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338,900 | 16,641,959 | 1,654 | The present invention is directed to a fusion protein comprising a scaffold protein and a series of two or more epitopes, where the distinct epitopes are recognized by distinct antibodies, and where the series of epitopes forms a detectable protein tag. The present invention further relates to a nucleic acid molecule encoding a nucleic acid sequence encoding the fusion protein, as well as vectors comprising the nucleic acid molecule. Methods of tracking a cell and kits using such vectors are also disclosed. | 1. A fusion protein comprising:
a scaffold protein and a series of two or more distinct epitopes, wherein the distinct epitopes are recognized by distinct antibodies, and wherein the series of epitopes forms a detectable protein tag. 2. The fusion protein of claim 1, wherein each of the two or more epitopes is selected from HA, FLAG, VSVg, V5, AU1, AU5, Strep I, E, E2, Strep II, HSV, protein C tag, S-tag, OLLAS, HAT, and Tag-100-tag. 3. The fusion protein of claim 1 further comprising:
amino acid spacer sequences separating each of the two or more epitopes from each other. 4. The fusion protein of claim 1, wherein the scaffold protein is a cell surface protein. 5. The fusion protein of claim 4, wherein the cell surface protein is mutant Nerve Growth Factor Receptor (dNGFR). 6. The fusion protein of claim 1, wherein the scaffold protein is an intracellular protein. 7. The fusion protein of claim 6, wherein the scaffold protein is Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) or mCherry. 8. A nucleic acid molecule comprising:
a first nucleic acid sequence encoding a fusion protein comprising:
a scaffold protein and
a series of two or more distinct epitopes, wherein the distinct epitopes are recognized by distinct antibodies, and wherein the series of epitopes forms a detectable protein tag and
a first promoter operably linked to the first nucleic acid sequence. 9. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 8, wherein the two or more epitopes are selected from the group consisting of: HA, FLAG, VSVg, V5, AU1, AU5, Strep I, E, E2, Strep II, HSV, protein C tag, S-tag, OLLAS, HAT, and Tag-100-tag. 10. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 8 further comprising:
nucleic acid spacer sequences separating each of the two or more epitopes from each other. 11. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 8, wherein the scaffold protein is a cell surface protein. 12. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 11, wherein the cell surface protein is mutant Nerve Growth Factor Receptor (dNGFR). 13. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 8, wherein the scaffold protein is an intracellular protein. 14. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 13, wherein the scaffold protein is Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) or mCherry. 15.-19. (canceled) 20. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 8 further comprising:
a second nucleic acid sequence encoding an effector molecule and
a second promoter operatively linked to the second nucleic acid sequence. 21. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 20, wherein the effector molecule is a non-coding regulatory nucleic acid sequence or a protein-coding nucleic acid sequence. 22.-27. (canceled) 28. A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 8. 29. (canceled) 30. A method of tracking a cell, said method comprising:
providing a plurality of vectors according to claim 28; providing a population of cells; contacting the population of cells with the plurality of vectors under conditions effective for transduction; contacting the transduced cells with labeling molecules capable of binding the two or more epitopes of each fusion protein of each of the plurality of vectors; and detecting the labeling molecules to track the transduced cells. 31.-39. (canceled) 40. A kit comprising:
a library of vectors comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 8, wherein each vector comprises a different series of two or more distinct epitopes. 41. A kit comprising:
a library of vectors comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 20, wherein each vector comprises a different series of two or more distinct epitopes. 42.-43. (canceled) | The present invention is directed to a fusion protein comprising a scaffold protein and a series of two or more epitopes, where the distinct epitopes are recognized by distinct antibodies, and where the series of epitopes forms a detectable protein tag. The present invention further relates to a nucleic acid molecule encoding a nucleic acid sequence encoding the fusion protein, as well as vectors comprising the nucleic acid molecule. Methods of tracking a cell and kits using such vectors are also disclosed.1. A fusion protein comprising:
a scaffold protein and a series of two or more distinct epitopes, wherein the distinct epitopes are recognized by distinct antibodies, and wherein the series of epitopes forms a detectable protein tag. 2. The fusion protein of claim 1, wherein each of the two or more epitopes is selected from HA, FLAG, VSVg, V5, AU1, AU5, Strep I, E, E2, Strep II, HSV, protein C tag, S-tag, OLLAS, HAT, and Tag-100-tag. 3. The fusion protein of claim 1 further comprising:
amino acid spacer sequences separating each of the two or more epitopes from each other. 4. The fusion protein of claim 1, wherein the scaffold protein is a cell surface protein. 5. The fusion protein of claim 4, wherein the cell surface protein is mutant Nerve Growth Factor Receptor (dNGFR). 6. The fusion protein of claim 1, wherein the scaffold protein is an intracellular protein. 7. The fusion protein of claim 6, wherein the scaffold protein is Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) or mCherry. 8. A nucleic acid molecule comprising:
a first nucleic acid sequence encoding a fusion protein comprising:
a scaffold protein and
a series of two or more distinct epitopes, wherein the distinct epitopes are recognized by distinct antibodies, and wherein the series of epitopes forms a detectable protein tag and
a first promoter operably linked to the first nucleic acid sequence. 9. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 8, wherein the two or more epitopes are selected from the group consisting of: HA, FLAG, VSVg, V5, AU1, AU5, Strep I, E, E2, Strep II, HSV, protein C tag, S-tag, OLLAS, HAT, and Tag-100-tag. 10. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 8 further comprising:
nucleic acid spacer sequences separating each of the two or more epitopes from each other. 11. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 8, wherein the scaffold protein is a cell surface protein. 12. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 11, wherein the cell surface protein is mutant Nerve Growth Factor Receptor (dNGFR). 13. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 8, wherein the scaffold protein is an intracellular protein. 14. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 13, wherein the scaffold protein is Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) or mCherry. 15.-19. (canceled) 20. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 8 further comprising:
a second nucleic acid sequence encoding an effector molecule and
a second promoter operatively linked to the second nucleic acid sequence. 21. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 20, wherein the effector molecule is a non-coding regulatory nucleic acid sequence or a protein-coding nucleic acid sequence. 22.-27. (canceled) 28. A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 8. 29. (canceled) 30. A method of tracking a cell, said method comprising:
providing a plurality of vectors according to claim 28; providing a population of cells; contacting the population of cells with the plurality of vectors under conditions effective for transduction; contacting the transduced cells with labeling molecules capable of binding the two or more epitopes of each fusion protein of each of the plurality of vectors; and detecting the labeling molecules to track the transduced cells. 31.-39. (canceled) 40. A kit comprising:
a library of vectors comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 8, wherein each vector comprises a different series of two or more distinct epitopes. 41. A kit comprising:
a library of vectors comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 20, wherein each vector comprises a different series of two or more distinct epitopes. 42.-43. (canceled) | 1,600 |
338,901 | 16,641,940 | 1,654 | An example non-transitory machine-readable medium may store instructions, which may be executable by a processing resource. The instructions may be executable by a processing resource to cause a computing device to store a configuration profile update in a data structure associated with an interface communicatively coupled to the processing resource, determine, during runtime of the computing device, that a peripheral device is connected to the computing device, and update a configuration profile of the peripheral device using the configuration profile update stored in the data structure. | 1. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing instructions executable by a processing resource to cause a computing device to:
store a configuration profile update in a data structure associated with an interface communicatively coupled to the processing resource; determine, during runtime of the computing device, that a peripheral device is connected to the computing device; update a configuration profile of the peripheral device using the configuration profile update stored in the data structure. 2. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable to update the configuration profile of the peripheral device during runtime of the computing device. 3. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable to determine that the peripheral device was connected to the computing device during runtime of the computing device. 4. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable to display a message via a graphical user interface indicating that the configuration profile of the peripheral device is being updated. 5. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable to display a message via a graphical user interface indicating that the configuration profile of the peripheral device is not to be disconnected from the computing device. 6. An apparatus, comprising:
a processing resource coupled to a memory resource, the processing resource to cause a computing device to: determine that a peripheral device has been connected to the computing device; evaluate a first interface and a second interface to determine that a configuration profile update for the peripheral device is stored in a data structure coupled to the first interface and the second interface; and update the peripheral device using the configuration profile update stored in the first interface during runtime of the computing device. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first interface is an advanced configuration and power interface, and wherein the second interface is an extensible firmware interface. 8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the peripheral device is connected to the computing device during runtime of the computing device; but is not connected to the computing device prior to runtime of the computing device. 9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the processing resource is to cause the computing device to store an indication that the configuration profile of the peripheral device has been updated in the data structure. 10. The apparatus of claim 6; wherein the processing resource is to cause the computing device to display, via a graphical user interface, a message indicating that the configuration profile of the peripheral device is being updated while the configuration profile of the peripheral device is being updated. 11. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing instructions executable by a processing resource to cause a computing device to:
determine that a removable peripheral device has been connected to a computing device; determine that a configuration profile update for the removable peripheral device is stored in a data structure associated with an interface of the computing device; and update the configuration profile of the removable peripheral device using the configuration profile update stored in the data structure associated with the interface of the computing device during runtime of the computing device. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the interface is an advanced configuration and power interface. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable to determine that the removable peripheral device has been the computing device during runtime of the computing device. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable to determine prior to determining that the configuration profile update for the removable peripheral device is stored in the data structure associated with the interface of the computing device, that a capsule firmware update cannot be applied to the removable peripheral device during runtime of the computing device. 15. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable to display, via a graphical user interface, a warning message indicating that the removable peripheral device is not to be disconnected form the computing device when the configuration profile of the removable peripheral device is being updated. | An example non-transitory machine-readable medium may store instructions, which may be executable by a processing resource. The instructions may be executable by a processing resource to cause a computing device to store a configuration profile update in a data structure associated with an interface communicatively coupled to the processing resource, determine, during runtime of the computing device, that a peripheral device is connected to the computing device, and update a configuration profile of the peripheral device using the configuration profile update stored in the data structure.1. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing instructions executable by a processing resource to cause a computing device to:
store a configuration profile update in a data structure associated with an interface communicatively coupled to the processing resource; determine, during runtime of the computing device, that a peripheral device is connected to the computing device; update a configuration profile of the peripheral device using the configuration profile update stored in the data structure. 2. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable to update the configuration profile of the peripheral device during runtime of the computing device. 3. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable to determine that the peripheral device was connected to the computing device during runtime of the computing device. 4. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable to display a message via a graphical user interface indicating that the configuration profile of the peripheral device is being updated. 5. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable to display a message via a graphical user interface indicating that the configuration profile of the peripheral device is not to be disconnected from the computing device. 6. An apparatus, comprising:
a processing resource coupled to a memory resource, the processing resource to cause a computing device to: determine that a peripheral device has been connected to the computing device; evaluate a first interface and a second interface to determine that a configuration profile update for the peripheral device is stored in a data structure coupled to the first interface and the second interface; and update the peripheral device using the configuration profile update stored in the first interface during runtime of the computing device. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first interface is an advanced configuration and power interface, and wherein the second interface is an extensible firmware interface. 8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the peripheral device is connected to the computing device during runtime of the computing device; but is not connected to the computing device prior to runtime of the computing device. 9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the processing resource is to cause the computing device to store an indication that the configuration profile of the peripheral device has been updated in the data structure. 10. The apparatus of claim 6; wherein the processing resource is to cause the computing device to display, via a graphical user interface, a message indicating that the configuration profile of the peripheral device is being updated while the configuration profile of the peripheral device is being updated. 11. A non-transitory machine-readable medium storing instructions executable by a processing resource to cause a computing device to:
determine that a removable peripheral device has been connected to a computing device; determine that a configuration profile update for the removable peripheral device is stored in a data structure associated with an interface of the computing device; and update the configuration profile of the removable peripheral device using the configuration profile update stored in the data structure associated with the interface of the computing device during runtime of the computing device. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the interface is an advanced configuration and power interface. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable to determine that the removable peripheral device has been the computing device during runtime of the computing device. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable to determine prior to determining that the configuration profile update for the removable peripheral device is stored in the data structure associated with the interface of the computing device, that a capsule firmware update cannot be applied to the removable peripheral device during runtime of the computing device. 15. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable to display, via a graphical user interface, a warning message indicating that the removable peripheral device is not to be disconnected form the computing device when the configuration profile of the removable peripheral device is being updated. | 1,600 |
338,902 | 16,641,922 | 1,654 | Systems and methods for providing a low profile stacked die semiconductor package in which a first semiconductor package is stacked with a second semiconductor package and both semiconductor packages are conductively coupled to an active silicon substrate that communicably couples the first semiconductor package to the second semiconductor package. The first semiconductor package may conductively couple to the active silicon substrate using a plurality of interconnects disposed in a first interconnect pattern having a first interconnect pitch. The second semiconductor package may conductively couple to the active silicon substrate using a plurality of interconnects disposed in a second interconnect pattern having a second pitch that is greater than the first pitch. The second semiconductor package may be stacked on the first semiconductor package and conductively coupled to the active silicon substrate using a plurality of conductive members or a plurality of wirebonds. | 1. A package-on-silicon (PoS) semiconductor package, comprising:
an active silicon substrate having:
an upper surface;
a lower surface; and
a plurality of conductive structures disposed across the upper surface;
wherein the plurality of conductive structures includes:
a first portion of conductive structures disposed in a first pattern across the upper surface of the active silicon substrate; and
a second portion of conductive structures disposed in a second pattern across the upper surface of the active silicon substrate;
a first semiconductor package having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a plurality of conductive bumps disposed in the first pattern across the lower surface of the first semiconductor package;
wherein the plurality of conductive bumps communicably couple the first semiconductor package to the first portion of conductive structures disposed on the active silicon substrate; and
a second semiconductor package having an upper surface and a lower surface;
the second semiconductor package disposed such that at least a portion of the first semiconductor package is disposed between the lower surface of the second semiconductor package and the upper surface of the active silicon substrate; and
the second semiconductor package communicably coupled, via a plurality of conductive members, to at least some of the second portion of conductive structures disposed on the active silicon substrate, wherein the active silicon substrate communicably couples the first semiconductor package to the second semiconductor package. 2. The PoS semiconductor package of claim 1:
wherein the first pattern comprises conductive structures disposed on a first pitch of 50 micrometers (μm) or less; and wherein the second pattern comprises conductive structures disposed on a second pitch of 150 μm or more. 3. The PoS semiconductor package of claim 2 wherein one or more adhesives physically couple the lower surface of the second semiconductor package to at least a portion of the upper surface of the first semiconductor package. 4. The PoS semiconductor package of claim 3 wherein the lower surface of the second semiconductor package overhangs at least a portion of an edge of the upper surface of the first semiconductor package. 5. The PoS semiconductor package of claim 4;
wherein the plurality of conductive bumps on the lower surface of the second semiconductor package include a plurality of conductive bumps disposed about the portion of the second semiconductor package that overhangs the upper surface of the first semiconductor package; and wherein the plurality of conductive members comprise a plurality of conductive pillars that communicably couple at least some of the plurality of conductive bumps disposed about the portion of the second semiconductor package that overhangs the upper surface of the first semiconductor package to at least some of the second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate. 6. The PoS semiconductor package of claim 2, further comprising an interposer layer disposed between the upper surface of the first semiconductor package and the lower surface of the second semiconductor package, the interposer layer including:
a plurality of conductive pads disposed across an upper surface of the interposer layer; a plurality of conductive structures disposed across at least a portion of a lower surface of the interposer layer; and a plurality of conductors communicably coupling at least some of the plurality of conductive pads disposed on the upper surface of the interposer layer to at least some of the plurality of conductive structures disposed on the lower surface of the interposer layer. 7. The PoS semiconductor package of claim 6:
wherein each of at least some of the plurality of conductive bumps disposed on the lower surface of the second semiconductor package physically and communicably couple to corresponding ones of the plurality of conductive pads disposed across the upper surface of the interposer layer; and wherein the interposer layer includes an adhesive disposed across at least a portion of the lower surface of the interposer layer to physically couple the second semiconductor package and the interposer layer to the first semiconductor package. 8. The PoS semiconductor package of claim 7 wherein the lower surface of the interposer layer overhangs at least a portion of an edge of the upper surface of the first semiconductor package. 9. The PoS semiconductor package of claim 8;
wherein the plurality of conductive structures on the lower surface of the interposer layer include a plurality of conductive bumps disposed about the portion of the organic interposer layer that overhangs the upper surface of the first semiconductor package; and wherein the plurality of conductive members comprise a plurality of conductive pillars that communicably couple each of at least some of the conductive bumps disposed about the portion of the interposer layer that overhangs the upper surface of the first semiconductor package to corresponding ones of the second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate. 10. The PoS semiconductor package of claim 1:
wherein the plurality of conductive members communicably coupled to the second semiconductor package comprise a plurality of wirebonds communicably coupled to the second semiconductor package; and wherein each of at least some of the plurality of wirebonds communicably couple to corresponding ones of the second portion of conductive structures disposed on the surface of the active silicon substrate. 11. A package-on-silicon (PoS) semiconductor package manufacturing method, comprising:
conductively coupling each of a plurality of conductive structures disposed on a lower surface of a first semiconductor package to corresponding ones of a first portion of conductive structures disposed in a first pattern across an upper surface of an active silicon substrate; conductively coupling each of a plurality of conductive structures disposed on a second semiconductor package to corresponding ones of a second portion of conductive structures disposed in a second pattern across the upper surface of the active silicon substrate;
wherein the second semiconductor package is operably coupled to the active silicon substrate such that at least a portion of the first semiconductor package is disposed between at least a portion of a lower surface of the second semiconductor package and the upper surface of the active silicon substrate; and
communicably coupling the first semiconductor package to the second semiconductor package via the active silicon substrate. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
disposing an underfill material between a lower surface of the first semiconductor package and an upper surface of the active silicon substrate. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein conductively coupling each of a plurality of conductive structures disposed on a second semiconductor package to corresponding ones of a second portion of conductive structures disposed in a second pattern across the upper surface of the active silicon substrate comprises:
conductively coupling a second semiconductor package having a plurality of conductive structures disposed in the second pattern on the lower surface of the second semiconductor package to the second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
adhesively coupling at least a portion of the lower surface of the second semiconductor package to at least a portion of the upper surface of the first semiconductor package. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein adhesively coupling at least a portion of the lower surface of the second semiconductor package to at least a portion of the upper surface of the first semiconductor package comprises:
adhesively coupling at least the portion of the lower surface of the second semiconductor package to at least the portion of the upper surface of the first semiconductor package such that at least a portion of the lower surface of the second semiconductor package overhangs at least a portion of an edge of the upper surface of the first semiconductor package. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein conductively coupling each of a plurality of conductive structures disposed on a second semiconductor package to corresponding ones of a second portion of conductive structures disposed in a second pattern across the upper surface of the active silicon substrate comprises:
conductively coupling each of at least some of a plurality of conductive structures disposed about the portion of the lower surface of the second semiconductor package that overhangs the upper surface of the first semiconductor package to corresponding ones of the second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein conductively coupling each of at least some of a plurality of conductive structures disposed about the portion of the lower surface of the second semiconductor package that overhangs the upper surface of the first semiconductor package to corresponding ones of the second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate comprises:
conductively coupling, via conductive pillars, each of at least some of the plurality of conductive structures disposed about the portion of the lower surface of the second semiconductor package that overhangs the upper surface of the first semiconductor package to corresponding ones of the second portion of conductive structures disposed in the second pattern on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate. 18. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
disposing an interposer layer between an upper surface of the first semiconductor package and the lower surface of the second semiconductor package, the interposer layer including: a plurality of conductive pads disposed across an upper surface of the interposer layer; a plurality of conductive structures disposed across at least a portion of a lower surface of the interposer layer; and a plurality of conductors communicably coupling at least some of the plurality of conductive pads disposed on the upper surface of the interposer layer to at least some of the plurality of conductive structures on the lower surface of the interposer layer. 19. The method of claim 18 wherein conductively coupling a second semiconductor package to a second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate further comprises:
conductively coupling each of at least some of the plurality of conductive structures disposed in the second pattern on a lower surface of the second semiconductor package to corresponding ones of the plurality of conductive pads disposed across the upper surface of the interposer layer; and
conductively coupling each of at least some of the plurality of conductive structures disposed across at least a portion of a lower surface of the interposer layer to corresponding ones of the second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
adhesively coupling the lower surface of the interposer layer to at least a portion of an upper surface of the first semiconductor package to physically couple the interposer layer and the second semiconductor package to the first semiconductor package. 21. The method of claim 20 wherein adhesively coupling the lower surface of the interposer layer to at least a portion of an upper surface of the first semiconductor package further comprises:
adhesively coupling the lower surface of the interposer layer to at least a portion of an upper surface of the first semiconductor package such that at least a portion of the lower surface of the interposer layer overhangs at least a portion of an edge of the upper surface of the first semiconductor package. 22. The method of claim 21 wherein conductively coupling each of at least some of the plurality of conductive structures disposed across at least a portion of a lower surface of the interposer layer to corresponding ones of the second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate comprises:
conductively coupling, via conductive pillars, each of at least some of the plurality of conductive structures disposed about the portion of the lower surface of the interposer layer that overhangs the upper surface of the first semiconductor package to a second portion of conductive structures disposed in the second pattern on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate. 23. The method of claim 11 wherein conductively coupling a second semiconductor package to a second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate comprises:
conductively coupling, via each of at least some of a plurality of wirebonds, a second semiconductor package to a second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate. 24. An electronic device, comprising:
a substrate having conductively coupled thereto a package-on-silicon (PoS) semiconductor package, the PoS semiconductor package including:
an active silicon substrate having a plurality of conductive structures;
wherein the plurality of conductive structures includes:
a first portion of conductive structures disposed in a first pattern across at least a portion of an upper surface of the active silicon substrate; and
a second portion of conductive structures disposed in a second pattern across at least a portion of the upper surface of the active silicon substrate;
a first semiconductor package having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a plurality of conductive bumps disposed in the first pattern across at least a portion of the lower surface of the first semiconductor package;
wherein the plurality of conductive bumps communicably couple the first semiconductor package to the first portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate; and
a second semiconductor package having an upper surface and a lower surface;
the second semiconductor package disposed above the upper surface of the first semiconductor package; and
the second semiconductor package communicably coupled, via a plurality of conductive members, to at least some of the second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate;
wherein the active silicon substrate communicably couples the first semiconductor package to the second semiconductor package. 25. The electronic device of claim 24:
wherein the first pattern comprises conductive structures disposed on a first pitch of 50 micrometers (μm) or less; and wherein the second pattern comprises conductive structures disposed on a second pitch of 150 μm or more. | Systems and methods for providing a low profile stacked die semiconductor package in which a first semiconductor package is stacked with a second semiconductor package and both semiconductor packages are conductively coupled to an active silicon substrate that communicably couples the first semiconductor package to the second semiconductor package. The first semiconductor package may conductively couple to the active silicon substrate using a plurality of interconnects disposed in a first interconnect pattern having a first interconnect pitch. The second semiconductor package may conductively couple to the active silicon substrate using a plurality of interconnects disposed in a second interconnect pattern having a second pitch that is greater than the first pitch. The second semiconductor package may be stacked on the first semiconductor package and conductively coupled to the active silicon substrate using a plurality of conductive members or a plurality of wirebonds.1. A package-on-silicon (PoS) semiconductor package, comprising:
an active silicon substrate having:
an upper surface;
a lower surface; and
a plurality of conductive structures disposed across the upper surface;
wherein the plurality of conductive structures includes:
a first portion of conductive structures disposed in a first pattern across the upper surface of the active silicon substrate; and
a second portion of conductive structures disposed in a second pattern across the upper surface of the active silicon substrate;
a first semiconductor package having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a plurality of conductive bumps disposed in the first pattern across the lower surface of the first semiconductor package;
wherein the plurality of conductive bumps communicably couple the first semiconductor package to the first portion of conductive structures disposed on the active silicon substrate; and
a second semiconductor package having an upper surface and a lower surface;
the second semiconductor package disposed such that at least a portion of the first semiconductor package is disposed between the lower surface of the second semiconductor package and the upper surface of the active silicon substrate; and
the second semiconductor package communicably coupled, via a plurality of conductive members, to at least some of the second portion of conductive structures disposed on the active silicon substrate, wherein the active silicon substrate communicably couples the first semiconductor package to the second semiconductor package. 2. The PoS semiconductor package of claim 1:
wherein the first pattern comprises conductive structures disposed on a first pitch of 50 micrometers (μm) or less; and wherein the second pattern comprises conductive structures disposed on a second pitch of 150 μm or more. 3. The PoS semiconductor package of claim 2 wherein one or more adhesives physically couple the lower surface of the second semiconductor package to at least a portion of the upper surface of the first semiconductor package. 4. The PoS semiconductor package of claim 3 wherein the lower surface of the second semiconductor package overhangs at least a portion of an edge of the upper surface of the first semiconductor package. 5. The PoS semiconductor package of claim 4;
wherein the plurality of conductive bumps on the lower surface of the second semiconductor package include a plurality of conductive bumps disposed about the portion of the second semiconductor package that overhangs the upper surface of the first semiconductor package; and wherein the plurality of conductive members comprise a plurality of conductive pillars that communicably couple at least some of the plurality of conductive bumps disposed about the portion of the second semiconductor package that overhangs the upper surface of the first semiconductor package to at least some of the second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate. 6. The PoS semiconductor package of claim 2, further comprising an interposer layer disposed between the upper surface of the first semiconductor package and the lower surface of the second semiconductor package, the interposer layer including:
a plurality of conductive pads disposed across an upper surface of the interposer layer; a plurality of conductive structures disposed across at least a portion of a lower surface of the interposer layer; and a plurality of conductors communicably coupling at least some of the plurality of conductive pads disposed on the upper surface of the interposer layer to at least some of the plurality of conductive structures disposed on the lower surface of the interposer layer. 7. The PoS semiconductor package of claim 6:
wherein each of at least some of the plurality of conductive bumps disposed on the lower surface of the second semiconductor package physically and communicably couple to corresponding ones of the plurality of conductive pads disposed across the upper surface of the interposer layer; and wherein the interposer layer includes an adhesive disposed across at least a portion of the lower surface of the interposer layer to physically couple the second semiconductor package and the interposer layer to the first semiconductor package. 8. The PoS semiconductor package of claim 7 wherein the lower surface of the interposer layer overhangs at least a portion of an edge of the upper surface of the first semiconductor package. 9. The PoS semiconductor package of claim 8;
wherein the plurality of conductive structures on the lower surface of the interposer layer include a plurality of conductive bumps disposed about the portion of the organic interposer layer that overhangs the upper surface of the first semiconductor package; and wherein the plurality of conductive members comprise a plurality of conductive pillars that communicably couple each of at least some of the conductive bumps disposed about the portion of the interposer layer that overhangs the upper surface of the first semiconductor package to corresponding ones of the second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate. 10. The PoS semiconductor package of claim 1:
wherein the plurality of conductive members communicably coupled to the second semiconductor package comprise a plurality of wirebonds communicably coupled to the second semiconductor package; and wherein each of at least some of the plurality of wirebonds communicably couple to corresponding ones of the second portion of conductive structures disposed on the surface of the active silicon substrate. 11. A package-on-silicon (PoS) semiconductor package manufacturing method, comprising:
conductively coupling each of a plurality of conductive structures disposed on a lower surface of a first semiconductor package to corresponding ones of a first portion of conductive structures disposed in a first pattern across an upper surface of an active silicon substrate; conductively coupling each of a plurality of conductive structures disposed on a second semiconductor package to corresponding ones of a second portion of conductive structures disposed in a second pattern across the upper surface of the active silicon substrate;
wherein the second semiconductor package is operably coupled to the active silicon substrate such that at least a portion of the first semiconductor package is disposed between at least a portion of a lower surface of the second semiconductor package and the upper surface of the active silicon substrate; and
communicably coupling the first semiconductor package to the second semiconductor package via the active silicon substrate. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
disposing an underfill material between a lower surface of the first semiconductor package and an upper surface of the active silicon substrate. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein conductively coupling each of a plurality of conductive structures disposed on a second semiconductor package to corresponding ones of a second portion of conductive structures disposed in a second pattern across the upper surface of the active silicon substrate comprises:
conductively coupling a second semiconductor package having a plurality of conductive structures disposed in the second pattern on the lower surface of the second semiconductor package to the second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
adhesively coupling at least a portion of the lower surface of the second semiconductor package to at least a portion of the upper surface of the first semiconductor package. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein adhesively coupling at least a portion of the lower surface of the second semiconductor package to at least a portion of the upper surface of the first semiconductor package comprises:
adhesively coupling at least the portion of the lower surface of the second semiconductor package to at least the portion of the upper surface of the first semiconductor package such that at least a portion of the lower surface of the second semiconductor package overhangs at least a portion of an edge of the upper surface of the first semiconductor package. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein conductively coupling each of a plurality of conductive structures disposed on a second semiconductor package to corresponding ones of a second portion of conductive structures disposed in a second pattern across the upper surface of the active silicon substrate comprises:
conductively coupling each of at least some of a plurality of conductive structures disposed about the portion of the lower surface of the second semiconductor package that overhangs the upper surface of the first semiconductor package to corresponding ones of the second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein conductively coupling each of at least some of a plurality of conductive structures disposed about the portion of the lower surface of the second semiconductor package that overhangs the upper surface of the first semiconductor package to corresponding ones of the second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate comprises:
conductively coupling, via conductive pillars, each of at least some of the plurality of conductive structures disposed about the portion of the lower surface of the second semiconductor package that overhangs the upper surface of the first semiconductor package to corresponding ones of the second portion of conductive structures disposed in the second pattern on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate. 18. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
disposing an interposer layer between an upper surface of the first semiconductor package and the lower surface of the second semiconductor package, the interposer layer including: a plurality of conductive pads disposed across an upper surface of the interposer layer; a plurality of conductive structures disposed across at least a portion of a lower surface of the interposer layer; and a plurality of conductors communicably coupling at least some of the plurality of conductive pads disposed on the upper surface of the interposer layer to at least some of the plurality of conductive structures on the lower surface of the interposer layer. 19. The method of claim 18 wherein conductively coupling a second semiconductor package to a second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate further comprises:
conductively coupling each of at least some of the plurality of conductive structures disposed in the second pattern on a lower surface of the second semiconductor package to corresponding ones of the plurality of conductive pads disposed across the upper surface of the interposer layer; and
conductively coupling each of at least some of the plurality of conductive structures disposed across at least a portion of a lower surface of the interposer layer to corresponding ones of the second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
adhesively coupling the lower surface of the interposer layer to at least a portion of an upper surface of the first semiconductor package to physically couple the interposer layer and the second semiconductor package to the first semiconductor package. 21. The method of claim 20 wherein adhesively coupling the lower surface of the interposer layer to at least a portion of an upper surface of the first semiconductor package further comprises:
adhesively coupling the lower surface of the interposer layer to at least a portion of an upper surface of the first semiconductor package such that at least a portion of the lower surface of the interposer layer overhangs at least a portion of an edge of the upper surface of the first semiconductor package. 22. The method of claim 21 wherein conductively coupling each of at least some of the plurality of conductive structures disposed across at least a portion of a lower surface of the interposer layer to corresponding ones of the second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate comprises:
conductively coupling, via conductive pillars, each of at least some of the plurality of conductive structures disposed about the portion of the lower surface of the interposer layer that overhangs the upper surface of the first semiconductor package to a second portion of conductive structures disposed in the second pattern on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate. 23. The method of claim 11 wherein conductively coupling a second semiconductor package to a second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate comprises:
conductively coupling, via each of at least some of a plurality of wirebonds, a second semiconductor package to a second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate. 24. An electronic device, comprising:
a substrate having conductively coupled thereto a package-on-silicon (PoS) semiconductor package, the PoS semiconductor package including:
an active silicon substrate having a plurality of conductive structures;
wherein the plurality of conductive structures includes:
a first portion of conductive structures disposed in a first pattern across at least a portion of an upper surface of the active silicon substrate; and
a second portion of conductive structures disposed in a second pattern across at least a portion of the upper surface of the active silicon substrate;
a first semiconductor package having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a plurality of conductive bumps disposed in the first pattern across at least a portion of the lower surface of the first semiconductor package;
wherein the plurality of conductive bumps communicably couple the first semiconductor package to the first portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate; and
a second semiconductor package having an upper surface and a lower surface;
the second semiconductor package disposed above the upper surface of the first semiconductor package; and
the second semiconductor package communicably coupled, via a plurality of conductive members, to at least some of the second portion of conductive structures disposed on the upper surface of the active silicon substrate;
wherein the active silicon substrate communicably couples the first semiconductor package to the second semiconductor package. 25. The electronic device of claim 24:
wherein the first pattern comprises conductive structures disposed on a first pitch of 50 micrometers (μm) or less; and wherein the second pattern comprises conductive structures disposed on a second pitch of 150 μm or more. | 1,600 |
338,903 | 16,641,968 | 1,654 | A transaction device for an owner's terminal for preparing transactions between the owner and a service provider, configured to execute a computer program to calculate a transaction amount for this service, and to generate a message regarding the transaction amount, and an output interface configured to provide this message to the owner. Also described is an intelligent contract for preparing and/or executing transactions between an owner of a terminal and a service provider, a method for preparing such a transaction in a blockchain-based computer network, a computer program product for executing this method, a terminal that has a transaction device, a transaction system for an owner's terminal for executing transactions between the owner and a service provider, a method for an owner's terminal for executing transactions between the owner and a service provider on a blockchain-based computer network, and a computer program product for executing this method. | 1. A transaction device for a terminal of an owner for preparing transactions between the owner and a service provider, the transaction device comprising:
an input interface configured to receive conditions of the service provider for a service and a destination address of the service provider; wherein the transaction device is configured to execute a computer program that causes the transaction device to:
calculate a transaction amount for the service based on a comparison of the conditions defined by the owner of the terminal for accepting the service with the conditions of the service provider; and
generate a message that contains at least the transaction amount, the service, and the destination address of the service provider; and
an output interface configured to provide the message to the owner. 2. The transaction device according to claim 1, wherein the transaction device is a client node in a computer network with a blockchain basis. 3. The transaction device according to claim 1, wherein the transaction device is configured to provide the message to nodes in a computer network with a blockchain basis, wherein authorization nodes of the computer network are configured to validate the message using the blockchain, and to provide the validated message to the owner. 4. The transaction device according to claim 1, wherein the input interface is configured to receive at least one of conditions for services of an information service provider, conditions for services of a service provider, conditions for insurance, or conditions regarding user fees. 5. The transaction device according to claim 1, wherein the transaction device is a mobile terminal. 6. The transaction device according to claim 1, wherein the transaction device has a communication interface configured to receive at least one of telematic data, control unit data, or actuator data of the terminal or of the service provider. 7. (canceled) 8. The transaction device according to claim 1, wherein the transaction device is configured to calculate the transaction amount of an intelligent contract of the service provider containing the conditions of the service provider for the service,
wherein the terminal contains an intelligent contract of the terminal, that contains the conditions defined by the owner for the terminal for accepting the service, wherein the message generated by the transaction device contains at least a destination address for the intelligent contract of the service provider. 9. The transaction device according to claim 8, wherein the transaction device is configured to at least one of inform the owner of termination conditions or request a decision from the owner to continue or terminate the service if termination conditions defined in the intelligent contract of the service provider or in the intelligent contract of the terminal for terminating an accepted service arise. 10. The transaction device according to claim 1, wherein the transaction device is configured to prepare a money transfer between the owner and the service provider, wherein the terminal is preferably a vehicle. 11. A method for a terminal of an owner for preparing transactions between the owner and a service provider in a computer network with a blockchain basis, the method comprising:
receiving conditions of the service provider for a service and a destination address of the service provider; calculating a transaction amount for the service based on a comparison of conditions defined by the owner for the terminal for accepting the service with the conditions of the service provider; generating a message that contains the conditions defined by the owner for the terminal, the transaction amount, the service, and the destination address of the service provider; and providing the message to the owner. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the method is executed by a transaction device comprising:
an input interface configured to receive the conditions of the service provider and the destination address of the service provider; a computer program that causes the transaction device to perform various operations; and an output interface configured to provide the message to the owner. 13. (canceled) 14. The terminal comprising the transaction device according to claim 1, the terminal further comprising:
a terminal output interface configured to provide the conditions defined by the owner for the terminal for accepting the service of the service provider; a terminal input interface configured to receive the conditions of the service provider for the service; wherein the terminal is configured to select the service provider based on a comparison of the conditions of the service provider with the conditions defined by the owner for this terminal for accepting the service. 15. The terminal according to claim 14, wherein the terminal is configured to select the service provider based on a priority list of service providers, preferably stored in an intelligent contract of the terminal. 16. A transaction system for a terminal of an owner for executing transactions between the owner and a service provider in a computer network with a blockchain basis, comprising:
a wallet program for obtaining a client node in the computer network for the owner when the wallet program is executed on a computer; a transaction device comprising a further client node in the computer network, configured to:
calculate a transaction amount for the service based on a comparison of the conditions defined by the owner for the terminal for accepting a service with the conditions of the service provider,
generate a message that contains the conditions defined by the owner, the transaction amount, the service, and a destination address of the service provider, and
provide the message to nodes of the computer network;
authorization elements that are authorization nodes in the computer network and are configured to validate the message using the blockchain, wherein the transaction for the service takes place through the owner with the wallet program based on the validated message. 17. The transaction system according to claim 16, wherein the transaction system is configured to execute the comparison of the conditions defined by the owner for the terminal for accepting the service with the conditions of the service provider based on an intelligent contract of the service provider, and an intelligent contract of the terminal, wherein the message contains at least a destination address of the intelligent contract of the service provider. 18. The transaction system according to claim 17, wherein the transaction device is configured to at least one of inform the owner of termination conditions or request a decision from the owner to continue or terminate the service if termination conditions for terminating an accepted service defined in the intelligent contract of the service provider or in the intelligent contract of the terminal arise, wherein the wallet program is configured to terminate the service. 19. The transaction system according to claim 16, wherein the wallet program is configured to obtain the further client node for the transaction device. 20. The transaction system according to claim 16, wherein the wallet program can be executed on a mobile terminal of the owner, wherein the wallet program is preferably a mobile application software. 21. The transaction system according to claim 16, wherein the wallet program is configured to execute transactions for numerous terminals of the owner for respective services based on respective validated messages, based on respective intelligent contracts specific to the terminal. 22. (canceled) 23. A method for a terminal of an owner for executing transactions between the owner and a service provider in a computer network with a blockchain basis, the method comprising:
obtaining a client node for the owner in the computer network through a wallet program when the wallet program is executed on a computer; forming a further client node in the computer network by a transaction device; calculating a transaction amount for the service by means of a transaction device, based on a comparison of conditions defined by the owner for the terminal for accepting the service with conditions of the service provider; generating a message with the transaction device that contains the conditions defined by the owner, the transaction amount, the service, and a destination address of the service provider; providing the message to nodes of the computer network; validating the message using the blockchain through authorization nodes in the computer network; and paying for the service by the owner with the wallet program based on the validated message. 24. (canceled) 25. (canceled) | A transaction device for an owner's terminal for preparing transactions between the owner and a service provider, configured to execute a computer program to calculate a transaction amount for this service, and to generate a message regarding the transaction amount, and an output interface configured to provide this message to the owner. Also described is an intelligent contract for preparing and/or executing transactions between an owner of a terminal and a service provider, a method for preparing such a transaction in a blockchain-based computer network, a computer program product for executing this method, a terminal that has a transaction device, a transaction system for an owner's terminal for executing transactions between the owner and a service provider, a method for an owner's terminal for executing transactions between the owner and a service provider on a blockchain-based computer network, and a computer program product for executing this method.1. A transaction device for a terminal of an owner for preparing transactions between the owner and a service provider, the transaction device comprising:
an input interface configured to receive conditions of the service provider for a service and a destination address of the service provider; wherein the transaction device is configured to execute a computer program that causes the transaction device to:
calculate a transaction amount for the service based on a comparison of the conditions defined by the owner of the terminal for accepting the service with the conditions of the service provider; and
generate a message that contains at least the transaction amount, the service, and the destination address of the service provider; and
an output interface configured to provide the message to the owner. 2. The transaction device according to claim 1, wherein the transaction device is a client node in a computer network with a blockchain basis. 3. The transaction device according to claim 1, wherein the transaction device is configured to provide the message to nodes in a computer network with a blockchain basis, wherein authorization nodes of the computer network are configured to validate the message using the blockchain, and to provide the validated message to the owner. 4. The transaction device according to claim 1, wherein the input interface is configured to receive at least one of conditions for services of an information service provider, conditions for services of a service provider, conditions for insurance, or conditions regarding user fees. 5. The transaction device according to claim 1, wherein the transaction device is a mobile terminal. 6. The transaction device according to claim 1, wherein the transaction device has a communication interface configured to receive at least one of telematic data, control unit data, or actuator data of the terminal or of the service provider. 7. (canceled) 8. The transaction device according to claim 1, wherein the transaction device is configured to calculate the transaction amount of an intelligent contract of the service provider containing the conditions of the service provider for the service,
wherein the terminal contains an intelligent contract of the terminal, that contains the conditions defined by the owner for the terminal for accepting the service, wherein the message generated by the transaction device contains at least a destination address for the intelligent contract of the service provider. 9. The transaction device according to claim 8, wherein the transaction device is configured to at least one of inform the owner of termination conditions or request a decision from the owner to continue or terminate the service if termination conditions defined in the intelligent contract of the service provider or in the intelligent contract of the terminal for terminating an accepted service arise. 10. The transaction device according to claim 1, wherein the transaction device is configured to prepare a money transfer between the owner and the service provider, wherein the terminal is preferably a vehicle. 11. A method for a terminal of an owner for preparing transactions between the owner and a service provider in a computer network with a blockchain basis, the method comprising:
receiving conditions of the service provider for a service and a destination address of the service provider; calculating a transaction amount for the service based on a comparison of conditions defined by the owner for the terminal for accepting the service with the conditions of the service provider; generating a message that contains the conditions defined by the owner for the terminal, the transaction amount, the service, and the destination address of the service provider; and providing the message to the owner. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the method is executed by a transaction device comprising:
an input interface configured to receive the conditions of the service provider and the destination address of the service provider; a computer program that causes the transaction device to perform various operations; and an output interface configured to provide the message to the owner. 13. (canceled) 14. The terminal comprising the transaction device according to claim 1, the terminal further comprising:
a terminal output interface configured to provide the conditions defined by the owner for the terminal for accepting the service of the service provider; a terminal input interface configured to receive the conditions of the service provider for the service; wherein the terminal is configured to select the service provider based on a comparison of the conditions of the service provider with the conditions defined by the owner for this terminal for accepting the service. 15. The terminal according to claim 14, wherein the terminal is configured to select the service provider based on a priority list of service providers, preferably stored in an intelligent contract of the terminal. 16. A transaction system for a terminal of an owner for executing transactions between the owner and a service provider in a computer network with a blockchain basis, comprising:
a wallet program for obtaining a client node in the computer network for the owner when the wallet program is executed on a computer; a transaction device comprising a further client node in the computer network, configured to:
calculate a transaction amount for the service based on a comparison of the conditions defined by the owner for the terminal for accepting a service with the conditions of the service provider,
generate a message that contains the conditions defined by the owner, the transaction amount, the service, and a destination address of the service provider, and
provide the message to nodes of the computer network;
authorization elements that are authorization nodes in the computer network and are configured to validate the message using the blockchain, wherein the transaction for the service takes place through the owner with the wallet program based on the validated message. 17. The transaction system according to claim 16, wherein the transaction system is configured to execute the comparison of the conditions defined by the owner for the terminal for accepting the service with the conditions of the service provider based on an intelligent contract of the service provider, and an intelligent contract of the terminal, wherein the message contains at least a destination address of the intelligent contract of the service provider. 18. The transaction system according to claim 17, wherein the transaction device is configured to at least one of inform the owner of termination conditions or request a decision from the owner to continue or terminate the service if termination conditions for terminating an accepted service defined in the intelligent contract of the service provider or in the intelligent contract of the terminal arise, wherein the wallet program is configured to terminate the service. 19. The transaction system according to claim 16, wherein the wallet program is configured to obtain the further client node for the transaction device. 20. The transaction system according to claim 16, wherein the wallet program can be executed on a mobile terminal of the owner, wherein the wallet program is preferably a mobile application software. 21. The transaction system according to claim 16, wherein the wallet program is configured to execute transactions for numerous terminals of the owner for respective services based on respective validated messages, based on respective intelligent contracts specific to the terminal. 22. (canceled) 23. A method for a terminal of an owner for executing transactions between the owner and a service provider in a computer network with a blockchain basis, the method comprising:
obtaining a client node for the owner in the computer network through a wallet program when the wallet program is executed on a computer; forming a further client node in the computer network by a transaction device; calculating a transaction amount for the service by means of a transaction device, based on a comparison of conditions defined by the owner for the terminal for accepting the service with conditions of the service provider; generating a message with the transaction device that contains the conditions defined by the owner, the transaction amount, the service, and a destination address of the service provider; providing the message to nodes of the computer network; validating the message using the blockchain through authorization nodes in the computer network; and paying for the service by the owner with the wallet program based on the validated message. 24. (canceled) 25. (canceled) | 1,600 |
338,904 | 16,641,975 | 1,654 | The present invention relates to the field of optical effect layers (OEL) comprising magnetically oriented non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles on a substrate, spinneable magnetic assemblies and processes for producing said optical effect layers (OEL). In particular, the present invention relates to spinneable magnetic assemblies and processes for producing said OELs as anti-counterfeit means on security documents or security articles or for decorative purposes. | 1. An optical effect layer (OEL) comprising a radiation cured coating composition comprising non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles, said non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles being oriented according to an orientation pattern,
wherein the orientation pattern is circularly symmetric around a center of rotation, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at at least two distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin (θ)|≥10°, and said optical effect layer providing an optical impression of at least one circularly moving spot or at least one comet-shaped spot rotating around said center of rotation upon tilting said OEL. 2. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the plurality of non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable particles is constituted by non-spherical oblate optically variable magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles. 3. The optical effect layer according to claim 2, wherein the optically variable magnetic or magnetizable pigments are selected from the group consisting of magnetic thin-film interference pigments, magnetic cholesteric liquid crystal pigments and mixtures thereof. 4. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the radiation cured coating composition is a UV-Vis radiation cured coating composition. 5. (canceled) 6. A security document or a decorative element or object comprising one or more optical effect layers (OELs) recited in claim 1. 7. A printing apparatus for producing on a substrate the optical effect layer (OEL) recited in claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles are oriented with the magnetic field from at least one spinning magnetic assembly comprised in the apparatus, the spinning magnetic assembly having an axis of spinning, wherein the surface of the substrate provided with the OEL is substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning of the magnet assembly, and comprising
a) a first magnetic-field generating device comprising at least one pair of two bar dipole magnets at least partially or fully embedded in a supporting matrix, each of said bar dipole magnets having its North-South magnetic axis substantially parallel to the axis of spinning, said two bar dipole magnets of the at least one pair having opposite magnetic field directions and being arranged in a symmetric configuration around the axis of spinning along a line, and b) a second magnetic-field generating device comprising
b1) a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning,
b2) a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning,
b3) a bar dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and arranged on the axis of spinning, and/or
b4) at least one pair of two bar dipole magnets, each of said bar dipole magnets having its North-South magnetic axis substantially parallel to the axis of spinning, said two bar dipole magnets of the at least one pair having opposite magnetic field directions and being arranged in a symmetric configuration around the axis of spinning along a line,
wherein the projection of the line where the bar dipole magnets of the at least one pair of the first magnetic-field generating device are arranged and the projection of the magnetic axis of the second magnetic-field generating device form along the axis of spinning onto a plane perpendicular to the axis of spinning an angle either in the range from about 5° to about 175° or in the range from about −5° to about −175°. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the second magnetic-field generating device comprises the disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning. 9. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the second magnetic-field generating device comprises the bar dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and arranged on the axis of spinning. 10. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the second magnetic-field generating device comprises the at least one pair of two bar dipole magnets, each of said bar dipole magnets having its North-South magnetic axis substantially parallel to the axis of spinning, said two bar dipole magnets of the pair having opposite magnetic field directions and being arranged in a symmetric configuration around the axis of spinning along a line, and wherein the distance between the spinning axis and each of the bar dipole magnets of the first magnetic-field generating device along the line is different from the distance between the spinning axis and each of the bar dipole magnets of the second magnetic-field generating device. 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a rotating magnetic cylinder or a flatbed unit, wherein the at least one spinning magnetic assembly is comprised in the rotating magnetic cylinder or the flatbed unit. 12. A process for producing the optical effect layer (OEL) recited in claim 1 on a substrate, said process comprising the steps of:
i) applying on a substrate surface a radiation curable coating composition comprising non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles, said radiation curable coating composition being in a first state;
ii) exposing the radiation curable coating composition to the magnetic field of the printing apparatus, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles are oriented with the magnetic field from at least one spinning magnetic assembly comprised in the apparatus, the spinning magnetic assembly having an axis of spinning, wherein the surface of the substrate provided with the OEL is substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning of the magnet assembly, and comprising
a) a first magnetic-field generating device comprising at least one pair of two bar dipole magnets at least partially or fully embedded in a supporting matrix, each of said bar dipole magnets having its North-South magnetic axis substantially parallel to the axis of spinning, said two bar dipole magnets of the at least one pair having opposite magnetic field directions and being arranged in a symmetric configuration around the axis of spinning along a line, and
b) a second magnetic-field generating device comprising
b1) a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning,
b2) a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning,
b3) a bar dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and arranged on the axis of spinning, and/or
b4) at least one pair of two bar dipole magnets, each of said bar dipole magnets having its North-South magnetic axis substantially parallel to the axis of spinning, said two bar dipole magnets of the at least one pair having opposite magnetic field directions and being arranged in a symmetric configuration around the axis of spinning along a line,
wherein the projection of the line where the bar dipole magnets of the at least one pair of the first magnetic-field generating device are arranged and the projection of the magnetic axis of the second magnetic-field generating device form along the axis of spinning onto a plane perpendicular to the axis of spinning an angle either in the range from about 5° to about 175° or in the range from about −5° to about −175° so as to orient at least a part of the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles; and
iii) at least partially curing the radiation curable coating composition of step ii) to a second state so as to fix the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles in their adopted positions and orientations. 13. The process according to claim 12, wherein step iii) is carried out by UV-Vis light radiation curing and wherein step iii) is carried out partially simultaneously with the step ii). 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at at least two distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin(θ)|≥15°. 17. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at four distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin(θ)|≥10°. 18. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at four distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location x1 and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin(θ)|≥15°. 19. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the loop-shaped dipole magnet is ring-shaped. 20. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the projection of the line where the bar dipole magnets of the at least one pair of the first magnetic-field generating device are arranged and the projection of the magnetic axis of the second magnetic-field generating device form along the axis of spinning onto a plane perpendicular to the axis of spinning an angle in the range from about 15° to about 165° or in the range from about −15° to about −165°. | The present invention relates to the field of optical effect layers (OEL) comprising magnetically oriented non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles on a substrate, spinneable magnetic assemblies and processes for producing said optical effect layers (OEL). In particular, the present invention relates to spinneable magnetic assemblies and processes for producing said OELs as anti-counterfeit means on security documents or security articles or for decorative purposes.1. An optical effect layer (OEL) comprising a radiation cured coating composition comprising non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles, said non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles being oriented according to an orientation pattern,
wherein the orientation pattern is circularly symmetric around a center of rotation, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at at least two distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin (θ)|≥10°, and said optical effect layer providing an optical impression of at least one circularly moving spot or at least one comet-shaped spot rotating around said center of rotation upon tilting said OEL. 2. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the plurality of non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable particles is constituted by non-spherical oblate optically variable magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles. 3. The optical effect layer according to claim 2, wherein the optically variable magnetic or magnetizable pigments are selected from the group consisting of magnetic thin-film interference pigments, magnetic cholesteric liquid crystal pigments and mixtures thereof. 4. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the radiation cured coating composition is a UV-Vis radiation cured coating composition. 5. (canceled) 6. A security document or a decorative element or object comprising one or more optical effect layers (OELs) recited in claim 1. 7. A printing apparatus for producing on a substrate the optical effect layer (OEL) recited in claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles are oriented with the magnetic field from at least one spinning magnetic assembly comprised in the apparatus, the spinning magnetic assembly having an axis of spinning, wherein the surface of the substrate provided with the OEL is substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning of the magnet assembly, and comprising
a) a first magnetic-field generating device comprising at least one pair of two bar dipole magnets at least partially or fully embedded in a supporting matrix, each of said bar dipole magnets having its North-South magnetic axis substantially parallel to the axis of spinning, said two bar dipole magnets of the at least one pair having opposite magnetic field directions and being arranged in a symmetric configuration around the axis of spinning along a line, and b) a second magnetic-field generating device comprising
b1) a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning,
b2) a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning,
b3) a bar dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and arranged on the axis of spinning, and/or
b4) at least one pair of two bar dipole magnets, each of said bar dipole magnets having its North-South magnetic axis substantially parallel to the axis of spinning, said two bar dipole magnets of the at least one pair having opposite magnetic field directions and being arranged in a symmetric configuration around the axis of spinning along a line,
wherein the projection of the line where the bar dipole magnets of the at least one pair of the first magnetic-field generating device are arranged and the projection of the magnetic axis of the second magnetic-field generating device form along the axis of spinning onto a plane perpendicular to the axis of spinning an angle either in the range from about 5° to about 175° or in the range from about −5° to about −175°. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the second magnetic-field generating device comprises the disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning. 9. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the second magnetic-field generating device comprises the bar dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and arranged on the axis of spinning. 10. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the second magnetic-field generating device comprises the at least one pair of two bar dipole magnets, each of said bar dipole magnets having its North-South magnetic axis substantially parallel to the axis of spinning, said two bar dipole magnets of the pair having opposite magnetic field directions and being arranged in a symmetric configuration around the axis of spinning along a line, and wherein the distance between the spinning axis and each of the bar dipole magnets of the first magnetic-field generating device along the line is different from the distance between the spinning axis and each of the bar dipole magnets of the second magnetic-field generating device. 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a rotating magnetic cylinder or a flatbed unit, wherein the at least one spinning magnetic assembly is comprised in the rotating magnetic cylinder or the flatbed unit. 12. A process for producing the optical effect layer (OEL) recited in claim 1 on a substrate, said process comprising the steps of:
i) applying on a substrate surface a radiation curable coating composition comprising non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles, said radiation curable coating composition being in a first state;
ii) exposing the radiation curable coating composition to the magnetic field of the printing apparatus, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles are oriented with the magnetic field from at least one spinning magnetic assembly comprised in the apparatus, the spinning magnetic assembly having an axis of spinning, wherein the surface of the substrate provided with the OEL is substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning of the magnet assembly, and comprising
a) a first magnetic-field generating device comprising at least one pair of two bar dipole magnets at least partially or fully embedded in a supporting matrix, each of said bar dipole magnets having its North-South magnetic axis substantially parallel to the axis of spinning, said two bar dipole magnets of the at least one pair having opposite magnetic field directions and being arranged in a symmetric configuration around the axis of spinning along a line, and
b) a second magnetic-field generating device comprising
b1) a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning,
b2) a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning,
b3) a bar dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and arranged on the axis of spinning, and/or
b4) at least one pair of two bar dipole magnets, each of said bar dipole magnets having its North-South magnetic axis substantially parallel to the axis of spinning, said two bar dipole magnets of the at least one pair having opposite magnetic field directions and being arranged in a symmetric configuration around the axis of spinning along a line,
wherein the projection of the line where the bar dipole magnets of the at least one pair of the first magnetic-field generating device are arranged and the projection of the magnetic axis of the second magnetic-field generating device form along the axis of spinning onto a plane perpendicular to the axis of spinning an angle either in the range from about 5° to about 175° or in the range from about −5° to about −175° so as to orient at least a part of the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles; and
iii) at least partially curing the radiation curable coating composition of step ii) to a second state so as to fix the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles in their adopted positions and orientations. 13. The process according to claim 12, wherein step iii) is carried out by UV-Vis light radiation curing and wherein step iii) is carried out partially simultaneously with the step ii). 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at at least two distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin(θ)|≥15°. 17. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at four distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin(θ)|≥10°. 18. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at four distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location x1 and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin(θ)|≥15°. 19. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the loop-shaped dipole magnet is ring-shaped. 20. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the projection of the line where the bar dipole magnets of the at least one pair of the first magnetic-field generating device are arranged and the projection of the magnetic axis of the second magnetic-field generating device form along the axis of spinning onto a plane perpendicular to the axis of spinning an angle in the range from about 15° to about 165° or in the range from about −15° to about −165°. | 1,600 |
338,905 | 16,641,969 | 1,654 | A music piece analyzer includes: a beat interval acquiring unit configured to acquire a beat interval in music piece data; a candidate detector configured to detect sounding positions where a change amount for sounding is equal to or more than a predetermined threshold in the music piece data, as candidates for sounding positions of a snare drum; and a sounding position determination unit configured to determine that the candidates for the sounding positions at a two-beat interval acquired by the beat interval acquiring unit in the music piece data are the sounding positions of the snare drum, among the candidates for the sounding positions of the snare drum. | 1. A music piece analyzer comprising:
a beat interval acquiring unit configured to acquire a beat interval of music piece data; a candidate detector configured to detect sounding positions where a change amount for sounding is equal to or more than a predetermined threshold in the music piece data, as candidates for sounding positions of a snare drum; and a sounding position determination unit configured to determine that the candidates for the sounding positions at a two-beat interval calculated by the beat interval acquiring unit in the music piece data are the sounding positions of the snare drum, among the candidates for the sounding positions of the snare drum. 2. The music piece analyzer according to claim 1, wherein
the sounding position determination unit determines the sounding positions of the snare drum on a basis of the sounding positions of the candidates at two-beat intervals before and after the candidates. 3. The music piece analyzer according to claim 1, further comprising:
a high pass filter (HPF) processor configured to subject the music piece data to a high pass filter (HPF) processing. 4. The music piece analyzer according to claim 1, wherein
the candidate detector acquires differential data of the music piece data in a block per four beats of the music piece data to acquire the change amount. 5. A computer-readable medium that stores a program code configured to enable a computer to function as:
when read and run by the computer
a beat interval acquiring unit configured to acquire a beat interval of music piece data;
a candidate detector configured to detect sounding positions where a change amount for sounding is equal to o more than a predetermined threshold in the music piece data, as candidates for sounding positions of the snare drum; and
a sounding position determination unit configured to determine that the candidates for the sounding positions at a two-beat interval acquired by the beat interval acquiring unit in the music piece data are the sounding positions of the snare drum, among the candidates for the sounding positions of the snare drum. | A music piece analyzer includes: a beat interval acquiring unit configured to acquire a beat interval in music piece data; a candidate detector configured to detect sounding positions where a change amount for sounding is equal to or more than a predetermined threshold in the music piece data, as candidates for sounding positions of a snare drum; and a sounding position determination unit configured to determine that the candidates for the sounding positions at a two-beat interval acquired by the beat interval acquiring unit in the music piece data are the sounding positions of the snare drum, among the candidates for the sounding positions of the snare drum.1. A music piece analyzer comprising:
a beat interval acquiring unit configured to acquire a beat interval of music piece data; a candidate detector configured to detect sounding positions where a change amount for sounding is equal to or more than a predetermined threshold in the music piece data, as candidates for sounding positions of a snare drum; and a sounding position determination unit configured to determine that the candidates for the sounding positions at a two-beat interval calculated by the beat interval acquiring unit in the music piece data are the sounding positions of the snare drum, among the candidates for the sounding positions of the snare drum. 2. The music piece analyzer according to claim 1, wherein
the sounding position determination unit determines the sounding positions of the snare drum on a basis of the sounding positions of the candidates at two-beat intervals before and after the candidates. 3. The music piece analyzer according to claim 1, further comprising:
a high pass filter (HPF) processor configured to subject the music piece data to a high pass filter (HPF) processing. 4. The music piece analyzer according to claim 1, wherein
the candidate detector acquires differential data of the music piece data in a block per four beats of the music piece data to acquire the change amount. 5. A computer-readable medium that stores a program code configured to enable a computer to function as:
when read and run by the computer
a beat interval acquiring unit configured to acquire a beat interval of music piece data;
a candidate detector configured to detect sounding positions where a change amount for sounding is equal to o more than a predetermined threshold in the music piece data, as candidates for sounding positions of the snare drum; and
a sounding position determination unit configured to determine that the candidates for the sounding positions at a two-beat interval acquired by the beat interval acquiring unit in the music piece data are the sounding positions of the snare drum, among the candidates for the sounding positions of the snare drum. | 1,600 |
338,906 | 16,641,981 | 1,654 | A semiconductor light-emitting element includes: an n-type cladding layer formed of a nitride semiconductor; an active layer which is arranged above the n-type cladding layer and formed of a nitride semiconductor; a p-type cladding layer arranged above the active layer and formed of a nitride semiconductor; and a p-side electrode arranged above the p-type cladding layer, wherein the p-type cladding layer contains hydrogen, and a first concentration of the hydrogen at a center of the p-type cladding layer in a region below the p-side electrode is lower than a second concentration of the hydrogen at a position located on a side closer to an outer edge than to the center in the region below the p-side electrode. | 1-8. (canceled) 9. A semiconductor laser element, comprising:
an n-type cladding layer containing AlGaN; an active layer which is arranged above the n-type cladding layer and contains InGaN; a p-type cladding layer which is arranged above the active layer and has a laminated structure of a GaN layer and an AlGaN layer and a ridge part; and a p-side electrode arranged above the ridge part, wherein the p-type cladding layer contains magnesium and hydrogen, a width of the ridge part is 15 μm or more, and on a cross-section passing through the ridge part, the ridge part has a portion where a hydrogen concentration is 1×1017 cm−3 or more and 1×1018 cm−3 or less. 10. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 9, wherein
a hydrogen concentration in the p-type cladding layer in a region below the p-side electrode is lower than a hydrogen concentration in the p-type cladding layer in a region other than the region below the p-side electrode. 11. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 10, further comprising
an insulating layer which is arranged above the p-type cladding layer and has an opening, wherein the p-side electrode is arranged at least in the opening, and the region below the p-side electrode is a region located below a portion of the p-side electrode arranged in the opening. 12. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 11, further comprising
