of continuous overcurrent events at the power adaptor, and the circuit to disable the hiccup mode and enable the latch mode in response to detection of the continuous overcurrent events at the power adaptor. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the circuit comprises a microcontroller and an overcurrent detector connected to the microcontroller. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the circuit is integrated with the power adaptor. 14. The device of claim 11, wherein the circuit is to trigger an indication of the hiccup mode, the latch mode, or both the hiccup mode and the latch mode at a user interface of a computer device to be connected to the power adaptor. 15. The device of claim 11, wherein the circuit is to detect the continuous overcurrent events with reference to a threshold number of overcurrent events. | An example power adaptor includes a converter and a circuit to detect an overcurrent event at the converter and to pause power output of the converter when the overcurrent event is detected. The circuit is further to count a number of overcurrent events at the converter within a time period. The circuit is further to compare the number of overcurrent events to a threshold number and to switch off the power output of the converter when the number of overcurrent events passes the threshold number.1. A power adaptor comprising:
a converter; and a circuit to detect an overcurrent event at the converter and to pause power output of the converter when the overcurrent event is detected, the circuit further to count a number of overcurrent events at the converter within a time period; the circuit further to compare the number of overcurrent events to a threshold number, the circuit to switch off the power output of the converter when the number of overcurrent events passes the threshold number. 2. The power adaptor of claim 1, wherein the circuit is to communicate a signal indicative of the pause of power output of the converter to a microcontroller of a computer device connected to the power adaptor. 3. The power adaptor of claim 1, wherein the circuit is to communicate a signal indicative of the switch off of the converter to a microcontroller of a computer device connected to the power adaptor. 4. The power adaptor of claim 1, wherein the circuit is to enable a hiccup mode to pause the power output of the converter. 5. The power adaptor of claim 1, wherein the circuit is to enable a latch mode to switch off the power output of the converter. 6. A microcontroller comprising:
a first terminal to communicate with a power adaptor; and a second terminal to communicate with a processor of a computer device, the microcontroller to determine an overcurrent event at the power adaptor and count a number of overcurrent events at the power adaptor within a time period, the microcontroller further to compare the number of overcurrent events to a threshold number and to output a shutdown signal when the number of overcurrent events passes the threshold number. 7. The microcontroller of claim 6, wherein the microcontroller is to output the shutdown signal to the power adaptor to command the power adaptor to switch off a converter. 8. The microcontroller of claim 6, wherein the microcontroller is to output the shutdown signal to trigger the computer device to output a power shutdown notification at a user interface of the computer device. 9. The microcontroller of claim 6, wherein the microcontroller is to output a reset signal to the power adaptor to pause power output of a converter in response to detection of the overcurrent event. 10. The microcontroller of claim 6, wherein the microcontroller is to output a reset signal in response to detection of the overcurrent event, the reset signal to trigger the computer device to output a reset notification at a user interface of the computer device. 11. A device comprising:
a power adaptor to provide output power in a hiccup mode and a latch mode, the power adaptor to output power to charge a cell; and a circuit to enable the hiccup mode and disable the latch mode in response to no detection of continuous overcurrent events at the power adaptor, and the circuit to disable the hiccup mode and enable the latch mode in response to detection of the continuous overcurrent events at the power adaptor. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the circuit comprises a microcontroller and an overcurrent detector connected to the microcontroller. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the circuit is integrated with the power adaptor. 14. The device of claim 11, wherein the circuit is to trigger an indication of the hiccup mode, the latch mode, or both the hiccup mode and the latch mode at a user interface of a computer device to be connected to the power adaptor. 15. The device of claim 11, wherein the circuit is to detect the continuous overcurrent events with reference to a threshold number of overcurrent events. | 2,600 |
338,880 | 16,641,937 | 2,665 | The invention provides a cosmetic having strong resistance to contact with water, clothing, fingers, and abrasion with little decline (post-contact) in the cosmetic effects such as UV blocking protection as well as excellent feel on use. The cosmetic contains: (A) plate-shaped powder, (B) 6-40% by mass UV absorber, and (C) cationic surfactant. | 1. A cosmetic, comprising:
(A) a flaky powder; (B) 6% to 40% by mass of an ultraviolet absorbing agent; and (C) a cationic surfactant. 2. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, further comprising:
(D) an ultraviolet scattering agent. 3. The cosmetic according to claim 1, further comprising:
(E) an organically-modified clay mineral. 4. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, further comprising:
(F) a surfactant other than a cationic surfactant. 5. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, further comprising:
(G) an oil phase thickener. 6. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
said (A) flaky powder is a hydrophobically treated talc. | The invention provides a cosmetic having strong resistance to contact with water, clothing, fingers, and abrasion with little decline (post-contact) in the cosmetic effects such as UV blocking protection as well as excellent feel on use. The cosmetic contains: (A) plate-shaped powder, (B) 6-40% by mass UV absorber, and (C) cationic surfactant.1. A cosmetic, comprising:
(A) a flaky powder; (B) 6% to 40% by mass of an ultraviolet absorbing agent; and (C) a cationic surfactant. 2. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, further comprising:
(D) an ultraviolet scattering agent. 3. The cosmetic according to claim 1, further comprising:
(E) an organically-modified clay mineral. 4. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, further comprising:
(F) a surfactant other than a cationic surfactant. 5. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, further comprising:
(G) an oil phase thickener. 6. The cosmetic, according to claim 1, wherein:
said (A) flaky powder is a hydrophobically treated talc. | 2,600 |
338,881 | 16,641,916 | 2,665 | The invention relates to a nestable shopping trolley comprising a foldable child-seat assembly having: a backrest movably mounted on the rear wall of the basket; and a cover arrangement which is pivotally provided on the rear wall, which rests on a seat arrangement and which, when pivoted upwards, closes leg-holes in the rear wall. When the child-seat assembly is not in use, the rear wall, the seat arrangement and the cover arrangement lie tightly against one another with the seat arrangement hanging downwards and the cover arrangement pointing upwards. The cover arrangement has two projecting parts pointing outwards in opposite directions and the backrest has a central section and two sliding sections laterally bordering the central section, the projecting parts sliding along the sliding sections of the backrest and said sliding sections forming respective spaces that are occupied by the projecting parts when the child-seat assembly is not in use. | 1. A shopping cart that can be nested with identical carts, with a basket for holding goods, with a foldable child seat arrangement which is intended for closing the rearward open region of the basket and can be moved into the basket interior and back again, wherein the child seat arrangement has a rear wall equipped with two leg holes, a backrest mounted movably on the rear wall and a seat device which can be used as seating for a small child in the use position of the child seat arrangement and is intended for limiting the pivoting range of the backrest, wherein the child seat arrangement is equipped with a cover device which is arranged pivotably on the rear wall, rests on the seat device and can be pivoted upward and back again in order to close the leg holes in the upwardly pivoted position and, likewise in this position, to form, together with the seat device, the rear wall and the backrest, a further device for depositing goods, and wherein, in the non-use position, that is to say in the folded state of the child seat arrangement, the rear wall, the seat device and the cover device are in close contact with one another, the seat device hangs downward and the cover device is directed upward, wherein the cover device has two oppositely outwardly directed protrusions, in that the backrest has a central portion and two sliding portions laterally adjoining the central portion in such a manner that the protrusions located between the rear wall and the backrest slide along on the sliding portions of the backrest if it is necessary to move the child seat arrangement out of the use position into the non-use position, or vice versa, wherein the sliding portions at least in part do not run parallel to the sides of the central portion of the backrest and/or are shorter in the vertical direction than the central portion, in such a manner that a space which is taken up by the protrusions in the non-use position of the child seat arrangement is formed in each case. 2. The shopping cart as claimed in claim 1, wherein the central portion of the backrest is formed with support rods lying in one plane and separated by intermediate spaces, and in that each sliding portion are respectively formed by at least one rod which entirely or partially does not lie in this plane. 3. The shopping cart as claimed in claim 1, wherein each sliding portion is formed by at least one rod, the first end thereof lying closer to the central portion of the backrest than the second end thereof. 4. The shopping cart as claimed in claim 1, wherein each sliding portion is formed by at least one bent rod which draws back from the central portion in a predetermined region. 5. The shopping cart as claimed in claim 1, wherein vertical rods of the rear wall that are in direct proximity to those vertical rods of the backrest which form sliding portions extend parallel to them. 6. The shopping cart as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sliding portions are formed on the central portion of the backrest. 7. The shopping cart as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the case of sliding portions which end below the spaces taken up by the protrusions in the non-use position, a contact surface which is inclined with respect to the plane of the vertical support rods is provided at the top end of at least one sliding portion and/or at the bottom end of at least one protrusion. | The invention relates to a nestable shopping trolley comprising a foldable child-seat assembly having: a backrest movably mounted on the rear wall of the basket; and a cover arrangement which is pivotally provided on the rear wall, which rests on a seat arrangement and which, when pivoted upwards, closes leg-holes in the rear wall. When the child-seat assembly is not in use, the rear wall, the seat arrangement and the cover arrangement lie tightly against one another with the seat arrangement hanging downwards and the cover arrangement pointing upwards. The cover arrangement has two projecting parts pointing outwards in opposite directions and the backrest has a central section and two sliding sections laterally bordering the central section, the projecting parts sliding along the sliding sections of the backrest and said sliding sections forming respective spaces that are occupied by the projecting parts when the child-seat assembly is not in use.1. A shopping cart that can be nested with identical carts, with a basket for holding goods, with a foldable child seat arrangement which is intended for closing the rearward open region of the basket and can be moved into the basket interior and back again, wherein the child seat arrangement has a rear wall equipped with two leg holes, a backrest mounted movably on the rear wall and a seat device which can be used as seating for a small child in the use position of the child seat arrangement and is intended for limiting the pivoting range of the backrest, wherein the child seat arrangement is equipped with a cover device which is arranged pivotably on the rear wall, rests on the seat device and can be pivoted upward and back again in order to close the leg holes in the upwardly pivoted position and, likewise in this position, to form, together with the seat device, the rear wall and the backrest, a further device for depositing goods, and wherein, in the non-use position, that is to say in the folded state of the child seat arrangement, the rear wall, the seat device and the cover device are in close contact with one another, the seat device hangs downward and the cover device is directed upward, wherein the cover device has two oppositely outwardly directed protrusions, in that the backrest has a central portion and two sliding portions laterally adjoining the central portion in such a manner that the protrusions located between the rear wall and the backrest slide along on the sliding portions of the backrest if it is necessary to move the child seat arrangement out of the use position into the non-use position, or vice versa, wherein the sliding portions at least in part do not run parallel to the sides of the central portion of the backrest and/or are shorter in the vertical direction than the central portion, in such a manner that a space which is taken up by the protrusions in the non-use position of the child seat arrangement is formed in each case. 2. The shopping cart as claimed in claim 1, wherein the central portion of the backrest is formed with support rods lying in one plane and separated by intermediate spaces, and in that each sliding portion are respectively formed by at least one rod which entirely or partially does not lie in this plane. 3. The shopping cart as claimed in claim 1, wherein each sliding portion is formed by at least one rod, the first end thereof lying closer to the central portion of the backrest than the second end thereof. 4. The shopping cart as claimed in claim 1, wherein each sliding portion is formed by at least one bent rod which draws back from the central portion in a predetermined region. 5. The shopping cart as claimed in claim 1, wherein vertical rods of the rear wall that are in direct proximity to those vertical rods of the backrest which form sliding portions extend parallel to them. 6. The shopping cart as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sliding portions are formed on the central portion of the backrest. 7. The shopping cart as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the case of sliding portions which end below the spaces taken up by the protrusions in the non-use position, a contact surface which is inclined with respect to the plane of the vertical support rods is provided at the top end of at least one sliding portion and/or at the bottom end of at least one protrusion. | 2,600 |
338,882 | 16,641,932 | 2,665 | An activator composition having a) between 0.5% and 50% by weight of a catalyst K for crosslinking two-component adhesives which is liquid at 23° C., b) between 40% and 99.5% by weight of an organic solvent L, c) between 0% and 10% by weight of at least one silane S including at least one hydrolyzable silane group and preferably at least one functional group selected from mercapto, epoxy, amino, methacryloyl, vinyl and alkyl group. The activator composition is storage stable for at least one month. The activator composition is moreover active independently of the applied amount and may be applied in layers having a thickness such that the adhesive may be applied after not more than 30 seconds. | 1. An activator composition comprising
a) between 0.5% and 50% by weight of a catalyst K which is liquid at 23° C. for the crosslinking of two-component adhesives, b) between 40% and 99.5% by weight of an organic solvent L, c) between 0% and 10% by weight of at least one silane S having at least one hydrolyzable silane group and at least one functional group selected from mercapto, epoxy, amino, methacryloyl, vinyl and alkyl group, wherein the catalyst K comprises a 1,3-ketoamidate complex of a metal, and in that the solvent L is selected from the group of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl n-propyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl n-amyl ketone, methyl isoamyl ketone, acetylacetone, mesityl oxide, cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, n-butyl propionate, diethyl malonate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, 3-methoxy-n-butyl acetate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, diisopropyl ether, diethyl ether, dibutyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-2-ethylhexyl ether, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene, heptane, octane, naphtha, white spirit, petroleum ether, benzine, methylene chloride, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and mixtures of these solvents. 2. The activator composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solvent L is selected from the group of n-heptane, ethanol, isopropanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, 3-methoxy-n-butyl acetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, ethylbenzene and mixtures thereof. 3. The activator composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the solvent L is selected from the group of n-heptane, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, and mixtures thereof, where the solvent L comprises or consists of n-heptane and/or ethanol. 4. The activator composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the catalyst K comprises a complex of a metal selected from the group of Fe, Bi, Al, Zn and Zr. 5. The activator composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the catalyst K comprises an organic compound selected from the group of tertiary amines, guanidines and amidines. 6. The activator composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the activator composition is free of tin compounds. 7. The activator composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the activator composition comprises between 0.5% and 10% by weight of silane S. 8. The activator composition as claimed in claim 1, comprising
a) between 0.5% and 25% by weight of the catalyst K, b) between 65% and 99.5% by weight of the organic solvent L, c) between 0% and 10% by weight of a silane S. 9. A method of using an activator composition comprising obtaining the activator composition as claimed in claim 1, and accelerating the buildup of adhesion in a two-component adhesive using the activator composition. 10. A kit of parts comprising
c) an activator composition as claimed in claim 1, d) a two-component adhesive. 11. A method of accelerating the buildup of adhesion on a substrate S1 in the bonding of the substrate S1 to a second substrate S2, comprising the steps of
i) applying an activator composition as claimed in claim 1 to at least one of the two substrates; ii) flashing off the activator composition applied; iii) applying a two-component adhesive or sealant to the first substrate S1; iv) contacting the adhesive or sealant with a second substrate S2; or i) applying an activator composition as claimed in claim 1 to at least one of the two substrates; ii) flashing off the activator composition applied; iii) applying a two-component adhesive or sealant to the second substrate S1; iv) contacting the adhesive present on the second substrate S2 with the first substrate S1. 12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein at least one of the substrates S1 and S2 comprises a metal, a painted surface or a plastic. 13. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the two-component adhesive or sealant is a polyurethane adhesive or an adhesive based on silane-functional polymers. 14. An article produced by a method as claimed in claim 11. 15. The article as claimed in claim 14, wherein the article is a mode of transport. | An activator composition having a) between 0.5% and 50% by weight of a catalyst K for crosslinking two-component adhesives which is liquid at 23° C., b) between 40% and 99.5% by weight of an organic solvent L, c) between 0% and 10% by weight of at least one silane S including at least one hydrolyzable silane group and preferably at least one functional group selected from mercapto, epoxy, amino, methacryloyl, vinyl and alkyl group. The activator composition is storage stable for at least one month. The activator composition is moreover active independently of the applied amount and may be applied in layers having a thickness such that the adhesive may be applied after not more than 30 seconds.1. An activator composition comprising
a) between 0.5% and 50% by weight of a catalyst K which is liquid at 23° C. for the crosslinking of two-component adhesives, b) between 40% and 99.5% by weight of an organic solvent L, c) between 0% and 10% by weight of at least one silane S having at least one hydrolyzable silane group and at least one functional group selected from mercapto, epoxy, amino, methacryloyl, vinyl and alkyl group, wherein the catalyst K comprises a 1,3-ketoamidate complex of a metal, and in that the solvent L is selected from the group of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl n-propyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl n-amyl ketone, methyl isoamyl ketone, acetylacetone, mesityl oxide, cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, n-butyl propionate, diethyl malonate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, 3-methoxy-n-butyl acetate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, diisopropyl ether, diethyl ether, dibutyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-2-ethylhexyl ether, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene, heptane, octane, naphtha, white spirit, petroleum ether, benzine, methylene chloride, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and mixtures of these solvents. 2. The activator composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solvent L is selected from the group of n-heptane, ethanol, isopropanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, 3-methoxy-n-butyl acetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, ethylbenzene and mixtures thereof. 3. The activator composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the solvent L is selected from the group of n-heptane, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, and mixtures thereof, where the solvent L comprises or consists of n-heptane and/or ethanol. 4. The activator composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the catalyst K comprises a complex of a metal selected from the group of Fe, Bi, Al, Zn and Zr. 5. The activator composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the catalyst K comprises an organic compound selected from the group of tertiary amines, guanidines and amidines. 6. The activator composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the activator composition is free of tin compounds. 7. The activator composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the activator composition comprises between 0.5% and 10% by weight of silane S. 8. The activator composition as claimed in claim 1, comprising
a) between 0.5% and 25% by weight of the catalyst K, b) between 65% and 99.5% by weight of the organic solvent L, c) between 0% and 10% by weight of a silane S. 9. A method of using an activator composition comprising obtaining the activator composition as claimed in claim 1, and accelerating the buildup of adhesion in a two-component adhesive using the activator composition. 10. A kit of parts comprising
c) an activator composition as claimed in claim 1, d) a two-component adhesive. 11. A method of accelerating the buildup of adhesion on a substrate S1 in the bonding of the substrate S1 to a second substrate S2, comprising the steps of
i) applying an activator composition as claimed in claim 1 to at least one of the two substrates; ii) flashing off the activator composition applied; iii) applying a two-component adhesive or sealant to the first substrate S1; iv) contacting the adhesive or sealant with a second substrate S2; or i) applying an activator composition as claimed in claim 1 to at least one of the two substrates; ii) flashing off the activator composition applied; iii) applying a two-component adhesive or sealant to the second substrate S1; iv) contacting the adhesive present on the second substrate S2 with the first substrate S1. 12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein at least one of the substrates S1 and S2 comprises a metal, a painted surface or a plastic. 13. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the two-component adhesive or sealant is a polyurethane adhesive or an adhesive based on silane-functional polymers. 14. An article produced by a method as claimed in claim 11. 15. The article as claimed in claim 14, wherein the article is a mode of transport. | 2,600 |
338,883 | 16,641,948 | 2,665 | A system and method for collecting information by using a digital recognition device can collect advertisement catalogue information without disclosing customer information to an advertiser. The system may include: a tag information read unit configured to read tag information; a tag information input unit; a customer terminal configured to register personal information of a customer and a customer identification code; an advertiser terminal configured to generate an identification code (ID and P/W) based on personal information of an advertiser and an advertiser identification code; a Database configured to store the unique number given to the tag information read unit, the unique number of the tag information input unit, the personal information of the customer, the customer identification code, the identification code, the personal information of the advertiser, the advertiser identification code, an advertisement contents matching table, and the advertisement contents; and the digital information providing server. | 1. A system for collecting information by using a digital recognition device, comprising:
a tag information read unit given a unique number for itself, and configured to read tag information; a tag information input unit having a unique number for itself and personal identification information for receiving digital advertisement information, registered therein; a customer terminal configured to register personal information of a customer and a customer identification code (ID and P/W), which are required for membership sign-up, in a digital information providing server; an advertiser terminal configured to generate an identification code (ID and P/W) based on personal information of an advertiser and an advertiser identification code (ID and P/W), which are required for membership sign-up to provide advertisement information to the customer, the unique number of the tag information read unit, and advertisement information contents owned by the advertiser, register the identification code in the digital information providing server, upload the advertisement information contents to the digital information providing server, and deposit an amount of money for advertisement information transmission cost into the digital information providing server; a DB (Database) configured to store the unique number given to the tag information read unit, the unique number of the tag information input unit, the personal information of the customer, the customer identification code (ID and P/W), the identification code (ID and P/W) given to the advertisement information, the personal information of the advertiser, the advertiser identification code (ID and P/W), an advertisement contents matching table for matching the advertisement information identification code with an index table of advertisement contents, and the advertisement contents; and the digital information providing server configured to register the identification codes of the customer and the advertiser, the unique number of the card reader and the identification code of the advertisement information therein, assign the unit number of the tag information input unit to the customer, receive the unique number of the tag information read unit, the identification code of the advertisement information registered in the tag information read unit, the unique number of the tag information input unit, and the personal identification code, as the customer touches the tag information read unit with the tag information input unit, request a customer information list from the DB to check whether the unique number of the tag information input unit and the customer identification code which are provided by the tag information read unit are matched with a customer ID, retrieve advertisement information matched with the advertisement information identification code from the DB, provide the retrieved advertisement information to the customer, and deduct an advertisement cost from the amount of money deposited by the advertiser. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a tag information input unit registration reader configured to assign the unique number of the tag information input unit and register the unique number in the digital information providing server, when the customer requests member registration. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a GPS (Global Positioning System) configured to provide position information of the tag information input unit to the digital information providing server. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the digital information read unit is any one selected among an RFID reader, an NFC (Near Field Communication) reader, a barcode reader, a QR code reader, an iris recognition device, a fingerprint recognition device and a hologram recognition device. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the tag information input unit registration reader is any one selected among an RFID card, an NFC card, a barcode, a QR code, iris recognition, fingerprint recognition and hologram. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the digital information providing server comprises:
an advertiser member registration unit configured to receive an advertisement request from the advertiser terminal and register an advertiser member; an amount deposit unit configured to request the advertiser to deposit an amount of money for advertisement, in order to charge the advertiser for advertisement provision after the advertiser member registration is completed by the advertiser member registration unit; a contents upload unit configured to upload an advertisement information identification code (ID and P/W) and advertisement information contents corresponding to the advertisement information identification code, after the amount deposit unit checks that the amount of money is deposited; a matching unit configured to check whether a customer identification code stored in the DB is matched with the personal identification code and the unique number of the tag information input unit, received through the tag information read unit, as the customer touches the tag information read unit with the tag information input unit, and check whether the advertisement contents matching table stored in the DB is matched with the unique number of the tag information read unit and the advertisement information identification code; an advertisement contents transmitting unit configured to retrieve requested advertisement information contents from the advertisement contents matching table of the DB, and transmit the retrieved advertisement information contents to the customer, when the matching unit checks that the advertisement contents matching table is matched with the unique number of the tag information read unit and the advertisement information identification code; a customer member registration unit configured to perform member registration according to a member registration request of the customer; a tag information input unit registration unit configured to register the unique number of the tag information input unit when the customer signs up for membership, and register the tag information input unit through an tag information input unit registration reader by matching the unique number of the tag information input unit with an authentication number provided to the customer terminal; a download list storage unit configured to store advertisement information which is downloaded as the customer touches the tag information read unit with the tag information input unit, and classify the advertisement information for each information type; a central control unit configured to store, in the DB, the identification codes (ID and P/W) given during the membership sign-up of the advertiser and the customer, the unique number of the tag information input unit, the unique number of the tag information read unit, the advertisement information identification code, and the advertisement contents matching table in which the advertisement contents corresponding to the advertisement information identification code are indexed, and perform a series of control processes of receiving the tag information input unit unique number provided from the tag information read unit, the personal identification code, the unique number of the tag information read unit, and the advertisement information identification code, check whether the customer identification code stored in the DB is matched with the unique number of the tag information input unit and the personal identification code, and transmit advertisement information to the customer; and a charge unit configured to perform a charge command from the central control unit when the advertisement information is transmitted to the customer. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the digital information providing server further comprises an alarm unit configured to perform counting whenever the tag information read unit is touched with the tag information input unit, and inform the advertiser terminal of the count value. 8. A method for collecting information by using a digital recognition device, comprising:
a first step of requesting, by the customer terminal, a digital information providing server to register individual member information; a second step of selecting an advertisement information receiving method and registering the selected method in the digital information providing server, when the member information of the customer is registered; a third step of registering a tag information registration unit unique number in the digital information providing server, when the member information of the customer is registered; a fourth step of requesting, by an advertiser terminal, the digital information providing server to register advertiser member information, requesting advertisement, and depositing an amount of money for advertisement; a fifth step of inputting the unique number of a tag information read unit, an advertisement information recognition code, the unique number of a tag information input unit, and a personal identification code, stored in the tag information read unit, to the digital information providing server, when the tag information read unit is touched with the tag information input unit carried by a customer, wherein the digital information providing server determines whether customer information stored in a DB is matched with the tag information input unit unique number and the personal identification code; and a sixth step of transmitting an advertisement contents file to a storage place designated by the customer, when the customer information is matched with the tag information input unit unique number in the fifth step. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first step comprises:
a first process of downloading, by the customer, a member registration app to register the member information, when the customer uses a mobile terminal, or connecting to the server to register the member information, when the customer uses a PC (Personal Computer); a second process of inputting, by the customer, the tag information input unit unique number, matched with an authentication number provided to the customer terminal, to a tag information input unit registration reader, when the customer registers the member information; and a third process of registering the tag information input unit unique number, provided from the tag information input unit registration reader, in the digital information providing server, and storing the tag information input unit unique number in the DB. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the third step comprises downloading a dedicated management program, and executing the dedicated management program to decide a catalogue receiving method, wherein the catalogue receiving method comprises designating a receiving path through which a catalogue is transmitted to a storage place selected among an email, SNS and a widget program. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the fourth step comprises:
a fourth process of transmitting, by the advertiser terminal, an advertisement request to the digital information providing server, and then giving an identification code (ID and P/W) to advertisement information contents; a fifth process of registering the identification code (ID and P/W) of the advertisement information contents and the unique number given to the tag information read unit in the digital information providing server; and a sixth process of depositing the amount of money to be consumed as an advertisement fee, and uploading the advertisement information contents. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the fifth step further comprises:
a seventh process of receiving member information (ID and P/W) according to a member registration request from the customer, performing member registration, and storing the member information (ID and P/W) in the DB; an eighth process of assigning a tag information input unit unique number when the member registration of the customer is completed, and matching the tag information input unit unique number with an authentication number provided from the customer to register the tag information input unit unique number in the server; a ninth process of completely registering a tag information read unit identification code provided from the advertiser terminal, and storing advertisement contents, uploaded by the advertiser, in the DB; a tenth process of transmitting, by the tag information read unit, the unique number thereof, an identification code given to the advertisement information, the tag information input unit unique number and the personal identification code to the server, when the customer touches the tag information read unit with the tag information input unit; an 11th process of checking whether the received tag information input unit unique number and the received personal identification code are matched with the customer information, checking an advertisement contents file from an advertisement contents matching table when the tag information input unit unique number and the personal identification code are matched with the customer information, transmitting the advertisement contents to a storage place designated by the customer, transmitting the advertisement contents to a storage place designated by the customer, and transmitting an advertisement service termination text message to the tag information read unit when there is no advertisement contents file; and a 12th process of performing counting by the touch count of the customer, and deducting an amount corresponding to the touch count from the amount of money deposited by the advertiser. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising a 13th process of checking the balance of the tag information read unit, controlling the tag information read unit to generate an alarm when the balance is not enough, and providing the advertiser with information indicating that money needs to be additionally deposited. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the tenth process further comprises a process of checking, by the server, whether a customer ID is matched with the tag information input unit unique number, checking a receiving method desired by the customer, and transmitting advertisement information. 15. The method of claim 8, further comprising a seventh step of counting the number of times that the card reader is touched, and transmitting the count value to the advertisement terminal, after the sixth step. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the seventh step further comprises an eighth step of transmitting the touch count to the advertiser terminal with an alarm. | A system and method for collecting information by using a digital recognition device can collect advertisement catalogue information without disclosing customer information to an advertiser. The system may include: a tag information read unit configured to read tag information; a tag information input unit; a customer terminal configured to register personal information of a customer and a customer identification code; an advertiser terminal configured to generate an identification code (ID and P/W) based on personal information of an advertiser and an advertiser identification code; a Database configured to store the unique number given to the tag information read unit, the unique number of the tag information input unit, the personal information of the customer, the customer identification code, the identification code, the personal information of the advertiser, the advertiser identification code, an advertisement contents matching table, and the advertisement contents; and the digital information providing server.1. A system for collecting information by using a digital recognition device, comprising:
a tag information read unit given a unique number for itself, and configured to read tag information; a tag information input unit having a unique number for itself and personal identification information for receiving digital advertisement information, registered therein; a customer terminal configured to register personal information of a customer and a customer identification code (ID and P/W), which are required for membership sign-up, in a digital information providing server; an advertiser terminal configured to generate an identification code (ID and P/W) based on personal information of an advertiser and an advertiser identification code (ID and P/W), which are required for membership sign-up to provide advertisement information to the customer, the unique number of the tag information read unit, and advertisement information contents owned by the advertiser, register the identification code in the digital information providing server, upload the advertisement information contents to the digital information providing server, and deposit an amount of money for advertisement information transmission cost into the digital information providing server; a DB (Database) configured to store the unique number given to the tag information read unit, the unique number of the tag information input unit, the personal information of the customer, the customer identification code (ID and P/W), the identification code (ID and P/W) given to the advertisement information, the personal information of the advertiser, the advertiser identification code (ID and P/W), an advertisement contents matching table for matching the advertisement information identification code with an index table of advertisement contents, and the advertisement contents; and the digital information providing server configured to register the identification codes of the customer and the advertiser, the unique number of the card reader and the identification code of the advertisement information therein, assign the unit number of the tag information input unit to the customer, receive the unique number of the tag information read unit, the identification code of the advertisement information registered in the tag information read unit, the unique number of the tag information input unit, and the personal identification code, as the customer touches the tag information read unit with the tag information input unit, request a customer information list from the DB to check whether the unique number of the tag information input unit and the customer identification code which are provided by the tag information read unit are matched with a customer ID, retrieve advertisement information matched with the advertisement information identification code from the DB, provide the retrieved advertisement information to the customer, and deduct an advertisement cost from the amount of money deposited by the advertiser. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a tag information input unit registration reader configured to assign the unique number of the tag information input unit and register the unique number in the digital information providing server, when the customer requests member registration. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a GPS (Global Positioning System) configured to provide position information of the tag information input unit to the digital information providing server. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the digital information read unit is any one selected among an RFID reader, an NFC (Near Field Communication) reader, a barcode reader, a QR code reader, an iris recognition device, a fingerprint recognition device and a hologram recognition device. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the tag information input unit registration reader is any one selected among an RFID card, an NFC card, a barcode, a QR code, iris recognition, fingerprint recognition and hologram. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the digital information providing server comprises:
an advertiser member registration unit configured to receive an advertisement request from the advertiser terminal and register an advertiser member; an amount deposit unit configured to request the advertiser to deposit an amount of money for advertisement, in order to charge the advertiser for advertisement provision after the advertiser member registration is completed by the advertiser member registration unit; a contents upload unit configured to upload an advertisement information identification code (ID and P/W) and advertisement information contents corresponding to the advertisement information identification code, after the amount deposit unit checks that the amount of money is deposited; a matching unit configured to check whether a customer identification code stored in the DB is matched with the personal identification code and the unique number of the tag information input unit, received through the tag information read unit, as the customer touches the tag information read unit with the tag information input unit, and check whether the advertisement contents matching table stored in the DB is matched with the unique number of the tag information read unit and the advertisement information identification code; an advertisement contents transmitting unit configured to retrieve requested advertisement information contents from the advertisement contents matching table of the DB, and transmit the retrieved advertisement information contents to the customer, when the matching unit checks that the advertisement contents matching table is matched with the unique number of the tag information read unit and the advertisement information identification code; a customer member registration unit configured to perform member registration according to a member registration request of the customer; a tag information input unit registration unit configured to register the unique number of the tag information input unit when the customer signs up for membership, and register the tag information input unit through an tag information input unit registration reader by matching the unique number of the tag information input unit with an authentication number provided to the customer terminal; a download list storage unit configured to store advertisement information which is downloaded as the customer touches the tag information read unit with the tag information input unit, and classify the advertisement information for each information type; a central control unit configured to store, in the DB, the identification codes (ID and P/W) given during the membership sign-up of the advertiser and the customer, the unique number of the tag information input unit, the unique number of the tag information read unit, the advertisement information identification code, and the advertisement contents matching table in which the advertisement contents corresponding to the advertisement information identification code are indexed, and perform a series of control processes of receiving the tag information input unit unique number provided from the tag information read unit, the personal identification code, the unique number of the tag information read unit, and the advertisement information identification code, check whether the customer identification code stored in the DB is matched with the unique number of the tag information input unit and the personal identification code, and transmit advertisement information to the customer; and a charge unit configured to perform a charge command from the central control unit when the advertisement information is transmitted to the customer. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the digital information providing server further comprises an alarm unit configured to perform counting whenever the tag information read unit is touched with the tag information input unit, and inform the advertiser terminal of the count value. 8. A method for collecting information by using a digital recognition device, comprising:
a first step of requesting, by the customer terminal, a digital information providing server to register individual member information; a second step of selecting an advertisement information receiving method and registering the selected method in the digital information providing server, when the member information of the customer is registered; a third step of registering a tag information registration unit unique number in the digital information providing server, when the member information of the customer is registered; a fourth step of requesting, by an advertiser terminal, the digital information providing server to register advertiser member information, requesting advertisement, and depositing an amount of money for advertisement; a fifth step of inputting the unique number of a tag information read unit, an advertisement information recognition code, the unique number of a tag information input unit, and a personal identification code, stored in the tag information read unit, to the digital information providing server, when the tag information read unit is touched with the tag information input unit carried by a customer, wherein the digital information providing server determines whether customer information stored in a DB is matched with the tag information input unit unique number and the personal identification code; and a sixth step of transmitting an advertisement contents file to a storage place designated by the customer, when the customer information is matched with the tag information input unit unique number in the fifth step. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first step comprises:
a first process of downloading, by the customer, a member registration app to register the member information, when the customer uses a mobile terminal, or connecting to the server to register the member information, when the customer uses a PC (Personal Computer); a second process of inputting, by the customer, the tag information input unit unique number, matched with an authentication number provided to the customer terminal, to a tag information input unit registration reader, when the customer registers the member information; and a third process of registering the tag information input unit unique number, provided from the tag information input unit registration reader, in the digital information providing server, and storing the tag information input unit unique number in the DB. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the third step comprises downloading a dedicated management program, and executing the dedicated management program to decide a catalogue receiving method, wherein the catalogue receiving method comprises designating a receiving path through which a catalogue is transmitted to a storage place selected among an email, SNS and a widget program. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the fourth step comprises:
a fourth process of transmitting, by the advertiser terminal, an advertisement request to the digital information providing server, and then giving an identification code (ID and P/W) to advertisement information contents; a fifth process of registering the identification code (ID and P/W) of the advertisement information contents and the unique number given to the tag information read unit in the digital information providing server; and a sixth process of depositing the amount of money to be consumed as an advertisement fee, and uploading the advertisement information contents. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the fifth step further comprises:
a seventh process of receiving member information (ID and P/W) according to a member registration request from the customer, performing member registration, and storing the member information (ID and P/W) in the DB; an eighth process of assigning a tag information input unit unique number when the member registration of the customer is completed, and matching the tag information input unit unique number with an authentication number provided from the customer to register the tag information input unit unique number in the server; a ninth process of completely registering a tag information read unit identification code provided from the advertiser terminal, and storing advertisement contents, uploaded by the advertiser, in the DB; a tenth process of transmitting, by the tag information read unit, the unique number thereof, an identification code given to the advertisement information, the tag information input unit unique number and the personal identification code to the server, when the customer touches the tag information read unit with the tag information input unit; an 11th process of checking whether the received tag information input unit unique number and the received personal identification code are matched with the customer information, checking an advertisement contents file from an advertisement contents matching table when the tag information input unit unique number and the personal identification code are matched with the customer information, transmitting the advertisement contents to a storage place designated by the customer, transmitting the advertisement contents to a storage place designated by the customer, and transmitting an advertisement service termination text message to the tag information read unit when there is no advertisement contents file; and a 12th process of performing counting by the touch count of the customer, and deducting an amount corresponding to the touch count from the amount of money deposited by the advertiser. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising a 13th process of checking the balance of the tag information read unit, controlling the tag information read unit to generate an alarm when the balance is not enough, and providing the advertiser with information indicating that money needs to be additionally deposited. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the tenth process further comprises a process of checking, by the server, whether a customer ID is matched with the tag information input unit unique number, checking a receiving method desired by the customer, and transmitting advertisement information. 15. The method of claim 8, further comprising a seventh step of counting the number of times that the card reader is touched, and transmitting the count value to the advertisement terminal, after the sixth step. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the seventh step further comprises an eighth step of transmitting the touch count to the advertiser terminal with an alarm. | 2,600 |
338,884 | 16,641,925 | 2,665 | The present disclosure provides a catheter tip (100) including a flexible housing (102) defining a cavity (104) extending between an expandable opening (106) arranged at a first end (108) of the catheter tip and a second end (110) of the catheter tip. The catheter tip further includes a plurality of pivotable arms (112) coupled to and extending longitudinally along the flexible housing. The plurality of pivotable arms are arranged to taper inwardly at the first end of the catheter tip toward a longitudinal axis of the flexible housing. The expandable opening is configured to increase in diameter from a first position to a second position in response to application of an external force to the second end of the flexible housing. | 1. A catheter tip, comprising:
a flexible housing defining a cavity extending between an expandable opening arranged at a first end of the catheter tip and a second end of the catheter tip; and a plurality of pivotable arms coupled to and extending longitudinally along the flexible housing, wherein the plurality of pivotable arms are arranged to taper inwardly at the first end of the catheter tip toward a longitudinal axis of the flexible housing, wherein the expandable opening is configured to increase in diameter from a first position to a second position in response to application of an external force to the second end of the flexible housing. 2. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein the catheter tip has a tapered transition from the first end to the second end, and wherein the cavity at the second end has a greater diameter than at the first end. 3. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein the expandable opening has a diameter in the first position ranging from about 0.2032 mm to about 0.3556 mm. 4. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein the expandable opening has a diameter in the second position ranging from about 0.2286 mm to about 1.016 mm. 5. The catheter tip of claim 1, further comprising a catheter coupled to the second end of the catheter tip. 6. The catheter tip of claim 5, further comprising a guide wire-deployable device positioned within a lumen of the catheter, wherein the guide wire-deployable device includes one of an occluder, a pacemaker lead, a snare or a stent graft. 7. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein the plurality of pivotable arms are embedded in the flexible housing, coupled to an interior of the flexible housing or coupled to an exterior of the flexible housing. 8. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein the flexible housing is heat shrunk over the plurality of pivotable arms. 9. The catheter tip of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one frame arranged between the plurality of pivotable arms and the cavity and further arranged between a midpoint of each of the plurality of arms and the second end of the catheter tip, wherein the at least one frame is configured as a pivot point for one or more of the plurality of pivotable arms. 10. The catheter tip of claim 9, wherein the at least one frame comprises a ring, a plurality of segments arranged to form a discontinuous ring, a plurality of ball bearings, and/or a plurality of shafts. 11. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of pivotable arms has a stiffness greater than a stiffness of the flexible housing. 12. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein the expandable opening comprises a single ring or a discontinuous ring defined by a first end of each of the plurality of pivotable arms. 13. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein the plurality of pivotable arms are configured to transition from a linear configuration in which a longitudinal axis of each of the plurality of pivotable arms are in the same plane to a tubular configuration in which the longitudinal axis of each of the plurality of pivotable arms intersect at a center of the expandable opening to thereby form the cavity. 14. The catheter tip of claim 13, wherein a first pivotable arm of the plurality of pivotable arms includes a locking component, and wherein a second pivotable arm of the plurality of pivotable arms includes a key component configured to receive the locking component of the first pivotable arm to thereby form the tubular configuration. 15. The catheter tip of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of pivotable arms includes a locking component and a key component, and wherein the key component of each of the plurality of pivotable arms is configured to receive the locking component of an adjacent pivotable arm of each of the plurality of pivotable arms to thereby form the tubular configuration. 16. The catheter tip of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of pivotable arms includes a beveled edge complementary to a beveled edge of an adjacent pivotable arm of each of the plurality of pivotable arms to thereby form the tubular configuration. 17. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein the expandable opening includes a plurality of ridges or teeth configured to grip a guide wire when the expandable opening is in the first position. 18. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein the plurality of pivotable arms comprises at least three pivotable arms. 19. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of pivotable arms tapers to a point at a first end of the catheter tip. 20. A method of forming a catheter tip, comprising:
forming a plurality of pivotable arms in a linear configuration such that a longitudinal axis of each of the plurality of pivotable arms are in the same plane; and coupling a first edge of a first pivotable arm of the plurality of pivotable arms to a second edge of a second pivotable arm of the plurality of pivotable arms to form a tubular configuration of the plurality of pivotable arms in which the plurality of pivotable arms define a cavity extending between an expandable opening arranged at a first end of the catheter tip and a second end of the catheter tip. 21.-28. (canceled) | The present disclosure provides a catheter tip (100) including a flexible housing (102) defining a cavity (104) extending between an expandable opening (106) arranged at a first end (108) of the catheter tip and a second end (110) of the catheter tip. The catheter tip further includes a plurality of pivotable arms (112) coupled to and extending longitudinally along the flexible housing. The plurality of pivotable arms are arranged to taper inwardly at the first end of the catheter tip toward a longitudinal axis of the flexible housing. The expandable opening is configured to increase in diameter from a first position to a second position in response to application of an external force to the second end of the flexible housing.1. A catheter tip, comprising:
a flexible housing defining a cavity extending between an expandable opening arranged at a first end of the catheter tip and a second end of the catheter tip; and a plurality of pivotable arms coupled to and extending longitudinally along the flexible housing, wherein the plurality of pivotable arms are arranged to taper inwardly at the first end of the catheter tip toward a longitudinal axis of the flexible housing, wherein the expandable opening is configured to increase in diameter from a first position to a second position in response to application of an external force to the second end of the flexible housing. 2. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein the catheter tip has a tapered transition from the first end to the second end, and wherein the cavity at the second end has a greater diameter than at the first end. 3. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein the expandable opening has a diameter in the first position ranging from about 0.2032 mm to about 0.3556 mm. 4. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein the expandable opening has a diameter in the second position ranging from about 0.2286 mm to about 1.016 mm. 5. The catheter tip of claim 1, further comprising a catheter coupled to the second end of the catheter tip. 6. The catheter tip of claim 5, further comprising a guide wire-deployable device positioned within a lumen of the catheter, wherein the guide wire-deployable device includes one of an occluder, a pacemaker lead, a snare or a stent graft. 7. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein the plurality of pivotable arms are embedded in the flexible housing, coupled to an interior of the flexible housing or coupled to an exterior of the flexible housing. 8. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein the flexible housing is heat shrunk over the plurality of pivotable arms. 9. The catheter tip of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one frame arranged between the plurality of pivotable arms and the cavity and further arranged between a midpoint of each of the plurality of arms and the second end of the catheter tip, wherein the at least one frame is configured as a pivot point for one or more of the plurality of pivotable arms. 10. The catheter tip of claim 9, wherein the at least one frame comprises a ring, a plurality of segments arranged to form a discontinuous ring, a plurality of ball bearings, and/or a plurality of shafts. 11. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of pivotable arms has a stiffness greater than a stiffness of the flexible housing. 12. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein the expandable opening comprises a single ring or a discontinuous ring defined by a first end of each of the plurality of pivotable arms. 13. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein the plurality of pivotable arms are configured to transition from a linear configuration in which a longitudinal axis of each of the plurality of pivotable arms are in the same plane to a tubular configuration in which the longitudinal axis of each of the plurality of pivotable arms intersect at a center of the expandable opening to thereby form the cavity. 14. The catheter tip of claim 13, wherein a first pivotable arm of the plurality of pivotable arms includes a locking component, and wherein a second pivotable arm of the plurality of pivotable arms includes a key component configured to receive the locking component of the first pivotable arm to thereby form the tubular configuration. 15. The catheter tip of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of pivotable arms includes a locking component and a key component, and wherein the key component of each of the plurality of pivotable arms is configured to receive the locking component of an adjacent pivotable arm of each of the plurality of pivotable arms to thereby form the tubular configuration. 16. The catheter tip of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of pivotable arms includes a beveled edge complementary to a beveled edge of an adjacent pivotable arm of each of the plurality of pivotable arms to thereby form the tubular configuration. 17. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein the expandable opening includes a plurality of ridges or teeth configured to grip a guide wire when the expandable opening is in the first position. 18. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein the plurality of pivotable arms comprises at least three pivotable arms. 19. The catheter tip of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of pivotable arms tapers to a point at a first end of the catheter tip. 20. A method of forming a catheter tip, comprising:
forming a plurality of pivotable arms in a linear configuration such that a longitudinal axis of each of the plurality of pivotable arms are in the same plane; and coupling a first edge of a first pivotable arm of the plurality of pivotable arms to a second edge of a second pivotable arm of the plurality of pivotable arms to form a tubular configuration of the plurality of pivotable arms in which the plurality of pivotable arms define a cavity extending between an expandable opening arranged at a first end of the catheter tip and a second end of the catheter tip. 21.-28. (canceled) | 2,600 |
338,885 | 16,641,910 | 2,665 | Disclosed are a pouch-shaped battery case including an upper case and a lower case sealed to one another, the upper case and the lower case made of a laminate sheet comprising a metal layer and a resin layer, at least one of the upper case and the lower case having a concave unit for receiving an electrode assembly, the upper case and the lower case being sealed at all corners thereof located along the outer edge of the concave unit, a middle of a first side surface of each of the upper case and the lower case having a non-sealed portion for gas discharge, the first side surface being adjacent to a second side surface of each of the upper case and the lower case through which an electrode terminal extends, a method of manufacturing the pouch-shaped battery case, and a sealing block for manufacturing the pouch-shaped battery case. | 1. A pouch-shaped battery case, comprising:
an upper case and a lower case sealed to one another, each of the upper case and the lower case made of a laminate sheet comprising a metal layer and a resin layer, at least one of the upper case and the lower case having a concave unit formed therein for receiving an electrode assembly, the upper case and the lower case being sealed to one another at all corners thereof located along an outer edge of the concave unit, a middle of a first side surface of each of the upper case and the lower case having a non-sealed portion for gas discharge, the first side surface being adjacent to a second side surface of each of the upper case and the lower case through which an electrode terminal extends. 2. The pouch-shaped battery case according to claim 1, wherein remaining portions of the outer edge of the concave unit excluding the non-sealed portion are sealed. 3. The pouch-shaped battery case according to claim 1, wherein a length of a sealed portion of the first side surface is 35% or more of an overall length of the first side surface. 4. The pouch-shaped battery case according to claim 1, wherein
the electrode terminal is a positive electrode terminal, a negative electrode terminal extending through the second side surface or a third side surface of each of the upper case and the lower case that is adjacent to the first side surface, and two of the corners of the upper case and the lower case that are sealed to one another are respectively located in contact with the concave unit where the first side surface and the second side surface are connected to each other and where the first side surface and the third side surface are connected to each other. 5. A sealing block for manufacturing the pouch-shaped battery case according to claim 1, the sealing block comprising:
a first block for sealing the outer edge of the concave unit that is opposite from the first side surface; and a second block and a third block coupled perpendicularly to the first block at opposite ends of the first block, each of the second block and the third block comprising a linear portion configured to be parallel to an outer edge of an electrode assembly from which the electrode terminal protrudes, and a crack prevention portion extending perpendicularly from the linear portion, wherein a length of each crack prevention portion is 18% or more of an overall length of the battery case in a longitudinal direction thereof. 6. The sealing block according to claim 5, wherein the second block and the third block are symmetrical with each other and have a same size. 7. The sealing block according to claim 5, wherein the first block is formed integrally with the second block and the third block. 8. The sealing block according to claim 5, wherein a surface of the crack prevention portion of each of the second block and the third block that is configured to face the concave unit has a round structure having a radius of curvature corresponding to a radius of curvature of a corresponding one of the corners of the upper case and the lower case. 9. A method of sealing a pouch-shaped battery case, the method comprising:
(a) placing an upper case and a lower case adjacent to one another, in which an electrode assembly is received, the electrode assembly having positive electrode tabs and negative electrode tabs protruding in different directions, portions of the upper case and the lower case facing each other; (b) placing a sealing block along all outer edges of the upper case and the lower case in the directions in which the positive electrode tabs and the negative electrode tabs protrude, along an entire second one of the outer edges in a direction opposite a direction in which a gas is discharged, and at opposite ends of a first one of the outer edges in the direction in which the gas is discharged; and (c) pressing and/or heating the sealing block to seal the upper case and the lower case to one another, wherein a length of the sealing block located at one end of the first one of the outer edges is 18% or more of an overall length of the first one of the outer edges, the first one of the outer edges having a non-sealed portion configured to receive a discharge of the gas therethrough. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein, during step (b), the sealing block is adjacent to an outer edge of a concave unit formed in the upper case and the lower case for receiving the electrode assembly. 11. The method according to claim 9, further comprising (d) discharging the gas through the non-sealed portion after step (c). 12. A secondary battery comprising the pouch-shaped battery case according to claim 1. | Disclosed are a pouch-shaped battery case including an upper case and a lower case sealed to one another, the upper case and the lower case made of a laminate sheet comprising a metal layer and a resin layer, at least one of the upper case and the lower case having a concave unit for receiving an electrode assembly, the upper case and the lower case being sealed at all corners thereof located along the outer edge of the concave unit, a middle of a first side surface of each of the upper case and the lower case having a non-sealed portion for gas discharge, the first side surface being adjacent to a second side surface of each of the upper case and the lower case through which an electrode terminal extends, a method of manufacturing the pouch-shaped battery case, and a sealing block for manufacturing the pouch-shaped battery case.1. A pouch-shaped battery case, comprising:
an upper case and a lower case sealed to one another, each of the upper case and the lower case made of a laminate sheet comprising a metal layer and a resin layer, at least one of the upper case and the lower case having a concave unit formed therein for receiving an electrode assembly, the upper case and the lower case being sealed to one another at all corners thereof located along an outer edge of the concave unit, a middle of a first side surface of each of the upper case and the lower case having a non-sealed portion for gas discharge, the first side surface being adjacent to a second side surface of each of the upper case and the lower case through which an electrode terminal extends. 2. The pouch-shaped battery case according to claim 1, wherein remaining portions of the outer edge of the concave unit excluding the non-sealed portion are sealed. 3. The pouch-shaped battery case according to claim 1, wherein a length of a sealed portion of the first side surface is 35% or more of an overall length of the first side surface. 4. The pouch-shaped battery case according to claim 1, wherein
the electrode terminal is a positive electrode terminal, a negative electrode terminal extending through the second side surface or a third side surface of each of the upper case and the lower case that is adjacent to the first side surface, and two of the corners of the upper case and the lower case that are sealed to one another are respectively located in contact with the concave unit where the first side surface and the second side surface are connected to each other and where the first side surface and the third side surface are connected to each other. 5. A sealing block for manufacturing the pouch-shaped battery case according to claim 1, the sealing block comprising:
a first block for sealing the outer edge of the concave unit that is opposite from the first side surface; and a second block and a third block coupled perpendicularly to the first block at opposite ends of the first block, each of the second block and the third block comprising a linear portion configured to be parallel to an outer edge of an electrode assembly from which the electrode terminal protrudes, and a crack prevention portion extending perpendicularly from the linear portion, wherein a length of each crack prevention portion is 18% or more of an overall length of the battery case in a longitudinal direction thereof. 6. The sealing block according to claim 5, wherein the second block and the third block are symmetrical with each other and have a same size. 7. The sealing block according to claim 5, wherein the first block is formed integrally with the second block and the third block. 8. The sealing block according to claim 5, wherein a surface of the crack prevention portion of each of the second block and the third block that is configured to face the concave unit has a round structure having a radius of curvature corresponding to a radius of curvature of a corresponding one of the corners of the upper case and the lower case. 9. A method of sealing a pouch-shaped battery case, the method comprising:
(a) placing an upper case and a lower case adjacent to one another, in which an electrode assembly is received, the electrode assembly having positive electrode tabs and negative electrode tabs protruding in different directions, portions of the upper case and the lower case facing each other; (b) placing a sealing block along all outer edges of the upper case and the lower case in the directions in which the positive electrode tabs and the negative electrode tabs protrude, along an entire second one of the outer edges in a direction opposite a direction in which a gas is discharged, and at opposite ends of a first one of the outer edges in the direction in which the gas is discharged; and (c) pressing and/or heating the sealing block to seal the upper case and the lower case to one another, wherein a length of the sealing block located at one end of the first one of the outer edges is 18% or more of an overall length of the first one of the outer edges, the first one of the outer edges having a non-sealed portion configured to receive a discharge of the gas therethrough. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein, during step (b), the sealing block is adjacent to an outer edge of a concave unit formed in the upper case and the lower case for receiving the electrode assembly. 11. The method according to claim 9, further comprising (d) discharging the gas through the non-sealed portion after step (c). 12. A secondary battery comprising the pouch-shaped battery case according to claim 1. | 2,600 |
338,886 | 16,641,935 | 2,665 | The present invention relates to a method of preparing a water-based surface treatment agent and a water-based surface treatment agent prepared using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a water-based surface treatment agent used to form a surface treatment layer included in artificial leather for automobile seat covers and a method of preparing the water-based surface treatment agent. According to the present invention, when the water-based surface treatment agent is used to manufacture artificial leather, occurrence of whitening of the surface of the artificial leather may be prevented. | 1. A method of preparing a water-based surface treatment agent, comprising:
(a) adding a curing agent (B) to a water-based solvent (C) and performing stirring; (b) stirring a main material (A), a silicon compound (D), and an additive; and (c) adding the mixture of step (a) to the mixture of step (b) and performing stirring. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (a), the curing agent (B) is added to the water-based solvent (C), and then stirring is performed at 20 to 30° C. for 40 minutes to 5 hours. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (a), the water-based solvent (C) is water, an alcohol, or a mixture thereof. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (a), the curing agent (B) comprises one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of an aziridine group, an isocyanate group, and a carbodiimide group per molecule. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (a), 1 to 25 parts by weight of the water-based solvent (C) and 1 to 25 parts by weight of the curing agent (B) are mixed. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the main material (A), the silicon compound (D), and the additive are stirred at 20 to 30° C. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the main material (A) is a main material (A-1) prepared by dispersing, in a water-based solvent, a polyurethane having one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, and a combination thereof per molecule. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the polyurethane is a polycarbonate-based polyurethane. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein a content of the polyurethane in the main material (A-1) is 5 to 30% by weight. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the main material (A) is a main material (A-2) prepared by dispersing, in a water-based solvent, an acrylic-modified polyurethane further comprising an acrylate in a main chain thereof. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein a content of the acrylic-modified urethane in the main material (A-2) is 1 to 10% by weight. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the main material (A-2) comprises 0.01 to 2% by weight of a siloxane. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the main material (A) is prepared by mixing a main material (A-1) and a main material (A-2) in a weight ratio of 1:9 to 4:6,
wherein the main material (A-1) is prepared by dispersing, in a water-based solvent, a polyurethane having one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, and a combination thereof per molecule, and the main material (A-2) is prepared by dispersing, in a water-based solvent, an acrylic-modified polyurethane further comprising an acrylate in a main chain thereof. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the silicon compound (D) is a polysiloxane of a liquid form dispersed in water or a polysiloxane of a bead form,
wherein a content of the polysiloxane in the silicon compound of a liquid form is 5 to 30% by weight. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the silicon compound (D) is comprised in an amount of 1 to 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the main material (A). 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the additive is an antifoaming agent or a leveling agent. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein, based on 100 parts by weight of the main material (A), the antifoaming agent is comprised in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 parts by weight and the leveling agent is comprised in an amount of 1 to 5 parts by weight. 18. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (c), stirring is performed at 20 to 30° C. for 0.2 to 1 hour. 19. A water-based surface treatment agent prepared using the method according to claim 1. 20. The water-based surface treatment agent according to claim 19, wherein a viscosity of the water-based surface treatment agent is 150 to 700 cps at 25° C. | The present invention relates to a method of preparing a water-based surface treatment agent and a water-based surface treatment agent prepared using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a water-based surface treatment agent used to form a surface treatment layer included in artificial leather for automobile seat covers and a method of preparing the water-based surface treatment agent. According to the present invention, when the water-based surface treatment agent is used to manufacture artificial leather, occurrence of whitening of the surface of the artificial leather may be prevented.1. A method of preparing a water-based surface treatment agent, comprising:
(a) adding a curing agent (B) to a water-based solvent (C) and performing stirring; (b) stirring a main material (A), a silicon compound (D), and an additive; and (c) adding the mixture of step (a) to the mixture of step (b) and performing stirring. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (a), the curing agent (B) is added to the water-based solvent (C), and then stirring is performed at 20 to 30° C. for 40 minutes to 5 hours. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (a), the water-based solvent (C) is water, an alcohol, or a mixture thereof. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (a), the curing agent (B) comprises one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of an aziridine group, an isocyanate group, and a carbodiimide group per molecule. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (a), 1 to 25 parts by weight of the water-based solvent (C) and 1 to 25 parts by weight of the curing agent (B) are mixed. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the main material (A), the silicon compound (D), and the additive are stirred at 20 to 30° C. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the main material (A) is a main material (A-1) prepared by dispersing, in a water-based solvent, a polyurethane having one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, and a combination thereof per molecule. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the polyurethane is a polycarbonate-based polyurethane. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein a content of the polyurethane in the main material (A-1) is 5 to 30% by weight. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the main material (A) is a main material (A-2) prepared by dispersing, in a water-based solvent, an acrylic-modified polyurethane further comprising an acrylate in a main chain thereof. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein a content of the acrylic-modified urethane in the main material (A-2) is 1 to 10% by weight. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the main material (A-2) comprises 0.01 to 2% by weight of a siloxane. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the main material (A) is prepared by mixing a main material (A-1) and a main material (A-2) in a weight ratio of 1:9 to 4:6,
wherein the main material (A-1) is prepared by dispersing, in a water-based solvent, a polyurethane having one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, and a combination thereof per molecule, and the main material (A-2) is prepared by dispersing, in a water-based solvent, an acrylic-modified polyurethane further comprising an acrylate in a main chain thereof. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the silicon compound (D) is a polysiloxane of a liquid form dispersed in water or a polysiloxane of a bead form,
wherein a content of the polysiloxane in the silicon compound of a liquid form is 5 to 30% by weight. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the silicon compound (D) is comprised in an amount of 1 to 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the main material (A). 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the additive is an antifoaming agent or a leveling agent. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein, based on 100 parts by weight of the main material (A), the antifoaming agent is comprised in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 parts by weight and the leveling agent is comprised in an amount of 1 to 5 parts by weight. 18. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (c), stirring is performed at 20 to 30° C. for 0.2 to 1 hour. 19. A water-based surface treatment agent prepared using the method according to claim 1. 20. The water-based surface treatment agent according to claim 19, wherein a viscosity of the water-based surface treatment agent is 150 to 700 cps at 25° C. | 2,600 |
338,887 | 16,641,950 | 2,665 | The present disclosure provides a fusion polypeptide comprising: a) an enzymatically active RNA-guided endonuclease that introduces a single-stranded break in a target DNA; and b) an error-prone DNA polymerase. The present disclosure provides a system comprising: a) a fusion polypeptide of the present disclosure; and b) a guide RNA. The present disclosure provides a cell comprising a fusion polypeptide of the present disclosure, or a system of the present disclosure. The present disclosure provides a method of mutagenizing a target polynucleotide. | 1. A fusion polypeptide comprising:
a) an enzymatically active RNA-guided endonuclease that introduces a single-stranded break in a target DNA; and b) an error-prone DNA polymerase. 2. The fusion polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the RNA-guided endonuclease is:
a class 2 CRISPR/Cas endonuclease; b) a type V CRISPR/Cas endonuclease; c) a type VI CRISPR/Cas endonuclease; d) a Cas9 polypeptide; or e) a Cpf1 polypeptide. 3.-8. (canceled) 9. The fusion polypeptide of claim 1, further comprising a DNA-binding polypeptide that increases the processivity of the DNA polymerase. 10.-19. (canceled) 20. The fusion polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the fusion polypeptide, when complexed with a guide RNA, introduces mutations at a distance of from 1 nucleotide to 104 nucleotides from a nick in a target DNA introduced by the RNA-guided endonuclease. 21.-22. (canceled) 23. The fusion polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the fusion polypeptide comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus:
a) the enzymatically active RNA-guided endonuclease; and b) the error-prone DNA polymerase; or a) the enzymatically active RNA-guided endonuclease; b) a linker; and c) the error-prone DNA polymerase; or a) the error-prone DNA polymerase; and b) the enzymatically active RNA-guided endonuclease; or a) the error-prone DNA polymerase; b) a linker; and c) the enzymatically active RNA-guided endonuclease; or a) a nuclear localization signal; b) an enzymatically inactive RNA-guided endonuclease; and c) an error-prone DNA polymerase; or a) a nuclear localization signal; b) an error-prone DNA polymerase; and c) an enzymatically inactive RNA-guided endonuclease. 24.-27. (canceled) 28. The fusion polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the fusion polypeptide comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus
a) a nuclear localization signal; b) an error-prone DNA polymerase; and c) an enzymatically inactive RNA-guided endonuclease. 29. The fusion polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the DNA polymerase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85% amino acid sequence to the DNA polymerase I amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 8, wherein the DNA polymerase has one or more of the following: an Ala at amino acid position 242, an Asn at amino acid position 709, an Arg at amino acid position 759, a Tyr at amino acid position 742, and a His at amino acid position 796. 30.-31. (canceled) 32. A system comprising:
a) the fusion polypeptide of claim 1; and b) a guide RNA that comprises:
i) a protein-binding segment comprising a nucleotide sequence that binds to the RNA-guided endonuclease; and
ii) a target-binding segment comprising a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to a target nucleotide sequence in a target nucleic acid. 33.-35. (canceled) 36. A cell comprising the fusion polypeptide of claim 1. 37.-39. (canceled) 40. A cell comprising the system of claim 36. 41.-43. (canceled) 44. A method of mutagenizing a target DNA, the method comprising contacting the target DNA with the system of claim 32. 45.-57. (canceled) 58. A base editor system comprising:
a) the fusion polypeptide of claim 29; and b) a guide RNA that comprises:
i) a protein-binding segment comprising a nucleotide sequence that binds to the RNA-guided endonuclease; and
ii) a target-binding segment comprising a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to a target nucleotide sequence in a target nucleic acid. 59.-61. (canceled) 62. A method of editing a target nucleotide sequence in a target nucleic acid, the method comprising contacting the target nucleotide sequence with the base editor system of claim 58. 63. (canceled) 64. A fusion polypeptide comprising:
a) an enzymatically active RNA-guided endonuclease that introduces a single-stranded break in a target DNA; b) a DNA polymerase; and c) a protein-modifying enzyme or a DNA-modifying enzyme. 65.-66. (canceled) 67. The fusion polypeptide of claim 64, wherein the DNA-modifying enzyme is a cytidine deaminase or an adenosine deaminase. 68. The fusion polypeptide of claim 64, wherein the RNA-guided endonuclease is:
a) a class 2 CRISPR/Cas endonuclease; b) a type V CRISPR/Cas endonuclease; c) a type VI CRISPR/Cas endonuclease; d) a Cas9 polypeptide; or e) a Cpf1 polypeptide. 69.-76. (canceled) 77. A system comprising:
a) the fusion polypeptide of claim 64; and b) a guide RNA that comprises:
i) a protein-binding segment comprising a nucleotide sequence that binds to the RNA-guided endonuclease; and
ii) a target-binding segment comprising a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to a target nucleotide sequence in a target nucleic acid. 78.-80. (canceled) 81. A method of editing a target nucleotide sequence in a target nucleic acid, the method comprising contacting the target nucleotide sequence with the system of claim 77. 82. A nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the fusion polypeptide of claim 64. 83. (canceled) 84. A cell comprising the nucleic acid of claim 82. | The present disclosure provides a fusion polypeptide comprising: a) an enzymatically active RNA-guided endonuclease that introduces a single-stranded break in a target DNA; and b) an error-prone DNA polymerase. The present disclosure provides a system comprising: a) a fusion polypeptide of the present disclosure; and b) a guide RNA. The present disclosure provides a cell comprising a fusion polypeptide of the present disclosure, or a system of the present disclosure. The present disclosure provides a method of mutagenizing a target polynucleotide.1. A fusion polypeptide comprising:
a) an enzymatically active RNA-guided endonuclease that introduces a single-stranded break in a target DNA; and b) an error-prone DNA polymerase. 2. The fusion polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the RNA-guided endonuclease is:
a class 2 CRISPR/Cas endonuclease; b) a type V CRISPR/Cas endonuclease; c) a type VI CRISPR/Cas endonuclease; d) a Cas9 polypeptide; or e) a Cpf1 polypeptide. 3.-8. (canceled) 9. The fusion polypeptide of claim 1, further comprising a DNA-binding polypeptide that increases the processivity of the DNA polymerase. 10.-19. (canceled) 20. The fusion polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the fusion polypeptide, when complexed with a guide RNA, introduces mutations at a distance of from 1 nucleotide to 104 nucleotides from a nick in a target DNA introduced by the RNA-guided endonuclease. 21.-22. (canceled) 23. The fusion polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the fusion polypeptide comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus:
a) the enzymatically active RNA-guided endonuclease; and b) the error-prone DNA polymerase; or a) the enzymatically active RNA-guided endonuclease; b) a linker; and c) the error-prone DNA polymerase; or a) the error-prone DNA polymerase; and b) the enzymatically active RNA-guided endonuclease; or a) the error-prone DNA polymerase; b) a linker; and c) the enzymatically active RNA-guided endonuclease; or a) a nuclear localization signal; b) an enzymatically inactive RNA-guided endonuclease; and c) an error-prone DNA polymerase; or a) a nuclear localization signal; b) an error-prone DNA polymerase; and c) an enzymatically inactive RNA-guided endonuclease. 24.-27. (canceled) 28. The fusion polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the fusion polypeptide comprises, in order from N-terminus to C-terminus
a) a nuclear localization signal; b) an error-prone DNA polymerase; and c) an enzymatically inactive RNA-guided endonuclease. 29. The fusion polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the DNA polymerase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85% amino acid sequence to the DNA polymerase I amino acid sequence depicted in FIG. 8, wherein the DNA polymerase has one or more of the following: an Ala at amino acid position 242, an Asn at amino acid position 709, an Arg at amino acid position 759, a Tyr at amino acid position 742, and a His at amino acid position 796. 30.-31. (canceled) 32. A system comprising:
a) the fusion polypeptide of claim 1; and b) a guide RNA that comprises:
i) a protein-binding segment comprising a nucleotide sequence that binds to the RNA-guided endonuclease; and
ii) a target-binding segment comprising a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to a target nucleotide sequence in a target nucleic acid. 33.-35. (canceled) 36. A cell comprising the fusion polypeptide of claim 1. 37.-39. (canceled) 40. A cell comprising the system of claim 36. 41.-43. (canceled) 44. A method of mutagenizing a target DNA, the method comprising contacting the target DNA with the system of claim 32. 45.-57. (canceled) 58. A base editor system comprising:
a) the fusion polypeptide of claim 29; and b) a guide RNA that comprises:
i) a protein-binding segment comprising a nucleotide sequence that binds to the RNA-guided endonuclease; and
ii) a target-binding segment comprising a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to a target nucleotide sequence in a target nucleic acid. 59.-61. (canceled) 62. A method of editing a target nucleotide sequence in a target nucleic acid, the method comprising contacting the target nucleotide sequence with the base editor system of claim 58. 63. (canceled) 64. A fusion polypeptide comprising:
a) an enzymatically active RNA-guided endonuclease that introduces a single-stranded break in a target DNA; b) a DNA polymerase; and c) a protein-modifying enzyme or a DNA-modifying enzyme. 65.-66. (canceled) 67. The fusion polypeptide of claim 64, wherein the DNA-modifying enzyme is a cytidine deaminase or an adenosine deaminase. 68. The fusion polypeptide of claim 64, wherein the RNA-guided endonuclease is:
a) a class 2 CRISPR/Cas endonuclease; b) a type V CRISPR/Cas endonuclease; c) a type VI CRISPR/Cas endonuclease; d) a Cas9 polypeptide; or e) a Cpf1 polypeptide. 69.-76. (canceled) 77. A system comprising:
a) the fusion polypeptide of claim 64; and b) a guide RNA that comprises:
i) a protein-binding segment comprising a nucleotide sequence that binds to the RNA-guided endonuclease; and
ii) a target-binding segment comprising a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to a target nucleotide sequence in a target nucleic acid. 78.-80. (canceled) 81. A method of editing a target nucleotide sequence in a target nucleic acid, the method comprising contacting the target nucleotide sequence with the system of claim 77. 82. A nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the fusion polypeptide of claim 64. 83. (canceled) 84. A cell comprising the nucleic acid of claim 82. | 2,600 |
338,888 | 16,641,927 | 2,665 | A THz data acquisition and analysis system, use of the THz data analysis system, and a THz data acquisition and analysis method. THz data acquisition and analysis method comprises performing a THz spectroscopy measurement on a sample; acquiring sample data based on the THz spectroscopy measurement; and performing a comparison between the sample data and reference data for identifying the sample. | 1. A THz data acquisition and analysis system comprising:
a THz spectrometer configured for performing a THz spectroscopy measurement on a sample; a data acquisition unit configured for acquiring sample data based on the THz spectroscopy measurement; and a processing unit configured for performing a comparison between the sample data and reference data for identifying the sample. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing unit is be configured for enriching the reference data by performing machine learning using the sample data upon identification. 3. The system of claim 1 or 2, comprising a database for the reference data. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the database also contains a refractive index of a list of materials. 5. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reference data are stored in a shared data centre external to the system, such as in a cloud data base. 6. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the processing unit comprises a computing device with an operation system and/or a standalone device, such as field-programmable gate array (FPGA) modules. 7. The system of any one of the preceding claims, the processing unit is further configured to determine the refractive index of the sample. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to analyse multi-reflection peak positions for the sample with known thickness, and to calculate the refractive index of the sample, which may include performing machine learning. 9. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the processing unit is configured to measure the thickness of the sample. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the processing unit is configured to analyse multi-reflection peak positions of the sample with known refractive index, and to extract the thickness of the sample. 11. The system of claim 9 or 10, wherein the processing unit is configured to calculate the optical conductivity of the sample based on measurement of the transmission or reflection of the sample. 12. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the THz spectrometer is configured for near-field imaging of the sample. 13. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the THz spectrometer comprises an array of emitters and/or an array of detectors. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein a number of emitters and a number of detectors are the same or different. 15. The system of claim 13 or 14, wherein the array of emitters is mounted on a substrate. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the array of detectors is mounted on another substrate or on the same substrate. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the substrate or substrates are flexible. 18. The system of any one of claims 15 to 16, wherein at least one of the substrates is configured for supporting and/or conforming to the sample. 19. The system of any one of the preceding claims, configured as a portable unit. 20. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the THz spectrometer is configured to receive a laser beam for excitation of the THz signal via a free space interface and/or a waveguide interface, such as an optical fibre interface. 21. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the system is incorporated into an existing surveillance or healthcare apparatus, such as an X-ray scanning apparatus or a metal detector. 22. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the system comprises a robotic arm for positioning at least the THz spectrometer relative to the sample. 23. The use of the system of any one of the preceding claims in one or more of a group consisting of safety surveillance; disease diagnosis, including the analysis of biopsy, metabolite, and slide analysis; in skin diagnosis, wherein flexible THz emitters and/or detectors can be bent to fit the human body curvature for accurate analysis; in eye inspection, wherein flexible THz emitters and/or detectors can be bent to fit the cornea curvature for more accurate analysis; in dental care, wherein THz phase array antenna can be applied for a high speed dental check, for instance, for the tooth decay depth before root canal therapy; painting analysis; poisonous gas/air pollution detection; product quality check; beauty treatment & therapy; and restoration of cultural relics. 24. A THz data acquisition and analysis method comprising:
performing a THz spectroscopy measurement on a sample; acquiring sample data based on the THz spectroscopy measurement; and performing a comparison between the sample data and reference data for identifying the sample. 25. The method of claim 24, comprising enriching the reference data using the sample data upon identification. 26. The method of claim 24 or 25, comprising using a database for the reference data. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the database contains the refractive index of a list of materials. 28. The method of any one of claims 24 to 27, wherein the reference data are stored in a shared data centre external to the system, such as in a cloud data base. 29. The method of any one of claims 24 to 28, comprising determining the refractive index of the sample. 30. The method of claim 29, comprising analysing multi-reflection peak positions for the sample with a known thickness, and calculating the refractive index of the sample, which may include performing machine learning. 31. The method of any one of claims 24 to 30, comprising measuring the thickness of the sample. 32. The method of claim 31, comprising analysing multi-reflection peak positions of the sample with a known refractive index, and extracting the thickness of the sample. 33. The method of claim 31 or 32, comprising calculating the optical conductivity of the sample based on measurement of the transmission or reflection of the sample. 34. The method of any one of claims 24 to 33, comprising performing the THz spectroscopy measurement by near-field imaging of the sample. 35. The method of any one of claims 24 to 34, wherein the THz spectroscopy measurement comprises using an array of emitters and/or an arrays of detectors. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein a number of emitters and a number of detectors are the same or different. 37. The method of claim 35 or 36, wherein the array of emitters is mounted on a substrate. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the array of detectors is mounted on another substrate or on the same substrate. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the substrate or substrates are flexible. 40. The method of any one of claims 37 to 39, comprising configuring at least one of the substrates for supporting and/or conforming to the sample. 41. The method of any one of claims 24 to 40, performed using a portable unit. 42. The method of any one of claims 24 to 41, wherein the THz spectroscopy measurement comprises receiving a laser beam for excitation of the THz signal via a free space interface and/or a waveguide interface, such as an optical fibre interface. 43. The method of any one of claims 24 to 42, wherein the method is incorporated into an existing surveillance or healthcare method, such as an X-ray scanning method or a metal detector. 44. The method of any one of claims 24 to 43, comprising using a robotic arm for positioning relative to the sample. | A THz data acquisition and analysis system, use of the THz data analysis system, and a THz data acquisition and analysis method. THz data acquisition and analysis method comprises performing a THz spectroscopy measurement on a sample; acquiring sample data based on the THz spectroscopy measurement; and performing a comparison between the sample data and reference data for identifying the sample.1. A THz data acquisition and analysis system comprising:
a THz spectrometer configured for performing a THz spectroscopy measurement on a sample; a data acquisition unit configured for acquiring sample data based on the THz spectroscopy measurement; and a processing unit configured for performing a comparison between the sample data and reference data for identifying the sample. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing unit is be configured for enriching the reference data by performing machine learning using the sample data upon identification. 3. The system of claim 1 or 2, comprising a database for the reference data. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the database also contains a refractive index of a list of materials. 5. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reference data are stored in a shared data centre external to the system, such as in a cloud data base. 6. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the processing unit comprises a computing device with an operation system and/or a standalone device, such as field-programmable gate array (FPGA) modules. 7. The system of any one of the preceding claims, the processing unit is further configured to determine the refractive index of the sample. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to analyse multi-reflection peak positions for the sample with known thickness, and to calculate the refractive index of the sample, which may include performing machine learning. 9. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the processing unit is configured to measure the thickness of the sample. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the processing unit is configured to analyse multi-reflection peak positions of the sample with known refractive index, and to extract the thickness of the sample. 11. The system of claim 9 or 10, wherein the processing unit is configured to calculate the optical conductivity of the sample based on measurement of the transmission or reflection of the sample. 12. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the THz spectrometer is configured for near-field imaging of the sample. 13. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the THz spectrometer comprises an array of emitters and/or an array of detectors. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein a number of emitters and a number of detectors are the same or different. 15. The system of claim 13 or 14, wherein the array of emitters is mounted on a substrate. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the array of detectors is mounted on another substrate or on the same substrate. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the substrate or substrates are flexible. 18. The system of any one of claims 15 to 16, wherein at least one of the substrates is configured for supporting and/or conforming to the sample. 19. The system of any one of the preceding claims, configured as a portable unit. 20. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the THz spectrometer is configured to receive a laser beam for excitation of the THz signal via a free space interface and/or a waveguide interface, such as an optical fibre interface. 21. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the system is incorporated into an existing surveillance or healthcare apparatus, such as an X-ray scanning apparatus or a metal detector. 22. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the system comprises a robotic arm for positioning at least the THz spectrometer relative to the sample. 23. The use of the system of any one of the preceding claims in one or more of a group consisting of safety surveillance; disease diagnosis, including the analysis of biopsy, metabolite, and slide analysis; in skin diagnosis, wherein flexible THz emitters and/or detectors can be bent to fit the human body curvature for accurate analysis; in eye inspection, wherein flexible THz emitters and/or detectors can be bent to fit the cornea curvature for more accurate analysis; in dental care, wherein THz phase array antenna can be applied for a high speed dental check, for instance, for the tooth decay depth before root canal therapy; painting analysis; poisonous gas/air pollution detection; product quality check; beauty treatment & therapy; and restoration of cultural relics. 24. A THz data acquisition and analysis method comprising:
performing a THz spectroscopy measurement on a sample; acquiring sample data based on the THz spectroscopy measurement; and performing a comparison between the sample data and reference data for identifying the sample. 25. The method of claim 24, comprising enriching the reference data using the sample data upon identification. 26. The method of claim 24 or 25, comprising using a database for the reference data. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the database contains the refractive index of a list of materials. 28. The method of any one of claims 24 to 27, wherein the reference data are stored in a shared data centre external to the system, such as in a cloud data base. 29. The method of any one of claims 24 to 28, comprising determining the refractive index of the sample. 30. The method of claim 29, comprising analysing multi-reflection peak positions for the sample with a known thickness, and calculating the refractive index of the sample, which may include performing machine learning. 31. The method of any one of claims 24 to 30, comprising measuring the thickness of the sample. 32. The method of claim 31, comprising analysing multi-reflection peak positions of the sample with a known refractive index, and extracting the thickness of the sample. 33. The method of claim 31 or 32, comprising calculating the optical conductivity of the sample based on measurement of the transmission or reflection of the sample. 34. The method of any one of claims 24 to 33, comprising performing the THz spectroscopy measurement by near-field imaging of the sample. 35. The method of any one of claims 24 to 34, wherein the THz spectroscopy measurement comprises using an array of emitters and/or an arrays of detectors. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein a number of emitters and a number of detectors are the same or different. 37. The method of claim 35 or 36, wherein the array of emitters is mounted on a substrate. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the array of detectors is mounted on another substrate or on the same substrate. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the substrate or substrates are flexible. 40. The method of any one of claims 37 to 39, comprising configuring at least one of the substrates for supporting and/or conforming to the sample. 41. The method of any one of claims 24 to 40, performed using a portable unit. 42. The method of any one of claims 24 to 41, wherein the THz spectroscopy measurement comprises receiving a laser beam for excitation of the THz signal via a free space interface and/or a waveguide interface, such as an optical fibre interface. 43. The method of any one of claims 24 to 42, wherein the method is incorporated into an existing surveillance or healthcare method, such as an X-ray scanning method or a metal detector. 44. The method of any one of claims 24 to 43, comprising using a robotic arm for positioning relative to the sample. | 2,600 |
338,889 | 16,641,963 | 2,665 | This invention relates to a method of evaluating a squeegeeing property of powder for lamination shaping by stable criteria. In this method, the squeegeeing property is evaluated using at least a satellite adhesion ratio of the powder and an apparent density of the powder. The satellite adhesion ratio is the ratio of the number of particles on which satellites are adhered to the number of all particles. If the satellite adhesion ratio is equal to or less than 50%, and the apparent density is equal to or more than 3.5 g/cm3, the squeegeeing property is evaluated as that the powder can be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. Furthermore, if the 50% particle size of a powder obtained by a laser diffraction method is 3 to 250 μm, the squeegeeing property is evaluated as that the powder can be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. | 1. A method of evaluating a squeegeeing property of powder for lamination shaping, wherein the squeegeeing property is evaluated using at least a satellite adhesion ratio of the powder and an apparent density of the powder. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the satellite adhesion ratio is a ratio of a number of particles on which satellites are adhered to a number of all particles, and, if the satellite adhesion ratio is equal to or less than 50%, and the apparent density is equal to or more than 3.5 g/cm3, the squeegeeing property is evaluated as that the powder can be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the squeegeeing property is evaluated further using a 50% particle size of the powder obtained by a laser diffraction method. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein if the 50% particle size is 3 to 250 μm, the squeegeeing property is evaluated as that the powder can be spread into the uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the squeegeeing property is evaluated further using an adhesive force of the powder calculated from a failure envelope obtained by a shear test performed by a powder rheometer. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein if the adhesive force is equal to or less than 0.450 kPa, the squeegeeing property is evaluated as that the powder can be spread into the uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the powder is metal powder or metal alloy powder. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the metal powder or the metal alloy is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 9. Powder, which has been evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in lamination shaping by a method according to claim 2. 10. The powder according to claim 9, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 11. The method according to claim 2, wherein if a 50% particle size is 3 to 250 μm, the squeegeeing property is evaluated as that the powder can be spread into the uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 12. The method according to claim 2, wherein if an adhesive force is equal to or less than 0.450 kPa, the squeegeeing property is evaluated as that the powder can be spread into the uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein if an adhesive force is equal to or less than 0.450 kPa, the squeegeeing property is evaluated as that the powder can be spread into the uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 14. The method according to claim 2, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 15. The method according to claim 4, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 16. The method according to claim 6, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 17. The powder according to claim 4, which has been evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in lamination shaping by a method according to claim 4. 18. The powder according to claim 17, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 19. The powder according to claim 17, which has been evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in lamination shaping by a method according to claim 6. 20. The powder according to claim 19, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. | This invention relates to a method of evaluating a squeegeeing property of powder for lamination shaping by stable criteria. In this method, the squeegeeing property is evaluated using at least a satellite adhesion ratio of the powder and an apparent density of the powder. The satellite adhesion ratio is the ratio of the number of particles on which satellites are adhered to the number of all particles. If the satellite adhesion ratio is equal to or less than 50%, and the apparent density is equal to or more than 3.5 g/cm3, the squeegeeing property is evaluated as that the powder can be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. Furthermore, if the 50% particle size of a powder obtained by a laser diffraction method is 3 to 250 μm, the squeegeeing property is evaluated as that the powder can be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping.1. A method of evaluating a squeegeeing property of powder for lamination shaping, wherein the squeegeeing property is evaluated using at least a satellite adhesion ratio of the powder and an apparent density of the powder. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the satellite adhesion ratio is a ratio of a number of particles on which satellites are adhered to a number of all particles, and, if the satellite adhesion ratio is equal to or less than 50%, and the apparent density is equal to or more than 3.5 g/cm3, the squeegeeing property is evaluated as that the powder can be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the squeegeeing property is evaluated further using a 50% particle size of the powder obtained by a laser diffraction method. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein if the 50% particle size is 3 to 250 μm, the squeegeeing property is evaluated as that the powder can be spread into the uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the squeegeeing property is evaluated further using an adhesive force of the powder calculated from a failure envelope obtained by a shear test performed by a powder rheometer. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein if the adhesive force is equal to or less than 0.450 kPa, the squeegeeing property is evaluated as that the powder can be spread into the uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the powder is metal powder or metal alloy powder. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the metal powder or the metal alloy is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 9. Powder, which has been evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in lamination shaping by a method according to claim 2. 10. The powder according to claim 9, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 11. The method according to claim 2, wherein if a 50% particle size is 3 to 250 μm, the squeegeeing property is evaluated as that the powder can be spread into the uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 12. The method according to claim 2, wherein if an adhesive force is equal to or less than 0.450 kPa, the squeegeeing property is evaluated as that the powder can be spread into the uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein if an adhesive force is equal to or less than 0.450 kPa, the squeegeeing property is evaluated as that the powder can be spread into the uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 14. The method according to claim 2, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 15. The method according to claim 4, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 16. The method according to claim 6, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 17. The powder according to claim 4, which has been evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in lamination shaping by a method according to claim 4. 18. The powder according to claim 17, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 19. The powder according to claim 17, which has been evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in lamination shaping by a method according to claim 6. 20. The powder according to claim 19, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. | 2,600 |
338,890 | 16,641,942 | 2,665 | The present invention relates to the field of optical effect layers (OEL) comprising magnetically oriented non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles on a substrate, spinneable magnetic assemblies and processes for producing said optical effect layers (OEL). In particular, the present invention relates to spinneable magnetic assemblies and processes for producing said OELs as anti-counterfeit means on security documents or security articles or for decorative purposes. | 1. An optical effect layer (OEL) comprising a radiation cured coating composition comprising non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles, said non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles being oriented according to an orientation pattern,
wherein the orientation pattern is circularly symmetric around a center of rotation, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at at least two, distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin (θ)|≥10°, and said optical effect layer providing an optical impression of at least one circularly moving spot or at least one comet-shaped spot rotating around said center of rotation upon tilting said OEL. 2. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the plurality of non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable particles is constituted by non-spherical oblate optically variable magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles. 3. The optical effect layer according to claim 2, wherein the optically variable magnetic or magnetizable pigments are selected from the group consisting of magnetic thin-film interference pigments, magnetic cholesteric liquid crystal pigments and mixtures thereof. 4. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the radiation cured coating composition is a UV-Vis radiation cured coating composition. 5. (canceled) 6. A security document or a decorative element or object comprising one or more optical effect layers (OELs) recited in claim 1. 7. A printing apparatus for producing on a substrate the optical effect layer (OEL) recited in claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles are oriented with the magnetic field from at least one spinning magnetic assembly comprised in the apparatus, the spinning magnetic assembly having an axis of spinning, wherein the surface of the substrate provided with the OEL is substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning of the magnet assembly, and comprising at least a) first magnetic-field generating device and b) a second magnetic-field generating device, wherein said first magnetic-field generating device and said second magnetic-field generating device have mutually skew magnetic axes, wherein said first magnetic-field generating device has its magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and said second magnetic-field generating device has its magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and wherein the projection of the magnetic axis of the first magnetic-field generating device and the projection of the magnetic axis of the second magnetic-field generating device along the axis of spinning onto a plane perpendicular to the axis of spinning form an angle either in a range from about 5° to about 175° or in a range from about −5° to about −175°,
and wherein
a) the first magnetic-field generating device comprises
a bar dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or
two or more bar dipole magnets, each of said two or more bar dipole magnets having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and all of said two or more bar dipole magnets having a same magnetic field direction, or
a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or
a disc-shaped dipole magnet being nested inside a loop-shaped dipole magnet, each of the disc-shaped dipole magnet and the loop-shaped dipole magnets having their North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and having a same magnetic field direction, or
two or more nested loop-shaped dipole magnets, each of said two or more nested loop-shaped dipole magnets, having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and all of said two or more nested ring-shaped magnets having a same magnetic field direction; and wherein
b) the second magnetic-field generating device comprises
a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or
a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or
a bar dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7,
wherein the first magnetic-field generating device comprises a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and the second magnetic-field generating device (x40) comprises a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning; or wherein the first magnetic-field generating device comprises a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and the second magnetic-field generating device (x40) comprises a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning; or wherein the first magnetic-field generating device comprises a bar dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and the second magnetic-field generating device comprises a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis perpendicular to the axis of spinning; or wherein the first magnetic-field generating device comprises a two or more bar dipole magnets, each of said two or more bar dipole magnets having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and all of said two or more bar dipole magnets having a same magnetic field direction and the second magnetic-field generating device comprises a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning; or wherein the first magnetic-field generating device comprises a disc-shaped dipole magnet being nested inside a loop-shaped dipole magnet, each of the disc-shaped dipole magnet and the loop-shaped dipole magnet having their North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and having a same magnetic field direction and the second magnetic-field generating device comprises a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning; or wherein the first magnetic-field generating device comprises two or more nested ring-shaped magnets, each of said two or more nested ring-shaped magnets having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and all of said two or more nested ring-shaped magnets having a same magnetic field direction and the second magnetic-field generating device comprises a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis perpendicular to the axis of spinning. 9. The apparatus according to claim 7 further comprising a rotating magnetic cylinder or a flatbed printing unit, wherein the at least one spinning magnetic assembly is comprised in the rotating magnetic cylinder or the flatbed printing unit. 10. A process for producing the optical effect layer (OEL) recited in claim 1 on a substrate, said process comprising the steps of:
i) applying on a substrate surface a radiation curable coating composition comprising non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles, said radiation curable coating composition being in a first state;
ii) exposing the radiation curable coating composition to a magnetic field of a printing apparatus wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles are oriented with the magnetic field from at least one spinning magnetic assembly comprised in the apparatus, the spinning magnetic assembly having an axis of spinning, wherein the surface of the substrate provided with the OEL is substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning of the magnet assembly, and comprising at least a) first magnetic-field generating device and b) a second magnetic-field generating device, wherein said first magnetic-field generating device and said second magnetic-field generating device have mutually skew magnetic axes, wherein said first magnetic-field generating device has its magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and said second magnetic-field generating device has its magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and wherein the projection of the magnetic axis of the first magnetic-field generating device and the projection of the magnetic axis of the second magnetic-field generating device along the axis of spinning onto a plane perpendicular to the axis of spinning faint an angle either in a range from about 5° to about 175° or in a range from about −5° to about −175°,
and wherein
a) the first magnetic-field generating device comprises
a bar dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or
two or more bar dipole magnets, each of said two or more bar dipole magnets having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and all of said two or more bar dipole magnets having a same magnetic field direction, or
a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or
a disc-shaped dipole magnet being nested inside a loop-shaped dipole magnet, each of the disc-shaped dipole magnet and the loop-shaped dipole magnets having their North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and having a same magnetic field direction, or
two or more nested loop-shaped dipole magnets, each of said two or more nested loop-shaped dipole magnets, having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and all of said two or more nested ring-shaped magnets having a same magnetic field direction; and wherein
b) the second magnetic-field generating device comprises
a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or
a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or
a bar dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning,
so as to orient at least a part of the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles; and
iii) at least partially curing the radiation curable coating composition of step ii) to a second state so as to fix the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles in their adopted positions and orientations. 11. The process according to claim 10, wherein step iii) is carried out by UV-Vis light radiation curing. 12. The process according to claim 10, wherein step iii) is carried out partially simultaneously with the step ii). 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at at least two distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin (θ)|≥15°. 16. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at four distinct locations x1 along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin (θ)|≥10°. 17. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at four distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin (θ)|≥15°. 18. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the projection of the magnetic axis of the first magnetic-field generating device and the projection of the magnetic axis of the second magnetic-field generating device along the axis of spinning onto a plane perpendicular to the axis of spinning form an angle either in a range from about 15° to about 165° or in a range from about −15° to about −165°. 19. The apparatus according to claim 7, where the loop shaped dipole magnets are ring-shaped. 20. The apparatus according to claim 8, where the loop shaped dipole magnets are ring-shaped. | The present invention relates to the field of optical effect layers (OEL) comprising magnetically oriented non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles on a substrate, spinneable magnetic assemblies and processes for producing said optical effect layers (OEL). In particular, the present invention relates to spinneable magnetic assemblies and processes for producing said OELs as anti-counterfeit means on security documents or security articles or for decorative purposes.1. An optical effect layer (OEL) comprising a radiation cured coating composition comprising non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles, said non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles being oriented according to an orientation pattern,
wherein the orientation pattern is circularly symmetric around a center of rotation, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at at least two, distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin (θ)|≥10°, and said optical effect layer providing an optical impression of at least one circularly moving spot or at least one comet-shaped spot rotating around said center of rotation upon tilting said OEL. 2. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the plurality of non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable particles is constituted by non-spherical oblate optically variable magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles. 3. The optical effect layer according to claim 2, wherein the optically variable magnetic or magnetizable pigments are selected from the group consisting of magnetic thin-film interference pigments, magnetic cholesteric liquid crystal pigments and mixtures thereof. 4. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the radiation cured coating composition is a UV-Vis radiation cured coating composition. 5. (canceled) 6. A security document or a decorative element or object comprising one or more optical effect layers (OELs) recited in claim 1. 7. A printing apparatus for producing on a substrate the optical effect layer (OEL) recited in claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles are oriented with the magnetic field from at least one spinning magnetic assembly comprised in the apparatus, the spinning magnetic assembly having an axis of spinning, wherein the surface of the substrate provided with the OEL is substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning of the magnet assembly, and comprising at least a) first magnetic-field generating device and b) a second magnetic-field generating device, wherein said first magnetic-field generating device and said second magnetic-field generating device have mutually skew magnetic axes, wherein said first magnetic-field generating device has its magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and said second magnetic-field generating device has its magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and wherein the projection of the magnetic axis of the first magnetic-field generating device and the projection of the magnetic axis of the second magnetic-field generating device along the axis of spinning onto a plane perpendicular to the axis of spinning form an angle either in a range from about 5° to about 175° or in a range from about −5° to about −175°,
and wherein
a) the first magnetic-field generating device comprises
a bar dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or
two or more bar dipole magnets, each of said two or more bar dipole magnets having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and all of said two or more bar dipole magnets having a same magnetic field direction, or
a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or
a disc-shaped dipole magnet being nested inside a loop-shaped dipole magnet, each of the disc-shaped dipole magnet and the loop-shaped dipole magnets having their North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and having a same magnetic field direction, or
two or more nested loop-shaped dipole magnets, each of said two or more nested loop-shaped dipole magnets, having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and all of said two or more nested ring-shaped magnets having a same magnetic field direction; and wherein
b) the second magnetic-field generating device comprises
a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or
a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or
a bar dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7,
wherein the first magnetic-field generating device comprises a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and the second magnetic-field generating device (x40) comprises a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning; or wherein the first magnetic-field generating device comprises a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and the second magnetic-field generating device (x40) comprises a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning; or wherein the first magnetic-field generating device comprises a bar dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and the second magnetic-field generating device comprises a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis perpendicular to the axis of spinning; or wherein the first magnetic-field generating device comprises a two or more bar dipole magnets, each of said two or more bar dipole magnets having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and all of said two or more bar dipole magnets having a same magnetic field direction and the second magnetic-field generating device comprises a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning; or wherein the first magnetic-field generating device comprises a disc-shaped dipole magnet being nested inside a loop-shaped dipole magnet, each of the disc-shaped dipole magnet and the loop-shaped dipole magnet having their North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and having a same magnetic field direction and the second magnetic-field generating device comprises a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning; or wherein the first magnetic-field generating device comprises two or more nested ring-shaped magnets, each of said two or more nested ring-shaped magnets having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and all of said two or more nested ring-shaped magnets having a same magnetic field direction and the second magnetic-field generating device comprises a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis perpendicular to the axis of spinning. 9. The apparatus according to claim 7 further comprising a rotating magnetic cylinder or a flatbed printing unit, wherein the at least one spinning magnetic assembly is comprised in the rotating magnetic cylinder or the flatbed printing unit. 10. A process for producing the optical effect layer (OEL) recited in claim 1 on a substrate, said process comprising the steps of:
i) applying on a substrate surface a radiation curable coating composition comprising non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles, said radiation curable coating composition being in a first state;
ii) exposing the radiation curable coating composition to a magnetic field of a printing apparatus wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles are oriented with the magnetic field from at least one spinning magnetic assembly comprised in the apparatus, the spinning magnetic assembly having an axis of spinning, wherein the surface of the substrate provided with the OEL is substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning of the magnet assembly, and comprising at least a) first magnetic-field generating device and b) a second magnetic-field generating device, wherein said first magnetic-field generating device and said second magnetic-field generating device have mutually skew magnetic axes, wherein said first magnetic-field generating device has its magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and said second magnetic-field generating device has its magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and wherein the projection of the magnetic axis of the first magnetic-field generating device and the projection of the magnetic axis of the second magnetic-field generating device along the axis of spinning onto a plane perpendicular to the axis of spinning faint an angle either in a range from about 5° to about 175° or in a range from about −5° to about −175°,
and wherein
a) the first magnetic-field generating device comprises
a bar dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or
two or more bar dipole magnets, each of said two or more bar dipole magnets having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and all of said two or more bar dipole magnets having a same magnetic field direction, or
a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or
a disc-shaped dipole magnet being nested inside a loop-shaped dipole magnet, each of the disc-shaped dipole magnet and the loop-shaped dipole magnets having their North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and having a same magnetic field direction, or