a contact layer which is arranged above the p-type cladding layer and formed of a nitride semiconductor, wherein the insulating layer is arranged above the contact layer, and the p-side electrode is in contact with the contact layer in the opening. 13. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 11, wherein
the opening is arranged above the ridge part, and the p-side electrode is arranged above the ridge part. 14. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 13, further comprising,
a contact layer which is arranged above the ridge part and formed of a nitride semiconductor, wherein the p-side electrode is in contact with the contact layer in the opening. 15. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 9, wherein
the active layer has a layer containing GaN. 16. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 9, wherein
the active layer has: one or more layers containing InGaN; and one or more layers containing GaN, and the one or more layers containing InGaN and the one or more layers containing GaN are alternately laminated. 17. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 9, wherein
a width of the p-side electrode is 10 μm or more and 150 μm or less. 18. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 9, wherein
as the ridge part, the p-type cladding layer has a plurality of ridge parts. 19. A semiconductor laser element, comprising:
a substrate; and an array part having three or more light-emitting element parts which are arrayed in parallel to a main surface of the substrate above the main surface and each of which emits light, wherein each of the three or more light-emitting element parts includes: on the substrate, an n-type cladding layer containing AlGaN, an active layer containing InGaN, and a p-type cladding layer formed arranged above the active layer and having a laminated structure of a GaN layer and an AlGaN layer, which are arranged in stated order from closest to furthest from the substrate, the p-type cladding layer contains magnesium and hydrogen, and a concentration of the hydrogen in the p-type cladding layer of the light-emitting element part included in the three or more light emitting element parts and located on a side closer to a center of the array part is lower than a concentration of the hydrogen in the p-type cladding layer of the light-emitting element part included in the three or more light emitting element parts and located on a side closer to an end part of the array part than the light-emitting element part included in the three or more light emitting element parts and located on the side closer to the center of the array part. 20. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 19, wherein
the active layer has a layer containing GaN. 21. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 19, wherein
the active layer has: one or more layers containing InGaN; and one or more layers containing GaN, and the one or more layers containing InGaN and the one or more layers containing GaN are alternately laminated. 22. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 19, wherein
a width of the p-side electrode is 10 μm or more and 150 μm or less.dd | A semiconductor light-emitting element includes: an n-type cladding layer formed of a nitride semiconductor; an active layer which is arranged above the n-type cladding layer and formed of a nitride semiconductor; a p-type cladding layer arranged above the active layer and formed of a nitride semiconductor; and a p-side electrode arranged above the p-type cladding layer, wherein the p-type cladding layer contains hydrogen, and a first concentration of the hydrogen at a center of the p-type cladding layer in a region below the p-side electrode is lower than a second concentration of the hydrogen at a position located on a side closer to an outer edge than to the center in the region below the p-side electrode.1-8. (canceled) 9. A semiconductor laser element, comprising:
an n-type cladding layer containing AlGaN; an active layer which is arranged above the n-type cladding layer and contains InGaN; a p-type cladding layer which is arranged above the active layer and has a laminated structure of a GaN layer and an AlGaN layer and a ridge part; and a p-side electrode arranged above the ridge part, wherein the p-type cladding layer contains magnesium and hydrogen, a width of the ridge part is 15 μm or more, and on a cross-section passing through the ridge part, the ridge part has a portion where a hydrogen concentration is 1×1017 cm−3 or more and 1×1018 cm−3 or less. 10. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 9, wherein
a hydrogen concentration in the p-type cladding layer in a region below the p-side electrode is lower than a hydrogen concentration in the p-type cladding layer in a region other than the region below the p-side electrode. 11. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 10, further comprising
an insulating layer which is arranged above the p-type cladding layer and has an opening, wherein the p-side electrode is arranged at least in the opening, and the region below the p-side electrode is a region located below a portion of the p-side electrode arranged in the opening. 12. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 11, further comprising
a contact layer which is arranged above the p-type cladding layer and formed of a nitride semiconductor, wherein the insulating layer is arranged above the contact layer, and the p-side electrode is in contact with the contact layer in the opening. 13. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 11, wherein
the opening is arranged above the ridge part, and the p-side electrode is arranged above the ridge part. 14. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 13, further comprising,
a contact layer which is arranged above the ridge part and formed of a nitride semiconductor, wherein the p-side electrode is in contact with the contact layer in the opening. 15. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 9, wherein
the active layer has a layer containing GaN. 16. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 9, wherein
the active layer has: one or more layers containing InGaN; and one or more layers containing GaN, and the one or more layers containing InGaN and the one or more layers containing GaN are alternately laminated. 17. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 9, wherein
a width of the p-side electrode is 10 μm or more and 150 μm or less. 18. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 9, wherein
as the ridge part, the p-type cladding layer has a plurality of ridge parts. 19. A semiconductor laser element, comprising:
a substrate; and an array part having three or more light-emitting element parts which are arrayed in parallel to a main surface of the substrate above the main surface and each of which emits light, wherein each of the three or more light-emitting element parts includes: on the substrate, an n-type cladding layer containing AlGaN, an active layer containing InGaN, and a p-type cladding layer formed arranged above the active layer and having a laminated structure of a GaN layer and an AlGaN layer, which are arranged in stated order from closest to furthest from the substrate, the p-type cladding layer contains magnesium and hydrogen, and a concentration of the hydrogen in the p-type cladding layer of the light-emitting element part included in the three or more light emitting element parts and located on a side closer to a center of the array part is lower than a concentration of the hydrogen in the p-type cladding layer of the light-emitting element part included in the three or more light emitting element parts and located on a side closer to an end part of the array part than the light-emitting element part included in the three or more light emitting element parts and located on the side closer to the center of the array part. 20. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 19, wherein
the active layer has a layer containing GaN. 21. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 19, wherein
the active layer has: one or more layers containing InGaN; and one or more layers containing GaN, and the one or more layers containing InGaN and the one or more layers containing GaN are alternately laminated. 22. The semiconductor laser element according to claim 19, wherein
a width of the p-side electrode is 10 μm or more and 150 μm or less.dd | 1,600 |
338,907 | 16,641,992 | 1,654 | Voltage application device includes voltage application circuit. Voltage application circuit applies a voltage to load including discharge electrode that holds liquid, voltage application circuit generating discharge in discharge electrode. During a drive period, voltage application circuit periodically changes a magnitude of the voltage applied to load at a drive frequency within a predetermined range including a resonance frequency of liquid, voltage application circuit mechanically vibrating liquid. | 1. A voltage application device comprising a voltage application circuit that applies a voltage to a load including a discharge electrode that holds liquid, the voltage application circuit generating discharge in the discharge electrode,
wherein, during a drive period, the voltage application circuit periodically changes a magnitude of the voltage applied to the load at a drive frequency within a predetermined range including a resonance frequency of the liquid, the voltage application circuit mechanically vibrating the liquid. 2. The voltage application device according to claim 1, wherein a differential value between a maximum value and a minimum value of the voltage during the drive period is greater than or equal to ½ of the maximum value of the voltage. 3. The voltage application device according to claim 1, wherein the magnitude of the voltage changes within a range that exceeds 0 V during the drive period. 4. The voltage application device according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined range is a range of full width at half maximum (FWHM) in a frequency characteristic of vibration of the liquid. 5. The voltage application device according to claim 1, wherein the voltage application circuit changes the drive frequency within the predetermined range. 6. The voltage application device according to claim 1, wherein the maximum value of the voltage during the drive period is adjusted to be less than or equal to a specified voltage value in such a way that a generation amount of ozone per unit time resulting from the discharge generated in the discharge electrode during the drive period is less than or equal to a specified value. 7. The voltage application device according to claim 1, wherein a volume of the liquid during the drive period is adjusted to be greater than or equal to a specified volume in such a way that a generation amount of ozone per unit time resulting from the discharge generated in the discharge electrode during the drive period is less than or equal to a specified value. 8. A discharge device comprising:
the voltage application device according to claim 1; and the discharge electrode. 9. The discharge device according to claim 8, further comprising a liquid supply unit that supplies the liquid to the discharge electrode. 10. The discharge device according to claim 9, further comprising a sensor that measures at least one of a temperature and a humidity,
wherein the liquid supply unit cools down the discharge electrode, and generates dew condensation water serving as the liquid on a surface of the discharge electrode. 11. The discharge device according to claim 10, further comprising a frequency adjuster that adjusts the drive frequency based on an output of the sensor. 12. The discharge device according to claim 10, further comprising a generation amount adjuster that adjusts a generation amount of the dew condensation water in the liquid supply unit based on an output of the sensor. 13. The discharge device according to claim 8, further comprising a counter electrode that is disposed to face the discharge electrode via a gap,
wherein the voltage is applied between the discharge electrode and the counter electrode, and the discharge is generated between the discharge electrode and the counter electrode. 14. The discharge device according to claim 8, wherein the liquid is electrostatically atomized due to the discharge. | Voltage application device includes voltage application circuit. Voltage application circuit applies a voltage to load including discharge electrode that holds liquid, voltage application circuit generating discharge in discharge electrode. During a drive period, voltage application circuit periodically changes a magnitude of the voltage applied to load at a drive frequency within a predetermined range including a resonance frequency of liquid, voltage application circuit mechanically vibrating liquid.1. A voltage application device comprising a voltage application circuit that applies a voltage to a load including a discharge electrode that holds liquid, the voltage application circuit generating discharge in the discharge electrode,
wherein, during a drive period, the voltage application circuit periodically changes a magnitude of the voltage applied to the load at a drive frequency within a predetermined range including a resonance frequency of the liquid, the voltage application circuit mechanically vibrating the liquid. 2. The voltage application device according to claim 1, wherein a differential value between a maximum value and a minimum value of the voltage during the drive period is greater than or equal to ½ of the maximum value of the voltage. 3. The voltage application device according to claim 1, wherein the magnitude of the voltage changes within a range that exceeds 0 V during the drive period. 4. The voltage application device according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined range is a range of full width at half maximum (FWHM) in a frequency characteristic of vibration of the liquid. 5. The voltage application device according to claim 1, wherein the voltage application circuit changes the drive frequency within the predetermined range. 6. The voltage application device according to claim 1, wherein the maximum value of the voltage during the drive period is adjusted to be less than or equal to a specified voltage value in such a way that a generation amount of ozone per unit time resulting from the discharge generated in the discharge electrode during the drive period is less than or equal to a specified value. 7. The voltage application device according to claim 1, wherein a volume of the liquid during the drive period is adjusted to be greater than or equal to a specified volume in such a way that a generation amount of ozone per unit time resulting from the discharge generated in the discharge electrode during the drive period is less than or equal to a specified value. 8. A discharge device comprising:
the voltage application device according to claim 1; and the discharge electrode. 9. The discharge device according to claim 8, further comprising a liquid supply unit that supplies the liquid to the discharge electrode. 10. The discharge device according to claim 9, further comprising a sensor that measures at least one of a temperature and a humidity,
wherein the liquid supply unit cools down the discharge electrode, and generates dew condensation water serving as the liquid on a surface of the discharge electrode. 11. The discharge device according to claim 10, further comprising a frequency adjuster that adjusts the drive frequency based on an output of the sensor. 12. The discharge device according to claim 10, further comprising a generation amount adjuster that adjusts a generation amount of the dew condensation water in the liquid supply unit based on an output of the sensor. 13. The discharge device according to claim 8, further comprising a counter electrode that is disposed to face the discharge electrode via a gap,
wherein the voltage is applied between the discharge electrode and the counter electrode, and the discharge is generated between the discharge electrode and the counter electrode. 14. The discharge device according to claim 8, wherein the liquid is electrostatically atomized due to the discharge. | 1,600 |
338,908 | 16,641,941 | 1,654 | A click heatmap abnormality detection method and apparatus, comprising: obtaining a first click heatmap, and dividing the first click heatmap into a plurality of regions (S100); for each region among the plurality of regions, respectively determining a click probability of a click action corresponding to each click source happening in the region (S200); for each click source, determining an abnormal click region corresponding to the click source according to the click probabilities (S300). The described solution determines abnormal click regions according to the click probabilities of the click actions corresponding to the click sources happening in the regions, without the need for manual identification, and with high accuracy and identification efficiency. | 1. A method for detecting abnormality in a click heatmap, comprising:
obtaining a first click heatmap; dividing the first click heatmap into a plurality of regions; determining, for each of the plurality of regions, a click probability of a click action corresponding to each click source occurring in said region; and determining, for each click source, an abnormal click region corresponding to said click source according to the click probability, wherein the abnormal click region is at least one of the plurality of regions. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein dividing the first click heatmap into the plurality of regions comprises:
dividing the first click heatmap evenly into rectangular regions, wherein: a quantity of the rectangular regions is row×col, row is a quantity of rows of the rectangular regions in the first click heatmap, and col is a quantity of columns of the rectangular regions in the first click heatmap. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein determining, for each click source, an abnormal click region corresponding to said click source according to the click probability comprises:
for each click source P, determining first relative entropy D1, of said click source P relative to other click sources P, to be:
D1=Σi=1,j=1 row,col d i,j p i,j log(p i,j /p i,j);
determining, under a condition that D1 is less than a first preset threshold, all of di,js when Σdi,j is maximum; and determining one of the rectangular regions as the abnormal click region, wherein the one of the rectangular regions corresponds to di,j equal to 0 in the di,js when Σdi,j is maximum; wherein i is a row number of the rectangular regions, j is a column number of the rectangular regions, di,j is a region-anomaly identifier, pi,j is the click probability of said click source P in a rectangular region at an i-th one of the rows and a j-th one of the columns, p i,j is the click probability of the other click sources P the rectangular region at the i-th one of the rows and the j-th one of the columns, and di,j is equal to 0 or 1. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein determining, for each click source, an abnormal click region corresponding to said click source according to the click probability comprises:
determining di,js corresponding to each click source when H is minimum, wherein H is a sum of second relative entropy of each click source relative to other click sources, and
H=Σ P∈U{Σi=1,j=1 row,col[d i,j p i,j log(p i,j /p i,j)+(1−d i,j) p i,j log( p i,j /δb)]};
determining, for each click source, one of the rectangular regions as the abnormal click region, wherein the one of the rectangular regions corresponds to di,j equal to 0 in the di,js corresponding to said click source; wherein i is a row number of the rectangular regions, j is a column number of the rectangular regions, di,j is a region-anomaly identifier, pi,j is the click probability of said click source P in a rectangular region at an i-th one of the rows and a j-th one of the columns, p i,j is the click probability of the other click sources P the rectangular region at the i-th one of the rows and the j-th one of the columns, di,j is equal to 0 or 1, δ is a penalty coefficient, b is a benchmark click probability, and b=1/(row×col). 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein determining, for each click source, an abnormal click region corresponding to said click source according to the click probability comprises:
determining, for each of the rectangular regions, a maximum among ratios of the click probability of every two click sources, corresponding to said rectangular region; and determining one of the rectangular regions as the abnormal click region, wherein the one of the rectangular regions corresponds to the maximum greater than a second preset threshold, the second preset threshold is greater than one, and the maximum is a ratio of the click probability, corresponding to the one of the rectangular regions, between said click source and another click source. 6. An apparatus for detecting abnormality in a click heatmap, comprising:
a click heatmap obtaining unit, configured to obtain a first click heatmap and divide the first click heatmap into a plurality of regions; a probability determination unit, configured to determine, for each of the plurality of regions, a click probability of a click action corresponding to each click source occurring in said region; and a region determination unit, configured to determine, for each click source, an abnormal click region corresponding to said click source according to the click probability, wherein the abnormal click region is at least one of the plurality of regions. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the click heatmap obtaining unit is further configured to:
divide the first click heatmap evenly into rectangular regions, wherein a quantity of the rectangular regions is row×col, row is a quantity of rows of the rectangular regions in the first click heatmap, and col is a quantity of columns of the rectangular regions in the first click heatmap. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the region determination unit is further configured to:
for each click source P,
determine first relative entropy D1, of said click source P relative to other click sources P, to be:
D1=Σi=1,j=1 row,col d i,j p i,j log(p i,j /p i,j);
determine, under a condition that D1 is less than a first preset threshold, all of di,js when Σdi,j is maximum; and
determine one of the rectangular regions as the abnormal click region, wherein the one of the rectangular regions corresponds to di,j equal to 0 in the di,js when Σdi,j is maximum;
wherein i is a row number of the rectangular regions, j is a column number of the rectangular regions, di,j is a region-anomaly identifier, pi,j is the click probability of said click source P in a rectangular region at an i-th one of the rows and a j-th one of the columns, p i,j is the click probability of the other click sources P the rectangular region at the i-th one of the rows and the j-th one of the columns, and di,j is equal to 0 or 1. 9. A storage medium, storing a storage program, wherein the program when executed controls a device comprising the storage medium to perform the method according to claim 1. 10. A processor, configured to execute a program, wherein when the processor executes the program, the method according to claim 1 is performed. | A click heatmap abnormality detection method and apparatus, comprising: obtaining a first click heatmap, and dividing the first click heatmap into a plurality of regions (S100); for each region among the plurality of regions, respectively determining a click probability of a click action corresponding to each click source happening in the region (S200); for each click source, determining an abnormal click region corresponding to the click source according to the click probabilities (S300). The described solution determines abnormal click regions according to the click probabilities of the click actions corresponding to the click sources happening in the regions, without the need for manual identification, and with high accuracy and identification efficiency.1. A method for detecting abnormality in a click heatmap, comprising:
obtaining a first click heatmap; dividing the first click heatmap into a plurality of regions; determining, for each of the plurality of regions, a click probability of a click action corresponding to each click source occurring in said region; and determining, for each click source, an abnormal click region corresponding to said click source according to the click probability, wherein the abnormal click region is at least one of the plurality of regions. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein dividing the first click heatmap into the plurality of regions comprises:
dividing the first click heatmap evenly into rectangular regions, wherein: a quantity of the rectangular regions is row×col, row is a quantity of rows of the rectangular regions in the first click heatmap, and col is a quantity of columns of the rectangular regions in the first click heatmap. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein determining, for each click source, an abnormal click region corresponding to said click source according to the click probability comprises:
for each click source P, determining first relative entropy D1, of said click source P relative to other click sources P, to be:
D1=Σi=1,j=1 row,col d i,j p i,j log(p i,j /p i,j);
determining, under a condition that D1 is less than a first preset threshold, all of di,js when Σdi,j is maximum; and determining one of the rectangular regions as the abnormal click region, wherein the one of the rectangular regions corresponds to di,j equal to 0 in the di,js when Σdi,j is maximum; wherein i is a row number of the rectangular regions, j is a column number of the rectangular regions, di,j is a region-anomaly identifier, pi,j is the click probability of said click source P in a rectangular region at an i-th one of the rows and a j-th one of the columns, p i,j is the click probability of the other click sources P the rectangular region at the i-th one of the rows and the j-th one of the columns, and di,j is equal to 0 or 1. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein determining, for each click source, an abnormal click region corresponding to said click source according to the click probability comprises:
determining di,js corresponding to each click source when H is minimum, wherein H is a sum of second relative entropy of each click source relative to other click sources, and
H=Σ P∈U{Σi=1,j=1 row,col[d i,j p i,j log(p i,j /p i,j)+(1−d i,j) p i,j log( p i,j /δb)]};
determining, for each click source, one of the rectangular regions as the abnormal click region, wherein the one of the rectangular regions corresponds to di,j equal to 0 in the di,js corresponding to said click source; wherein i is a row number of the rectangular regions, j is a column number of the rectangular regions, di,j is a region-anomaly identifier, pi,j is the click probability of said click source P in a rectangular region at an i-th one of the rows and a j-th one of the columns, p i,j is the click probability of the other click sources P the rectangular region at the i-th one of the rows and the j-th one of the columns, di,j is equal to 0 or 1, δ is a penalty coefficient, b is a benchmark click probability, and b=1/(row×col). 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein determining, for each click source, an abnormal click region corresponding to said click source according to the click probability comprises:
determining, for each of the rectangular regions, a maximum among ratios of the click probability of every two click sources, corresponding to said rectangular region; and determining one of the rectangular regions as the abnormal click region, wherein the one of the rectangular regions corresponds to the maximum greater than a second preset threshold, the second preset threshold is greater than one, and the maximum is a ratio of the click probability, corresponding to the one of the rectangular regions, between said click source and another click source. 6. An apparatus for detecting abnormality in a click heatmap, comprising:
a click heatmap obtaining unit, configured to obtain a first click heatmap and divide the first click heatmap into a plurality of regions; a probability determination unit, configured to determine, for each of the plurality of regions, a click probability of a click action corresponding to each click source occurring in said region; and a region determination unit, configured to determine, for each click source, an abnormal click region corresponding to said click source according to the click probability, wherein the abnormal click region is at least one of the plurality of regions. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the click heatmap obtaining unit is further configured to:
divide the first click heatmap evenly into rectangular regions, wherein a quantity of the rectangular regions is row×col, row is a quantity of rows of the rectangular regions in the first click heatmap, and col is a quantity of columns of the rectangular regions in the first click heatmap. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the region determination unit is further configured to:
for each click source P,
determine first relative entropy D1, of said click source P relative to other click sources P, to be:
D1=Σi=1,j=1 row,col d i,j p i,j log(p i,j /p i,j);
determine, under a condition that D1 is less than a first preset threshold, all of di,js when Σdi,j is maximum; and
determine one of the rectangular regions as the abnormal click region, wherein the one of the rectangular regions corresponds to di,j equal to 0 in the di,js when Σdi,j is maximum;
wherein i is a row number of the rectangular regions, j is a column number of the rectangular regions, di,j is a region-anomaly identifier, pi,j is the click probability of said click source P in a rectangular region at an i-th one of the rows and a j-th one of the columns, p i,j is the click probability of the other click sources P the rectangular region at the i-th one of the rows and the j-th one of the columns, and di,j is equal to 0 or 1. 9. A storage medium, storing a storage program, wherein the program when executed controls a device comprising the storage medium to perform the method according to claim 1. 10. A processor, configured to execute a program, wherein when the processor executes the program, the method according to claim 1 is performed. | 1,600 |
338,909 | 16,641,962 | 1,654 | The present invention relates to the field of optical effect layers (OEL) comprising magnetically oriented non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles on a substrate, spinneable magnetic assemblies and processes for producing said optical effect layers (OEL). In particular, the present invention relates to spinneable magnetic assemblies and processes for producing said OELs as anti-counterfeit means on security documents or security articles or for decorative purposes. | 1. An optical effect layer (OEL) comprising a radiation cured coating composition comprising non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles, said non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles being oriented according to an orientation pattern,
wherein the orientation pattern is circularly symmetric around a center of rotation, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at at least two distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′−sin(θ)|≥10°, and said optical effect layer providing an optical impression of at least one circularly moving spot or at least one comet-shaped spot rotating around said center of rotation upon tilting said OEL. 2. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein at least one part of the plurality of non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable particles is constituted by non- spherical oblate optically variable magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles. 3. The optical effect layer according to claim 2, wherein the optically variable magnetic or magnetizable pigments are selected from the group consisting of magnetic thin-film interference pigments, magnetic cholesteric liquid crystal pigments and mixtures thereof 4. The optical effect layer according claim 1, wherein the radiation cured coating composition is a UV-Vis radiation cured coating composition. 5. (canceled) 6. A security document or a decorative element or object comprising one or more optical effect layers (OELs) layer (OEL) recited in claim 1. 7. A printing apparatus for producing on a substrate the optical effect layer (OEL) recited in claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles are oriented with the magnetic field from at least one spinning magnetic assembly comprised in the apparatus, the spinning magnetic assembly having an axis of spinning, wherein the surface of the substrate provided with the OEL is substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning of the magnet assembly and comprising a magnetic-field generating device comprising:
a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or a bar dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and arranged on the axis of spinning wherein the disc-shaped dipole magnet, the loop-shaped dipole magnet or the bar dipole magnet of the magnetic-field generating device comprises at least one pair of indentations and/or at least one pair of voids and/or at least one pair of protrusions, wherein the indentations of the at least one pair, the voids of the at least one pair and/or the protrusions of the at least one pair are located: symmetrically about the axis of spinning, and asymmetrically with respect to a mirror plane of the disc-shaped dipole magnet, the loop-shaped dipole magnet or the bar dipole magnet, which is perpendicular to the North-South magnetic axis of the disc-shaped dipole magnet, the loop-shaped dipole magnet or the bar dipole magnet of the magnetic-field generating device and which contains the axis of spinning. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the magnetic-field generating device comprises the disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning or the loop-shaped, having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning. 9. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the indentations and/or voids and/or protrusions of the at least one pair are arranged in a symmetric configuration about the axis of spinning along a line, and
wherein the projection of the magnetization axis of the magnetic-field generating device and the projection of the line where the indentations and/or the voids and/or the protrusions are arranged along the axis of spinning onto a plane perpendicular to the axis of spinning form an angle either in the range from about 5° to about 175° or in the range from about −5° to about −175°. 10. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the magnetic-field generating device comprises at least one pair of indentations and/or at least one pair of voids. 11. The apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising a rotating magnetic cylinder or a flatbed printing unit, wherein the at least one spinning magnetic assembly is comprised in the rotating magnetic cylinder or the flatbed printing unit. 12. A process for producing the optical effect layer (OEL) recited claim 1 on a substrate, said process comprising the steps of:
i) applying on a substrate surface a radiation curable coating composition comprising non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles, said radiation curable coating composition being in a first state;
ii) exposing the radiation curable coating composition to a magnetic field of the printing apparatus, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles are oriented with the magnetic field from at least one spinning magnetic assembly comprised in the apparatus, the spinning magnetic assembly having an axis of spinning, wherein the surface of the substrate provided with the OEL is substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning of the magnet assembly and comprising a magnetic-field generating device comprising:
a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or
a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or
a bar dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and arranged on the axis of spinning
wherein the disc-shaped dipole magnet, the loop-shaped dipole magnet or the bar dipole magnet of the magnetic-field generating device comprises at least one pair of indentations and/or at least one pair of voids and/or at least one pair of protrusions, wherein the indentations of the at least one pair, the voids of the at least one pair and/or the protrusions of the at least one pair are located:
symmetrically about the axis of spinning,
and asymmetrically with respect to a mirror plane of the disc-shaped dipole magnet, the loop-shaped dipole magnet or the bar dipole magnet , which is perpendicular to the North-South magnetic axis of the disc-shaped dipole magnet, the loop-shaped dipole magnet or the bar dipole magnet of the magnetic-field generating device and which contains the axis of spinning so as to orient at least one part of the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles; and
iii) at least partially curing the radiation curable coating composition of step ii) to a second state so as to fix the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles in their adopted positions and orientations. 13. The process according to claim 12, wherein step iii) is carried out by UV-Vis light radiation curing and wherein step iii) is carried out partially simultaneously with the step ii). 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at at least two distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin(θ)|≥15°. 17. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at four distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin(θ)|≥10°. 18. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at four distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin(θ)|≥15°. 19. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein any loop-shaped dipole magnets are ring-shaped. 20. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the projection of the magnetization axis of the magnetic-field generating device and the projection of the line where the indentations and/or the voids and/or the protrusions are arranged along the axis of spinning onto a plane perpendicular to the axis of spinning form an angle in the range from about 15° to about 165° or in the range from about −15° to about −165°. | The present invention relates to the field of optical effect layers (OEL) comprising magnetically oriented non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles on a substrate, spinneable magnetic assemblies and processes for producing said optical effect layers (OEL). In particular, the present invention relates to spinneable magnetic assemblies and processes for producing said OELs as anti-counterfeit means on security documents or security articles or for decorative purposes.1. An optical effect layer (OEL) comprising a radiation cured coating composition comprising non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles, said non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles being oriented according to an orientation pattern,
wherein the orientation pattern is circularly symmetric around a center of rotation, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at at least two distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′−sin(θ)|≥10°, and said optical effect layer providing an optical impression of at least one circularly moving spot or at least one comet-shaped spot rotating around said center of rotation upon tilting said OEL. 2. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein at least one part of the plurality of non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable particles is constituted by non- spherical oblate optically variable magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles. 3. The optical effect layer according to claim 2, wherein the optically variable magnetic or magnetizable pigments are selected from the group consisting of magnetic thin-film interference pigments, magnetic cholesteric liquid crystal pigments and mixtures thereof 4. The optical effect layer according claim 1, wherein the radiation cured coating composition is a UV-Vis radiation cured coating composition. 5. (canceled) 6. A security document or a decorative element or object comprising one or more optical effect layers (OELs) layer (OEL) recited in claim 1. 7. A printing apparatus for producing on a substrate the optical effect layer (OEL) recited in claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles are oriented with the magnetic field from at least one spinning magnetic assembly comprised in the apparatus, the spinning magnetic assembly having an axis of spinning, wherein the surface of the substrate provided with the OEL is substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning of the magnet assembly and comprising a magnetic-field generating device comprising:
a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or a bar dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and arranged on the axis of spinning wherein the disc-shaped dipole magnet, the loop-shaped dipole magnet or the bar dipole magnet of the magnetic-field generating device comprises at least one pair of indentations and/or at least one pair of voids and/or at least one pair of protrusions, wherein the indentations of the at least one pair, the voids of the at least one pair and/or the protrusions of the at least one pair are located: symmetrically about the axis of spinning, and asymmetrically with respect to a mirror plane of the disc-shaped dipole magnet, the loop-shaped dipole magnet or the bar dipole magnet, which is perpendicular to the North-South magnetic axis of the disc-shaped dipole magnet, the loop-shaped dipole magnet or the bar dipole magnet of the magnetic-field generating device and which contains the axis of spinning. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the magnetic-field generating device comprises the disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning or the loop-shaped, having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning. 9. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the indentations and/or voids and/or protrusions of the at least one pair are arranged in a symmetric configuration about the axis of spinning along a line, and
wherein the projection of the magnetization axis of the magnetic-field generating device and the projection of the line where the indentations and/or the voids and/or the protrusions are arranged along the axis of spinning onto a plane perpendicular to the axis of spinning form an angle either in the range from about 5° to about 175° or in the range from about −5° to about −175°. 10. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the magnetic-field generating device comprises at least one pair of indentations and/or at least one pair of voids. 11. The apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising a rotating magnetic cylinder or a flatbed printing unit, wherein the at least one spinning magnetic assembly is comprised in the rotating magnetic cylinder or the flatbed printing unit. 12. A process for producing the optical effect layer (OEL) recited claim 1 on a substrate, said process comprising the steps of:
i) applying on a substrate surface a radiation curable coating composition comprising non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles, said radiation curable coating composition being in a first state;
ii) exposing the radiation curable coating composition to a magnetic field of the printing apparatus, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles are oriented with the magnetic field from at least one spinning magnetic assembly comprised in the apparatus, the spinning magnetic assembly having an axis of spinning, wherein the surface of the substrate provided with the OEL is substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning of the magnet assembly and comprising a magnetic-field generating device comprising:
a disc-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or
a loop-shaped dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning, or
a bar dipole magnet having its North-South magnetic axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of spinning and arranged on the axis of spinning
wherein the disc-shaped dipole magnet, the loop-shaped dipole magnet or the bar dipole magnet of the magnetic-field generating device comprises at least one pair of indentations and/or at least one pair of voids and/or at least one pair of protrusions, wherein the indentations of the at least one pair, the voids of the at least one pair and/or the protrusions of the at least one pair are located:
symmetrically about the axis of spinning,
and asymmetrically with respect to a mirror plane of the disc-shaped dipole magnet, the loop-shaped dipole magnet or the bar dipole magnet , which is perpendicular to the North-South magnetic axis of the disc-shaped dipole magnet, the loop-shaped dipole magnet or the bar dipole magnet of the magnetic-field generating device and which contains the axis of spinning so as to orient at least one part of the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles; and
iii) at least partially curing the radiation curable coating composition of step ii) to a second state so as to fix the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles in their adopted positions and orientations. 13. The process according to claim 12, wherein step iii) is carried out by UV-Vis light radiation curing and wherein step iii) is carried out partially simultaneously with the step ii). 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) 16. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at at least two distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin(θ)|≥15°. 17. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at four distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin(θ)|≥10°. 18. The optical effect layer according to claim 1, wherein the non-spherical oblate magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles at four distinct locations xi along any selected diameter of the OEL have an average zenithal deflection angle φ′ at location xi and an average azimuth angle θ with respect to the selected diameter at the same location xi that satisfy the condition |φ′ sin(θ)|≥15°. 19. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein any loop-shaped dipole magnets are ring-shaped. 20. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the projection of the magnetization axis of the magnetic-field generating device and the projection of the line where the indentations and/or the voids and/or the protrusions are arranged along the axis of spinning onto a plane perpendicular to the axis of spinning form an angle in the range from about 15° to about 165° or in the range from about −15° to about −165°. | 1,600 |
338,910 | 16,641,965 | 1,654 | The present disclosure discloses an active matrix organic light-emitting diode display device and a manufacturing method thereof. The method includes forming a sacrificial layer on a carrier layer; forming a flexible substrate on the sacrificial layer; forming a first insulating layer on the flexible substrate; forming at least one transition metal chalcogenide based backplane on the first insulating layer; and forming an opening unit after forming a capping layer on the at least one transition metal chalcogenide based backplane; and forming at least one active matrix organic light-emitting diode unit which is electrically connected to the at least one transition metal chalcogenide based backplane in the opening unit. | 1. A manufacturing method of an active matrix organic light-emitting diode display device, comprising:
forming a sacrificial layer on a carrier layer; forming a flexible substrate on the sacrificial layer; forming a first insulating layer on the flexible substrate; forming at least one transition metal chalcogenide based backplane on the first insulating layer; forming an opening unit after forming a capping layer on the at least one transition metal chalcogenide based backplane; and forming at least one active matrix organic light-emitting diode unit which is electrically connected to the at least one transition metal chalcogenide based backplane in the opening unit, wherein the forming of at least one transition metal chalcogenide based backplane includes: forming a first insulating layer on the flexible substrate; forming source/drain electrodes which are spaced apart from each other on the first insulating layer; forming a channel layer including transition metal chalcogenide in a channel region and the source/drain electrodes of the flexible substrate; doping the channel layer by forming a second insulating layer on the channel layer; and forming a gate electrode on the second insulation layer, and in the at least one transition metal chalcogenide based backplane, the channel region is doped with electrons by the doping and a contact portion of the source/drain electrodes with the channel layer is doped with electrons. 2. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, further comprising:
removing the sacrificial layer and the carrier layer. 3. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the active matrix organic light-emitting diode unit further includes:
forming a first electrode which is electrically connected to the at least one transition metal chalcogenide based backplane; forming an organic light emitting layer on the first electrode; and forming a second electrode on the organic light emitting layer. 4. The manufacturing method according to claim 3, wherein the organic light emitting layer includes a hole injection layer, a hole transporting layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transporting layer, and an electron injection layer. 5. The manufacturing method according to claim 3, wherein the first electrode is a transparent electrode. 6. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the transition metal chalcogenide is a single layer or a multilayered structure. 7. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are formed of the same material. 8. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the channel layer is any one of a single layer, a double layer, and a multiple layer. 9. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the first insulating layer or the second insulating layer is any one of alumina (Al2O3), silica (SiO2), hafnium oxide (HfO2), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), zinc oxide (ZnO)m and titanium oxide (TiO2). 10. An active matrix organic light-emitting diode display device manufactured by the method according to claim 1. | The present disclosure discloses an active matrix organic light-emitting diode display device and a manufacturing method thereof. The method includes forming a sacrificial layer on a carrier layer; forming a flexible substrate on the sacrificial layer; forming a first insulating layer on the flexible substrate; forming at least one transition metal chalcogenide based backplane on the first insulating layer; and forming an opening unit after forming a capping layer on the at least one transition metal chalcogenide based backplane; and forming at least one active matrix organic light-emitting diode unit which is electrically connected to the at least one transition metal chalcogenide based backplane in the opening unit.1. A manufacturing method of an active matrix organic light-emitting diode display device, comprising:
forming a sacrificial layer on a carrier layer; forming a flexible substrate on the sacrificial layer; forming a first insulating layer on the flexible substrate; forming at least one transition metal chalcogenide based backplane on the first insulating layer; forming an opening unit after forming a capping layer on the at least one transition metal chalcogenide based backplane; and forming at least one active matrix organic light-emitting diode unit which is electrically connected to the at least one transition metal chalcogenide based backplane in the opening unit, wherein the forming of at least one transition metal chalcogenide based backplane includes: forming a first insulating layer on the flexible substrate; forming source/drain electrodes which are spaced apart from each other on the first insulating layer; forming a channel layer including transition metal chalcogenide in a channel region and the source/drain electrodes of the flexible substrate; doping the channel layer by forming a second insulating layer on the channel layer; and forming a gate electrode on the second insulation layer, and in the at least one transition metal chalcogenide based backplane, the channel region is doped with electrons by the doping and a contact portion of the source/drain electrodes with the channel layer is doped with electrons. 2. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, further comprising:
removing the sacrificial layer and the carrier layer. 3. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the active matrix organic light-emitting diode unit further includes:
forming a first electrode which is electrically connected to the at least one transition metal chalcogenide based backplane; forming an organic light emitting layer on the first electrode; and forming a second electrode on the organic light emitting layer. 4. The manufacturing method according to claim 3, wherein the organic light emitting layer includes a hole injection layer, a hole transporting layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transporting layer, and an electron injection layer. 5. The manufacturing method according to claim 3, wherein the first electrode is a transparent electrode. 6. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the transition metal chalcogenide is a single layer or a multilayered structure. 7. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are formed of the same material. 8. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the channel layer is any one of a single layer, a double layer, and a multiple layer. 9. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the first insulating layer or the second insulating layer is any one of alumina (Al2O3), silica (SiO2), hafnium oxide (HfO2), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), zinc oxide (ZnO)m and titanium oxide (TiO2). 10. An active matrix organic light-emitting diode display device manufactured by the method according to claim 1. | 1,600 |
338,911 | 16,641,976 | 1,654 | A superhydrophobic surface includes a substrate treated with a composition including a hydrophobic matrix component free of fluorine; filler particles, wherein the filler particles are plant-based elements of a size ranging from 100 nm to 100 μm; and water, wherein the hydrophobic component is in an aqueous dispersion, and wherein the surface exhibits a water contact angle of 150° or greater. Also, a disposable absorbent article includes a substrate having a surface, the surface including a composition including a hydrophobic matrix component free of fluorine; filler particles, wherein the filler particles are plant-based elements of a size ranging from 100 nm to 100 μm, wherein the plant-based elements include micro- and nano-fibrillated cellulose; and water, wherein the hydrophobic component is in an aqueous dispersion, and wherein the surface exhibits a water contact angle of 150° or greater. | 1. A superhydrophobic surface comprising a substrate treated with a composition comprising:
a hydrophobic matrix component free of fluorine; filler particles, wherein the filler particles are plant-based elements of a size ranging from 100 nm to 100 μm; and water, wherein the hydrophobic component is in an aqueous dispersion, and wherein the surface exhibits a water contact angle of 150° or greater. 2. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 1, wherein the plant-based elements include micro- and nano-fibrillated cellulose. 3. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 1, wherein the plant-based elements include lycopodium. 4. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic matrix component is a polymer. 5. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic matrix component includes a polyolefin, a natural wax, or a synthetic wax. 6. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 5, wherein the natural wax is carnauba wax or beeswax. 7. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 5, wherein the synthetic wax is a polyolefin wax. 8. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 1, further comprising an emulsifier. 9. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic matrix component includes a co-polymer of olefin and acrylic acid. 10. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic matrix component includes an alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) emulsion. 11. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 1, wherein the composition is free of volatile organic compounds. 12. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic matrix component and plant-based elements are present in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 10.0%, by weight of the dispersion. 13. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a nonwoven web or a tissue product. 14. A superhydrophobic surface comprising a substrate treated with a composition comprising:
a hydrophobic matrix component free of fluorine; filler particles, wherein the filler particles are plant-based elements of a size ranging from 100 nm to 100 μm, wherein the plant-based elements include micro- and nano-fibrillated cellulose; and water, wherein the hydrophobic component is in an aqueous dispersion, and wherein the surface exhibits a water contact angle of 150° or greater. 15. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 14, wherein the hydrophobic matrix component is a polymer, a polyolefin, a natural wax, or a synthetic wax. 16. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 15, wherein the natural wax is carnauba wax or beeswax. 17. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 15, wherein the synthetic wax is a polyolefin wax. 18. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 14, further comprising an emulsifier. 19. A disposable absorbent article comprising a substrate having a surface, the surface including a composition comprising
a hydrophobic matrix component free of fluorine; filler particles, wherein the filler particles are plant-based elements of a size ranging from 100 nm to 100 μm, wherein the plant-based elements include micro- and nano-fibrillated cellulose; and water, wherein the hydrophobic component is in an aqueous dispersion, and wherein the surface exhibits a water contact angle of 150° or greater. 20. The disposable absorbent article of claim 19, wherein the substrate is a nonwoven web or a tissue product. | A superhydrophobic surface includes a substrate treated with a composition including a hydrophobic matrix component free of fluorine; filler particles, wherein the filler particles are plant-based elements of a size ranging from 100 nm to 100 μm; and water, wherein the hydrophobic component is in an aqueous dispersion, and wherein the surface exhibits a water contact angle of 150° or greater. Also, a disposable absorbent article includes a substrate having a surface, the surface including a composition including a hydrophobic matrix component free of fluorine; filler particles, wherein the filler particles are plant-based elements of a size ranging from 100 nm to 100 μm, wherein the plant-based elements include micro- and nano-fibrillated cellulose; and water, wherein the hydrophobic component is in an aqueous dispersion, and wherein the surface exhibits a water contact angle of 150° or greater.1. A superhydrophobic surface comprising a substrate treated with a composition comprising:
a hydrophobic matrix component free of fluorine; filler particles, wherein the filler particles are plant-based elements of a size ranging from 100 nm to 100 μm; and water, wherein the hydrophobic component is in an aqueous dispersion, and wherein the surface exhibits a water contact angle of 150° or greater. 2. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 1, wherein the plant-based elements include micro- and nano-fibrillated cellulose. 3. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 1, wherein the plant-based elements include lycopodium. 4. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic matrix component is a polymer. 5. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic matrix component includes a polyolefin, a natural wax, or a synthetic wax. 6. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 5, wherein the natural wax is carnauba wax or beeswax. 7. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 5, wherein the synthetic wax is a polyolefin wax. 8. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 1, further comprising an emulsifier. 9. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic matrix component includes a co-polymer of olefin and acrylic acid. 10. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic matrix component includes an alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) emulsion. 11. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 1, wherein the composition is free of volatile organic compounds. 12. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic matrix component and plant-based elements are present in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 10.0%, by weight of the dispersion. 13. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a nonwoven web or a tissue product. 14. A superhydrophobic surface comprising a substrate treated with a composition comprising:
a hydrophobic matrix component free of fluorine; filler particles, wherein the filler particles are plant-based elements of a size ranging from 100 nm to 100 μm, wherein the plant-based elements include micro- and nano-fibrillated cellulose; and water, wherein the hydrophobic component is in an aqueous dispersion, and wherein the surface exhibits a water contact angle of 150° or greater. 15. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 14, wherein the hydrophobic matrix component is a polymer, a polyolefin, a natural wax, or a synthetic wax. 16. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 15, wherein the natural wax is carnauba wax or beeswax. 17. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 15, wherein the synthetic wax is a polyolefin wax. 18. The superhydrophobic surface of claim 14, further comprising an emulsifier. 19. A disposable absorbent article comprising a substrate having a surface, the surface including a composition comprising
a hydrophobic matrix component free of fluorine; filler particles, wherein the filler particles are plant-based elements of a size ranging from 100 nm to 100 μm, wherein the plant-based elements include micro- and nano-fibrillated cellulose; and water, wherein the hydrophobic component is in an aqueous dispersion, and wherein the surface exhibits a water contact angle of 150° or greater. 20. The disposable absorbent article of claim 19, wherein the substrate is a nonwoven web or a tissue product. | 1,600 |
338,912 | 16,641,947 | 1,654 | An embodiment of the invention provides a method and apparatus for partitioning an electronic fence, relating to the technical field of computers. The method in the embodiment of the invention comprises: partitioning a coordinate system of a planimetric map, and taking one vertex of each partition in the same direction as a base point; generalizing, according to a predetermined rule, a station to the base point corresponding to the partition where the station is located; mapping, according to the predetermined rule, a vehicle position to the base point corresponding to the partition where the vehicle position is located, wherein all the stations included in the base point are stations where a vehicle may appear; and acquiring electronic fence information of the stations where the vehicle may appear, and comparing vehicle position information with the electronic fence information of the stations where the vehicle may appear so as to determine whether the vehicle enters or leaves the stations. In the embodiment of the invention, by partitioning the coordinate system of the planimetric map, and comparing the vehicle position information with the electronic fence information of the stations where the vehicle may appear, time complexity of a determination program is reduced, and occupation of hard disk read resources is reduced at the same time. | 1. A method for partitioning an electronic fence, characterized by comprising:
partitioning a coordinate system of a planimetric map, and taking one vertex of each partition in the same direction as a base point; generalizing, according to a predetermined rule, a station to the base point corresponding to the partition where the station is located; mapping, according to the predetermined rule, a vehicle position to the base point corresponding to the partition where the vehicle position is located, all the stations included in the base point are stations where a vehicle may appear; and acquiring electronic fence information of the stations where the vehicle may appear, and comparing vehicle position information with the electronic fence information of the stations where the vehicle may appear so as to determine whether the vehicle enters or leaves the stations. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the base point is a vertex of an upper right corner of the partition; a horizontal coordinate of the coordinate system is a longitude, and a vertical coordinate thereof is a latitude; and the predetermined rule is a rule where the longitude increases and the latitude increases. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the generalizing, according to a predetermined rule, a station to the base point corresponding to the partition where the station is located comprises:
using a function f(x,y) to convert, according to the predetermined rule, all coordinates in each of the partitions into base point coordinates corresponding to the partitions, wherein all coordinates of a common edge of two adjacent partitions are converted into base point coordinates corresponding to the two partitions, where x is the longitude, and y is the latitude; mapping the electronic fence information of the station to the base point corresponding to the partition where the station is located via the function f(x,y); storing the base point coordinates and the electronic fence information of all the stations included in the base point. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the storing the base point coordinates and the electronic fence information of all the stations included in the base point comprises: using the base point coordinates as a key, and using the electronic fence information of all the stations included in the base point as a value for storage in a server. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the mapping, according to the predetermined rule, a vehicle position to the base point corresponding to the partition where the vehicle position is located comprises: mapping the vehicle position to the base point corresponding to the partition where the vehicle position is located via the function f(x,y). 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the partitioning a coordinate system of a planimetric map comprises: partitioning each of the partitions again when the total number of the stations in the partition exceeds a preset number of times of the number of the base points. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the partitioning a coordinate system of a planimetric map comprises: evenly partitioning the corresponding partition into four pieces when the total number of the stations in the partition exceeds four times of the number of the base points. 8. An apparatus for partitioning an electronic fence, characterized by comprising:
a coordinate system partitioning unit for partitioning a coordinate system of a planimetric map, and taking one vertex of each partition in the same direction as a base point; a station generalizing unit for generalizing, according to a predetermined rule, a station to the base point corresponding to the partition where the station is located; a vehicle position mapping unit for mapping, according to the predetermined rule, a vehicle position to the base point corresponding to the partition where the vehicle position is located, all the stations included in the base point are stations where a vehicle may appear; and a determining unit for acquiring electronic fence information of the stations where the vehicle may appear, and comparing vehicle position information with the electronic fence information of the stations where the vehicle may appear so as to determine whether the vehicle enters or leaves the stations. 9. An electronic device, characterized by comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory for storing one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method according to claim 1. 10. (canceled) | An embodiment of the invention provides a method and apparatus for partitioning an electronic fence, relating to the technical field of computers. The method in the embodiment of the invention comprises: partitioning a coordinate system of a planimetric map, and taking one vertex of each partition in the same direction as a base point; generalizing, according to a predetermined rule, a station to the base point corresponding to the partition where the station is located; mapping, according to the predetermined rule, a vehicle position to the base point corresponding to the partition where the vehicle position is located, wherein all the stations included in the base point are stations where a vehicle may appear; and acquiring electronic fence information of the stations where the vehicle may appear, and comparing vehicle position information with the electronic fence information of the stations where the vehicle may appear so as to determine whether the vehicle enters or leaves the stations. In the embodiment of the invention, by partitioning the coordinate system of the planimetric map, and comparing the vehicle position information with the electronic fence information of the stations where the vehicle may appear, time complexity of a determination program is reduced, and occupation of hard disk read resources is reduced at the same time.1. A method for partitioning an electronic fence, characterized by comprising:
partitioning a coordinate system of a planimetric map, and taking one vertex of each partition in the same direction as a base point; generalizing, according to a predetermined rule, a station to the base point corresponding to the partition where the station is located; mapping, according to the predetermined rule, a vehicle position to the base point corresponding to the partition where the vehicle position is located, all the stations included in the base point are stations where a vehicle may appear; and acquiring electronic fence information of the stations where the vehicle may appear, and comparing vehicle position information with the electronic fence information of the stations where the vehicle may appear so as to determine whether the vehicle enters or leaves the stations. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the base point is a vertex of an upper right corner of the partition; a horizontal coordinate of the coordinate system is a longitude, and a vertical coordinate thereof is a latitude; and the predetermined rule is a rule where the longitude increases and the latitude increases. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the generalizing, according to a predetermined rule, a station to the base point corresponding to the partition where the station is located comprises:
using a function f(x,y) to convert, according to the predetermined rule, all coordinates in each of the partitions into base point coordinates corresponding to the partitions, wherein all coordinates of a common edge of two adjacent partitions are converted into base point coordinates corresponding to the two partitions, where x is the longitude, and y is the latitude; mapping the electronic fence information of the station to the base point corresponding to the partition where the station is located via the function f(x,y); storing the base point coordinates and the electronic fence information of all the stations included in the base point. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the storing the base point coordinates and the electronic fence information of all the stations included in the base point comprises: using the base point coordinates as a key, and using the electronic fence information of all the stations included in the base point as a value for storage in a server. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the mapping, according to the predetermined rule, a vehicle position to the base point corresponding to the partition where the vehicle position is located comprises: mapping the vehicle position to the base point corresponding to the partition where the vehicle position is located via the function f(x,y). 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the partitioning a coordinate system of a planimetric map comprises: partitioning each of the partitions again when the total number of the stations in the partition exceeds a preset number of times of the number of the base points. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the partitioning a coordinate system of a planimetric map comprises: evenly partitioning the corresponding partition into four pieces when the total number of the stations in the partition exceeds four times of the number of the base points. 8. An apparatus for partitioning an electronic fence, characterized by comprising:
a coordinate system partitioning unit for partitioning a coordinate system of a planimetric map, and taking one vertex of each partition in the same direction as a base point; a station generalizing unit for generalizing, according to a predetermined rule, a station to the base point corresponding to the partition where the station is located; a vehicle position mapping unit for mapping, according to the predetermined rule, a vehicle position to the base point corresponding to the partition where the vehicle position is located, all the stations included in the base point are stations where a vehicle may appear; and a determining unit for acquiring electronic fence information of the stations where the vehicle may appear, and comparing vehicle position information with the electronic fence information of the stations where the vehicle may appear so as to determine whether the vehicle enters or leaves the stations. 9. An electronic device, characterized by comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory for storing one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method according to claim 1. 10. (canceled) | 1,600 |
338,913 | 16,641,961 | 1,654 | A method comprising computing a plurality of curved, wherein the curved lines correspond to a boundary of a graphical in shape, computing buffers, and subdividing the curved lines to form a plurality of monotonic curved lines, computing a polygon for each curved line, wherein each polygon covers a line segment, calculating a signed distance for each pixel between the pixel and a point on the line segment extending across the relevant polygon that is closest to the pixel, reading from the buffer a stored signed distance for the relevant pixel and if the signed distance is less than the stored signed distance, writing the signed distance to the distance buffer, using the one or more signed distances to calculate one or more blending factors and using the one or more blending factors to blend the polygon thereby rendering the graphical shape. | 1. A method comprising:
computing a plurality of curved lines in screen coordinates, wherein the curved lines correspond to a boundary of a graphical shape; computing a distance buffer and a render buffer, wherein the buffers have identical dimensions and an identical camera position; subdividing the curved lines to form a plurality of monotonic curved lines; for each vertex of the monotonic curved lines:
determining a subjacent vertex of the monotonic curved lines that is immediately below the relevant vertex;
determining a row disposed between the relevant vertex and the subjacent vertex;
computing a plurality of first quads, wherein each of the first quads covers a line segment of one of the monotonic curved lines that extends across the row;
computing one or more second quads, wherein each of the second quads is disposed inside the boundary of the graphical shape and between a pair of the first quads; and
horizontally feathering each side of each of the first quads by an antialiasing distance, wherein the relevant side faces one of the second quads;
for each pixel of each of the first quads:
calculating a signed distance between the relevant pixel and a point on the line segment extending across the relevant first quad that is closest to the relevant pixel;
reading from the distance buffer a stored signed distance for the relevant pixel; and
if the signed distance is less than the stored signed distance, writing the signed distance to the distance buffer;
for each pixel of each of the second quads, writing a maximum negative signed distance to the distance buffer; rendering the first and second quads to the render buffer; reading one or more signed distances from the distance buffer corresponding to the first and second quads; using the one or more signed distances to calculate one or more blending factors; and using the one or more blending factors to blend the first and second quads in the render buffer thereby rendering the graphical shape. 2. The method may further comprise:
computing a plurality of distance buffers corresponding to a plurality of graphical shapes; iterating through the graphical shapes in z-order; assigning the graphical shapes to the distance buffers so that each of the distance buffers only comprises graphical shapes that:
do not overlap; or
overlap and comprise a common fill shader; and
rendering the graphical shapes to the render buffer. 3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising performing a geometric operation on each set of overlapping graphical shapes before assigning the set of overlapping graphical shapes to the relevant distance buffer. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the geometric operation comprises a union operation. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the geometric operation comprises an intersection operation. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the curved lines comprise Bézier curves. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the curved lines comprise cubic Bézier curves. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the curved lines comprise quadratic Bézier curves. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the signed distances that are calculated for the first quads are calculated using a cubic equation. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more blending factors are calculated using a sigmoid shaped curve. 11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method is executed on a graphics processor unit. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method is executed in real-time. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the method is executed in real-time on a graphics processor unit. 14. A method comprising:
computing a plurality of line segments in screen coordinates, wherein the line segments correspond to a boundary of a graphical shape; computing a distance buffer and a render buffer, wherein the buffers have identical dimensions and an identical camera position; computing a plurality of lines and triangles, wherein each of the lines and triangles covers a line segment; extruding each line and triangle by an antialiasing distance into a polygon covering the line segment; and for each pixel of each polygon:
calculating a signed distance between the relevant pixel and a point on the line segment extending across the relevant polygon that is closest to the relevant pixel;
reading from the distance buffer a stored signed distance for the relevant pixel; and
if the signed distance is less than the stored signed distance, writing the signed distance to the distance buffer;
rendering each polygon in the render buffer; reading one or more signed distances from the distance buffer corresponding to the polygon; using the one or more signed distances to calculate one or more blending factors; and using the one or more blending factors to blend the polygon in the render buffer thereby rendering the graphical shape. 15. A system for rendering a graphical shape, the system comprising a graphics processor unit configured to:
compute a plurality of curved lines in screen coordinates, wherein the curved lines correspond to a boundary of a graphical shape; compute a distance buffer and a render buffer, wherein the buffers have identical dimensions and an identical camera position; subdivide the curved lines to form a plurality of monotonic curved lines; for each vertex of the monotonic curved lines:
determine a subjacent vertex of the monotonic curved lines that is immediately below the relevant vertex;
determine a row disposed between the relevant vertex and the subjacent vertex;
compute a plurality of first quads, wherein each of the first quads covers a line segment of one of the monotonic curved lines that extends across the row;
compute one or more second quads, wherein each of the second quads is disposed inside the boundary of the graphical shape and between a pair of the first quads; and
horizontally feather each side of each of the first quads by an antialiasing distance, wherein the relevant side faces one of the second quads;
for each pixel of each of the first quads:
calculate a signed distance between the relevant pixel and a point on the line segment extending across the relevant first quad that is closest to the relevant pixel;
read from the distance buffer a stored signed distance for the relevant pixel; and
if the signed distance is less than the stored signed distance, write the signed distance to the distance buffer;
for each pixel of each of the second quads, write a maximum negative signed distance to the distance buffer; render the first and second quads to the render buffer; read one or more signed distances from the distance buffer corresponding to the first and second quads; use the one or more signed distances to calculate one or more blending factors; and use the one or more blending factors to blend the first and second quads in the render buffer thereby rendering the graphical shape. 16. A computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, comprising:
computing a plurality of curved lines in screen coordinates, wherein the curved lines correspond to a boundary of a graphical shape; computing a distance buffer and a render buffer, wherein the buffers have identical dimensions and an identical camera position; subdividing the curved lines to form a plurality of monotonic curved lines; for each vertex of the monotonic curved lines:
determining a subjacent vertex of the monotonic curved lines that is immediately below the relevant vertex;
determining a row disposed between the relevant vertex and the subjacent vertex;
computing a plurality of first quads, wherein each of the first quads covers a line segment of one of the monotonic curved lines that extends across the row;
computing one or more second quads, wherein each of the second quads is disposed inside the boundary of the graphical shape and between a pair of the first quads; and
horizontally feathering each side of each of the first quads by an antialiasing distance, wherein the relevant side faces one of the second quads;
for each pixel of each of the first quads:
calculating a signed distance between the relevant pixel and a point on the line segment extending across the relevant first quad that is closest to the relevant pixel;
reading from the distance buffer a stored signed distance for the relevant pixel; and
if the signed distance is less than the stored signed distance, writing the signed distance to the distance buffer;
for each pixel of each of the second quads, writing a maximum negative signed distance to the distance buffer; rendering the first and second quads to the render buffer; reading one or more signed distances from the distance buffer corresponding to the first and second quads; using the one or more signed distances to calculate one or more blending factors; and using the one or more blending factors to blend the first and second quads in the render buffer thereby rendering the graphical shape. | A method comprising computing a plurality of curved, wherein the curved lines correspond to a boundary of a graphical in shape, computing buffers, and subdividing the curved lines to form a plurality of monotonic curved lines, computing a polygon for each curved line, wherein each polygon covers a line segment, calculating a signed distance for each pixel between the pixel and a point on the line segment extending across the relevant polygon that is closest to the pixel, reading from the buffer a stored signed distance for the relevant pixel and if the signed distance is less than the stored signed distance, writing the signed distance to the distance buffer, using the one or more signed distances to calculate one or more blending factors and using the one or more blending factors to blend the polygon thereby rendering the graphical shape.1. A method comprising:
computing a plurality of curved lines in screen coordinates, wherein the curved lines correspond to a boundary of a graphical shape; computing a distance buffer and a render buffer, wherein the buffers have identical dimensions and an identical camera position; subdividing the curved lines to form a plurality of monotonic curved lines; for each vertex of the monotonic curved lines:
determining a subjacent vertex of the monotonic curved lines that is immediately below the relevant vertex;
determining a row disposed between the relevant vertex and the subjacent vertex;
computing a plurality of first quads, wherein each of the first quads covers a line segment of one of the monotonic curved lines that extends across the row;
computing one or more second quads, wherein each of the second quads is disposed inside the boundary of the graphical shape and between a pair of the first quads; and
horizontally feathering each side of each of the first quads by an antialiasing distance, wherein the relevant side faces one of the second quads;
for each pixel of each of the first quads:
calculating a signed distance between the relevant pixel and a point on the line segment extending across the relevant first quad that is closest to the relevant pixel;
reading from the distance buffer a stored signed distance for the relevant pixel; and
if the signed distance is less than the stored signed distance, writing the signed distance to the distance buffer;
for each pixel of each of the second quads, writing a maximum negative signed distance to the distance buffer; rendering the first and second quads to the render buffer; reading one or more signed distances from the distance buffer corresponding to the first and second quads; using the one or more signed distances to calculate one or more blending factors; and using the one or more blending factors to blend the first and second quads in the render buffer thereby rendering the graphical shape. 2. The method may further comprise:
computing a plurality of distance buffers corresponding to a plurality of graphical shapes; iterating through the graphical shapes in z-order; assigning the graphical shapes to the distance buffers so that each of the distance buffers only comprises graphical shapes that:
do not overlap; or
overlap and comprise a common fill shader; and
rendering the graphical shapes to the render buffer. 3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising performing a geometric operation on each set of overlapping graphical shapes before assigning the set of overlapping graphical shapes to the relevant distance buffer. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the geometric operation comprises a union operation. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the geometric operation comprises an intersection operation. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the curved lines comprise Bézier curves. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the curved lines comprise cubic Bézier curves. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the curved lines comprise quadratic Bézier curves. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the signed distances that are calculated for the first quads are calculated using a cubic equation. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more blending factors are calculated using a sigmoid shaped curve. 11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method is executed on a graphics processor unit. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method is executed in real-time. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the method is executed in real-time on a graphics processor unit. 14. A method comprising:
computing a plurality of line segments in screen coordinates, wherein the line segments correspond to a boundary of a graphical shape; computing a distance buffer and a render buffer, wherein the buffers have identical dimensions and an identical camera position; computing a plurality of lines and triangles, wherein each of the lines and triangles covers a line segment; extruding each line and triangle by an antialiasing distance into a polygon covering the line segment; and for each pixel of each polygon:
calculating a signed distance between the relevant pixel and a point on the line segment extending across the relevant polygon that is closest to the relevant pixel;
reading from the distance buffer a stored signed distance for the relevant pixel; and
if the signed distance is less than the stored signed distance, writing the signed distance to the distance buffer;
rendering each polygon in the render buffer; reading one or more signed distances from the distance buffer corresponding to the polygon; using the one or more signed distances to calculate one or more blending factors; and using the one or more blending factors to blend the polygon in the render buffer thereby rendering the graphical shape. 15. A system for rendering a graphical shape, the system comprising a graphics processor unit configured to:
compute a plurality of curved lines in screen coordinates, wherein the curved lines correspond to a boundary of a graphical shape; compute a distance buffer and a render buffer, wherein the buffers have identical dimensions and an identical camera position; subdivide the curved lines to form a plurality of monotonic curved lines; for each vertex of the monotonic curved lines:
determine a subjacent vertex of the monotonic curved lines that is immediately below the relevant vertex;
determine a row disposed between the relevant vertex and the subjacent vertex;
compute a plurality of first quads, wherein each of the first quads covers a line segment of one of the monotonic curved lines that extends across the row;
compute one or more second quads, wherein each of the second quads is disposed inside the boundary of the graphical shape and between a pair of the first quads; and
horizontally feather each side of each of the first quads by an antialiasing distance, wherein the relevant side faces one of the second quads;
for each pixel of each of the first quads:
calculate a signed distance between the relevant pixel and a point on the line segment extending across the relevant first quad that is closest to the relevant pixel;
read from the distance buffer a stored signed distance for the relevant pixel; and
if the signed distance is less than the stored signed distance, write the signed distance to the distance buffer;
for each pixel of each of the second quads, write a maximum negative signed distance to the distance buffer; render the first and second quads to the render buffer; read one or more signed distances from the distance buffer corresponding to the first and second quads; use the one or more signed distances to calculate one or more blending factors; and use the one or more blending factors to blend the first and second quads in the render buffer thereby rendering the graphical shape. 16. A computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, comprising:
computing a plurality of curved lines in screen coordinates, wherein the curved lines correspond to a boundary of a graphical shape; computing a distance buffer and a render buffer, wherein the buffers have identical dimensions and an identical camera position; subdividing the curved lines to form a plurality of monotonic curved lines; for each vertex of the monotonic curved lines:
determining a subjacent vertex of the monotonic curved lines that is immediately below the relevant vertex;
determining a row disposed between the relevant vertex and the subjacent vertex;
computing a plurality of first quads, wherein each of the first quads covers a line segment of one of the monotonic curved lines that extends across the row;
computing one or more second quads, wherein each of the second quads is disposed inside the boundary of the graphical shape and between a pair of the first quads; and
horizontally feathering each side of each of the first quads by an antialiasing distance, wherein the relevant side faces one of the second quads;
for each pixel of each of the first quads:
calculating a signed distance between the relevant pixel and a point on the line segment extending across the relevant first quad that is closest to the relevant pixel;
reading from the distance buffer a stored signed distance for the relevant pixel; and
if the signed distance is less than the stored signed distance, writing the signed distance to the distance buffer;
for each pixel of each of the second quads, writing a maximum negative signed distance to the distance buffer; rendering the first and second quads to the render buffer; reading one or more signed distances from the distance buffer corresponding to the first and second quads; using the one or more signed distances to calculate one or more blending factors; and using the one or more blending factors to blend the first and second quads in the render buffer thereby rendering the graphical shape. | 1,600 |