two or more nested loop-shaped dipole magnets, each of said two or more nested loop-shaped dipole magnets, having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and all of said two or more nested ring-shaped magnets having a same magnetic field direction; and wherein
b) the second magnetic-field generating device comprises
a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or
a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or
a bar dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning,
so as to orient at least a part of the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles; and
iii) at least partially curing the radiation curable coating composition of step ii) to a second state so as to fix the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles in their adopted positions and orientations. 11. The process according to claim 10, wherein step iii) is carried out by UV-Vis light radiation curing. 12. The process according to claim 10, wherein step iii) is carried out partially simultaneously with the step ii). 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at at least two distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin (θ)|≥15°. 16. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at four distinct locations x1 along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin (θ)|≥10°. 17. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at four distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin (θ)|≥15°. 18. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the projection of the magnetic axis of the first magnetic-field generating device and the projection of the magnetic axis of the second magnetic-field generating device along the axis of spinning onto a plane perpendicular to the axis of spinning form an angle either in a range from about 15° to about 165° or in a range from about −15° to about −165°. 19. The apparatus according to claim 7, where the loop shaped dipole magnets are ring-shaped. 20. The apparatus according to claim 8, where the loop shaped dipole magnets are ring-shaped. | 2,600 |
338,891 | 16,641,967 | 1,797 | The invention relates to apparatus and methods for apparatus for detecting presence or monitoring profession of a disease in a biological subject, comprising a chamber in which the biological subject passes through, and at least one detection transducer placed partially or completely in the chamber; wherein information related to properties of cells in the biological subject and of cell-surrounding media is detected by the detection transducer and collected for analysis to determine whether the disease is likely to be present with the biological subject or to determine the status of the disease, thereby providing the ability to continuously determine or monitor progression of the disease. | 1. An apparatus for detecting presence or monitoring progression of a disease in a biological subject, comprising a chamber in which the biological subject passes through, and at least one detection transducer placed partially or completely in the chamber; wherein information related to properties of cells in the biological subject and of cell-surrounding media is detected by the detection transducer and collected for analysis to determine whether the disease is likely to be present with the biological subject or to determine the status of the disease, thereby providing the ability to continuously determine or monitor progression of the disease. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the properties of the cells and cell-surrounding media comprise cell signaling, cell surface properties, signal pathway affecting gene replication properties and processes, signal pathway affecting gene mutation properties and processes, signal pathway affecting protein fabrication and properties, signal pathway affecting cell replications and properties, communication pathway and signaling between proteins, cells and genes, cell surface hydrophobicity properties, cell surface hydrophobicity properties, cell surface transduction properties, cell surface signal transmission properties, cell surface geometrical properties, cell surface electrical properties, cell surface ion concentration, types and distribution properties, cell inner media electrical properties, cell inner signal transmission properties, cell inner media electrical charge properties, cell inner media ion concentrations, types, and distribution properties, cellular bulk electrical properties, cellular bulk electrical properties, cell-surrounding media signal transduction properties, cell-surrounding media electrical properties, cell-surrounding media signal transmission properties, cell-surrounding media electrical charge properties, cell-surrounding media transportation properties, cell, protein, DNA, RNA, ion, and micro vesicle transportation properties in cell-surrounding media, cell, protein, DNA, RNA, ion, and micro vesicle properties in cell-surrounding media, cell-surrounding media chemical properties, cell-surrounding media bio-physical properties, cell-surrounding media bio-chemistry properties, cell to cell-surrounding media interaction properties, cell to cell-surrounding media interface properties, cell to cell-surrounding media signaling properties, cell-surrounding media ion concentrations, types, and distribution properties, cell to cell signaling properties, cell to cell communication properties, cell-to-cell interaction properties or quantum mechanical effects; and the detected information is collected for analysis to as to whether the disease is likely to be present with or within the biological subject. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the cell surface properties comprise cell surface tension, cell surface area, cell surface charge, cell surface hydrophobicity, cell surface potential, cell surface protein types and compositions, cell surface bio-chemical components, cell surface signaling properties, cell surface mutations, or cell surface biological components; and the cell to cell interaction properties comprise cell to cell affinity, cell to cell repulsion, mechanical force, electrical force, gravitational force, chemical bonding, bio-chemical interactions, geometrical matching, bio-chemical matching, chemical matching, physical matching, biological matching, or cell to cell signaling properties. 4. (canceled) 5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the cell to cell signaling properties comprise signaling method, signaling strength, cell surrounding media its properties to which signal is transmitted, and signaling frequency. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the cell signaling comprises cell signal type, cell signal strength, cell signal frequency, cell interactions with cell media to which cell signal is transmitted, and cell interactions with other biological entities to which signal is transmitted. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the biological subject is a blood sample, a urine sample, or a sweat sample of a mammal; and the cell surrounding media comprises blood, proteins, red blood cells, while blood cells, T cells, other cells, gene mutations, quantum mechanical effects, DNA, RNA, or other biological entities. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the cell surrounding media properties comprise a thermal, optical, acoustical, biological, chemical, physical-chemical, electro-mechanical, electro-chemical, electro-chemical-mechanical, bio-physical, bio-chemical, bio-mechanical, bio-electrical, bio-physical-chemical, bio-electro-physical, bio-electro-mechanical, bio-electro-chemical, bio-chemical-mechanical, bio-electro-physical-chemical, bio-electro-physical-mechanical, bio-electro-chemical-mechanical, physical, an electric, magnetic, electro-magnetic, or mechanical property. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the thermal property is temperature or vibrational frequency; the optical property is optical absorption, optical transmission, optical reflection, optical-electrical property, brightness, or fluorescent emission; the radiation property is radiation emission, signal triggered by radioactive material, or information probed by radioactive material; the chemical property is pH value, chemical reaction, bio-chemical reaction, bio-electro-chemical reaction, reaction speed, reaction energy, speed of reaction, oxygen concentration, oxygen consumption rate, ionic strength, catalytic behavior, chemical additives to trigger enhanced signal response, bio-chemical additives to trigger enhanced signal response, biological additives to trigger enhanced signal response, chemicals to enhance detection sensitivity, bio-chemicals to enhance detection sensitivity, biological additives to enhance detection sensitivity, or bonding strength; the physical property is density, shape, volume, or surface area; the electrical property is surface charge, surface potential, resting potential, electrical current, electrical field distribution, surface charge distribution, cell electronic properties, cell surface electronic properties, dynamic changes in electronic properties, dynamic changes in cell electronic properties, dynamic changes in cell surface electronic properties, dynamic changes in surface electronic properties, electronic properties of cell membranes, dynamic changes in electronic properties of membrane surface, dynamic changes in electronic properties of cell membranes, electrical dipole, electrical quadruple, oscillation in electrical signal, electrical current, capacitance, three-dimensional electrical or charge cloud distribution, electrical properties at telomere of DNA and chromosome, capacitance, or impedance; the biological property comprises protein, cell, genomics, quantum mechanical effects, cellular properties (which comprise chemical, physical, bio-chemical, bio-physical, and biological aspects of surrounding liquid, gas and solid of the said cell), surface shape, surface area, surface charge, surface biological property, surface chemical property, pH, electrolyte, ionic strength, resistivity, cell concentration, or biological, electrical, physical or chemical property of solution; the acoustic property is frequency, speed of acoustic waves, acoustic frequency and intensity spectrum distribution, acoustic intensity, acoustical absorption, or acoustical resonance; the mechanical property is internal pressure, hardness, flow rate, viscosity, fluid mechanical properties, shear strength, elongation strength, fracture stress, adhesion, mechanical resonance frequency, elasticity, plasticity, or compressibility. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a micro-electro-mechanical device, a semiconductor device, a micro-fluidic device, bio-chemistry machine, an immunology machine, a voltage meter, a sequencing machine, a memory unit, a logic processing unit, an optical device, imaging device, camera, viewing station, acoustic detector, piezo-electrical detector, piezo-photronic detector, piezo-electro photronic detector, electro-optical detector, electro-thermal detector, bio-electrical detector, bio-marker detector, bio-chemical detector, chemical sensor, thermal detector, ion emission detector, photo-detector, x-ray detector, radiation material detector, electrical detector, thermal recorder, or an application specific integrated circuit chip which is internally bonded to or integrated into the chamber. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collected information is in the physical, bio-physical, bio-chemical, biological, or chemical form. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the physical form of the collected information comprises mechanical, electrical, thermal, thermodynamic, optical, and acoustical properties of the cells or cell surrounding media. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the information is collected after a probe signal is applied to the cells or cell-surrounding media and a response signal is received. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the probe signal comprises a physical, bio-physical, bio-chemical, biological, or chemical signal. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the physical signal comprises a mechanical, electrical, thermal, thermodynamic, optical, or acoustical signal. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the disease is a cancer, an inflammatory disease, diabetes, a lung disease, a heart disease, a liver disease, a gastric disease, a biliary disease, a degradation in immune system, or a cardiovascular disease. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the cancer comprises breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, intestine cancer, cancer related to blood, liver cancer, stomach cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, rectum cancer, colon cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, cardiac carcinoma, uterine cancer, oophoroma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, brain tumor, or circulating tumor cells; the inflammatory disease comprises acne vulgaris, asthma, autoimmune diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, celiac disease, chronic prostatitis, diverticulitis, glomerulonephritis, hidradenitis suppurativa, hypersensitivities, inflammatory bowel diseases, interstitial cystitis, otitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, reperfusion injury, rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, transplant rejection, or tasculitis; the lung disease comprises asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, acute bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary embolism, or pulmonary hypertension; the diabetes comprises Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, or gestational diabetes; the heart disease comprises coronary artery disease, enlarged heart (cardiomegaly), heart attack, irregular heart rhythm, atrial fibrillation, heart rhythm disorders, heart valve disease, sudden cardiac death, congenital heart disease, heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy), dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, marfan syndrome, or heart murmurs; the liver disease comprises fascioliasis, hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, fatty liver disease (hepatic steatosis), hereditary diseases, Gilbert's syndrome, cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, or Budd-Chiari syndrome; the gastric disease comprises gastritis, gastric polyp, gastric ulcer, benign tumor of stomach, acute gastric mucosa lesion, antral gastritis, or gastric stromal tumors; the biliary disease comprises calculus of bile duct, cholecystolithiasis, cholecystitis, cholangiectasis, cholangitis, or gallbladder polyps; the cardiovascular disease comprises coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, cerebrovascular disease, renal artery stenosis, aortic aneurysm, cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart disease, heart failure, pulmonary heart disease, cardiac dysrhythmias, endocarditis, inflammatory cardiomegaly, myocarditis, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, cerebrovascular disease, or renal artery stenosis. 18. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a sensor positioned to be partially inside the chamber and capable of detecting a property of the biological subject at the microscopic level. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising a read-out circuitry which is connected to at least one sensor and transfers data from the sensor to a recording device, and the connection between the read-out circuit and the sensor is digital, analog, optical, thermal, piezo-electrical, piezo-photronic, piezo-electrical photronic, opto-electrical, electro-thermal, opto-thermal, electric, electromagnetic, electromechanical, or mechanical. 20. (canceled) 21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the sensor is positioned on the interior surface of the chamber. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein each sensor is independently a thermal sensor, optical sensor, acoustical sensor, biological sensor, chemical sensor, electro-mechanical sensor, electro-chemical sensor, electro-optical sensor, electro-thermal sensor, electro-chemical-mechanical sensor, bio-chemical sensor, bio-mechanical sensor, bio-optical sensor, electro-optical sensor, bio-electro-optical sensor, bio-thermal optical sensor, electro-chemical optical sensor, bio-thermal sensor, bio-physical sensor, bio-electro-mechanical sensor, bio-electro-chemical sensor, bio-electro-optical sensor, bio-electro-thermal sensor, bio-mechanical-optical sensor, bio-mechanical thermal sensor, bio-thermal-optical sensor, bio-electro-chemical-optical sensor, bio-electro-mechanical optical sensor, bio-electro-thermal-optical sensor, bio-electro-chemical-mechanical sensor, physical sensor, mechanical sensor, piezo-electrical sensor, piezo-electro photronic sensor, piezo-photronic sensor, piezo-electro optical sensor, bio-electrical sensor, bio-marker sensor, electrical sensor, magnetic sensor, electromagnetic sensor, image sensor, or radiation sensor. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the thermal sensor comprises a resistive temperature micro-sensor, a micro-thermocouple, a thermo-diode and thermo-transistor, and a surface acoustic wave (SAW) temperature sensor; the image sensor comprises a charge coupled device (CCD) or a CMOS image sensor (CIS); the radiation sensor comprises a photoconductive device, a photovoltaic device, a pyro-electrical device, or a micro-antenna; the mechanical sensor comprises a pressure micro-sensor, micro-accelerometer, flow meter, viscosity measurement tool, micro-gyrometer, or micro flow-sensor; the magnetic sensor comprises a magneto-galvanic micro-sensor, a magneto-resistive sensor, a magneto diode, or magneto-transistor; the biochemical sensor comprises a conductimetric device, a bio-marker, a bio-marker attached to a probe structure, or a potentiometric device. 24. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein at least one sensor is a probing sensor and applies a probing or disturbing signal to the biological subject; and at least another sensor, different from the probing sensor, is a detection sensor and detects a response from the biological subject upon which the probing or disturbing signal is applied. 25. (canceled) 26. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the chamber has a length ranging from 1 micron to 50,000 microns, from 1 micron to 15,000 micron, from 1 micron to 10,000 microns, from 1.5 microns to 5,000 microns, or from 3 microns to 1,000 microns; or has a width or height ranging from 0.1 micron to 100 microns; from 0.1 micron to 25 microns, from 1 micron to 15 microns, or from 1.2 microns to 10 microns. 27. (canceled) 28. The apparatus of claim 19, comprising at least four sensors which are located on one side, two opposite sides, or four sides of the interior surface of the chamber. 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the sensors are arranged in at least two arrays, and at least one array comprises two or more sensors which are apart by a distance ranging from 0.1 micron to 500 microns, from 0.1 micron to 50 microns, form 1 micron to 100 microns, from 2.5 microns to 100 microns, or from 5 microns to 250 microns. 30. (canceled) 31. (canceled) 32. (canceled) 33. (canceled) 34. (canceled) 35. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein one signal contains information related to the disease's location or where the disease is present in the source of the biological subject, or the occurrence or type of the disease; or the signal detected comprises cellular information, protein information, gene information, and any combination thereof. 36. (canceled) 37. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is able to detect the presence of at least two different diseases at the same time or to determine the status or progression of a disease. 38. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the apparatus is capable of detecting at least two different types of cancer simultaneously. 39. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the disease comprises healthy stage, non-cancer disease stage, pre-cancer stage, early stage cancer stage, or mid to late stage cancer stage, with statistically significant detection or monitoring between any of the two stages. 40. (canceled) 41. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is capable of detecting at least one of biological, bio-chemistry, physical and bio-physical properties of liquid media surrounding cells, proteins, and genetic components, and shift in the said properties. 42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the liquid media comprises blood, urine, saliva, or sweat;
the biological properties comprise protein concentrations, protein types, cellular properties, quantum mechanical effects, or genetic sequence; the physical properties comprise thermal properties, mechanical properties, electrical properties, or electro-magnetic properties; and the detected properties correlate with the immune system, disease detection capability or disease killing ability, cell signaling, communications between cells, proteins, genetic components, or effectiveness and efficiency in the cell signaling and communications, or the detected properties correlate with and provide an early detection on immune system degradation, loss of ability to detect cancer, cancer killing ability, pre-cancer stage, or early stage cancer. 43. (canceled) 44. (canceled) 45. (canceled) 46. (canceled) 47. (canceled) 48. (canceled) 49. A method for detecting the presence or progression of a disease in a biological subject, comprising detecting information related to properties of cells in the biological subject and of cell-surrounding media with an apparatus of claim 1, and analyzing the collected information to determine if the likely presence or progression of the status of the disease with the biological subject. 50. (canceled) 51. The method of claim 49, wherein the properties of the cells and cell-surrounding media comprise cell signaling, cell surface properties, or cell-to-cell interaction properties; and the detected information is collected for analysis to as to whether the disease is likely to be present with or within the biological subject. 52. (canceled) 53. (canceled) 54. (canceled) 55. (canceled) 56. (canceled) 57. The method of claim 49, wherein the method is able to detect the presence of at least two different diseases at the same time or to determine the status or progression of a disease, wherein the disease comprises healthy stage, non-cancer disease stage, pre-cancer stage, early stage cancer stage, or mid to late stage cancer stage, with statistically significant detection or monitoring between any of the two stages. 58. (canceled) 59. (canceled) 60. A method for detecting the presence or progression of a disease in a biological subject, comprising measuring a biophysical property at a microscopic level of cells in the biological subject with an apparatus of claim 1, wherein information related to the measured biological property of the cells in the biological subject is detected by the detection transducer and collected for analysis to determine whether the disease is likely to be present with the biological subject or to determine the status of the disease, thereby providing the ability to continuously determine or monitor progression of the disease. 61. The method of claim 60, wherein the determination is by comparing the biophysical information of the detected biological subject with the same biological information of a confirmed disease-free or diseased biological subject. 62. The method of claim 60, wherein the biophysical property is an electric property at the microscopic level. 63. (canceled) 64. The method of claim 62, wherein the electronic property is electrical current, electric conductance, electrical resistance, capacitance, or quantum mechanical effect. 65. The method of claim 60, wherein the method is able to detect the presence of at least two different diseases at the same time or to determine the status or progression of a disease, wherein the disease comprises healthy stage, non-cancer disease stage, pre-cancer stage, early stage cancer stage, or mid to late stage cancer stage, with statistically significant detection or monitoring between any of the two stages. 66-126. (canceled) | The invention relates to apparatus and methods for apparatus for detecting presence or monitoring profession of a disease in a biological subject, comprising a chamber in which the biological subject passes through, and at least one detection transducer placed partially or completely in the chamber; wherein information related to properties of cells in the biological subject and of cell-surrounding media is detected by the detection transducer and collected for analysis to determine whether the disease is likely to be present with the biological subject or to determine the status of the disease, thereby providing the ability to continuously determine or monitor progression of the disease.1. An apparatus for detecting presence or monitoring progression of a disease in a biological subject, comprising a chamber in which the biological subject passes through, and at least one detection transducer placed partially or completely in the chamber; wherein information related to properties of cells in the biological subject and of cell-surrounding media is detected by the detection transducer and collected for analysis to determine whether the disease is likely to be present with the biological subject or to determine the status of the disease, thereby providing the ability to continuously determine or monitor progression of the disease. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the properties of the cells and cell-surrounding media comprise cell signaling, cell surface properties, signal pathway affecting gene replication properties and processes, signal pathway affecting gene mutation properties and processes, signal pathway affecting protein fabrication and properties, signal pathway affecting cell replications and properties, communication pathway and signaling between proteins, cells and genes, cell surface hydrophobicity properties, cell surface hydrophobicity properties, cell surface transduction properties, cell surface signal transmission properties, cell surface geometrical properties, cell surface electrical properties, cell surface ion concentration, types and distribution properties, cell inner media electrical properties, cell inner signal transmission properties, cell inner media electrical charge properties, cell inner media ion concentrations, types, and distribution properties, cellular bulk electrical properties, cellular bulk electrical properties, cell-surrounding media signal transduction properties, cell-surrounding media electrical properties, cell-surrounding media signal transmission properties, cell-surrounding media electrical charge properties, cell-surrounding media transportation properties, cell, protein, DNA, RNA, ion, and micro vesicle transportation properties in cell-surrounding media, cell, protein, DNA, RNA, ion, and micro vesicle properties in cell-surrounding media, cell-surrounding media chemical properties, cell-surrounding media bio-physical properties, cell-surrounding media bio-chemistry properties, cell to cell-surrounding media interaction properties, cell to cell-surrounding media interface properties, cell to cell-surrounding media signaling properties, cell-surrounding media ion concentrations, types, and distribution properties, cell to cell signaling properties, cell to cell communication properties, cell-to-cell interaction properties or quantum mechanical effects; and the detected information is collected for analysis to as to whether the disease is likely to be present with or within the biological subject. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the cell surface properties comprise cell surface tension, cell surface area, cell surface charge, cell surface hydrophobicity, cell surface potential, cell surface protein types and compositions, cell surface bio-chemical components, cell surface signaling properties, cell surface mutations, or cell surface biological components; and the cell to cell interaction properties comprise cell to cell affinity, cell to cell repulsion, mechanical force, electrical force, gravitational force, chemical bonding, bio-chemical interactions, geometrical matching, bio-chemical matching, chemical matching, physical matching, biological matching, or cell to cell signaling properties. 4. (canceled) 5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the cell to cell signaling properties comprise signaling method, signaling strength, cell surrounding media its properties to which signal is transmitted, and signaling frequency. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the cell signaling comprises cell signal type, cell signal strength, cell signal frequency, cell interactions with cell media to which cell signal is transmitted, and cell interactions with other biological entities to which signal is transmitted. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the biological subject is a blood sample, a urine sample, or a sweat sample of a mammal; and the cell surrounding media comprises blood, proteins, red blood cells, while blood cells, T cells, other cells, gene mutations, quantum mechanical effects, DNA, RNA, or other biological entities. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the cell surrounding media properties comprise a thermal, optical, acoustical, biological, chemical, physical-chemical, electro-mechanical, electro-chemical, electro-chemical-mechanical, bio-physical, bio-chemical, bio-mechanical, bio-electrical, bio-physical-chemical, bio-electro-physical, bio-electro-mechanical, bio-electro-chemical, bio-chemical-mechanical, bio-electro-physical-chemical, bio-electro-physical-mechanical, bio-electro-chemical-mechanical, physical, an electric, magnetic, electro-magnetic, or mechanical property. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the thermal property is temperature or vibrational frequency; the optical property is optical absorption, optical transmission, optical reflection, optical-electrical property, brightness, or fluorescent emission; the radiation property is radiation emission, signal triggered by radioactive material, or information probed by radioactive material; the chemical property is pH value, chemical reaction, bio-chemical reaction, bio-electro-chemical reaction, reaction speed, reaction energy, speed of reaction, oxygen concentration, oxygen consumption rate, ionic strength, catalytic behavior, chemical additives to trigger enhanced signal response, bio-chemical additives to trigger enhanced signal response, biological additives to trigger enhanced signal response, chemicals to enhance detection sensitivity, bio-chemicals to enhance detection sensitivity, biological additives to enhance detection sensitivity, or bonding strength; the physical property is density, shape, volume, or surface area; the electrical property is surface charge, surface potential, resting potential, electrical current, electrical field distribution, surface charge distribution, cell electronic properties, cell surface electronic properties, dynamic changes in electronic properties, dynamic changes in cell electronic properties, dynamic changes in cell surface electronic properties, dynamic changes in surface electronic properties, electronic properties of cell membranes, dynamic changes in electronic properties of membrane surface, dynamic changes in electronic properties of cell membranes, electrical dipole, electrical quadruple, oscillation in electrical signal, electrical current, capacitance, three-dimensional electrical or charge cloud distribution, electrical properties at telomere of DNA and chromosome, capacitance, or impedance; the biological property comprises protein, cell, genomics, quantum mechanical effects, cellular properties (which comprise chemical, physical, bio-chemical, bio-physical, and biological aspects of surrounding liquid, gas and solid of the said cell), surface shape, surface area, surface charge, surface biological property, surface chemical property, pH, electrolyte, ionic strength, resistivity, cell concentration, or biological, electrical, physical or chemical property of solution; the acoustic property is frequency, speed of acoustic waves, acoustic frequency and intensity spectrum distribution, acoustic intensity, acoustical absorption, or acoustical resonance; the mechanical property is internal pressure, hardness, flow rate, viscosity, fluid mechanical properties, shear strength, elongation strength, fracture stress, adhesion, mechanical resonance frequency, elasticity, plasticity, or compressibility. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a micro-electro-mechanical device, a semiconductor device, a micro-fluidic device, bio-chemistry machine, an immunology machine, a voltage meter, a sequencing machine, a memory unit, a logic processing unit, an optical device, imaging device, camera, viewing station, acoustic detector, piezo-electrical detector, piezo-photronic detector, piezo-electro photronic detector, electro-optical detector, electro-thermal detector, bio-electrical detector, bio-marker detector, bio-chemical detector, chemical sensor, thermal detector, ion emission detector, photo-detector, x-ray detector, radiation material detector, electrical detector, thermal recorder, or an application specific integrated circuit chip which is internally bonded to or integrated into the chamber. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the collected information is in the physical, bio-physical, bio-chemical, biological, or chemical form. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the physical form of the collected information comprises mechanical, electrical, thermal, thermodynamic, optical, and acoustical properties of the cells or cell surrounding media. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the information is collected after a probe signal is applied to the cells or cell-surrounding media and a response signal is received. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the probe signal comprises a physical, bio-physical, bio-chemical, biological, or chemical signal. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the physical signal comprises a mechanical, electrical, thermal, thermodynamic, optical, or acoustical signal. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the disease is a cancer, an inflammatory disease, diabetes, a lung disease, a heart disease, a liver disease, a gastric disease, a biliary disease, a degradation in immune system, or a cardiovascular disease. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the cancer comprises breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, intestine cancer, cancer related to blood, liver cancer, stomach cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, rectum cancer, colon cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, cardiac carcinoma, uterine cancer, oophoroma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, brain tumor, or circulating tumor cells; the inflammatory disease comprises acne vulgaris, asthma, autoimmune diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, celiac disease, chronic prostatitis, diverticulitis, glomerulonephritis, hidradenitis suppurativa, hypersensitivities, inflammatory bowel diseases, interstitial cystitis, otitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, reperfusion injury, rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, transplant rejection, or tasculitis; the lung disease comprises asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, acute bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary embolism, or pulmonary hypertension; the diabetes comprises Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, or gestational diabetes; the heart disease comprises coronary artery disease, enlarged heart (cardiomegaly), heart attack, irregular heart rhythm, atrial fibrillation, heart rhythm disorders, heart valve disease, sudden cardiac death, congenital heart disease, heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy), dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, marfan syndrome, or heart murmurs; the liver disease comprises fascioliasis, hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, fatty liver disease (hepatic steatosis), hereditary diseases, Gilbert's syndrome, cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, or Budd-Chiari syndrome; the gastric disease comprises gastritis, gastric polyp, gastric ulcer, benign tumor of stomach, acute gastric mucosa lesion, antral gastritis, or gastric stromal tumors; the biliary disease comprises calculus of bile duct, cholecystolithiasis, cholecystitis, cholangiectasis, cholangitis, or gallbladder polyps; the cardiovascular disease comprises coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, cerebrovascular disease, renal artery stenosis, aortic aneurysm, cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart disease, heart failure, pulmonary heart disease, cardiac dysrhythmias, endocarditis, inflammatory cardiomegaly, myocarditis, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, cerebrovascular disease, or renal artery stenosis. 18. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a sensor positioned to be partially inside the chamber and capable of detecting a property of the biological subject at the microscopic level. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising a read-out circuitry which is connected to at least one sensor and transfers data from the sensor to a recording device, and the connection between the read-out circuit and the sensor is digital, analog, optical, thermal, piezo-electrical, piezo-photronic, piezo-electrical photronic, opto-electrical, electro-thermal, opto-thermal, electric, electromagnetic, electromechanical, or mechanical. 20. (canceled) 21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the sensor is positioned on the interior surface of the chamber. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein each sensor is independently a thermal sensor, optical sensor, acoustical sensor, biological sensor, chemical sensor, electro-mechanical sensor, electro-chemical sensor, electro-optical sensor, electro-thermal sensor, electro-chemical-mechanical sensor, bio-chemical sensor, bio-mechanical sensor, bio-optical sensor, electro-optical sensor, bio-electro-optical sensor, bio-thermal optical sensor, electro-chemical optical sensor, bio-thermal sensor, bio-physical sensor, bio-electro-mechanical sensor, bio-electro-chemical sensor, bio-electro-optical sensor, bio-electro-thermal sensor, bio-mechanical-optical sensor, bio-mechanical thermal sensor, bio-thermal-optical sensor, bio-electro-chemical-optical sensor, bio-electro-mechanical optical sensor, bio-electro-thermal-optical sensor, bio-electro-chemical-mechanical sensor, physical sensor, mechanical sensor, piezo-electrical sensor, piezo-electro photronic sensor, piezo-photronic sensor, piezo-electro optical sensor, bio-electrical sensor, bio-marker sensor, electrical sensor, magnetic sensor, electromagnetic sensor, image sensor, or radiation sensor. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the thermal sensor comprises a resistive temperature micro-sensor, a micro-thermocouple, a thermo-diode and thermo-transistor, and a surface acoustic wave (SAW) temperature sensor; the image sensor comprises a charge coupled device (CCD) or a CMOS image sensor (CIS); the radiation sensor comprises a photoconductive device, a photovoltaic device, a pyro-electrical device, or a micro-antenna; the mechanical sensor comprises a pressure micro-sensor, micro-accelerometer, flow meter, viscosity measurement tool, micro-gyrometer, or micro flow-sensor; the magnetic sensor comprises a magneto-galvanic micro-sensor, a magneto-resistive sensor, a magneto diode, or magneto-transistor; the biochemical sensor comprises a conductimetric device, a bio-marker, a bio-marker attached to a probe structure, or a potentiometric device. 24. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein at least one sensor is a probing sensor and applies a probing or disturbing signal to the biological subject; and at least another sensor, different from the probing sensor, is a detection sensor and detects a response from the biological subject upon which the probing or disturbing signal is applied. 25. (canceled) 26. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the chamber has a length ranging from 1 micron to 50,000 microns, from 1 micron to 15,000 micron, from 1 micron to 10,000 microns, from 1.5 microns to 5,000 microns, or from 3 microns to 1,000 microns; or has a width or height ranging from 0.1 micron to 100 microns; from 0.1 micron to 25 microns, from 1 micron to 15 microns, or from 1.2 microns to 10 microns. 27. (canceled) 28. The apparatus of claim 19, comprising at least four sensors which are located on one side, two opposite sides, or four sides of the interior surface of the chamber. 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the sensors are arranged in at least two arrays, and at least one array comprises two or more sensors which are apart by a distance ranging from 0.1 micron to 500 microns, from 0.1 micron to 50 microns, form 1 micron to 100 microns, from 2.5 microns to 100 microns, or from 5 microns to 250 microns. 30. (canceled) 31. (canceled) 32. (canceled) 33. (canceled) 34. (canceled) 35. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein one signal contains information related to the disease's location or where the disease is present in the source of the biological subject, or the occurrence or type of the disease; or the signal detected comprises cellular information, protein information, gene information, and any combination thereof. 36. (canceled) 37. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is able to detect the presence of at least two different diseases at the same time or to determine the status or progression of a disease. 38. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the apparatus is capable of detecting at least two different types of cancer simultaneously. 39. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the disease comprises healthy stage, non-cancer disease stage, pre-cancer stage, early stage cancer stage, or mid to late stage cancer stage, with statistically significant detection or monitoring between any of the two stages. 40. (canceled) 41. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is capable of detecting at least one of biological, bio-chemistry, physical and bio-physical properties of liquid media surrounding cells, proteins, and genetic components, and shift in the said properties. 42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the liquid media comprises blood, urine, saliva, or sweat;
the biological properties comprise protein concentrations, protein types, cellular properties, quantum mechanical effects, or genetic sequence; the physical properties comprise thermal properties, mechanical properties, electrical properties, or electro-magnetic properties; and the detected properties correlate with the immune system, disease detection capability or disease killing ability, cell signaling, communications between cells, proteins, genetic components, or effectiveness and efficiency in the cell signaling and communications, or the detected properties correlate with and provide an early detection on immune system degradation, loss of ability to detect cancer, cancer killing ability, pre-cancer stage, or early stage cancer. 43. (canceled) 44. (canceled) 45. (canceled) 46. (canceled) 47. (canceled) 48. (canceled) 49. A method for detecting the presence or progression of a disease in a biological subject, comprising detecting information related to properties of cells in the biological subject and of cell-surrounding media with an apparatus of claim 1, and analyzing the collected information to determine if the likely presence or progression of the status of the disease with the biological subject. 50. (canceled) 51. The method of claim 49, wherein the properties of the cells and cell-surrounding media comprise cell signaling, cell surface properties, or cell-to-cell interaction properties; and the detected information is collected for analysis to as to whether the disease is likely to be present with or within the biological subject. 52. (canceled) 53. (canceled) 54. (canceled) 55. (canceled) 56. (canceled) 57. The method of claim 49, wherein the method is able to detect the presence of at least two different diseases at the same time or to determine the status or progression of a disease, wherein the disease comprises healthy stage, non-cancer disease stage, pre-cancer stage, early stage cancer stage, or mid to late stage cancer stage, with statistically significant detection or monitoring between any of the two stages. 58. (canceled) 59. (canceled) 60. A method for detecting the presence or progression of a disease in a biological subject, comprising measuring a biophysical property at a microscopic level of cells in the biological subject with an apparatus of claim 1, wherein information related to the measured biological property of the cells in the biological subject is detected by the detection transducer and collected for analysis to determine whether the disease is likely to be present with the biological subject or to determine the status of the disease, thereby providing the ability to continuously determine or monitor progression of the disease. 61. The method of claim 60, wherein the determination is by comparing the biophysical information of the detected biological subject with the same biological information of a confirmed disease-free or diseased biological subject. 62. The method of claim 60, wherein the biophysical property is an electric property at the microscopic level. 63. (canceled) 64. The method of claim 62, wherein the electronic property is electrical current, electric conductance, electrical resistance, capacitance, or quantum mechanical effect. 65. The method of claim 60, wherein the method is able to detect the presence of at least two different diseases at the same time or to determine the status or progression of a disease, wherein the disease comprises healthy stage, non-cancer disease stage, pre-cancer stage, early stage cancer stage, or mid to late stage cancer stage, with statistically significant detection or monitoring between any of the two stages. 66-126. (canceled) | 1,700 |
338,892 | 16,641,944 | 1,797 | A sensor element includes a piezoelectric body and a plurality of electrodes. The piezoelectric body, when viewed on a plane, includes a base part and at least one arm part extending from the base part. The plurality of electrodes are located on a surface of the arm part. The piezoelectric body, when viewed on the plane, further includes a frame part which surrounds the base part and the at least one arm part and upon which the base part is bridged. | 1. A sensor element comprising,
a piezoelectric body comprising a base part and at least one arm part extending from the base part in a plan view, and a plurality of electrodes on a surface of the arm part, wherein the piezoelectric body further comprises a frame part which surrounds the base part and the at least one arm part and upon which the base part is bridged in the plan view. 2. The sensor element according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of wirings on a surface of the piezoelectric body, wherein
the base part bridges the frame part in an x-axis direction in an orthogonal coordinate system xyz, the at least one arm part includes
a pair of driving arms which extend alongside each other in a y-axis direction at positions separated from each other in the x-axis direction and
a detecting arm which extends in the y-axis direction at a position which corresponds to a center between the pair of driving arms in the x-axis direction, the plurality of electrodes include
a plurality of excitation electrodes in an arrangement enabling application of voltages exciting the pair of driving arms in the x-axis direction and
a plurality of detecting electrodes in an arrangement enabling detection of a signal generated due to vibration in the x-axis direction or z-axis direction of the detecting arm, and
the plurality of wirings connect the plurality of excitation electrodes so that voltages having phases inverse from each other are supplied from the plurality of excitation electrodes to the pair of driving arms so that the pair of driving arms bend to inverse sides from each other in the x-axis direction and thereby vibrate. 3. The sensor element according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of detecting electrodes are located in an arrangement enabling detection of the signal generated due to bending deformation in the z-axis direction of the detecting arm. 4. The sensor element according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of detecting electrodes are located in an arrangement enabling detection of the signal generated due to bending deformation in the x-axis direction of the detecting arm. 5. The sensor element according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of pads which located on a surface of the piezoelectric body and are connected to the plurality of electrodes, wherein
the piezoelectric body comprises a plurality of leg portions which extend from the frame part to outer sides of the frame part in the plan view and on which the plurality of pads are located. 6. The sensor element according to claim 5, wherein at least one of the plurality of leg portions comprises a portion extending along at least a portion of a periphery of the frame part between the frame part and the pad. 7. The sensor element according to claim 5, wherein at least one of the plurality of leg portions comprises a portion extending while being folded back between the frame part and the pad. 8. The sensor element according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of pads which are located on a surface of the piezoelectric body and are connected with the plurality of electrodes, wherein
the piezoelectric body comprises
a projection portion projecting from the frame part to outer side of the frame part in the plan view and
a mounting part which is connected with a front end of the projection portion and on which the plurality of pads are located. 9. The sensor element according to claim 8, wherein:
all of the plurality of pads are located on the mounting part, and number of the projection portions connecting the mounting part and the frame part is one or two. 10. The sensor element according to claim 8, wherein the mounting part is a frame shape surrounding the frame part. 11. The sensor element according to claim 1, wherein:
the frame part comprises a pair of extending portions which face each other in the x-axis direction and upon which the base part is bridged, and each of the pair of extending portions comprises a part narrower in width of the x-axis direction. 12. An angular velocity sensor comprising:
the sensor element according to claim 1, a driving circuit supplying voltage to part of the plurality of electrodes, and a detecting circuit detecting a signal from the other part of the plurality of electrodes. | A sensor element includes a piezoelectric body and a plurality of electrodes. The piezoelectric body, when viewed on a plane, includes a base part and at least one arm part extending from the base part. The plurality of electrodes are located on a surface of the arm part. The piezoelectric body, when viewed on the plane, further includes a frame part which surrounds the base part and the at least one arm part and upon which the base part is bridged.1. A sensor element comprising,
a piezoelectric body comprising a base part and at least one arm part extending from the base part in a plan view, and a plurality of electrodes on a surface of the arm part, wherein the piezoelectric body further comprises a frame part which surrounds the base part and the at least one arm part and upon which the base part is bridged in the plan view. 2. The sensor element according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of wirings on a surface of the piezoelectric body, wherein
the base part bridges the frame part in an x-axis direction in an orthogonal coordinate system xyz, the at least one arm part includes
a pair of driving arms which extend alongside each other in a y-axis direction at positions separated from each other in the x-axis direction and
a detecting arm which extends in the y-axis direction at a position which corresponds to a center between the pair of driving arms in the x-axis direction, the plurality of electrodes include
a plurality of excitation electrodes in an arrangement enabling application of voltages exciting the pair of driving arms in the x-axis direction and
a plurality of detecting electrodes in an arrangement enabling detection of a signal generated due to vibration in the x-axis direction or z-axis direction of the detecting arm, and
the plurality of wirings connect the plurality of excitation electrodes so that voltages having phases inverse from each other are supplied from the plurality of excitation electrodes to the pair of driving arms so that the pair of driving arms bend to inverse sides from each other in the x-axis direction and thereby vibrate. 3. The sensor element according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of detecting electrodes are located in an arrangement enabling detection of the signal generated due to bending deformation in the z-axis direction of the detecting arm. 4. The sensor element according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of detecting electrodes are located in an arrangement enabling detection of the signal generated due to bending deformation in the x-axis direction of the detecting arm. 5. The sensor element according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of pads which located on a surface of the piezoelectric body and are connected to the plurality of electrodes, wherein
the piezoelectric body comprises a plurality of leg portions which extend from the frame part to outer sides of the frame part in the plan view and on which the plurality of pads are located. 6. The sensor element according to claim 5, wherein at least one of the plurality of leg portions comprises a portion extending along at least a portion of a periphery of the frame part between the frame part and the pad. 7. The sensor element according to claim 5, wherein at least one of the plurality of leg portions comprises a portion extending while being folded back between the frame part and the pad. 8. The sensor element according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of pads which are located on a surface of the piezoelectric body and are connected with the plurality of electrodes, wherein
the piezoelectric body comprises
a projection portion projecting from the frame part to outer side of the frame part in the plan view and
a mounting part which is connected with a front end of the projection portion and on which the plurality of pads are located. 9. The sensor element according to claim 8, wherein:
all of the plurality of pads are located on the mounting part, and number of the projection portions connecting the mounting part and the frame part is one or two. 10. The sensor element according to claim 8, wherein the mounting part is a frame shape surrounding the frame part. 11. The sensor element according to claim 1, wherein:
the frame part comprises a pair of extending portions which face each other in the x-axis direction and upon which the base part is bridged, and each of the pair of extending portions comprises a part narrower in width of the x-axis direction. 12. An angular velocity sensor comprising:
the sensor element according to claim 1, a driving circuit supplying voltage to part of the plurality of electrodes, and a detecting circuit detecting a signal from the other part of the plurality of electrodes. | 1,700 |
338,893 | 16,641,952 | 1,728 | A method for preparing a reference electrode and a lithium ion battery with a reference electrode. In some embodiments, a method includes the following steps: welding a reference electrode substrate to a lower portion of a current collector metal sheet with a tab-film; melting metal lithium into a liquid state; immersing a lower portion of the reference electrode substrate welded with the current collector metal sheet into the liquid lithium; coating a lower portion of the tab-film with a layer of separator to obtain a reference electrode with a separator coating; inserting the reference electrode between a separator of a core of a lithium ion battery and an anode piece; and packaging in plastic the lithium ion battery implanted with the reference electrode to obtain the lithium ion battery with the reference electrode. | 1. A method for preparing a reference electrode, comprising the steps of:
(S11) cleaning and drying a reference electrode substrate (7); (S12) welding the reference electrode substrate (7) to a lower portion of a current collector metal sheet (6) with a tab-film (5) adhering to an upper portion thereof; (S13) melting metal lithium into a liquid state in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment, and continuously heating the liquid metal lithium to remove surface impurities; (S14) immersing a lower portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) welded with the current collector metal sheet (6) into the liquid lithium and keeping the reference electrode substrate (7) standing, so that the lower portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) is coated with a metal lithium layer (9); and (S15) taking out the reference electrode (2) welded with the current collector metal sheet (6) from the liquid lithium, cooling the reference electrode (2), and coating a lower portion of the tab-film (5) with a layer of separator by a winding method to obtain a reference electrode (2) with a separator coating. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein before step (S11), the method further comprises (S011) selecting porous foamed copper, foamed nickel, reticulated copper, or reticulated nickel as the reference electrode substrate (7). 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (S11), the reference electrode substrate (7) is cleaned with acetone or deionized water, and then aired for later use. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (S12):
the reference electrode substrate (7) is welded to the lower portion of the current collector metal sheet (6) with the tab-film (5) adhering to the upper portion thereof, so that the upper portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) and the lower portion of the current collector metal sheet (6) overlap each other; and an area of the current collector metal sheet (6) is smaller than that of the reference electrode substrate (7). 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein after step (S12), the method further comprises:
(S012) drying under vacuum the reference electrode (2) welded to the current collector metal sheet (6) at 60-90° C. in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment for 4-7 h and transferring the reference electrode (2) to an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment for storage after drying and cooling, wherein the current collector metal sheet (6) is required for acquiring a current, and the current collector metal sheet (6) is made of nickel or aluminum. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (S13):
the metal lithium is molten into a liquid state in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment; and the liquid metal lithium is continuously heated to 200-500° C. to remove surface impurities. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (S14), a lower portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) with the current collector metal sheet (6) welded on an upper portion thereof is immersed into the liquid lithium and stands for 1-5 min, so that the lower portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) is coated with the metal lithium layer (9). 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (S15):
the reference electrode (2) welded with the current collector metal sheet (6) is taken out from the liquid lithium and cooled; a lower portion of the tab-film (5) is coated with a layer of separator by a winding method; the separator wraps the whole current collector metal sheet (6) and the whole reference electrode substrate (7) to obtain the reference electrode (2) with a separator coating; and the separator is made of porous polypropylene, porous polyethylene, porous polypropylene with a ceramic coating, polyethylene with a ceramic coating, or a non-woven fabric with a ceramic coating. 9. A method for preparing a lithium ion battery with a reference electrode, comprising the steps of:
(S10) preparing a reference electrode (2), comprising:
(S11) cleaning and drying a reference electrode substrate (7);
(S12) welding the reference electrode substrate (7) to a lower portion of a current collector metal sheet (6) with a tab-film (5) adhering to an upper portion thereof;
(S13) melting metal lithium into a liquid state in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment, and continuously heating the liquid metal lithium to remove surface impurities;
(S14) immersing a lower portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) welded with the current collector metal sheet (6) into the liquid lithium and keeping the reference electrode substrate (7) standing, so that the lower portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) is coated with a metal lithium layer (9); and
(S15) taking the reference electrode (2) welded with the current collector metal sheet (6) out from the liquid lithium, cooling the reference electrode (2), and coating a lower portion of the tab-film (5) with a layer of separator by a winding method to obtain the reference electrode (2) with a separator coating;
(S20) inserting the reference electrode (2) between a separator (11) of a core of a lithium ion battery (1) and an anode piece in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment, so that an upper end of the reference electrode (2) is exposed from the core of the lithium ion battery (1); and (S30) packaging in plastic the lithium ion battery (1) implanted with the reference electrode (2) under anhydrous and oxygen-free conditions to obtain the lithium ion battery (1) with the reference electrode (2). 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein before step (S11):
the method further comprises (S011) selecting porous foamed copper, foamed nickel, reticulated copper, or reticulated nickel as the reference electrode substrate (7); and an area of the reference electrode substrate (7) is 1-10% that of an electrode piece of the lithium ion battery (1). 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step (S11), the reference electrode substrate (7) is cleaned with acetone or deionized water, and then aired for later use. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step (S12):
the reference electrode substrate (7) is welded to the lower portion of the current collector metal sheet (6) with the tab-film (5) adhering to the upper portion thereof, so that the upper portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) and the lower portion of the current collector metal sheet (6) overlap each other; and an area of the current collector metal sheet (6) is smaller than that of the reference electrode substrate (7). 13. The method according to claim 9, wherein after step (S12), the method further comprises:
(S012) drying under vacuum the reference electrode (2) welded to the current collector metal sheet (6) at 60-90° C. in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment for 4-7 h and transferring the reference electrode (2) to an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment for storage after drying and cooling, wherein the current collector metal sheet (6) is required for acquiring a current, and the current collector metal sheet (6) is made of nickel or aluminum. 14. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step (S13):
the metal lithium is molten into a liquid state in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment; and the liquid metal lithium is continuously heated to 200-500° C. to remove surface impurities. 15. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step (S14), a lower portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) with the current collector metal sheet (6) welded on an upper portion thereof is immersed into the liquid lithium and stands for 1-5 min, so that the lower portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) is coated with the metal lithium layer (9). 16. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step (S15):
the reference electrode (2) welded with the current collector metal sheet (6) is taken out from the liquid lithium and cooled; a lower portion of the tab-film (5) is coated with a layer of separator by a winding method; the separator wraps the whole current collector metal sheet (6) and the whole reference electrode substrate (7) to obtain the reference electrode (2) with a separator coating; and the separator is made of porous polypropylene, porous polyethylene, porous polypropylene with a ceramic coating, polyethylene with a ceramic coating, or a non-woven fabric with a ceramic coating. 17. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step (S20), the reference electrode (2) is inserted between the separator (11) of the core of the lithium ion battery (1) and the anode piece in the anhydrous and oxygen-free environment, so that the upper end of the reference electrode (2) is exposed from the core of the lithium ion battery (1) by 1-2 mm. 18. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step (S30), the lithium ion battery (1) implanted with the reference electrode (2) is packaged in plastic by an aluminum-plastic film under anhydrous and oxygen-free conditions to obtain the lithium ion battery (1) with the reference electrode (2). 19. A method for preparing a lithium ion battery with a reference electrode, comprising the steps of:
(S100) preparing a reference electrode (2), specifically comprising:
(S110) using porous foamed copper, foamed nickel, reticulated copper, or reticulated nickel as a reference electrode substrate (7), wherein the reference electrode substrate material may have an aperture of 50-500 μm, the reference electrode substrate (7) has a thickness of 0.1-1 mm, and an area of the reference electrode substrate (7) is 1-10% that of an electrode piece of a lithium ion battery (1); cleaning the reference electrode substrate (7) with acetone or deionized water; and then airing the reference electrode substrate for later use;
(S120) welding the reference electrode substrate (7) obtained in step (S110) to a lower portion of a current collector metal sheet (6) with a tab-film (5) adhering to an upper portion thereof, so that an upper portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) and the lower portion of the current collector metal sheet (6) overlap each other, wherein an area of the current collector metal sheet (6) is smaller than that of the reference electrode substrate, drying the reference electrode under vacuum at 60-90° C. for 4-7 h in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment, and after drying and cooling, transferring the reference electrode to an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment for storage, wherein the current collector metal sheet (6) is required for acquiring a current, the current collector metal sheet (6) is made of nickel or aluminum, and the current collector metal sheet (6) has a thickness of 0.1-1 mm and a length of 10-30 mm;
(S130) melting metal lithium into a liquid state in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment, and continuously heating the metal lithium to 200-500° C. to remove surface impurities of the liquid metal lithium; immersing a lower portion of the reference electrode substrate (7), for which the current collector metal sheet (6) is welded to the upper portion thereof in step (S120) into the liquid lithium and keeping the reference electrode substrate (7) standing for 1-5 min, so that the lower portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) is coated with a metal lithium layer (9), wherein the metal lithium layer (9) has a thickness of 10-100 μm; taking out and cooling the reference electrode, and coating a lower portion of the tab-film (5) with a layer of separator by a winding method to wrap the current collector metal sheet (6) and the reference electrode substrate (7) to obtain the reference electrode (2) with a separator coating, wherein the separator is made of porous polypropylene, porous polyethylene, porous polypropylene with a ceramic coating, polyethylene with a ceramic coating, or a non-woven fabric with a ceramic coating;
(S200) inserting the reference electrode (2) prepared in step (S100) between a separator (11) of a core of the lithium ion battery (1) and an anode piece in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment, so that the upper end of the reference electrode (2) is exposed from the core of the lithium ion battery (1) by 1-2 mm; and (S300) packaging in plastic the lithium ion battery (1) implanted with the reference electrode (2) in step (S200) by an aluminum-plastic film under anhydrous and oxygen-free conditions to obtain the lithium ion battery (1) with the reference electrode (2). | A method for preparing a reference electrode and a lithium ion battery with a reference electrode. In some embodiments, a method includes the following steps: welding a reference electrode substrate to a lower portion of a current collector metal sheet with a tab-film; melting metal lithium into a liquid state; immersing a lower portion of the reference electrode substrate welded with the current collector metal sheet into the liquid lithium; coating a lower portion of the tab-film with a layer of separator to obtain a reference electrode with a separator coating; inserting the reference electrode between a separator of a core of a lithium ion battery and an anode piece; and packaging in plastic the lithium ion battery implanted with the reference electrode to obtain the lithium ion battery with the reference electrode.1. A method for preparing a reference electrode, comprising the steps of:
(S11) cleaning and drying a reference electrode substrate (7); (S12) welding the reference electrode substrate (7) to a lower portion of a current collector metal sheet (6) with a tab-film (5) adhering to an upper portion thereof; (S13) melting metal lithium into a liquid state in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment, and continuously heating the liquid metal lithium to remove surface impurities; (S14) immersing a lower portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) welded with the current collector metal sheet (6) into the liquid lithium and keeping the reference electrode substrate (7) standing, so that the lower portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) is coated with a metal lithium layer (9); and (S15) taking out the reference electrode (2) welded with the current collector metal sheet (6) from the liquid lithium, cooling the reference electrode (2), and coating a lower portion of the tab-film (5) with a layer of separator by a winding method to obtain a reference electrode (2) with a separator coating. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein before step (S11), the method further comprises (S011) selecting porous foamed copper, foamed nickel, reticulated copper, or reticulated nickel as the reference electrode substrate (7). 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (S11), the reference electrode substrate (7) is cleaned with acetone or deionized water, and then aired for later use. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (S12):