338,914 | 16,641,987 | 1,654 | The magnetic core material for electrophotographic developer, satisfying a value of Formula (1): a+b×10+c+d+e+f, being from 20 to 150, when a fluoride ion amount is denoted by a (ppm), a chloride ion amount is denoted by b (ppm), a bromide ion amount is denoted by c (ppm), a nitrite ion amount is denoted by d (ppm), a nitrate ion amount is denoted by e (ppm), and a sulfate ion amount is denoted by f (ppm), which are measured by a combustion ion chromatography method. | 1. A magnetic core material for electrophotographic developer, satisfying a value of Formula (1): a+b×10+c+d+e+f, being from 20 to 150, when a fluoride ion amount is denoted by a (ppm), a chloride ion amount is denoted by b (ppm), a bromide ion amount is denoted by c (ppm), a nitrite ion amount is denoted by d (ppm), a nitrate ion amount is denoted by e (ppm), and a sulfate ion amount is denoted by f (ppm), which are measured by a combustion ion chromatography method. 2. The magnetic core material for electrophotographic developer according to claim 1, wherein in a number distribution of a ratio A of a perimeter to an envelope perimeter, a ratio of particles having the ratio A of 1.08 or more is 10% or less. 3. The magnetic core material for electrophotographic developer according to claim 1, wherein the value of Formula (1) is from 30 to 100. 4. The magnetic core material for electrophotographic developer according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of particles having the ratio A of 1.08 or more is 8% or less. 5. The magnetic core material for electrophotographic developer according to any one of claim 1, wherein the magnetic core material has a volume average particle diameter (D50) being from 25 to 50 and an apparent density (AD) being from 2.0 to 2.7 g/cm3. 6. The magnetic core material for electrophotographic developer according to any one of claim 1, wherein the magnetic core material has a ferrite composition comprising at least one element selected from Mn, Mg, Li, Sr, Si, Ca, Ti, and Zr. 7. A carrier for electrophotographic developer comprising the magnetic core material for electrophotographic developer as described in claim 1 and a coating layer comprising a resin provided on a surface of the magnetic core material. 8. A developer comprising the carrier as described in claim 7 and a toner. 9. A method for producing the magnetic core material for electrophotographic developer as described in any one of claim 1,
wherein the method comprises the following steps:
a step of pulverizing and mixing raw materials of the magnetic core material to produce a pulverized product,
a step of calcining the pulverized product to produce a calcined product,
a step of pulverizing and granulating the calcined product to produce a granulated product,
a step of sintering the granulated product to produce a sintered product, and
a step of disintegrating and classifying the sintered product; and
wherein in the production of the granulated product, a washing operation is performed in a manner that water is added to the calcined product, followed by performing wet pulverization to form a slurry, and after dehydrating the slurry obtained, water is added again, followed by performing wet pulverization. 10. The method for producing the magnetic core material for electrophotographic developer according to claim 9, wherein in the washing operation, a step of adding water after dehydration of the slurry, followed by performing wet pulverization is repeated. 11. A method for producing a carrier for electrophotographic developer comprising:
producing a magnetic core material by the method as described in claim 9 and then, coating a surface of the magnetic core material with a resin. 12. A method for producing a developer comprising:
producing a carrier by the method as described in claim 11 and then, mixing the carrier with a toner. | The magnetic core material for electrophotographic developer, satisfying a value of Formula (1): a+b×10+c+d+e+f, being from 20 to 150, when a fluoride ion amount is denoted by a (ppm), a chloride ion amount is denoted by b (ppm), a bromide ion amount is denoted by c (ppm), a nitrite ion amount is denoted by d (ppm), a nitrate ion amount is denoted by e (ppm), and a sulfate ion amount is denoted by f (ppm), which are measured by a combustion ion chromatography method.1. A magnetic core material for electrophotographic developer, satisfying a value of Formula (1): a+b×10+c+d+e+f, being from 20 to 150, when a fluoride ion amount is denoted by a (ppm), a chloride ion amount is denoted by b (ppm), a bromide ion amount is denoted by c (ppm), a nitrite ion amount is denoted by d (ppm), a nitrate ion amount is denoted by e (ppm), and a sulfate ion amount is denoted by f (ppm), which are measured by a combustion ion chromatography method. 2. The magnetic core material for electrophotographic developer according to claim 1, wherein in a number distribution of a ratio A of a perimeter to an envelope perimeter, a ratio of particles having the ratio A of 1.08 or more is 10% or less. 3. The magnetic core material for electrophotographic developer according to claim 1, wherein the value of Formula (1) is from 30 to 100. 4. The magnetic core material for electrophotographic developer according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of particles having the ratio A of 1.08 or more is 8% or less. 5. The magnetic core material for electrophotographic developer according to any one of claim 1, wherein the magnetic core material has a volume average particle diameter (D50) being from 25 to 50 and an apparent density (AD) being from 2.0 to 2.7 g/cm3. 6. The magnetic core material for electrophotographic developer according to any one of claim 1, wherein the magnetic core material has a ferrite composition comprising at least one element selected from Mn, Mg, Li, Sr, Si, Ca, Ti, and Zr. 7. A carrier for electrophotographic developer comprising the magnetic core material for electrophotographic developer as described in claim 1 and a coating layer comprising a resin provided on a surface of the magnetic core material. 8. A developer comprising the carrier as described in claim 7 and a toner. 9. A method for producing the magnetic core material for electrophotographic developer as described in any one of claim 1,
wherein the method comprises the following steps:
a step of pulverizing and mixing raw materials of the magnetic core material to produce a pulverized product,
a step of calcining the pulverized product to produce a calcined product,
a step of pulverizing and granulating the calcined product to produce a granulated product,
a step of sintering the granulated product to produce a sintered product, and
a step of disintegrating and classifying the sintered product; and
wherein in the production of the granulated product, a washing operation is performed in a manner that water is added to the calcined product, followed by performing wet pulverization to form a slurry, and after dehydrating the slurry obtained, water is added again, followed by performing wet pulverization. 10. The method for producing the magnetic core material for electrophotographic developer according to claim 9, wherein in the washing operation, a step of adding water after dehydration of the slurry, followed by performing wet pulverization is repeated. 11. A method for producing a carrier for electrophotographic developer comprising:
producing a magnetic core material by the method as described in claim 9 and then, coating a surface of the magnetic core material with a resin. 12. A method for producing a developer comprising:
producing a carrier by the method as described in claim 11 and then, mixing the carrier with a toner. | 1,600 |
338,915 | 16,641,958 | 1,654 | The present disclosure provides a fully automatic gemstone polishing robot. An aspect of the present disclosure provides an automatic gemstone polishing robot comprising: a gemstone polishing unit, comprising a gemstone holding unit for supporting a gemstone in contact with an abrasive surface, and configured to polish said gemstone in a plurality of iterations based on a feedback signal; an image capturing unit to capture, in one or more of the plurality of iterations, at least one image of the gemstone; and an image processing unit, which when executed by one or more processors, analyzes said at least one image of the gemstone with respect to one or a plurality of gemstone parameters, wherein the image processing unit is further configured to compare the one or a plurality of analyzed gemstone parameters with one or a plurality of pre-determined gemstone parameters to generate the feedback signal to be transmitted to the gemstone polishing unit. Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method of polishing a gemstone utilizing the automatic gemstone polishing robot. | 1. An automatic gemstone polishing robot, the robot comprising:
a gemstone polishing unit comprising a gemstone holding unit for supporting a gemstone in contact with an abrasive surface, and configured to polish said gemstone in a plurality of iterations based on a feedback signal; an image capturing unit to capture, in one or more of the plurality of iterations, at least one image of the gemstone; and an image processing unit, which when executed by one or more processors, analyzes, in each of said one or more of the plurality of iterations, said at least one image of the gemstone with respect to one or a plurality of gemstone parameters, wherein the image processing unit is further configured to compare, in each of said one or more of the plurality of iterations, the one or a plurality of analyzed gemstone parameters with one or a plurality of pre-determined gemstone parameters to generate the feedback signal to be transmitted to the gemstone polishing unit. 2. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the abrasive surface is centred along an axis of a mandrel. 3. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 2, wherein the gemstone polishing unit further comprises a first drive unit operatively coupled to the mandrel to confer motion to said mandrel about the axis of the mandrel. 4. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 3, wherein the gemstone polishing unit further comprises a second drive unit operatively coupled to the gemstone holding unit to provide at least one degree of motion to said gemstone holding unit. 5. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 4, wherein the second drive unit provides five or more degrees of motion. 6. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 4, wherein the image processing unit is configured to transmit the feedback signal to any or a combination of the first drive unit and the second drive unit to control motion conferred thereby to the mandrel and the gemstone holding unit, respectively. 7. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gemstone holding unit comprises any of a chuck and a clamp detachably coupled with a collet in which said gemstone is positioned. 8. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein any of the one or a plurality of analyzed gemstone parameters and the one or a plurality of pre-determined gemstone parameters are selected from any or a combination of table size, crown angle, crown depth, girdle diameter, pavilion angle, pavilion depth, number of facets, size of facet, proportion of facets, halves, angle of facet and mutual positioning of facets. 9. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the image capturing unit is operatively coupled with an illumination unit that is configured to illuminate at least one facet of the gemstone. 10. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the image capturing unit is operatively coupled with a third drive unit. 11. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the image capturing unit is operatively coupled with a gemstone cleaning unit. 12. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 11, wherein the gemstone cleaning unit comprises a brush operatively coupled with a fourth drive unit. 13. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the automatic gemstone polishing robot further comprises a pressure sensor configured to sense gemstone pressure on said abrasive surface. 14. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the image capturing unit is configured to capture said at least one image of the gemstone from any angle. 15. A method of polishing a gemstone, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) holding the gemstone by a gemstone holding unit; (b) capturing at least one image of the gemstone by an image capturing unit; (c) analyzing the captured image with respect to one or a plurality of gemstone parameters by an image processing unit; (d) comparing the one or a plurality of analyzed gemstone parameters with one or a plurality of pre-determined gemstone parameters by the image processing unit; (e) transmitting a feedback signal, based on said comparison, to a gemstone polishing unit comprising the gemstone holding unit holding said gemstone; (f) contacting the gemstone against an abrasive surface based on the feedback signal; and (g) repeating the steps (b) through (f) until the one or a plurality of analyzed gemstone parameters matches with the one or a plurality of pre-determined gemstone parameters with required accuracy. 16. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein any of the one or a plurality of analyzed gemstone parameters and the one or a plurality of pre-determined gemstone parameters are selected from any or a combination of table size, crown angle, crown depth, girdle diameter, pavilion angle, pavilion depth, number of facets, size of facet, proportion of facets, halves, angle of facet and mutual positioning of facets. 17. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the step of contacting the gemstone against the abrasive surface of a mandrel comprises any or a combination of controlling motion of a mandrel on which the abrasive surface is mounted, and controlling motion of the gemstone holding unit, prior to or in course of contacting the gemstone against the abrasive surface based on said feedback signal. 18. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the steps (b) through (f) are repeated until the one or a plurality of analyzed parameters matches at least by 50% with the one or a plurality of pre-determined parameters. 19. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the steps (b) through (f) are repeated until the one or a plurality of analyzed parameters matches at least by 90% with the one or a plurality of pre-determined parameters. | The present disclosure provides a fully automatic gemstone polishing robot. An aspect of the present disclosure provides an automatic gemstone polishing robot comprising: a gemstone polishing unit, comprising a gemstone holding unit for supporting a gemstone in contact with an abrasive surface, and configured to polish said gemstone in a plurality of iterations based on a feedback signal; an image capturing unit to capture, in one or more of the plurality of iterations, at least one image of the gemstone; and an image processing unit, which when executed by one or more processors, analyzes said at least one image of the gemstone with respect to one or a plurality of gemstone parameters, wherein the image processing unit is further configured to compare the one or a plurality of analyzed gemstone parameters with one or a plurality of pre-determined gemstone parameters to generate the feedback signal to be transmitted to the gemstone polishing unit. Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method of polishing a gemstone utilizing the automatic gemstone polishing robot.1. An automatic gemstone polishing robot, the robot comprising:
a gemstone polishing unit comprising a gemstone holding unit for supporting a gemstone in contact with an abrasive surface, and configured to polish said gemstone in a plurality of iterations based on a feedback signal; an image capturing unit to capture, in one or more of the plurality of iterations, at least one image of the gemstone; and an image processing unit, which when executed by one or more processors, analyzes, in each of said one or more of the plurality of iterations, said at least one image of the gemstone with respect to one or a plurality of gemstone parameters, wherein the image processing unit is further configured to compare, in each of said one or more of the plurality of iterations, the one or a plurality of analyzed gemstone parameters with one or a plurality of pre-determined gemstone parameters to generate the feedback signal to be transmitted to the gemstone polishing unit. 2. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the abrasive surface is centred along an axis of a mandrel. 3. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 2, wherein the gemstone polishing unit further comprises a first drive unit operatively coupled to the mandrel to confer motion to said mandrel about the axis of the mandrel. 4. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 3, wherein the gemstone polishing unit further comprises a second drive unit operatively coupled to the gemstone holding unit to provide at least one degree of motion to said gemstone holding unit. 5. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 4, wherein the second drive unit provides five or more degrees of motion. 6. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 4, wherein the image processing unit is configured to transmit the feedback signal to any or a combination of the first drive unit and the second drive unit to control motion conferred thereby to the mandrel and the gemstone holding unit, respectively. 7. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gemstone holding unit comprises any of a chuck and a clamp detachably coupled with a collet in which said gemstone is positioned. 8. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein any of the one or a plurality of analyzed gemstone parameters and the one or a plurality of pre-determined gemstone parameters are selected from any or a combination of table size, crown angle, crown depth, girdle diameter, pavilion angle, pavilion depth, number of facets, size of facet, proportion of facets, halves, angle of facet and mutual positioning of facets. 9. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the image capturing unit is operatively coupled with an illumination unit that is configured to illuminate at least one facet of the gemstone. 10. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the image capturing unit is operatively coupled with a third drive unit. 11. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the image capturing unit is operatively coupled with a gemstone cleaning unit. 12. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 11, wherein the gemstone cleaning unit comprises a brush operatively coupled with a fourth drive unit. 13. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the automatic gemstone polishing robot further comprises a pressure sensor configured to sense gemstone pressure on said abrasive surface. 14. The automatic gemstone polishing robot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the image capturing unit is configured to capture said at least one image of the gemstone from any angle. 15. A method of polishing a gemstone, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) holding the gemstone by a gemstone holding unit; (b) capturing at least one image of the gemstone by an image capturing unit; (c) analyzing the captured image with respect to one or a plurality of gemstone parameters by an image processing unit; (d) comparing the one or a plurality of analyzed gemstone parameters with one or a plurality of pre-determined gemstone parameters by the image processing unit; (e) transmitting a feedback signal, based on said comparison, to a gemstone polishing unit comprising the gemstone holding unit holding said gemstone; (f) contacting the gemstone against an abrasive surface based on the feedback signal; and (g) repeating the steps (b) through (f) until the one or a plurality of analyzed gemstone parameters matches with the one or a plurality of pre-determined gemstone parameters with required accuracy. 16. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein any of the one or a plurality of analyzed gemstone parameters and the one or a plurality of pre-determined gemstone parameters are selected from any or a combination of table size, crown angle, crown depth, girdle diameter, pavilion angle, pavilion depth, number of facets, size of facet, proportion of facets, halves, angle of facet and mutual positioning of facets. 17. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the step of contacting the gemstone against the abrasive surface of a mandrel comprises any or a combination of controlling motion of a mandrel on which the abrasive surface is mounted, and controlling motion of the gemstone holding unit, prior to or in course of contacting the gemstone against the abrasive surface based on said feedback signal. 18. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the steps (b) through (f) are repeated until the one or a plurality of analyzed parameters matches at least by 50% with the one or a plurality of pre-determined parameters. 19. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the steps (b) through (f) are repeated until the one or a plurality of analyzed parameters matches at least by 90% with the one or a plurality of pre-determined parameters. | 1,600 |
338,916 | 16,641,970 | 1,654 | A shift register unit and a driving method, a gate driving circuit, and a display device are provided. The shift register unit includes an input terminal, a first shift register sub-unit, and a second shift register sub-unit. The first shift register sub-unit includes a first output terminal, is connected to the input terminal to receive an input signal, and is configured to output a first output signal at the first output terminal according to the input signal; the second shift register sub-unit includes a second output terminal, is connected to the input terminal to receive the input signal, and is configured to output a second output signal at the second output terminal according to the input signal; and a pulse portion of the first output signal at least partially overlaps with a pulse portion of the second output signal in time. | 1. A shift register unit, comprising an input terminal, a first shift register sub-unit, and a second shift register sub-unit;
wherein the first shift register sub-unit comprises a first output terminal and is connected to the input terminal to receive an input signal, and the first shift register sub-unit is configured to output a first output signal at the first output terminal according to the input signal; the second shift register sub-unit comprises a second output terminal and is connected to the input terminal to receive the input signal, and the second shift register sub-unit is configured to output a second output signal at the second output terminal according to the input signal; and a pulse portion of the first output signal at least partially overlaps with a pulse portion of the second output signal in time. 2. The shift register unit according to claim 1, wherein the first shift register sub-unit comprises a first input circuit and a first output circuit,
the first input circuit is connected to the input terminal and a first node, and is configured to input the input signal to the first node in response to a first clock signal; and the first output circuit is connected to the first node and the first output terminal, and is configured to output the first output signal to the first output terminal under control of a level of the first node. 3. The shift register unit according to claim 2, wherein the first input circuit comprises a first input transistor, a gate electrode of the first input transistor is connected to a first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, a first electrode of the first input transistor is connected to the input terminal to receive the input signal, and a second electrode of the first input transistor is connected to the first node;
the first output circuit comprises a first output transistor and a first storage capacitor, a gate electrode of the first output transistor is connected to a third node, a first electrode of the first output transistor is connected to the first output terminal, and a second electrode of the first output transistor is connected to a second clock signal terminal to receive a second clock signal; and a first terminal of the first storage capacitor is connected to the gate electrode of the first output transistor, and a second terminal of the first storage capacitor is connected to the first electrode of the first output transistor. 4. The shift register unit according to claim 2, wherein the first shift register sub-unit further comprises a first control circuit and an output noise reduction circuit;
the first control circuit is connected to a second node, and is configured to control a level of the second node in response to the level of the first node and the first clock signal; and the output noise reduction circuit is connected to the first output terminal, and is configured to perform noise reduction on the first output terminal under control of the level of the second node. 5. The shift register unit according to claim 4, wherein the first control circuit comprises a first transistor and a second transistor;
a gate electrode of the first transistor is connected to the first node, a first electrode of the first transistor is connected to a first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, and a second electrode of the first transistor is connected to the second node; and a gate electrode of the second transistor is connected to the first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, a first electrode of the second transistor is connected to a first voltage terminal to receive a first voltage, and a second electrode of the second transistors is connected to the second node. 6. The shift register unit according to claim 4, wherein the output noise reduction circuit comprises a third transistor and a first capacitor;
a gate electrode of the third transistor is connected to the second node, a first electrode of the third transistor is connected to a second voltage terminal to receive a second voltage, and a second electrode of the third transistor is connected to the first output terminal; and a first terminal of the first capacitor is connected to the second node, and a second terminal of the first capacitor is connected to the first electrode of the third transistor. 7. The shift register unit according to claim 4, wherein the first shift register sub-unit further comprises a first node noise reduction circuit; and
the first node noise reduction circuit is connected to the first node and the second node, and is configured to perform noise reduction on the first node under control of the level of the second node and a second clock signal. 8. The shift register unit according to claim 7, wherein the first node noise reduction circuit comprises a fourth transistor and a fifth transistor;
a gate electrode of the fourth transistor is connected to the second node, a first electrode of the fourth transistor is connected to a second voltage terminal to receive a second voltage, and a second electrode of the fourth transistor is connected to a first electrode of the fifth transistor; and a gate electrode of the fifth transistor is connected to a second clock signal terminal to receive the second clock signal, and a second electrode of the fifth transistor is connected to the first node. 9. The shift register unit according to claim 2, wherein the first shift register sub-unit further comprises a voltage stabilization circuit;
the voltage stabilization circuit is connected to the first node and a third node, and is configured to stabilize a level of the third node; and the first output circuit is connected to the third node, and is configured to output the first output signal to the first output terminal under control of the level of the third node. 10. The shift register unit according to claim 9, wherein the voltage stabilization circuit comprises a sixth transistor,
a gate electrode of the sixth transistor is connected to a first voltage terminal to receive a first voltage, a first electrode of the sixth transistor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the sixth transistor is connected to the third node. 11. The shift register unit according to claim 1, wherein the second shift register sub-unit comprises a second input circuit, a second output circuit, a second control circuit, and an output reset circuit;
the second input circuit is connected to the input terminal and a fourth node, and is configured to input the input signal to the fourth node in response to a first clock signal; the second output circuit is connected to the fourth node and the second output terminal, and is configured to output the second output signal to the second output terminal under control of a level of the fourth node; the second control circuit is connected to the fourth node and a fifth node, and is configured to control a level of the fifth node in response to the level of the fourth node and a third clock signal; and the output reset circuit is connected to the fifth node, and is configured to reset the second output terminal under control of the level of the fifth node. 12. The shift register unit according to claim 11, wherein the second input circuit comprises a second input transistor, a gate electrode of the second input transistor is connected to a first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, a first electrode of the second input transistor is connected to the input terminal to receive the input signal, and a second electrode of the second input transistor is connected to the fourth node;
the second output circuit comprises a second output transistor and a second storage capacitor, a gate electrode of the second output transistor is connected to the fourth node, a first electrode of the second output transistor is connected to a second voltage terminal to receive a second voltage, and a second electrode of the second output transistor is connected to the second output terminal; and a first terminal of the second storage capacitor is connected to the gate electrode of the second output transistor, and a second terminal of the second storage capacitor is connected to the first electrode of the second output transistor. 13. The shift register unit according to claim 11, wherein the second control circuit comprises a seventh transistor and an eighth transistor;
a gate electrode of the seventh transistor is connected to the fourth node, a first electrode of the seventh transistor is connected to a second voltage terminal to receive a second voltage, and a second electrode of the seventh transistor is connected to the fifth node; and a gate electrode of the eighth transistor is connected to a third clock signal terminal to receive the third clock signal, a first electrode of the eighth transistor is connected to a first voltage terminal to receive a first voltage, and a second electrode of the eighth transistor is connected to the fifth node. 14. The shift register unit according to claim 11, wherein the output reset circuit comprises a ninth transistor and a second capacitor;
a gate electrode of the ninth transistor is connected to the fifth node, a first electrode of the ninth transistor is connected to the second output terminal, and a second electrode of the ninth transistor is connected to a first voltage terminal to receive a first voltage; and a first terminal of the second capacitor is connected to the fifth node, and a second terminal of the second capacitor is connected to the first electrode of the ninth transistor. 15. The shift register unit according to claim 11, wherein the second shift register sub-unit further comprises a third control circuit;
the third control circuit is connected to the fourth node and the fifth node, and is configured to control the level of the fourth node under control of the level of the fifth node. 16. The shift register unit according to claim 15, wherein the third control circuit comprises a tenth transistor;
a gate electrode of the tenth transistor is connected to the fifth node, a first electrode of the tenth transistor is connected to a second voltage terminal to receive a second voltage, and a second electrode of the tenth transistor is connected to the fourth node. 17. The shift register unit according to claim 1, wherein the first shift register sub-unit comprises a first input circuit, a first output circuit, a first control circuit, an output noise reduction circuit, a first node noise reduction circuit, and a voltage stabilization circuit, and the second shift register sub-unit comprises a second input circuit, a second output circuit, a second control circuit, an output reset circuit, and a third control circuit;
the first input circuit comprises a first input transistor, a gate electrode of the first input transistor is connected to a first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, a first electrode of the first input transistor is connected to the input terminal to receive the input signal, and a second electrode of the first input transistor is connected to the first node; the first output circuit comprises a first output transistor and a first storage capacitor, a gate electrode of the first output transistor is connected to a third node, a first electrode of the first output transistor is connected to the first output terminal, and a second electrode of the first output transistor is connected to a second clock signal terminal to receive a second clock signal; a first terminal of the first storage capacitor is connected to the gate electrode of the first output transistor, and a second terminal of the first storage capacitor is connected to the first electrode of the first output transistor; the first control circuit comprises a first transistor and a second transistor, a gate electrode of the first transistor is connected to the first node, a first electrode of the first transistor is connected to the first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, and a second electrode of the first transistor is connected to a second node; a gate electrode of the second transistor is connected to the first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, a first electrode of the second transistor is connected to a first voltage terminal to receive a first voltage, and a second electrode of the second transistor is connected to the second node; the output noise reduction circuit comprises a third transistor and a first capacitor, a gate electrode of the third transistor is connected to the second node, a first electrode of the third transistor is connected to a second voltage terminal to receive a second voltage, and a second electrode of the third transistor is connected to the first output terminal; a first terminal of the first capacitor is connected to the second node, and a second terminal of the first capacitor is connected to the first electrode of the third transistor; the first node noise reduction circuit comprises a fourth transistor and a fifth transistor, a gate electrode of the fourth transistor is connected to the second node, a first electrode of the fourth transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage, and a second electrode of the fourth transistor is connected to a first electrode of the fifth transistor; a gate electrode of the fifth transistor is connected to the second clock signal terminal to receive the second clock signal, and a second electrode of the fifth transistor is connected to the first node; the voltage stabilization circuit comprises a sixth transistor, a gate electrode of the sixth transistor is connected to the first voltage terminal to receive the first voltage, a first electrode of the sixth transistor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the sixth transistor is connected to the third node; the second input circuit comprises a second input transistor, a gate electrode of the second input transistor is connected to the first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, a first electrode of the second input transistor is connected to the input terminal to receive the input signal, and a second electrode of the second input transistor is connected to a fourth node; the second output circuit comprises a second output transistor and a second storage capacitor, a gate electrode of the second output transistor is connected to the fourth node, a first electrode of the second output transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage, and a second electrode of the second output transistor is connected to the second output terminal; a first terminal of the second storage capacitor is connected to the gate electrode of the second output transistor, and a second terminal of the second storage capacitor is connected to the first electrode of the second output transistor; the second control circuit comprises a seventh transistor and an eighth transistor, a gate electrode of the seventh transistor is connected to the fourth node, a first electrode of the seventh transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage, and a second electrode of the seventh transistor is connected to a fifth node; a gate electrode of the eighth transistor is connected to a third clock signal terminal to receive a third clock signal, a first electrode of the eighth transistor is connected to the first voltage terminal to receive the first voltage, and a second electrode of the eighth transistor is connected to the fifth node; the output reset circuit comprises a ninth transistor and a second capacitor, a gate electrode of the ninth transistor is connected to the fifth node, a first electrode of the ninth transistor is connected to the second output terminal, and a second electrode of the ninth transistor is connected to the first voltage terminal to receive the first voltage; a first terminal of the second capacitor is connected to the fifth node, and a second terminal of the second capacitor is connected to the first electrode of the ninth transistor; and the third control circuit comprises a tenth transistor, a gate electrode of the tenth transistor is connected to the fifth node, a first electrode of the tenth transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage, and a second electrode of the tenth transistor is connected to the fourth node. 18. A gate driving circuit, comprising a plurality of cascaded shift register units according to claim 1,
wherein except for a first stage of shift register unit, an input terminal of each stage of shift register unit, other than the first stage of shift register unit, is connected to a first output terminal of a previous stage of shift register unit. 19. The gate driving circuit according to claim 18, further comprising a first clock signal line, a second clock signal line, and a third clock signal line, each of the shift register units further comprises a first clock signal terminal, a second clock signal terminal, and a third clock signal terminal;
a first clock signal terminal of a (3N+1)-th stage of shift register unit is connected to the first clock signal line, a second clock signal terminal of the (3N+1)-th stage of shift register unit is connected to the second clock signal line, and a third clock signal terminal of the (3N+1)-th stage of shift register unit is connected to the third clock signal line; a first clock signal terminal of a (3N+2)-th stage of shift register unit is connected to the second clock signal line, a second clock signal terminal of the (3N+2)-th stage of shift register unit is connected to the third clock signal line, and a third clock signal terminal of the (3N+2)-th stage of shift register unit is connected to the first clock signal line; a first clock signal terminal of a (3N+3)-th stage of shift register unit is connected to the third clock signal line, a second clock signal terminal of the (3N+3)-th stage of shift register unit is connected to the first clock signal line, and a third clock signal terminal of the (3N+3)-th stage of shift register unit is connected to the second clock signal line; and N is an integer greater than or equal to 0. 20. A display device, comprising the gate driving circuit according to claim 11 and a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array,
wherein each of the plurality of pixel units comprises a pixel circuit, the pixel circuit comprises a data writing sub-circuit, a driving sub-circuit, and a light-emitting control sub-circuit;
a first output terminal of a shift register unit corresponding to the pixel circuit is connected to a control terminal of the data writing sub-circuit, and a second output terminal of the shift register unit corresponding to the pixel circuit is connected to a control terminal of the light-emitting control sub-circuit. 21.-22. (canceled) | A shift register unit and a driving method, a gate driving circuit, and a display device are provided. The shift register unit includes an input terminal, a first shift register sub-unit, and a second shift register sub-unit. The first shift register sub-unit includes a first output terminal, is connected to the input terminal to receive an input signal, and is configured to output a first output signal at the first output terminal according to the input signal; the second shift register sub-unit includes a second output terminal, is connected to the input terminal to receive the input signal, and is configured to output a second output signal at the second output terminal according to the input signal; and a pulse portion of the first output signal at least partially overlaps with a pulse portion of the second output signal in time.1. A shift register unit, comprising an input terminal, a first shift register sub-unit, and a second shift register sub-unit;
wherein the first shift register sub-unit comprises a first output terminal and is connected to the input terminal to receive an input signal, and the first shift register sub-unit is configured to output a first output signal at the first output terminal according to the input signal; the second shift register sub-unit comprises a second output terminal and is connected to the input terminal to receive the input signal, and the second shift register sub-unit is configured to output a second output signal at the second output terminal according to the input signal; and a pulse portion of the first output signal at least partially overlaps with a pulse portion of the second output signal in time. 2. The shift register unit according to claim 1, wherein the first shift register sub-unit comprises a first input circuit and a first output circuit,
the first input circuit is connected to the input terminal and a first node, and is configured to input the input signal to the first node in response to a first clock signal; and the first output circuit is connected to the first node and the first output terminal, and is configured to output the first output signal to the first output terminal under control of a level of the first node. 3. The shift register unit according to claim 2, wherein the first input circuit comprises a first input transistor, a gate electrode of the first input transistor is connected to a first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, a first electrode of the first input transistor is connected to the input terminal to receive the input signal, and a second electrode of the first input transistor is connected to the first node;
the first output circuit comprises a first output transistor and a first storage capacitor, a gate electrode of the first output transistor is connected to a third node, a first electrode of the first output transistor is connected to the first output terminal, and a second electrode of the first output transistor is connected to a second clock signal terminal to receive a second clock signal; and a first terminal of the first storage capacitor is connected to the gate electrode of the first output transistor, and a second terminal of the first storage capacitor is connected to the first electrode of the first output transistor. 4. The shift register unit according to claim 2, wherein the first shift register sub-unit further comprises a first control circuit and an output noise reduction circuit;
the first control circuit is connected to a second node, and is configured to control a level of the second node in response to the level of the first node and the first clock signal; and the output noise reduction circuit is connected to the first output terminal, and is configured to perform noise reduction on the first output terminal under control of the level of the second node. 5. The shift register unit according to claim 4, wherein the first control circuit comprises a first transistor and a second transistor;
a gate electrode of the first transistor is connected to the first node, a first electrode of the first transistor is connected to a first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, and a second electrode of the first transistor is connected to the second node; and a gate electrode of the second transistor is connected to the first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, a first electrode of the second transistor is connected to a first voltage terminal to receive a first voltage, and a second electrode of the second transistors is connected to the second node. 6. The shift register unit according to claim 4, wherein the output noise reduction circuit comprises a third transistor and a first capacitor;
a gate electrode of the third transistor is connected to the second node, a first electrode of the third transistor is connected to a second voltage terminal to receive a second voltage, and a second electrode of the third transistor is connected to the first output terminal; and a first terminal of the first capacitor is connected to the second node, and a second terminal of the first capacitor is connected to the first electrode of the third transistor. 7. The shift register unit according to claim 4, wherein the first shift register sub-unit further comprises a first node noise reduction circuit; and
the first node noise reduction circuit is connected to the first node and the second node, and is configured to perform noise reduction on the first node under control of the level of the second node and a second clock signal. 8. The shift register unit according to claim 7, wherein the first node noise reduction circuit comprises a fourth transistor and a fifth transistor;
a gate electrode of the fourth transistor is connected to the second node, a first electrode of the fourth transistor is connected to a second voltage terminal to receive a second voltage, and a second electrode of the fourth transistor is connected to a first electrode of the fifth transistor; and a gate electrode of the fifth transistor is connected to a second clock signal terminal to receive the second clock signal, and a second electrode of the fifth transistor is connected to the first node. 9. The shift register unit according to claim 2, wherein the first shift register sub-unit further comprises a voltage stabilization circuit;
the voltage stabilization circuit is connected to the first node and a third node, and is configured to stabilize a level of the third node; and the first output circuit is connected to the third node, and is configured to output the first output signal to the first output terminal under control of the level of the third node. 10. The shift register unit according to claim 9, wherein the voltage stabilization circuit comprises a sixth transistor,
a gate electrode of the sixth transistor is connected to a first voltage terminal to receive a first voltage, a first electrode of the sixth transistor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the sixth transistor is connected to the third node. 11. The shift register unit according to claim 1, wherein the second shift register sub-unit comprises a second input circuit, a second output circuit, a second control circuit, and an output reset circuit;
the second input circuit is connected to the input terminal and a fourth node, and is configured to input the input signal to the fourth node in response to a first clock signal; the second output circuit is connected to the fourth node and the second output terminal, and is configured to output the second output signal to the second output terminal under control of a level of the fourth node; the second control circuit is connected to the fourth node and a fifth node, and is configured to control a level of the fifth node in response to the level of the fourth node and a third clock signal; and the output reset circuit is connected to the fifth node, and is configured to reset the second output terminal under control of the level of the fifth node. 12. The shift register unit according to claim 11, wherein the second input circuit comprises a second input transistor, a gate electrode of the second input transistor is connected to a first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, a first electrode of the second input transistor is connected to the input terminal to receive the input signal, and a second electrode of the second input transistor is connected to the fourth node;
the second output circuit comprises a second output transistor and a second storage capacitor, a gate electrode of the second output transistor is connected to the fourth node, a first electrode of the second output transistor is connected to a second voltage terminal to receive a second voltage, and a second electrode of the second output transistor is connected to the second output terminal; and a first terminal of the second storage capacitor is connected to the gate electrode of the second output transistor, and a second terminal of the second storage capacitor is connected to the first electrode of the second output transistor. 13. The shift register unit according to claim 11, wherein the second control circuit comprises a seventh transistor and an eighth transistor;
a gate electrode of the seventh transistor is connected to the fourth node, a first electrode of the seventh transistor is connected to a second voltage terminal to receive a second voltage, and a second electrode of the seventh transistor is connected to the fifth node; and a gate electrode of the eighth transistor is connected to a third clock signal terminal to receive the third clock signal, a first electrode of the eighth transistor is connected to a first voltage terminal to receive a first voltage, and a second electrode of the eighth transistor is connected to the fifth node. 14. The shift register unit according to claim 11, wherein the output reset circuit comprises a ninth transistor and a second capacitor;
a gate electrode of the ninth transistor is connected to the fifth node, a first electrode of the ninth transistor is connected to the second output terminal, and a second electrode of the ninth transistor is connected to a first voltage terminal to receive a first voltage; and a first terminal of the second capacitor is connected to the fifth node, and a second terminal of the second capacitor is connected to the first electrode of the ninth transistor. 15. The shift register unit according to claim 11, wherein the second shift register sub-unit further comprises a third control circuit;
the third control circuit is connected to the fourth node and the fifth node, and is configured to control the level of the fourth node under control of the level of the fifth node. 16. The shift register unit according to claim 15, wherein the third control circuit comprises a tenth transistor;
a gate electrode of the tenth transistor is connected to the fifth node, a first electrode of the tenth transistor is connected to a second voltage terminal to receive a second voltage, and a second electrode of the tenth transistor is connected to the fourth node. 17. The shift register unit according to claim 1, wherein the first shift register sub-unit comprises a first input circuit, a first output circuit, a first control circuit, an output noise reduction circuit, a first node noise reduction circuit, and a voltage stabilization circuit, and the second shift register sub-unit comprises a second input circuit, a second output circuit, a second control circuit, an output reset circuit, and a third control circuit;
the first input circuit comprises a first input transistor, a gate electrode of the first input transistor is connected to a first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, a first electrode of the first input transistor is connected to the input terminal to receive the input signal, and a second electrode of the first input transistor is connected to the first node; the first output circuit comprises a first output transistor and a first storage capacitor, a gate electrode of the first output transistor is connected to a third node, a first electrode of the first output transistor is connected to the first output terminal, and a second electrode of the first output transistor is connected to a second clock signal terminal to receive a second clock signal; a first terminal of the first storage capacitor is connected to the gate electrode of the first output transistor, and a second terminal of the first storage capacitor is connected to the first electrode of the first output transistor; the first control circuit comprises a first transistor and a second transistor, a gate electrode of the first transistor is connected to the first node, a first electrode of the first transistor is connected to the first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, and a second electrode of the first transistor is connected to a second node; a gate electrode of the second transistor is connected to the first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, a first electrode of the second transistor is connected to a first voltage terminal to receive a first voltage, and a second electrode of the second transistor is connected to the second node; the output noise reduction circuit comprises a third transistor and a first capacitor, a gate electrode of the third transistor is connected to the second node, a first electrode of the third transistor is connected to a second voltage terminal to receive a second voltage, and a second electrode of the third transistor is connected to the first output terminal; a first terminal of the first capacitor is connected to the second node, and a second terminal of the first capacitor is connected to the first electrode of the third transistor; the first node noise reduction circuit comprises a fourth transistor and a fifth transistor, a gate electrode of the fourth transistor is connected to the second node, a first electrode of the fourth transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage, and a second electrode of the fourth transistor is connected to a first electrode of the fifth transistor; a gate electrode of the fifth transistor is connected to the second clock signal terminal to receive the second clock signal, and a second electrode of the fifth transistor is connected to the first node; the voltage stabilization circuit comprises a sixth transistor, a gate electrode of the sixth transistor is connected to the first voltage terminal to receive the first voltage, a first electrode of the sixth transistor is connected to the first node, and a second electrode of the sixth transistor is connected to the third node; the second input circuit comprises a second input transistor, a gate electrode of the second input transistor is connected to the first clock signal terminal to receive the first clock signal, a first electrode of the second input transistor is connected to the input terminal to receive the input signal, and a second electrode of the second input transistor is connected to a fourth node; the second output circuit comprises a second output transistor and a second storage capacitor, a gate electrode of the second output transistor is connected to the fourth node, a first electrode of the second output transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage, and a second electrode of the second output transistor is connected to the second output terminal; a first terminal of the second storage capacitor is connected to the gate electrode of the second output transistor, and a second terminal of the second storage capacitor is connected to the first electrode of the second output transistor; the second control circuit comprises a seventh transistor and an eighth transistor, a gate electrode of the seventh transistor is connected to the fourth node, a first electrode of the seventh transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage, and a second electrode of the seventh transistor is connected to a fifth node; a gate electrode of the eighth transistor is connected to a third clock signal terminal to receive a third clock signal, a first electrode of the eighth transistor is connected to the first voltage terminal to receive the first voltage, and a second electrode of the eighth transistor is connected to the fifth node; the output reset circuit comprises a ninth transistor and a second capacitor, a gate electrode of the ninth transistor is connected to the fifth node, a first electrode of the ninth transistor is connected to the second output terminal, and a second electrode of the ninth transistor is connected to the first voltage terminal to receive the first voltage; a first terminal of the second capacitor is connected to the fifth node, and a second terminal of the second capacitor is connected to the first electrode of the ninth transistor; and the third control circuit comprises a tenth transistor, a gate electrode of the tenth transistor is connected to the fifth node, a first electrode of the tenth transistor is connected to the second voltage terminal to receive the second voltage, and a second electrode of the tenth transistor is connected to the fourth node. 18. A gate driving circuit, comprising a plurality of cascaded shift register units according to claim 1,
wherein except for a first stage of shift register unit, an input terminal of each stage of shift register unit, other than the first stage of shift register unit, is connected to a first output terminal of a previous stage of shift register unit. 19. The gate driving circuit according to claim 18, further comprising a first clock signal line, a second clock signal line, and a third clock signal line, each of the shift register units further comprises a first clock signal terminal, a second clock signal terminal, and a third clock signal terminal;
a first clock signal terminal of a (3N+1)-th stage of shift register unit is connected to the first clock signal line, a second clock signal terminal of the (3N+1)-th stage of shift register unit is connected to the second clock signal line, and a third clock signal terminal of the (3N+1)-th stage of shift register unit is connected to the third clock signal line; a first clock signal terminal of a (3N+2)-th stage of shift register unit is connected to the second clock signal line, a second clock signal terminal of the (3N+2)-th stage of shift register unit is connected to the third clock signal line, and a third clock signal terminal of the (3N+2)-th stage of shift register unit is connected to the first clock signal line; a first clock signal terminal of a (3N+3)-th stage of shift register unit is connected to the third clock signal line, a second clock signal terminal of the (3N+3)-th stage of shift register unit is connected to the first clock signal line, and a third clock signal terminal of the (3N+3)-th stage of shift register unit is connected to the second clock signal line; and N is an integer greater than or equal to 0. 20. A display device, comprising the gate driving circuit according to claim 11 and a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array,
wherein each of the plurality of pixel units comprises a pixel circuit, the pixel circuit comprises a data writing sub-circuit, a driving sub-circuit, and a light-emitting control sub-circuit;
a first output terminal of a shift register unit corresponding to the pixel circuit is connected to a control terminal of the data writing sub-circuit, and a second output terminal of the shift register unit corresponding to the pixel circuit is connected to a control terminal of the light-emitting control sub-circuit. 21.-22. (canceled) | 1,600 |
338,917 | 16,641,977 | 1,654 | To enable several orders of magnitude increases in average power and energy handling capability of Faraday rotators, the technology utilizes high speed gas cooling to efficiently remove thermal loading from the Faraday optic faces while minimizing the thermal wavefront and thermal birefringence by creating a longitudinal thermal gradient. A recirculating gas cooling manifold accelerates the gas over the surface of the slab to create a turbulent flow condition which maximizes the surface cooling rate. The technology further provides a spatially uniform thermal profile on the Faraday slabs. | 1. An apparatus, comprising:
at least one Faraday optic having opposing optical faces through which there is a beam propagation axis that is orthogonal to said opposing optical faces; means for heating a portion of said at least one Faraday optic; a gas cooling system configured to provide gas to cool each face of said opposing faces; and a magnetic field source configured to induce a desired Faraday rotation of a laser beam propagating on said beam propagation axis through said at least one Faraday optic. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein as said laser beam propagates on said beam propagation axis and through said at least one Faraday optic, said gas cooling system together with said means for heating at least a portion of said at least one Faraday optic are configured to provide a spatially uniform thermal profile in said at least one Faraday optic. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said gas cooling system comprises a recirculating gas cooling manifold configured to accelerate said gas over the surface of said each face to create a turbulent flow condition. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said gas comprises helium. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said at least one Faraday optic comprises an outer edge, wherein said means for heating at least a portion of said at least one Faraday optic comprises a heater in contact with said outer edge. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said at least one Faraday optic comprises an outer edge, wherein said means for heating at least a portion of said at least one Faraday optic comprises means for directing a heater beam onto said outer edge. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said at least one Faraday optic comprises an outer edge, wherein said means for heating at least a portion of said at least one Faraday optic comprises means for directing a heater beam to an area between said beam propagation axis and said outer edge, closer to said outer edge than to said axis. 8. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising an insulating material in contact with the side of each said heater that is not in contact with said Faraday material. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein said source for an external magnetic field comprises a magnetic array within a housing, wherein a side of said insulating material that is not in contact with said heater is in contact with said housing. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a Quartz rotator optic located between two Faraday optics of said at least one Faraday optic. 11. A method, comprising:
directing a laser beam on a beam propagation axis through at least one Faraday optic, herein said at least one Faraday optic has opposing optical faces, wherein said beam propagation axis passes through said opposing faces and said Faraday optic and is orthogonal to said opposing optical faces; heating a portion of said at least one Faraday optic; gas cooling said opposing faces; and applying a magnetic field induce a desired Faraday rotation of a laser beam propagating on said beam propagation axis through said at least one Faraday optic. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein as said laser beam propagates on said beam propagation axis and through said at least one Faraday optic, said gas cooling system together with said means for heating at least a portion of said at least one Faraday optic provide a spatially uniform thermal profile in said at least one Faraday optic. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising recirculating said gas over the surfaces of said opposing faces to create a turbulent flow condition. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein said gas comprises helium. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of heating a portion of said at least one Faraday optic comprises heating an outer edge of said at least one Faraday optic. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of heating a portion of said at least one Faraday optic comprises directing a heater beam onto an outer edge of said at least one Faraday optic. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of heating a portion of said at least one Faraday optic comprises directing a heater beam to an area between said beam propagation axis and said outer edge, closer to said outer edge than to said axis. | To enable several orders of magnitude increases in average power and energy handling capability of Faraday rotators, the technology utilizes high speed gas cooling to efficiently remove thermal loading from the Faraday optic faces while minimizing the thermal wavefront and thermal birefringence by creating a longitudinal thermal gradient. A recirculating gas cooling manifold accelerates the gas over the surface of the slab to create a turbulent flow condition which maximizes the surface cooling rate. The technology further provides a spatially uniform thermal profile on the Faraday slabs.1. An apparatus, comprising:
at least one Faraday optic having opposing optical faces through which there is a beam propagation axis that is orthogonal to said opposing optical faces; means for heating a portion of said at least one Faraday optic; a gas cooling system configured to provide gas to cool each face of said opposing faces; and a magnetic field source configured to induce a desired Faraday rotation of a laser beam propagating on said beam propagation axis through said at least one Faraday optic. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein as said laser beam propagates on said beam propagation axis and through said at least one Faraday optic, said gas cooling system together with said means for heating at least a portion of said at least one Faraday optic are configured to provide a spatially uniform thermal profile in said at least one Faraday optic. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said gas cooling system comprises a recirculating gas cooling manifold configured to accelerate said gas over the surface of said each face to create a turbulent flow condition. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said gas comprises helium. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said at least one Faraday optic comprises an outer edge, wherein said means for heating at least a portion of said at least one Faraday optic comprises a heater in contact with said outer edge. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said at least one Faraday optic comprises an outer edge, wherein said means for heating at least a portion of said at least one Faraday optic comprises means for directing a heater beam onto said outer edge. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said at least one Faraday optic comprises an outer edge, wherein said means for heating at least a portion of said at least one Faraday optic comprises means for directing a heater beam to an area between said beam propagation axis and said outer edge, closer to said outer edge than to said axis. 8. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising an insulating material in contact with the side of each said heater that is not in contact with said Faraday material. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein said source for an external magnetic field comprises a magnetic array within a housing, wherein a side of said insulating material that is not in contact with said heater is in contact with said housing. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a Quartz rotator optic located between two Faraday optics of said at least one Faraday optic. 11. A method, comprising:
directing a laser beam on a beam propagation axis through at least one Faraday optic, herein said at least one Faraday optic has opposing optical faces, wherein said beam propagation axis passes through said opposing faces and said Faraday optic and is orthogonal to said opposing optical faces; heating a portion of said at least one Faraday optic; gas cooling said opposing faces; and applying a magnetic field induce a desired Faraday rotation of a laser beam propagating on said beam propagation axis through said at least one Faraday optic. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein as said laser beam propagates on said beam propagation axis and through said at least one Faraday optic, said gas cooling system together with said means for heating at least a portion of said at least one Faraday optic provide a spatially uniform thermal profile in said at least one Faraday optic. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising recirculating said gas over the surfaces of said opposing faces to create a turbulent flow condition. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein said gas comprises helium. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of heating a portion of said at least one Faraday optic comprises heating an outer edge of said at least one Faraday optic. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of heating a portion of said at least one Faraday optic comprises directing a heater beam onto an outer edge of said at least one Faraday optic. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of heating a portion of said at least one Faraday optic comprises directing a heater beam to an area between said beam propagation axis and said outer edge, closer to said outer edge than to said axis. | 1,600 |
338,918 | 16,641,982 | 1,654 | Techniques for providing acoustic feedback are disclosed. Several audio clips (21-23) have a synchronized beat. A sensor signal (16) received from a sensor has a sensor signal range divided by first and second thresholds (11, 12) into at least three sensor signal sub-ranges (13-15). An audio signal is output in response to the received sensor signal (16), the output audio signal comprising one or more of the audio clips. If the received sensor signal (16) exceeds the first threshold (11), at least one (21) of the one or more audio clips is discontinued and/or at least one additional audio clip (22) of the audio clips is initiated in synchronization with the one or more audio clips (21). If the received sensor signal (16) falls below the second threshold (12), at least one (21) of the one or more audio clips is discontinued and/or at least one additional audio clip (23) of the audio clips is initiated in synchronization with the one or more audio clips (21). | 1. A method of providing acoustic feedback during a physical exercise, the method comprising:
providing several audio clips having a synchronized beat; receiving a sensor signal from a sensor, the sensor signal having a sensor signal range divided by first and second thresholds into at least three sensor signal sub-ranges; and outputting an audio signal in response to the received sensor signal, the output audio signal comprising one or more of the audio clips; wherein, if the received sensor signal exceeds the first threshold, at least one of the one or more audio clips is discontinued and/or at least one additional audio clip of the audio clips is initiated in synchronization with the one or more audio clips; and wherein, if the received sensor signal falls below the second threshold, at least one of the one or more audio clips is discontinued and/or at least one additional audio clip of the audio clips is initiated in synchronization with the one or more audio clips. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein discontinuing at least one of the one or more audio clips comprises fading out the at least one of the one or more audio clips. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein initiating at least one additional audio clip of the audio clips comprises fading in the at least one additional audio clip. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein initiating at least one additional audio clip comprises determining an offset play position from which the at least one additional audio clip is played,
optionally wherein the offset play position of the at least one additional audio clip is determined based on a play position of the at least one of the one or more audio clips or on a global count at the time at which the received sensor signal exceeds the first threshold or falls below the second threshold or based on a play position of the at least one of the one or more audio clips at the time at which at least one additional audio clip of the audio clips is initiated. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the offset play position of the at least one additional audio clip is determined based on a ratio of a length of the at least one of the one or more audio clips to a length of the at least one additional audio clip or by performing a modulo operation. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more audio clips and the at least one additional audio clip are synchronized to a common beat, wherein the common beat is adjusted based on
at least one physiological parameter of a person performing the physical exercise and/or the sensor signal and/or at least one environmental parameter. 7. The method of claim 1,
wherein outputting an audio signal comprises playing the one or more audio clips in a loop until the received sensor signal exceeds the first threshold or falls below the second threshold. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising adapting the one or more audio clips or the additional audio clip as a function of:
an elapsed time since the start of the physical exercise; and/or movement characteristics detected by the sensor; and/or at least one physiological parameter of a person performing the physical exercise. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the several audio clips comprise sampled audio data, MIDI clips, OSC clips, or clips of a proprietary format. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor is mounted to an exercise device, or wherein the sensor comprises a wearable sensor. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the several audio clips having a synchronized beat exhibit repeated temporal events that relate to identical intervals therebetween or a recurring pattern of maximum acoustic amplitude or timbre events. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the several audio clips having a synchronized beat exhibit repeated temporal events that relate to identical intervals therebetween or a recurring pattern of maximum acoustic amplitude or timbre events, wherein initiating at least one additional audio clip comprises determining an offset play position from which the at least one additional audio clip is played, wherein the offset play position of the at least one additional audio clip is determined based on a play position of the at least one of the one or more audio clips or on a global count at the time at which the received sensor signal exceeds the first threshold or falls below the second threshold or based on a play position of the at least one of the one or more audio clips at the time at which at least one additional audio clip of the audio clips is initiated. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the at least one additional audio clip that is initiated in response to the sensor signal reaching the first threshold depends on a rate of change of the sensor signal and on a direction in which the first threshold is crossed. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein three or more than three sensor signals are processed to determine which one of the several audio clips is to be output. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising: outputting visual signals, optionally wherein the visual signals comprise animations or information on the physical exercise that is to be performed and/or information on parts of the body that require further exercise and/or information on the way in which the user should be suspended in an exercise device for the physical exercise, optionally wherein the physical exercise is performed on an exercise device or recreational device that allows a user's orientation in three-dimensional real world space to be controlled. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor signal is captured by a sensor attachable to an elastic member of an exercise device. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the sensor is configured to be clipped onto the elastic member. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the sensor is configured to detect a tension and/or compression of the elastic member, and/or wherein the sensor is configured to detect an orientation of the elastic member. 19. The method of claim 1, further comprising: monitoring a sensor output in a calibration routine, optionally wherein the sensor output is mapped onto the sensor signal using a mapping that is dependent on the sensor output monitored in the calibration routine. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the sensor output is monitored through a minimum number of repetitions of a user's movement in the calibration routine, wherein the minimum number of repetitions depends on
the type of sensor that is used and/or whether the user's movement is a cyclical movement. 21. The method of claim 1,
wherein the several audio clips are provided by a sequencer and/or wherein the audio signal or data relating to the audio signal is provided to the sequencer and/or wherein the sequencer provides control information to a device for controlling the acoustic feedback during the physical exercise. 22. A device for controlling acoustic feedback during a physical exercise, the device comprising:
a memory storing several audio clips having a synchronized beat; an input to receive a sensor signal having a sensor signal range divided by first and second thresholds into at least three sensor signal sub-ranges; and a control circuit to control outputting of an audio signal in response to the received sensor signal, the output audio signal comprising one or more of the audio clips output in a synchronized manner; 23. The device of claim 22, wherein the device further comprises an electroacoustic transducer to output the audio signal, and/or wherein the control circuit is configured to perform the method of claim 1. 24. A system, comprising:
a sensor responsive to a user's actions during a physical exercise, the sensor having a sensor signal range; and the device of claim 22. 25. The system of claim 24,
wherein the sensor comprises a wearable sensor or at least one camera, or wherein the system further comprises an exercise device, wherein the sensor is mounted to the exercise device, optionally wherein the exercise device comprises two objects which are connected to one another by an elastic element, wherein the sensor comprises an accelerometer and/or a gyrometer and/or a strain gauge and/or a load cell, optionally wherein the sensor is provided in at least one of the two objects or within or adjacent the elastic element. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the exercise device allows a user's orientation in three-dimensional real world space to be controlled while the user is suspended on the exercise device. 27. A computer program comprising software code adapted to perform the method according to claim 1 when executed by a processor. | Techniques for providing acoustic feedback are disclosed. Several audio clips (21-23) have a synchronized beat. A sensor signal (16) received from a sensor has a sensor signal range divided by first and second thresholds (11, 12) into at least three sensor signal sub-ranges (13-15). An audio signal is output in response to the received sensor signal (16), the output audio signal comprising one or more of the audio clips. If the received sensor signal (16) exceeds the first threshold (11), at least one (21) of the one or more audio clips is discontinued and/or at least one additional audio clip (22) of the audio clips is initiated in synchronization with the one or more audio clips (21). If the received sensor signal (16) falls below the second threshold (12), at least one (21) of the one or more audio clips is discontinued and/or at least one additional audio clip (23) of the audio clips is initiated in synchronization with the one or more audio clips (21).1. A method of providing acoustic feedback during a physical exercise, the method comprising:
providing several audio clips having a synchronized beat; receiving a sensor signal from a sensor, the sensor signal having a sensor signal range divided by first and second thresholds into at least three sensor signal sub-ranges; and outputting an audio signal in response to the received sensor signal, the output audio signal comprising one or more of the audio clips; wherein, if the received sensor signal exceeds the first threshold, at least one of the one or more audio clips is discontinued and/or at least one additional audio clip of the audio clips is initiated in synchronization with the one or more audio clips; and wherein, if the received sensor signal falls below the second threshold, at least one of the one or more audio clips is discontinued and/or at least one additional audio clip of the audio clips is initiated in synchronization with the one or more audio clips. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein discontinuing at least one of the one or more audio clips comprises fading out the at least one of the one or more audio clips. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein initiating at least one additional audio clip of the audio clips comprises fading in the at least one additional audio clip. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein initiating at least one additional audio clip comprises determining an offset play position from which the at least one additional audio clip is played,
optionally wherein the offset play position of the at least one additional audio clip is determined based on a play position of the at least one of the one or more audio clips or on a global count at the time at which the received sensor signal exceeds the first threshold or falls below the second threshold or based on a play position of the at least one of the one or more audio clips at the time at which at least one additional audio clip of the audio clips is initiated. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the offset play position of the at least one additional audio clip is determined based on a ratio of a length of the at least one of the one or more audio clips to a length of the at least one additional audio clip or by performing a modulo operation. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more audio clips and the at least one additional audio clip are synchronized to a common beat, wherein the common beat is adjusted based on
at least one physiological parameter of a person performing the physical exercise and/or the sensor signal and/or at least one environmental parameter. 7. The method of claim 1,
wherein outputting an audio signal comprises playing the one or more audio clips in a loop until the received sensor signal exceeds the first threshold or falls below the second threshold. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising adapting the one or more audio clips or the additional audio clip as a function of:
an elapsed time since the start of the physical exercise; and/or movement characteristics detected by the sensor; and/or at least one physiological parameter of a person performing the physical exercise. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the several audio clips comprise sampled audio data, MIDI clips, OSC clips, or clips of a proprietary format. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor is mounted to an exercise device, or wherein the sensor comprises a wearable sensor. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the several audio clips having a synchronized beat exhibit repeated temporal events that relate to identical intervals therebetween or a recurring pattern of maximum acoustic amplitude or timbre events. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the several audio clips having a synchronized beat exhibit repeated temporal events that relate to identical intervals therebetween or a recurring pattern of maximum acoustic amplitude or timbre events, wherein initiating at least one additional audio clip comprises determining an offset play position from which the at least one additional audio clip is played, wherein the offset play position of the at least one additional audio clip is determined based on a play position of the at least one of the one or more audio clips or on a global count at the time at which the received sensor signal exceeds the first threshold or falls below the second threshold or based on a play position of the at least one of the one or more audio clips at the time at which at least one additional audio clip of the audio clips is initiated. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the at least one additional audio clip that is initiated in response to the sensor signal reaching the first threshold depends on a rate of change of the sensor signal and on a direction in which the first threshold is crossed. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein three or more than three sensor signals are processed to determine which one of the several audio clips is to be output. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising: outputting visual signals, optionally wherein the visual signals comprise animations or information on the physical exercise that is to be performed and/or information on parts of the body that require further exercise and/or information on the way in which the user should be suspended in an exercise device for the physical exercise, optionally wherein the physical exercise is performed on an exercise device or recreational device that allows a user's orientation in three-dimensional real world space to be controlled. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor signal is captured by a sensor attachable to an elastic member of an exercise device. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the sensor is configured to be clipped onto the elastic member. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the sensor is configured to detect a tension and/or compression of the elastic member, and/or wherein the sensor is configured to detect an orientation of the elastic member. 19. The method of claim 1, further comprising: monitoring a sensor output in a calibration routine, optionally wherein the sensor output is mapped onto the sensor signal using a mapping that is dependent on the sensor output monitored in the calibration routine. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the sensor output is monitored through a minimum number of repetitions of a user's movement in the calibration routine, wherein the minimum number of repetitions depends on
the type of sensor that is used and/or whether the user's movement is a cyclical movement. 21. The method of claim 1,
wherein the several audio clips are provided by a sequencer and/or wherein the audio signal or data relating to the audio signal is provided to the sequencer and/or wherein the sequencer provides control information to a device for controlling the acoustic feedback during the physical exercise. 22. A device for controlling acoustic feedback during a physical exercise, the device comprising:
a memory storing several audio clips having a synchronized beat; an input to receive a sensor signal having a sensor signal range divided by first and second thresholds into at least three sensor signal sub-ranges; and a control circuit to control outputting of an audio signal in response to the received sensor signal, the output audio signal comprising one or more of the audio clips output in a synchronized manner; 23. The device of claim 22, wherein the device further comprises an electroacoustic transducer to output the audio signal, and/or wherein the control circuit is configured to perform the method of claim 1. 24. A system, comprising:
a sensor responsive to a user's actions during a physical exercise, the sensor having a sensor signal range; and the device of claim 22. 25. The system of claim 24,
wherein the sensor comprises a wearable sensor or at least one camera, or wherein the system further comprises an exercise device, wherein the sensor is mounted to the exercise device, optionally wherein the exercise device comprises two objects which are connected to one another by an elastic element, wherein the sensor comprises an accelerometer and/or a gyrometer and/or a strain gauge and/or a load cell, optionally wherein the sensor is provided in at least one of the two objects or within or adjacent the elastic element. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the exercise device allows a user's orientation in three-dimensional real world space to be controlled while the user is suspended on the exercise device. 27. A computer program comprising software code adapted to perform the method according to claim 1 when executed by a processor. | 1,600 |
338,919 | 16,641,955 | 1,654 | Methods and kits for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence or metastasis, and of measuring markers of hepatocellular carcinoma, including markers of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence or metastasis, in a blood sample obtained from a subject by (a) isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by contacting a blood sample obtained from the subject with a set of capture antibodies, wherein the capture antibodies specifically bind asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), Glypican-3, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM); (b) contacting the isolated CTCs with an antibody that specifically binds vimentin; and (c) measuring the number of vimentin-positive CTC. | 1. A method of detecting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence or metastasis, the method comprising:
(a) isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from a blood sample obtained from a subject by contacting the CTCs with a set of capture antibodies, wherein the capture antibodies specifically bind asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), Glypican-3, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM); (b) contacting the isolated CTCs with an antibody that specifically binds vimentin; (c) measuring the number of vimentin-positive CTC per 4 ml blood of the sample, wherein hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence or metastasis is detected if 2 or more vimentin-positive CTCs per 4 ml blood are present in the sample. 2. A method of measuring markers of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence or metastasis in a blood sample obtained from a subject, the method comprising:
(a) isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by contacting the blood sample with a set of capture antibodies, wherein the capture antibodies specifically bind asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), Glypican-3, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM); (b) contacting the isolated CTCs with an antibody that specifically binds vimentin; (c) assigning a status score that reflects the measured amount of vimentin-positive isolated CTCs per volume of blood sample; and, optionally, (d) referring the subject for surgical transplant if the status score is less than 2 vimentin-positive CTC per 4 ml blood, or treating the subject for hepatocellular carcinoma if the status score is greater than or equal to 2 vimentin-positive CTCs per 4 ml blood. 3. A method of screening for advanced or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in a subject, the method comprising performing the method of claim 2. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising treating the subject for advanced or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. 5. A method of identifying patients eligible for liver transplant, the method comprising performing the method of claim 2. 6. A method of treating cirrhosis in a subject, the method comprising:
(a) isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by contacting a blood sample obtained from the subject with a set of capture antibodies, wherein the capture antibodies specifically bind asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), Glypican-3, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM); (b) contacting the isolated CTCs with an antibody that specifically binds vimentin; (c) measuring the amount of vimentin-positive isolated CTCs per volume of blood sample; and (d) treating the subject with liver transplant if the status score is less than 2 vimentin-positive CTC per 4 ml blood, or treating the subject for hepatocellular carcinoma if the status score is greater than or equal to 2 vimentin-positive CTCs per 4 ml blood. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the contacting of steps (a) and/or (b) are performed using a microarray or nanosurface to which the antibodies are bound. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the contacting of step (a) is performed with all of the capture antibodies bound to a single surface. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the capture antibodies are bound to the surface via biotin-streptavidin binding. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the contacting of step (a) is performed separately with each of the capture antibodies. 11. The method of anyone of claim 1, wherein the vimentin-positive cells are cytokeratin-positive and CD45-negative. 12. A kit comprising:
(a) a set of capture antibodies, wherein the capture antibodies specifically bind asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), Glypican-3, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM); and (b) an antibody that specifically binds vimentin. 13. The kit of claim 12, further comprising:
(c) a surface to which the set of capture antibodies are bound. | Methods and kits for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence or metastasis, and of measuring markers of hepatocellular carcinoma, including markers of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence or metastasis, in a blood sample obtained from a subject by (a) isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by contacting a blood sample obtained from the subject with a set of capture antibodies, wherein the capture antibodies specifically bind asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), Glypican-3, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM); (b) contacting the isolated CTCs with an antibody that specifically binds vimentin; and (c) measuring the number of vimentin-positive CTC.1. A method of detecting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence or metastasis, the method comprising:
(a) isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from a blood sample obtained from a subject by contacting the CTCs with a set of capture antibodies, wherein the capture antibodies specifically bind asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), Glypican-3, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM); (b) contacting the isolated CTCs with an antibody that specifically binds vimentin; (c) measuring the number of vimentin-positive CTC per 4 ml blood of the sample, wherein hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence or metastasis is detected if 2 or more vimentin-positive CTCs per 4 ml blood are present in the sample. 2. A method of measuring markers of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence or metastasis in a blood sample obtained from a subject, the method comprising:
(a) isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by contacting the blood sample with a set of capture antibodies, wherein the capture antibodies specifically bind asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), Glypican-3, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM); (b) contacting the isolated CTCs with an antibody that specifically binds vimentin; (c) assigning a status score that reflects the measured amount of vimentin-positive isolated CTCs per volume of blood sample; and, optionally, (d) referring the subject for surgical transplant if the status score is less than 2 vimentin-positive CTC per 4 ml blood, or treating the subject for hepatocellular carcinoma if the status score is greater than or equal to 2 vimentin-positive CTCs per 4 ml blood. 3. A method of screening for advanced or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in a subject, the method comprising performing the method of claim 2. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising treating the subject for advanced or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. 5. A method of identifying patients eligible for liver transplant, the method comprising performing the method of claim 2. 6. A method of treating cirrhosis in a subject, the method comprising:
(a) isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by contacting a blood sample obtained from the subject with a set of capture antibodies, wherein the capture antibodies specifically bind asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), Glypican-3, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM); (b) contacting the isolated CTCs with an antibody that specifically binds vimentin; (c) measuring the amount of vimentin-positive isolated CTCs per volume of blood sample; and (d) treating the subject with liver transplant if the status score is less than 2 vimentin-positive CTC per 4 ml blood, or treating the subject for hepatocellular carcinoma if the status score is greater than or equal to 2 vimentin-positive CTCs per 4 ml blood. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the contacting of steps (a) and/or (b) are performed using a microarray or nanosurface to which the antibodies are bound. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the contacting of step (a) is performed with all of the capture antibodies bound to a single surface. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the capture antibodies are bound to the surface via biotin-streptavidin binding. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the contacting of step (a) is performed separately with each of the capture antibodies. 11. The method of anyone of claim 1, wherein the vimentin-positive cells are cytokeratin-positive and CD45-negative. 12. A kit comprising:
(a) a set of capture antibodies, wherein the capture antibodies specifically bind asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), Glypican-3, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM); and (b) an antibody that specifically binds vimentin. 13. The kit of claim 12, further comprising:
(c) a surface to which the set of capture antibodies are bound. | 1,600 |
338,920 | 16,641,971 | 1,654 | The present invention provides a benzoic acid ester compound that has an enteropeptidase inhibitory effect, and use of the compound as a medicament for the treatment or prevention of obesity, diabetes mellitus, or the like.A compound represented by the formula (I) or a salt thereof has an enteropeptidase inhibitory effect and is useful as a medicament for the treatment or prevention of obesity, diabetes mellitus, or the like:[in the formula, each symbol is as defined in the specification]. | 1. A compound comprising the formula (I) or a salt thereof: 2. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein X is NH, and Y is **—C(═O)O—. 3. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein each of R1 and R2 is a hydrogen atom, R3 is a C1-8 alkyl group substituted by two carboxyl groups. 4. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein each of Qa and Qb is —(CH2)mO—*, m is an integer of 0 to 3, Z is —[(CR6aR6b)q-O]r—(CR7aR7b)s-, each of q and s is an integer of 1 to 6, and r is an integer of 0 to 10. 5. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein each of Qa and Qb is O, Z is —[(CH2)2—O]r—(CH2)2—, r is an integer of 0 to 3, X is NH, Y is **—C(═O)O—, each of R1 and R2 is a hydrogen atom, R3 is a C1-8 alkyl group substituted by two carboxyl groups, and n is O. 6. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises (2S)-2-[[3-[2-[2-[2-[3-[[(1S)-1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 7. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises (2R)-2-[[3-[2-[2-[2-[3-[[(1R)-1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 8. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises (2S)-2-[[3-[2-[2-[3-[[(1S)-1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 9. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises (2R)-2-[[3-[2-[2-[3-[[(1R)-1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 10. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises (2R)-2-[[3-[2-[3-[[(1R)-1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 11. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises (2S)-2-[[3-[2-[3-[[(1S)-1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 12. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises (2R)-2-[[2-[2-[2-[2-[[(1R)-1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-4-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 13. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises (2S)-2-[[2-[2-[2-[2-[[(1S)-1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-4-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 14. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises (2R)-2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(1R)-1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]-4-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 15. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises 2-[[3-[2-[2-[2-[3-[[1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof, or
2-[[3-[2-[3-[[1,2-dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 16. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises 2-[[3-[2-[2-[3-[[1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof;
2-[[2-[2-[2-[2-[[1,2-dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-4-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof; or
2-[[2-[2-[2-[[1,2-dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]-4-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 17. A medicament comprising the compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof. 18-20. (canceled) 21. A method for preventing or treating obesity, diabetes mellitus, fatty liver including non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis and/or renal disease, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof to the mammal. 22-27. (canceled) 28. The method according to claim 21, wherein the method prevents or treats obesity. 29. The method according to claim 21, wherein the method prevents or treats fatty liver including non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis. | The present invention provides a benzoic acid ester compound that has an enteropeptidase inhibitory effect, and use of the compound as a medicament for the treatment or prevention of obesity, diabetes mellitus, or the like.A compound represented by the formula (I) or a salt thereof has an enteropeptidase inhibitory effect and is useful as a medicament for the treatment or prevention of obesity, diabetes mellitus, or the like:[in the formula, each symbol is as defined in the specification].1. A compound comprising the formula (I) or a salt thereof: 2. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein X is NH, and Y is **—C(═O)O—. 3. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein each of R1 and R2 is a hydrogen atom, R3 is a C1-8 alkyl group substituted by two carboxyl groups. 4. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein each of Qa and Qb is —(CH2)mO—*, m is an integer of 0 to 3, Z is —[(CR6aR6b)q-O]r—(CR7aR7b)s-, each of q and s is an integer of 1 to 6, and r is an integer of 0 to 10. 5. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein each of Qa and Qb is O, Z is —[(CH2)2—O]r—(CH2)2—, r is an integer of 0 to 3, X is NH, Y is **—C(═O)O—, each of R1 and R2 is a hydrogen atom, R3 is a C1-8 alkyl group substituted by two carboxyl groups, and n is O. 6. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises (2S)-2-[[3-[2-[2-[2-[3-[[(1S)-1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 7. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises (2R)-2-[[3-[2-[2-[2-[3-[[(1R)-1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 8. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises (2S)-2-[[3-[2-[2-[3-[[(1S)-1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 9. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises (2R)-2-[[3-[2-[2-[3-[[(1R)-1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 10. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises (2R)-2-[[3-[2-[3-[[(1R)-1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 11. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises (2S)-2-[[3-[2-[3-[[(1S)-1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 12. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises (2R)-2-[[2-[2-[2-[2-[[(1R)-1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-4-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 13. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises (2S)-2-[[2-[2-[2-[2-[[(1S)-1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-4-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 14. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises (2R)-2-[[2-[2-[2-[[(1R)-1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]-4-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 15. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises 2-[[3-[2-[2-[2-[3-[[1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof, or
2-[[3-[2-[3-[[1,2-dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 16. The compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof, wherein the compound comprises 2-[[3-[2-[2-[3-[[1,2-Dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof;
2-[[2-[2-[2-[2-[[1,2-dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]-4-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof; or
2-[[2-[2-[2-[[1,2-dicarboxyethyl]carbamoyl]-5-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxyphenoxy]ethoxy]-4-(4-guanidinobenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]amino]butanedioic acid or a salt thereof. 17. A medicament comprising the compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof. 18-20. (canceled) 21. A method for preventing or treating obesity, diabetes mellitus, fatty liver including non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis and/or renal disease, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound according to claim 1 or a salt thereof to the mammal. 22-27. (canceled) 28. The method according to claim 21, wherein the method prevents or treats obesity. 29. The method according to claim 21, wherein the method prevents or treats fatty liver including non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis. | 1,600 |
338,921 | 16,641,974 | 1,654 | The invention relates to a method for monitoring a wind farm. The method includes determining a first ice mass on a first wind turbine of the wind farm; determining at least one second ice mass on at least one second wind turbine of the wind farm; comparing a first ice mass with a second ice mass and determining a primary wind turbine, which serves as a reference, and at least one secondary wind turbine from the group of the first wind turbine and the at least one second wind turbine; switching off the at least one secondary wind turbine on the basis of a first ice mass from the primary wind turbine; and switching on the at least one secondary wind turbine on the basis of a second ice mass from the primary wind turbine. | 1. A method for monitoring a wind farm, comprising:
determining a first ice mass on a first wind turbine of the wind farm; determining at least one second ice mass on at least one second wind turbine of the wind farm; comparing a first increase of the first ice mass with a second increase of the second ice mass for determining a primary wind turbine, which serves as a reference, and at least one secondary wind turbine from the group of the first wind turbine and the at least one second wind turbine; switching off the at least one secondary wind turbine on the basis of a measurement of the primary wind turbine; and switching on the at least one secondary wind turbine on the basis of a measurement of the primary wind turbine. 2. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein, for determining the primary wind turbine, the primary wind turbine exhibits a bigger increase of the determined first or second ice mass or a bigger determined first or second ice mass than the at least one secondary wind turbine. 3. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein a first ice alarm is triggered at the primary wind turbine. 4. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 3, wherein the first ice alarm of the primary wind turbine causes a signal for the at least one secondary wind turbine to be switched off. 5. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 4, wherein a second ice alarm is triggered which causes the turbine to be switched off where the second ice alarm is being triggered. 6. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein the ice mass of the primary wind turbine is measured over the entire duration of icing on the primary wind turbine. 7. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein the switching on of the at least one secondary wind turbine is performed as soon as an ice mass of the primary wind turbine reaches a plateau or an increase of the ice mass of the primary wind turbine becomes negative. 8. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein the method is restarted when a further icing event occurs, wherein the reference turbine of the previous icing event is included if the reference turbine is regenerated. 9. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of electrical sensors and fiber-optic sensors are used for measuring the first ice mass and at least the second ice mass. 10. A device for monitoring a wind farm, comprising:
a controller for controlling wind turbines of the wind farm, the controller being adapted to execute the steps according to the method of claim 1. | The invention relates to a method for monitoring a wind farm. The method includes determining a first ice mass on a first wind turbine of the wind farm; determining at least one second ice mass on at least one second wind turbine of the wind farm; comparing a first ice mass with a second ice mass and determining a primary wind turbine, which serves as a reference, and at least one secondary wind turbine from the group of the first wind turbine and the at least one second wind turbine; switching off the at least one secondary wind turbine on the basis of a first ice mass from the primary wind turbine; and switching on the at least one secondary wind turbine on the basis of a second ice mass from the primary wind turbine.1. A method for monitoring a wind farm, comprising:
determining a first ice mass on a first wind turbine of the wind farm; determining at least one second ice mass on at least one second wind turbine of the wind farm; comparing a first increase of the first ice mass with a second increase of the second ice mass for determining a primary wind turbine, which serves as a reference, and at least one secondary wind turbine from the group of the first wind turbine and the at least one second wind turbine; switching off the at least one secondary wind turbine on the basis of a measurement of the primary wind turbine; and switching on the at least one secondary wind turbine on the basis of a measurement of the primary wind turbine. 2. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein, for determining the primary wind turbine, the primary wind turbine exhibits a bigger increase of the determined first or second ice mass or a bigger determined first or second ice mass than the at least one secondary wind turbine. 3. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein a first ice alarm is triggered at the primary wind turbine. 4. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 3, wherein the first ice alarm of the primary wind turbine causes a signal for the at least one secondary wind turbine to be switched off. 5. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 4, wherein a second ice alarm is triggered which causes the turbine to be switched off where the second ice alarm is being triggered. 6. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein the ice mass of the primary wind turbine is measured over the entire duration of icing on the primary wind turbine. 7. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein the switching on of the at least one secondary wind turbine is performed as soon as an ice mass of the primary wind turbine reaches a plateau or an increase of the ice mass of the primary wind turbine becomes negative. 8. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein the method is restarted when a further icing event occurs, wherein the reference turbine of the previous icing event is included if the reference turbine is regenerated. 9. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of electrical sensors and fiber-optic sensors are used for measuring the first ice mass and at least the second ice mass. 10. A device for monitoring a wind farm, comprising:
a controller for controlling wind turbines of the wind farm, the controller being adapted to execute the steps according to the method of claim 1. | 1,600 |
338,922 | 16,642,005 | 1,654 | The invention relates to a method for monitoring a wind farm. The method includes determining a first ice mass on a first wind turbine of the wind farm; determining at least one second ice mass on at least one second wind turbine of the wind farm; comparing a first ice mass with a second ice mass and determining a primary wind turbine, which serves as a reference, and at least one secondary wind turbine from the group of the first wind turbine and the at least one second wind turbine; switching off the at least one secondary wind turbine on the basis of a first ice mass from the primary wind turbine; and switching on the at least one secondary wind turbine on the basis of a second ice mass from the primary wind turbine. | 1. A method for monitoring a wind farm, comprising:
determining a first ice mass on a first wind turbine of the wind farm; determining at least one second ice mass on at least one second wind turbine of the wind farm; comparing a first increase of the first ice mass with a second increase of the second ice mass for determining a primary wind turbine, which serves as a reference, and at least one secondary wind turbine from the group of the first wind turbine and the at least one second wind turbine; switching off the at least one secondary wind turbine on the basis of a measurement of the primary wind turbine; and switching on the at least one secondary wind turbine on the basis of a measurement of the primary wind turbine. 2. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein, for determining the primary wind turbine, the primary wind turbine exhibits a bigger increase of the determined first or second ice mass or a bigger determined first or second ice mass than the at least one secondary wind turbine. 3. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein a first ice alarm is triggered at the primary wind turbine. 4. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 3, wherein the first ice alarm of the primary wind turbine causes a signal for the at least one secondary wind turbine to be switched off. 5. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 4, wherein a second ice alarm is triggered which causes the turbine to be switched off where the second ice alarm is being triggered. 6. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein the ice mass of the primary wind turbine is measured over the entire duration of icing on the primary wind turbine. 7. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein the switching on of the at least one secondary wind turbine is performed as soon as an ice mass of the primary wind turbine reaches a plateau or an increase of the ice mass of the primary wind turbine becomes negative. 8. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein the method is restarted when a further icing event occurs, wherein the reference turbine of the previous icing event is included if the reference turbine is regenerated. 9. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of electrical sensors and fiber-optic sensors are used for measuring the first ice mass and at least the second ice mass. 10. A device for monitoring a wind farm, comprising:
a controller for controlling wind turbines of the wind farm, the controller being adapted to execute the steps according to the method of claim 1. | The invention relates to a method for monitoring a wind farm. The method includes determining a first ice mass on a first wind turbine of the wind farm; determining at least one second ice mass on at least one second wind turbine of the wind farm; comparing a first ice mass with a second ice mass and determining a primary wind turbine, which serves as a reference, and at least one secondary wind turbine from the group of the first wind turbine and the at least one second wind turbine; switching off the at least one secondary wind turbine on the basis of a first ice mass from the primary wind turbine; and switching on the at least one secondary wind turbine on the basis of a second ice mass from the primary wind turbine.1. A method for monitoring a wind farm, comprising:
determining a first ice mass on a first wind turbine of the wind farm; determining at least one second ice mass on at least one second wind turbine of the wind farm; comparing a first increase of the first ice mass with a second increase of the second ice mass for determining a primary wind turbine, which serves as a reference, and at least one secondary wind turbine from the group of the first wind turbine and the at least one second wind turbine; switching off the at least one secondary wind turbine on the basis of a measurement of the primary wind turbine; and switching on the at least one secondary wind turbine on the basis of a measurement of the primary wind turbine. 2. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein, for determining the primary wind turbine, the primary wind turbine exhibits a bigger increase of the determined first or second ice mass or a bigger determined first or second ice mass than the at least one secondary wind turbine. 3. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein a first ice alarm is triggered at the primary wind turbine. 4. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 3, wherein the first ice alarm of the primary wind turbine causes a signal for the at least one secondary wind turbine to be switched off. 5. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 4, wherein a second ice alarm is triggered which causes the turbine to be switched off where the second ice alarm is being triggered. 6. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein the ice mass of the primary wind turbine is measured over the entire duration of icing on the primary wind turbine. 7. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein the switching on of the at least one secondary wind turbine is performed as soon as an ice mass of the primary wind turbine reaches a plateau or an increase of the ice mass of the primary wind turbine becomes negative. 8. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein the method is restarted when a further icing event occurs, wherein the reference turbine of the previous icing event is included if the reference turbine is regenerated. 9. The method for monitoring a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of electrical sensors and fiber-optic sensors are used for measuring the first ice mass and at least the second ice mass. 10. A device for monitoring a wind farm, comprising:
a controller for controlling wind turbines of the wind farm, the controller being adapted to execute the steps according to the method of claim 1. | 1,600 |
338,923 | 16,641,983 | 1,654 | This invention relates to a method of evaluating powder for lamination shaping by stable criteria. In this method, it is evaluated whether powder for lamination shaping can be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping, wherein the powder is evaluated using, as a flowability of the powder, an adhesive force of the powder calculated from a failure envelope obtained by a shear test. The shear test is conducted by a powder rheometer, and the adhesive force is obtained from the relationship between a normal stress and a shearing stress at the powder rheometer. If the adhesive force is 0.450 kPa or less, the powder is evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. Furthermore, if at least one of that the 50% particle sin of the powder obtained by a laser diffraction method is 3 to 250 μm and that the apparent density of the powder is 3.5 g/cm3 or more is satisfied, the powder is evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. | 1. A method of evaluating whether powder for lamination shaping can be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping, wherein the powder is evaluated using, as a flowability of the powder, an adhesive force of the powder calculated from a failure envelope obtained by a shear test. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the shear test is conducted by a powder rheometer, and the adhesive force is obtained from a relationship between a normal stress and a shearing stress at the powder rheometer. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein if the adhesive force is equal to or less than 0.450 kPa, the powder is evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the powder is evaluated further using at least one of a 50% particle size of the powder obtained by a laser diffraction method, and an apparent density of the powder. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein if at least one of that the 50% particle size of the powder is 3 to 250 μm and that the apparent density of the powder is equal to or more than 3.5 g/cm3 is satisfied, the powder is evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the powder is evaluated further using a satellite adhesion ratio of the powder, which is defined by a ratio of particles having satellite-like fine particles adhered on particle surfaces to particles of the powder. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein if the satellite adhesion ratio is equal to or less than 50%, the powder is evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the powder is metal powder or metal alloy powder. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the metal powder or the metal alloy is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 10. Powder, which has been evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in lamination shaping by a method according to claim 3. 11. The powder according to claim 10, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 12. The method according to claim 3, wherein if at least one of that a 50% particle size of the powder is 3 to 250 μm and that an apparent density of the powder is equal to or more than 3.5 g/cm3 is satisfied, the powder is evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein if a satellite adhesion ratio is equal to or less than 50%, the powder is evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 14. The method according to claim 3, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 15. The method according to claim 5, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 16. The method according to claim 7, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 17. The powder according to claim 10, which has been further evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in lamination shaping by a method according to claim 5. 18. The powder according to claim 17, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 19. The powder according to claim 17, which has been further evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in lamination shaping by a method according to claim 7. 20. The powder according to claim 19, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. | This invention relates to a method of evaluating powder for lamination shaping by stable criteria. In this method, it is evaluated whether powder for lamination shaping can be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping, wherein the powder is evaluated using, as a flowability of the powder, an adhesive force of the powder calculated from a failure envelope obtained by a shear test. The shear test is conducted by a powder rheometer, and the adhesive force is obtained from the relationship between a normal stress and a shearing stress at the powder rheometer. If the adhesive force is 0.450 kPa or less, the powder is evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. Furthermore, if at least one of that the 50% particle sin of the powder obtained by a laser diffraction method is 3 to 250 μm and that the apparent density of the powder is 3.5 g/cm3 or more is satisfied, the powder is evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping.1. A method of evaluating whether powder for lamination shaping can be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping, wherein the powder is evaluated using, as a flowability of the powder, an adhesive force of the powder calculated from a failure envelope obtained by a shear test. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the shear test is conducted by a powder rheometer, and the adhesive force is obtained from a relationship between a normal stress and a shearing stress at the powder rheometer. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein if the adhesive force is equal to or less than 0.450 kPa, the powder is evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the powder is evaluated further using at least one of a 50% particle size of the powder obtained by a laser diffraction method, and an apparent density of the powder. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein if at least one of that the 50% particle size of the powder is 3 to 250 μm and that the apparent density of the powder is equal to or more than 3.5 g/cm3 is satisfied, the powder is evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the powder is evaluated further using a satellite adhesion ratio of the powder, which is defined by a ratio of particles having satellite-like fine particles adhered on particle surfaces to particles of the powder. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein if the satellite adhesion ratio is equal to or less than 50%, the powder is evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the powder is metal powder or metal alloy powder. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the metal powder or the metal alloy is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 10. Powder, which has been evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in lamination shaping by a method according to claim 3. 11. The powder according to claim 10, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 12. The method according to claim 3, wherein if at least one of that a 50% particle size of the powder is 3 to 250 μm and that an apparent density of the powder is equal to or more than 3.5 g/cm3 is satisfied, the powder is evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein if a satellite adhesion ratio is equal to or less than 50%, the powder is evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. 14. The method according to claim 3, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 15. The method according to claim 5, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 16. The method according to claim 7, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 17. The powder according to claim 10, which has been further evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in lamination shaping by a method according to claim 5. 18. The powder according to claim 17, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. 19. The powder according to claim 17, which has been further evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in lamination shaping by a method according to claim 7. 20. The powder according to claim 19, wherein the powder is copper powder or copper alloy powder. | 1,600 |
338,924 | 16,641,986 | 1,654 | The secretome derived from mesenchymal stem cells according to the present disclosure may significantly decrease mortality and the amount of proteinuria, and may increase body weight, decrease the expression of serum creatinine, and inhibit glomerular, coronary and vascular damage in kidney tissue. Furthermore, the secretome may reduce the size of an enlarged spleen and reduce the number of splenocytes and CD4-positive T cells. In addition, the secretome may increase the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1 in serum, and decrease the expression of anti-dsDNA antibody. In the mechanism thereof, the secretome may effectively prevent, ameliorate or treat lupus nephritis and, furthermore, lupus, by increasing the activity of Treg cells and inhibiting the activity of the inflammatory cells Th1 and Th2 cells, B cells, dendritic cells and inflammatory macrophages. | 1-18. (canceled) 19. A method for preventing or treating lupus, comprising a step of administering a target subject a secretome derived from mesenchymal stem cells in order to prevent or treat lupus. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the secretome is isolated from a culture obtained by culturing the mesenchymal stem cells. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the culturing of the mesenchymal stem cells is performed by culturing the mesenchymal stem cells in a mesenchymal stem cell culture medium for 24 to 96 hours, and then culturing the mesenchymal stem cells in a serum-free medium for 24 to 72 hours. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the mesenchymal stem cell culture medium is any one selected from the group consisting of a Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing 5 to 15 wt % of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.05 to 0.2 mM of mercaptoethanol, RPMI-1640 medium, StemPro medium, MSCGro medium, MesenCult medium, and Nutri Stem medium. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein the secretome is a concentrate obtained after centrifuging the culture of the mesenchymal stem cells at 500 to 1,500 xg and recovering a supernatant of the centrifuged culture. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the concentrate is obtained by a step of filtering the supernatant through a 0.1 to 0.3 μm filter, and a step of filtering molecules of 3 kDa or less in size. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the filtering of the molecules of 3 kDa or less in size is performed by diafiltration using a tangential flow filtration (TFF) system. 26. The method of claim 23, wherein the concentrate is obtained by reacting the recovered supernatant with a polar alcohol solvent. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the reaction of the supernatant with the polar alcohol solvent is performed at a temperature of −30 to 0° C. for 5 to 500 minutes. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the polar alcohol solvent is mixed with the supernatant in an amount of 2 to 5 times the weight of the supernatant. 29. The method of claim 23, wherein the concentrate is a freeze-dried concentrate. 30. A method for preventing or ameliorating lupus, comprising a step of administering a target subject a secretome derived from mesenchymal stem cells in order to prevent or ameliorate lupus. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the secretome is isolated from a culture obtained by culturing the mesenchymal stem cells. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the culturing of the mesenchymal stem cells is performed by culturing the mesenchymal stem cells in a mesenchymal stem cell culture medium for 24 to 96 hours, and then culturing the mesenchymal stem cells in a serum-free medium for 24 to 72 hours. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the mesenchymal stem cell culture medium is any one selected from the group consisting of a Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing 5 to 15 wt % of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.05 to 0.2 mM of mercaptoethanol, RPMI-1640 medium, StemPro medium, MSCGro medium, MesenCult medium, and NutriStem medium. 34. The method of claim 31, wherein the secretome is a concentrate obtained after centrifuging the culture of the mesenchymal stem cells at 500 to 1,500 xg and recovering a supernatant of the centrifuged culture. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the concentrate is obtained by a step of filtering the supernatant through a 0.1 to 0.3 μm filter, and a step of filtering molecules of 3 kDa or less in size. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the filtering of the molecules of 3 kDa or less in size is performed by diafiltration using a tangential flow filtration (TFF) system. | The secretome derived from mesenchymal stem cells according to the present disclosure may significantly decrease mortality and the amount of proteinuria, and may increase body weight, decrease the expression of serum creatinine, and inhibit glomerular, coronary and vascular damage in kidney tissue. Furthermore, the secretome may reduce the size of an enlarged spleen and reduce the number of splenocytes and CD4-positive T cells. In addition, the secretome may increase the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1 in serum, and decrease the expression of anti-dsDNA antibody. In the mechanism thereof, the secretome may effectively prevent, ameliorate or treat lupus nephritis and, furthermore, lupus, by increasing the activity of Treg cells and inhibiting the activity of the inflammatory cells Th1 and Th2 cells, B cells, dendritic cells and inflammatory macrophages.1-18. (canceled) 19. A method for preventing or treating lupus, comprising a step of administering a target subject a secretome derived from mesenchymal stem cells in order to prevent or treat lupus. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the secretome is isolated from a culture obtained by culturing the mesenchymal stem cells. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the culturing of the mesenchymal stem cells is performed by culturing the mesenchymal stem cells in a mesenchymal stem cell culture medium for 24 to 96 hours, and then culturing the mesenchymal stem cells in a serum-free medium for 24 to 72 hours. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the mesenchymal stem cell culture medium is any one selected from the group consisting of a Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing 5 to 15 wt % of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.05 to 0.2 mM of mercaptoethanol, RPMI-1640 medium, StemPro medium, MSCGro medium, MesenCult medium, and Nutri Stem medium. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein the secretome is a concentrate obtained after centrifuging the culture of the mesenchymal stem cells at 500 to 1,500 xg and recovering a supernatant of the centrifuged culture. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the concentrate is obtained by a step of filtering the supernatant through a 0.1 to 0.3 μm filter, and a step of filtering molecules of 3 kDa or less in size. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the filtering of the molecules of 3 kDa or less in size is performed by diafiltration using a tangential flow filtration (TFF) system. 26. The method of claim 23, wherein the concentrate is obtained by reacting the recovered supernatant with a polar alcohol solvent. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the reaction of the supernatant with the polar alcohol solvent is performed at a temperature of −30 to 0° C. for 5 to 500 minutes. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the polar alcohol solvent is mixed with the supernatant in an amount of 2 to 5 times the weight of the supernatant. 29. The method of claim 23, wherein the concentrate is a freeze-dried concentrate. 30. A method for preventing or ameliorating lupus, comprising a step of administering a target subject a secretome derived from mesenchymal stem cells in order to prevent or ameliorate lupus. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the secretome is isolated from a culture obtained by culturing the mesenchymal stem cells. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the culturing of the mesenchymal stem cells is performed by culturing the mesenchymal stem cells in a mesenchymal stem cell culture medium for 24 to 96 hours, and then culturing the mesenchymal stem cells in a serum-free medium for 24 to 72 hours. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the mesenchymal stem cell culture medium is any one selected from the group consisting of a Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing 5 to 15 wt % of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.05 to 0.2 mM of mercaptoethanol, RPMI-1640 medium, StemPro medium, MSCGro medium, MesenCult medium, and NutriStem medium. 34. The method of claim 31, wherein the secretome is a concentrate obtained after centrifuging the culture of the mesenchymal stem cells at 500 to 1,500 xg and recovering a supernatant of the centrifuged culture. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the concentrate is obtained by a step of filtering the supernatant through a 0.1 to 0.3 μm filter, and a step of filtering molecules of 3 kDa or less in size. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the filtering of the molecules of 3 kDa or less in size is performed by diafiltration using a tangential flow filtration (TFF) system. | 1,600 |
338,925 | 16,641,998 | 1,654 | Provided is a vehicle control device (ECU) 10 which comprises a target traveling course calculation part 10a to calculate a target traveling course R of a vehicle 1, wherein the target traveling course calculation part 10a is configured to, upon detection of an obstacle, correct the target traveling course R so as to avoid the obstacle (S14). The target traveling course calculation part 10a is configured to, in the traveling course correction processing, correct the target traveling course R to calculate corrected traveling course candidate for avoiding the obstacle; and evaluate the corrected traveling course candidates with respect to the target traveling course R by an evaluation function J including evaluation factors, to derive one corrected traveling course according to the evaluation. The target traveling course calculation part 10a is configured to revise the evaluation factors based on an external signal. | 1. A vehicle control device comprising a target traveling course calculation part for calculating a target traveling course of a vehicle,
wherein the target traveling course calculation part is configured to, upon detection of an obstacle, execute traveling course correction processing of correcting the target traveling course so as to avoid the obstacle, wherein the target traveling course calculation part is configured to, in the traveling course correction processing, set a speed distribution area extending at least from the obstacle toward the vehicle and defining a distribution of an allowable upper limit of a relative speed of the vehicle with respect to the obstacle, wherein the allowable upper limit in the speed distribution area is set such that it becomes larger as the distance from the obstacle becomes larger; correct the target traveling course to calculate a plurality of corrected traveling course candidates, on which the vehicle travels in the speed distribution area such that the relative speed of the vehicle with respect to the obstacle does not exceed the allowable upper limit in the speed distribution area; and evaluate the corrected traveling course candidates with respect to the target traveling course by a given evaluation function including a plurality of evaluation factors, to derive one corrected traveling course according to the evaluation, and wherein the target traveling course calculation part is configured to revise the evaluation factors based on an external signal. 2. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 1, wherein the revision of the evaluation function is to change weighting of the plurality of evaluation factors. 3. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 1, further comprising a revision part to allow a driver to revise the evaluation factors of the evaluation function,
wherein the revision part is configured to, when the driver manipulates the revision part, output a revision request signal as the external signal. 4. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 3, wherein the plurality of evaluation factors include an evaluation factor regarding a longitudinal behavior of the vehicle, and an evaluation factor regarding a lateral behavior of the vehicle, and
wherein the revision part is configured to revise the evaluation factor regarding the longitudinal behavior of the vehicle, and the evaluation factor regarding the lateral behavior of the vehicle. 5. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 1, wherein the vehicle has a plurality of driving support modes, and
wherein a numerical range in which the evaluation factors are permitted to be revised is set differently according to each of the driving support modes. 6. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 1, wherein the target traveling course calculation part is configured to, in the traveling course correction processing, derive the corrected traveling course so as to satisfy a given limiting condition for limiting a behavior of the vehicle, and
wherein the vehicle control device is configured to prevent change of the limiting condition by a driver. 7. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 1, further comprising an environmental information acquisition part to acquire environmental information regarding a weather or a traveling road state around the vehicle,
wherein the target traveling course calculation part is configured to receive, as the external signal, the environmental information from the environmental information acquisition part, and revise the evaluation factors according to the received environmental information. 8. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 1, wherein the target traveling course calculation part is configured to, in the traveling course correction processing, derive the corrected traveling course so as to satisfy a given limiting condition for limiting a behavior of the vehicle, and
the vehicle control device further comprises an environmental information acquisition part to acquire environmental information regarding a weather or a traveling road state around the vehicle, and the target traveling course calculation part is configured to revise the limiting condition according to the environmental information acquired by the environmental information acquisition part. 9.-14. (canceled) | Provided is a vehicle control device (ECU) 10 which comprises a target traveling course calculation part 10a to calculate a target traveling course R of a vehicle 1, wherein the target traveling course calculation part 10a is configured to, upon detection of an obstacle, correct the target traveling course R so as to avoid the obstacle (S14). The target traveling course calculation part 10a is configured to, in the traveling course correction processing, correct the target traveling course R to calculate corrected traveling course candidate for avoiding the obstacle; and evaluate the corrected traveling course candidates with respect to the target traveling course R by an evaluation function J including evaluation factors, to derive one corrected traveling course according to the evaluation. The target traveling course calculation part 10a is configured to revise the evaluation factors based on an external signal.1. A vehicle control device comprising a target traveling course calculation part for calculating a target traveling course of a vehicle,
wherein the target traveling course calculation part is configured to, upon detection of an obstacle, execute traveling course correction processing of correcting the target traveling course so as to avoid the obstacle, wherein the target traveling course calculation part is configured to, in the traveling course correction processing, set a speed distribution area extending at least from the obstacle toward the vehicle and defining a distribution of an allowable upper limit of a relative speed of the vehicle with respect to the obstacle, wherein the allowable upper limit in the speed distribution area is set such that it becomes larger as the distance from the obstacle becomes larger; correct the target traveling course to calculate a plurality of corrected traveling course candidates, on which the vehicle travels in the speed distribution area such that the relative speed of the vehicle with respect to the obstacle does not exceed the allowable upper limit in the speed distribution area; and evaluate the corrected traveling course candidates with respect to the target traveling course by a given evaluation function including a plurality of evaluation factors, to derive one corrected traveling course according to the evaluation, and wherein the target traveling course calculation part is configured to revise the evaluation factors based on an external signal. 2. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 1, wherein the revision of the evaluation function is to change weighting of the plurality of evaluation factors. 3. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 1, further comprising a revision part to allow a driver to revise the evaluation factors of the evaluation function,
wherein the revision part is configured to, when the driver manipulates the revision part, output a revision request signal as the external signal. 4. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 3, wherein the plurality of evaluation factors include an evaluation factor regarding a longitudinal behavior of the vehicle, and an evaluation factor regarding a lateral behavior of the vehicle, and
wherein the revision part is configured to revise the evaluation factor regarding the longitudinal behavior of the vehicle, and the evaluation factor regarding the lateral behavior of the vehicle. 5. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 1, wherein the vehicle has a plurality of driving support modes, and
wherein a numerical range in which the evaluation factors are permitted to be revised is set differently according to each of the driving support modes. 6. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 1, wherein the target traveling course calculation part is configured to, in the traveling course correction processing, derive the corrected traveling course so as to satisfy a given limiting condition for limiting a behavior of the vehicle, and
wherein the vehicle control device is configured to prevent change of the limiting condition by a driver. 7. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 1, further comprising an environmental information acquisition part to acquire environmental information regarding a weather or a traveling road state around the vehicle,
wherein the target traveling course calculation part is configured to receive, as the external signal, the environmental information from the environmental information acquisition part, and revise the evaluation factors according to the received environmental information. 8. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 1, wherein the target traveling course calculation part is configured to, in the traveling course correction processing, derive the corrected traveling course so as to satisfy a given limiting condition for limiting a behavior of the vehicle, and
the vehicle control device further comprises an environmental information acquisition part to acquire environmental information regarding a weather or a traveling road state around the vehicle, and the target traveling course calculation part is configured to revise the limiting condition according to the environmental information acquired by the environmental information acquisition part. 9.-14. (canceled) | 1,600 |
338,926 | 16,641,966 | 1,654 | The present application relates to a process for the purification of waste materials or industrial by-products, the process comprising the steps of: a) Preparing a composition (C) by blending or mixing waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B) with one or more materials comprising heavy metals (HM) b) Reacting (B) and (HM) by thermal treatment of (C) c) Separating evaporated heavy metal chloride compounds (HMCC) d) Obtaining a solid material after the thermal treatment step. | 1. Process for the purification of waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B), the process comprising the steps of:
a) Preparing a composition (C) by blending or mixing waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B) with one or more materials comprising heavy metals (HM) b) Reacting (B) and (HM) by thermal treatment of (C) c) Separating evaporated heavy metal chloride compounds (HMCC) d) Obtaining a solid material after the thermal treatment step, wherein
the heavy metals (HM) are one or more from the following set of elements: Zn, Pb, Hg, Cu, Cd, Tl, In, Sn, Ni, Co
the thermal treatment is carried out at a temperature of 500-1200° C. and under a non-oxidizing atmosphere,
the materials comprising heavy metals (HM) and the waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B) being mixed or blended in the presence of water, with 2-50% by mass, preferably 5-30% by mass, more preferably 10-20% by mass, of water being present in the total composition (C), and
the ratio of the materials comprising heavy metals (HM) and the waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B) is chosen so that the chlorine content of the composition (C) is between 100 and 150%, preferably between 100 and 130%, most preferably between 100 and 110%, of the amount being necessary for a stoichiometric conversion of the heavy metals (HM) in the materials comprising heavy metals (HM) into chlorides, or
the ratio of the materials comprising heavy metals (HM) and the waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B) is chosen so that the chlorine content of the composition (C) is between 80 and 100%, preferably between 90 and 99%, most preferably between 90 and 95%, of the amount being necessary for a stoichiometric conversion of the zinc in the materials comprising heavy metals (HM) into chlorides. 2. Process according to claim 1, wherein the solid material obtained after the thermal treatment step is recycled into an industrial process, preferably into a cement manufacturing process or into a metallurgical process. 3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B) being a dust from cement manufacturing, preferably by-pass dust from cement manufacturing, comprising 1-30% by mass, preferably 2-20% by mass, more preferably 3-15% by mass, of chloride. 4. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the materials comprising heavy metals (HM) comprising >0.1% by mass, preferably >0.5% by mass, more preferably >2% by mass, most preferably >20% by mass, of Zn and/or Pb. 5. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the material comprising heavy metals (HM) comprising or consisting of dust from steel production, preferably a sludge or a filter cake obtained by separating dust from steel production (“Gichtgassschlamm”), dust obtained from electrosteel manufacturing or used activated carbon. 6. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B) being or comprising waste metal chlorides obtained from the manufacture of TiO2 according to the chloride process, waste metal chlorides obtained from the manufacture of synthetic rutile from ilmenite, waste iron chlorides obtained from steel pickling, or waste hydrochloric acid, preferably comprising metals like Fe, Zn and/or Pb. 7. Process according to claim 1, characterized by the thermal treatment being carried out at a temperature of 500-900° C., preferably 500-850° C., more preferably 600-700° C. 8. Process according to any one of the preceding claims 1-7, wherein ZnCl2 is evaporated by performing the thermal treatment at temperatures of 500-700° C., preferably 600-680° C. 9. Process according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the thermal treatment is performed at a temperature of 1000-1200°. 10. Process according to claim 1, wherein the waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B) further comprise zinc, the process comprising the steps of
a. Supplying a solution comprising chloride, preferably HCl or FeCl2 b. Separating and collecting any fraction, preferably the fine fraction, of blast furnace dust by passing blast furnace dust through the solution comprising chloride c. Separating the solids from the liquid phase d. Drying the solid material and subjecting it to thermal treatment sufficient for evaporation of ZnCl2 e. collecting the material obtained from thermal treatment 11. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by separating zinc chloride from the gas phase at a temperature above the melting point of zinc chloride and obtaining zinc chloride as a liquid. 12. Use of ZnCl2 obtained by the process according to any one of the preceding claims for electrolytic conversion into metallic Zn, for manufacturing of ZnS pigments, for manufacturing of ZnO or for manufacturing micronutrient fertilizers. | The present application relates to a process for the purification of waste materials or industrial by-products, the process comprising the steps of: a) Preparing a composition (C) by blending or mixing waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B) with one or more materials comprising heavy metals (HM) b) Reacting (B) and (HM) by thermal treatment of (C) c) Separating evaporated heavy metal chloride compounds (HMCC) d) Obtaining a solid material after the thermal treatment step.1. Process for the purification of waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B), the process comprising the steps of:
a) Preparing a composition (C) by blending or mixing waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B) with one or more materials comprising heavy metals (HM) b) Reacting (B) and (HM) by thermal treatment of (C) c) Separating evaporated heavy metal chloride compounds (HMCC) d) Obtaining a solid material after the thermal treatment step, wherein
the heavy metals (HM) are one or more from the following set of elements: Zn, Pb, Hg, Cu, Cd, Tl, In, Sn, Ni, Co
the thermal treatment is carried out at a temperature of 500-1200° C. and under a non-oxidizing atmosphere,
the materials comprising heavy metals (HM) and the waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B) being mixed or blended in the presence of water, with 2-50% by mass, preferably 5-30% by mass, more preferably 10-20% by mass, of water being present in the total composition (C), and
the ratio of the materials comprising heavy metals (HM) and the waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B) is chosen so that the chlorine content of the composition (C) is between 100 and 150%, preferably between 100 and 130%, most preferably between 100 and 110%, of the amount being necessary for a stoichiometric conversion of the heavy metals (HM) in the materials comprising heavy metals (HM) into chlorides, or
the ratio of the materials comprising heavy metals (HM) and the waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B) is chosen so that the chlorine content of the composition (C) is between 80 and 100%, preferably between 90 and 99%, most preferably between 90 and 95%, of the amount being necessary for a stoichiometric conversion of the zinc in the materials comprising heavy metals (HM) into chlorides. 2. Process according to claim 1, wherein the solid material obtained after the thermal treatment step is recycled into an industrial process, preferably into a cement manufacturing process or into a metallurgical process. 3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B) being a dust from cement manufacturing, preferably by-pass dust from cement manufacturing, comprising 1-30% by mass, preferably 2-20% by mass, more preferably 3-15% by mass, of chloride. 4. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the materials comprising heavy metals (HM) comprising >0.1% by mass, preferably >0.5% by mass, more preferably >2% by mass, most preferably >20% by mass, of Zn and/or Pb. 5. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the material comprising heavy metals (HM) comprising or consisting of dust from steel production, preferably a sludge or a filter cake obtained by separating dust from steel production (“Gichtgassschlamm”), dust obtained from electrosteel manufacturing or used activated carbon. 6. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B) being or comprising waste metal chlorides obtained from the manufacture of TiO2 according to the chloride process, waste metal chlorides obtained from the manufacture of synthetic rutile from ilmenite, waste iron chlorides obtained from steel pickling, or waste hydrochloric acid, preferably comprising metals like Fe, Zn and/or Pb. 7. Process according to claim 1, characterized by the thermal treatment being carried out at a temperature of 500-900° C., preferably 500-850° C., more preferably 600-700° C. 8. Process according to any one of the preceding claims 1-7, wherein ZnCl2 is evaporated by performing the thermal treatment at temperatures of 500-700° C., preferably 600-680° C. 9. Process according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the thermal treatment is performed at a temperature of 1000-1200°. 10. Process according to claim 1, wherein the waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B) further comprise zinc, the process comprising the steps of
a. Supplying a solution comprising chloride, preferably HCl or FeCl2 b. Separating and collecting any fraction, preferably the fine fraction, of blast furnace dust by passing blast furnace dust through the solution comprising chloride c. Separating the solids from the liquid phase d. Drying the solid material and subjecting it to thermal treatment sufficient for evaporation of ZnCl2 e. collecting the material obtained from thermal treatment 11. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by separating zinc chloride from the gas phase at a temperature above the melting point of zinc chloride and obtaining zinc chloride as a liquid. 12. Use of ZnCl2 obtained by the process according to any one of the preceding claims for electrolytic conversion into metallic Zn, for manufacturing of ZnS pigments, for manufacturing of ZnO or for manufacturing micronutrient fertilizers. | 1,600 |
338,927 | 16,799,827 | 1,654 | Disclosed is a method of generating a code including additional information, including: generating, by an administrator module interworking with a product selling server, a first code including information about a product to be sold by a seller; generating, by the administrator module, a second code including information about a store where the product to be sold by the seller is located and distinguished from the first code; and generating, by the administrator module, a completion code including the product information and the store information of the corresponding product by combining a plurality of codes including the first and second codes, wherein the completion code is configured to have information different from the first and second codes by combining information about a same point of the first and second codes. | 1. A method of generating a code including additional information, the method comprising:
generating, by an administrator module interworking with a product selling server, a first code including information about a product to be sold by a seller; generating, by the administrator module, a second code including information about a store where the product to be sold by the seller is located and distinguished from the first code; and generating, by the administrator module, a completion code including the product information and the store information of the corresponding product by combining a plurality of codes including the first and second codes, wherein the completion code is configured to have information different from the first and second codes by combining information about a same point of the first and second codes. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating of the completion code by the administrator module includes combining information about colors of the first and second codes to generate the completion code when the first and second codes including QR codes having a same standard overlap to be overlaid with each other at a same location. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first and second codes are divided into a plurality of sectors having a specified size, and the completion code is combined with color information corresponding to a sector disposed at a same position as the first and second codes. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the completion code is pre-stored in the administrator module when the color information of the first and second codes is combined, and a value of a color that is generable when combining colors assigned to each code is matched with a previously stored color table to change to a corresponding color. 5. A code including additional information, the code comprising:
data on a first code formed to include information about a product by an administrator module of a product selling server, and data on a second code, which is distinguished from the first code, formed by the administrator module of the product selling server to include information about a store where the product is located, wherein the data on the first and second codes are combined, and wherein the code is configured to have information different from the first and second codes by combining information about a same point of the first and second codes. 6. A method of reading a code including additional information, wherein the code includes data on a first code formed to include information about a product by an administrator module of a product selling server, and data on a second code, which is distinguished from the first code, formed by the administrator module of the product selling server to include information about a store where the product is located, and the data on the first and second codes are combined, the method comprising:
scanning, by a purchaser, a completion code of a product to be purchased using an application, and extracting, by the application of the purchaser, the additional information included in the completion code by decoding the first and second codes in the completion code. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the decoding of the first and second codes by the application of the purchaser includes
converting the scanned completion code into an image and determining an edge to be identical to a standard of the first and second codes. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
after the converting of the scanned completion code into the image and the determining of the edge to be identical to the standard of the first and second codes, converting the completion code into a data value after assigning sectors having a same size to the first and second codes and recognizing colors of all sectors. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
after the converting of the completion code into the data value, removing the data on the first code from a completion data value and determining a location of the store by determining an image of the second code. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
after the converting of the completion code into the data value, removing the data on the second code from a completion data value and determining an image of the first code to determine the product. | Disclosed is a method of generating a code including additional information, including: generating, by an administrator module interworking with a product selling server, a first code including information about a product to be sold by a seller; generating, by the administrator module, a second code including information about a store where the product to be sold by the seller is located and distinguished from the first code; and generating, by the administrator module, a completion code including the product information and the store information of the corresponding product by combining a plurality of codes including the first and second codes, wherein the completion code is configured to have information different from the first and second codes by combining information about a same point of the first and second codes.1. A method of generating a code including additional information, the method comprising:
generating, by an administrator module interworking with a product selling server, a first code including information about a product to be sold by a seller; generating, by the administrator module, a second code including information about a store where the product to be sold by the seller is located and distinguished from the first code; and generating, by the administrator module, a completion code including the product information and the store information of the corresponding product by combining a plurality of codes including the first and second codes, wherein the completion code is configured to have information different from the first and second codes by combining information about a same point of the first and second codes. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating of the completion code by the administrator module includes combining information about colors of the first and second codes to generate the completion code when the first and second codes including QR codes having a same standard overlap to be overlaid with each other at a same location. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first and second codes are divided into a plurality of sectors having a specified size, and the completion code is combined with color information corresponding to a sector disposed at a same position as the first and second codes. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the completion code is pre-stored in the administrator module when the color information of the first and second codes is combined, and a value of a color that is generable when combining colors assigned to each code is matched with a previously stored color table to change to a corresponding color. 5. A code including additional information, the code comprising:
data on a first code formed to include information about a product by an administrator module of a product selling server, and data on a second code, which is distinguished from the first code, formed by the administrator module of the product selling server to include information about a store where the product is located, wherein the data on the first and second codes are combined, and wherein the code is configured to have information different from the first and second codes by combining information about a same point of the first and second codes. 6. A method of reading a code including additional information, wherein the code includes data on a first code formed to include information about a product by an administrator module of a product selling server, and data on a second code, which is distinguished from the first code, formed by the administrator module of the product selling server to include information about a store where the product is located, and the data on the first and second codes are combined, the method comprising:
scanning, by a purchaser, a completion code of a product to be purchased using an application, and extracting, by the application of the purchaser, the additional information included in the completion code by decoding the first and second codes in the completion code. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the decoding of the first and second codes by the application of the purchaser includes
converting the scanned completion code into an image and determining an edge to be identical to a standard of the first and second codes. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
after the converting of the scanned completion code into the image and the determining of the edge to be identical to the standard of the first and second codes, converting the completion code into a data value after assigning sectors having a same size to the first and second codes and recognizing colors of all sectors. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
after the converting of the completion code into the data value, removing the data on the first code from a completion data value and determining a location of the store by determining an image of the second code. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
after the converting of the completion code into the data value, removing the data on the second code from a completion data value and determining an image of the first code to determine the product. | 1,600 |
338,928 | 16,641,996 | 1,654 | A susceptor 100 is provided with a concave counterbore portion on which a silicon wafer W is placed, and the radial distance L between the center of the susceptor and an opening edge of the counterbore portion varies at 90° periods in the circumferential direction. Meanwhile, when the angle at which the radial distance L is minimum is 0°, the radial distance L is a minimum value L1 at 90°, 180°, and 270°; and the radial distance L is a maximum value L2 at 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°. Accordingly, the pocket width Lp also varies in conformance with the variations of the radial distance L. The opening edge 110C describes four elliptical arcs being convex radially outward when the susceptor 100 is viewed from above. | 1.-8. (canceled) 9. A susceptor for placing a silicon wafer thereon within an epitaxial growth apparatus,
the susceptor being provided with a concave counterbore portion in which the silicon wafer is placed, wherein a radial distance between the center of the susceptor and an opening edge of the counterbore portion varies at 90° periods in the circumferential direction, and when an angle at which the radial distance is minimum is 0°, the radial distance is minimum at 90°, 180°, and 270°, and the radial distance is maximum at 45°, 135°, 2250, and 315°, and the opening edge describes four elliptical arcs being convex radially outward when the susceptor is viewed from above. 10. The susceptor according to claim 9,
wherein the silicon wafer is placed so that a <110> direction of the silicon wafer conforms to the direction of 0° of the susceptor, and in an epitaxial silicon wafer in which an epitaxial layer is formed on a surface of the silicon wafer, the elliptical arcs are provided such that a circumferential thickness profile variation index Δt0 of the epitaxial layer at a position of 1 mm from an edge of the epitaxial silicon wafer in a circumferential direction according to Equation 1 below is 0.75% or less, 11. A susceptor for placing a silicon wafer thereon within an epitaxial growth apparatus,
the susceptor being provided with a concave counterbore portion in which the silicon wafer is placed, wherein a difference between heights of an upper end and a lower end of an inner wall surface on the opening edge side of the counterbore portion varies at 90° periods in the circumferential direction, and when an angle at which the height difference is maximum is 0°, the height difference is maximum at 90°, 180°, and 270°, and the height difference is minimum at 45°, 135°, 2250, and 315°, and in a projection view of a radial exterior of the susceptor, the opening edge of the counterbore portion describes four elliptical arcs being convex on the bottom side of the counterbore portion. 12. The susceptor according to claim 11,
wherein the silicon wafer is placed so that a <110> direction of the silicon wafer conforms to the direction of 0° of the susceptor, and in an epitaxial silicon wafer in which an epitaxial layer is formed on a surface of the silicon wafer, the elliptical arcs are provided such that a circumferential thickness profile variation index Δt0 of the epitaxial layer at a position of 1 mm from an edge of the epitaxial silicon wafer in a circumferential direction according to Equation 1 below is 0.75% or less, 13. A susceptor for placing a silicon wafer thereon within an epitaxial growth apparatus,
the susceptor being provided with a concave counterbore portion in which the silicon wafer is placed, wherein a radial distance between the center of the susceptor and an opening edge of the counterbore portion varies at 90° periods in the circumferential direction, and when an angle at which the radial distance is minimum is 0°, the radial distance is minimum at 90°, 180°, and 270°, and the radial distance is maximum at 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°, the opening edge describes four first elliptical arcs being convex radially outward when the susceptor is viewed from above, a difference between heights of an upper end and a lower end of an inner wall surface on the opening edge side of the counterbore portion varies at 90° periods in the circumferential direction, and when an angle at which the height difference is maximum is 0°, the height difference is maximum at 900, 180°, and 270°, and the height difference is minimum at 45°, 135°, 2250, and 315°, and in a projection view of a radial exterior of the susceptor, the opening edge of the counterbore portion describes four second elliptical arcs being convex on the bottom side of the counterbore portion. 14. The susceptor according to claim 13,
wherein the silicon wafer is placed so that a <110> direction of the silicon wafer conforms to the direction of 0° of the susceptor, and in an epitaxial silicon wafer in which epitaxial layer is formed on a surface of the silicon wafer, the first elliptical arcs and the second elliptical arcs are provided such that a circumferential thickness profile variation index Δt0 of the epitaxial layer at a position of 1 mm from an edge of the epitaxial silicon wafer in a circumferential direction according to Equation 1 below is 0.75% or less, 15. An epitaxial growth apparatus including the susceptor according to claim 9. 16. An epitaxial growth apparatus including the susceptor according to claim 10. 17. An epitaxial growth apparatus including the susceptor according to claim 11. 18. An epitaxial growth apparatus including the susceptor according to claim 12. 19. An epitaxial growth apparatus including the susceptor according to claim 13. 20. An epitaxial growth apparatus including the susceptor according to claim 14. 21. A method of producing an epitaxial silicon wafer, comprising the steps of:
placing the silicon wafer on the susceptor according to claim 9 so that a <110> direction of the silicon wafer conforms to the direction of 00 of the susceptor; and forming an epitaxial layer on the surface of the silicon wafer. 22. A method of producing an epitaxial silicon wafer, comprising the steps of:
placing the silicon wafer on the susceptor according to claim 11 so that a <110> direction of the silicon wafer conforms to the direction of 00 of the susceptor; and forming an epitaxial layer on the surface of the silicon wafer. 23. A method of producing an epitaxial silicon wafer, comprising the steps of:
placing the silicon wafer on the susceptor according to claim 13 so that a <110> direction of the silicon wafer conforms to the direction of 0° of the susceptor; and forming an epitaxial layer on the surface of the silicon wafer. 24. A silicon epitaxial wafer having a surface on which an epitaxial layer is formed,
wherein a circumferential thickness profile variation index Δt0 of the epitaxial layer at a position of 1 mm from an edge of the epitaxial silicon wafer in a circumferential direction according to Equation 1 below is 0.75% or less, | A susceptor 100 is provided with a concave counterbore portion on which a silicon wafer W is placed, and the radial distance L between the center of the susceptor and an opening edge of the counterbore portion varies at 90° periods in the circumferential direction. Meanwhile, when the angle at which the radial distance L is minimum is 0°, the radial distance L is a minimum value L1 at 90°, 180°, and 270°; and the radial distance L is a maximum value L2 at 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°. Accordingly, the pocket width Lp also varies in conformance with the variations of the radial distance L. The opening edge 110C describes four elliptical arcs being convex radially outward when the susceptor 100 is viewed from above.1.-8. (canceled) 9. A susceptor for placing a silicon wafer thereon within an epitaxial growth apparatus,
the susceptor being provided with a concave counterbore portion in which the silicon wafer is placed, wherein a radial distance between the center of the susceptor and an opening edge of the counterbore portion varies at 90° periods in the circumferential direction, and when an angle at which the radial distance is minimum is 0°, the radial distance is minimum at 90°, 180°, and 270°, and the radial distance is maximum at 45°, 135°, 2250, and 315°, and the opening edge describes four elliptical arcs being convex radially outward when the susceptor is viewed from above. 10. The susceptor according to claim 9,
wherein the silicon wafer is placed so that a <110> direction of the silicon wafer conforms to the direction of 0° of the susceptor, and in an epitaxial silicon wafer in which an epitaxial layer is formed on a surface of the silicon wafer, the elliptical arcs are provided such that a circumferential thickness profile variation index Δt0 of the epitaxial layer at a position of 1 mm from an edge of the epitaxial silicon wafer in a circumferential direction according to Equation 1 below is 0.75% or less, 11. A susceptor for placing a silicon wafer thereon within an epitaxial growth apparatus,
the susceptor being provided with a concave counterbore portion in which the silicon wafer is placed, wherein a difference between heights of an upper end and a lower end of an inner wall surface on the opening edge side of the counterbore portion varies at 90° periods in the circumferential direction, and when an angle at which the height difference is maximum is 0°, the height difference is maximum at 90°, 180°, and 270°, and the height difference is minimum at 45°, 135°, 2250, and 315°, and in a projection view of a radial exterior of the susceptor, the opening edge of the counterbore portion describes four elliptical arcs being convex on the bottom side of the counterbore portion. 12. The susceptor according to claim 11,
wherein the silicon wafer is placed so that a <110> direction of the silicon wafer conforms to the direction of 0° of the susceptor, and in an epitaxial silicon wafer in which an epitaxial layer is formed on a surface of the silicon wafer, the elliptical arcs are provided such that a circumferential thickness profile variation index Δt0 of the epitaxial layer at a position of 1 mm from an edge of the epitaxial silicon wafer in a circumferential direction according to Equation 1 below is 0.75% or less, 13. A susceptor for placing a silicon wafer thereon within an epitaxial growth apparatus,
the susceptor being provided with a concave counterbore portion in which the silicon wafer is placed, wherein a radial distance between the center of the susceptor and an opening edge of the counterbore portion varies at 90° periods in the circumferential direction, and when an angle at which the radial distance is minimum is 0°, the radial distance is minimum at 90°, 180°, and 270°, and the radial distance is maximum at 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°, the opening edge describes four first elliptical arcs being convex radially outward when the susceptor is viewed from above, a difference between heights of an upper end and a lower end of an inner wall surface on the opening edge side of the counterbore portion varies at 90° periods in the circumferential direction, and when an angle at which the height difference is maximum is 0°, the height difference is maximum at 900, 180°, and 270°, and the height difference is minimum at 45°, 135°, 2250, and 315°, and in a projection view of a radial exterior of the susceptor, the opening edge of the counterbore portion describes four second elliptical arcs being convex on the bottom side of the counterbore portion. 14. The susceptor according to claim 13,
wherein the silicon wafer is placed so that a <110> direction of the silicon wafer conforms to the direction of 0° of the susceptor, and in an epitaxial silicon wafer in which epitaxial layer is formed on a surface of the silicon wafer, the first elliptical arcs and the second elliptical arcs are provided such that a circumferential thickness profile variation index Δt0 of the epitaxial layer at a position of 1 mm from an edge of the epitaxial silicon wafer in a circumferential direction according to Equation 1 below is 0.75% or less, 15. An epitaxial growth apparatus including the susceptor according to claim 9. 16. An epitaxial growth apparatus including the susceptor according to claim 10. 17. An epitaxial growth apparatus including the susceptor according to claim 11. 18. An epitaxial growth apparatus including the susceptor according to claim 12. 19. An epitaxial growth apparatus including the susceptor according to claim 13. 20. An epitaxial growth apparatus including the susceptor according to claim 14. 21. A method of producing an epitaxial silicon wafer, comprising the steps of:
placing the silicon wafer on the susceptor according to claim 9 so that a <110> direction of the silicon wafer conforms to the direction of 00 of the susceptor; and forming an epitaxial layer on the surface of the silicon wafer. 22. A method of producing an epitaxial silicon wafer, comprising the steps of:
placing the silicon wafer on the susceptor according to claim 11 so that a <110> direction of the silicon wafer conforms to the direction of 00 of the susceptor; and forming an epitaxial layer on the surface of the silicon wafer. 23. A method of producing an epitaxial silicon wafer, comprising the steps of:
placing the silicon wafer on the susceptor according to claim 13 so that a <110> direction of the silicon wafer conforms to the direction of 0° of the susceptor; and forming an epitaxial layer on the surface of the silicon wafer. 24. A silicon epitaxial wafer having a surface on which an epitaxial layer is formed,
wherein a circumferential thickness profile variation index Δt0 of the epitaxial layer at a position of 1 mm from an edge of the epitaxial silicon wafer in a circumferential direction according to Equation 1 below is 0.75% or less, | 1,600 |
338,929 | 16,641,993 | 1,654 | The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, an apparatus of a base station of a first operator in a wireless communication system includes: at least one transceiver; and at least one processor operatively coupled with the at least one transceiver, and the at least one processor is configured to transmit a first signal during a first slot regarding the first operator in a contention duration, and to determine occupancy of a band in an access duration, based on a priority of the first operator, and the priority is determined according to at least one second signal which is detected before the first slot in the contention duration. | 1. A method of a base station of a first operator in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
transmitting a first signal during a first slot regarding the first operator in a contention duration; and determining occupancy of a band in an access duration, based on a priority of the first operator, wherein the priority is determined according to at least one second signal which is detected before the first slot in the contention duration. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the priority based on a number of the at least one second signal, and
wherein the first signal and the at least one second signal are transmitted by different operators. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the priority comprises:
when the at least one second signal is not detected, determining the priority to a highest priority; and when the number of the at least one second signal is N (N is a positive integer), determining the priority to an N+1-th priority. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the occupancy of the band comprises: when N number of end signals are detected, determining occupancy of the band by the first operator in the access duration, and
wherein the end signal indicates that the occupancy of the band by the operator ends. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a first contention range among a plurality of slots of the contention duration; and identifying the first slot regarding the first operator in the first contention range, wherein the first contention range is determined based on a resource occupancy rate of the first operator regarding the band. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the resource occupancy rate is determined based on a size of a traffic load of the base station, a number of operators for sharing the band, and a channel state related to the base station. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving duration information regarding a frame comprising the contention duration and the access duration,
wherein a length of the contention duration and a length of the access duration are determined based on a number of operators for sharing the band. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
transmitting a first notification signal in a last slot of a contention duration of an initial frame which is before the frame; and transmitting a second notification signal in a last symbol of an access duration of the initial frame. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting a start signal to a terminal in response to the occupancy of the band being determined; and transmitting downlink traffic to the terminal in the access duration after transmitting the start signal. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the first signal and the at least one second signal is a reservation signal, and
wherein the band is an unlicensed band. 11. A method of a terminal in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving a first signal from a base station of a first operator in a contention duration; and when receiving a start signal transmitted from the base station in an access duration, communicating with the base station through a band, wherein the start signal is transmitted based on a priority of the first operator among at least one operator sharing the band. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the priority of the first operator is determined according to at least one second signal which is detected by the base station before the first signal in the contention duration, and
wherein the access duration is a duration for transmitting traffic through the band according to the priority determined in the contention duration. 13. A method of a manager device in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving sharing assisted information for sharing a band from a plurality of base stations of a plurality of operators; and transmitting contention configuration information of the plurality of operators to the plurality of base stations, respectively, based on the sharing assisted information, wherein the contention configuration information comprises a resource occupancy rate regarding the band, wherein the resource occupancy rate is used to determine a contention range of each operator in a contention duration. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the band is occupied by at least one of the plurality of operators in an access duration regarding the contention duration according to a priority of each operator, and
wherein the priority of each operator is determined according to an order of a contention slot of each operator which is identified in a contention range of each operator. 15. An apparatus in a wireless communication system, the apparatus comprising:
at least one transceiver; and at least one processor operably coupled to the at least one transceiver and configured to:
transmit a first signal during a first slot regarding a first operator in a contention duration; and
determine occupancy of a band in an access duration, based on a priority of the first operator,
wherein the priority is determined according to at least one second signal which is detected before the first slot in the contention duration. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine the priority based on a number of the at least one second signal, and
wherein the first signal and the at least one second signal are transmitted by different operators. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein, to determine the priority, the at least one processor is further configured to:
when the at least one second signal is not detected, determining the priority to a highest priority; and when the number of the at least one second signal is N (N is a positive integer), determining the priority to an N+1-th priority. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein, to determine the occupancy of the band, the at least one processor is further configured to:
when N number of end signals are detected, determining occupancy of the band by the first operator in the access duration, and wherein the end signal indicates that the occupancy of the band by the operator ends. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
determine a first contention range among a plurality of slots of the contention duration; and identify the first slot regarding the first operator in the first contention range, wherein the first contention range is determined based on a resource occupancy rate of the first operator regarding the band. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the resource occupancy rate is determined based on a size of a traffic load of a base station, a number of operators for sharing the band, and a channel state related to the base station. | The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, an apparatus of a base station of a first operator in a wireless communication system includes: at least one transceiver; and at least one processor operatively coupled with the at least one transceiver, and the at least one processor is configured to transmit a first signal during a first slot regarding the first operator in a contention duration, and to determine occupancy of a band in an access duration, based on a priority of the first operator, and the priority is determined according to at least one second signal which is detected before the first slot in the contention duration.1. A method of a base station of a first operator in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
transmitting a first signal during a first slot regarding the first operator in a contention duration; and determining occupancy of a band in an access duration, based on a priority of the first operator, wherein the priority is determined according to at least one second signal which is detected before the first slot in the contention duration. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the priority based on a number of the at least one second signal, and
wherein the first signal and the at least one second signal are transmitted by different operators. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the priority comprises:
when the at least one second signal is not detected, determining the priority to a highest priority; and when the number of the at least one second signal is N (N is a positive integer), determining the priority to an N+1-th priority. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the occupancy of the band comprises: when N number of end signals are detected, determining occupancy of the band by the first operator in the access duration, and
wherein the end signal indicates that the occupancy of the band by the operator ends. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a first contention range among a plurality of slots of the contention duration; and identifying the first slot regarding the first operator in the first contention range, wherein the first contention range is determined based on a resource occupancy rate of the first operator regarding the band. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the resource occupancy rate is determined based on a size of a traffic load of the base station, a number of operators for sharing the band, and a channel state related to the base station. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving duration information regarding a frame comprising the contention duration and the access duration,
wherein a length of the contention duration and a length of the access duration are determined based on a number of operators for sharing the band. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
transmitting a first notification signal in a last slot of a contention duration of an initial frame which is before the frame; and transmitting a second notification signal in a last symbol of an access duration of the initial frame. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting a start signal to a terminal in response to the occupancy of the band being determined; and transmitting downlink traffic to the terminal in the access duration after transmitting the start signal. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the first signal and the at least one second signal is a reservation signal, and
wherein the band is an unlicensed band. 11. A method of a terminal in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving a first signal from a base station of a first operator in a contention duration; and when receiving a start signal transmitted from the base station in an access duration, communicating with the base station through a band, wherein the start signal is transmitted based on a priority of the first operator among at least one operator sharing the band. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the priority of the first operator is determined according to at least one second signal which is detected by the base station before the first signal in the contention duration, and
wherein the access duration is a duration for transmitting traffic through the band according to the priority determined in the contention duration. 13. A method of a manager device in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
receiving sharing assisted information for sharing a band from a plurality of base stations of a plurality of operators; and transmitting contention configuration information of the plurality of operators to the plurality of base stations, respectively, based on the sharing assisted information, wherein the contention configuration information comprises a resource occupancy rate regarding the band, wherein the resource occupancy rate is used to determine a contention range of each operator in a contention duration. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the band is occupied by at least one of the plurality of operators in an access duration regarding the contention duration according to a priority of each operator, and
wherein the priority of each operator is determined according to an order of a contention slot of each operator which is identified in a contention range of each operator. 15. An apparatus in a wireless communication system, the apparatus comprising:
at least one transceiver; and at least one processor operably coupled to the at least one transceiver and configured to:
transmit a first signal during a first slot regarding a first operator in a contention duration; and
determine occupancy of a band in an access duration, based on a priority of the first operator,
wherein the priority is determined according to at least one second signal which is detected before the first slot in the contention duration. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine the priority based on a number of the at least one second signal, and
wherein the first signal and the at least one second signal are transmitted by different operators. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein, to determine the priority, the at least one processor is further configured to:
when the at least one second signal is not detected, determining the priority to a highest priority; and when the number of the at least one second signal is N (N is a positive integer), determining the priority to an N+1-th priority. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein, to determine the occupancy of the band, the at least one processor is further configured to:
when N number of end signals are detected, determining occupancy of the band by the first operator in the access duration, and wherein the end signal indicates that the occupancy of the band by the operator ends. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
determine a first contention range among a plurality of slots of the contention duration; and identify the first slot regarding the first operator in the first contention range, wherein the first contention range is determined based on a resource occupancy rate of the first operator regarding the band. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the resource occupancy rate is determined based on a size of a traffic load of a base station, a number of operators for sharing the band, and a channel state related to the base station. | 1,600 |
338,930 | 16,641,999 | 1,654 | Disclosed is a vehicle control device which comprises a traveling course control part 10a to update a target traveling course R, and an automatic anti-collision control part 10b to execute automatic anti-collision control processing (S14) for avoiding collision with an obstacle. The part 10a corrects the target traveling course R to calculate corrected traveling course candidates for avoiding the obstacle, and evaluates the corrected traveling course candidates by an evaluation function J to select one of the candidates as a corrected traveling course. The part 10a generates a first request signal for a brake control system 32 to allow the vehicle 1 to travel along the corrected traveling course. The part 10b generates a second request signal for the brake control system 32. The vehicle control device further comprises an output control part 10d to output the first or second request signal to the brake control system 32. | 1. A vehicle control device comprising:
a traveling course control part to iteratively update a target traveling course of a vehicle; and an automatic anti-collision control part to execute automatic anti-collision control processing for avoidance of collision with an obstacle, wherein the traveling course control part is configured to, upon detection of the obstacle, execute traveling course correction processing of correcting the target traveling course so as to avoid the obstacle, wherein the traveling course control part is configured to, in the traveling course correction processing, set a speed distribution area extending at least from the obstacle toward the vehicle and defining a distribution of an allowable upper limit of a relative speed of the vehicle with respect to the obstacle, wherein the allowable upper limit in the speed distribution area is set such that it becomes larger as the distance from the obstacle becomes larger; correct the target traveling course to calculate a plurality of corrected traveling course candidates on which the vehicle travels in the speed distribution area such that the relative speed of the vehicle with respect to the obstacle does not exceed the allowable upper limit in the speed distribution area; and evaluate the corrected traveling course candidates with respect to the target traveling course by a given evaluation function to select one of the corrected traveling course candidates as a corrected traveling course according to the evaluation, and wherein the traveling course control part is configured to generate a first request signal for a brake control system of the vehicle to allow the vehicle to travel along the corrected traveling course; and the automatic anti-collision control part is configured to execute the automatic anti-collision control processing, independently of the traveling course control part, to generate a second request signal for the brake control system of the vehicle, and wherein the vehicle control device further comprises an output control part to receive each of the first request signal and the second request signal from a corresponding one of the traveling course control part and the automatic anti-collision control part, wherein the output control part is configured to output the first request signal or the second request signal to the brake control system of the vehicle. 2. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 1, wherein the output control part is configured to output the second request signal in priority to the first request signal. 3. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 1, wherein the traveling course correction processing and the automatic anti-collision control processing are executed within a given calculation cycle period by a single CPU. 4. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 2, wherein the traveling course correction processing and the automatic anti-collision control processing are executed within a given calculation cycle period by a single CPU. | Disclosed is a vehicle control device which comprises a traveling course control part 10a to update a target traveling course R, and an automatic anti-collision control part 10b to execute automatic anti-collision control processing (S14) for avoiding collision with an obstacle. The part 10a corrects the target traveling course R to calculate corrected traveling course candidates for avoiding the obstacle, and evaluates the corrected traveling course candidates by an evaluation function J to select one of the candidates as a corrected traveling course. The part 10a generates a first request signal for a brake control system 32 to allow the vehicle 1 to travel along the corrected traveling course. The part 10b generates a second request signal for the brake control system 32. The vehicle control device further comprises an output control part 10d to output the first or second request signal to the brake control system 32.1. A vehicle control device comprising:
a traveling course control part to iteratively update a target traveling course of a vehicle; and an automatic anti-collision control part to execute automatic anti-collision control processing for avoidance of collision with an obstacle, wherein the traveling course control part is configured to, upon detection of the obstacle, execute traveling course correction processing of correcting the target traveling course so as to avoid the obstacle, wherein the traveling course control part is configured to, in the traveling course correction processing, set a speed distribution area extending at least from the obstacle toward the vehicle and defining a distribution of an allowable upper limit of a relative speed of the vehicle with respect to the obstacle, wherein the allowable upper limit in the speed distribution area is set such that it becomes larger as the distance from the obstacle becomes larger; correct the target traveling course to calculate a plurality of corrected traveling course candidates on which the vehicle travels in the speed distribution area such that the relative speed of the vehicle with respect to the obstacle does not exceed the allowable upper limit in the speed distribution area; and evaluate the corrected traveling course candidates with respect to the target traveling course by a given evaluation function to select one of the corrected traveling course candidates as a corrected traveling course according to the evaluation, and wherein the traveling course control part is configured to generate a first request signal for a brake control system of the vehicle to allow the vehicle to travel along the corrected traveling course; and the automatic anti-collision control part is configured to execute the automatic anti-collision control processing, independently of the traveling course control part, to generate a second request signal for the brake control system of the vehicle, and wherein the vehicle control device further comprises an output control part to receive each of the first request signal and the second request signal from a corresponding one of the traveling course control part and the automatic anti-collision control part, wherein the output control part is configured to output the first request signal or the second request signal to the brake control system of the vehicle. 2. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 1, wherein the output control part is configured to output the second request signal in priority to the first request signal. 3. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 1, wherein the traveling course correction processing and the automatic anti-collision control processing are executed within a given calculation cycle period by a single CPU. 4. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 2, wherein the traveling course correction processing and the automatic anti-collision control processing are executed within a given calculation cycle period by a single CPU. | 1,600 |
338,931 | 16,641,943 | 1,654 | The invention relates to a child safety seat for attaching to a motor vehicle seat, comprising a seat region, a back portion, an impact shield, the impact shield comprising an integrated airbag and/or an airbag being provided in the seat region, an acceleration-sensing device for sensing an acceleration of the child safety seat, and a control device, which is configured in such a way that the airbag is deployed on the basis of an acceleration sensed by the acceleration-sensing device. | 1. A child safety seat for attaching to a motor vehicle seat, comprising:
a seat region, a back portion, an impact shield, wherein at least one of the impact shield and the seat region includes an integrated airbag, an acceleration sensing device for sensing an acceleration of the child safety seat, and a control device which is configured in such a way that at least one of the integrated airbags is deployed on the basis of an acceleration sensed by the acceleration sensing device. 2. The child safety seat for attaching to a motor vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the
impact shield includes an integrated distance increasing device, a first section, and a second section, wherein the second section is connected to the first section and is configured such that in the event of an activation, the distance increasing device is shifted towards a pelvis or the legs of a child sitting in the child safety seat, away from the first section, and wherein the impact shield is configured to be retained or fastened to the child safety seat in the region of the first section, and wherein the distance increasing device is triggered on the basis of an acceleration sensed by the acceleration sensing device. 3. The child safety seat for attaching to a motor vehicle seat according to claim 1, further comprising
an impact shield positioning apparatus configured for positioning the impact shield, a belt system having a belt system belt tensioner, wherein the belt system is configured to be tightened by the belt system belt tensioner, a child safety seat anchor positioning apparatus and wherein the acceleration sensing device is configured such that the positioning is effected by the impact shield positioning apparatus, a tensioning is effected by the belt system belt tensioner, and a positioning of the child safety seat anchor relative to the other components of the child safety seat is effected in response to an acceleration sensed by the acceleration sensing device. 4. The child safety seat according to claim 1, wherein the acceleration sensing device comprises an acceleration sensor. 5. The child safety seat according to claim 1, wherein the control device actuates or activates on an acceleration threshold value of at least 2 g. 6. The child safety seat according to claim 1, wherein in the event of activation, at least one of the integrated airbags is forced downwards and to the rear. 7. The child safety seat according to claim 1, wherein the acceleration sensing device is arranged on a section of the child safety seat which is located close to the vehicle or the vehicle body when the child safety seat is fitted. 8. The child safety seat according to claim 1, wherein the control device and the acceleration sensing device are connected to each other by cables or wirelessly. 9. The child safety seat according to claim 1, wherein the impact shield is retained on the child safety seat by a vehicle belt system or by an additional retaining device integrated in the child safety seat by a tether, wherein a cable is provided in the additional retaining device for transmitting information from the acceleration sensing device to the control device. 10. The child safety seat according to claim 1, wherein a force limiter is provided for limiting a force exerted on the child by a restraining belt, wherein a threshold value of the force limiter is greater than a threshold value of a positioning device of the belt system belt tensioner. 11. The child safety seat according to claim 1, wherein a side impact protection structure comprising at least one separately arranged and adjustable and laterally disposed side impact protection elements. 12. A motor vehicle with a child safety seat according to claim 1. 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) | The invention relates to a child safety seat for attaching to a motor vehicle seat, comprising a seat region, a back portion, an impact shield, the impact shield comprising an integrated airbag and/or an airbag being provided in the seat region, an acceleration-sensing device for sensing an acceleration of the child safety seat, and a control device, which is configured in such a way that the airbag is deployed on the basis of an acceleration sensed by the acceleration-sensing device.1. A child safety seat for attaching to a motor vehicle seat, comprising:
a seat region, a back portion, an impact shield, wherein at least one of the impact shield and the seat region includes an integrated airbag, an acceleration sensing device for sensing an acceleration of the child safety seat, and a control device which is configured in such a way that at least one of the integrated airbags is deployed on the basis of an acceleration sensed by the acceleration sensing device. 2. The child safety seat for attaching to a motor vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the
impact shield includes an integrated distance increasing device, a first section, and a second section, wherein the second section is connected to the first section and is configured such that in the event of an activation, the distance increasing device is shifted towards a pelvis or the legs of a child sitting in the child safety seat, away from the first section, and wherein the impact shield is configured to be retained or fastened to the child safety seat in the region of the first section, and wherein the distance increasing device is triggered on the basis of an acceleration sensed by the acceleration sensing device. 3. The child safety seat for attaching to a motor vehicle seat according to claim 1, further comprising
an impact shield positioning apparatus configured for positioning the impact shield, a belt system having a belt system belt tensioner, wherein the belt system is configured to be tightened by the belt system belt tensioner, a child safety seat anchor positioning apparatus and wherein the acceleration sensing device is configured such that the positioning is effected by the impact shield positioning apparatus, a tensioning is effected by the belt system belt tensioner, and a positioning of the child safety seat anchor relative to the other components of the child safety seat is effected in response to an acceleration sensed by the acceleration sensing device. 4. The child safety seat according to claim 1, wherein the acceleration sensing device comprises an acceleration sensor. 5. The child safety seat according to claim 1, wherein the control device actuates or activates on an acceleration threshold value of at least 2 g. 6. The child safety seat according to claim 1, wherein in the event of activation, at least one of the integrated airbags is forced downwards and to the rear. 7. The child safety seat according to claim 1, wherein the acceleration sensing device is arranged on a section of the child safety seat which is located close to the vehicle or the vehicle body when the child safety seat is fitted. 8. The child safety seat according to claim 1, wherein the control device and the acceleration sensing device are connected to each other by cables or wirelessly. 9. The child safety seat according to claim 1, wherein the impact shield is retained on the child safety seat by a vehicle belt system or by an additional retaining device integrated in the child safety seat by a tether, wherein a cable is provided in the additional retaining device for transmitting information from the acceleration sensing device to the control device. 10. The child safety seat according to claim 1, wherein a force limiter is provided for limiting a force exerted on the child by a restraining belt, wherein a threshold value of the force limiter is greater than a threshold value of a positioning device of the belt system belt tensioner. 11. The child safety seat according to claim 1, wherein a side impact protection structure comprising at least one separately arranged and adjustable and laterally disposed side impact protection elements. 12. A motor vehicle with a child safety seat according to claim 1. 13. (canceled) 14. (canceled) 15. (canceled) | 1,600 |
338,932 | 16,641,988 | 1,654 | An endovascular treatment system includes a delivery sleeve that is insertable into an intravascular catheter. A therapeutic device is housed coaxially within the delivery sleeve and both are advanced within the catheter in combination. An advancement mechanism is connected to the therapeutic device to advance the therapeutic device out of the delivery sleeve and into a patient. The delivery sleeve includes a stop positioned on the proximal end. The stop contacts the proximal end of the catheter, limiting the distance the delivery sleeve is inserted into a catheter. | 1. An endovascular apparatus comprising
a delivery sleeve having a longitudinal lumen extending between a proximal end and a distal end; a therapeutic device housed within and extending substantially an entire length of the delivery sleeve; an advancement mechanism configured to engage the therapy device to advance the therapy device into a patient; and a stop positioned on the proximal end of the delivery sleeve which is operable to limit a distance the delivery sleeve is inserted into a catheter; wherein an outside diameter of the delivery sleeve is sufficiently small such that the delivery sleeve is insertable into a catheter and a diameter of the lumen is sufficiently large such that the lumen is able to coaxially receive the therapeutic device and the advancement mechanism therein but sufficiently small that the delivery sleeve adds longitudinal strength to the therapeutic device. 2. The endovascular apparatus of claim 1, wherein both an inner surface and an outer surface of the delivery sleeve are composed of a material with a low coefficient of friction. 3. The endovascular apparatus of claim 2, wherein the delivery sleeve is made of polytetrafluoroethylene. 4. The endovascular apparatus of claim 1, wherein the therapeutic device includes one or more endovascular embolization coils. 5. The endovascular apparatus of claim 4, wherein the endovascular embolization coil is a single coil that is a detachable coil. 6. The endovascular apparatus of claim 5, wherein the detachable coil is a polymer coil. 7. The endovascular apparatus of claim 1. wherein the therapeutic device extends approximately to the distal end of the delivery sleeve. 8. The endovascular apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the therapeutic device is located coaxially within the delivery sleeve; and the advancement mechanism is connected to a proximal end of the therapeutic device. 9. The endovascular apparatus of claim 8 further comprising a connection mechanism that connects the advancement mechanism to the therapeutic device, wherein the connection mechanism is sized relative to the delivery sleeve such that the connection mechanism is compressed by the delivery sleeve and remains connected while in the delivery sleeve, but once the connection mechanism exits the delivery sleeve the compression, and thereby the connection, is released. 10. The endovascular apparatus of claim 8, wherein the advancement mechanism is further connected to a distal end of the therapeutic device 11. The endovascular apparatus of claim 1, wherein the stop is a luer connection operable to engage an opposing luer connection on a proximal end of a catheter. 12. An endovascular system comprising
a catheter having a proximal catheter end and a distal catheter end with a longitudinal catheter lumen extending therebetween; a delivery sleeve having a proximal end and a distal end with a longitudinal lumen extending therebetween, wherein the delivery sleeve is coaxial with and movable within the catheter lumen; a therapeutic device extending substantially an entire length of the delivery sleeve and located coaxially within the lumen of the delivery sleeve and movable therein; an advancement mechanism connected to the therapy device and configured to advance the therapy device into a patient; and a stop positioned on the proximal end of the delivery sleeve which contacts the proximal end of the catheter, limiting the distance the delivery sleeve is inserted into a catheter. 13. The endovascular apparatus of claim 12, wherein both an inner surface and an outer surface of the delivery sleeve are composed of a material with a low coefficient of friction. 14. The endovascular system of claim 13, wherein the delivery sleeve is made of polytetrafluoroethylene. 15. The endovascular system of claim 12, wherein the delivery sleeve and the catheter are generally coextensive to the catheter distal end. 16. The endovascular system of claim 12, wherein the delivery sleeve is longer than the catheter. 17. The endovascular system of claim 16 further comprising a catheter extender having a proximal extender end and a distal extender end with a longitudinal extender lumen extending therebetween, wherein the distal extender end is attached to the proximal catheter end. 18. The endovascular system of claim 17, wherein the catheter extender has a length that is approximately a difference in length between an entire length of the delivery sleeve and an entire length of the catheter, so that when the proximal end of the delivery sleeve is connected to the proximal extender end. the delivery sleeve and the catheter are generally coextensive to the catheter distal end. 19. The endovascular system of claim 12, wherein the therapeutic device is an endovascular embolization coil. 20. The endovascular system of claim 19, wherein the endovascular embolization coil is a detachable coil. 21. The endovascular system of claim 20, wherein the detachable coil is a polymer coil. 22. The endovascular system of claim 12, wherein
the therapeutic device is located coaxially within the delivery sleeve; and the advancement mechanism is connected to a proximal end of the therapeutic device. 23. The endovascular system of claim 12, wherein the advancement mechanism is further connected to a distal end of the therapeutic device 24. The endovascular system of claim 12, wherein the therapeutic device extends approximately to the distal end of the delivery sleeve. 25. The endovascular system of claim 12 further comprising a connection mechanism that connects the advancement mechanism to the therapeutic device, wherein the connection mechanism is sized relative to the delivery sleeve such that the connection mechanism is compressed by the delivery sleeve and remains connected while in the delivery sleeve, but once the connection mechanism exits the delivery sleeve the compression, and thereby the connection, is released. 26. The endovascular system of claim 12, wherein the stop is a luer connection operable to engage an opposing luer connection on a proximal end of a catheter. 27. A method for delivering a therapeutic treatment to a patient comprising
providing a catheter having a proximal catheter end and a distal catheter end with a longitudinal catheter lumen extending therebetween; providing a therapeutic delivery device apparatus comprising
a delivery sleeve having a proximal end and a distal end with a longitudinal lumen extending therebetween, wherein the delivery sleeve is coaxial and longitudinally movable within the catheter lumen;
a therapeutic device that extends substantially an entire length of the delivery sleeve and enclosed coaxially within the lumen of the delivery sleeve and longitudinally movable therein:
an advancement mechanism connected to the therapeutic device and configured to advance the therapy delivery device into a patient;
a stop positioned on the proximal end of the delivery sleeve which contacts the proximal catheter end of the catheter, limiting a distance the delivery sleeve is inserted into a catheter; and
inserting the therapeutic delivery device into the catheter until the stop comes into contact with the proximal end of the catheter. 28. The method of claim 27 further comprising advancing the therapeutic device out the distal end of the catheter. 29. The method of claim 28 further comprising
attaching a catheter extender to the catheter in response to the delivery sleeve being longer than the catheter, wherein
the catheter extender includes a proximal extender end and a distal extender end with a longitudinal extender lumen extending therebetween which is attached to the proximal catheter end via the distal extender end. 30. The method of claim 29 further comprising
determining a difference in length between an entire length of the delivery sleeve and an entire length of the catheter; and
selecting the catheter extender such that a length of the catheter extender is approximately equal to the difference in length so that in response to the proximal end of the delivery sleeve being connected to the proximal extender end, the delivery sleeve and the catheter are generally coextensive to the catheter distal end. 31. The method of claim 27, wherein the therapeutic delivery device is an endovascular embolization coil. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the endovascular embolization coil is a detachable coil. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the detachable coil is a polymer coil. 34. The method of claim 27, wherein
the therapeutic delivery device further comprises a connection mechanism; and the method further comprises connecting the advancement mechanism to the therapeutic device; compressing the connection mechanism within the delivery sleeve such that the connection mechanism remains connected while in the delivery sleeve; and releasing the connection mechanism from the delivery sleeve once the connection mechanism exits the delivery sleeve. 35. The method of claim 34 further comprising pushing the therapeutic device out the end of the delivery sleeve until the compression of the delivery sleeve on the connection mechanism is released and the therapeutic device disconnects from the advancement mechanism. 36. The method of claim 35 further comprising withdrawing the delivery sleeve from the catheter and repeating the process with a second therapeutic delivery device. | An endovascular treatment system includes a delivery sleeve that is insertable into an intravascular catheter. A therapeutic device is housed coaxially within the delivery sleeve and both are advanced within the catheter in combination. An advancement mechanism is connected to the therapeutic device to advance the therapeutic device out of the delivery sleeve and into a patient. The delivery sleeve includes a stop positioned on the proximal end. The stop contacts the proximal end of the catheter, limiting the distance the delivery sleeve is inserted into a catheter.1. An endovascular apparatus comprising
a delivery sleeve having a longitudinal lumen extending between a proximal end and a distal end; a therapeutic device housed within and extending substantially an entire length of the delivery sleeve; an advancement mechanism configured to engage the therapy device to advance the therapy device into a patient; and a stop positioned on the proximal end of the delivery sleeve which is operable to limit a distance the delivery sleeve is inserted into a catheter; wherein an outside diameter of the delivery sleeve is sufficiently small such that the delivery sleeve is insertable into a catheter and a diameter of the lumen is sufficiently large such that the lumen is able to coaxially receive the therapeutic device and the advancement mechanism therein but sufficiently small that the delivery sleeve adds longitudinal strength to the therapeutic device. 2. The endovascular apparatus of claim 1, wherein both an inner surface and an outer surface of the delivery sleeve are composed of a material with a low coefficient of friction. 3. The endovascular apparatus of claim 2, wherein the delivery sleeve is made of polytetrafluoroethylene. 4. The endovascular apparatus of claim 1, wherein the therapeutic device includes one or more endovascular embolization coils. 5. The endovascular apparatus of claim 4, wherein the endovascular embolization coil is a single coil that is a detachable coil. 6. The endovascular apparatus of claim 5, wherein the detachable coil is a polymer coil. 7. The endovascular apparatus of claim 1. wherein the therapeutic device extends approximately to the distal end of the delivery sleeve. 8. The endovascular apparatus of claim 1, wherein
the therapeutic device is located coaxially within the delivery sleeve; and the advancement mechanism is connected to a proximal end of the therapeutic device. 9. The endovascular apparatus of claim 8 further comprising a connection mechanism that connects the advancement mechanism to the therapeutic device, wherein the connection mechanism is sized relative to the delivery sleeve such that the connection mechanism is compressed by the delivery sleeve and remains connected while in the delivery sleeve, but once the connection mechanism exits the delivery sleeve the compression, and thereby the connection, is released. 10. The endovascular apparatus of claim 8, wherein the advancement mechanism is further connected to a distal end of the therapeutic device 11. The endovascular apparatus of claim 1, wherein the stop is a luer connection operable to engage an opposing luer connection on a proximal end of a catheter. 12. An endovascular system comprising
a catheter having a proximal catheter end and a distal catheter end with a longitudinal catheter lumen extending therebetween; a delivery sleeve having a proximal end and a distal end with a longitudinal lumen extending therebetween, wherein the delivery sleeve is coaxial with and movable within the catheter lumen; a therapeutic device extending substantially an entire length of the delivery sleeve and located coaxially within the lumen of the delivery sleeve and movable therein; an advancement mechanism connected to the therapy device and configured to advance the therapy device into a patient; and a stop positioned on the proximal end of the delivery sleeve which contacts the proximal end of the catheter, limiting the distance the delivery sleeve is inserted into a catheter. 13. The endovascular apparatus of claim 12, wherein both an inner surface and an outer surface of the delivery sleeve are composed of a material with a low coefficient of friction. 14. The endovascular system of claim 13, wherein the delivery sleeve is made of polytetrafluoroethylene. 15. The endovascular system of claim 12, wherein the delivery sleeve and the catheter are generally coextensive to the catheter distal end. 16. The endovascular system of claim 12, wherein the delivery sleeve is longer than the catheter. 17. The endovascular system of claim 16 further comprising a catheter extender having a proximal extender end and a distal extender end with a longitudinal extender lumen extending therebetween, wherein the distal extender end is attached to the proximal catheter end. 18. The endovascular system of claim 17, wherein the catheter extender has a length that is approximately a difference in length between an entire length of the delivery sleeve and an entire length of the catheter, so that when the proximal end of the delivery sleeve is connected to the proximal extender end. the delivery sleeve and the catheter are generally coextensive to the catheter distal end. 19. The endovascular system of claim 12, wherein the therapeutic device is an endovascular embolization coil. 20. The endovascular system of claim 19, wherein the endovascular embolization coil is a detachable coil. 21. The endovascular system of claim 20, wherein the detachable coil is a polymer coil. 22. The endovascular system of claim 12, wherein
the therapeutic device is located coaxially within the delivery sleeve; and the advancement mechanism is connected to a proximal end of the therapeutic device. 23. The endovascular system of claim 12, wherein the advancement mechanism is further connected to a distal end of the therapeutic device 24. The endovascular system of claim 12, wherein the therapeutic device extends approximately to the distal end of the delivery sleeve. 25. The endovascular system of claim 12 further comprising a connection mechanism that connects the advancement mechanism to the therapeutic device, wherein the connection mechanism is sized relative to the delivery sleeve such that the connection mechanism is compressed by the delivery sleeve and remains connected while in the delivery sleeve, but once the connection mechanism exits the delivery sleeve the compression, and thereby the connection, is released. 26. The endovascular system of claim 12, wherein the stop is a luer connection operable to engage an opposing luer connection on a proximal end of a catheter. 27. A method for delivering a therapeutic treatment to a patient comprising
providing a catheter having a proximal catheter end and a distal catheter end with a longitudinal catheter lumen extending therebetween; providing a therapeutic delivery device apparatus comprising
a delivery sleeve having a proximal end and a distal end with a longitudinal lumen extending therebetween, wherein the delivery sleeve is coaxial and longitudinally movable within the catheter lumen;
a therapeutic device that extends substantially an entire length of the delivery sleeve and enclosed coaxially within the lumen of the delivery sleeve and longitudinally movable therein:
an advancement mechanism connected to the therapeutic device and configured to advance the therapy delivery device into a patient;
a stop positioned on the proximal end of the delivery sleeve which contacts the proximal catheter end of the catheter, limiting a distance the delivery sleeve is inserted into a catheter; and
inserting the therapeutic delivery device into the catheter until the stop comes into contact with the proximal end of the catheter. 28. The method of claim 27 further comprising advancing the therapeutic device out the distal end of the catheter. 29. The method of claim 28 further comprising
attaching a catheter extender to the catheter in response to the delivery sleeve being longer than the catheter, wherein
the catheter extender includes a proximal extender end and a distal extender end with a longitudinal extender lumen extending therebetween which is attached to the proximal catheter end via the distal extender end. 30. The method of claim 29 further comprising
determining a difference in length between an entire length of the delivery sleeve and an entire length of the catheter; and
selecting the catheter extender such that a length of the catheter extender is approximately equal to the difference in length so that in response to the proximal end of the delivery sleeve being connected to the proximal extender end, the delivery sleeve and the catheter are generally coextensive to the catheter distal end. 31. The method of claim 27, wherein the therapeutic delivery device is an endovascular embolization coil. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the endovascular embolization coil is a detachable coil. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the detachable coil is a polymer coil. 34. The method of claim 27, wherein
the therapeutic delivery device further comprises a connection mechanism; and the method further comprises connecting the advancement mechanism to the therapeutic device; compressing the connection mechanism within the delivery sleeve such that the connection mechanism remains connected while in the delivery sleeve; and releasing the connection mechanism from the delivery sleeve once the connection mechanism exits the delivery sleeve. 35. The method of claim 34 further comprising pushing the therapeutic device out the end of the delivery sleeve until the compression of the delivery sleeve on the connection mechanism is released and the therapeutic device disconnects from the advancement mechanism. 36. The method of claim 35 further comprising withdrawing the delivery sleeve from the catheter and repeating the process with a second therapeutic delivery device. | 1,600 |
338,933 | 16,641,946 | 1,654 | The present invention relates to a method for producing a double-stranded DNA fragment having a desired nucleotide sequence through dual asymmetric PCR (DA-PCR). The method comprises: (1) providing a plurality of oligonucleotides (sense oligonucleotides) each corresponding to a part of a sense strand of the double-stranded DNA fragment and a plurality of oligonucleotides (antisense oligonucleotides) each corresponding to a part of an antisense strand of the double-stranded DNA fragment and mixing together the oligonucleotides with equal concentrations, DNA polymerase, and dNTP to prepare a reaction mixture solution; (2) performing PCR by using the reaction mixture solution from step (1); (3) adding a primer set capable of amplifying the double-stranded DNA fragment of full length to the reaction mixture solution from step (2); and (4) performing PCR by using the reaction mixture solution from step (3). | 1. A method for producing a double-stranded DNA fragment having a desired nucleotide sequence through dual asymmetric PCR (DA-PCR), comprising:
(1) providing a plurality of oligonucleotides (sense oligonucleotides) each corresponding to a part of a sense strand of the double-stranded DNA fragment and a plurality of oligonucleotides (antisense oligonucleotides) each corresponding to a part of an antisense strand of the double-stranded DNA fragment and mixing together the oligonucleotides with equal concentrations, DNA polymerase, and dNTP to prepare a reaction mixture solution; (2) performing PCR by using the reaction mixture solution from step (1); (3) adding a primer set capable of amplifying the double-stranded DNA fragment of full length to the reaction mixture solution from step (2); and (4) performing PCR by using the reaction mixture solution from step (3), wherein when the plurality of sense oligonucleotides and the plurality of antisense oligonucleotides are aligned to the sense strand and antisense strand of the double-stranded DNA fragment, adjacent members of the sense oligonucleotides or adjacent members of the antisense oligonucleotides are not continuous with each other, the sense and antisense oligonucleotides alternately aligned each have a region having a complementary nucleotide sequence in a neighboring end part (overlap region), and a whole sequence of the double-stranded DNA fragment is covered by the sense oligonucleotides and the antisense oligonucleotides alternately aligned. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (2), a PCR profile of 94 to 98° C. for 20 to 60 seconds and 70 to 75° C. for 20 to 60 seconds is repeated in 2 to 20 cycles in the PCR. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (2), a PCR profile of 94 to 98° C. for 20 to 60 seconds, 50 to 65° C. for 5 to 60 seconds, and 70 to 75° C. for 20 to 60 seconds is repeated in 2 to 20 cycles in the PCR. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (4), a PCR profile of 94 to 98° C. for 5 to 10 seconds, 50 to 65° C. for 5 to 15 seconds, and 70 to 75° C. for 5 to 30 seconds is repeated in 2 to 30 cycles in the PCR. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the DNA polymerase is a DNA polymerase selected from the group consisting of Pfu polymerase, PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase, Taq polymerase, and Phusion High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising (5) performing OE-PCR. 7. The method according to claim 2, further comprising (5) performing OE-PCR. | The present invention relates to a method for producing a double-stranded DNA fragment having a desired nucleotide sequence through dual asymmetric PCR (DA-PCR). The method comprises: (1) providing a plurality of oligonucleotides (sense oligonucleotides) each corresponding to a part of a sense strand of the double-stranded DNA fragment and a plurality of oligonucleotides (antisense oligonucleotides) each corresponding to a part of an antisense strand of the double-stranded DNA fragment and mixing together the oligonucleotides with equal concentrations, DNA polymerase, and dNTP to prepare a reaction mixture solution; (2) performing PCR by using the reaction mixture solution from step (1); (3) adding a primer set capable of amplifying the double-stranded DNA fragment of full length to the reaction mixture solution from step (2); and (4) performing PCR by using the reaction mixture solution from step (3).1. A method for producing a double-stranded DNA fragment having a desired nucleotide sequence through dual asymmetric PCR (DA-PCR), comprising:
(1) providing a plurality of oligonucleotides (sense oligonucleotides) each corresponding to a part of a sense strand of the double-stranded DNA fragment and a plurality of oligonucleotides (antisense oligonucleotides) each corresponding to a part of an antisense strand of the double-stranded DNA fragment and mixing together the oligonucleotides with equal concentrations, DNA polymerase, and dNTP to prepare a reaction mixture solution; (2) performing PCR by using the reaction mixture solution from step (1); (3) adding a primer set capable of amplifying the double-stranded DNA fragment of full length to the reaction mixture solution from step (2); and (4) performing PCR by using the reaction mixture solution from step (3), wherein when the plurality of sense oligonucleotides and the plurality of antisense oligonucleotides are aligned to the sense strand and antisense strand of the double-stranded DNA fragment, adjacent members of the sense oligonucleotides or adjacent members of the antisense oligonucleotides are not continuous with each other, the sense and antisense oligonucleotides alternately aligned each have a region having a complementary nucleotide sequence in a neighboring end part (overlap region), and a whole sequence of the double-stranded DNA fragment is covered by the sense oligonucleotides and the antisense oligonucleotides alternately aligned. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (2), a PCR profile of 94 to 98° C. for 20 to 60 seconds and 70 to 75° C. for 20 to 60 seconds is repeated in 2 to 20 cycles in the PCR. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (2), a PCR profile of 94 to 98° C. for 20 to 60 seconds, 50 to 65° C. for 5 to 60 seconds, and 70 to 75° C. for 20 to 60 seconds is repeated in 2 to 20 cycles in the PCR. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (4), a PCR profile of 94 to 98° C. for 5 to 10 seconds, 50 to 65° C. for 5 to 15 seconds, and 70 to 75° C. for 5 to 30 seconds is repeated in 2 to 30 cycles in the PCR. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the DNA polymerase is a DNA polymerase selected from the group consisting of Pfu polymerase, PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase, Taq polymerase, and Phusion High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising (5) performing OE-PCR. 7. The method according to claim 2, further comprising (5) performing OE-PCR. | 1,600 |
338,934 | 16,642,017 | 3,631 | A pump-activated feeding container having a handheld container body with a removable top and a flexible straw assembly disposed within the body and exposed outside of the body. The container includes a priming bulb pump assembly directly coupled to at least one of the container body and container top in a watertight configuration and with a flexible and elastically deformable membrane defining a membrane cavity. The membrane is operably configured to have a membrane depression translation path 306 inducing a pressurized flow of liquid through a second enclosed straw channel of the straw assembly and an upper straw opening and to have a membrane release translation path 400 inducing a vacuum and flow of liquid through a first enclosed straw channel of the straw assembly and an upper straw opening. | 1. A pump-activated feeding container comprising:
a handheld container body having a bottom wall and a sidewall surrounding the bottom wall, the sidewall:
having an upper end defining an upper aperture;
defining, with the bottom wall, a container cavity;
a container top operably configured to removably couple with the upper end of the sidewall in a retained configuration, the container top having an enclosed straw aperture; a flexible straw assembly with a first portion including bottom straw end defining a bottom straw opening disposed proximal to the bottom wall of the container body and defining a first enclosed straw channel and a second portion including a terminal upper straw end, opposing the bottom straw end, defining an upper straw opening disposed proximal to an outer surface of the container top, and defining a second enclosed straw channel; and a priming bulb pump assembly directly coupled to at least one of the container body and container top in a watertight configuration and with a flexible and elastically deformable membrane defining a membrane cavity, the membrane operably configured to have:
a membrane depression translation path inducing a pressurized flow of liquid through the second enclosed straw channel and the upper straw opening; and
a membrane release translation path inducing a vacuum and flow of liquid through the first enclosed straw channel and the upper straw opening. 2. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 1, wherein the
the membrane depression translation path solely induces the pressurized flow of liquid through the second enclosed straw channel and the upper straw opening and the membrane release translation path solely induces the vacuum and flow of liquid through the first enclosed straw channel. 3. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 1, wherein the housing further comprises:
an entrance port and an exit port, the membrane depression translation path includes the membrane cavity, the exit port, the enclosed straw aperture, the second enclosed straw channel, and the terminal upper straw end fluidly coupled with one another and the enclosed straw aperture fluidly uncoupled with the first enclosed straw channel, the bottom straw opening, and the container cavity. 4. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 3, wherein:
the membrane release translation path includes with the membrane cavity, the entrance port, the first enclosed straw channel, the bottom straw opening, and the container cavity fluidly coupled with one another and the membrane cavity fluidly uncoupled with the enclosed straw aperture, the second enclosed straw channel, and the terminal upper straw end. 5. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 4, further comprising:
a first one-way check valve at least partially disposed within the first enclosed straw channel; and a second one-way check valve at least partially disposed within the second enclosed straw channel. 6. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 5, wherein:
the first and second one-way check valves are coupled to the first portion and second portion, respectively, of the flexible straw assembly in parallel flow orientations. 7. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 1, wherein the priming bulb pump assembly further comprises:
a housing defining a front enclosed aperture, the flexible and elastically deformable membrane hermetically sealed to the housing and superimposing the front enclosed aperture. 8. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 7, wherein the container top further comprises:
a sidewall defining an enclosed bulb aperture with the housing disposed therein, a lower wall defining a first port aperture and a second port aperture shaped and sized to receive an entrance port and an exit port, respectively, of a housing of the priming bulb pump assembly, and a straw channel with the second portion disposed therein. 9. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 8, further comprising:
a cover selectively rotatably coupled to the container top and operably configured to rotate along a cover translation path and have a closed position encapsulating, with the container top, the membrane and the second portion of the flexible straw assembly and an open position along the cover translation path exposing the membrane and the second portion of the flexible straw assembly to the ambient environment. 10. A pump-activated feeding container comprising:
a handheld container body having a bottom wall and a sidewall surrounding the bottom wall and having an upper end defining an upper aperture and with sidewall threads disposed thereon, the sidewall and bottom wall defining a container cavity; a container top with top threads operably configured to selectively removably engage in a locked relationship with the sidewall threads, the container top having an enclosed straw aperture; a flexible straw assembly with a first portion including bottom straw end defining a bottom straw opening and defining a first enclosed straw channel and a second portion including a terminal upper straw end, opposing the bottom straw end, defining an upper straw opening and defining a second enclosed straw channel; a first one-way check valve and a second one-way check valve; and a priming bulb pump assembly directly coupled to at least one of the container body and container top in a watertight configuration, with an entrance port directly coupled to the first portion of the flexible straw assembly through the first one-way check valve, an exit port directly coupled to the second portion of the flexible straw assembly through the second one-way check valve, and a flexible and elastically deformable membrane defining a membrane cavity, the membrane 114 operably configured to have:
a membrane depression translation path inducing a pressurized flow of liquid through the second enclosed straw channel and the upper straw opening; and
a membrane release translation path inducing a vacuum and flow of liquid through the first enclosed straw channel and the upper straw opening. 11. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 10, wherein:
the bottom straw opening is disposed proximal to the bottom wall of the container body and the upper straw opening is disposed proximal to an outer surface of the container top. 12. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 11, wherein:
the membrane depression translation path solely induces the pressurized flow of liquid through the second enclosed straw channel and the upper straw opening and the membrane release translation path solely induces the vacuum and flow of liquid through the first enclosed straw channel and the upper straw opening. 13. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 12, wherein:
the membrane depression translation path includes the membrane cavity, the exit port, the enclosed straw aperture, the second enclosed straw channel, and the terminal upper straw end fluidly coupled with one another and the enclosed straw aperture fluidly uncoupled with the first enclosed straw channel, the bottom straw opening, and the container cavity. 14. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 13, wherein:
the membrane release translation path includes with the membrane cavity, the entrance port, the first enclosed straw channel, the bottom straw opening, and the container cavity fluidly coupled with one another and the membrane cavity fluidly uncoupled with the enclosed straw aperture, the second enclosed straw channel, and the terminal upper straw end. 15. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 14, wherein:
the first and second one-way check valves are coupled to the first portion and second portion, respectively, of the flexible straw assembly in parallel flow orientations. 16. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 15, wherein the priming bulb pump assembly further comprises:
a housing defining a front enclosed aperture, the flexible and elastically deformable membrane hermetically sealed to the housing and superimposing the front enclosed aperture. 17. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 16, wherein the container top further comprises:
a sidewall defining an enclosed bulb aperture with the housing disposed therein, a lower wall defining a first port aperture and a second port aperture shaped and sized to receive an entrance port and an exit port, respectively, of a housing of the priming bulb pump assembly, and a straw channel with the second portion disposed therein. 18. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 17, further comprising:
a cover selectively rotatably coupled to the container top and operably configured to rotate along a cover translation path and have a closed position encapsulating, with the container top, the membrane and the second portion of the flexible straw assembly and an open position along the cover translation path exposing the membrane and the second portion of the flexible straw assembly to the ambient environment. | A pump-activated feeding container having a handheld container body with a removable top and a flexible straw assembly disposed within the body and exposed outside of the body. The container includes a priming bulb pump assembly directly coupled to at least one of the container body and container top in a watertight configuration and with a flexible and elastically deformable membrane defining a membrane cavity. The membrane is operably configured to have a membrane depression translation path 306 inducing a pressurized flow of liquid through a second enclosed straw channel of the straw assembly and an upper straw opening and to have a membrane release translation path 400 inducing a vacuum and flow of liquid through a first enclosed straw channel of the straw assembly and an upper straw opening.1. A pump-activated feeding container comprising:
a handheld container body having a bottom wall and a sidewall surrounding the bottom wall, the sidewall:
having an upper end defining an upper aperture;
defining, with the bottom wall, a container cavity;
a container top operably configured to removably couple with the upper end of the sidewall in a retained configuration, the container top having an enclosed straw aperture; a flexible straw assembly with a first portion including bottom straw end defining a bottom straw opening disposed proximal to the bottom wall of the container body and defining a first enclosed straw channel and a second portion including a terminal upper straw end, opposing the bottom straw end, defining an upper straw opening disposed proximal to an outer surface of the container top, and defining a second enclosed straw channel; and a priming bulb pump assembly directly coupled to at least one of the container body and container top in a watertight configuration and with a flexible and elastically deformable membrane defining a membrane cavity, the membrane operably configured to have:
a membrane depression translation path inducing a pressurized flow of liquid through the second enclosed straw channel and the upper straw opening; and
a membrane release translation path inducing a vacuum and flow of liquid through the first enclosed straw channel and the upper straw opening. 2. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 1, wherein the
the membrane depression translation path solely induces the pressurized flow of liquid through the second enclosed straw channel and the upper straw opening and the membrane release translation path solely induces the vacuum and flow of liquid through the first enclosed straw channel. 3. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 1, wherein the housing further comprises:
an entrance port and an exit port, the membrane depression translation path includes the membrane cavity, the exit port, the enclosed straw aperture, the second enclosed straw channel, and the terminal upper straw end fluidly coupled with one another and the enclosed straw aperture fluidly uncoupled with the first enclosed straw channel, the bottom straw opening, and the container cavity. 4. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 3, wherein:
the membrane release translation path includes with the membrane cavity, the entrance port, the first enclosed straw channel, the bottom straw opening, and the container cavity fluidly coupled with one another and the membrane cavity fluidly uncoupled with the enclosed straw aperture, the second enclosed straw channel, and the terminal upper straw end. 5. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 4, further comprising:
a first one-way check valve at least partially disposed within the first enclosed straw channel; and a second one-way check valve at least partially disposed within the second enclosed straw channel. 6. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 5, wherein:
the first and second one-way check valves are coupled to the first portion and second portion, respectively, of the flexible straw assembly in parallel flow orientations. 7. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 1, wherein the priming bulb pump assembly further comprises:
a housing defining a front enclosed aperture, the flexible and elastically deformable membrane hermetically sealed to the housing and superimposing the front enclosed aperture. 8. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 7, wherein the container top further comprises:
a sidewall defining an enclosed bulb aperture with the housing disposed therein, a lower wall defining a first port aperture and a second port aperture shaped and sized to receive an entrance port and an exit port, respectively, of a housing of the priming bulb pump assembly, and a straw channel with the second portion disposed therein. 9. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 8, further comprising:
a cover selectively rotatably coupled to the container top and operably configured to rotate along a cover translation path and have a closed position encapsulating, with the container top, the membrane and the second portion of the flexible straw assembly and an open position along the cover translation path exposing the membrane and the second portion of the flexible straw assembly to the ambient environment. 10. A pump-activated feeding container comprising:
a handheld container body having a bottom wall and a sidewall surrounding the bottom wall and having an upper end defining an upper aperture and with sidewall threads disposed thereon, the sidewall and bottom wall defining a container cavity; a container top with top threads operably configured to selectively removably engage in a locked relationship with the sidewall threads, the container top having an enclosed straw aperture; a flexible straw assembly with a first portion including bottom straw end defining a bottom straw opening and defining a first enclosed straw channel and a second portion including a terminal upper straw end, opposing the bottom straw end, defining an upper straw opening and defining a second enclosed straw channel; a first one-way check valve and a second one-way check valve; and a priming bulb pump assembly directly coupled to at least one of the container body and container top in a watertight configuration, with an entrance port directly coupled to the first portion of the flexible straw assembly through the first one-way check valve, an exit port directly coupled to the second portion of the flexible straw assembly through the second one-way check valve, and a flexible and elastically deformable membrane defining a membrane cavity, the membrane 114 operably configured to have:
a membrane depression translation path inducing a pressurized flow of liquid through the second enclosed straw channel and the upper straw opening; and
a membrane release translation path inducing a vacuum and flow of liquid through the first enclosed straw channel and the upper straw opening. 11. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 10, wherein:
the bottom straw opening is disposed proximal to the bottom wall of the container body and the upper straw opening is disposed proximal to an outer surface of the container top. 12. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 11, wherein:
the membrane depression translation path solely induces the pressurized flow of liquid through the second enclosed straw channel and the upper straw opening and the membrane release translation path solely induces the vacuum and flow of liquid through the first enclosed straw channel and the upper straw opening. 13. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 12, wherein:
the membrane depression translation path includes the membrane cavity, the exit port, the enclosed straw aperture, the second enclosed straw channel, and the terminal upper straw end fluidly coupled with one another and the enclosed straw aperture fluidly uncoupled with the first enclosed straw channel, the bottom straw opening, and the container cavity. 14. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 13, wherein:
the membrane release translation path includes with the membrane cavity, the entrance port, the first enclosed straw channel, the bottom straw opening, and the container cavity fluidly coupled with one another and the membrane cavity fluidly uncoupled with the enclosed straw aperture, the second enclosed straw channel, and the terminal upper straw end. 15. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 14, wherein:
the first and second one-way check valves are coupled to the first portion and second portion, respectively, of the flexible straw assembly in parallel flow orientations. 16. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 15, wherein the priming bulb pump assembly further comprises:
a housing defining a front enclosed aperture, the flexible and elastically deformable membrane hermetically sealed to the housing and superimposing the front enclosed aperture. 17. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 16, wherein the container top further comprises:
a sidewall defining an enclosed bulb aperture with the housing disposed therein, a lower wall defining a first port aperture and a second port aperture shaped and sized to receive an entrance port and an exit port, respectively, of a housing of the priming bulb pump assembly, and a straw channel with the second portion disposed therein. 18. The pump-activated feeding container according to claim 17, further comprising:
a cover selectively rotatably coupled to the container top and operably configured to rotate along a cover translation path and have a closed position encapsulating, with the container top, the membrane and the second portion of the flexible straw assembly and an open position along the cover translation path exposing the membrane and the second portion of the flexible straw assembly to the ambient environment. | 3,600 |
338,935 | 16,642,008 | 1,766 | A polishing pad, a polyurethane polishing layer and a preparation method thereof are provided, belonging to the technical field of polishing in chemical-mechanical planarization treatment. The polyurethane polishing layer having a coefficient of thermal expansion of 100-200 ppm/° C. comprises a reaction product produced by reacting of multiple components. The multiple components include an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer, a hollow microsphere polymer and a curing agent composition. The curing agent composition includes 5-55 wt % of an aliphatic diamine composition, 0-8 wt % of a polyamine composition and 40-90 wt % of an aromatic bifunctional composition. The polyurethane polishing layer has a density of 0.6-1.1 g/cm3, a Shore hardness of 45-70D and an elongation at break of 50-450%. The polyurethane polishing layer is prepared by a simple process with low cost and energy consumption. The polyurethane polishing layer prepared by the process has a high hydrolytic stability, a uniform density and a stable removal rate. | 1. A polyurethane polishing layer for preparing a chemical-mechanical polishing pad, wherein the polyurethane polishing layer comprises a reaction product produced by a reaction of a multi-component raw material combination, and the raw material combination comprises an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer, a hollow microsphere polymer and a curing agent composition,
based on a total weight of the curing agent composition, the curing agent composition comprises: 5-55 wt % of an aliphatic diamine curing agent, wherein a number-average molecular weight of the aliphatic diamine is 1000-5000; 0-8 wt % of a polyamine curing agent, wherein a molecular structure of the polyamine curing agent at least comprises three primary amine groups or at least comprises three secondary amine groups, and a number-average molecular weight of the polyamine curing agent is 250-6000; and 40-90 wt % of an aromatic bifunctional curing agent; the polyurethane polishing layer has a density of 0.6-1.1 g/cm3, a Shore hardness of 45-70 and an elongation at break of 50-450%; and a coefficient of thermal expansion of the polyurethane polishing layer is 100-200 ppm/° C. 2. The polyurethane polishing layer of claim 1, wherein the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer comprises 8.5-9.5 wt % of unreacted —NCO groups. 3. The polyurethane polishing layer of claim 1, wherein a stoichiometric ratio of unreacted —NCO groups in the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer to active hydrogen-containing groups in the curing agent composition is 1.05-1.20. 4. The polyurethane polishing layer of claim 1, wherein the polyamine curing agent is selected from a group consisting of aliphatic polyamines, aromatic polyamines and a mixture thereof, wherein a number-average molecular weight of the aliphatic polyamine is 2000-6000, and a number-average molecular weight of the aliphatic polyamine is 250-2000. 5. The polyurethane polishing layer of claim 1, wherein a hydrolytic stability of the polyurethane polishing layer when being hydrolyzed at a pH value of 2-5 for 80 h is smaller than 1.5%, and the hydrolytic stability of the polyurethane polishing layer when being hydrolyzed at a pH value of 9-12 for 80 h is smaller than 1.5%. 6. The polyurethane polishing layer of claim 1, wherein the raw material combination comprises an isocyanate-terminated carbamate prepolymer, the hollow microsphere polymer and the curing agent composition;
based on the total weight of the curing agent composition, the curing agent composition comprises: 5-55 wt % of a polyether diamine curing agent; 0.1-8 wt % of the polyamine curing agent; and 40-90 wt % of the aromatic bifunctional curing agent; wherein the elongation at break of the polyurethane polishing layer is 50-200%; and wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion of the polyurethane polishing layer is 100-140 ppm/° C. 7. The polyurethane polishing layer of claim 6, wherein a hydrolytic stability of the polyurethane polishing layer when being hydrolyzed at a pH value of 2-5 for 80 h is smaller than 0.65%, and the hydrolytic stability of the polyurethane polishing layer when being hydrolyzed at a pH value of 9-12 for 80 h is smaller than 0.80%. 8. The polyurethane polishing layer of claim 1, wherein the polyurethane polishing layer comprises at least one endpoint detection area and/or a groove for receiving a polishing solution. 9. A method for preparing the polyurethane polishing layer of claim 1, comprising:
mixing an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer in a liquid state with a hollow microsphere polymer, and degassing in vacuum to obtain a first product; mixing the first product with a curing agent composition at 50° C. under high-speed shearing to obtain a second product; and controlling a temperature of the second product, so that an initial reaction temperature for the first product and the curing agent composition is ≤70° C. and a reaction peak temperature is ≤80° C. 10. A chemical-mechanical polishing pad having the polyurethane polishing layer of claim 1. 11. A chemical-mechanical polishing pad comprising a polyurethane polishing layer, wherein the polyurethane polishing layer is a reaction product of a raw material combination, and the raw material combination comprises an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer, a hollow microsphere polymer and a curing agent composition,
wherein the curing agent composition comprises: a secondary amine terminated polyether curing agent and an aromatic bifunctional curing agent, and a mass ratio of the secondary amine terminated polyether curing agent to the aromatic bifunctional curing agent is 1:4-4:1; and the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer comprises 5.5-9.5 wt % of unreacted —NCO groups. 12. The chemical-mechanical polishing pad of claim 11, wherein a number-average molecular weight of the secondary amine terminated polyether curing agent is 250-6000. 13. The chemical-mechanical polishing pad of claim 11, wherein the secondary amine terminated polyether curing agent comprises at least one compound selected from a group consisting of compounds represented by a general formula I and a general formula II: 14. The chemical-mechanical polishing pad of claim 11, wherein the polyurethane polishing layer has a density of 0.6-1.1 g/cm3, and a Shore hardness of 45-75. 15. The chemical-mechanical polishing pad of claim 11, wherein the polishing pad further has an endpoint detection window, and an absolute value of a difference between a Shore hardness of the endpoint detection window and a Shore hardness of the polyurethane polishing layer is ≤5. 16. A method for planarizing at least one base material selected from a semiconductor base material, an optical base material and a magnetic base material, comprising the following steps:
providing the at least one base material selected from the semiconductor base material, the optical base material and the magnetic base material, the at least one base material having a surface; providing the chemical-mechanical polishing pad of claim 11; and dynamically polishing the surface of the base material by using the chemical-mechanical polishing pad. | A polishing pad, a polyurethane polishing layer and a preparation method thereof are provided, belonging to the technical field of polishing in chemical-mechanical planarization treatment. The polyurethane polishing layer having a coefficient of thermal expansion of 100-200 ppm/° C. comprises a reaction product produced by reacting of multiple components. The multiple components include an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer, a hollow microsphere polymer and a curing agent composition. The curing agent composition includes 5-55 wt % of an aliphatic diamine composition, 0-8 wt % of a polyamine composition and 40-90 wt % of an aromatic bifunctional composition. The polyurethane polishing layer has a density of 0.6-1.1 g/cm3, a Shore hardness of 45-70D and an elongation at break of 50-450%. The polyurethane polishing layer is prepared by a simple process with low cost and energy consumption. The polyurethane polishing layer prepared by the process has a high hydrolytic stability, a uniform density and a stable removal rate.1. A polyurethane polishing layer for preparing a chemical-mechanical polishing pad, wherein the polyurethane polishing layer comprises a reaction product produced by a reaction of a multi-component raw material combination, and the raw material combination comprises an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer, a hollow microsphere polymer and a curing agent composition,
based on a total weight of the curing agent composition, the curing agent composition comprises: 5-55 wt % of an aliphatic diamine curing agent, wherein a number-average molecular weight of the aliphatic diamine is 1000-5000; 0-8 wt % of a polyamine curing agent, wherein a molecular structure of the polyamine curing agent at least comprises three primary amine groups or at least comprises three secondary amine groups, and a number-average molecular weight of the polyamine curing agent is 250-6000; and 40-90 wt % of an aromatic bifunctional curing agent; the polyurethane polishing layer has a density of 0.6-1.1 g/cm3, a Shore hardness of 45-70 and an elongation at break of 50-450%; and a coefficient of thermal expansion of the polyurethane polishing layer is 100-200 ppm/° C. 2. The polyurethane polishing layer of claim 1, wherein the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer comprises 8.5-9.5 wt % of unreacted —NCO groups. 3. The polyurethane polishing layer of claim 1, wherein a stoichiometric ratio of unreacted —NCO groups in the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer to active hydrogen-containing groups in the curing agent composition is 1.05-1.20. 4. The polyurethane polishing layer of claim 1, wherein the polyamine curing agent is selected from a group consisting of aliphatic polyamines, aromatic polyamines and a mixture thereof, wherein a number-average molecular weight of the aliphatic polyamine is 2000-6000, and a number-average molecular weight of the aliphatic polyamine is 250-2000. 5. The polyurethane polishing layer of claim 1, wherein a hydrolytic stability of the polyurethane polishing layer when being hydrolyzed at a pH value of 2-5 for 80 h is smaller than 1.5%, and the hydrolytic stability of the polyurethane polishing layer when being hydrolyzed at a pH value of 9-12 for 80 h is smaller than 1.5%. 6. The polyurethane polishing layer of claim 1, wherein the raw material combination comprises an isocyanate-terminated carbamate prepolymer, the hollow microsphere polymer and the curing agent composition;
based on the total weight of the curing agent composition, the curing agent composition comprises: 5-55 wt % of a polyether diamine curing agent; 0.1-8 wt % of the polyamine curing agent; and 40-90 wt % of the aromatic bifunctional curing agent; wherein the elongation at break of the polyurethane polishing layer is 50-200%; and wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion of the polyurethane polishing layer is 100-140 ppm/° C. 7. The polyurethane polishing layer of claim 6, wherein a hydrolytic stability of the polyurethane polishing layer when being hydrolyzed at a pH value of 2-5 for 80 h is smaller than 0.65%, and the hydrolytic stability of the polyurethane polishing layer when being hydrolyzed at a pH value of 9-12 for 80 h is smaller than 0.80%. 8. The polyurethane polishing layer of claim 1, wherein the polyurethane polishing layer comprises at least one endpoint detection area and/or a groove for receiving a polishing solution. 9. A method for preparing the polyurethane polishing layer of claim 1, comprising:
mixing an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer in a liquid state with a hollow microsphere polymer, and degassing in vacuum to obtain a first product; mixing the first product with a curing agent composition at 50° C. under high-speed shearing to obtain a second product; and controlling a temperature of the second product, so that an initial reaction temperature for the first product and the curing agent composition is ≤70° C. and a reaction peak temperature is ≤80° C. 10. A chemical-mechanical polishing pad having the polyurethane polishing layer of claim 1. 11. A chemical-mechanical polishing pad comprising a polyurethane polishing layer, wherein the polyurethane polishing layer is a reaction product of a raw material combination, and the raw material combination comprises an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer, a hollow microsphere polymer and a curing agent composition,
wherein the curing agent composition comprises: a secondary amine terminated polyether curing agent and an aromatic bifunctional curing agent, and a mass ratio of the secondary amine terminated polyether curing agent to the aromatic bifunctional curing agent is 1:4-4:1; and the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer comprises 5.5-9.5 wt % of unreacted —NCO groups. 12. The chemical-mechanical polishing pad of claim 11, wherein a number-average molecular weight of the secondary amine terminated polyether curing agent is 250-6000. 13. The chemical-mechanical polishing pad of claim 11, wherein the secondary amine terminated polyether curing agent comprises at least one compound selected from a group consisting of compounds represented by a general formula I and a general formula II: 14. The chemical-mechanical polishing pad of claim 11, wherein the polyurethane polishing layer has a density of 0.6-1.1 g/cm3, and a Shore hardness of 45-75. 15. The chemical-mechanical polishing pad of claim 11, wherein the polishing pad further has an endpoint detection window, and an absolute value of a difference between a Shore hardness of the endpoint detection window and a Shore hardness of the polyurethane polishing layer is ≤5. 16. A method for planarizing at least one base material selected from a semiconductor base material, an optical base material and a magnetic base material, comprising the following steps:
providing the at least one base material selected from the semiconductor base material, the optical base material and the magnetic base material, the at least one base material having a surface; providing the chemical-mechanical polishing pad of claim 11; and dynamically polishing the surface of the base material by using the chemical-mechanical polishing pad. | 1,700 |
338,936 | 16,641,995 | 1,766 | The present disclosure describes novel peptides, including peptides that inhibit the proteolytic activity of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). Also described are cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations including these peptides, as well as a treatment method aimed at improving the appearance and/or texture of skin and/or promoting wound healing and a method for treating diabetes. The disclosed peptides and formulations are particularly useful for addressing the problem of impaired wound healing in diabetes. | 1. An isolated peptide or peptoid of, or corresponding to, 30 amino acid residues or less, wherein the peptide comprises or consists of a peptide amino acid sequence having at least 80% sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: 2. The peptide or peptoid of claim 1, wherein the peptide or peptoid inhibits the proteolytic activity of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). 3. The peptide or peptoid of claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the peptide or peptoid comprises or corresponds to not more than 15 amino acid residues. 4. The peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the peptide comprises all L-isomer amino acid residues. 5. The peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the peptide comprises one or more D-isomer amino acid residues. 6. The peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the peptide or peptoid is cyclized. 7. The peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the peptide or peptoid comprises a modification other than cyclization that increases stability. 8. The peptide or peptoid of claim 7, wherein the peptide is a retro-inverso peptide. 9. The peptide or peptoid of claim 7, wherein the peptide comprises one or more N-methyl amino acid residues. 10. The peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the peptide comprises one or more beta-amino acid residues. 11. The peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the peptide bears no terminal protecting groups. 12. The peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the peptide comprises bears one or more terminal protecting groups. 13. The peptide or peptoid of claim 12, wherein said one or more protecting groups are independently selected from the group consisting of acetyl, amide, 3 to 20 carbon alkyl groups, fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc), 9-fluoreneacetyl group, 1-fluorenecarboxylic group, 9-fluorenecarboxylic group, 9-fluorenone-1-carboxylic group, benzyloxycarbonyl, xanthyl (Xan), trityl (Trt), 4-methyltrityl (Mtt), 4-methoxytrityl (Mmt), 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethyl-benzenesulphonyl (Mtr), mesitylene-2-sulphonyl (Mts), 4,4-dimethoxybenzhydryl (Mbh), tosyl (Tos), 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl chroman-6-sulphonyl (Pmc), 4-methylbenzyl (MeBzl), 4-methoxybenzyl (MeOBzl), benzyloxy (BzlO), benzyl (Bzl), benzoyl (Bz), 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulphenyl (Npys), 1-(4,4-dimentyl-2,6-diaxocyclohexylidene)ethyl (Dde), 2,6-dichlorobenzyl (2,6-DiCl-Bzl), 2-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl (2-Cl-Z), 2-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl (2-Br—Z), benzyloxymethyl (Bom), t-butyloxycarbonyl (Tboc), cyclohexyloxy (cHxO), t-butoxymethyl (Bum), t-butoxy (tBuO), t-butyl (tBu), and trifluoroacetyl (TFA). 14. The peptide or peptoid of claim 12 or claim 13, wherein peptide comprises a protecting group at a carboxyl terminus and/or an amino terminus. 15. The peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 12-14, wherein an amino terminus is acetylated. 16. The peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 12-15, wherein a carboxyl terminus is amidated. 17. The peptide or peptoid of claim 16, wherein the peptide comprises or consists of QSLPWCYPHCVT (SEQ ID NO:1), additionally comprising an amide group at the C-terminus of the peptide. 18. The peptide or peptoid according to any one of claims 1-17, wherein said peptide or peptoid is functionalized with a polymer to increase its stability in a biological milieu. 19. The peptide or peptoid of claim 18, wherein said polymer comprises polyethylene glycol and/or a cellulose or modified cellulose. 20. A cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation comprising the peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 1-19 and a carrier. 21. The cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation of claim 20, wherein the cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation is sterile. 22. The cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation of claim 20 or claim 21, wherein the formulation is a topical formulation. 23. The cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation of claim 22, wherein the formulation comprises an additional active agent that promotes smooth skin or wound healing. 24. The cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation of claim 20 or claim 21, which is formulated for systemic administration. 25. The cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation of claim 24, wherein the formulation is an oral or injectable formulation. 26. The cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation of claim 25, wherein the formulation additionally comprises active agent that ameliorates at least one symptom of diabetes. 27. A method of improving the appearance and/or texture of skin and/or promoting wound healing in a living subject, wherein the method comprises topically administering the peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 1-19 or the cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation according any one of claims 20-23 to the skin of the subject. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the method additionally comprises administering to the subject an additional formulation comprising one or more active agents that promote smooth skin or wound healing. 29. A method of treating diabetes, wherein the method comprises administering an effective amount of the peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 1-19 or any of the cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulations of claim 20, 21, or 24-26 to a subject having diabetes. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the method additionally comprises administering to the subject an additional formulation comprising one or more active agents that ameliorate at least one symptom of diabetes. 31. The method of any one of claims 27-30, wherein the subject is one who has been diagnosed as having diabetes. 32. The method of any one of claims 27-31, wherein the subject is a mammal. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the subject is a non-human mammal. 34. The method of claim 32, wherein the subject is a human. 35. The peptide or peptoid of claim 1, the cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation of claim 20, or the method of claim 27 or claim 29, wherein the peptide or peptoid is a peptide. 36. The peptide, cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation, or method of claim 35, wherein the peptide comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: | The present disclosure describes novel peptides, including peptides that inhibit the proteolytic activity of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). Also described are cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations including these peptides, as well as a treatment method aimed at improving the appearance and/or texture of skin and/or promoting wound healing and a method for treating diabetes. The disclosed peptides and formulations are particularly useful for addressing the problem of impaired wound healing in diabetes.1. An isolated peptide or peptoid of, or corresponding to, 30 amino acid residues or less, wherein the peptide comprises or consists of a peptide amino acid sequence having at least 80% sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: 2. The peptide or peptoid of claim 1, wherein the peptide or peptoid inhibits the proteolytic activity of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). 3. The peptide or peptoid of claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the peptide or peptoid comprises or corresponds to not more than 15 amino acid residues. 4. The peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the peptide comprises all L-isomer amino acid residues. 5. The peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the peptide comprises one or more D-isomer amino acid residues. 6. The peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the peptide or peptoid is cyclized. 7. The peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the peptide or peptoid comprises a modification other than cyclization that increases stability. 8. The peptide or peptoid of claim 7, wherein the peptide is a retro-inverso peptide. 9. The peptide or peptoid of claim 7, wherein the peptide comprises one or more N-methyl amino acid residues. 10. The peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the peptide comprises one or more beta-amino acid residues. 11. The peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the peptide bears no terminal protecting groups. 12. The peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the peptide comprises bears one or more terminal protecting groups. 13. The peptide or peptoid of claim 12, wherein said one or more protecting groups are independently selected from the group consisting of acetyl, amide, 3 to 20 carbon alkyl groups, fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc), 9-fluoreneacetyl group, 1-fluorenecarboxylic group, 9-fluorenecarboxylic group, 9-fluorenone-1-carboxylic group, benzyloxycarbonyl, xanthyl (Xan), trityl (Trt), 4-methyltrityl (Mtt), 4-methoxytrityl (Mmt), 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethyl-benzenesulphonyl (Mtr), mesitylene-2-sulphonyl (Mts), 4,4-dimethoxybenzhydryl (Mbh), tosyl (Tos), 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl chroman-6-sulphonyl (Pmc), 4-methylbenzyl (MeBzl), 4-methoxybenzyl (MeOBzl), benzyloxy (BzlO), benzyl (Bzl), benzoyl (Bz), 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulphenyl (Npys), 1-(4,4-dimentyl-2,6-diaxocyclohexylidene)ethyl (Dde), 2,6-dichlorobenzyl (2,6-DiCl-Bzl), 2-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl (2-Cl-Z), 2-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl (2-Br—Z), benzyloxymethyl (Bom), t-butyloxycarbonyl (Tboc), cyclohexyloxy (cHxO), t-butoxymethyl (Bum), t-butoxy (tBuO), t-butyl (tBu), and trifluoroacetyl (TFA). 14. The peptide or peptoid of claim 12 or claim 13, wherein peptide comprises a protecting group at a carboxyl terminus and/or an amino terminus. 15. The peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 12-14, wherein an amino terminus is acetylated. 16. The peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 12-15, wherein a carboxyl terminus is amidated. 17. The peptide or peptoid of claim 16, wherein the peptide comprises or consists of QSLPWCYPHCVT (SEQ ID NO:1), additionally comprising an amide group at the C-terminus of the peptide. 18. The peptide or peptoid according to any one of claims 1-17, wherein said peptide or peptoid is functionalized with a polymer to increase its stability in a biological milieu. 19. The peptide or peptoid of claim 18, wherein said polymer comprises polyethylene glycol and/or a cellulose or modified cellulose. 20. A cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation comprising the peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 1-19 and a carrier. 21. The cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation of claim 20, wherein the cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation is sterile. 22. The cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation of claim 20 or claim 21, wherein the formulation is a topical formulation. 23. The cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation of claim 22, wherein the formulation comprises an additional active agent that promotes smooth skin or wound healing. 24. The cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation of claim 20 or claim 21, which is formulated for systemic administration. 25. The cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation of claim 24, wherein the formulation is an oral or injectable formulation. 26. The cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation of claim 25, wherein the formulation additionally comprises active agent that ameliorates at least one symptom of diabetes. 27. A method of improving the appearance and/or texture of skin and/or promoting wound healing in a living subject, wherein the method comprises topically administering the peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 1-19 or the cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation according any one of claims 20-23 to the skin of the subject. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the method additionally comprises administering to the subject an additional formulation comprising one or more active agents that promote smooth skin or wound healing. 29. A method of treating diabetes, wherein the method comprises administering an effective amount of the peptide or peptoid of any one of claims 1-19 or any of the cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulations of claim 20, 21, or 24-26 to a subject having diabetes. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the method additionally comprises administering to the subject an additional formulation comprising one or more active agents that ameliorate at least one symptom of diabetes. 31. The method of any one of claims 27-30, wherein the subject is one who has been diagnosed as having diabetes. 32. The method of any one of claims 27-31, wherein the subject is a mammal. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the subject is a non-human mammal. 34. The method of claim 32, wherein the subject is a human. 35. The peptide or peptoid of claim 1, the cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation of claim 20, or the method of claim 27 or claim 29, wherein the peptide or peptoid is a peptide. 36. The peptide, cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulation, or method of claim 35, wherein the peptide comprises or consists of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: | 1,700 |