the reference electrode substrate (7) is welded to the lower portion of the current collector metal sheet (6) with the tab-film (5) adhering to the upper portion thereof, so that the upper portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) and the lower portion of the current collector metal sheet (6) overlap each other; and an area of the current collector metal sheet (6) is smaller than that of the reference electrode substrate (7). 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein after step (S12), the method further comprises:
(S012) drying under vacuum the reference electrode (2) welded to the current collector metal sheet (6) at 60-90° C. in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment for 4-7 h and transferring the reference electrode (2) to an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment for storage after drying and cooling, wherein the current collector metal sheet (6) is required for acquiring a current, and the current collector metal sheet (6) is made of nickel or aluminum. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (S13):
the metal lithium is molten into a liquid state in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment; and the liquid metal lithium is continuously heated to 200-500° C. to remove surface impurities. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (S14), a lower portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) with the current collector metal sheet (6) welded on an upper portion thereof is immersed into the liquid lithium and stands for 1-5 min, so that the lower portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) is coated with the metal lithium layer (9). 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (S15):
the reference electrode (2) welded with the current collector metal sheet (6) is taken out from the liquid lithium and cooled; a lower portion of the tab-film (5) is coated with a layer of separator by a winding method; the separator wraps the whole current collector metal sheet (6) and the whole reference electrode substrate (7) to obtain the reference electrode (2) with a separator coating; and the separator is made of porous polypropylene, porous polyethylene, porous polypropylene with a ceramic coating, polyethylene with a ceramic coating, or a non-woven fabric with a ceramic coating. 9. A method for preparing a lithium ion battery with a reference electrode, comprising the steps of:
(S10) preparing a reference electrode (2), comprising:
(S11) cleaning and drying a reference electrode substrate (7);
(S12) welding the reference electrode substrate (7) to a lower portion of a current collector metal sheet (6) with a tab-film (5) adhering to an upper portion thereof;
(S13) melting metal lithium into a liquid state in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment, and continuously heating the liquid metal lithium to remove surface impurities;
(S14) immersing a lower portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) welded with the current collector metal sheet (6) into the liquid lithium and keeping the reference electrode substrate (7) standing, so that the lower portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) is coated with a metal lithium layer (9); and
(S15) taking the reference electrode (2) welded with the current collector metal sheet (6) out from the liquid lithium, cooling the reference electrode (2), and coating a lower portion of the tab-film (5) with a layer of separator by a winding method to obtain the reference electrode (2) with a separator coating;
(S20) inserting the reference electrode (2) between a separator (11) of a core of a lithium ion battery (1) and an anode piece in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment, so that an upper end of the reference electrode (2) is exposed from the core of the lithium ion battery (1); and (S30) packaging in plastic the lithium ion battery (1) implanted with the reference electrode (2) under anhydrous and oxygen-free conditions to obtain the lithium ion battery (1) with the reference electrode (2). 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein before step (S11):
the method further comprises (S011) selecting porous foamed copper, foamed nickel, reticulated copper, or reticulated nickel as the reference electrode substrate (7); and an area of the reference electrode substrate (7) is 1-10% that of an electrode piece of the lithium ion battery (1). 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step (S11), the reference electrode substrate (7) is cleaned with acetone or deionized water, and then aired for later use. 12. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step (S12):
the reference electrode substrate (7) is welded to the lower portion of the current collector metal sheet (6) with the tab-film (5) adhering to the upper portion thereof, so that the upper portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) and the lower portion of the current collector metal sheet (6) overlap each other; and an area of the current collector metal sheet (6) is smaller than that of the reference electrode substrate (7). 13. The method according to claim 9, wherein after step (S12), the method further comprises:
(S012) drying under vacuum the reference electrode (2) welded to the current collector metal sheet (6) at 60-90° C. in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment for 4-7 h and transferring the reference electrode (2) to an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment for storage after drying and cooling, wherein the current collector metal sheet (6) is required for acquiring a current, and the current collector metal sheet (6) is made of nickel or aluminum. 14. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step (S13):
the metal lithium is molten into a liquid state in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment; and the liquid metal lithium is continuously heated to 200-500° C. to remove surface impurities. 15. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step (S14), a lower portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) with the current collector metal sheet (6) welded on an upper portion thereof is immersed into the liquid lithium and stands for 1-5 min, so that the lower portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) is coated with the metal lithium layer (9). 16. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step (S15):
the reference electrode (2) welded with the current collector metal sheet (6) is taken out from the liquid lithium and cooled; a lower portion of the tab-film (5) is coated with a layer of separator by a winding method; the separator wraps the whole current collector metal sheet (6) and the whole reference electrode substrate (7) to obtain the reference electrode (2) with a separator coating; and the separator is made of porous polypropylene, porous polyethylene, porous polypropylene with a ceramic coating, polyethylene with a ceramic coating, or a non-woven fabric with a ceramic coating. 17. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step (S20), the reference electrode (2) is inserted between the separator (11) of the core of the lithium ion battery (1) and the anode piece in the anhydrous and oxygen-free environment, so that the upper end of the reference electrode (2) is exposed from the core of the lithium ion battery (1) by 1-2 mm. 18. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step (S30), the lithium ion battery (1) implanted with the reference electrode (2) is packaged in plastic by an aluminum-plastic film under anhydrous and oxygen-free conditions to obtain the lithium ion battery (1) with the reference electrode (2). 19. A method for preparing a lithium ion battery with a reference electrode, comprising the steps of:
(S100) preparing a reference electrode (2), specifically comprising:
(S110) using porous foamed copper, foamed nickel, reticulated copper, or reticulated nickel as a reference electrode substrate (7), wherein the reference electrode substrate material may have an aperture of 50-500 μm, the reference electrode substrate (7) has a thickness of 0.1-1 mm, and an area of the reference electrode substrate (7) is 1-10% that of an electrode piece of a lithium ion battery (1); cleaning the reference electrode substrate (7) with acetone or deionized water; and then airing the reference electrode substrate for later use;
(S120) welding the reference electrode substrate (7) obtained in step (S110) to a lower portion of a current collector metal sheet (6) with a tab-film (5) adhering to an upper portion thereof, so that an upper portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) and the lower portion of the current collector metal sheet (6) overlap each other, wherein an area of the current collector metal sheet (6) is smaller than that of the reference electrode substrate, drying the reference electrode under vacuum at 60-90° C. for 4-7 h in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment, and after drying and cooling, transferring the reference electrode to an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment for storage, wherein the current collector metal sheet (6) is required for acquiring a current, the current collector metal sheet (6) is made of nickel or aluminum, and the current collector metal sheet (6) has a thickness of 0.1-1 mm and a length of 10-30 mm;
(S130) melting metal lithium into a liquid state in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment, and continuously heating the metal lithium to 200-500° C. to remove surface impurities of the liquid metal lithium; immersing a lower portion of the reference electrode substrate (7), for which the current collector metal sheet (6) is welded to the upper portion thereof in step (S120) into the liquid lithium and keeping the reference electrode substrate (7) standing for 1-5 min, so that the lower portion of the reference electrode substrate (7) is coated with a metal lithium layer (9), wherein the metal lithium layer (9) has a thickness of 10-100 μm; taking out and cooling the reference electrode, and coating a lower portion of the tab-film (5) with a layer of separator by a winding method to wrap the current collector metal sheet (6) and the reference electrode substrate (7) to obtain the reference electrode (2) with a separator coating, wherein the separator is made of porous polypropylene, porous polyethylene, porous polypropylene with a ceramic coating, polyethylene with a ceramic coating, or a non-woven fabric with a ceramic coating;
(S200) inserting the reference electrode (2) prepared in step (S100) between a separator (11) of a core of the lithium ion battery (1) and an anode piece in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment, so that the upper end of the reference electrode (2) is exposed from the core of the lithium ion battery (1) by 1-2 mm; and (S300) packaging in plastic the lithium ion battery (1) implanted with the reference electrode (2) in step (S200) by an aluminum-plastic film under anhydrous and oxygen-free conditions to obtain the lithium ion battery (1) with the reference electrode (2). | 1,700 |
338,894 | 16,641,953 | 1,728 | A method of fixing a flexible printed circuit (FPC) and a mobile terminal are provided. The mobile terminal includes: a rear cover; a first FPC fixedly connected to the rear cover; a front housing provided with a battery accommodation compartment; in case that a battery is installed in the battery accommodation compartment, there is a gap between the battery and the first FPC. | 1. A mobile terminal, comprising:
a rear cover; a first flexible printed circuit (FPC), fixedly connected to the rear cover; a front housing, provided with a battery accommodation compartment, wherein in case that a battery is installed in the battery accommodation compartment, there is a gap between the battery and the first FPC. 2. The mobile terminal according to claim 1, wherein the rear cover is made of a metal material. 3. The mobile terminal according to claim 2, wherein
the first FPC is provided with a grounded gold surface, and the grounded gold surface and the rear cover are fixedly connected by an electrically conductive and thermally conductive material; or, the first FPC is provided with a grounded gold surface, and the grounded gold surface and the rear cover are welded by means of an ultrasonic metal welding. 4. The mobile terminal according to claim 1, further comprising: a second FPC, wherein
the first FPC is provided with a first connection portion and a second connection portion, the first connection portion is configured to be electrically connected to a charging cable, the second connection portion is electrically connected to a motherboard of the mobile terminal; the second FPC is provided with a third connection portion and a fourth connection portion, the third connection portion is electrically connected to the motherboard, and the fourth connection portion is configured to be electrically connected to the battery. 5. The mobile terminal according to claim 4,
wherein the first connection portion and the charging cable are electrically connected by a metal elastic piece and an elastic-piece-contact goldfinger that fit with each other; wherein one of the metal elastic piece and the elastic-piece-contact goldfinger is arranged on the first connection portion, and the other is arranged on the charging cable. 6. The mobile terminal according to claim 4, wherein the first FPC is provided with an interference avoidance structure configured to avoid interference with the motherboard. 7. The mobile terminal according to claim 6, wherein the interference avoidance structure is arranged at four corners of the first FPC. 8. A method of fixing a flexible printed circuit (FPC), applied to a mobile terminal, comprising:
obtaining the FPC; fixedly connecting the FPC to a rear cover of the mobile terminals wherein a front housing of the mobile terminal is provided with a battery accommodation compartment; in case that a battery is installed in the battery accommodation compartment, there is a gap between the battery and the FPC. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the rear cover is made of a metal material. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the FPC is provided with a grounded gold surface, and the fixedly connecting the FPC to the rear cover of the mobile terminal comprises:
fixedly connecting the grounded gold surface to the rear cover of the mobile terminal with an electrically conductive and thermally conductive material; or, fixedly connecting the grounded gold surface to the rear cover of the mobile terminal by means of an ultrasonic metal welding. | A method of fixing a flexible printed circuit (FPC) and a mobile terminal are provided. The mobile terminal includes: a rear cover; a first FPC fixedly connected to the rear cover; a front housing provided with a battery accommodation compartment; in case that a battery is installed in the battery accommodation compartment, there is a gap between the battery and the first FPC.1. A mobile terminal, comprising:
a rear cover; a first flexible printed circuit (FPC), fixedly connected to the rear cover; a front housing, provided with a battery accommodation compartment, wherein in case that a battery is installed in the battery accommodation compartment, there is a gap between the battery and the first FPC. 2. The mobile terminal according to claim 1, wherein the rear cover is made of a metal material. 3. The mobile terminal according to claim 2, wherein
the first FPC is provided with a grounded gold surface, and the grounded gold surface and the rear cover are fixedly connected by an electrically conductive and thermally conductive material; or, the first FPC is provided with a grounded gold surface, and the grounded gold surface and the rear cover are welded by means of an ultrasonic metal welding. 4. The mobile terminal according to claim 1, further comprising: a second FPC, wherein
the first FPC is provided with a first connection portion and a second connection portion, the first connection portion is configured to be electrically connected to a charging cable, the second connection portion is electrically connected to a motherboard of the mobile terminal; the second FPC is provided with a third connection portion and a fourth connection portion, the third connection portion is electrically connected to the motherboard, and the fourth connection portion is configured to be electrically connected to the battery. 5. The mobile terminal according to claim 4,
wherein the first connection portion and the charging cable are electrically connected by a metal elastic piece and an elastic-piece-contact goldfinger that fit with each other; wherein one of the metal elastic piece and the elastic-piece-contact goldfinger is arranged on the first connection portion, and the other is arranged on the charging cable. 6. The mobile terminal according to claim 4, wherein the first FPC is provided with an interference avoidance structure configured to avoid interference with the motherboard. 7. The mobile terminal according to claim 6, wherein the interference avoidance structure is arranged at four corners of the first FPC. 8. A method of fixing a flexible printed circuit (FPC), applied to a mobile terminal, comprising:
obtaining the FPC; fixedly connecting the FPC to a rear cover of the mobile terminals wherein a front housing of the mobile terminal is provided with a battery accommodation compartment; in case that a battery is installed in the battery accommodation compartment, there is a gap between the battery and the FPC. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the rear cover is made of a metal material. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the FPC is provided with a grounded gold surface, and the fixedly connecting the FPC to the rear cover of the mobile terminal comprises:
fixedly connecting the grounded gold surface to the rear cover of the mobile terminal with an electrically conductive and thermally conductive material; or, fixedly connecting the grounded gold surface to the rear cover of the mobile terminal by means of an ultrasonic metal welding. | 1,700 |
338,895 | 16,641,945 | 1,728 | New polypropylene composition which provides an excellent balance between mechanical properties, optical behaviour and low amounts of extractable substances combined with good retortability. | 1. A polypropylene composition comprising a blend of:
(A) 85.0 to 95.0 wt. % of a heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) comprising:
(A-1) 80.0 to 90.0 wt. % of a matrix (M) that is a propylene homopolymer (H-PP) with an MFR2 (230° C., 2.16 kg, ISO1133) of from 0.8-10.0 g/10 min and
(A-2) 10.0 to 20.0 wt. % of an elastomeric propylene copolymer (EPC) dispersed in said matrix (M),
wherein said heterophasic propylene copolymer has a xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction having a C2 content of from 15.0 to 30.0 wt. % and an intrinsic viscosity (IV; determined according to DIN ISO 1628/1 in decalin at 135° C.) of from 1.2 to 2.6 dl/g; (B) 5.0 to 15.0 wt. % of a propylene-hexene random copolymer with a hexene content in the range of from 2.0 to 10.0 wt % and an MFR2 (230° C., 2.16 kg, ISO1133) in a range of from 1.0 to 20.0 g/10 min; and (C) optionally an alpha nucleating agent. 2. The polypropylene composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has a total hexene content of from 0.1 to 1.5 wt. % and an MFR2 (230° C., 2.16 kg, ISO1133) of from 1.0 to 15.0 g/10 min. 3. The polypropylene composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has a hexane soluble value (C6FDA) of ≤3.0 wt. %. 4. The polypropylene composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has a total hexene content of from 0.1 to 1.5 wt. % and a total ethylene content of from 1.5 to 6.2 wt. %. 5. The polypropylene composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has:
(i) a Flexural Modulus according to ISO 178 in a range of from 1000 to 1800 MPa, (ii) a Charpy notched impact strength NIS+23° C. according to ISO 179 in the range of from 25 to 75 kJ/m2, and iii) a Charpy notched impact strength NIS−20° C. according to ISO 179 1eA in the range of from 1.5 to 5.0 kJ/m2. 6. A polypropylene composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has a haze according to ASTM D 1003-00 measured on a 1 mm thick injection molded specimen of ≤50.0%. 7. A process for the preparation of the polypropylene composition according to claim 1, the process comprising the steps of:
(i) preparing a heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) (A) in the presence of a Ziegler-Natta catalyst; (ii) preparing a propylene-hexene random copolymer (B) by polymerizing propylene and hexene in the presence of a single site catalyst; (iii) mixing said heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) (A) with the propylene-hexene random copolymer (B) to obtain a mixture of (A) and (B); and (iv) extruding said mixture to obtain the blend of (A) and (B). 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. An article comprising the polypropylene composition according to claim 1 or the polypropylene composition prepared by the process according to claim 7. 11. The article according to claim 10, wherein the article is an unoriented film comprising more than 90% of the blend according to claim 1 or the blend prepared by the process according to claim 7, wherein the film is a cast film or a blown film. 12. The article according to claim 11, wherein the film has been subjected to a sterilization treatment. 13. The article according to claim 11, wherein the film a) before sterilization treatment has a haze (b.s.) determined on 50 μm cast film of below 10.0% and b) after sterilization treatment at 121° C. for 30 min has a haze (a.s.) value determined on 50 μm cast film of below 15.0. 14. The article according to claim 13, wherein the film has a Δ (haze) value, defined as Δ (haze)=(haze(a.s.)−haze(b.s.))/haze(b.s.)*100%, of below 10%. 15. The article according to claim 11, wherein the film has a tensile modulus in machine (MD) direction determined according to ISO 527-3 on a 50 μm cast film in the range of from 750 to 1500 MPa. | New polypropylene composition which provides an excellent balance between mechanical properties, optical behaviour and low amounts of extractable substances combined with good retortability.1. A polypropylene composition comprising a blend of:
(A) 85.0 to 95.0 wt. % of a heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) comprising:
(A-1) 80.0 to 90.0 wt. % of a matrix (M) that is a propylene homopolymer (H-PP) with an MFR2 (230° C., 2.16 kg, ISO1133) of from 0.8-10.0 g/10 min and
(A-2) 10.0 to 20.0 wt. % of an elastomeric propylene copolymer (EPC) dispersed in said matrix (M),
wherein said heterophasic propylene copolymer has a xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction having a C2 content of from 15.0 to 30.0 wt. % and an intrinsic viscosity (IV; determined according to DIN ISO 1628/1 in decalin at 135° C.) of from 1.2 to 2.6 dl/g; (B) 5.0 to 15.0 wt. % of a propylene-hexene random copolymer with a hexene content in the range of from 2.0 to 10.0 wt % and an MFR2 (230° C., 2.16 kg, ISO1133) in a range of from 1.0 to 20.0 g/10 min; and (C) optionally an alpha nucleating agent. 2. The polypropylene composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has a total hexene content of from 0.1 to 1.5 wt. % and an MFR2 (230° C., 2.16 kg, ISO1133) of from 1.0 to 15.0 g/10 min. 3. The polypropylene composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has a hexane soluble value (C6FDA) of ≤3.0 wt. %. 4. The polypropylene composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has a total hexene content of from 0.1 to 1.5 wt. % and a total ethylene content of from 1.5 to 6.2 wt. %. 5. The polypropylene composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has:
(i) a Flexural Modulus according to ISO 178 in a range of from 1000 to 1800 MPa, (ii) a Charpy notched impact strength NIS+23° C. according to ISO 179 in the range of from 25 to 75 kJ/m2, and iii) a Charpy notched impact strength NIS−20° C. according to ISO 179 1eA in the range of from 1.5 to 5.0 kJ/m2. 6. A polypropylene composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition has a haze according to ASTM D 1003-00 measured on a 1 mm thick injection molded specimen of ≤50.0%. 7. A process for the preparation of the polypropylene composition according to claim 1, the process comprising the steps of:
(i) preparing a heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) (A) in the presence of a Ziegler-Natta catalyst; (ii) preparing a propylene-hexene random copolymer (B) by polymerizing propylene and hexene in the presence of a single site catalyst; (iii) mixing said heterophasic propylene copolymer (HECO) (A) with the propylene-hexene random copolymer (B) to obtain a mixture of (A) and (B); and (iv) extruding said mixture to obtain the blend of (A) and (B). 8. (canceled) 9. (canceled) 10. An article comprising the polypropylene composition according to claim 1 or the polypropylene composition prepared by the process according to claim 7. 11. The article according to claim 10, wherein the article is an unoriented film comprising more than 90% of the blend according to claim 1 or the blend prepared by the process according to claim 7, wherein the film is a cast film or a blown film. 12. The article according to claim 11, wherein the film has been subjected to a sterilization treatment. 13. The article according to claim 11, wherein the film a) before sterilization treatment has a haze (b.s.) determined on 50 μm cast film of below 10.0% and b) after sterilization treatment at 121° C. for 30 min has a haze (a.s.) value determined on 50 μm cast film of below 15.0. 14. The article according to claim 13, wherein the film has a Δ (haze) value, defined as Δ (haze)=(haze(a.s.)−haze(b.s.))/haze(b.s.)*100%, of below 10%. 15. The article according to claim 11, wherein the film has a tensile modulus in machine (MD) direction determined according to ISO 527-3 on a 50 μm cast film in the range of from 750 to 1500 MPa. | 1,700 |
338,896 | 16,641,939 | 1,728 | The present disclosure relates to the field of display technologies and proposes a curved display panel. The curved display panel includes a first substrate provided with a first groove in a non-display area of the first substrate; a second substrate provided with a second groove in a non-display area of the second substrate, the second groove being disposed corresponding to the first groove; and a fixing spacer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and having a first end located in the first groove and a second end located in the second groove. | 1. A curved display panel, comprising:
a first substrate; a second substrate disposed corresponding to the first substrate; and a black matrix located on the second substrate and comprising a pixel-defining structure and a compensation structure, each of the pixel-defining structure and the compensation structure having a first width along a first direction and a second width along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; wherein the first width is positively correlated to a distance from the compensation structure to a curving center axis of the curved display panel, and an extending direction of the curving center axis is parallel to the second direction. 2. The curved display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first width of the pixel-defining structure and the compensation have a same distance from the curving center axis along the first direction that are the same. 3. The curved display panel according to claim 1, wherein a second width of each of the pixel-defining structure and the compensation structure is substantially the same. 4. The curved display panel according to claim 1, wherein:
a first groove is disposed in a non-display area of the first substrate; a second groove is disposed in a non-display area of the second substrate, wherein the second groove is disposed corresponding to the first groove; and a fixing spacer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the fixing spacer having a first end located in the first groove and a second end located in the second groove. 5. The curved display panel according to claim 1, further comprising: a sealant layer adhered between the fixing spacer and the first substrate, and between the fixing spacer and the second substrate, the sealant layer being a rigid sealant layer. 6. The curved display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first groove is disposed in a planarization layer of the first substrate, and comprises:
two first sub-grooves, each being arranged in a cross shape, a connecting line of central points of the two first sub-grooves and a fixing center axis of the first substrate being arranged in a collinear way, and the center axis of the first substrate being parallel to the second direction; and four second sub-grooves disposed at four corner parts of the planarization layer respectively, the second sub-grooves comprising a second horizontal sub-groove parallel to a horizontal side of the planarization layer and a second longitudinal sub-groove parallel to a longitudinal side of the planarization layer, and one end of the second horizontal sub-groove close to the longitudinal side of the planarization layer being communicated with one end of the second longitudinal sub-groove close to the horizontal side of the planarization layer. 7. The curved display panel according to claim 6, wherein the second groove is disposed in a coating protection layer of the second substrate and extends onto the black matrix, and the second groove comprises:
two third sub-grooves, each being arranged in the cross shape, a connecting line of central points of the two third sub-grooves and a fixing center axis of the second substrate being arranged in the collinear way, and the center axis of the second substrate being parallel to the second direction; and four fourth sub-grooves disposed at four corner parts of the coating protection layer respectively, the fourth sub-groove comprising a fourth horizontal sub-groove parallel to a horizontal side of the coating protection layer and a fourth longitudinal sub-groove parallel to a longitudinal side of the coating protection layer, and one end of the fourth horizontal sub-groove close to the longitudinal side of the coating protection layer being communicated with one end of the fourth longitudinal sub-groove close to the horizontal side of the coating protection layer. 8. A method for manufacturing a curved display panel, the curved display panel comprising a first substrate and a second substrate, the second substrate comprising a black matrix, wherein the method comprises:
obtaining a target value of the black matrix; forming the black matrix according to the target value; forming a first groove in a non-display area of the first substrate; forming a second groove in a non-display area of the second substrate, the second groove being disposed corresponding to the first groove; and forming a fixing spacer having a first end located in the first groove and a second end located in the second groove. 9. The method for manufacturing the curved display panel according to claim 8, further comprising: adhering the fixing spacer to the first substrate and the second substrate by using a sealant. 10. The method for manufacturing the curved display panel according to claim 9, wherein the sealant is a rigid sealant. 11. The method for manufacturing the curved display panel according to claim 8, wherein obtaining the target value of the black matrix comprises:
fixing a test display panel along a center axis parallel to a display surface of the test display panel, and curving and fixing both sides of the test display panel parallel to the center axis; obtaining a pixel shift image of the test display panel after the test display panel is curved; simulating pixel shift information according to the pixel shift image; obtaining a cross-color distribution of the test display panel according to simulated pixel shift information; obtaining a black matrix compensation value according to the cross-color distribution; and obtaining the target value according to the black matrix compensation value. 12. A method for manufacturing a curved display panel, comprising:
providing a first substrate; providing a second substrate, the second substrate being disposed corresponding to the first substrate; and forming a black matrix on the second substrate, the black matrix comprising a pixel-defining structure and a compensation structure, each of the pixel-defining structure and the compensation structure having a first width along a first direction and a second width along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; wherein the first width is positively correlated to a distance from the compensation structure to a curving center axis of the curved display panel, and an extending direction of the curving center axis is parallel to the second direction. 13. The method for manufacturing the curved display panel according to claim 12, wherein the first width of the pixel-definition structure and the compensation structure is obtained by:
fixing a test display panel along a center axis parallel to a display surface of the test display panel, and curving and fixing both sides of the test display panel parallel to the center axis; obtaining a pixel shift image of the test display panel after the test display panel is curved; simulating pixel shift information according to the pixel shift image; obtaining a cross-color distribution of the test display panel according to simulated pixel shift information; and obtaining a black matrix compensation value according to the cross-color distribution, the black matrix compensation value being the first width of the compensation structure. 14. The curved display panel according to claim 1, wherein the curved display panel is implemented in a display device. 15. The curved display panel according to claim 6, wherein the first substrate is an array substrate and the planarization layer is a layer in a non-display area of the array substrate closest to the second substrate. 16. The curved display panel according to claim 7, wherein:
the second substrate is a color filter substrate; the coating protection layer is a layer in a non-display area of the color filter substrate closest to the first substrate; and the black matrix of the second substrate is disposed adjacent to the coating protection layer in the non-display area of the color filter substrate. 17. The display device according to claim 14, wherein the first width of the pixel-defining structure and the compensation structure have a same distance from the curving center axis along the first direction that are the same. 18. The display device according to claim 14, wherein a second width of each of the pixel-defining structure and the compensation structure is substantially the same. 19. The display device according to claim 14, wherein
a first groove is disposed in a non-display area of the first substrate; a second groove is disposed in a non-display area of the second substrate, and the second groove is disposed corresponding to the first groove; and a fixing spacer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the fixing spacer having a first end located in the first groove and a second end located in the second groove. 20. The curved display panel according to claim 14, wherein the curved display panel further comprises: a sealant layer adhered between the fixing spacer and the first substrate, and between the fixing spacer and the second substrate, the sealant layer being a rigid sealant layer. | The present disclosure relates to the field of display technologies and proposes a curved display panel. The curved display panel includes a first substrate provided with a first groove in a non-display area of the first substrate; a second substrate provided with a second groove in a non-display area of the second substrate, the second groove being disposed corresponding to the first groove; and a fixing spacer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and having a first end located in the first groove and a second end located in the second groove.1. A curved display panel, comprising:
a first substrate; a second substrate disposed corresponding to the first substrate; and a black matrix located on the second substrate and comprising a pixel-defining structure and a compensation structure, each of the pixel-defining structure and the compensation structure having a first width along a first direction and a second width along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; wherein the first width is positively correlated to a distance from the compensation structure to a curving center axis of the curved display panel, and an extending direction of the curving center axis is parallel to the second direction. 2. The curved display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first width of the pixel-defining structure and the compensation have a same distance from the curving center axis along the first direction that are the same. 3. The curved display panel according to claim 1, wherein a second width of each of the pixel-defining structure and the compensation structure is substantially the same. 4. The curved display panel according to claim 1, wherein:
a first groove is disposed in a non-display area of the first substrate; a second groove is disposed in a non-display area of the second substrate, wherein the second groove is disposed corresponding to the first groove; and a fixing spacer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the fixing spacer having a first end located in the first groove and a second end located in the second groove. 5. The curved display panel according to claim 1, further comprising: a sealant layer adhered between the fixing spacer and the first substrate, and between the fixing spacer and the second substrate, the sealant layer being a rigid sealant layer. 6. The curved display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first groove is disposed in a planarization layer of the first substrate, and comprises:
two first sub-grooves, each being arranged in a cross shape, a connecting line of central points of the two first sub-grooves and a fixing center axis of the first substrate being arranged in a collinear way, and the center axis of the first substrate being parallel to the second direction; and four second sub-grooves disposed at four corner parts of the planarization layer respectively, the second sub-grooves comprising a second horizontal sub-groove parallel to a horizontal side of the planarization layer and a second longitudinal sub-groove parallel to a longitudinal side of the planarization layer, and one end of the second horizontal sub-groove close to the longitudinal side of the planarization layer being communicated with one end of the second longitudinal sub-groove close to the horizontal side of the planarization layer. 7. The curved display panel according to claim 6, wherein the second groove is disposed in a coating protection layer of the second substrate and extends onto the black matrix, and the second groove comprises:
two third sub-grooves, each being arranged in the cross shape, a connecting line of central points of the two third sub-grooves and a fixing center axis of the second substrate being arranged in the collinear way, and the center axis of the second substrate being parallel to the second direction; and four fourth sub-grooves disposed at four corner parts of the coating protection layer respectively, the fourth sub-groove comprising a fourth horizontal sub-groove parallel to a horizontal side of the coating protection layer and a fourth longitudinal sub-groove parallel to a longitudinal side of the coating protection layer, and one end of the fourth horizontal sub-groove close to the longitudinal side of the coating protection layer being communicated with one end of the fourth longitudinal sub-groove close to the horizontal side of the coating protection layer. 8. A method for manufacturing a curved display panel, the curved display panel comprising a first substrate and a second substrate, the second substrate comprising a black matrix, wherein the method comprises:
obtaining a target value of the black matrix; forming the black matrix according to the target value; forming a first groove in a non-display area of the first substrate; forming a second groove in a non-display area of the second substrate, the second groove being disposed corresponding to the first groove; and forming a fixing spacer having a first end located in the first groove and a second end located in the second groove. 9. The method for manufacturing the curved display panel according to claim 8, further comprising: adhering the fixing spacer to the first substrate and the second substrate by using a sealant. 10. The method for manufacturing the curved display panel according to claim 9, wherein the sealant is a rigid sealant. 11. The method for manufacturing the curved display panel according to claim 8, wherein obtaining the target value of the black matrix comprises:
fixing a test display panel along a center axis parallel to a display surface of the test display panel, and curving and fixing both sides of the test display panel parallel to the center axis; obtaining a pixel shift image of the test display panel after the test display panel is curved; simulating pixel shift information according to the pixel shift image; obtaining a cross-color distribution of the test display panel according to simulated pixel shift information; obtaining a black matrix compensation value according to the cross-color distribution; and obtaining the target value according to the black matrix compensation value. 12. A method for manufacturing a curved display panel, comprising:
providing a first substrate; providing a second substrate, the second substrate being disposed corresponding to the first substrate; and forming a black matrix on the second substrate, the black matrix comprising a pixel-defining structure and a compensation structure, each of the pixel-defining structure and the compensation structure having a first width along a first direction and a second width along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; wherein the first width is positively correlated to a distance from the compensation structure to a curving center axis of the curved display panel, and an extending direction of the curving center axis is parallel to the second direction. 13. The method for manufacturing the curved display panel according to claim 12, wherein the first width of the pixel-definition structure and the compensation structure is obtained by:
fixing a test display panel along a center axis parallel to a display surface of the test display panel, and curving and fixing both sides of the test display panel parallel to the center axis; obtaining a pixel shift image of the test display panel after the test display panel is curved; simulating pixel shift information according to the pixel shift image; obtaining a cross-color distribution of the test display panel according to simulated pixel shift information; and obtaining a black matrix compensation value according to the cross-color distribution, the black matrix compensation value being the first width of the compensation structure. 14. The curved display panel according to claim 1, wherein the curved display panel is implemented in a display device. 15. The curved display panel according to claim 6, wherein the first substrate is an array substrate and the planarization layer is a layer in a non-display area of the array substrate closest to the second substrate. 16. The curved display panel according to claim 7, wherein:
the second substrate is a color filter substrate; the coating protection layer is a layer in a non-display area of the color filter substrate closest to the first substrate; and the black matrix of the second substrate is disposed adjacent to the coating protection layer in the non-display area of the color filter substrate. 17. The display device according to claim 14, wherein the first width of the pixel-defining structure and the compensation structure have a same distance from the curving center axis along the first direction that are the same. 18. The display device according to claim 14, wherein a second width of each of the pixel-defining structure and the compensation structure is substantially the same. 19. The display device according to claim 14, wherein
a first groove is disposed in a non-display area of the first substrate; a second groove is disposed in a non-display area of the second substrate, and the second groove is disposed corresponding to the first groove; and a fixing spacer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the fixing spacer having a first end located in the first groove and a second end located in the second groove. 20. The curved display panel according to claim 14, wherein the curved display panel further comprises: a sealant layer adhered between the fixing spacer and the first substrate, and between the fixing spacer and the second substrate, the sealant layer being a rigid sealant layer. | 1,700 |
338,897 | 16,641,929 | 1,728 | A brake control device including a pressure adjusting unit including an electric pump and an electromagnetic valve, and that adjusts, using the electromagnetic valve, a brake liquid discharged by the electric pump to an adjusted liquid pressure and introduces the adjusted liquid pressure to the wheel cylinders of the rear wheels; and a master unit that includes a master cylinder and a master piston, and that includes a master chamber connected to the wheel cylinders of the front wheels and a servo chamber to which the adjusted liquid pressure is introduced and which provides, to the master piston, an advancing force that opposes a retreating force applied to the master piston by the master chamber. | 1. A vehicle brake control device that adjusts a front wheel liquid pressure in a front wheel cylinder provided on a front wheel of a vehicle, and a rear wheel liquid pressure in a rear wheel cylinder provided on a rear wheel of the vehicle depending on an operation of a brake operation member of the vehicle, the vehicle brake control device comprising:
a pressure adjusting unit that includes an electric pump and an electromagnetic valve, and that adjusts a brake liquid discharged by the electric pump to an adjusted liquid pressure using the electromagnetic valve, and introduces the adjusted liquid pressure to the rear wheel cylinder; and a master unit that includes a master cylinder and a master piston, and that includes “a master chamber connected to the front wheel cylinder”, and “a servo chamber to which the adjusted liquid pressure is introduced and that applies, to the master piston, an advancing force that opposes a retreating force applied to the master piston by the master chamber”. 2. The vehicle brake control device according to claim 1, further comprising
a regenerative cooperation unit including an input piston that operates in cooperation with the brake operation member, and an input cylinder fixed to the master cylinder, wherein a gap between the master piston and the input piston is controlled by the adjusted liquid pressure. | A brake control device including a pressure adjusting unit including an electric pump and an electromagnetic valve, and that adjusts, using the electromagnetic valve, a brake liquid discharged by the electric pump to an adjusted liquid pressure and introduces the adjusted liquid pressure to the wheel cylinders of the rear wheels; and a master unit that includes a master cylinder and a master piston, and that includes a master chamber connected to the wheel cylinders of the front wheels and a servo chamber to which the adjusted liquid pressure is introduced and which provides, to the master piston, an advancing force that opposes a retreating force applied to the master piston by the master chamber.1. A vehicle brake control device that adjusts a front wheel liquid pressure in a front wheel cylinder provided on a front wheel of a vehicle, and a rear wheel liquid pressure in a rear wheel cylinder provided on a rear wheel of the vehicle depending on an operation of a brake operation member of the vehicle, the vehicle brake control device comprising:
a pressure adjusting unit that includes an electric pump and an electromagnetic valve, and that adjusts a brake liquid discharged by the electric pump to an adjusted liquid pressure using the electromagnetic valve, and introduces the adjusted liquid pressure to the rear wheel cylinder; and a master unit that includes a master cylinder and a master piston, and that includes “a master chamber connected to the front wheel cylinder”, and “a servo chamber to which the adjusted liquid pressure is introduced and that applies, to the master piston, an advancing force that opposes a retreating force applied to the master piston by the master chamber”. 2. The vehicle brake control device according to claim 1, further comprising
a regenerative cooperation unit including an input piston that operates in cooperation with the brake operation member, and an input cylinder fixed to the master cylinder, wherein a gap between the master piston and the input piston is controlled by the adjusted liquid pressure. | 1,700 |
338,898 | 16,641,892 | 1,728 | A nucleic acid medicine for managing a disease or disorder related to unwanted gene expression. A technique for efficiently regulating gene expression in a cell using a relatively short oligonucleotide, by establishing a method for designing a nucleic acid medicine, that includes performing structural analysis based on sequence information of a target RNA sequence as an object for gene expression regulation, calculating the probability of existence of each structure from the results of the structural analysis and the energy of each structure, and calculating the existence probability in unified fashion of an endogenous stem-loop substructure, thereby specifying a more favorable endogenous stem-loop substructure. This technique can theoretically be applied to regulation expression of any gene, and is useful for treatment or prevention of various diseases and disorders. | 1. A method for cleaving a target RNA in a eukaryotic cell, comprising:
i) identifying a sequence in the target RNA sequence where at least one stem-loop structure is formed through hybridization of a complementary 6-mer to 10-mer oligonucleotide (sgASO) to the target RNA; and ii) preparing the sgASO and contacting it with the target RNA in the eukaryotic cell, wherein the stem-loop structure formed through sgASO hybridization is recognized by tRNaseZL within the eukaryotic cell to cleave the target RNA. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the number of base pairs in the stem portion of the stem-loop structure formed through sgASO hybridization is 11 to 14. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sgASO is a 7-mer. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the loop portion in the stem-loop structure formed through sgASO hybridization is formed by the target RNA. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the number of bases in the loop portion of the stem-loop structure formed through sgASO hybridization is 3 to 10. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stem portion of the stem-loop structure formed through sgASO hybridization does not contain a mismatch or bulge. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stem portion of the stem-loop structure formed through sgASO hybridization contains a mismatch or bulge. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in counting the number of base pairs in the stem portion, when the number of base pairs in the mismatch or bulge of the stem is 2 or less, the mismatch or bulge is considered to form a base pair and counted; and when the number of base pairs in the mismatch or bulge of the stem is 3 or more, half of the number of bases in the mismatch or bulge is counted as base pairs. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the target RNA is mRNA or ncRNA. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sgASO comprises a modified nucleoside and/or a modified internucleoside linkage. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the difference in the number of bases between the 5′ side sequence and 3′ side sequence of the stem portion formed by the target RNA is 1 or less. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein one or both of the terminal hydroxyl groups of the sgASO are modified. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein a phosphate group is added to one or both of the terminal hydroxyl groups of the sgASO. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the bases constituting the sgASO-bound region on the target RNA from the 5′ end are N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6 and N7, and the first base adjacent to the 3′ end of the region to which the sgASO binds is N8, at least one of the conditions 1-3 below is met:
condition 1: N8 is A or G;
condition 2: N7 is C; and
condition 3: N6 is A, C or G. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sgASO is an oligonucleotide selected from the group consisting of any one sequence from SEQ ID NO.: 1 to SEQ ID NO.: 16384. 16. A method for treating or preventing a disease or disorder in a patient, comprising administering to the patient an oligonucleotide of about 7 mers, wherein the oligonucleotide is complementary to the target RNA associated with the disease or disorder, the target RNA can form at least one stem-loop structure, the oligonucleotide can hybridize to the 3′ side region of the stem loop structure to form at least one larger stem loop structure in conjunction with the stem loop formed by the target RNA, and wherein the formed structures are recognized by tRNaseZL in the patient's body and the target mRNA is cleaved. 17. A method for treating or preventing cancer in a patient, comprising administering to the patient a sgASO comprising a sequence selected from the group consisting of: 18. A method for designing an oligonucleotide (sgASO) to cleave a target RNA in a eukaryotic cell, comprising:
i) identifying a sequence in the target RNA sequence in which at least one stem-loop structure is formed; ii) identifying a sequence of 6 to 10 bases on the 3′ side adjacent to the stem-loop structure as a sgASO-binding sequence; 19. The method for designing an oligonucleotide (sgASO) according to claim 18, wherein
i) the number of base pairs in the stem portion of the stem-loop structure formed by the target RNA is 4 to 8; ii) the number of bases in the loop portion of the stem-loop structure is 3 to 10; iii) when the stem portion of the stem-loop structure contains a mismatch or bulge, in the counting the number of base pairs in the stem portion, when the number of base pairs in the mismatch or bulge of the stem is 2 or less, the mismatch or bulge is considered to form a base pair and counted; and when the number of base pairs in the mismatch or bulge of the stem is 3 or more, half of the number of bases in the mismatch or bulge is counted as base pairs; and iv) the difference in the number of bases between the 5′-side sequence and 3′-side sequence of the stem portion is 1 or less. 20. A method of designing a small guide antisense oligonucleotide (sgASO), comprising:
(1) identifying a stem loop with a high existence probability on the target RNA; (2) evaluating the stem loop; and (3) setting the seven bases immediately 3′ to the stem loop-forming base pair as the target sequence (sense strand) and identifying its antisense strand to be a sgASO sequence, wherein the identifying a stem loop with a high existence probability on the target RNA comprises: i) predicting a structure, comprising setting a frame n having a width of W bases by an increment of R bases starting from the 5′ end, wherein the number of the resulting frames is nmax, computing a base-pair pattern which is obtained by pattern matching for the constituent base sequence of the W bases in each frame n, applying known thermodynamic stability calculations to the result, and providing a ΔG for each base-pair pattern; ii) analyzing a structure, comprising hypothesizing based on the resulting mmax(n) structures predicted in frame n and respective energy level, that the state inside the cell within which the RNA is placed is in equilibrium, calculating the existence probability of each resulting predicted structure according to Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, wherein the existence probability of each predicted structure result is j(n, m) for the mth predicted result from the most stable structure among the resulting predicted structures in frame n; iii) calculating a local existence probability, comprising setting p as a property profile of a loop and stem (characteristics of the stem loop defined by the position of base in the stem-constituting base pair) formed beginning from the absolute position x on the sequence rather than in the frame, and defining the stem-loop as motif(x, p), and defining an existence probability in frame n of the motif(x, p) as partial existence probability P_local(x, p, n), and calculating the value as sum Σj(n, m) of the j values for the prediction results of structures in which the stem loop exists among all the resulting predicted structures obtained in the frame n, wherein the local existence probability P_local(x, p, n) of motif(x, p) in the frame n is represented below: | A nucleic acid medicine for managing a disease or disorder related to unwanted gene expression. A technique for efficiently regulating gene expression in a cell using a relatively short oligonucleotide, by establishing a method for designing a nucleic acid medicine, that includes performing structural analysis based on sequence information of a target RNA sequence as an object for gene expression regulation, calculating the probability of existence of each structure from the results of the structural analysis and the energy of each structure, and calculating the existence probability in unified fashion of an endogenous stem-loop substructure, thereby specifying a more favorable endogenous stem-loop substructure. This technique can theoretically be applied to regulation expression of any gene, and is useful for treatment or prevention of various diseases and disorders.1. A method for cleaving a target RNA in a eukaryotic cell, comprising:
i) identifying a sequence in the target RNA sequence where at least one stem-loop structure is formed through hybridization of a complementary 6-mer to 10-mer oligonucleotide (sgASO) to the target RNA; and ii) preparing the sgASO and contacting it with the target RNA in the eukaryotic cell, wherein the stem-loop structure formed through sgASO hybridization is recognized by tRNaseZL within the eukaryotic cell to cleave the target RNA. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the number of base pairs in the stem portion of the stem-loop structure formed through sgASO hybridization is 11 to 14. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sgASO is a 7-mer. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the loop portion in the stem-loop structure formed through sgASO hybridization is formed by the target RNA. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the number of bases in the loop portion of the stem-loop structure formed through sgASO hybridization is 3 to 10. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stem portion of the stem-loop structure formed through sgASO hybridization does not contain a mismatch or bulge. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stem portion of the stem-loop structure formed through sgASO hybridization contains a mismatch or bulge. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in counting the number of base pairs in the stem portion, when the number of base pairs in the mismatch or bulge of the stem is 2 or less, the mismatch or bulge is considered to form a base pair and counted; and when the number of base pairs in the mismatch or bulge of the stem is 3 or more, half of the number of bases in the mismatch or bulge is counted as base pairs. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the target RNA is mRNA or ncRNA. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sgASO comprises a modified nucleoside and/or a modified internucleoside linkage. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the difference in the number of bases between the 5′ side sequence and 3′ side sequence of the stem portion formed by the target RNA is 1 or less. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein one or both of the terminal hydroxyl groups of the sgASO are modified. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein a phosphate group is added to one or both of the terminal hydroxyl groups of the sgASO. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the bases constituting the sgASO-bound region on the target RNA from the 5′ end are N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6 and N7, and the first base adjacent to the 3′ end of the region to which the sgASO binds is N8, at least one of the conditions 1-3 below is met:
condition 1: N8 is A or G;
condition 2: N7 is C; and
condition 3: N6 is A, C or G. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sgASO is an oligonucleotide selected from the group consisting of any one sequence from SEQ ID NO.: 1 to SEQ ID NO.: 16384. 16. A method for treating or preventing a disease or disorder in a patient, comprising administering to the patient an oligonucleotide of about 7 mers, wherein the oligonucleotide is complementary to the target RNA associated with the disease or disorder, the target RNA can form at least one stem-loop structure, the oligonucleotide can hybridize to the 3′ side region of the stem loop structure to form at least one larger stem loop structure in conjunction with the stem loop formed by the target RNA, and wherein the formed structures are recognized by tRNaseZL in the patient's body and the target mRNA is cleaved. 17. A method for treating or preventing cancer in a patient, comprising administering to the patient a sgASO comprising a sequence selected from the group consisting of: 18. A method for designing an oligonucleotide (sgASO) to cleave a target RNA in a eukaryotic cell, comprising:
i) identifying a sequence in the target RNA sequence in which at least one stem-loop structure is formed; ii) identifying a sequence of 6 to 10 bases on the 3′ side adjacent to the stem-loop structure as a sgASO-binding sequence; 19. The method for designing an oligonucleotide (sgASO) according to claim 18, wherein
i) the number of base pairs in the stem portion of the stem-loop structure formed by the target RNA is 4 to 8; ii) the number of bases in the loop portion of the stem-loop structure is 3 to 10; iii) when the stem portion of the stem-loop structure contains a mismatch or bulge, in the counting the number of base pairs in the stem portion, when the number of base pairs in the mismatch or bulge of the stem is 2 or less, the mismatch or bulge is considered to form a base pair and counted; and when the number of base pairs in the mismatch or bulge of the stem is 3 or more, half of the number of bases in the mismatch or bulge is counted as base pairs; and iv) the difference in the number of bases between the 5′-side sequence and 3′-side sequence of the stem portion is 1 or less. 20. A method of designing a small guide antisense oligonucleotide (sgASO), comprising:
(1) identifying a stem loop with a high existence probability on the target RNA; (2) evaluating the stem loop; and (3) setting the seven bases immediately 3′ to the stem loop-forming base pair as the target sequence (sense strand) and identifying its antisense strand to be a sgASO sequence, wherein the identifying a stem loop with a high existence probability on the target RNA comprises: i) predicting a structure, comprising setting a frame n having a width of W bases by an increment of R bases starting from the 5′ end, wherein the number of the resulting frames is nmax, computing a base-pair pattern which is obtained by pattern matching for the constituent base sequence of the W bases in each frame n, applying known thermodynamic stability calculations to the result, and providing a ΔG for each base-pair pattern; ii) analyzing a structure, comprising hypothesizing based on the resulting mmax(n) structures predicted in frame n and respective energy level, that the state inside the cell within which the RNA is placed is in equilibrium, calculating the existence probability of each resulting predicted structure according to Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, wherein the existence probability of each predicted structure result is j(n, m) for the mth predicted result from the most stable structure among the resulting predicted structures in frame n; iii) calculating a local existence probability, comprising setting p as a property profile of a loop and stem (characteristics of the stem loop defined by the position of base in the stem-constituting base pair) formed beginning from the absolute position x on the sequence rather than in the frame, and defining the stem-loop as motif(x, p), and defining an existence probability in frame n of the motif(x, p) as partial existence probability P_local(x, p, n), and calculating the value as sum Σj(n, m) of the j values for the prediction results of structures in which the stem loop exists among all the resulting predicted structures obtained in the frame n, wherein the local existence probability P_local(x, p, n) of motif(x, p) in the frame n is represented below: | 1,700 |
338,899 | 16,641,954 | 1,728 | A strain of Bifidobacterium longum APC 1472 is described. The strain has weight lowering effects in-vivo, achieved through inducing satiety via decreased internalisation of the Ghrelin receptor, and therefore, decreased constitutive activity. Moreover, the strain also showed a trend towards decreased ghrelin receptor hypothalamic expression in HFD-fed mice when compared with vehicle control group. The strain also improves glucose tolerance and decreased insulin plasma levels in mice, indicating the strain in the prevention and/or treatment of Type II diabetes, especially in obese individuals. | 1. An isolated Bifidobacterium longum APC1472 strain as deposited with the National Collection of Industrial and Marine Bacteria under the Accession No. NCIMB 42795 on 1 Aug. 2017. 2. A cell extract or supernatant of Bfidobacterium longum APC1472 strain. 3. A composition comprising the isolated Bifidobacterium longum APC1472 strain of claim 1. 4. A composition according to claim 3, selected from a food or beverage product or a nutritional supplement. 5. A composition according to claim 3, comprising a probiotic material or a prebiotic material. 6. A composition according to claim 3, including an additional probiotic bacterium. 7. A composition according to claim 3, in which the isolated Bifidobacterium longum APC1472 strain is viable or non-viable. 8. (canceled) 9. A composition according to claim 3, comprising at least 106 cfu per gram of composition. 10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an isolated Bifidobacterium longum APC1472 strain of claim 1, and a suitable pharmaceutical excipient. 11. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 10, in a unit dose form suitable for oral administration. 12. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 10, configured for targeted release in the intestine. 13. An isolated Bifidobacterium longum APC1472 strain of claim 1 in a dried or lyophilised form. 14-15. (canceled) 16. A method of treating or preventing obesity, inducing satiety, or reducing weight gain in a subject, comprising a step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition according to claim 3 to the subject. 17. A method of treating or preventing pre-diabetes Type 2 diabetes in a subject comprising a step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition according to claim 3 to the subject. 18. A method selected from;
reducing the level of visceral or subcutaneous fat in a subject; improving glucose intolerance in a subject; reducing stress, anxiety or depression in a subject; reducing gut inflammation associated with inflammatory disorders of the gut in a subject; treating or preventing a sleep disorder including primary insomnia in a subject; improving gut health in a subject; reducing total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, or low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, or increasing total high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, in a subject, 19. A method of producing a supernatant from an isolated Bifidobacterium longum APC1472 strain comprising a step of culturing the isolated strain and separating the supernatant from the strain. 20. A method of producing an extract from an isolated Bifidobacterium longum APC1472 strain comprising a step of lysing the cell and separating the cell extract from lysed cell material. | A strain of Bifidobacterium longum APC 1472 is described. The strain has weight lowering effects in-vivo, achieved through inducing satiety via decreased internalisation of the Ghrelin receptor, and therefore, decreased constitutive activity. Moreover, the strain also showed a trend towards decreased ghrelin receptor hypothalamic expression in HFD-fed mice when compared with vehicle control group. The strain also improves glucose tolerance and decreased insulin plasma levels in mice, indicating the strain in the prevention and/or treatment of Type II diabetes, especially in obese individuals.1. An isolated Bifidobacterium longum APC1472 strain as deposited with the National Collection of Industrial and Marine Bacteria under the Accession No. NCIMB 42795 on 1 Aug. 2017. 2. A cell extract or supernatant of Bfidobacterium longum APC1472 strain. 3. A composition comprising the isolated Bifidobacterium longum APC1472 strain of claim 1. 4. A composition according to claim 3, selected from a food or beverage product or a nutritional supplement. 5. A composition according to claim 3, comprising a probiotic material or a prebiotic material. 6. A composition according to claim 3, including an additional probiotic bacterium. 7. A composition according to claim 3, in which the isolated Bifidobacterium longum APC1472 strain is viable or non-viable. 8. (canceled) 9. A composition according to claim 3, comprising at least 106 cfu per gram of composition. 10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an isolated Bifidobacterium longum APC1472 strain of claim 1, and a suitable pharmaceutical excipient. 11. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 10, in a unit dose form suitable for oral administration. 12. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 10, configured for targeted release in the intestine. 13. An isolated Bifidobacterium longum APC1472 strain of claim 1 in a dried or lyophilised form. 14-15. (canceled) 16. A method of treating or preventing obesity, inducing satiety, or reducing weight gain in a subject, comprising a step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition according to claim 3 to the subject. 17. A method of treating or preventing pre-diabetes Type 2 diabetes in a subject comprising a step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition according to claim 3 to the subject. 18. A method selected from;
reducing the level of visceral or subcutaneous fat in a subject; improving glucose intolerance in a subject; reducing stress, anxiety or depression in a subject; reducing gut inflammation associated with inflammatory disorders of the gut in a subject; treating or preventing a sleep disorder including primary insomnia in a subject; improving gut health in a subject; reducing total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, or low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, or increasing total high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, in a subject, 19. A method of producing a supernatant from an isolated Bifidobacterium longum APC1472 strain comprising a step of culturing the isolated strain and separating the supernatant from the strain. 20. A method of producing an extract from an isolated Bifidobacterium longum APC1472 strain comprising a step of lysing the cell and separating the cell extract from lysed cell material. | 1,700 |
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