338,937 | 16,641,972 | 1,766 | A sealing device for sealing a through opening in a vehicle chassis includes a sealing element that can be shifted between an open position, in which the through opening is released, and a closed position, in which the through opening can be closed. The sealing device has an adjusting device which includes a guide housing that can be arranged in a spatially fixed manner on the vehicle chassis, in which guide housing a carrier element is translationally and pivotably guided, where the carrier element has the sealing element. A slide guide is provided, via which the carrier element can be translationally shifted and pivoted in relation to the guide housing. A traction element is translationally entrainably connected to the carrier element, and simultaneously connected in a rotationally decoupled manner, via a pivot bearing. The traction element is translationally shiftable by the drive. | 1.-8. (canceled) 9. A sealing device for sealing a through opening in a vehicle chassis, wherein an inner chamber having a filling or coupling device is accessible via the through opening, comprising:
a sealing element; an adjusting device, wherein the sealing element is shiftable by the adjusting device; a drive, wherein the sealing element is shiftable between an open position, in which the through opening is released, and a closed position, in which the through opening is closed by the sealing element, by the drive, wherein the sealing element in the closed position is arranged at least regionally in the through opening; wherein the adjusting device includes a guide housing that is arrangeable in a spatially fixed manner on the vehicle chassis, wherein a carrier element is translationally and pivotably guided in the guide housing, and wherein the carrier element is fixed to the sealing element; a slide guide, wherein via the d guide the carrier element is translationally shiftable and pivotable in relation to the guide housing; and a traction element, wherein the traction element is translationally entrainably connected, and simultaneously connected in a rotationally decoupled manner, to the carrier element via a pivot bearing and wherein the traction element is translationally shiftable by the drive. 10. The sealing device according to claim 9, wherein the sealing element has an outer surface which is arranged in the closed position to be flush with a chassis outer surface of the vehicle chassis and wherein the chassis outer surface surrounds the through opening. 11. The sealing device according to claim 9, wherein the drive is a motoric drive. 12. The sealing device according to claim 9, wherein the guide housing is tubular. 13. The sealing device according to claim 9, wherein the slide guide has a guide pen and a guide recess, wherein the guide pen engages into the guide recess, and wherein the guide recess at least sectionally couples a translational relative movement between the carrier element and the guide housing to a pivoting movement of the carrier element. 14. The sealing device according to claim 9, wherein the traction element is a gear rack. 15. A vehicle comprising the sealing device according to claim 9, wherein the sealing element is a fuel tank cover or a charging port cover. | A sealing device for sealing a through opening in a vehicle chassis includes a sealing element that can be shifted between an open position, in which the through opening is released, and a closed position, in which the through opening can be closed. The sealing device has an adjusting device which includes a guide housing that can be arranged in a spatially fixed manner on the vehicle chassis, in which guide housing a carrier element is translationally and pivotably guided, where the carrier element has the sealing element. A slide guide is provided, via which the carrier element can be translationally shifted and pivoted in relation to the guide housing. A traction element is translationally entrainably connected to the carrier element, and simultaneously connected in a rotationally decoupled manner, via a pivot bearing. The traction element is translationally shiftable by the drive.1.-8. (canceled) 9. A sealing device for sealing a through opening in a vehicle chassis, wherein an inner chamber having a filling or coupling device is accessible via the through opening, comprising:
a sealing element; an adjusting device, wherein the sealing element is shiftable by the adjusting device; a drive, wherein the sealing element is shiftable between an open position, in which the through opening is released, and a closed position, in which the through opening is closed by the sealing element, by the drive, wherein the sealing element in the closed position is arranged at least regionally in the through opening; wherein the adjusting device includes a guide housing that is arrangeable in a spatially fixed manner on the vehicle chassis, wherein a carrier element is translationally and pivotably guided in the guide housing, and wherein the carrier element is fixed to the sealing element; a slide guide, wherein via the d guide the carrier element is translationally shiftable and pivotable in relation to the guide housing; and a traction element, wherein the traction element is translationally entrainably connected, and simultaneously connected in a rotationally decoupled manner, to the carrier element via a pivot bearing and wherein the traction element is translationally shiftable by the drive. 10. The sealing device according to claim 9, wherein the sealing element has an outer surface which is arranged in the closed position to be flush with a chassis outer surface of the vehicle chassis and wherein the chassis outer surface surrounds the through opening. 11. The sealing device according to claim 9, wherein the drive is a motoric drive. 12. The sealing device according to claim 9, wherein the guide housing is tubular. 13. The sealing device according to claim 9, wherein the slide guide has a guide pen and a guide recess, wherein the guide pen engages into the guide recess, and wherein the guide recess at least sectionally couples a translational relative movement between the carrier element and the guide housing to a pivoting movement of the carrier element. 14. The sealing device according to claim 9, wherein the traction element is a gear rack. 15. A vehicle comprising the sealing device according to claim 9, wherein the sealing element is a fuel tank cover or a charging port cover. | 1,700 |
338,938 | 16,641,989 | 1,766 | The present invention relates to an apparatus for manufacturing artificial leather, the apparatus including an embossing molding device capable of efficiently forming an embossed pattern on the surface of artificial leather through vacuum adsorption molding and a method of manufacturing artificial leather using the apparatus. | 1. An embossing molding device, comprising:
a roller body that is formed in a cylindrical shape and is rotated by power transmitted from a motor; an embossing roller formed in a tubular shape so as to be coupled to an outer circumferential surface of the roller body and provided with vacuum holes for embossing molding and a predetermined pattern for embossing on a surface thereof; a vacuum generator that is connected to the vacuum holes through the roller body and is responsible for generating vacuum to form, through adsorption molding, an embossed pattern on a surface of artificial leather being introduced and conveyed; and a water cooling-type cooler that is installed inside the roller body and is responsible for cooling the embossing roller to a predetermined temperature. 2. The embossing molding device according to claim 1, wherein the roller body comprises a main roller for injecting air outside through a plurality of injection holes provided in an outer circumferential surface of the main roller when air is fed from an air feeder;
a tube-shaped rubber cover that is fitted into the outer circumferential surface of the main roller and is expanded outward by pressure due to air injected through the injection holes; and a vacuum bar assembly that is provided with a plurality of vacuum bars bonded radially to an outer circumferential surface of the rubber cover about a central axis of the main roller and is provided with, on an outer circumferential surface of the vacuum bar assembly, a plurality of suction holes in communication with the vacuum holes, wherein, upon expansion of the rubber cover, the vacuum bar assembly expands to press and fix an inner circumferential surface of the embossing roller. 3. The embossing molding device according to claim 2, wherein a pair of fixing plates is coupled to both sides of the main roller, wherein coupling grooves are formed on opposing surfaces of the fixing plates to fix both ends of the vacuum bars. 4. The embossing molding device according to claim 2, wherein the embossing roller is loosely fitted into an outer circumferential surface of the vacuum bar assembly to allow replacement of the embossing roller when the air feeder is not in operation. 5. The embossing molding device according to claim 2, wherein the water cooling-type cooler comprises first cooling water pipes provided longitudinally inside the vacuum bars to circulate cooling water fed from a cooling water feeder; and
second cooling water pipes provided inside the main roller and connected to the first cooling water pipes. 6. An apparatus for manufacturing artificial leather, comprising an embossing molding unit for forming an embossed pattern on an upper surface of a skin layer of a foam-molded semi-finished product by performing adsorption molding using the embossing molding device using vacuum according to claim 1. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising, at a position ahead of the embossing molding unit, a surface treatment unit for forming a surface treatment layer on an upper surface of the skin layer. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the surface treatment unit and the embossing molding unit are arranged in line. 9. The apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising:
at positions ahead of the surface treatment unit, a first molding unit for forming a pre-foam layer or a foam layer; a second molding unit for forming the skin layer; a back layer lamination unit for laminating woven fabric or nonwoven fabric on a lower surface of the pre-foam layer or the foam layer to form a back layer; and a skin layer lamination unit for laminating the skin layer on an upper surface of the pre-foam layer or the foam layer. 10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein, when the pre-foam layer is formed by the first molding unit, the apparatus further comprises a foam molding unit for forming the foam layer by foaming, at a certain magnification, the pre-foam layer comprising a foaming agent while passing, through an oven, a semi-finished product on which the skin layer is laminated. 11. The apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising, between the surface treatment unit and the embossing molding unit, an infrared light heating unit for heating a surface of a semi-finished product, on which the surface treatment layer is laminated, by radiating infrared light on the surface of the semi-finished product. 12. A method of manufacturing artificial leather, comprising:
step S1 of separately forming a pre-foam layer or a foam layer and a skin layer by molding; step S3 of laminating woven fabric or nonwoven fabric on a lower surface of the pre-foam layer or the foam layer to form a back layer; step S5 of laminating the skin layer on an upper surface of the pre-foam layer or the foam layer on which the back layer has been formed; step S7 of forming a surface treatment layer on an upper surface of the skin layer; step S9 of radiating infrared light on a surface of the surface treatment layer; and step S11 of forming an embossed pattern on upper surfaces of the skin layer and the surface treatment layer of a semi-finished product heated by irradiation with infrared light by performing adsorption molding using the embossing molding device using vacuum according to claim 1. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein step S7 and step S11 are arranged in line. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein, in step S1, the pre-foam layer or the foam layer and the skin layer are formed through extrusion molding or calender molding. 15. The method according to claim 12, wherein, when the pre-foam layer and the skin layer are formed in step S1, the method further comprises, after step S5, step S6 of foaming the pre-foam layer to form the foam layer. 16. The method according to claim 12, wherein, in step S9, radiation of infrared light is performed at a temperature of 150 to 180° C. for 5 to 15 seconds. 17. The method according to claim 12, wherein the processing speed of the semi-finished product is 13 to 17 m/min, and, in step S9, a length of a zone irradiated with infrared light corresponding to the processing speed is 3 to 4 m. 18. The method according to claim 12, wherein step S11 is performed at a temperature of 150 to 190° C. under a pressure of 0.02 to 0.08 MPa. | The present invention relates to an apparatus for manufacturing artificial leather, the apparatus including an embossing molding device capable of efficiently forming an embossed pattern on the surface of artificial leather through vacuum adsorption molding and a method of manufacturing artificial leather using the apparatus.1. An embossing molding device, comprising:
a roller body that is formed in a cylindrical shape and is rotated by power transmitted from a motor; an embossing roller formed in a tubular shape so as to be coupled to an outer circumferential surface of the roller body and provided with vacuum holes for embossing molding and a predetermined pattern for embossing on a surface thereof; a vacuum generator that is connected to the vacuum holes through the roller body and is responsible for generating vacuum to form, through adsorption molding, an embossed pattern on a surface of artificial leather being introduced and conveyed; and a water cooling-type cooler that is installed inside the roller body and is responsible for cooling the embossing roller to a predetermined temperature. 2. The embossing molding device according to claim 1, wherein the roller body comprises a main roller for injecting air outside through a plurality of injection holes provided in an outer circumferential surface of the main roller when air is fed from an air feeder;
a tube-shaped rubber cover that is fitted into the outer circumferential surface of the main roller and is expanded outward by pressure due to air injected through the injection holes; and a vacuum bar assembly that is provided with a plurality of vacuum bars bonded radially to an outer circumferential surface of the rubber cover about a central axis of the main roller and is provided with, on an outer circumferential surface of the vacuum bar assembly, a plurality of suction holes in communication with the vacuum holes, wherein, upon expansion of the rubber cover, the vacuum bar assembly expands to press and fix an inner circumferential surface of the embossing roller. 3. The embossing molding device according to claim 2, wherein a pair of fixing plates is coupled to both sides of the main roller, wherein coupling grooves are formed on opposing surfaces of the fixing plates to fix both ends of the vacuum bars. 4. The embossing molding device according to claim 2, wherein the embossing roller is loosely fitted into an outer circumferential surface of the vacuum bar assembly to allow replacement of the embossing roller when the air feeder is not in operation. 5. The embossing molding device according to claim 2, wherein the water cooling-type cooler comprises first cooling water pipes provided longitudinally inside the vacuum bars to circulate cooling water fed from a cooling water feeder; and
second cooling water pipes provided inside the main roller and connected to the first cooling water pipes. 6. An apparatus for manufacturing artificial leather, comprising an embossing molding unit for forming an embossed pattern on an upper surface of a skin layer of a foam-molded semi-finished product by performing adsorption molding using the embossing molding device using vacuum according to claim 1. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising, at a position ahead of the embossing molding unit, a surface treatment unit for forming a surface treatment layer on an upper surface of the skin layer. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the surface treatment unit and the embossing molding unit are arranged in line. 9. The apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising:
at positions ahead of the surface treatment unit, a first molding unit for forming a pre-foam layer or a foam layer; a second molding unit for forming the skin layer; a back layer lamination unit for laminating woven fabric or nonwoven fabric on a lower surface of the pre-foam layer or the foam layer to form a back layer; and a skin layer lamination unit for laminating the skin layer on an upper surface of the pre-foam layer or the foam layer. 10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein, when the pre-foam layer is formed by the first molding unit, the apparatus further comprises a foam molding unit for forming the foam layer by foaming, at a certain magnification, the pre-foam layer comprising a foaming agent while passing, through an oven, a semi-finished product on which the skin layer is laminated. 11. The apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising, between the surface treatment unit and the embossing molding unit, an infrared light heating unit for heating a surface of a semi-finished product, on which the surface treatment layer is laminated, by radiating infrared light on the surface of the semi-finished product. 12. A method of manufacturing artificial leather, comprising:
step S1 of separately forming a pre-foam layer or a foam layer and a skin layer by molding; step S3 of laminating woven fabric or nonwoven fabric on a lower surface of the pre-foam layer or the foam layer to form a back layer; step S5 of laminating the skin layer on an upper surface of the pre-foam layer or the foam layer on which the back layer has been formed; step S7 of forming a surface treatment layer on an upper surface of the skin layer; step S9 of radiating infrared light on a surface of the surface treatment layer; and step S11 of forming an embossed pattern on upper surfaces of the skin layer and the surface treatment layer of a semi-finished product heated by irradiation with infrared light by performing adsorption molding using the embossing molding device using vacuum according to claim 1. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein step S7 and step S11 are arranged in line. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein, in step S1, the pre-foam layer or the foam layer and the skin layer are formed through extrusion molding or calender molding. 15. The method according to claim 12, wherein, when the pre-foam layer and the skin layer are formed in step S1, the method further comprises, after step S5, step S6 of foaming the pre-foam layer to form the foam layer. 16. The method according to claim 12, wherein, in step S9, radiation of infrared light is performed at a temperature of 150 to 180° C. for 5 to 15 seconds. 17. The method according to claim 12, wherein the processing speed of the semi-finished product is 13 to 17 m/min, and, in step S9, a length of a zone irradiated with infrared light corresponding to the processing speed is 3 to 4 m. 18. The method according to claim 12, wherein step S11 is performed at a temperature of 150 to 190° C. under a pressure of 0.02 to 0.08 MPa. | 1,700 |
338,939 | 16,641,980 | 1,766 | A thermoplastic resin composition capable of providing a molded article which is inhibited from making rattling noise and preferably has high rigidity is provided, which comprises a rubber-reinforced resin (A) having a rubber portion (a1) derived from a block copolymer, or hydrogenated product thereof; and a resin portion (a2) comprising a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound. The block copolymer includes a block (I) having a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound, and a block (II) having a structural unit derived from isoprene or from isoprene and butadiene, and having a main dispersion peak of tan δ at no less than 0° C. The thermoplastic resin composition has a maximum value of sound pressure of 3.0 Pa/N or less over a frequency range of 20-20,000 Hz measured under predetermined conditions. | 1. A thermoplastic resin composition which comprises at least a rubber-reinforced resin (A) having a rubbery part (a1) and a resin part (a2),
the rubbery part (a1) comprising a rubbery part (a1-1) derived from a block copolymer composed of a block (I) having a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound, and a block (II) having a structural unit derived from isoprene or isoprene and butadiene and having a main dispersion peak of tan δ at 0° C. or more, or a hydrogenated product thereof, the resin part (a2) comprising a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound, and the thermoplastic resin composition having a maximum value of sound pressure of 3.0 Pa/N or less as measured in a frequency range of 20 to 20,000 Hz under the following measurement conditions that the measurement is performed based on a frequency spectrum of sound pressure obtained by striking a center of one surface of a test piece with a force of 20±5 N using a stainless steel hammer, and collecting a sound generated at this moment by use of a sound pressure microphone placed at a distance of 12 cm from the above surface in a perpendicular direction, the test piece being an integrally molded article having a rectangular main body having a length of 120 mm, a width of 60 mm, and a thickness of 3 mm and provided at an upper end thereof with a trapezoidal protrusion having an upper base of 20 mm, a lower base of 40 mm, a height of 8 mm, and a thickness of 1.5 mm, and being suspended by two strings taped to the protrusion. 2. The thermoplastic composition according to claim 1, which has a frequency giving the maximum value of sound pressure in a range of 20 to 9,000 Hz or 14,000 to 19,000 Hz. 3. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, which has a noise risk of 3 or less as measured using a stick-slip tester SSP-02 manufactured by ZINS Ziegler-Instruments GmbH under the following measurement conditions that a test piece having a length of 60 mm, a width of 100 mm, and a thickness of 4 mm, and a test piece having a length of 50 mm, a width of 25 mm, and a thickness of 4 mm are provided, and then a surface of the former test piece is rubbed against a surface of the latter test piece three times with a swing of 20 mm at a temperature of 23° C., a humidity of 50% RH, a load of 40 N and a velocity of 10 mm/s. 4. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the rubbery part (a1) further comprises a rubbery part (a1-2) derived from an ethylene-α-olefin rubbery polymer. 5. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 4, wherein the rubber-reinforced resin (A) comprises a rubber-reinforced aromatic vinyl resin (A1) having a rubbery part (a1-1) derived from the block copolymer or hydrogenated product thereof, and a resin part (a2) comprising a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound, and a rubber-reinforced aromatic vinyl resin (A2) having a rubbery part (a1-2) derived from an ethylene-α-olefin rubbery polymer, and a resin part (a2) comprising a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound. 6. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 4, wherein the rubbery part (a1) further comprises a rubbery part (a1-3) derived from a diene rubbery polymer. 7. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 6, wherein the rubber-reinforced resin (A) comprises a rubber-reinforced aromatic vinyl resin (A1) having a rubbery part (a1-1) derived from the block copolymer or hydrogenated product thereof, and a resin part (a2) comprising a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound, a rubber-reinforced aromatic vinyl resin (A2) having a rubbery part (a1-2) derived from an ethylene-α-olefin rubbery polymer, and a resin part (a2) comprising a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound, and a rubber-reinforced aromatic vinyl resin (A3) having a rubbery part (a1-3) derived from a diene rubbery polymer, and a resin part (a2) comprising a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound. 8. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, which rubber content is 5 to 60% by mass. 9. A molded article formed of the thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1. 10. A hitting sound-reducing material for a thermoplastic resin composition, comprising a rubber-reinforced aromatic vinyl resin (A1) having
a rubbery part (a1-1) derived from a block copolymer composed of a block (I) having a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound, and a block (II) having a structural unit derived from isoprene or isoprene and butadiene and having a main dispersion peak of tan δ at 0° C. or more, or a hydrogenated product thereof, and a resin part (a2) comprising a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound. | A thermoplastic resin composition capable of providing a molded article which is inhibited from making rattling noise and preferably has high rigidity is provided, which comprises a rubber-reinforced resin (A) having a rubber portion (a1) derived from a block copolymer, or hydrogenated product thereof; and a resin portion (a2) comprising a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound. The block copolymer includes a block (I) having a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound, and a block (II) having a structural unit derived from isoprene or from isoprene and butadiene, and having a main dispersion peak of tan δ at no less than 0° C. The thermoplastic resin composition has a maximum value of sound pressure of 3.0 Pa/N or less over a frequency range of 20-20,000 Hz measured under predetermined conditions.1. A thermoplastic resin composition which comprises at least a rubber-reinforced resin (A) having a rubbery part (a1) and a resin part (a2),
the rubbery part (a1) comprising a rubbery part (a1-1) derived from a block copolymer composed of a block (I) having a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound, and a block (II) having a structural unit derived from isoprene or isoprene and butadiene and having a main dispersion peak of tan δ at 0° C. or more, or a hydrogenated product thereof, the resin part (a2) comprising a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound, and the thermoplastic resin composition having a maximum value of sound pressure of 3.0 Pa/N or less as measured in a frequency range of 20 to 20,000 Hz under the following measurement conditions that the measurement is performed based on a frequency spectrum of sound pressure obtained by striking a center of one surface of a test piece with a force of 20±5 N using a stainless steel hammer, and collecting a sound generated at this moment by use of a sound pressure microphone placed at a distance of 12 cm from the above surface in a perpendicular direction, the test piece being an integrally molded article having a rectangular main body having a length of 120 mm, a width of 60 mm, and a thickness of 3 mm and provided at an upper end thereof with a trapezoidal protrusion having an upper base of 20 mm, a lower base of 40 mm, a height of 8 mm, and a thickness of 1.5 mm, and being suspended by two strings taped to the protrusion. 2. The thermoplastic composition according to claim 1, which has a frequency giving the maximum value of sound pressure in a range of 20 to 9,000 Hz or 14,000 to 19,000 Hz. 3. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, which has a noise risk of 3 or less as measured using a stick-slip tester SSP-02 manufactured by ZINS Ziegler-Instruments GmbH under the following measurement conditions that a test piece having a length of 60 mm, a width of 100 mm, and a thickness of 4 mm, and a test piece having a length of 50 mm, a width of 25 mm, and a thickness of 4 mm are provided, and then a surface of the former test piece is rubbed against a surface of the latter test piece three times with a swing of 20 mm at a temperature of 23° C., a humidity of 50% RH, a load of 40 N and a velocity of 10 mm/s. 4. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the rubbery part (a1) further comprises a rubbery part (a1-2) derived from an ethylene-α-olefin rubbery polymer. 5. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 4, wherein the rubber-reinforced resin (A) comprises a rubber-reinforced aromatic vinyl resin (A1) having a rubbery part (a1-1) derived from the block copolymer or hydrogenated product thereof, and a resin part (a2) comprising a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound, and a rubber-reinforced aromatic vinyl resin (A2) having a rubbery part (a1-2) derived from an ethylene-α-olefin rubbery polymer, and a resin part (a2) comprising a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound. 6. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 4, wherein the rubbery part (a1) further comprises a rubbery part (a1-3) derived from a diene rubbery polymer. 7. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 6, wherein the rubber-reinforced resin (A) comprises a rubber-reinforced aromatic vinyl resin (A1) having a rubbery part (a1-1) derived from the block copolymer or hydrogenated product thereof, and a resin part (a2) comprising a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound, a rubber-reinforced aromatic vinyl resin (A2) having a rubbery part (a1-2) derived from an ethylene-α-olefin rubbery polymer, and a resin part (a2) comprising a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound, and a rubber-reinforced aromatic vinyl resin (A3) having a rubbery part (a1-3) derived from a diene rubbery polymer, and a resin part (a2) comprising a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound. 8. The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1, which rubber content is 5 to 60% by mass. 9. A molded article formed of the thermoplastic resin composition according to claim 1. 10. A hitting sound-reducing material for a thermoplastic resin composition, comprising a rubber-reinforced aromatic vinyl resin (A1) having
a rubbery part (a1-1) derived from a block copolymer composed of a block (I) having a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound, and a block (II) having a structural unit derived from isoprene or isoprene and butadiene and having a main dispersion peak of tan δ at 0° C. or more, or a hydrogenated product thereof, and a resin part (a2) comprising a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound. | 1,700 |
338,940 | 16,799,838 | 1,766 | An embodiment of the present invention provides a control device, applied to an exoskeleton system, which includes a sensing unit for measuring topographic data; and a processing unit coupled to the sensing unit for determining a frontal terrain in a moving direction of the exoskeleton system according to a measurement of the sensing unit, for adjusting operations of a driving device of the exoskeleton system. The sensing unit measures a distance and a direction of at least a measuring point corresponding to the sensing unit to measure the topographic data, wherein the measuring point is located in front of the exoskeleton system along the moving direction. | 1. A control device, applied to an exoskeleton system, comprising:
a sensing unit, configured to measure topographic data; and a processing unit, coupled to the sensing unit, configured to determine a frontal terrain of the exoskeleton system in a moving direction according to a measurement of the sensing unit to adjust an operation of a driving device of the exoskeleton system; wherein the sensing unit is configured to measure a distance and a direction of at least one measuring point corresponding to the sensing unit to measure the topographic data, wherein the at least one measuring point is located in front of the exoskeleton system in the moving direction. 2. The control device of claim 1, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that at least one vertical position of the at least one measuring point is higher than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is an uphill terrain; and the processing unit is further configured to calculate a grade and a vertical height of the uphill terrain to adjust the operation of the driving device for making a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the height of the uphill terrain. 3. The control device of claim 1, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that at least one vertical position of the at least one measuring point is lower than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a downhill terrain; and the processing unit is further configured to calculate a grade and a vertical height of the downhill terrain to adjust the operation of the driving device for making a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the height of the downhill terrain. 4. The control device of claim 1, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that at least one vertical position of the at least one measuring point is similar to a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a flat terrain; and the processing unit is further configured to adjust the operation of the driving device for making a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the flat terrain. 5. The control device of claim 1, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that a horizontal distance between the at least one measuring point and a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system is not greater a first value, but a vertical distance between the measuring point and the bottom is greater than a second value, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a bump; and the processing unit is further configured to calculate a size of the bump to adjust the operation of the driving device for making the bottom of the branch in the moving direction cross, fall upon, or bypass the bump or stop moving. 6. The control device of claim 1, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that the at least one measuring point is roughly located to a plane, and a vertical position is higher than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is an ascending stair; and the processing unit is further configured to calculate a step height of the ascending stair to adjust the operation of the driving device for making a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the ascending stair. 7. The control device of claim 1, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that the at least one measuring point is roughly located to a plane, and a vertical position is lower than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a descending stair; and the processing unit is further configured to calculate a step height of the descending stair to adjust the operation of the driving device for making a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the descending stair. 8. An exoskeleton system, comprising:
at least one branch; a driving device, connected to the at least one branch, configured to drive the at least one branch according to a control signal; and a control device, comprising:
a sensing unit, configured to measure a topographic data; and
a processing unit, coupled to the sensing unit and the driving device, configured to determine a frontal terrain of the exoskeleton system in a moving direction according to a measurement of the sensing unit, to generate the control signal and to adjust an operation of a driving device;
wherein the sensing unit is configured to measure a distance and a direction of at least one measuring point corresponding to the sensing unit to measure the topographic data, wherein the at least one measuring point is located in front of the exoskeleton system in the moving direction. 9. The exoskeleton system of claim 8, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that at least one vertical position of the at least one measuring point is higher than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is an uphill terrain; and the processing unit is further configured to calculate a grade and a vertical height of the uphill terrain to adjust the operation of the driving device for making a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the height of the uphill terrain. 10. The exoskeleton system of claim 8, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that at least one vertical position of the at least one measuring point is lower than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a downhill terrain; and the processing unit is further configured to calculate a grade and a vertical height of the downhill terrain to adjust the operation of the driving device for making a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the height of the downhill terrain. 11. The exoskeleton system of claim 8, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that at least one vertical position of the at least one measuring point is similar to a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a flat terrain; and the processing unit is further configured to adjust the operation of the driving device for making a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the flat terrain. 12. The exoskeleton system of claim 8, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that a horizontal distance between the at least one measuring point and a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system is not greater a first value, but a vertical distance between the measuring point and the bottom is greater than a second value, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a bump; and the processing unit is further configured to calculate a size of the bump to adjust the operation of the driving device for making the bottom of the branch in the moving direction cross, fall upon, or bypass the bump or stop moving. 13. The exoskeleton system of claim 8, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that the at least one measuring point is roughly located to a plane, and a vertical position is higher than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is an ascending stair; and the processing unit is further configured to calculate a step height of the ascending stair to adjust the operation of the driving device for making a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the ascending stair. 14. The exoskeleton system of claim 8, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that the at least one measuring point is roughly located to a plane, and a vertical position is lower than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a descending stair; and the processing unit is further configured to calculate a step height of the descending stair to adjust the operation of the driving device for making a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the descending stair. 15. A control method, applied to an exoskeleton system, comprising:
measuring a topographic data; and determining a frontal terrain of the exoskeleton system in a moving direction according to the topographic data, to adjust an operation of a driving device of the exoskeleton system; wherein the step for measuring the topographic data comprises a distance and a direction of at least one measuring point corresponding to the exoskeleton system, wherein the at least one measuring point is located in front of the exoskeleton system in the moving direction. 16. The control method of claim 15, further comprising:
when at least one vertical position of the at least one measuring point is higher than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, determining that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is an uphill terrain; and calculating a grade and a vertical height of the uphill terrain and adjusting the operation of the driving device to make a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the height of the uphill terrain. 17. The control method of claim 15, further comprising:
when at least one vertical position of the at least one measuring point is lower than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, determining that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a downhill terrain; and calculating a grade and a vertical height of the downhill terrain and adjusting the operation of the driving device to make a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the height of the downhill terrain. 18. The control method of claim 15, further comprising:
when at least one vertical position of the at least one measuring point is similar to a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, determining that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a flat terrain; and adjusting the operation of the driving device to make a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the flat terrain. 19. The control method of claim 15, further comprising:
when a horizontal distance between the at least one measuring point and a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system is not greater a first value, but a vertical distance between the measuring point and the bottom is greater than a second value, determining that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a bump; and calculating a size of the bump and adjusting the operation of the driving device to make the bottom of the branch in the moving direction cross, fall upon, or bypass the bump or stop moving. 20. The control method of claim 15, further comprising:
when the at least one measuring point is roughly located to a plane, and a vertical position is higher than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, determining that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is an ascending stair; and calculating a step height of the ascending stair and adjusting the operation of the driving device to make a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the ascending stair. 21. The control method of claim 15, further comprising:
when the at least one measuring point is roughly located to a plane, and a vertical position is lower than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, determining that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a descending stair; and calculating a step height of the descending stair and adjusting the operation of the driving device to make a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the descending stair. | An embodiment of the present invention provides a control device, applied to an exoskeleton system, which includes a sensing unit for measuring topographic data; and a processing unit coupled to the sensing unit for determining a frontal terrain in a moving direction of the exoskeleton system according to a measurement of the sensing unit, for adjusting operations of a driving device of the exoskeleton system. The sensing unit measures a distance and a direction of at least a measuring point corresponding to the sensing unit to measure the topographic data, wherein the measuring point is located in front of the exoskeleton system along the moving direction.1. A control device, applied to an exoskeleton system, comprising:
a sensing unit, configured to measure topographic data; and a processing unit, coupled to the sensing unit, configured to determine a frontal terrain of the exoskeleton system in a moving direction according to a measurement of the sensing unit to adjust an operation of a driving device of the exoskeleton system; wherein the sensing unit is configured to measure a distance and a direction of at least one measuring point corresponding to the sensing unit to measure the topographic data, wherein the at least one measuring point is located in front of the exoskeleton system in the moving direction. 2. The control device of claim 1, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that at least one vertical position of the at least one measuring point is higher than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is an uphill terrain; and the processing unit is further configured to calculate a grade and a vertical height of the uphill terrain to adjust the operation of the driving device for making a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the height of the uphill terrain. 3. The control device of claim 1, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that at least one vertical position of the at least one measuring point is lower than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a downhill terrain; and the processing unit is further configured to calculate a grade and a vertical height of the downhill terrain to adjust the operation of the driving device for making a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the height of the downhill terrain. 4. The control device of claim 1, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that at least one vertical position of the at least one measuring point is similar to a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a flat terrain; and the processing unit is further configured to adjust the operation of the driving device for making a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the flat terrain. 5. The control device of claim 1, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that a horizontal distance between the at least one measuring point and a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system is not greater a first value, but a vertical distance between the measuring point and the bottom is greater than a second value, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a bump; and the processing unit is further configured to calculate a size of the bump to adjust the operation of the driving device for making the bottom of the branch in the moving direction cross, fall upon, or bypass the bump or stop moving. 6. The control device of claim 1, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that the at least one measuring point is roughly located to a plane, and a vertical position is higher than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is an ascending stair; and the processing unit is further configured to calculate a step height of the ascending stair to adjust the operation of the driving device for making a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the ascending stair. 7. The control device of claim 1, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that the at least one measuring point is roughly located to a plane, and a vertical position is lower than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a descending stair; and the processing unit is further configured to calculate a step height of the descending stair to adjust the operation of the driving device for making a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the descending stair. 8. An exoskeleton system, comprising:
at least one branch; a driving device, connected to the at least one branch, configured to drive the at least one branch according to a control signal; and a control device, comprising:
a sensing unit, configured to measure a topographic data; and
a processing unit, coupled to the sensing unit and the driving device, configured to determine a frontal terrain of the exoskeleton system in a moving direction according to a measurement of the sensing unit, to generate the control signal and to adjust an operation of a driving device;
wherein the sensing unit is configured to measure a distance and a direction of at least one measuring point corresponding to the sensing unit to measure the topographic data, wherein the at least one measuring point is located in front of the exoskeleton system in the moving direction. 9. The exoskeleton system of claim 8, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that at least one vertical position of the at least one measuring point is higher than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is an uphill terrain; and the processing unit is further configured to calculate a grade and a vertical height of the uphill terrain to adjust the operation of the driving device for making a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the height of the uphill terrain. 10. The exoskeleton system of claim 8, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that at least one vertical position of the at least one measuring point is lower than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a downhill terrain; and the processing unit is further configured to calculate a grade and a vertical height of the downhill terrain to adjust the operation of the driving device for making a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the height of the downhill terrain. 11. The exoskeleton system of claim 8, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that at least one vertical position of the at least one measuring point is similar to a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a flat terrain; and the processing unit is further configured to adjust the operation of the driving device for making a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the flat terrain. 12. The exoskeleton system of claim 8, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that a horizontal distance between the at least one measuring point and a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system is not greater a first value, but a vertical distance between the measuring point and the bottom is greater than a second value, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a bump; and the processing unit is further configured to calculate a size of the bump to adjust the operation of the driving device for making the bottom of the branch in the moving direction cross, fall upon, or bypass the bump or stop moving. 13. The exoskeleton system of claim 8, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that the at least one measuring point is roughly located to a plane, and a vertical position is higher than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is an ascending stair; and the processing unit is further configured to calculate a step height of the ascending stair to adjust the operation of the driving device for making a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the ascending stair. 14. The exoskeleton system of claim 8, wherein when the measurement of the sensing unit shows that the at least one measuring point is roughly located to a plane, and a vertical position is lower than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, the processing unit determines that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a descending stair; and the processing unit is further configured to calculate a step height of the descending stair to adjust the operation of the driving device for making a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the descending stair. 15. A control method, applied to an exoskeleton system, comprising:
measuring a topographic data; and determining a frontal terrain of the exoskeleton system in a moving direction according to the topographic data, to adjust an operation of a driving device of the exoskeleton system; wherein the step for measuring the topographic data comprises a distance and a direction of at least one measuring point corresponding to the exoskeleton system, wherein the at least one measuring point is located in front of the exoskeleton system in the moving direction. 16. The control method of claim 15, further comprising:
when at least one vertical position of the at least one measuring point is higher than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, determining that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is an uphill terrain; and calculating a grade and a vertical height of the uphill terrain and adjusting the operation of the driving device to make a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the height of the uphill terrain. 17. The control method of claim 15, further comprising:
when at least one vertical position of the at least one measuring point is lower than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, determining that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a downhill terrain; and calculating a grade and a vertical height of the downhill terrain and adjusting the operation of the driving device to make a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the height of the downhill terrain. 18. The control method of claim 15, further comprising:
when at least one vertical position of the at least one measuring point is similar to a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, determining that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a flat terrain; and adjusting the operation of the driving device to make a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the flat terrain. 19. The control method of claim 15, further comprising:
when a horizontal distance between the at least one measuring point and a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system is not greater a first value, but a vertical distance between the measuring point and the bottom is greater than a second value, determining that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a bump; and calculating a size of the bump and adjusting the operation of the driving device to make the bottom of the branch in the moving direction cross, fall upon, or bypass the bump or stop moving. 20. The control method of claim 15, further comprising:
when the at least one measuring point is roughly located to a plane, and a vertical position is higher than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, determining that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is an ascending stair; and calculating a step height of the ascending stair and adjusting the operation of the driving device to make a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the ascending stair. 21. The control method of claim 15, further comprising:
when the at least one measuring point is roughly located to a plane, and a vertical position is lower than a current vertical position of a bottom of a branch of the exoskeleton system, determining that the frontal terrain in the moving direction of the exoskeleton system is a descending stair; and calculating a step height of the descending stair and adjusting the operation of the driving device to make a next touchdown point of the bottom of the branch in the moving direction fit the descending stair. | 1,700 |
338,941 | 16,641,973 | 1,766 | A sheet expressing a good tactile sensation and a molded product thereof. By configuring a resin sheet including hairlike bodies arranged regularly on at least one surface of an underlayer in which a continuous phase is formed without any structural boundary between the underlayer and the hairlike bodies, and the underlayer and the hairlike bodies have at least partially a crosslinked structure, a molded product expressing a good tactile sensation is obtained. | 1. A resin sheet having hairlike bodies arranged regularly on at least one surface of an underlayer, wherein a continuous phase is formed without a structural boundary between the underlayer and the hairlike bodies and the underlayer and the hairlike bodies at least partially have a crosslinked structure. 2. The resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the underlayer and the hairlike bodies have a thermoplastic resin as a main component and the thermoplastic resin comprises at least one selected from a styrenic resin, an olefinic resin, a polyvinyl chloride resin, a thermoplastic elastomer, and a fluorine-based resin. 3. The resin sheet according to claim 1 wherein the average height of the hairlike bodies is no less than 100 μm and no greater than 1,200 μm, the average diameter of the hairlike bodies is no less than 1 μm and no greater than 50 μm, and the average spacing of the hairlike bodies is no less than 20 μm and no greater than 200 μm. 4. The resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the static friction coefficient of the surface having the hairlike bodies with respect to the dynamic friction coefficient thereof is 1.0-10.0. 5. The resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the angular width at which the reflected light intensity of the surface having the hairlike bodies is obtained is −90° to 90°. 6. The resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the underlayer is no less than 15 μm. 7. The resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the hairlike bodies extend hairlike in a direction away from the underlayer and a swelling is formed at the tips thereof. 8. The resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the underlayer and the hairlike bodies are formed from a single sheet. 9. The resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the resin sheet is a multilayer resin sheet. 10. The resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein at least one substrate layer selected from a styrenic resin, an olefinic resin, a polyester-based resin, a nylon-based resin, an acrylic resin, and a thermoplastic elastomer is laminated on the other surface of the underlayer. 11. The resin sheet according to claim 1, comprising one or more additives selected from a water and oil repellent, an antistatic agent, an antibacterial agent, an ultraviolet absorbing agent, a colorant, and a mold release agent. 12. The resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the reduction rate of the average height of the hairlike bodies due to heat-stretch molding is less than 30%. 13. A method for manufacturing the resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the hairlike bodies are formed by casting, with a transfer roll on which relief process has been performed and a touch roll, a sheet that has been melt-extruded from a die with an extrusion molding method. 14. A molded product of the resin sheet according to claim 1. 15. The molded product according to claim 14, wherein the molded product is an automobile interior member, an electronic device member, an electronic device cladding, a cosmetic container member, a stationery member, or a livingware member. 16. An article using the resin sheet according to claim 1. 17. The article according to claim 16, wherein the article is an automobile interior member, an electronic device member, an electronic device cladding, a cosmetic container member, a stationery member, or a livingware member. 18. A method for manufacturing the molded product or the article according to claim 14, comprising vacuum-pressure molding, insert molding, or in-mold molding the resin sheet having hairlike bodies arranged regularly on at least one surface of an underlayer, wherein a continuous phase is formed without a structural boundary between the underlayer and the hairlike bodies and the underlayer and the hairlike bodies at least partially have a crosslinked structure. | A sheet expressing a good tactile sensation and a molded product thereof. By configuring a resin sheet including hairlike bodies arranged regularly on at least one surface of an underlayer in which a continuous phase is formed without any structural boundary between the underlayer and the hairlike bodies, and the underlayer and the hairlike bodies have at least partially a crosslinked structure, a molded product expressing a good tactile sensation is obtained.1. A resin sheet having hairlike bodies arranged regularly on at least one surface of an underlayer, wherein a continuous phase is formed without a structural boundary between the underlayer and the hairlike bodies and the underlayer and the hairlike bodies at least partially have a crosslinked structure. 2. The resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the underlayer and the hairlike bodies have a thermoplastic resin as a main component and the thermoplastic resin comprises at least one selected from a styrenic resin, an olefinic resin, a polyvinyl chloride resin, a thermoplastic elastomer, and a fluorine-based resin. 3. The resin sheet according to claim 1 wherein the average height of the hairlike bodies is no less than 100 μm and no greater than 1,200 μm, the average diameter of the hairlike bodies is no less than 1 μm and no greater than 50 μm, and the average spacing of the hairlike bodies is no less than 20 μm and no greater than 200 μm. 4. The resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the static friction coefficient of the surface having the hairlike bodies with respect to the dynamic friction coefficient thereof is 1.0-10.0. 5. The resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the angular width at which the reflected light intensity of the surface having the hairlike bodies is obtained is −90° to 90°. 6. The resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the underlayer is no less than 15 μm. 7. The resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the hairlike bodies extend hairlike in a direction away from the underlayer and a swelling is formed at the tips thereof. 8. The resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the underlayer and the hairlike bodies are formed from a single sheet. 9. The resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the resin sheet is a multilayer resin sheet. 10. The resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein at least one substrate layer selected from a styrenic resin, an olefinic resin, a polyester-based resin, a nylon-based resin, an acrylic resin, and a thermoplastic elastomer is laminated on the other surface of the underlayer. 11. The resin sheet according to claim 1, comprising one or more additives selected from a water and oil repellent, an antistatic agent, an antibacterial agent, an ultraviolet absorbing agent, a colorant, and a mold release agent. 12. The resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the reduction rate of the average height of the hairlike bodies due to heat-stretch molding is less than 30%. 13. A method for manufacturing the resin sheet according to claim 1, wherein the hairlike bodies are formed by casting, with a transfer roll on which relief process has been performed and a touch roll, a sheet that has been melt-extruded from a die with an extrusion molding method. 14. A molded product of the resin sheet according to claim 1. 15. The molded product according to claim 14, wherein the molded product is an automobile interior member, an electronic device member, an electronic device cladding, a cosmetic container member, a stationery member, or a livingware member. 16. An article using the resin sheet according to claim 1. 17. The article according to claim 16, wherein the article is an automobile interior member, an electronic device member, an electronic device cladding, a cosmetic container member, a stationery member, or a livingware member. 18. A method for manufacturing the molded product or the article according to claim 14, comprising vacuum-pressure molding, insert molding, or in-mold molding the resin sheet having hairlike bodies arranged regularly on at least one surface of an underlayer, wherein a continuous phase is formed without a structural boundary between the underlayer and the hairlike bodies and the underlayer and the hairlike bodies at least partially have a crosslinked structure. | 1,700 |
338,942 | 16,799,832 | 1,766 | A charging device includes: a holder detachably connected to a connector of a camera head to which an endoscope is detachably connected; and a power supplier configured to supply power to a battery of the camera head held by the holder. | 1. A charging device comprising:
a holder detachably connected to a connector of a camera head to which an endoscope is detachably connected; and a power supplier configured to supply power to a battery of the camera head held by the holder. 2. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the power supplier is configured to supply power supply wirelessly to the camera head. 3. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the power supplier is disposed near the holder. 4. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the power supplier is a coil and disposed in the holder. 5. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the holders are provided. 6. The charging device according to claim 1, comprising
main body including an air-tight or water-tight inner portion, the main body being provided with the holder and the power supplier. 7. The charging device according to claim 2, further comprising
a wired power cable, wherein an end portion of the wired power cable opposite to an end portion connected to the charging device includes a connector detachable from the connector of the camera head. | A charging device includes: a holder detachably connected to a connector of a camera head to which an endoscope is detachably connected; and a power supplier configured to supply power to a battery of the camera head held by the holder.1. A charging device comprising:
a holder detachably connected to a connector of a camera head to which an endoscope is detachably connected; and a power supplier configured to supply power to a battery of the camera head held by the holder. 2. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the power supplier is configured to supply power supply wirelessly to the camera head. 3. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the power supplier is disposed near the holder. 4. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the power supplier is a coil and disposed in the holder. 5. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the holders are provided. 6. The charging device according to claim 1, comprising
main body including an air-tight or water-tight inner portion, the main body being provided with the holder and the power supplier. 7. The charging device according to claim 2, further comprising
a wired power cable, wherein an end portion of the wired power cable opposite to an end portion connected to the charging device includes a connector detachable from the connector of the camera head. | 1,700 |
338,943 | 16,642,016 | 1,766 | A tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube includes a tent rack and support legs attached to an underside of the tent rack. The support legs include a fixed leg tube, a movable leg tube movable up and down within the fixed leg tube, and a locking mechanism defining movement of the movable leg tube. The locking mechanism includes a locking plate movably disposed on the fixed leg tube and movable forward and backward relative to the movable leg tube, and a locking member capable of locking the movable leg tube by linkage with the locking plate. Through the coaxial connection between the locking plate and the locking member, the structure is simple, the connection reliability is high, and the operation is convenient, so that the locking and unlocking may be realized only by rotating the locking plate. | 1. A tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube, the tent comprising a tent rack and a plurality of support legs attached to an underside of the tent rack, the support legs each including a fixed leg tube, a movable leg tube movable up and down within the fixed leg tube, and a locking mechanism defining movement of the movable leg tube, wherein the locking mechanism includes a locking plate movably disposed on the fixed leg tube and movable forward and backward relative to the movable leg tube, and a locking member capable of locking the movable leg tube by linkage with the locking plate. 2. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 1, wherein a mounting seat is fixedly disposed at a lower port of the fixed leg tube, the mounting seat is provided with a stroke hole, and the stroke hole is connected to the locking plate through a shaft provided in the stroke hole; the locking plate moves in the stroke hole by rotation of the shaft, thereby realizing forward and backward movement of the locking plate relative to the movable leg tube. 3. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 1, wherein the locking member includes a locking end capable of being tightly cooperated with the movable leg tube and a connecting end connected to the locking plate, and the locking end is brought into abutting against and separated from the movable leg tube under the linkage of the locking plate to achieve locking and unlocking. 4. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 1, wherein a side of the locking plate adjacent to the movable leg tube is further provided with a limit block extending toward the movable leg tube, and the limit block abuts against the movable leg tube in a locked state. 5. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 2, wherein the locking member is disposed coaxially with the locking plate through the shaft. 6. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 2, wherein the mounting seat includes an upper mounting seat and a lower mounting seat that are fastened up and down. 7. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 2, wherein a side of the locking plate adjacent to the movable leg tube is provided with an abutment foot extending toward the movable leg tube, and the shaft is disposed in the abutment leg; in a locked state, the abutment foot abuts against the mounting seat or the fixed leg tube to displace the shaft to an end of the stroke hole away from the movable leg tube; in an unlocked state, the abutment foot is separated from the mounting seat or the fixed leg tube to displace the shaft to another end of the stroke hole adjacent to the movable leg tube. 8. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 3, wherein the locking member is a U-shaped member; an open end of the locking member is the connecting end, and one end of the locking member away from the open end is a locking end, the movable leg tube passes through the locking member; in a locked state, the locking end abuts against the movable leg tube; in an unlocked state, the locking end is separated from the movable leg tube. 9. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 7, wherein the abutment foot is provided with an arcuate guide surface. 10. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 2, wherein the locking member includes a locking end capable of being tightly cooperated with the movable leg tube and a connecting end connected to the locking plate, and the locking end is brought into abutting against and separated from the movable leg tube under the linkage of the locking plate to achieve locking and unlocking. 11. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 2, wherein a side of the locking plate adjacent to the movable leg tube is further provided with a limit block extending toward the movable leg tube, and the limit block abuts against the movable leg tube in a locked state. 12. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 5, wherein a side of the locking plate adjacent to the movable leg tube is provided with an abutment foot extending toward the movable leg tube, and the shaft is disposed in the abutment leg; in a locked state, the abutment foot abuts against the mounting seat or the fixed leg tube to displace the shaft to an end of the stroke hole (2033) away from the movable leg tube; in an unlocked state, the abutment foot is separated from the mounting seat or the fixed leg tube-to displace the shaft to another end of the stroke hole adjacent to the movable leg tube. | A tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube includes a tent rack and support legs attached to an underside of the tent rack. The support legs include a fixed leg tube, a movable leg tube movable up and down within the fixed leg tube, and a locking mechanism defining movement of the movable leg tube. The locking mechanism includes a locking plate movably disposed on the fixed leg tube and movable forward and backward relative to the movable leg tube, and a locking member capable of locking the movable leg tube by linkage with the locking plate. Through the coaxial connection between the locking plate and the locking member, the structure is simple, the connection reliability is high, and the operation is convenient, so that the locking and unlocking may be realized only by rotating the locking plate.1. A tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube, the tent comprising a tent rack and a plurality of support legs attached to an underside of the tent rack, the support legs each including a fixed leg tube, a movable leg tube movable up and down within the fixed leg tube, and a locking mechanism defining movement of the movable leg tube, wherein the locking mechanism includes a locking plate movably disposed on the fixed leg tube and movable forward and backward relative to the movable leg tube, and a locking member capable of locking the movable leg tube by linkage with the locking plate. 2. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 1, wherein a mounting seat is fixedly disposed at a lower port of the fixed leg tube, the mounting seat is provided with a stroke hole, and the stroke hole is connected to the locking plate through a shaft provided in the stroke hole; the locking plate moves in the stroke hole by rotation of the shaft, thereby realizing forward and backward movement of the locking plate relative to the movable leg tube. 3. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 1, wherein the locking member includes a locking end capable of being tightly cooperated with the movable leg tube and a connecting end connected to the locking plate, and the locking end is brought into abutting against and separated from the movable leg tube under the linkage of the locking plate to achieve locking and unlocking. 4. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 1, wherein a side of the locking plate adjacent to the movable leg tube is further provided with a limit block extending toward the movable leg tube, and the limit block abuts against the movable leg tube in a locked state. 5. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 2, wherein the locking member is disposed coaxially with the locking plate through the shaft. 6. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 2, wherein the mounting seat includes an upper mounting seat and a lower mounting seat that are fastened up and down. 7. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 2, wherein a side of the locking plate adjacent to the movable leg tube is provided with an abutment foot extending toward the movable leg tube, and the shaft is disposed in the abutment leg; in a locked state, the abutment foot abuts against the mounting seat or the fixed leg tube to displace the shaft to an end of the stroke hole away from the movable leg tube; in an unlocked state, the abutment foot is separated from the mounting seat or the fixed leg tube to displace the shaft to another end of the stroke hole adjacent to the movable leg tube. 8. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 3, wherein the locking member is a U-shaped member; an open end of the locking member is the connecting end, and one end of the locking member away from the open end is a locking end, the movable leg tube passes through the locking member; in a locked state, the locking end abuts against the movable leg tube; in an unlocked state, the locking end is separated from the movable leg tube. 9. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 7, wherein the abutment foot is provided with an arcuate guide surface. 10. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 2, wherein the locking member includes a locking end capable of being tightly cooperated with the movable leg tube and a connecting end connected to the locking plate, and the locking end is brought into abutting against and separated from the movable leg tube under the linkage of the locking plate to achieve locking and unlocking. 11. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 2, wherein a side of the locking plate adjacent to the movable leg tube is further provided with a limit block extending toward the movable leg tube, and the limit block abuts against the movable leg tube in a locked state. 12. The tent with convenient locking mechanism for telescopic leg tube according to claim 5, wherein a side of the locking plate adjacent to the movable leg tube is provided with an abutment foot extending toward the movable leg tube, and the shaft is disposed in the abutment leg; in a locked state, the abutment foot abuts against the mounting seat or the fixed leg tube to displace the shaft to an end of the stroke hole (2033) away from the movable leg tube; in an unlocked state, the abutment foot is separated from the mounting seat or the fixed leg tube-to displace the shaft to another end of the stroke hole adjacent to the movable leg tube. | 1,700 |
338,944 | 16,642,019 | 1,776 | An air purification piece and an air purification module comprising same. The air purification piece comprises a substrate piece and a purification coating, which is provided on the outer surface of the substrate piece; the substrate piece comprises a first support piece, a second support piece and a heating component, which is provided between the first support piece and the second support piece. | 1. An air-purifying piece, comprising:
a substrate sheet; and a purifying coating, disposed on an outer surface of the substrate sheet; wherein the substrate sheet comprises: a first support sheet; a second support sheet; and a heating component, disposed between the first support sheet and the second support sheet. 2. The air-purifying piece according to claim 1, wherein the substrate sheet further comprises:
a first heat sink, disposed at a side of the first support sheet away from the heating component; and a second heat sink, disposed at a side of the second support sheet away from the heating component. 3. The air-purifying piece according to claim 1, wherein the first support sheet and the second support sheet are each independently made of a metal or polyimide. 4. The air-purifying piece according to claim 1, wherein the first support sheet and the second support sheet each independently have a thickness of 0.5 to 2 mm. 5. The air-purifying piece according to claim 1, wherein the heating component is a heating wire or a heating sheet. 6. The air-purifying piece according to claim 5, wherein the heating component comprises at least one selected from a carbon fiber heating wire, a nickel-chromium heating wire and a mica heating sheet. 7. The air-purifying piece according to claim 5, wherein the heating wire is arranged in a serpentine shape. 8. The air-purifying piece according to claim 7, wherein a distance between two adjacent segments of the heating wire is in a range of 1 to 10 mm. 9. The air-purifying piece according to claim 1, wherein the purifying coating is made of at least one selected from an adsorbent material and a catalytic material. 10. The air-purifying piece according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the purifying coating is 0.5 to 2 mm. 11. The air-purifying piece according to claim 2, wherein the first heat sink and the second heat sink are graphene heat sinks. 12. The air-purifying piece according to claim 2, wherein the first heat sink and the second heat sink each independently have a thickness of 0.01 to 0.1 mm. 13. An air-purifying assembly, comprising an air-purifying piece, wherein the air-purifying piece comprises:
a substrate sheet; and a purifying coating, disposed on an outer surface of the substrate sheet; wherein the substrate sheet comprises: a first support sheet; a second support sheet; and a heating component, disposed between the first support sheet and the second support sheet. 14. The air-purifying assembly according to claim 13, comprising:
a support air duct, defining an air-purifying chamber having an air inlet and an air outlet; and a group of air-purifying pieces, disposed in the air-purifying chamber, and comprising at least one air-purifying piece. 15. The air-purifying assembly according to claim 14, wherein the air-purifying piece is disposed in parallel to a windward direction. 16. The purifying assembly according to claim 14 or 15, wherein a distance between two adjacent air-purifying pieces is 1 to 5 mm. 17. The air-purifying assembly according to claim 14, further comprising at least one selected from:
a volatile organic compound sensor, disposed near the air outlet; a temperature protecting device, disposed on the support air duct; and a power supply, connected to the heating component of the air-purifying piece, the volatile organic compound sensor and the temperature protecting device respectively. 18. The air-purifying piece according to claim 6, wherein the heating wire is arranged in a serpentine shape. 19. The purifying assembly according to claim 15, wherein a distance between two adjacent air-purifying pieces is 1 to 5 mm. | An air purification piece and an air purification module comprising same. The air purification piece comprises a substrate piece and a purification coating, which is provided on the outer surface of the substrate piece; the substrate piece comprises a first support piece, a second support piece and a heating component, which is provided between the first support piece and the second support piece.1. An air-purifying piece, comprising:
a substrate sheet; and a purifying coating, disposed on an outer surface of the substrate sheet; wherein the substrate sheet comprises: a first support sheet; a second support sheet; and a heating component, disposed between the first support sheet and the second support sheet. 2. The air-purifying piece according to claim 1, wherein the substrate sheet further comprises:
a first heat sink, disposed at a side of the first support sheet away from the heating component; and a second heat sink, disposed at a side of the second support sheet away from the heating component. 3. The air-purifying piece according to claim 1, wherein the first support sheet and the second support sheet are each independently made of a metal or polyimide. 4. The air-purifying piece according to claim 1, wherein the first support sheet and the second support sheet each independently have a thickness of 0.5 to 2 mm. 5. The air-purifying piece according to claim 1, wherein the heating component is a heating wire or a heating sheet. 6. The air-purifying piece according to claim 5, wherein the heating component comprises at least one selected from a carbon fiber heating wire, a nickel-chromium heating wire and a mica heating sheet. 7. The air-purifying piece according to claim 5, wherein the heating wire is arranged in a serpentine shape. 8. The air-purifying piece according to claim 7, wherein a distance between two adjacent segments of the heating wire is in a range of 1 to 10 mm. 9. The air-purifying piece according to claim 1, wherein the purifying coating is made of at least one selected from an adsorbent material and a catalytic material. 10. The air-purifying piece according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the purifying coating is 0.5 to 2 mm. 11. The air-purifying piece according to claim 2, wherein the first heat sink and the second heat sink are graphene heat sinks. 12. The air-purifying piece according to claim 2, wherein the first heat sink and the second heat sink each independently have a thickness of 0.01 to 0.1 mm. 13. An air-purifying assembly, comprising an air-purifying piece, wherein the air-purifying piece comprises:
a substrate sheet; and a purifying coating, disposed on an outer surface of the substrate sheet; wherein the substrate sheet comprises: a first support sheet; a second support sheet; and a heating component, disposed between the first support sheet and the second support sheet. 14. The air-purifying assembly according to claim 13, comprising:
a support air duct, defining an air-purifying chamber having an air inlet and an air outlet; and a group of air-purifying pieces, disposed in the air-purifying chamber, and comprising at least one air-purifying piece. 15. The air-purifying assembly according to claim 14, wherein the air-purifying piece is disposed in parallel to a windward direction. 16. The purifying assembly according to claim 14 or 15, wherein a distance between two adjacent air-purifying pieces is 1 to 5 mm. 17. The air-purifying assembly according to claim 14, further comprising at least one selected from:
a volatile organic compound sensor, disposed near the air outlet; a temperature protecting device, disposed on the support air duct; and a power supply, connected to the heating component of the air-purifying piece, the volatile organic compound sensor and the temperature protecting device respectively. 18. The air-purifying piece according to claim 6, wherein the heating wire is arranged in a serpentine shape. 19. The purifying assembly according to claim 15, wherein a distance between two adjacent air-purifying pieces is 1 to 5 mm. | 1,700 |
338,945 | 16,641,991 | 1,776 | Described herein is a microneedle treatment system to reduce fat deposits directly under or in close proximity to skin, and to deliver energy or non-energy treatments to thicken and tighten dermis to treat skin laxity, wrinkles, improve skin scars, and other skin problems. The system can include a disposable patch with a microneedle array, and an overlying mask. The patch can be directly connected to a power source or an overlying mask can be configured to be placed directly over the disposable patch. The overlying mask can include a drive circuitry configured to deliver energy into the microneedle array, a sensor configured for localized sensing, and a telemetry uplink to smart phone, a computer or a computer network. Also described is a method to reduce fat deposits in close proximity to skin, and to deliver energy or non-energy treatments to thicken and tighten dermis using a microneedle array. | 1. A microneedle treatment system, comprising:
a microneedle array attached to a patch, the microneedle array comprising a plurality of fixed-length microneedles, the microneedles comprising an insulated shaft and an uninsulated tip; and a power supply configured to heat the plurality of microneedles using less than about 2.5 W of power. 2. The system claim 1, wherein the power supply is configured to heat the plurality of microneedles using about 100 mW to about 1000 mW of power. 3. A microneedle treatment system, comprising:
a microneedle array attached to a patch, the microneedle array comprising a plurality of fixed-length microneedles, the microneedles comprising an insulated shaft and an uninsulated tip; and a power supply configured to heat the plurality of microneedles using about 50 mW of power or less per microneedle. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the power supply is configured to heat the plurality of microneedles using about 1 mW to about 50 mW of power per microneedle. 5. A microneedle treatment system, comprising:
a patch comprising a dome-shape body comprising a top and a base, and a microneedle array comprising a plurality of microneedles housed within a cavity within the dome-shaped body and attached to an inner surface of the dome-shaped body, wherein the form of the body can be changed into a substantially flat configuration that results in at least a portion of the microneedles to be repositioned from within the cavity to below the base; and a power supply configured to heat the plurality of microneedles. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the microneedles are fixed-length microneedles. 7. The system of claim 5 or 6, wherein the microneedles comprising an insulated shaft and an uninsulated tip. 8. The system of any one of claims 5-7, wherein the power supply is configured to heat the plurality of microneedles using less than about 2.5 W of power. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the power supply is configured to heat the plurality of microneedles using about 100 mW to about 1000 mW of power. 10. The system of any one of claims 5-9, wherein the power supply is configured to heat the plurality of microneedles using about 50 mW of power or less per microneedle. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the power supply is configured to heat the plurality of microneedles using about 1 mW to about 50 mW of power per microneedle. 12. The system of any one of claims 5-11, wherein the base comprises a lip. 13. The system of any one of claims 5-12, wherein the base or the inner surface comprises an adhesive. 14. The system of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the microneedles are about 2 mm to about 8 mm in length. 15. The system of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the microneedles are about 3 to about 4 mm in length. 16. The system of any one of claims 1-15, wherein the uninsulated tip is about 0.5 mm to about 1.0 mm in length. 17. The system of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the shaft of the microneedles is about 50 μm to about 500 μm in diameter. 18. The system of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the plurality of microneedles comprises about 3 microneedles to about 100 microneedles. 19. The system of any one of claims 1-18, wherein the power supply is configured to heat the tips of the microneedles from about 33° C. to about 60° C. 20. The system of any one of claims 1-19, wherein the plurality of microneedles is heated using a direct current energy. 21. The system of any one of claims 1-19, wherein the plurality of microneedles is heated using a radiofrequency energy. 22. The system of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the system is a hands-free system. 23. The system of any one of claims 1-4 and 14-22, wherein the patch comprises an adhesive. 24. The system of any one of claims 1-4 and 14-23, wherein the patch is crescent-shaped, semi-circular, triangular, square, or rectangular. 25. The system of any one of claims 1-24, wherein the power supply comprises a battery. 26. The system of any one of claims 1-25, wherein the power supply is connected to the microneedle array through a wire. 27. The system of any one of claims 1-26, wherein the power supply is wirelessly connected to the microneedle array. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the patch comprises a first antenna electrically connected to the microneedle array, wherein the power supply comprises a second antenna, and wherein the power supply powers the microneedle array through inductive power transfer. 29. The system of any one of claims 1-28, comprising a mask comprising the power supply, wherein the mask is configured to be placed over the patch. 30. The system of claim 29, wherein the mask is configured to be placed over, around, or below an eye of a human subject, and over the patch. 31. The system of any one of claims 1-30, wherein the patch or the mask comprises a temperature configured to suspend heating of the microneedles if the temperature goes above a predetermined threshold. 32. The system of any one of claims 1-31, further comprising a telemetry uplink antenna configured to communicate with a computer system or a network. 33. The system of claim 32, wherein the system is operated using the computer system. 34. A method of reducing a subcutaneous fat deposit in a subject, comprising:
inserting a plurality of microneedles into the subject, wherein the tips of the microneedles are positioned within the subcutaneous fat deposit or on the surface of the subcutaneous fat deposit; and heating the tips of the microneedles using less than about 2.5 W of power, thereby melting fat within the subcutaneous fat deposit. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein heating the tips of the microneedles comprises applying about 100 mW to about 1000 mW of power to the microneedles. 36. A method of reducing a subcutaneous fat deposit in a subject, comprising:
inserting a plurality of microneedles into the subject, wherein the tips of the microneedles are positioned within the subcutaneous fat deposit or on the surface of the subcutaneous fat deposit; and heating the tips of the microneedles using about 50 mW of power or less per microneedle, thereby melting fat within the subcutaneous fat deposit. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein heating the tips of the microneedles comprises applying about 1 mW to about 50 mW of power per microneedle. 38. A method of reducing a facial fat deposit in a subject, comprising:
inserting a plurality of microneedles into the subject, wherein the tips of the microneedles are positioned within the facial fat deposit or on the surface of the facial fat deposit; and heating the tips of the microneedles, thereby melting fat within the facial fat deposit. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the facial fat deposit is a periorbital postseptal fat deposit, a periorbital preseptal fat deposit, or a jowl fat deposit. 40. A method of reducing a subcutaneous fat deposit in a subject, comprising:
positioning a dome-shaped patch comprising a plurality of microneedles on a target skin area above the subcutaneous fat deposit; reconfiguring the dome-shaped patch into a substantially flat configuration, thereby inserting the tips of the microneedles into the into the subcutaneous fat deposit; and heating the tips of the microneedles, thereby melting fat within the subcutaneous fat deposit. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein reconfiguring the dome-shaped patch comprises applying pressure to the top of the dome-shaped patch. 42. The method of claim 40 or 41, wherein the target skin area is stretched upon reconfiguring the dome-shaped patch into the substantially flat configuration. 43. The method of any one of claims 38-42, wherein heating the tips of the microneedles comprises applying less than about 2.5 W of power to the microneedles. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein heating the tips of the microneedles comprises applying about 100 mW to about 500 mW of power to the microneedles. 45. The method of any one of claims 38-44, wherein heating the tips of the microneedles comprises applying about 50 mW of power or less per microneedle. 46. The method of any one of claims 38-45, wherein heating the tips of the microneedles comprises applying about 1 mW to about 50 mW of power per microneedle. 47. The method of any one of claims 34-46, wherein the tips of the microneedles are heated for about 1 minute to about 20 minutes. 48. The method of any one of claims 34-47, wherein heating the tips of the microneedles comprises applying a direct current energy to the microneedles. 49. The method of any one of claims 34-47, wherein heating the tips of the microneedles comprises applying a radiofrequency energy to the microneedles. 50. The system of any one of claims 34-49, wherein the plurality of microneedles comprises about 3 microneedles to about 100 microneedles. 51. The method of any one of claims 34-50, wherein the tips of the microneedles are heated to about 33° C. to about 60° C. 52. The method of any one of claims 34-51, wherein the microneedles comprise an insulated shaft, and wherein the tips of the microneedles are uninsulated. 53. The method of any one of claims 34-52, comprising attaching a patch comprising the plurality of microneedles to skin above the fat deposit. 54. The method of claim 53, comprising placing a mask over the patch. 55. The method of claim 54, comprising wirelessly transferring energy from the mask to the patch, wherein the transferred energy heats the tips of the microneedles. 56. The method of any one of claims 34-55, comprising controlling the heating of the tips of the microneedles using a computer system. 57. A method of reducing a subcutaneous fat deposit in a subject, comprising:
inserting the plurality of microneedles of the system of any one of claims 1-33 into the subject, wherein the tips of the microneedles are positioned within the subcutaneous fat deposit or on a surface of the subcutaneous fat deposit; and heating the tips of the microneedles, thereby melting fat within the subcutaneous fat deposit. 58. The method of claim 57, wherein the subcutaneous fat deposit is a subcutaneous facial fat deposit. 59. The method of claim 57 or 58, wherein the subcutaneous fat deposit is a periorbital postseptal fat deposit or a periorbital preseptal fat deposit. 60. An apparatus for monitoring melting of a test substrate, comprising:
a first surface and a second surface, the first surface comprising a transparent region, wherein the first surface and the second surface are parallel; a middle layer connecting the first surface to the second surface, the middle layer comprising a well containing the test substrate, wherein the test substrate is visible through the transparent region of the first surface, and wherein the well is configured to receive tips of the plurality of microneedles. 61. The apparatus of claim 60, wherein the first surface or the second surface comprises glass or thermally-resistant material. 62. The apparatus of claim 60 or 61, wherein the middle layer comprises a polymeric foam or rubber. 63. The apparatus of any one of claims 60-62, further comprising a device comprising a plurality of microneedles that are inserted in the test substrate or positioned on the surface of the test substrate. 64. The apparatus of claim 63, wherein the microneedles are configured to be heated using a power source. 65. The apparatus of any one of claims 60-64, wherein the transparent region comprises one or more graduated markers for quantitative analysis. 66. The apparatus of any one of claims 60-65, wherein the test substrate is a solid fat. 67. A method of monitoring melting of a test substrate, comprising:
applying energy to a plurality of microneedles inserted into the test substrate using the apparatus of any one of claims 60-66; and monitoring melting of the test substrate. 68. The method of claim 67, wherein monitoring melting of the test substrate comprises qualitatively determining the degree of melting of the test substrate. 69. The method of claim 67, wherein monitoring melting of the test substrate comprises quantitatively determining the degree of melting of the test substrate. 70. The method of any one of claims 67-69, comprising monitoring the melting of the solid fat at a plurality of different power levels. 71. The method of any one of claims 67-70, comprising monitoring the melting of the solid fat at a plurality of different time points. | Described herein is a microneedle treatment system to reduce fat deposits directly under or in close proximity to skin, and to deliver energy or non-energy treatments to thicken and tighten dermis to treat skin laxity, wrinkles, improve skin scars, and other skin problems. The system can include a disposable patch with a microneedle array, and an overlying mask. The patch can be directly connected to a power source or an overlying mask can be configured to be placed directly over the disposable patch. The overlying mask can include a drive circuitry configured to deliver energy into the microneedle array, a sensor configured for localized sensing, and a telemetry uplink to smart phone, a computer or a computer network. Also described is a method to reduce fat deposits in close proximity to skin, and to deliver energy or non-energy treatments to thicken and tighten dermis using a microneedle array.1. A microneedle treatment system, comprising:
a microneedle array attached to a patch, the microneedle array comprising a plurality of fixed-length microneedles, the microneedles comprising an insulated shaft and an uninsulated tip; and a power supply configured to heat the plurality of microneedles using less than about 2.5 W of power. 2. The system claim 1, wherein the power supply is configured to heat the plurality of microneedles using about 100 mW to about 1000 mW of power. 3. A microneedle treatment system, comprising:
a microneedle array attached to a patch, the microneedle array comprising a plurality of fixed-length microneedles, the microneedles comprising an insulated shaft and an uninsulated tip; and a power supply configured to heat the plurality of microneedles using about 50 mW of power or less per microneedle. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the power supply is configured to heat the plurality of microneedles using about 1 mW to about 50 mW of power per microneedle. 5. A microneedle treatment system, comprising:
a patch comprising a dome-shape body comprising a top and a base, and a microneedle array comprising a plurality of microneedles housed within a cavity within the dome-shaped body and attached to an inner surface of the dome-shaped body, wherein the form of the body can be changed into a substantially flat configuration that results in at least a portion of the microneedles to be repositioned from within the cavity to below the base; and a power supply configured to heat the plurality of microneedles. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the microneedles are fixed-length microneedles. 7. The system of claim 5 or 6, wherein the microneedles comprising an insulated shaft and an uninsulated tip. 8. The system of any one of claims 5-7, wherein the power supply is configured to heat the plurality of microneedles using less than about 2.5 W of power. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the power supply is configured to heat the plurality of microneedles using about 100 mW to about 1000 mW of power. 10. The system of any one of claims 5-9, wherein the power supply is configured to heat the plurality of microneedles using about 50 mW of power or less per microneedle. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the power supply is configured to heat the plurality of microneedles using about 1 mW to about 50 mW of power per microneedle. 12. The system of any one of claims 5-11, wherein the base comprises a lip. 13. The system of any one of claims 5-12, wherein the base or the inner surface comprises an adhesive. 14. The system of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the microneedles are about 2 mm to about 8 mm in length. 15. The system of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the microneedles are about 3 to about 4 mm in length. 16. The system of any one of claims 1-15, wherein the uninsulated tip is about 0.5 mm to about 1.0 mm in length. 17. The system of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the shaft of the microneedles is about 50 μm to about 500 μm in diameter. 18. The system of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the plurality of microneedles comprises about 3 microneedles to about 100 microneedles. 19. The system of any one of claims 1-18, wherein the power supply is configured to heat the tips of the microneedles from about 33° C. to about 60° C. 20. The system of any one of claims 1-19, wherein the plurality of microneedles is heated using a direct current energy. 21. The system of any one of claims 1-19, wherein the plurality of microneedles is heated using a radiofrequency energy. 22. The system of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the system is a hands-free system. 23. The system of any one of claims 1-4 and 14-22, wherein the patch comprises an adhesive. 24. The system of any one of claims 1-4 and 14-23, wherein the patch is crescent-shaped, semi-circular, triangular, square, or rectangular. 25. The system of any one of claims 1-24, wherein the power supply comprises a battery. 26. The system of any one of claims 1-25, wherein the power supply is connected to the microneedle array through a wire. 27. The system of any one of claims 1-26, wherein the power supply is wirelessly connected to the microneedle array. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the patch comprises a first antenna electrically connected to the microneedle array, wherein the power supply comprises a second antenna, and wherein the power supply powers the microneedle array through inductive power transfer. 29. The system of any one of claims 1-28, comprising a mask comprising the power supply, wherein the mask is configured to be placed over the patch. 30. The system of claim 29, wherein the mask is configured to be placed over, around, or below an eye of a human subject, and over the patch. 31. The system of any one of claims 1-30, wherein the patch or the mask comprises a temperature configured to suspend heating of the microneedles if the temperature goes above a predetermined threshold. 32. The system of any one of claims 1-31, further comprising a telemetry uplink antenna configured to communicate with a computer system or a network. 33. The system of claim 32, wherein the system is operated using the computer system. 34. A method of reducing a subcutaneous fat deposit in a subject, comprising:
inserting a plurality of microneedles into the subject, wherein the tips of the microneedles are positioned within the subcutaneous fat deposit or on the surface of the subcutaneous fat deposit; and heating the tips of the microneedles using less than about 2.5 W of power, thereby melting fat within the subcutaneous fat deposit. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein heating the tips of the microneedles comprises applying about 100 mW to about 1000 mW of power to the microneedles. 36. A method of reducing a subcutaneous fat deposit in a subject, comprising:
inserting a plurality of microneedles into the subject, wherein the tips of the microneedles are positioned within the subcutaneous fat deposit or on the surface of the subcutaneous fat deposit; and heating the tips of the microneedles using about 50 mW of power or less per microneedle, thereby melting fat within the subcutaneous fat deposit. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein heating the tips of the microneedles comprises applying about 1 mW to about 50 mW of power per microneedle. 38. A method of reducing a facial fat deposit in a subject, comprising:
inserting a plurality of microneedles into the subject, wherein the tips of the microneedles are positioned within the facial fat deposit or on the surface of the facial fat deposit; and heating the tips of the microneedles, thereby melting fat within the facial fat deposit. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the facial fat deposit is a periorbital postseptal fat deposit, a periorbital preseptal fat deposit, or a jowl fat deposit. 40. A method of reducing a subcutaneous fat deposit in a subject, comprising:
positioning a dome-shaped patch comprising a plurality of microneedles on a target skin area above the subcutaneous fat deposit; reconfiguring the dome-shaped patch into a substantially flat configuration, thereby inserting the tips of the microneedles into the into the subcutaneous fat deposit; and heating the tips of the microneedles, thereby melting fat within the subcutaneous fat deposit. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein reconfiguring the dome-shaped patch comprises applying pressure to the top of the dome-shaped patch. 42. The method of claim 40 or 41, wherein the target skin area is stretched upon reconfiguring the dome-shaped patch into the substantially flat configuration. 43. The method of any one of claims 38-42, wherein heating the tips of the microneedles comprises applying less than about 2.5 W of power to the microneedles. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein heating the tips of the microneedles comprises applying about 100 mW to about 500 mW of power to the microneedles. 45. The method of any one of claims 38-44, wherein heating the tips of the microneedles comprises applying about 50 mW of power or less per microneedle. 46. The method of any one of claims 38-45, wherein heating the tips of the microneedles comprises applying about 1 mW to about 50 mW of power per microneedle. 47. The method of any one of claims 34-46, wherein the tips of the microneedles are heated for about 1 minute to about 20 minutes. 48. The method of any one of claims 34-47, wherein heating the tips of the microneedles comprises applying a direct current energy to the microneedles. 49. The method of any one of claims 34-47, wherein heating the tips of the microneedles comprises applying a radiofrequency energy to the microneedles. 50. The system of any one of claims 34-49, wherein the plurality of microneedles comprises about 3 microneedles to about 100 microneedles. 51. The method of any one of claims 34-50, wherein the tips of the microneedles are heated to about 33° C. to about 60° C. 52. The method of any one of claims 34-51, wherein the microneedles comprise an insulated shaft, and wherein the tips of the microneedles are uninsulated. 53. The method of any one of claims 34-52, comprising attaching a patch comprising the plurality of microneedles to skin above the fat deposit. 54. The method of claim 53, comprising placing a mask over the patch. 55. The method of claim 54, comprising wirelessly transferring energy from the mask to the patch, wherein the transferred energy heats the tips of the microneedles. 56. The method of any one of claims 34-55, comprising controlling the heating of the tips of the microneedles using a computer system. 57. A method of reducing a subcutaneous fat deposit in a subject, comprising:
inserting the plurality of microneedles of the system of any one of claims 1-33 into the subject, wherein the tips of the microneedles are positioned within the subcutaneous fat deposit or on a surface of the subcutaneous fat deposit; and heating the tips of the microneedles, thereby melting fat within the subcutaneous fat deposit. 58. The method of claim 57, wherein the subcutaneous fat deposit is a subcutaneous facial fat deposit. 59. The method of claim 57 or 58, wherein the subcutaneous fat deposit is a periorbital postseptal fat deposit or a periorbital preseptal fat deposit. 60. An apparatus for monitoring melting of a test substrate, comprising:
a first surface and a second surface, the first surface comprising a transparent region, wherein the first surface and the second surface are parallel; a middle layer connecting the first surface to the second surface, the middle layer comprising a well containing the test substrate, wherein the test substrate is visible through the transparent region of the first surface, and wherein the well is configured to receive tips of the plurality of microneedles. 61. The apparatus of claim 60, wherein the first surface or the second surface comprises glass or thermally-resistant material. 62. The apparatus of claim 60 or 61, wherein the middle layer comprises a polymeric foam or rubber. 63. The apparatus of any one of claims 60-62, further comprising a device comprising a plurality of microneedles that are inserted in the test substrate or positioned on the surface of the test substrate. 64. The apparatus of claim 63, wherein the microneedles are configured to be heated using a power source. 65. The apparatus of any one of claims 60-64, wherein the transparent region comprises one or more graduated markers for quantitative analysis. 66. The apparatus of any one of claims 60-65, wherein the test substrate is a solid fat. 67. A method of monitoring melting of a test substrate, comprising:
applying energy to a plurality of microneedles inserted into the test substrate using the apparatus of any one of claims 60-66; and monitoring melting of the test substrate. 68. The method of claim 67, wherein monitoring melting of the test substrate comprises qualitatively determining the degree of melting of the test substrate. 69. The method of claim 67, wherein monitoring melting of the test substrate comprises quantitatively determining the degree of melting of the test substrate. 70. The method of any one of claims 67-69, comprising monitoring the melting of the solid fat at a plurality of different power levels. 71. The method of any one of claims 67-70, comprising monitoring the melting of the solid fat at a plurality of different time points. | 1,700 |
338,946 | 16,799,828 | 3,711 | A table game construction and method of play in which a spinning game piece follows along a curved trajectory, which may be further directed after release, and which interacts with other game pieces through collisions. The game components include a game board, one or more propelled spinning game pieces, and an optional striking object. | 1. A method of playing a table game comprising:
providing a table game that includes
a game board, wherein the game board contains at least one target location,
a plurality of game pieces;
spinning a game piece on its edge such that it traces a curved path on the game board and comes to rest on the game board; scoring points for bringing the game piece to rest near the target location. 2. A method of playing a table game according to claim 1 wherein the game piece may be further directed after release. 3. A method of playing a table game according to claim 2 in which the game piece may interact with other game pieces through collisions. 4. A method of playing a table game according to claim 2 in which one team member spins the game piece, and a different team member further directs the game piece after release. 5. A method of playing a table game according to claim 1 in which the game board is flexible. 6. A method of playing a table game according to claim 1 in which the game pieces are disk shaped. 7. A method of playing a table game according to claim 6 in which the game pieces contain additional features chosen from dots, rings, lips, angled edges, round edges, filleted edges, chamfered edges. 8. A method of playing a table game according to claim 1 in, which the game pieces are ring shaped. 9. A method of playing a table game according to claim 6 in which the table game additionally includes a carrying case. 10. A method of playing a table game according to claim 9 in which the carrying case comprises a tube and end caps. 11. A method of playing a table game according to claim 10 in which the end caps may be used to strike the game pieces. | A table game construction and method of play in which a spinning game piece follows along a curved trajectory, which may be further directed after release, and which interacts with other game pieces through collisions. The game components include a game board, one or more propelled spinning game pieces, and an optional striking object.1. A method of playing a table game comprising:
providing a table game that includes
a game board, wherein the game board contains at least one target location,
a plurality of game pieces;
spinning a game piece on its edge such that it traces a curved path on the game board and comes to rest on the game board; scoring points for bringing the game piece to rest near the target location. 2. A method of playing a table game according to claim 1 wherein the game piece may be further directed after release. 3. A method of playing a table game according to claim 2 in which the game piece may interact with other game pieces through collisions. 4. A method of playing a table game according to claim 2 in which one team member spins the game piece, and a different team member further directs the game piece after release. 5. A method of playing a table game according to claim 1 in which the game board is flexible. 6. A method of playing a table game according to claim 1 in which the game pieces are disk shaped. 7. A method of playing a table game according to claim 6 in which the game pieces contain additional features chosen from dots, rings, lips, angled edges, round edges, filleted edges, chamfered edges. 8. A method of playing a table game according to claim 1 in, which the game pieces are ring shaped. 9. A method of playing a table game according to claim 6 in which the table game additionally includes a carrying case. 10. A method of playing a table game according to claim 9 in which the carrying case comprises a tube and end caps. 11. A method of playing a table game according to claim 10 in which the end caps may be used to strike the game pieces. | 3,700 |
338,947 | 16,641,994 | 3,711 | Methods of using biomarkers in determining the efficacy of a treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject are disclosed herein. Methods of using biomarkers in determining the efficacy of a liver-directed treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject are likewise disclosed herein. | 1. A method for determining the efficacy of a treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject, the method comprising:
detecting the level of a biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject prior to the treatment; and detecting the level of the biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject after the treatment; wherein a decrease in the level of the biomarker or biomarkers after the treatment compared to the level of the biomarker or biomarkers prior to the treatment indicates efficacy of the treatment. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is selected from the group consisting of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), Gadd45b, Gstm3, Pdk4, Rragd, Slc7A11, Asns, Abcc4, Fasn, Hsd3b2 gene expression products and combinations thereof. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the biomarker is selected from the group consisting of FGF21gene expression product, GDF15 gene expression product and combinations thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker or biomarkers comprises both a FGF21 gene expression product and a GDF15 gene expression product. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is a protein. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is detected at the nucleic acid level. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological sample is a serum. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological sample is a plasma sample. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is a liver-directed treatment. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment comprises administering a liver-directed gene transfer vector to the subject. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is selected from the group consisting of gene therapy, mRNA therapy, cell therapy, small molecule, enzyme specific chaperonins, engineered microbes/microbiome, enzyme replacement therapy, and genome editing therapies. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is selected from the group consisting of all forms of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), all forms of propionic acidemia (PA), isovaleric acidemia, glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1), beta-ketothiolase deficiency (BKT), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency (3-MCC), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency (HMG), 3-Methylglutaconic acidemia or 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA Hydratase Deficiency (MGA), D-2 Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria (D2-HGA), Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency 3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria (ICBD), L-2-Hydroxy-glutaricaciduria (L2HGA), Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase Deficiency aka Malonic Acidemia (MA), Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD, holocarboxylase synthetase), and 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA Hydrolase Deficiency (HIBCH). 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is methylmalonic acidemia or propionic acidemia. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is a disorder of propionate metabolism or a cobalamin metabolic and transport disorder causing MUT deficiency. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the disorder of propionate metabolism is caused by isolated methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) deficiency, MMAA, MMAB, MMADHC, or cblA, cblB, cblD variant 2 classes of MMA. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the cobalamin metabolic and transport disorders is selected from the group consisting of MMACHC, MMADHC, LMBRD1, ABCD4, TC2, CD320, AMN, cblC, cblD, cblF, cblJ, TC2, TCBLR and Imerslund-Graesbeck forms of combined MMAemia-hyperhomocysteinemia. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is liver transplantation or combined liver and kidney transplantation. 18. A method of treating a subject for an organic acidemia, the method comprising:
detecting the level of a biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject prior to treatment, wherein the biomarker is a fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) gene expression product or a growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) gene expression product, or both; administering a treatment to the subject to improve compromised hepatic enzyme activity associated with the organic acidemia; detecting the level of the biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject after the treatment; and discontinuing, altering, or continuing the treatment based on the level after treatment compared to the level before treatment. 19. (canceled) 20. A method for improving hepatic enzyme activity in a subject having an organic acidemia, the method comprising:
detecting the level of a biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject prior to treatment, wherein the biomarker or biomarkers is a fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) gene expression product or a growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) gene expression product, or both; administering a treatment to the subject to improve compromised hepatic enzyme activity associated with the organic acidemia; detecting the level of the biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject after the treatment; and discontinuing, altering, or continuing the treatment based on the level after treatment compared to the level before treatment. 21. The method of claim 20, where in the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, propionyl CoA carboxylase, isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, Glutaryl CoA Dehydrogenase, beta-ketothiolase, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA Hydratase, Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase, Multiple carboxylase, and 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA Hydrolase. 22-27. (canceled) | Methods of using biomarkers in determining the efficacy of a treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject are disclosed herein. Methods of using biomarkers in determining the efficacy of a liver-directed treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject are likewise disclosed herein.1. A method for determining the efficacy of a treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject, the method comprising:
detecting the level of a biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject prior to the treatment; and detecting the level of the biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject after the treatment; wherein a decrease in the level of the biomarker or biomarkers after the treatment compared to the level of the biomarker or biomarkers prior to the treatment indicates efficacy of the treatment. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is selected from the group consisting of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), Gadd45b, Gstm3, Pdk4, Rragd, Slc7A11, Asns, Abcc4, Fasn, Hsd3b2 gene expression products and combinations thereof. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the biomarker is selected from the group consisting of FGF21gene expression product, GDF15 gene expression product and combinations thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker or biomarkers comprises both a FGF21 gene expression product and a GDF15 gene expression product. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is a protein. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is detected at the nucleic acid level. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological sample is a serum. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological sample is a plasma sample. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is a liver-directed treatment. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment comprises administering a liver-directed gene transfer vector to the subject. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is selected from the group consisting of gene therapy, mRNA therapy, cell therapy, small molecule, enzyme specific chaperonins, engineered microbes/microbiome, enzyme replacement therapy, and genome editing therapies. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is selected from the group consisting of all forms of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), all forms of propionic acidemia (PA), isovaleric acidemia, glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1), beta-ketothiolase deficiency (BKT), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency (3-MCC), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency (HMG), 3-Methylglutaconic acidemia or 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA Hydratase Deficiency (MGA), D-2 Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria (D2-HGA), Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency 3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria (ICBD), L-2-Hydroxy-glutaricaciduria (L2HGA), Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase Deficiency aka Malonic Acidemia (MA), Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD, holocarboxylase synthetase), and 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA Hydrolase Deficiency (HIBCH). 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is methylmalonic acidemia or propionic acidemia. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is a disorder of propionate metabolism or a cobalamin metabolic and transport disorder causing MUT deficiency. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the disorder of propionate metabolism is caused by isolated methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) deficiency, MMAA, MMAB, MMADHC, or cblA, cblB, cblD variant 2 classes of MMA. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the cobalamin metabolic and transport disorders is selected from the group consisting of MMACHC, MMADHC, LMBRD1, ABCD4, TC2, CD320, AMN, cblC, cblD, cblF, cblJ, TC2, TCBLR and Imerslund-Graesbeck forms of combined MMAemia-hyperhomocysteinemia. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is liver transplantation or combined liver and kidney transplantation. 18. A method of treating a subject for an organic acidemia, the method comprising:
detecting the level of a biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject prior to treatment, wherein the biomarker is a fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) gene expression product or a growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) gene expression product, or both; administering a treatment to the subject to improve compromised hepatic enzyme activity associated with the organic acidemia; detecting the level of the biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject after the treatment; and discontinuing, altering, or continuing the treatment based on the level after treatment compared to the level before treatment. 19. (canceled) 20. A method for improving hepatic enzyme activity in a subject having an organic acidemia, the method comprising:
detecting the level of a biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject prior to treatment, wherein the biomarker or biomarkers is a fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) gene expression product or a growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) gene expression product, or both; administering a treatment to the subject to improve compromised hepatic enzyme activity associated with the organic acidemia; detecting the level of the biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject after the treatment; and discontinuing, altering, or continuing the treatment based on the level after treatment compared to the level before treatment. 21. The method of claim 20, where in the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, propionyl CoA carboxylase, isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, Glutaryl CoA Dehydrogenase, beta-ketothiolase, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA Hydratase, Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase, Multiple carboxylase, and 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA Hydrolase. 22-27. (canceled) | 3,700 |
338,948 | 16,799,834 | 2,661 | Methods of using biomarkers in determining the efficacy of a treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject are disclosed herein. Methods of using biomarkers in determining the efficacy of a liver-directed treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject are likewise disclosed herein. | 1. A method for determining the efficacy of a treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject, the method comprising:
detecting the level of a biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject prior to the treatment; and detecting the level of the biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject after the treatment; wherein a decrease in the level of the biomarker or biomarkers after the treatment compared to the level of the biomarker or biomarkers prior to the treatment indicates efficacy of the treatment. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is selected from the group consisting of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), Gadd45b, Gstm3, Pdk4, Rragd, Slc7A11, Asns, Abcc4, Fasn, Hsd3b2 gene expression products and combinations thereof. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the biomarker is selected from the group consisting of FGF21gene expression product, GDF15 gene expression product and combinations thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker or biomarkers comprises both a FGF21 gene expression product and a GDF15 gene expression product. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is a protein. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is detected at the nucleic acid level. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological sample is a serum. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological sample is a plasma sample. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is a liver-directed treatment. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment comprises administering a liver-directed gene transfer vector to the subject. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is selected from the group consisting of gene therapy, mRNA therapy, cell therapy, small molecule, enzyme specific chaperonins, engineered microbes/microbiome, enzyme replacement therapy, and genome editing therapies. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is selected from the group consisting of all forms of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), all forms of propionic acidemia (PA), isovaleric acidemia, glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1), beta-ketothiolase deficiency (BKT), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency (3-MCC), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency (HMG), 3-Methylglutaconic acidemia or 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA Hydratase Deficiency (MGA), D-2 Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria (D2-HGA), Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency 3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria (ICBD), L-2-Hydroxy-glutaricaciduria (L2HGA), Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase Deficiency aka Malonic Acidemia (MA), Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD, holocarboxylase synthetase), and 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA Hydrolase Deficiency (HIBCH). 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is methylmalonic acidemia or propionic acidemia. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is a disorder of propionate metabolism or a cobalamin metabolic and transport disorder causing MUT deficiency. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the disorder of propionate metabolism is caused by isolated methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) deficiency, MMAA, MMAB, MMADHC, or cblA, cblB, cblD variant 2 classes of MMA. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the cobalamin metabolic and transport disorders is selected from the group consisting of MMACHC, MMADHC, LMBRD1, ABCD4, TC2, CD320, AMN, cblC, cblD, cblF, cblJ, TC2, TCBLR and Imerslund-Graesbeck forms of combined MMAemia-hyperhomocysteinemia. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is liver transplantation or combined liver and kidney transplantation. 18. A method of treating a subject for an organic acidemia, the method comprising:
detecting the level of a biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject prior to treatment, wherein the biomarker is a fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) gene expression product or a growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) gene expression product, or both; administering a treatment to the subject to improve compromised hepatic enzyme activity associated with the organic acidemia; detecting the level of the biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject after the treatment; and discontinuing, altering, or continuing the treatment based on the level after treatment compared to the level before treatment. 19. (canceled) 20. A method for improving hepatic enzyme activity in a subject having an organic acidemia, the method comprising:
detecting the level of a biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject prior to treatment, wherein the biomarker or biomarkers is a fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) gene expression product or a growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) gene expression product, or both; administering a treatment to the subject to improve compromised hepatic enzyme activity associated with the organic acidemia; detecting the level of the biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject after the treatment; and discontinuing, altering, or continuing the treatment based on the level after treatment compared to the level before treatment. 21. The method of claim 20, where in the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, propionyl CoA carboxylase, isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, Glutaryl CoA Dehydrogenase, beta-ketothiolase, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA Hydratase, Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase, Multiple carboxylase, and 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA Hydrolase. 22-27. (canceled) | Methods of using biomarkers in determining the efficacy of a treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject are disclosed herein. Methods of using biomarkers in determining the efficacy of a liver-directed treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject are likewise disclosed herein.1. A method for determining the efficacy of a treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject, the method comprising:
detecting the level of a biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject prior to the treatment; and detecting the level of the biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject after the treatment; wherein a decrease in the level of the biomarker or biomarkers after the treatment compared to the level of the biomarker or biomarkers prior to the treatment indicates efficacy of the treatment. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is selected from the group consisting of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), Gadd45b, Gstm3, Pdk4, Rragd, Slc7A11, Asns, Abcc4, Fasn, Hsd3b2 gene expression products and combinations thereof. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the biomarker is selected from the group consisting of FGF21gene expression product, GDF15 gene expression product and combinations thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker or biomarkers comprises both a FGF21 gene expression product and a GDF15 gene expression product. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is a protein. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is detected at the nucleic acid level. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological sample is a serum. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological sample is a plasma sample. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is a liver-directed treatment. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment comprises administering a liver-directed gene transfer vector to the subject. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is selected from the group consisting of gene therapy, mRNA therapy, cell therapy, small molecule, enzyme specific chaperonins, engineered microbes/microbiome, enzyme replacement therapy, and genome editing therapies. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is selected from the group consisting of all forms of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), all forms of propionic acidemia (PA), isovaleric acidemia, glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1), beta-ketothiolase deficiency (BKT), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency (3-MCC), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency (HMG), 3-Methylglutaconic acidemia or 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA Hydratase Deficiency (MGA), D-2 Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria (D2-HGA), Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency 3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria (ICBD), L-2-Hydroxy-glutaricaciduria (L2HGA), Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase Deficiency aka Malonic Acidemia (MA), Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD, holocarboxylase synthetase), and 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA Hydrolase Deficiency (HIBCH). 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is methylmalonic acidemia or propionic acidemia. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is a disorder of propionate metabolism or a cobalamin metabolic and transport disorder causing MUT deficiency. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the disorder of propionate metabolism is caused by isolated methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) deficiency, MMAA, MMAB, MMADHC, or cblA, cblB, cblD variant 2 classes of MMA. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the cobalamin metabolic and transport disorders is selected from the group consisting of MMACHC, MMADHC, LMBRD1, ABCD4, TC2, CD320, AMN, cblC, cblD, cblF, cblJ, TC2, TCBLR and Imerslund-Graesbeck forms of combined MMAemia-hyperhomocysteinemia. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is liver transplantation or combined liver and kidney transplantation. 18. A method of treating a subject for an organic acidemia, the method comprising:
detecting the level of a biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject prior to treatment, wherein the biomarker is a fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) gene expression product or a growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) gene expression product, or both; administering a treatment to the subject to improve compromised hepatic enzyme activity associated with the organic acidemia; detecting the level of the biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject after the treatment; and discontinuing, altering, or continuing the treatment based on the level after treatment compared to the level before treatment. 19. (canceled) 20. A method for improving hepatic enzyme activity in a subject having an organic acidemia, the method comprising:
detecting the level of a biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject prior to treatment, wherein the biomarker or biomarkers is a fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) gene expression product or a growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) gene expression product, or both; administering a treatment to the subject to improve compromised hepatic enzyme activity associated with the organic acidemia; detecting the level of the biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject after the treatment; and discontinuing, altering, or continuing the treatment based on the level after treatment compared to the level before treatment. 21. The method of claim 20, where in the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, propionyl CoA carboxylase, isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, Glutaryl CoA Dehydrogenase, beta-ketothiolase, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA Hydratase, Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase, Multiple carboxylase, and 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA Hydrolase. 22-27. (canceled) | 2,600 |
338,949 | 16,799,831 | 2,685 | Methods of using biomarkers in determining the efficacy of a treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject are disclosed herein. Methods of using biomarkers in determining the efficacy of a liver-directed treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject are likewise disclosed herein. | 1. A method for determining the efficacy of a treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject, the method comprising:
detecting the level of a biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject prior to the treatment; and detecting the level of the biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject after the treatment; wherein a decrease in the level of the biomarker or biomarkers after the treatment compared to the level of the biomarker or biomarkers prior to the treatment indicates efficacy of the treatment. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is selected from the group consisting of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), Gadd45b, Gstm3, Pdk4, Rragd, Slc7A11, Asns, Abcc4, Fasn, Hsd3b2 gene expression products and combinations thereof. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the biomarker is selected from the group consisting of FGF21gene expression product, GDF15 gene expression product and combinations thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker or biomarkers comprises both a FGF21 gene expression product and a GDF15 gene expression product. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is a protein. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is detected at the nucleic acid level. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological sample is a serum. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological sample is a plasma sample. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is a liver-directed treatment. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment comprises administering a liver-directed gene transfer vector to the subject. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is selected from the group consisting of gene therapy, mRNA therapy, cell therapy, small molecule, enzyme specific chaperonins, engineered microbes/microbiome, enzyme replacement therapy, and genome editing therapies. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is selected from the group consisting of all forms of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), all forms of propionic acidemia (PA), isovaleric acidemia, glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1), beta-ketothiolase deficiency (BKT), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency (3-MCC), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency (HMG), 3-Methylglutaconic acidemia or 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA Hydratase Deficiency (MGA), D-2 Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria (D2-HGA), Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency 3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria (ICBD), L-2-Hydroxy-glutaricaciduria (L2HGA), Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase Deficiency aka Malonic Acidemia (MA), Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD, holocarboxylase synthetase), and 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA Hydrolase Deficiency (HIBCH). 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is methylmalonic acidemia or propionic acidemia. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is a disorder of propionate metabolism or a cobalamin metabolic and transport disorder causing MUT deficiency. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the disorder of propionate metabolism is caused by isolated methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) deficiency, MMAA, MMAB, MMADHC, or cblA, cblB, cblD variant 2 classes of MMA. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the cobalamin metabolic and transport disorders is selected from the group consisting of MMACHC, MMADHC, LMBRD1, ABCD4, TC2, CD320, AMN, cblC, cblD, cblF, cblJ, TC2, TCBLR and Imerslund-Graesbeck forms of combined MMAemia-hyperhomocysteinemia. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is liver transplantation or combined liver and kidney transplantation. 18. A method of treating a subject for an organic acidemia, the method comprising:
detecting the level of a biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject prior to treatment, wherein the biomarker is a fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) gene expression product or a growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) gene expression product, or both; administering a treatment to the subject to improve compromised hepatic enzyme activity associated with the organic acidemia; detecting the level of the biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject after the treatment; and discontinuing, altering, or continuing the treatment based on the level after treatment compared to the level before treatment. 19. (canceled) 20. A method for improving hepatic enzyme activity in a subject having an organic acidemia, the method comprising:
detecting the level of a biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject prior to treatment, wherein the biomarker or biomarkers is a fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) gene expression product or a growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) gene expression product, or both; administering a treatment to the subject to improve compromised hepatic enzyme activity associated with the organic acidemia; detecting the level of the biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject after the treatment; and discontinuing, altering, or continuing the treatment based on the level after treatment compared to the level before treatment. 21. The method of claim 20, where in the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, propionyl CoA carboxylase, isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, Glutaryl CoA Dehydrogenase, beta-ketothiolase, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA Hydratase, Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase, Multiple carboxylase, and 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA Hydrolase. 22-27. (canceled) | Methods of using biomarkers in determining the efficacy of a treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject are disclosed herein. Methods of using biomarkers in determining the efficacy of a liver-directed treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject are likewise disclosed herein.1. A method for determining the efficacy of a treatment for an organic acidemia in a subject, the method comprising:
detecting the level of a biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject prior to the treatment; and detecting the level of the biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject after the treatment; wherein a decrease in the level of the biomarker or biomarkers after the treatment compared to the level of the biomarker or biomarkers prior to the treatment indicates efficacy of the treatment. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is selected from the group consisting of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), Gadd45b, Gstm3, Pdk4, Rragd, Slc7A11, Asns, Abcc4, Fasn, Hsd3b2 gene expression products and combinations thereof. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the biomarker is selected from the group consisting of FGF21gene expression product, GDF15 gene expression product and combinations thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker or biomarkers comprises both a FGF21 gene expression product and a GDF15 gene expression product. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is a protein. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is detected at the nucleic acid level. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological sample is a serum. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological sample is a plasma sample. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is a liver-directed treatment. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment comprises administering a liver-directed gene transfer vector to the subject. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is selected from the group consisting of gene therapy, mRNA therapy, cell therapy, small molecule, enzyme specific chaperonins, engineered microbes/microbiome, enzyme replacement therapy, and genome editing therapies. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is selected from the group consisting of all forms of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), all forms of propionic acidemia (PA), isovaleric acidemia, glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1), beta-ketothiolase deficiency (BKT), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency (3-MCC), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency (HMG), 3-Methylglutaconic acidemia or 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA Hydratase Deficiency (MGA), D-2 Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria (D2-HGA), Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency 3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria (ICBD), L-2-Hydroxy-glutaricaciduria (L2HGA), Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase Deficiency aka Malonic Acidemia (MA), Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD, holocarboxylase synthetase), and 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA Hydrolase Deficiency (HIBCH). 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is methylmalonic acidemia or propionic acidemia. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic acidemia is a disorder of propionate metabolism or a cobalamin metabolic and transport disorder causing MUT deficiency. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the disorder of propionate metabolism is caused by isolated methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) deficiency, MMAA, MMAB, MMADHC, or cblA, cblB, cblD variant 2 classes of MMA. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the cobalamin metabolic and transport disorders is selected from the group consisting of MMACHC, MMADHC, LMBRD1, ABCD4, TC2, CD320, AMN, cblC, cblD, cblF, cblJ, TC2, TCBLR and Imerslund-Graesbeck forms of combined MMAemia-hyperhomocysteinemia. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the treatment is liver transplantation or combined liver and kidney transplantation. 18. A method of treating a subject for an organic acidemia, the method comprising:
detecting the level of a biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject prior to treatment, wherein the biomarker is a fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) gene expression product or a growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) gene expression product, or both; administering a treatment to the subject to improve compromised hepatic enzyme activity associated with the organic acidemia; detecting the level of the biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject after the treatment; and discontinuing, altering, or continuing the treatment based on the level after treatment compared to the level before treatment. 19. (canceled) 20. A method for improving hepatic enzyme activity in a subject having an organic acidemia, the method comprising:
detecting the level of a biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject prior to treatment, wherein the biomarker or biomarkers is a fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) gene expression product or a growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) gene expression product, or both; administering a treatment to the subject to improve compromised hepatic enzyme activity associated with the organic acidemia; detecting the level of the biomarker or biomarkers in a biological sample from the subject after the treatment; and discontinuing, altering, or continuing the treatment based on the level after treatment compared to the level before treatment. 21. The method of claim 20, where in the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, propionyl CoA carboxylase, isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, Glutaryl CoA Dehydrogenase, beta-ketothiolase, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA Hydratase, Isobutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Malonyl-CoA Decarboxylase, Multiple carboxylase, and 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA Hydrolase. 22-27. (canceled) | 2,600 |
338,950 | 16,642,003 | 2,685 | A power generation system comprises a fuel gas supply device 13 for controlling methane concentration or carbon dioxide concentration in a mixed gas MG containing methane and carbon dioxide within a setting range for the concentration in the fuel gas of a gas engine 11, and for supplying the mixed gas MG to the gas engine 11 as the fuel gas, and a gas concentration sensor 14 for measuring the carbon dioxide concentration or the methane concentration of the mixed gas MG. The fuel gas supply device 13 comprises a carbon dioxide removal device 16 for removing carbon dioxide in the mixed gas MG, and an operating condition control device 17 for controlling an operating condition that affects an increase or decrease of a carbon dioxide removal rate of the carbon dioxide removal device 16, and the operating condition control device 17 controls the operating condition of the carbon dioxide removal device 16 based on the measurement result of the gas concentration sensor 14, thereby controlling the concentration of methane and carbon dioxide in the mixed gas. | 1. A power generation system comprising: a gas engine for generating kinetic energy by consuming a fuel gas containing methane as a main component and carbon dioxide; and a generator for generating electricity by being driven by the kinetic energy generated by the gas engine,
wherein the power generation system further comprises: a fuel gas supply device for controlling a concentration of target component gas which is at least one of methane and carbon dioxide in a mixed gas supplied from outside within a setting range with respect to the concentration of the target component gas in the fuel gas to the gas engine, and then supplying the mixed gas to the gas engine as the fuel gas; and a gas concentration sensor for measuring at least one of carbon dioxide concentration and methane concentration in the mixed gas, wherein, the fuel gas supply device is provided with a carbon dioxide removal device for removing carbon dioxide in the mixed gas, and an operating condition control device for controlling an operating condition that affects an increase or decrease of a carbon dioxide removal rate of the carbon dioxide removal device, wherein the gas concentration sensor is disposed in at least one of a front stage and a rear stage of the carbon dioxide removal device, and wherein the operating condition control device controls the operating condition of the carbon dioxide removal device based on the measurement result of the gas concentration sensor, thereby controlling the concentration of methane and carbon dioxide in the mixed gas. 2. The power generation system according to claim 1,
wherein the carbon dioxide removal device comprises a carbon dioxide separation membrane for selectively separating carbon dioxide contained in the mixed gas from methane, and a first treatment chamber and a second treatment chamber separated by the carbon dioxide separation membrane, wherein the first treatment chamber is provided with a first inlet for receiving the mixed gas into the first treatment chamber and a first outlet for discharging the mixed gas whose concentration of the target component gas is controlled in the first treatment chamber as the fuel gas, wherein the second treatment chamber is provided with a second outlet for discharging the gas permeated from the first treatment chamber into the second treatment chamber through the carbon dioxide separation membrane, and wherein the operating condition control device controls at least one of operating condition candidates to be controlled including a flow rate of the mixed gas supplied into the first treatment chamber, a pressure in the first treatment chamber, a pressure in the second treatment chamber, an ambient temperature of the carbon dioxide separation membrane, and a membrane area of the carbon dioxide separation membrane, as the operating condition affecting the increase or decrease of the carbon dioxide removal rate of the carbon dioxide separation membrane, based on the measurement result of the gas concentration sensor. 3. The power generation system according to claim 2, wherein
the second treatment chamber has a second inlet for receiving a sweep gas into the second treatment chamber, the gas permeated from the first treatment chamber into the second treatment chamber through the carbon dioxide separation membrane and the sweep gas are discharged from the second outlet, and the flow rate of the sweep gas supplied into the second treatment chamber is included in the operating condition candidates to be controlled. 4. The power generation system according to claim 2, wherein
the carbon dioxide separation membrane is a facilitated transport membrane to which a carbon dioxide carrier that selectively reacts with carbon dioxide without reacting with methane is added, and at least one operating condition that affects an increase or decrease of at least one of the relative humidity in the first treatment chamber and the relative humidity in the second treatment chamber is included in the operating condition candidates to be controlled. 5. The power generation system according to claim 3, wherein
the carbon dioxide separation membrane is a facilitated transport membrane to which a carbon dioxide carrier that selectively reacts with carbon dioxide without reacting with methane is added, and at least one operating condition that affects an increase or decrease of at least one of the relative humidity in the first treatment chamber and the relative humidity in the second treatment chamber is included in the operating condition candidates to be controlled. 6. The power generation system according to claim 4, wherein
the mixed gas supplied into the first treatment chamber contains water vapor. 7. The power generation system according to claim 4, further comprising a water vapor supply unit for supplying water vapor to the mixed gas to be supplied into the first treatment chamber. 8. The power generation system according to claim 5, wherein
at least one of the mixed gas supplied into the first treatment chamber and the sweep gas supplied into the second treatment chamber contains water vapor. 9. The power generation system according to claim 5, further comprising a water vapor supply unit for supplying water vapor to at least one of the mixed gas to be supplied into the first treatment chamber and the sweep gas to be supplied into the second treatment chamber. 10. The power generation system according to claim 9, wherein
the operating condition control device controls the amount of water vapor added from the water vapor supply unit to the mixed gas as one of the operating condition candidates to be controlled when the water vapor supply unit supplies the water vapor to the mixed gas, and the operating condition control device controls the amount of water vapor added from the water vapor supply unit to the sweep gas as one of the operating condition candidates to be controlled when the water vapor supply unit supplies the water vapor to the sweep gas. 11. The power generation system according to claim 7, wherein
the water vapor supply unit supplies water vapor generated by heating water by heat exchange with a high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the gas engine to the mixed gas. 12. The power generation system according to claim 7, wherein
the water vapor supply unit supplies water vapor included in the exhaust gas discharged from the gas engine to the mixed gas. 13. The power generation system according to claims claim 4, further comprising a desulfurization device using an ultra-high desulfurization catalyst for removing a sulfur component contained in the mixed gas in the upstream side of the fuel gas supply device, wherein the mixed gas includes a gas derived from a biogas produced by methane fermentation of an organic substance. 14. The power generation system according to claim 1, wherein
the fuel gas supply device comprises a first gas supply device for supplying a first concentration adjustment gas containing methane as a main component, which has a concentration of the target component gas lower than the setting range when the target component gas is carbon dioxide or a concentration of the target component gas higher than the setting range when the target component gas is methane, to the mixed gas, and the first gas supply device supplies the first concentration adjustment gas to the mixed gas to control the concentration of methane and carbon dioxide in the mixed gas based on the measurement result of the gas concentration sensor when the target component gas is carbon dioxide and the concentration of the target component gas of the mixed gas is higher than the setting range, or when the target component gas is methane and the concentration of the target component gas of the mixed gas is lower than the setting range. 15. The power generation system according to claim 14, wherein
the first gas supply device comprises a second carbon dioxide removal device for selectively separating carbon dioxide contained in the mixed gas with respect to methane, and a first container for storing the first concentration adjustment gas prepared in advance by separating carbon dioxide from the mixed gas using the second carbon dioxide removal device. 16. The power generation system according to claim 1, wherein
the fuel gas supply device comprises a second gas supply device for supplying a second concentration adjustment gas containing carbon dioxide or methane and carbon dioxide as a main component, which has a concentration of the target component gas higher than the setting range when the target component gas is carbon dioxide or a concentration of the target component gas lower than the setting range when the target component gas is methane, to the mixed gas, and the second gas supply device supplies the second concentration adjustment gas to the mixed gas based on the measurement result of the gas concentration sensor when the target component gas is carbon dioxide and the concentration of the target component gas of the mixed gas is lower than the setting range, or when the target component gas is methane and the concentration of the target component gas of the mixed gas is higher than the setting range. 17. The power generation system according to claim 16, wherein
the second gas supply device comprises a second container for storing the second concentration adjustment gas, and the second concentration adjustment gas includes carbon dioxide removed from the mixed gas by the carbon dioxide removal device. 18. A power generation system comprising: a gas engine for generating kinetic energy by consuming a fuel gas containing methane as a main component and carbon dioxide; and a generator for generating electricity by being driven by the kinetic energy generated by the gas engine,
wherein the power generation system further comprises: a fuel gas supply device for controlling a concentration of target component gas which is at least one of methane and carbon dioxide in a mixed gas supplied from outside within a setting range with respect to the concentration of the target component gas in the fuel gas to the gas engine, and then supplying the mixed gas to the gas engine as the fuel gas; and a gas concentration sensor for measuring at least one of carbon dioxide concentration and methane concentration in the mixed gas, wherein the fuel gas supply device comprises: a first gas supply device for supplying a first concentration adjustment gas containing methane as a main component, which has a concentration of the target component gas lower than the setting range when the target component gas is carbon dioxide or a concentration of the target component gas higher than the setting range when the target component gas is methane, to the mixed gas; and a second gas supply device for supplying a second concentration adjustment gas containing carbon dioxide or methane and carbon dioxide as a main component, which has a concentration of the target component gas higher than the setting range when the target component gas is carbon dioxide or a concentration of the target component gas lower than the setting range when the target component gas is methane, to the mixed gas, wherein the first gas supply device supplies the first concentration adjustment gas to the mixed gas to control the concentration of methane and carbon dioxide in the mixed gas based on the measurement result of the gas concentration sensor when the target component gas is carbon dioxide and the concentration of the target component gas of the mixed gas is higher than the setting range, or when the target component gas is methane and the concentration of the target component gas of the mixed gas is lower than the setting range, wherein the second gas supply device supplies the second concentration adjustment gas to the mixed gas to control the concentration of methane and carbon dioxide in the mixed gas based on the measurement result of the gas concentration sensor when the target component gas is carbon dioxide and the concentration of the target component gas of the mixed gas is lower than the setting range, or when the target component gas is methane and the concentration of the target component gas of the mixed gas is higher than the setting range, and wherein the fuel gas supply device comprises a carbon dioxide removal device for selectively separating carbon dioxide contained in the mixed gas with respect to methane, and first and second containers for separately storing the first concentration adjustment gas and the second concentration adjustment gas prepared in advance by separating carbon dioxide from the mixed gas using the carbon dioxide removal device. 19. (canceled) 20. The power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the mixed gas includes a gas derived from a biogas produced by methane fermentation of an organic substance. 21. The power generation system according to claim 7, wherein
the operating condition control device controls the amount of water vapor added from the water vapor supply unit to the mixed gas as one of the operating condition candidates to be controlled. | A power generation system comprises a fuel gas supply device 13 for controlling methane concentration or carbon dioxide concentration in a mixed gas MG containing methane and carbon dioxide within a setting range for the concentration in the fuel gas of a gas engine 11, and for supplying the mixed gas MG to the gas engine 11 as the fuel gas, and a gas concentration sensor 14 for measuring the carbon dioxide concentration or the methane concentration of the mixed gas MG. The fuel gas supply device 13 comprises a carbon dioxide removal device 16 for removing carbon dioxide in the mixed gas MG, and an operating condition control device 17 for controlling an operating condition that affects an increase or decrease of a carbon dioxide removal rate of the carbon dioxide removal device 16, and the operating condition control device 17 controls the operating condition of the carbon dioxide removal device 16 based on the measurement result of the gas concentration sensor 14, thereby controlling the concentration of methane and carbon dioxide in the mixed gas.1. A power generation system comprising: a gas engine for generating kinetic energy by consuming a fuel gas containing methane as a main component and carbon dioxide; and a generator for generating electricity by being driven by the kinetic energy generated by the gas engine,
wherein the power generation system further comprises: a fuel gas supply device for controlling a concentration of target component gas which is at least one of methane and carbon dioxide in a mixed gas supplied from outside within a setting range with respect to the concentration of the target component gas in the fuel gas to the gas engine, and then supplying the mixed gas to the gas engine as the fuel gas; and a gas concentration sensor for measuring at least one of carbon dioxide concentration and methane concentration in the mixed gas, wherein, the fuel gas supply device is provided with a carbon dioxide removal device for removing carbon dioxide in the mixed gas, and an operating condition control device for controlling an operating condition that affects an increase or decrease of a carbon dioxide removal rate of the carbon dioxide removal device, wherein the gas concentration sensor is disposed in at least one of a front stage and a rear stage of the carbon dioxide removal device, and wherein the operating condition control device controls the operating condition of the carbon dioxide removal device based on the measurement result of the gas concentration sensor, thereby controlling the concentration of methane and carbon dioxide in the mixed gas. 2. The power generation system according to claim 1,
wherein the carbon dioxide removal device comprises a carbon dioxide separation membrane for selectively separating carbon dioxide contained in the mixed gas from methane, and a first treatment chamber and a second treatment chamber separated by the carbon dioxide separation membrane, wherein the first treatment chamber is provided with a first inlet for receiving the mixed gas into the first treatment chamber and a first outlet for discharging the mixed gas whose concentration of the target component gas is controlled in the first treatment chamber as the fuel gas, wherein the second treatment chamber is provided with a second outlet for discharging the gas permeated from the first treatment chamber into the second treatment chamber through the carbon dioxide separation membrane, and wherein the operating condition control device controls at least one of operating condition candidates to be controlled including a flow rate of the mixed gas supplied into the first treatment chamber, a pressure in the first treatment chamber, a pressure in the second treatment chamber, an ambient temperature of the carbon dioxide separation membrane, and a membrane area of the carbon dioxide separation membrane, as the operating condition affecting the increase or decrease of the carbon dioxide removal rate of the carbon dioxide separation membrane, based on the measurement result of the gas concentration sensor. 3. The power generation system according to claim 2, wherein
the second treatment chamber has a second inlet for receiving a sweep gas into the second treatment chamber, the gas permeated from the first treatment chamber into the second treatment chamber through the carbon dioxide separation membrane and the sweep gas are discharged from the second outlet, and the flow rate of the sweep gas supplied into the second treatment chamber is included in the operating condition candidates to be controlled. 4. The power generation system according to claim 2, wherein
the carbon dioxide separation membrane is a facilitated transport membrane to which a carbon dioxide carrier that selectively reacts with carbon dioxide without reacting with methane is added, and at least one operating condition that affects an increase or decrease of at least one of the relative humidity in the first treatment chamber and the relative humidity in the second treatment chamber is included in the operating condition candidates to be controlled. 5. The power generation system according to claim 3, wherein
the carbon dioxide separation membrane is a facilitated transport membrane to which a carbon dioxide carrier that selectively reacts with carbon dioxide without reacting with methane is added, and at least one operating condition that affects an increase or decrease of at least one of the relative humidity in the first treatment chamber and the relative humidity in the second treatment chamber is included in the operating condition candidates to be controlled. 6. The power generation system according to claim 4, wherein
the mixed gas supplied into the first treatment chamber contains water vapor. 7. The power generation system according to claim 4, further comprising a water vapor supply unit for supplying water vapor to the mixed gas to be supplied into the first treatment chamber. 8. The power generation system according to claim 5, wherein
at least one of the mixed gas supplied into the first treatment chamber and the sweep gas supplied into the second treatment chamber contains water vapor. 9. The power generation system according to claim 5, further comprising a water vapor supply unit for supplying water vapor to at least one of the mixed gas to be supplied into the first treatment chamber and the sweep gas to be supplied into the second treatment chamber. 10. The power generation system according to claim 9, wherein
the operating condition control device controls the amount of water vapor added from the water vapor supply unit to the mixed gas as one of the operating condition candidates to be controlled when the water vapor supply unit supplies the water vapor to the mixed gas, and the operating condition control device controls the amount of water vapor added from the water vapor supply unit to the sweep gas as one of the operating condition candidates to be controlled when the water vapor supply unit supplies the water vapor to the sweep gas. 11. The power generation system according to claim 7, wherein
the water vapor supply unit supplies water vapor generated by heating water by heat exchange with a high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the gas engine to the mixed gas. 12. The power generation system according to claim 7, wherein
the water vapor supply unit supplies water vapor included in the exhaust gas discharged from the gas engine to the mixed gas. 13. The power generation system according to claims claim 4, further comprising a desulfurization device using an ultra-high desulfurization catalyst for removing a sulfur component contained in the mixed gas in the upstream side of the fuel gas supply device, wherein the mixed gas includes a gas derived from a biogas produced by methane fermentation of an organic substance. 14. The power generation system according to claim 1, wherein
the fuel gas supply device comprises a first gas supply device for supplying a first concentration adjustment gas containing methane as a main component, which has a concentration of the target component gas lower than the setting range when the target component gas is carbon dioxide or a concentration of the target component gas higher than the setting range when the target component gas is methane, to the mixed gas, and the first gas supply device supplies the first concentration adjustment gas to the mixed gas to control the concentration of methane and carbon dioxide in the mixed gas based on the measurement result of the gas concentration sensor when the target component gas is carbon dioxide and the concentration of the target component gas of the mixed gas is higher than the setting range, or when the target component gas is methane and the concentration of the target component gas of the mixed gas is lower than the setting range. 15. The power generation system according to claim 14, wherein
the first gas supply device comprises a second carbon dioxide removal device for selectively separating carbon dioxide contained in the mixed gas with respect to methane, and a first container for storing the first concentration adjustment gas prepared in advance by separating carbon dioxide from the mixed gas using the second carbon dioxide removal device. 16. The power generation system according to claim 1, wherein
the fuel gas supply device comprises a second gas supply device for supplying a second concentration adjustment gas containing carbon dioxide or methane and carbon dioxide as a main component, which has a concentration of the target component gas higher than the setting range when the target component gas is carbon dioxide or a concentration of the target component gas lower than the setting range when the target component gas is methane, to the mixed gas, and the second gas supply device supplies the second concentration adjustment gas to the mixed gas based on the measurement result of the gas concentration sensor when the target component gas is carbon dioxide and the concentration of the target component gas of the mixed gas is lower than the setting range, or when the target component gas is methane and the concentration of the target component gas of the mixed gas is higher than the setting range. 17. The power generation system according to claim 16, wherein
the second gas supply device comprises a second container for storing the second concentration adjustment gas, and the second concentration adjustment gas includes carbon dioxide removed from the mixed gas by the carbon dioxide removal device. 18. A power generation system comprising: a gas engine for generating kinetic energy by consuming a fuel gas containing methane as a main component and carbon dioxide; and a generator for generating electricity by being driven by the kinetic energy generated by the gas engine,
wherein the power generation system further comprises: a fuel gas supply device for controlling a concentration of target component gas which is at least one of methane and carbon dioxide in a mixed gas supplied from outside within a setting range with respect to the concentration of the target component gas in the fuel gas to the gas engine, and then supplying the mixed gas to the gas engine as the fuel gas; and a gas concentration sensor for measuring at least one of carbon dioxide concentration and methane concentration in the mixed gas, wherein the fuel gas supply device comprises: a first gas supply device for supplying a first concentration adjustment gas containing methane as a main component, which has a concentration of the target component gas lower than the setting range when the target component gas is carbon dioxide or a concentration of the target component gas higher than the setting range when the target component gas is methane, to the mixed gas; and a second gas supply device for supplying a second concentration adjustment gas containing carbon dioxide or methane and carbon dioxide as a main component, which has a concentration of the target component gas higher than the setting range when the target component gas is carbon dioxide or a concentration of the target component gas lower than the setting range when the target component gas is methane, to the mixed gas, wherein the first gas supply device supplies the first concentration adjustment gas to the mixed gas to control the concentration of methane and carbon dioxide in the mixed gas based on the measurement result of the gas concentration sensor when the target component gas is carbon dioxide and the concentration of the target component gas of the mixed gas is higher than the setting range, or when the target component gas is methane and the concentration of the target component gas of the mixed gas is lower than the setting range, wherein the second gas supply device supplies the second concentration adjustment gas to the mixed gas to control the concentration of methane and carbon dioxide in the mixed gas based on the measurement result of the gas concentration sensor when the target component gas is carbon dioxide and the concentration of the target component gas of the mixed gas is lower than the setting range, or when the target component gas is methane and the concentration of the target component gas of the mixed gas is higher than the setting range, and wherein the fuel gas supply device comprises a carbon dioxide removal device for selectively separating carbon dioxide contained in the mixed gas with respect to methane, and first and second containers for separately storing the first concentration adjustment gas and the second concentration adjustment gas prepared in advance by separating carbon dioxide from the mixed gas using the carbon dioxide removal device. 19. (canceled) 20. The power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the mixed gas includes a gas derived from a biogas produced by methane fermentation of an organic substance. 21. The power generation system according to claim 7, wherein
the operating condition control device controls the amount of water vapor added from the water vapor supply unit to the mixed gas as one of the operating condition candidates to be controlled. | 2,600 |
338,951 | 16,642,002 | 2,685 | The present invention relates to a resin composition including (1) 80 wt % to 99.8 wt % of a butadiene-based graft copolymer mixture; (2) 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of a graft copolymer including a derived unit from a polyolefin-based polymer, a derived unit from a vinyl cyanide compound and a derived unit from an aromatic vinyl-based compound; and (3) 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of an alpha olefin-based copolymer. | 1. A resin composition, comprising:
(1) 80 wt % to 99.8 wt % of a butadiene-based graft copolymer mixture; (2) 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of a graft copolymer comprising a derived unit from a polyolefin-based polymer, a derived unit from a vinyl cyanide compound and a derived unit from an aromatic vinyl-based compound; and (3) 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of an alpha olefin-based copolymer. 2. The resin composition according to claim 1, wherein (1) the butadiene-based graft copolymer mixture is an ABS-based graft copolymer composition comprising (A) a first butadiene-based graft copolymer comprising 40 wt % to 70 wt % of a butadiene-based rubbery polymer core and 30 wt % to 60 wt % of a graft shell comprising a derived unit from a vinyl cyanide compound and a derived unit from an aromatic vinyl compound; and (B) a second butadiene-based graft copolymer comprising 5 wt % to 30 wt % of a butadiene-based rubbery polymer core and 70 wt % to 95 wt % of a graft shell comprising a derived unit from a vinyl cyanide compound and a derived unit from an aromatic vinyl compound, and further comprising (C) a copolymer comprising a derived unit from a vinyl cyanide compound and a derived unit from an aromatic vinyl-based compound. 3. The resin composition according to claim 2, wherein (1) the butadiene-based graft copolymer mixture comprises based on a total weight of the mixture, (A) the first butadiene-based graft copolymer in 5 wt % to 50 wt %; (B) the second butadiene-based graft copolymer in 0.5 wt % to 55 wt %; and (C) the copolymer comprising the derived unit from the vinyl cyanide compound and the derived unit from the aromatic vinyl-based compound in 15 wt % to 85 wt %. 4. The resin composition according to claim 2, wherein, in (1) the butadiene-based graft copolymer mixture, a weight ratio of a total amount of (A) the first butadiene-based graft copolymer and (B) the second butadiene-based graft copolymer, and an amount of (C) the copolymer comprising the derived unit from the vinyl cyanide compound and the derived unit from the aromatic vinyl-based compound is 20:80 to 80:20. 5. The resin composition according to claim 2, wherein the derived unit from the aromatic vinyl-based compound of (C) the copolymer comprises a derived unit from α-methylstyrene. 6. The resin composition according to claim 2, wherein (C) the copolymer comprising the derived unit from the vinyl cyanide compound and the derived unit from the aromatic vinyl-based compound has a glass transition temperature of 100° C. to 150° C. 7. The resin composition according to claim 2, wherein (1) the butadiene-based graft copolymer mixture further comprises (D) a heat resistant thermoplastic copolymer, and the heat resistant thermoplastic copolymer is a copolymer comprising a derived unit from a maleimide compound and a derived unit from an aromatic vinyl compound. 8. The resin composition according to claim 7, wherein (D) the heat resistant thermoplastic copolymer is comprised in 5 parts by weight to 19 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of (1) the butadiene-based graft copolymer mixture. 9. The resin composition according to claim 7, wherein, in (1) the butadiene-based graft copolymer mixture, a weight ratio of a total amount of (A) the first butadiene-based graft copolymer and (B) the second butadiene-based graft copolymer, and a total amount of (C) the copolymer comprising the derived unit from the vinyl cyanide compound and the derived unit from the aromatic vinyl-based compound and (D) the heat resistant thermoplastic resin is 20:80 to 80:20. 10. The resin composition according to claim 1, wherein (2) the graft copolymer comprising the derived unit from a polyolefin-based polymer, the derived unit from a vinyl cyanide compound and the derived unit from an aromatic vinyl-based compound, is a graft copolymer comprising a polyolefin-based polymer core, a derived unit from a vinyl cyanide compound and a derived unit from an aromatic vinyl compound. 11. The resin composition according to claim 10, wherein (2) the graft copolymer comprising the derived unit from a polyolefin-based polymer, the derived unit from a vinyl cyanide compound and the derived unit from an aromatic vinyl-based compound comprises the polyolefin-based polymer core, and the derived unit from a vinyl cyanide compound and the derived unit from an aromatic vinyl compound in a weight ratio of 30:70 to 70:30. 12. The resin composition according to claim 1, wherein (3) the alpha olefin-based copolymer has a weight average molecular weight of 30,000 to 200,000. 13. The resin composition according to claim 1, wherein (3) the alpha olefin-based copolymer has a crystallization degree of 5% to 20%. 14. The resin composition according to claim 1, wherein (3) the alpha olefin-based copolymer has a melting temperature (Tm) of 20° C. to 70° C. and a glass transition temperature (Tg) of −100° C. to −20° C. 15. The resin composition according to claim 1, wherein (3) the alpha olefin-based copolymer is an ethylene-1-butene copolymer having a ratio of an ethylene derived unit and butyl of 60:40 to 80:20 by weight. 16. A thermoplastic resin prepared using the resin composition of claim 1,
the thermoplastic resin has a PRN (risk-priority-number) value of 5 or less, when standing at 80° C. in humidity of 95% for 350 hours and standing at 23° C. in humidity of 50% for 24 hours for aging according to standard conditions of VDA 230-206 standard, and measuring the PRN value. | The present invention relates to a resin composition including (1) 80 wt % to 99.8 wt % of a butadiene-based graft copolymer mixture; (2) 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of a graft copolymer including a derived unit from a polyolefin-based polymer, a derived unit from a vinyl cyanide compound and a derived unit from an aromatic vinyl-based compound; and (3) 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of an alpha olefin-based copolymer.1. A resin composition, comprising:
(1) 80 wt % to 99.8 wt % of a butadiene-based graft copolymer mixture; (2) 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of a graft copolymer comprising a derived unit from a polyolefin-based polymer, a derived unit from a vinyl cyanide compound and a derived unit from an aromatic vinyl-based compound; and (3) 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of an alpha olefin-based copolymer. 2. The resin composition according to claim 1, wherein (1) the butadiene-based graft copolymer mixture is an ABS-based graft copolymer composition comprising (A) a first butadiene-based graft copolymer comprising 40 wt % to 70 wt % of a butadiene-based rubbery polymer core and 30 wt % to 60 wt % of a graft shell comprising a derived unit from a vinyl cyanide compound and a derived unit from an aromatic vinyl compound; and (B) a second butadiene-based graft copolymer comprising 5 wt % to 30 wt % of a butadiene-based rubbery polymer core and 70 wt % to 95 wt % of a graft shell comprising a derived unit from a vinyl cyanide compound and a derived unit from an aromatic vinyl compound, and further comprising (C) a copolymer comprising a derived unit from a vinyl cyanide compound and a derived unit from an aromatic vinyl-based compound. 3. The resin composition according to claim 2, wherein (1) the butadiene-based graft copolymer mixture comprises based on a total weight of the mixture, (A) the first butadiene-based graft copolymer in 5 wt % to 50 wt %; (B) the second butadiene-based graft copolymer in 0.5 wt % to 55 wt %; and (C) the copolymer comprising the derived unit from the vinyl cyanide compound and the derived unit from the aromatic vinyl-based compound in 15 wt % to 85 wt %. 4. The resin composition according to claim 2, wherein, in (1) the butadiene-based graft copolymer mixture, a weight ratio of a total amount of (A) the first butadiene-based graft copolymer and (B) the second butadiene-based graft copolymer, and an amount of (C) the copolymer comprising the derived unit from the vinyl cyanide compound and the derived unit from the aromatic vinyl-based compound is 20:80 to 80:20. 5. The resin composition according to claim 2, wherein the derived unit from the aromatic vinyl-based compound of (C) the copolymer comprises a derived unit from α-methylstyrene. 6. The resin composition according to claim 2, wherein (C) the copolymer comprising the derived unit from the vinyl cyanide compound and the derived unit from the aromatic vinyl-based compound has a glass transition temperature of 100° C. to 150° C. 7. The resin composition according to claim 2, wherein (1) the butadiene-based graft copolymer mixture further comprises (D) a heat resistant thermoplastic copolymer, and the heat resistant thermoplastic copolymer is a copolymer comprising a derived unit from a maleimide compound and a derived unit from an aromatic vinyl compound. 8. The resin composition according to claim 7, wherein (D) the heat resistant thermoplastic copolymer is comprised in 5 parts by weight to 19 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of (1) the butadiene-based graft copolymer mixture. 9. The resin composition according to claim 7, wherein, in (1) the butadiene-based graft copolymer mixture, a weight ratio of a total amount of (A) the first butadiene-based graft copolymer and (B) the second butadiene-based graft copolymer, and a total amount of (C) the copolymer comprising the derived unit from the vinyl cyanide compound and the derived unit from the aromatic vinyl-based compound and (D) the heat resistant thermoplastic resin is 20:80 to 80:20. 10. The resin composition according to claim 1, wherein (2) the graft copolymer comprising the derived unit from a polyolefin-based polymer, the derived unit from a vinyl cyanide compound and the derived unit from an aromatic vinyl-based compound, is a graft copolymer comprising a polyolefin-based polymer core, a derived unit from a vinyl cyanide compound and a derived unit from an aromatic vinyl compound. 11. The resin composition according to claim 10, wherein (2) the graft copolymer comprising the derived unit from a polyolefin-based polymer, the derived unit from a vinyl cyanide compound and the derived unit from an aromatic vinyl-based compound comprises the polyolefin-based polymer core, and the derived unit from a vinyl cyanide compound and the derived unit from an aromatic vinyl compound in a weight ratio of 30:70 to 70:30. 12. The resin composition according to claim 1, wherein (3) the alpha olefin-based copolymer has a weight average molecular weight of 30,000 to 200,000. 13. The resin composition according to claim 1, wherein (3) the alpha olefin-based copolymer has a crystallization degree of 5% to 20%. 14. The resin composition according to claim 1, wherein (3) the alpha olefin-based copolymer has a melting temperature (Tm) of 20° C. to 70° C. and a glass transition temperature (Tg) of −100° C. to −20° C. 15. The resin composition according to claim 1, wherein (3) the alpha olefin-based copolymer is an ethylene-1-butene copolymer having a ratio of an ethylene derived unit and butyl of 60:40 to 80:20 by weight. 16. A thermoplastic resin prepared using the resin composition of claim 1,
the thermoplastic resin has a PRN (risk-priority-number) value of 5 or less, when standing at 80° C. in humidity of 95% for 350 hours and standing at 23° C. in humidity of 50% for 24 hours for aging according to standard conditions of VDA 230-206 standard, and measuring the PRN value. | 2,600 |
338,952 | 16,642,011 | 2,685 | An in-game display control method and apparatus, a storage medium, a processor, and a terminal are provided. The method includes: a first touch area and a second touch area are configured on a graphical user interface; in response to a first touch operation acting on the first touch area, a movement of a first virtual character in a game scene is controlled according to the first touch operation; a scene display area in the game scene is updated according to a position of the first virtual character in the game scene; and in response to a preset skill release operation acting on the second touch area, the scene display area in the game scene is updated at least according to a skill release direction corresponding to the preset skill release operation. | 1. An in-game display control method, applied to a mobile terminal having at least one processor for executing a software application and a touch screen which is rendered with a graphical user interface, a game scene of a game comprising a first virtual character and a scene display area, the scene display area being at least part of the game scene, contents rendered on the graphical user interface comprising the scene display area, the method comprising:
configuring a first touch area and a second touch area on the graphical user interface; in response to a first touch operation acting on the first touch area, controlling a movement of the first virtual character in the game scene according to the first touch operation; updating the scene display area in the game scene according to a position of the first virtual character in the game scene; and in response to a preset skill release operation acting on the second touch area, updating the scene display area in the game scene at least according to a skill release direction corresponding to the preset skill release operation. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein updating the scene display area in the game scene at least according to the skill release direction corresponding to the preset skill release operation comprises:
determining an update direction of the scene display area in the game scene according to the skill release direction corresponding to the preset skill release operation, and updating the scene display area in the game scene along the update direction. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a virtual camera corresponding to the first virtual character is configured in the game scene, and the scene display area in the game scene is an area shot by the virtual camera. 4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein updating the scene display area in the game scene at least according to the skill release direction corresponding to the preset skill release operation comprises:
determining an adjustment direction of the virtual camera according to the release direction; controlling a movement of the virtual camera according to the adjustment direction; and updating the scene display area in the game scene according to the movement of the virtual camera. 5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein updating the scene display area in the game scene at least according to the skill release direction corresponding to the preset skill release operation comprises:
updating the scene display area in the game scene according to the skill release direction and at least one skill attribute corresponding to the preset skill release operation, the at least one skill attribute comprising an effect area of a skill release. 6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein updating the scene display area in the game scene at least according to the skill release direction and the at least one skill attribute corresponding to the preset skill release operation comprises:
determining an adjustment direction of the virtual camera according to the release direction; determining an adjustment position of the virtual camera according to the at least one skill attribute; controlling the movement of the virtual camera according to the adjustment direction and the adjustment position; and updating the scene display area in the game scene according to the movement of the virtual camera. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
detecting a second touch operation acting on a preset position of the graphical user interface; and controlling, according to the second touch operation, the scene display area to restore to a state before performing the preset skill release operation. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
when the skill release operation ends, controlling the scene display area to restore to a state before performing the preset skill release operation. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein updating the scene display area in the game scene at least according to the skill release direction corresponding to the preset skill release operation comprises:
determining the skill release direction according to an operation direction of the preset skill release operation; and updating the scene display area in the game scene according to the skill release direction. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein updating the scene display area in the game scene at least according to the skill release direction corresponding to the preset skill release operation comprises:
determining a skill release position according to an operation track of the preset skill release operation; determining the skill release direction according to the skill release position and the position of the first virtual character; and updating the scene display area in the game scene according to the skill release direction. 11. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein updating the scene display area in the game scene at least according to the skill release direction corresponding to the preset skill release operation comprises:
acquiring a position of a second virtual character in a preset range of the first virtual range; determining the skill release direction according to the preset skill release operation, the position of the first virtual character and the position of the second virtual character, and updating the scene display area in the game scene according to the skill release direction. 12. An in-game display control apparatus, applied to a mobile terminal having at least one processor for executing a software application and a touch screen which is rendered with a graphical user interface, a game scene of a game comprising a first virtual character and a scene display area, the scene display area being at least part of the game scene, contents rendered on the graphical user interface comprising the scene display area, the apparatus comprising:
a configuration component, configured to configure a first touch area and a second touch area on the graphical user interface; a control component, configured to, in response to a first touch operation acting on the first touch area, control a movement of the first virtual character in the game scene according to the first touch operation; a first update component, configured to update the scene display area in the game scene according to a position of the first virtual character in the game scene; and a second update component, configured to, in response to a preset skill release operation acting on the second touch area, update the scene display area in the game scene at least according to a skill release direction corresponding to the preset skill release operation. 13. A storage medium, comprising a stored program, wherein when the stored program is run, a device where the storage medium is located is controlled to perform the in-game display control method as claimed in claim 1. 14. A processor, configured to run a program, wherein the program is run to perform the in-game display control method as claimed in claim 1. 15. A terminal, comprising: at least one processor, a memory, a display device, and at least one program, wherein the at least one program is stored in the memory, and configured to be run by the at least one processor, the at least one program being configured to perform the in-game display control method as claimed in claim 1. 16. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first touch area is a direction control located on a lower left area of the graphical user interface, and the second touch area is a skill control located on a lower right area of the graphical user interface. 17. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein according to the adjustment direction, the virtual camera is controlled to move along the skill release direction from a current location of the first virtual character. 18. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the second touch operation is a touch operation acting on a specific cancellation control or a touch operation acting on any blank area on the graphical interface, or an operation of sliding to a preset position before the first touch operation ends. 19. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the scene display area in the game scene is updated by determining an update position or a shifting distance at any position between the skill release position and the position of the first virtual character. 20. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the scene display area in the game scene is updated by determining an update position or a shifting distance at any position in an area between the current location of the first virtual character and the current location of the second virtual character. | An in-game display control method and apparatus, a storage medium, a processor, and a terminal are provided. The method includes: a first touch area and a second touch area are configured on a graphical user interface; in response to a first touch operation acting on the first touch area, a movement of a first virtual character in a game scene is controlled according to the first touch operation; a scene display area in the game scene is updated according to a position of the first virtual character in the game scene; and in response to a preset skill release operation acting on the second touch area, the scene display area in the game scene is updated at least according to a skill release direction corresponding to the preset skill release operation.1. An in-game display control method, applied to a mobile terminal having at least one processor for executing a software application and a touch screen which is rendered with a graphical user interface, a game scene of a game comprising a first virtual character and a scene display area, the scene display area being at least part of the game scene, contents rendered on the graphical user interface comprising the scene display area, the method comprising:
configuring a first touch area and a second touch area on the graphical user interface; in response to a first touch operation acting on the first touch area, controlling a movement of the first virtual character in the game scene according to the first touch operation; updating the scene display area in the game scene according to a position of the first virtual character in the game scene; and in response to a preset skill release operation acting on the second touch area, updating the scene display area in the game scene at least according to a skill release direction corresponding to the preset skill release operation. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein updating the scene display area in the game scene at least according to the skill release direction corresponding to the preset skill release operation comprises:
determining an update direction of the scene display area in the game scene according to the skill release direction corresponding to the preset skill release operation, and updating the scene display area in the game scene along the update direction. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a virtual camera corresponding to the first virtual character is configured in the game scene, and the scene display area in the game scene is an area shot by the virtual camera. 4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein updating the scene display area in the game scene at least according to the skill release direction corresponding to the preset skill release operation comprises:
determining an adjustment direction of the virtual camera according to the release direction; controlling a movement of the virtual camera according to the adjustment direction; and updating the scene display area in the game scene according to the movement of the virtual camera. 5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein updating the scene display area in the game scene at least according to the skill release direction corresponding to the preset skill release operation comprises:
updating the scene display area in the game scene according to the skill release direction and at least one skill attribute corresponding to the preset skill release operation, the at least one skill attribute comprising an effect area of a skill release. 6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein updating the scene display area in the game scene at least according to the skill release direction and the at least one skill attribute corresponding to the preset skill release operation comprises:
determining an adjustment direction of the virtual camera according to the release direction; determining an adjustment position of the virtual camera according to the at least one skill attribute; controlling the movement of the virtual camera according to the adjustment direction and the adjustment position; and updating the scene display area in the game scene according to the movement of the virtual camera. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
detecting a second touch operation acting on a preset position of the graphical user interface; and controlling, according to the second touch operation, the scene display area to restore to a state before performing the preset skill release operation. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
when the skill release operation ends, controlling the scene display area to restore to a state before performing the preset skill release operation. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein updating the scene display area in the game scene at least according to the skill release direction corresponding to the preset skill release operation comprises:
determining the skill release direction according to an operation direction of the preset skill release operation; and updating the scene display area in the game scene according to the skill release direction. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein updating the scene display area in the game scene at least according to the skill release direction corresponding to the preset skill release operation comprises:
determining a skill release position according to an operation track of the preset skill release operation; determining the skill release direction according to the skill release position and the position of the first virtual character; and updating the scene display area in the game scene according to the skill release direction. 11. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein updating the scene display area in the game scene at least according to the skill release direction corresponding to the preset skill release operation comprises:
acquiring a position of a second virtual character in a preset range of the first virtual range; determining the skill release direction according to the preset skill release operation, the position of the first virtual character and the position of the second virtual character, and updating the scene display area in the game scene according to the skill release direction. 12. An in-game display control apparatus, applied to a mobile terminal having at least one processor for executing a software application and a touch screen which is rendered with a graphical user interface, a game scene of a game comprising a first virtual character and a scene display area, the scene display area being at least part of the game scene, contents rendered on the graphical user interface comprising the scene display area, the apparatus comprising:
a configuration component, configured to configure a first touch area and a second touch area on the graphical user interface; a control component, configured to, in response to a first touch operation acting on the first touch area, control a movement of the first virtual character in the game scene according to the first touch operation; a first update component, configured to update the scene display area in the game scene according to a position of the first virtual character in the game scene; and a second update component, configured to, in response to a preset skill release operation acting on the second touch area, update the scene display area in the game scene at least according to a skill release direction corresponding to the preset skill release operation. 13. A storage medium, comprising a stored program, wherein when the stored program is run, a device where the storage medium is located is controlled to perform the in-game display control method as claimed in claim 1. 14. A processor, configured to run a program, wherein the program is run to perform the in-game display control method as claimed in claim 1. 15. A terminal, comprising: at least one processor, a memory, a display device, and at least one program, wherein the at least one program is stored in the memory, and configured to be run by the at least one processor, the at least one program being configured to perform the in-game display control method as claimed in claim 1. 16. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first touch area is a direction control located on a lower left area of the graphical user interface, and the second touch area is a skill control located on a lower right area of the graphical user interface. 17. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein according to the adjustment direction, the virtual camera is controlled to move along the skill release direction from a current location of the first virtual character. 18. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the second touch operation is a touch operation acting on a specific cancellation control or a touch operation acting on any blank area on the graphical interface, or an operation of sliding to a preset position before the first touch operation ends. 19. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the scene display area in the game scene is updated by determining an update position or a shifting distance at any position between the skill release position and the position of the first virtual character. 20. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the scene display area in the game scene is updated by determining an update position or a shifting distance at any position in an area between the current location of the first virtual character and the current location of the second virtual character. | 2,600 |
338,953 | 16,799,843 | 2,685 | A pseudo static random access memory including a plurality of memory chips and an information storing device is provided. The memory chips transmit a plurality of read/write data strobe signals to a memory controller by using a same bus. Regardless of whether a self refresh collision occurs in the memory chips, when the memory chips perform a read operation, read latency of the memory chips is set to be a fixed period that self refresh is allowed to be completed. The fixed period is greater than initial latency. The information storing device is configured to store information which defines the fixed period. The read/write data strobe signal indicates whether the self refresh collision occurs in the memory chips, and a level of the read/write data strobe signals is constant during the read latency. A method for operating a pseudo static random access memory is also provided. | 1. A pseudo static random access memory, coupled to a memory controller, the pseudo static random access memory comprising:
a plurality of memory chips, transmitting a plurality of read/write data strobe signals to the memory controller by using a same bus, wherein, regardless of whether a self refresh collision occurs in the plurality of memory chips, when the plurality of memory chips perform a read operation, read latency of the plurality of memory chips is set to be a fixed period for allowing completion of self refresh, and the fixed period is greater than initial latency; and an information storing device, configured to store information defining the fixed period, wherein the plurality of read/write data strobe signals indicate whether the self refresh collision occurs in the plurality of memory chips, and levels of the plurality of read/write data strobe signals are constant during the read latency. 2. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 1, wherein the information storing device is a mode register. 3. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 1, wherein the information storing device is a non-volatile memory. 4. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 1, wherein the memory controller outputs a control signal to the plurality of memory chips; when the control signal changes from a first level to a second level, the plurality of memory chips output the plurality of read/write data strobe signals at the first level to the memory controller. 5. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of memory chips comprise a first memory chip and a second memory chip, the first memory chip is selected to perform the read operation, the second memory chip is not selected, and before the read latency, the read/write data strobe signal output by the first memory chip changes from the first level to the second level, and the read/write data strobe signal output by the second memory chip changes from the first level to a high-impedance state. 6. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 5, wherein a timing sequence when the first memory chip outputs the read/write data strobe signal at the second level is later than a timing sequence when a chip address is determined. 7. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 5, wherein the timing sequence that the first memory chip outputs the read/write data strobe signal at the second level is not earlier than a timing sequence that the second memory chip outputs the read/write data strobe signal in the high-impedance state. 8. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 1, wherein before the read latency, the memory controller outputs a control signal to the plurality of memory chips when the self refresh collision occurs in any one of the plurality of memory chips, and when the control signal changes from a first level to a second level, the plurality of read/write data strobe signals output by the plurality of memory chips are at a same level but are not at the first level. 9. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 8, wherein, the plurality of memory chips output the plurality of read/write data strobe signals at the second level to the memory controller when the control signal changes from the first level to the second level. 10. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of memory chips comprise a first memory chip and a second memory chip, the first memory chip is selected to perform the read operation, the second memory chip is not selected, the first memory chip outputs the read/write data strobe signal at the first level after the read latency ends, and the read/write data strobe signal of the second memory chip changes from the second level to a high-impedance state before the read latency. 11. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 8, wherein a read/write data strobe pin of each of the memory chips is in a high-impedance state when the control signal changes from the first level to the second level. 12. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of memory chips comprise a first memory chip and a second memory chip, the first memory chip is selected to perform the read operation, the second memory chip is not selected, the read/write data strobe signal output by the first memory chip changes from the high-impedance state to the second level after the read latency ends, and the read/write data strobe pin of the second memory chip remains in the high-impedance state before the read latency. 13. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 1, wherein each of the memory chips comprises a signal generation circuit, and the signal generation circuit is configured to generate the read/write data strobe signal or to enable a read/write data strobe pin of each of the memory chips to be in a high-impedance state. 14. A method for operating a pseudo static random access memory, wherein the pseudo static random access memory comprises a plurality of memory chips and an information storing device, and the method for operating the pseudo static random access memory comprises:
storing information defining a fixed period for allowing completion of self refresh in the information storing device; setting read latency of the plurality of memory chips to be the fixed period when the plurality of memory chips perform a read operation regardless of whether a self refresh collision occurs in the plurality of memory chips, wherein the fixed period is greater than initial latency; and transmitting a plurality of read/write data strobe signals to a memory controller by using a same bus, wherein the plurality of read/write data strobe signals indicate whether the self refresh collision occurs in the plurality of memory chips, and levels of the plurality of read/write data strobe signals are constant during the read latency. 15. The method for operating the pseudo static random access memory according to claim 14, further comprising:
receiving a control signal by the plurality of memory chips from a memory controller, when the control signal changes from a first level to a second level, outputting the plurality of read/write data strobe signals at the first level to the memory controller. 16. The method for operating the pseudo static random access memory according to claim 15,
wherein the plurality of memory chips comprise a first memory chip and a second memory chip, the first memory chip is selected to perform the read operation, the second memory chip is not selected, and before the read latency, the read/write data strobe signal output by the first memory chip changes from the first level to the second level, and the read/write data strobe signal output by the second memory chip changes from the first level to a high-impedance state. 17. The method for operating the pseudo static random access memory according to claim 16, wherein the timing sequence that the first memory chip outputs the read/write data strobe signal at the second level is not earlier than a timing sequence that the second memory chip outputs the read/write data strobe signal in the high-impedance state. 18. The method for operating the pseudo static random access memory according to claim 14, further comprising:
receiving a control signal by the plurality of memory chips from a memory controller, wherein the control signal changes from a first level to a second level when the self refresh collision occurs in any one of the plurality of memory chips before the read latency, and outputting the plurality of read/write data strobe signals at the second level to the memory controller when the control signal changes from the first level to the second level. 19. The method for operating the pseudo static random access memory according to claim 18,
wherein the plurality of memory chips comprise a first memory chip and a second memory chip, the first memory chip is selected to perform the read operation, the second memory chip is not selected, the first memory chip outputs the read/write data strobe signal at the first level after the read latency ends, and the read/write data strobe signal of the second memory chip changes from the second level to a high-impedance state before the read latency. 20. The method for operating the pseudo static random access memory according to claim 14, further comprising:
receiving a control signal by the plurality of memory chips from a memory controller, wherein the control signal changes from a first level to a second level when the self refresh collision occurs in any one of the plurality of memory chips before the read latency, and enabling a read/write data strobe pin of each of the memory chips to be in a high-impedance state when the control signal changes from the first level to the second level. | A pseudo static random access memory including a plurality of memory chips and an information storing device is provided. The memory chips transmit a plurality of read/write data strobe signals to a memory controller by using a same bus. Regardless of whether a self refresh collision occurs in the memory chips, when the memory chips perform a read operation, read latency of the memory chips is set to be a fixed period that self refresh is allowed to be completed. The fixed period is greater than initial latency. The information storing device is configured to store information which defines the fixed period. The read/write data strobe signal indicates whether the self refresh collision occurs in the memory chips, and a level of the read/write data strobe signals is constant during the read latency. A method for operating a pseudo static random access memory is also provided.1. A pseudo static random access memory, coupled to a memory controller, the pseudo static random access memory comprising:
a plurality of memory chips, transmitting a plurality of read/write data strobe signals to the memory controller by using a same bus, wherein, regardless of whether a self refresh collision occurs in the plurality of memory chips, when the plurality of memory chips perform a read operation, read latency of the plurality of memory chips is set to be a fixed period for allowing completion of self refresh, and the fixed period is greater than initial latency; and an information storing device, configured to store information defining the fixed period, wherein the plurality of read/write data strobe signals indicate whether the self refresh collision occurs in the plurality of memory chips, and levels of the plurality of read/write data strobe signals are constant during the read latency. 2. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 1, wherein the information storing device is a mode register. 3. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 1, wherein the information storing device is a non-volatile memory. 4. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 1, wherein the memory controller outputs a control signal to the plurality of memory chips; when the control signal changes from a first level to a second level, the plurality of memory chips output the plurality of read/write data strobe signals at the first level to the memory controller. 5. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of memory chips comprise a first memory chip and a second memory chip, the first memory chip is selected to perform the read operation, the second memory chip is not selected, and before the read latency, the read/write data strobe signal output by the first memory chip changes from the first level to the second level, and the read/write data strobe signal output by the second memory chip changes from the first level to a high-impedance state. 6. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 5, wherein a timing sequence when the first memory chip outputs the read/write data strobe signal at the second level is later than a timing sequence when a chip address is determined. 7. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 5, wherein the timing sequence that the first memory chip outputs the read/write data strobe signal at the second level is not earlier than a timing sequence that the second memory chip outputs the read/write data strobe signal in the high-impedance state. 8. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 1, wherein before the read latency, the memory controller outputs a control signal to the plurality of memory chips when the self refresh collision occurs in any one of the plurality of memory chips, and when the control signal changes from a first level to a second level, the plurality of read/write data strobe signals output by the plurality of memory chips are at a same level but are not at the first level. 9. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 8, wherein, the plurality of memory chips output the plurality of read/write data strobe signals at the second level to the memory controller when the control signal changes from the first level to the second level. 10. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of memory chips comprise a first memory chip and a second memory chip, the first memory chip is selected to perform the read operation, the second memory chip is not selected, the first memory chip outputs the read/write data strobe signal at the first level after the read latency ends, and the read/write data strobe signal of the second memory chip changes from the second level to a high-impedance state before the read latency. 11. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 8, wherein a read/write data strobe pin of each of the memory chips is in a high-impedance state when the control signal changes from the first level to the second level. 12. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of memory chips comprise a first memory chip and a second memory chip, the first memory chip is selected to perform the read operation, the second memory chip is not selected, the read/write data strobe signal output by the first memory chip changes from the high-impedance state to the second level after the read latency ends, and the read/write data strobe pin of the second memory chip remains in the high-impedance state before the read latency. 13. The pseudo static random access memory according to claim 1, wherein each of the memory chips comprises a signal generation circuit, and the signal generation circuit is configured to generate the read/write data strobe signal or to enable a read/write data strobe pin of each of the memory chips to be in a high-impedance state. 14. A method for operating a pseudo static random access memory, wherein the pseudo static random access memory comprises a plurality of memory chips and an information storing device, and the method for operating the pseudo static random access memory comprises:
storing information defining a fixed period for allowing completion of self refresh in the information storing device; setting read latency of the plurality of memory chips to be the fixed period when the plurality of memory chips perform a read operation regardless of whether a self refresh collision occurs in the plurality of memory chips, wherein the fixed period is greater than initial latency; and transmitting a plurality of read/write data strobe signals to a memory controller by using a same bus, wherein the plurality of read/write data strobe signals indicate whether the self refresh collision occurs in the plurality of memory chips, and levels of the plurality of read/write data strobe signals are constant during the read latency. 15. The method for operating the pseudo static random access memory according to claim 14, further comprising:
receiving a control signal by the plurality of memory chips from a memory controller, when the control signal changes from a first level to a second level, outputting the plurality of read/write data strobe signals at the first level to the memory controller. 16. The method for operating the pseudo static random access memory according to claim 15,
wherein the plurality of memory chips comprise a first memory chip and a second memory chip, the first memory chip is selected to perform the read operation, the second memory chip is not selected, and before the read latency, the read/write data strobe signal output by the first memory chip changes from the first level to the second level, and the read/write data strobe signal output by the second memory chip changes from the first level to a high-impedance state. 17. The method for operating the pseudo static random access memory according to claim 16, wherein the timing sequence that the first memory chip outputs the read/write data strobe signal at the second level is not earlier than a timing sequence that the second memory chip outputs the read/write data strobe signal in the high-impedance state. 18. The method for operating the pseudo static random access memory according to claim 14, further comprising:
receiving a control signal by the plurality of memory chips from a memory controller, wherein the control signal changes from a first level to a second level when the self refresh collision occurs in any one of the plurality of memory chips before the read latency, and outputting the plurality of read/write data strobe signals at the second level to the memory controller when the control signal changes from the first level to the second level. 19. The method for operating the pseudo static random access memory according to claim 18,
wherein the plurality of memory chips comprise a first memory chip and a second memory chip, the first memory chip is selected to perform the read operation, the second memory chip is not selected, the first memory chip outputs the read/write data strobe signal at the first level after the read latency ends, and the read/write data strobe signal of the second memory chip changes from the second level to a high-impedance state before the read latency. 20. The method for operating the pseudo static random access memory according to claim 14, further comprising:
receiving a control signal by the plurality of memory chips from a memory controller, wherein the control signal changes from a first level to a second level when the self refresh collision occurs in any one of the plurality of memory chips before the read latency, and enabling a read/write data strobe pin of each of the memory chips to be in a high-impedance state when the control signal changes from the first level to the second level. | 2,600 |
338,954 | 16,642,013 | 2,685 | A central lock for a folding tent includes a central lock rod, an upper lock plate fixedly disposed at one end of the central lock rod, and a lower lock plate assembly detachably connected to the other end of the central lock rod. An elastic locking member and an unlocking mechanism used to control the elastic locking member to be locked are disposed in the lower lock plate assembly. The elastic locking member includes an arc-shaped portion provided integrally and two horizontal locking rods extending inwards from a gap of the arc-shaped portion. A lower end portion of the central lock rod is provided with a locking groove used in cooperation with the locking rod and a clamping and locking portion located at a lower end of the locking groove. | 1. A central lock for a folding tent, the central lock comprising a central lock rod, an upper lock plate fixedly disposed at one end of the central lock rod, and a lower lock plate assembly (3) detachably connected to the other end of the central lock rod, wherein an elastic locking member and an unlocking mechanism used to control the elastic locking member to be locked are disposed in the lower lock plate assembly, the elastic locking member comprises an arc-shaped portion provided integrally and two horizontal locking rods extending inwards from a gap of the arc-shaped portion, and a lower end portion of the central lock rod is provided with a locking groove used in cooperation with the locking rods and a clamping and locking portion located at a lower end of the locking groove. 2. The central lock for the folding tent according to claim 1, wherein the lower lock plate assembly comprises an upper plate, an intermediate plate, and a lower plate, the upper plate is hingedly connected to a short tent bone, the upper plate is fixedly connected to the intermediate plate by a screw, a space used to place the elastic locking member (4) is disposed between the intermediate plate and the upper plate, the lower plate is sleeved on a lower end of the intermediate plate, guiding columns are symmetrically disposed on an outer wall of the lower end of the intermediate plate, and a guiding trough is provided at locations, corresponding to the guiding columns, of an inner wall of the lower plate; the unlocking mechanism comprises an unlocking block and an unlocking column fixedly disposed at a lower end of the unlocking block, the unlocking column extends through the intermediate plate to the lower plate and is then fixed by a screw, the unlocking block is in trapezoid shape, an upper end of the unlocking block has a width larger than that of the lower end of the unlocking block, and in a locked state, the low er end of the unlocking block is clamped at the gap of the elastic locking member. 3. The central lock for the folding tent according to claim 1, wherein the lower lock plate assembly comprises an upper plate and a central base, the upper plate and the central base are fixedly connected by a screw, a space used to place the elastic locking member is provided between the upper plate and an upper portion of the central base, and the unlocking mechanism extends through the central base to lock the elastic locking member. 4. The central lock for the folding tent according to claim 3, wherein the unlocking mechanism comprises an unlocking block, an unlocking column disposed at a lower end of the unlocking block, a compression spring sleeved on the unlocking column, a button cover, and an inclined conical surface block, the bottom cover is clamped on a bottom portion of the central base, the unlocking column is fixed on the button cover after extending through the central base, a cross section of the unlocking block is a triangle and a surface of an end of the unlocking block is arc-shaped, an intermediate portion of the arc-shaped portion of the elastic locking member abuts on an upper end of an arc-shaped surface of the unlocking block, and the inclined conical surface block is correspondingly disposed at the gap of the elastic locking member. 5. The central lock for the folding tent according to claim 3, wherein the unlocking mechanism comprises a columnar unlocking block, an unlocking column disposed at a lower portion of the columnar unlocking block, a compression spring, a pull ring, a pull ring fixing block, and an inclined conical surface block, the pull ring fixing block is fixedly disposed at a bottom portion of the central base, the compression spring is sleeved on the unlocking column, the pull ring is disposed at an end portion of the unlocking column after the unlocking column extends through the pull ring fixing block, a side surface of the columnar unlocking block is provided with an arc-shaped gap, an intermediate portion of the arc-shaped portion of the elastic locking member (4) abuts on a lower end of the arc-shaped gap, and the inclined conical surface block is correspondingly disposed at the gap of the elastic locking member. 6. The central lock for the folding tent according to claim 1, wherein a width of an end, of the inclined conical surface block, close to the gap of the elastic locking member is smaller, and a width of an end far away from the gap of the locking member is larger 7. The central lock for the folding tent according to claim 4, wherein the inclined conical surface block is disposed on a bottom surface of the upper plate or a surface of an upper end of the central base. 8. The central lock for the folding tent according to claim 2, wherein the lower lock plate assembly comprises the upper plate and a rotary base, a central shaft of a hollow structure is disposed on a lower bottom surface of the upper plate, a center hole through which the central shaft extends is provided on the rotary base, two outer annular installation grooves that are spaced apart are formed on an outer wall of the rotary base, two inner annular installation grooves are formed at locations, corresponding to the two outer annular installation grooves, of an outer wall of the central shaft, outer limit blocks are disposed between the two outer annular installation grooves, inner limit blocks are disposed between the two inner annular installation grooves, and after the elastic locking member enters from the outer annular installation grooves, outer sides of the gap of the elastic locking member respectively abut on the two outer limit blocks, and the two locking rods respectively abut on the two inner limit blocks. 9. The central lock for the folding tent according to claim 8, wherein a width between the two locking rods is not less than a width between the inner limit blocks. 10. The central lock for the folding tent according to claim 5, wherein a width of an end, of the inclined conical surface block, close to the gap of the elastic locking member is smaller, and a width of an end far away from the gap of the locking member is larger 11. The central lock for the folding tent according to claim 5, wherein the inclined conical surface block is disposed on a bottom surface of the upper plate or a surface of an upper end of the central base | A central lock for a folding tent includes a central lock rod, an upper lock plate fixedly disposed at one end of the central lock rod, and a lower lock plate assembly detachably connected to the other end of the central lock rod. An elastic locking member and an unlocking mechanism used to control the elastic locking member to be locked are disposed in the lower lock plate assembly. The elastic locking member includes an arc-shaped portion provided integrally and two horizontal locking rods extending inwards from a gap of the arc-shaped portion. A lower end portion of the central lock rod is provided with a locking groove used in cooperation with the locking rod and a clamping and locking portion located at a lower end of the locking groove.1. A central lock for a folding tent, the central lock comprising a central lock rod, an upper lock plate fixedly disposed at one end of the central lock rod, and a lower lock plate assembly (3) detachably connected to the other end of the central lock rod, wherein an elastic locking member and an unlocking mechanism used to control the elastic locking member to be locked are disposed in the lower lock plate assembly, the elastic locking member comprises an arc-shaped portion provided integrally and two horizontal locking rods extending inwards from a gap of the arc-shaped portion, and a lower end portion of the central lock rod is provided with a locking groove used in cooperation with the locking rods and a clamping and locking portion located at a lower end of the locking groove. 2. The central lock for the folding tent according to claim 1, wherein the lower lock plate assembly comprises an upper plate, an intermediate plate, and a lower plate, the upper plate is hingedly connected to a short tent bone, the upper plate is fixedly connected to the intermediate plate by a screw, a space used to place the elastic locking member (4) is disposed between the intermediate plate and the upper plate, the lower plate is sleeved on a lower end of the intermediate plate, guiding columns are symmetrically disposed on an outer wall of the lower end of the intermediate plate, and a guiding trough is provided at locations, corresponding to the guiding columns, of an inner wall of the lower plate; the unlocking mechanism comprises an unlocking block and an unlocking column fixedly disposed at a lower end of the unlocking block, the unlocking column extends through the intermediate plate to the lower plate and is then fixed by a screw, the unlocking block is in trapezoid shape, an upper end of the unlocking block has a width larger than that of the lower end of the unlocking block, and in a locked state, the low er end of the unlocking block is clamped at the gap of the elastic locking member. 3. The central lock for the folding tent according to claim 1, wherein the lower lock plate assembly comprises an upper plate and a central base, the upper plate and the central base are fixedly connected by a screw, a space used to place the elastic locking member is provided between the upper plate and an upper portion of the central base, and the unlocking mechanism extends through the central base to lock the elastic locking member. 4. The central lock for the folding tent according to claim 3, wherein the unlocking mechanism comprises an unlocking block, an unlocking column disposed at a lower end of the unlocking block, a compression spring sleeved on the unlocking column, a button cover, and an inclined conical surface block, the bottom cover is clamped on a bottom portion of the central base, the unlocking column is fixed on the button cover after extending through the central base, a cross section of the unlocking block is a triangle and a surface of an end of the unlocking block is arc-shaped, an intermediate portion of the arc-shaped portion of the elastic locking member abuts on an upper end of an arc-shaped surface of the unlocking block, and the inclined conical surface block is correspondingly disposed at the gap of the elastic locking member. 5. The central lock for the folding tent according to claim 3, wherein the unlocking mechanism comprises a columnar unlocking block, an unlocking column disposed at a lower portion of the columnar unlocking block, a compression spring, a pull ring, a pull ring fixing block, and an inclined conical surface block, the pull ring fixing block is fixedly disposed at a bottom portion of the central base, the compression spring is sleeved on the unlocking column, the pull ring is disposed at an end portion of the unlocking column after the unlocking column extends through the pull ring fixing block, a side surface of the columnar unlocking block is provided with an arc-shaped gap, an intermediate portion of the arc-shaped portion of the elastic locking member (4) abuts on a lower end of the arc-shaped gap, and the inclined conical surface block is correspondingly disposed at the gap of the elastic locking member. 6. The central lock for the folding tent according to claim 1, wherein a width of an end, of the inclined conical surface block, close to the gap of the elastic locking member is smaller, and a width of an end far away from the gap of the locking member is larger 7. The central lock for the folding tent according to claim 4, wherein the inclined conical surface block is disposed on a bottom surface of the upper plate or a surface of an upper end of the central base. 8. The central lock for the folding tent according to claim 2, wherein the lower lock plate assembly comprises the upper plate and a rotary base, a central shaft of a hollow structure is disposed on a lower bottom surface of the upper plate, a center hole through which the central shaft extends is provided on the rotary base, two outer annular installation grooves that are spaced apart are formed on an outer wall of the rotary base, two inner annular installation grooves are formed at locations, corresponding to the two outer annular installation grooves, of an outer wall of the central shaft, outer limit blocks are disposed between the two outer annular installation grooves, inner limit blocks are disposed between the two inner annular installation grooves, and after the elastic locking member enters from the outer annular installation grooves, outer sides of the gap of the elastic locking member respectively abut on the two outer limit blocks, and the two locking rods respectively abut on the two inner limit blocks. 9. The central lock for the folding tent according to claim 8, wherein a width between the two locking rods is not less than a width between the inner limit blocks. 10. The central lock for the folding tent according to claim 5, wherein a width of an end, of the inclined conical surface block, close to the gap of the elastic locking member is smaller, and a width of an end far away from the gap of the locking member is larger 11. The central lock for the folding tent according to claim 5, wherein the inclined conical surface block is disposed on a bottom surface of the upper plate or a surface of an upper end of the central base | 2,600 |
338,955 | 16,642,009 | 2,685 | A quadrifilar helical antenna includes a conical supporting medium, a feed network, and four sets of antenna composite elements. Each set of antenna composite element includes at least one short-circuit helical arm and at least one open-circuit helical arm. The short-circuit helical arm and the open-circuit helical arm in each set of antenna composite element are sequentially wound on an outer wall of the conical supporting medium in one winding direction. In an axial direction of the conical supporting medium, a projection length of the short-circuit helical arm is greater than that of the open-circuit helical arm in each set of antenna composite element. The four sets of antenna composite elements are respectively coupled to a feeding point of the feed network for feeding, and the short-circuit helical arms in the four sets of antenna composite elements are in short-circuit connection. The antenna provided by embodiments of the present disclosure can efficiently improve the gain and gain bandwidth of the antenna under the condition that total occupation space is limited. | 1. A quadrifilar helical antenna, comprising: a conical supporting medium, a feed network, and four sets of antenna composite elements, wherein
each set of antenna composite element comprises: at least one short-circuit helical arm and at least one open-circuit helical arm, wherein the short-circuit helical arm and the open-circuit helical arm in each set of antenna composite element are sequentially wound on an outer wall of the conical supporting medium in one winding direction; in an axial direction of the conical supporting medium, a projection length of the short-circuit helical arm is greater than that of the open-circuit helical arm in each set of antenna composite element; and the four sets of antenna composite elements are respectively coupled to a feeding point of the feed network for feeding, and the short-circuit helical arms in the four sets of antenna composite elements are in short-circuit connection. 2. The quadrifilar helical antenna of claim 1, wherein a cross-sectional area of one end of the conical supporting medium is smaller than that of the other end of the conical supporting medium, and transition between the two ends is smooth. 3. The quadrifilar helical antenna of claim 2, wherein the conical supporting medium structurally comprises: a cone, a circular truncated cone, or a circular truncated cone with one end provided with a cylinder having a matched diameter. 4. The quadrifilar helical antenna of claim 2, wherein the conical supporting medium structurally comprises: a conical barrel, a conical pipe, or a conical pipe with one end provided with a cylindrical barrel having a matched diameter. 5. The quadrifilar helical antenna of claim 1, wherein free ends of any one or more of the open-circuit helical arms take a form of serpentine traces;
and/or; any one or more of the short-circuit helical arms take a form of serpentine traces. 6. The quadrifilar helical antenna of claim 1, further comprising: a short-circuit metal connector; wherein
the short-circuit metal connector is disposed at an end part of any end of the conical supporting medium; and the short-circuit helical arms in the four sets of the antenna composite elements are in short-circuit connection through the short-circuit metal connector. 7. The quadrifilar helical antenna of claim 1, wherein the feed network is positioned at an end part of any end of the conical supporting medium. 8. The quadrifilar helical antenna of claim 7, wherein any one or more sets of antenna composite elements are coupled to the feeding point of the feed network by direct connection and/or ohmic connection for feeding. 9. The quadrifilar helical antenna of claim 8, wherein the short-circuit helical arms and the open-circuit helical arms in any one or more sets of antenna composite elements are connected by a conductive connector on which the feeding point is positioned. 10. The quadrifilar helical antenna of claim 8, wherein
the short-circuit helical arms in any one or more sets of antenna composite elements are electrically connected to the feeding point, and the open-circuit helical arms are grounded; and/or, the open-circuit helical arms in any one or more sets of antenna composite elements are connected to the feeding point, and the short-circuit helical arms are grounded. | A quadrifilar helical antenna includes a conical supporting medium, a feed network, and four sets of antenna composite elements. Each set of antenna composite element includes at least one short-circuit helical arm and at least one open-circuit helical arm. The short-circuit helical arm and the open-circuit helical arm in each set of antenna composite element are sequentially wound on an outer wall of the conical supporting medium in one winding direction. In an axial direction of the conical supporting medium, a projection length of the short-circuit helical arm is greater than that of the open-circuit helical arm in each set of antenna composite element. The four sets of antenna composite elements are respectively coupled to a feeding point of the feed network for feeding, and the short-circuit helical arms in the four sets of antenna composite elements are in short-circuit connection. The antenna provided by embodiments of the present disclosure can efficiently improve the gain and gain bandwidth of the antenna under the condition that total occupation space is limited.1. A quadrifilar helical antenna, comprising: a conical supporting medium, a feed network, and four sets of antenna composite elements, wherein
each set of antenna composite element comprises: at least one short-circuit helical arm and at least one open-circuit helical arm, wherein the short-circuit helical arm and the open-circuit helical arm in each set of antenna composite element are sequentially wound on an outer wall of the conical supporting medium in one winding direction; in an axial direction of the conical supporting medium, a projection length of the short-circuit helical arm is greater than that of the open-circuit helical arm in each set of antenna composite element; and the four sets of antenna composite elements are respectively coupled to a feeding point of the feed network for feeding, and the short-circuit helical arms in the four sets of antenna composite elements are in short-circuit connection. 2. The quadrifilar helical antenna of claim 1, wherein a cross-sectional area of one end of the conical supporting medium is smaller than that of the other end of the conical supporting medium, and transition between the two ends is smooth. 3. The quadrifilar helical antenna of claim 2, wherein the conical supporting medium structurally comprises: a cone, a circular truncated cone, or a circular truncated cone with one end provided with a cylinder having a matched diameter. 4. The quadrifilar helical antenna of claim 2, wherein the conical supporting medium structurally comprises: a conical barrel, a conical pipe, or a conical pipe with one end provided with a cylindrical barrel having a matched diameter. 5. The quadrifilar helical antenna of claim 1, wherein free ends of any one or more of the open-circuit helical arms take a form of serpentine traces;
and/or; any one or more of the short-circuit helical arms take a form of serpentine traces. 6. The quadrifilar helical antenna of claim 1, further comprising: a short-circuit metal connector; wherein
the short-circuit metal connector is disposed at an end part of any end of the conical supporting medium; and the short-circuit helical arms in the four sets of the antenna composite elements are in short-circuit connection through the short-circuit metal connector. 7. The quadrifilar helical antenna of claim 1, wherein the feed network is positioned at an end part of any end of the conical supporting medium. 8. The quadrifilar helical antenna of claim 7, wherein any one or more sets of antenna composite elements are coupled to the feeding point of the feed network by direct connection and/or ohmic connection for feeding. 9. The quadrifilar helical antenna of claim 8, wherein the short-circuit helical arms and the open-circuit helical arms in any one or more sets of antenna composite elements are connected by a conductive connector on which the feeding point is positioned. 10. The quadrifilar helical antenna of claim 8, wherein
the short-circuit helical arms in any one or more sets of antenna composite elements are electrically connected to the feeding point, and the open-circuit helical arms are grounded; and/or, the open-circuit helical arms in any one or more sets of antenna composite elements are connected to the feeding point, and the short-circuit helical arms are grounded. | 2,600 |
338,956 | 16,641,979 | 2,685 | A method for manufacturing a ray detector array substrate is provided, comprising: forming a thin film transistor, a first data line and a receiving electrode on a base substrate; forming a first passivation layer on the base substrate; forming a first via hole and a second via hole in regions of the first passivation layer corresponding to the first data line and the receiving electrode, respectively; forming a photoelectric conversion layer covering the first passivation layer on the base substrate, the first via hole and the second via hole being filled with a material of the photoelectric conversion layer; etching the photoelectric conversion layer to retain a first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer inside the first via hole, and a second portion of the photoelectric conversion layer above and corresponding to the second via hole. | 1. A method for manufacturing a ray detector array substrate, comprising:
forming a thin film transistor, a first data line and a receiving electrode on a base substrate, the first data line and the receiving electrode being electrically connected to a source or a drain of the thin film transistor, respectively; forming a first passivation layer on the base substrate, the first passivation layer covering the thin film transistor, the first data line, and the receiving electrode; forming a first via hole and a second via hole in regions of the first passivation layer corresponding to the first data line and the receiving electrode, respectively; forming a photoelectric conversion layer covering the first passivation layer on the base substrate, the first via hole and the second via hole being filled with a material of the photoelectric conversion layer, and etching the photoelectric conversion layer to retain a first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer inside the first via hole, and a second portion of the photoelectric conversion layer above and corresponding to the second via hole. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
forming a first conductive layer on the second portion of the photoelectric conversion layer; forming a resin layer and a second passivation layer successively, the resin layer and the second passivation layer covering the first conductive layer, the first passivation layer, and the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer; etching the resin layer and the second passivation layer to form a third via hole above the first via hole, and form a fourth via hole above the second via hole, the third via hole exposing the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer in the first via hole, and the fourth via hole exposing at least a portion of the first conductive layer. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the etching the photoelectric conversion layer to retain the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer inside the first via hole, and a second portion of the photoelectric conversion layer above and corresponding to the second via hole comprises:
forming, on the photoelectric conversion layer covering the first passivation layer, a first photoresist sub-layer having a first thickness and a second photoresist sub-layer having a second thickness, respectively, the second thickness being greater than the first thickness, the first photoresist sub-layer corresponding to the first via hole, the second photoresist sub-layer corresponding to the second via hole; etching regions of the photoelectric conversion layer not covered by the first photoresist sub-layer and the second photoresist sub-layer, so that a thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer in the regions is reduced by a preset value; performing ashing treatment on the first photoresist sub-layer and the second photoresist sub-layer to remove the first photoresist sub-layer and reduce a thickness of the second photoresist sub-layer, and etching the photoelectric conversion layer outside the second photoresist sub-layer at a same etching rate to only retain the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer inside the first via hole. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the forming the first photoresist sub-layer having the first thickness and the second photoresist sub-layer having the second thickness comprises:
forming a photoresist layer with a uniform thickness on the photoelectric conversion layer covering the first passivation layer, the photoresist layer covering the photoelectric conversion layer, and performing a half-tone mask exposure process on the photoresist layer to form the first photoresist sub-layer above the first via hole, and form the second photoresist sub-layer above the second via hole. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the preset thickness is ⅓ of a thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer. 6. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
forming a second data line, a light shielding layer and a shielding electrode on the second passivation layer, the second data line being electrically connected to the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer through the third via hole, the light shielding layer corresponding to an active layer of the thin film transistor, the shielding electrode being electrically connected to the first conductive layer through the fourth via hole; forming a third passivation layer, the third passivation layer covering the second passivation layer on which the second data line, the light shielding layer, and the shielding electrode have been formed; forming a fifth via hole in the third passivation layer, the fifth via hole exposing at least a part of the shielding electrode, and forming a second conductive layer on the third passivation layer, the second conductive layer being connected to the shielding electrode through the fifth via hole. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forming the photoelectric conversion layer covering the first passivation layer on the base substrate comprises:
forming N-type amorphous silicon, I-type amorphous silicon, and P-type amorphous silicon successively on the first passivation layer, the first via hole and the second via hole being filled with the N-type amorphous silicon. 8. A ray detector array substrate comprising:
a base substrate, and a thin film transistor, a first data line, and a receiving electrode on the base substrate, the first data line and the receiving electrode being electrically connected to a source or a drain of the thin film transistor, respectively; a first passivation layer disposed on the base substrate and covering the thin film transistor, the first passivation layer comprising a first via hole and a second via hole, the first via hole corresponding to a region of the first data line, the second via hole corresponding to a region of the receiving electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer, the photoelectric conversion layer comprising a first portion in the first via hole and a second portion in the second via hole, the first portion being electrically connected to the first data line, the second portion being electrically connected to the receiving electrode. 9. The ray detector array substrate according to claim 8, further comprising:
a first conductive layer disposed on a side of the second portion of the photoelectric conversion layer facing away the receiving electrode; a resin layer covering the first conductive layer, the first passivation layer and the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer, and a second passivation layer above the resin layer, wherein the resin layer and the second passivation layer comprise a third via hole and a fourth via hole, the third via hole penetrating to the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer in a thickness direction of the resin layer, the fourth via hole penetrating to the first conductive layer in the thickness direction of the resin layer. 10. The ray detector array substrate according to claim 9, further comprising:
a second data line, a light shielding layer and a shielding electrode disposed on the second passivation layer, the second data line being electrically connected to the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer through the third via hole, the light shielding layer corresponding to an active layer of the thin film transistor, the shielding electrode being electrically connected to the first conductive layer through the fourth via hole; a third passivation layer, the third passivation layer covering the second passivation layer, and the second data line, the light shielding layer and the shielding electrode on the second passivation layer, the third passivation layer comprises a fifth via hole, and a second conductive layer, the second conductive layer being electrically connected to the shielding electrode through the fifth via hole. 11. The ray detector array substrate according to claim 8, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer comprises N-type amorphous silicon, I-type amorphous and P-type amorphous silicon disposed on the first passivation layer successively, and the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer comprises the N-type amorphous silicon. 12. The ray detector array substrate according to claim 11, wherein the resin layer is adhered to the first passivation layer and the first conductive layer through a resin adhesive layer. 13. A ray detector, comprising the ray detector array substrate according to claim 8. 14. A ray detector array substrate manufactured by the method according to claim 1. 15. The ray detector according to claim 13, wherein the ray detector array substrate further comprising:
a first conductive layer disposed on a side of the second portion of the photoelectric conversion layer facing away the receiving electrode; a resin layer covering the first conductive layer, the first passivation layer and the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer, and a second passivation layer above the resin layer, wherein the resin layer and the second passivation layer comprise a third via hole and a fourth via hole, the third via hole penetrating to the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer in a thickness direction of the resin layer, the fourth via hole penetrating to the first conductive layer in the thickness direction of the resin layer. 16. The ray detector according to claim 15, wherein the ray detector array substrate further comprises:
a second data line, a light shielding layer and a shielding electrode disposed on the second passivation layer, the second data line being electrically connected to the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer through the third via hole, the light shielding layer corresponding to an active layer of the thin film transistor, the shielding electrode being electrically connected to the first conductive layer through the fourth via hole; a third passivation layer, the third passivation layer covering the second passivation layer, and the second data line, the light shielding layer and the shielding electrode on the second passivation layer, the third passivation layer comprises a fifth via hole, and a second conductive layer, the second conductive layer being electrically connected to the shielding electrode through the fifth via hole. 17. The ray detector according to claim 13, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer comprises N-type amorphous silicon, I-type amorphous and P-type amorphous silicon disposed on the first passivation layer successively, and the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer comprises the N-type amorphous silicon. 18. The ray detector according to claim 17, wherein the resin layer is adhered to the first passivation layer and the first conductive layer through a resin adhesive layer. | A method for manufacturing a ray detector array substrate is provided, comprising: forming a thin film transistor, a first data line and a receiving electrode on a base substrate; forming a first passivation layer on the base substrate; forming a first via hole and a second via hole in regions of the first passivation layer corresponding to the first data line and the receiving electrode, respectively; forming a photoelectric conversion layer covering the first passivation layer on the base substrate, the first via hole and the second via hole being filled with a material of the photoelectric conversion layer; etching the photoelectric conversion layer to retain a first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer inside the first via hole, and a second portion of the photoelectric conversion layer above and corresponding to the second via hole.1. A method for manufacturing a ray detector array substrate, comprising:
forming a thin film transistor, a first data line and a receiving electrode on a base substrate, the first data line and the receiving electrode being electrically connected to a source or a drain of the thin film transistor, respectively; forming a first passivation layer on the base substrate, the first passivation layer covering the thin film transistor, the first data line, and the receiving electrode; forming a first via hole and a second via hole in regions of the first passivation layer corresponding to the first data line and the receiving electrode, respectively; forming a photoelectric conversion layer covering the first passivation layer on the base substrate, the first via hole and the second via hole being filled with a material of the photoelectric conversion layer, and etching the photoelectric conversion layer to retain a first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer inside the first via hole, and a second portion of the photoelectric conversion layer above and corresponding to the second via hole. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
forming a first conductive layer on the second portion of the photoelectric conversion layer; forming a resin layer and a second passivation layer successively, the resin layer and the second passivation layer covering the first conductive layer, the first passivation layer, and the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer; etching the resin layer and the second passivation layer to form a third via hole above the first via hole, and form a fourth via hole above the second via hole, the third via hole exposing the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer in the first via hole, and the fourth via hole exposing at least a portion of the first conductive layer. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the etching the photoelectric conversion layer to retain the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer inside the first via hole, and a second portion of the photoelectric conversion layer above and corresponding to the second via hole comprises:
forming, on the photoelectric conversion layer covering the first passivation layer, a first photoresist sub-layer having a first thickness and a second photoresist sub-layer having a second thickness, respectively, the second thickness being greater than the first thickness, the first photoresist sub-layer corresponding to the first via hole, the second photoresist sub-layer corresponding to the second via hole; etching regions of the photoelectric conversion layer not covered by the first photoresist sub-layer and the second photoresist sub-layer, so that a thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer in the regions is reduced by a preset value; performing ashing treatment on the first photoresist sub-layer and the second photoresist sub-layer to remove the first photoresist sub-layer and reduce a thickness of the second photoresist sub-layer, and etching the photoelectric conversion layer outside the second photoresist sub-layer at a same etching rate to only retain the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer inside the first via hole. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the forming the first photoresist sub-layer having the first thickness and the second photoresist sub-layer having the second thickness comprises:
forming a photoresist layer with a uniform thickness on the photoelectric conversion layer covering the first passivation layer, the photoresist layer covering the photoelectric conversion layer, and performing a half-tone mask exposure process on the photoresist layer to form the first photoresist sub-layer above the first via hole, and form the second photoresist sub-layer above the second via hole. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the preset thickness is ⅓ of a thickness of the photoelectric conversion layer. 6. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
forming a second data line, a light shielding layer and a shielding electrode on the second passivation layer, the second data line being electrically connected to the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer through the third via hole, the light shielding layer corresponding to an active layer of the thin film transistor, the shielding electrode being electrically connected to the first conductive layer through the fourth via hole; forming a third passivation layer, the third passivation layer covering the second passivation layer on which the second data line, the light shielding layer, and the shielding electrode have been formed; forming a fifth via hole in the third passivation layer, the fifth via hole exposing at least a part of the shielding electrode, and forming a second conductive layer on the third passivation layer, the second conductive layer being connected to the shielding electrode through the fifth via hole. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forming the photoelectric conversion layer covering the first passivation layer on the base substrate comprises:
forming N-type amorphous silicon, I-type amorphous silicon, and P-type amorphous silicon successively on the first passivation layer, the first via hole and the second via hole being filled with the N-type amorphous silicon. 8. A ray detector array substrate comprising:
a base substrate, and a thin film transistor, a first data line, and a receiving electrode on the base substrate, the first data line and the receiving electrode being electrically connected to a source or a drain of the thin film transistor, respectively; a first passivation layer disposed on the base substrate and covering the thin film transistor, the first passivation layer comprising a first via hole and a second via hole, the first via hole corresponding to a region of the first data line, the second via hole corresponding to a region of the receiving electrode, and a photoelectric conversion layer, the photoelectric conversion layer comprising a first portion in the first via hole and a second portion in the second via hole, the first portion being electrically connected to the first data line, the second portion being electrically connected to the receiving electrode. 9. The ray detector array substrate according to claim 8, further comprising:
a first conductive layer disposed on a side of the second portion of the photoelectric conversion layer facing away the receiving electrode; a resin layer covering the first conductive layer, the first passivation layer and the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer, and a second passivation layer above the resin layer, wherein the resin layer and the second passivation layer comprise a third via hole and a fourth via hole, the third via hole penetrating to the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer in a thickness direction of the resin layer, the fourth via hole penetrating to the first conductive layer in the thickness direction of the resin layer. 10. The ray detector array substrate according to claim 9, further comprising:
a second data line, a light shielding layer and a shielding electrode disposed on the second passivation layer, the second data line being electrically connected to the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer through the third via hole, the light shielding layer corresponding to an active layer of the thin film transistor, the shielding electrode being electrically connected to the first conductive layer through the fourth via hole; a third passivation layer, the third passivation layer covering the second passivation layer, and the second data line, the light shielding layer and the shielding electrode on the second passivation layer, the third passivation layer comprises a fifth via hole, and a second conductive layer, the second conductive layer being electrically connected to the shielding electrode through the fifth via hole. 11. The ray detector array substrate according to claim 8, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer comprises N-type amorphous silicon, I-type amorphous and P-type amorphous silicon disposed on the first passivation layer successively, and the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer comprises the N-type amorphous silicon. 12. The ray detector array substrate according to claim 11, wherein the resin layer is adhered to the first passivation layer and the first conductive layer through a resin adhesive layer. 13. A ray detector, comprising the ray detector array substrate according to claim 8. 14. A ray detector array substrate manufactured by the method according to claim 1. 15. The ray detector according to claim 13, wherein the ray detector array substrate further comprising:
a first conductive layer disposed on a side of the second portion of the photoelectric conversion layer facing away the receiving electrode; a resin layer covering the first conductive layer, the first passivation layer and the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer, and a second passivation layer above the resin layer, wherein the resin layer and the second passivation layer comprise a third via hole and a fourth via hole, the third via hole penetrating to the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer in a thickness direction of the resin layer, the fourth via hole penetrating to the first conductive layer in the thickness direction of the resin layer. 16. The ray detector according to claim 15, wherein the ray detector array substrate further comprises:
a second data line, a light shielding layer and a shielding electrode disposed on the second passivation layer, the second data line being electrically connected to the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer through the third via hole, the light shielding layer corresponding to an active layer of the thin film transistor, the shielding electrode being electrically connected to the first conductive layer through the fourth via hole; a third passivation layer, the third passivation layer covering the second passivation layer, and the second data line, the light shielding layer and the shielding electrode on the second passivation layer, the third passivation layer comprises a fifth via hole, and a second conductive layer, the second conductive layer being electrically connected to the shielding electrode through the fifth via hole. 17. The ray detector according to claim 13, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer comprises N-type amorphous silicon, I-type amorphous and P-type amorphous silicon disposed on the first passivation layer successively, and the first portion of the photoelectric conversion layer comprises the N-type amorphous silicon. 18. The ray detector according to claim 17, wherein the resin layer is adhered to the first passivation layer and the first conductive layer through a resin adhesive layer. | 2,600 |
338,957 | 16,642,004 | 2,685 | Disclosed is a vehicle control device which comprises a traveling course control part 10a to update a target traveling course R, and an automatic emergency avoidance control part (10b, 10e) to execute automatic emergency avoidance control processing for automatically operating a given control system to avoid collision with an obstacle. The part 10a corrects the target traveling course R to calculate plural corrected traveling course candidates for avoiding the obstacle, and evaluates the candidates by an evaluation function J to select one of the candidates as a corrected traveling course. The part 10a generates a first request signal for allowing the vehicle 1 to travel along the corrected traveling course. The emergency avoidance course control part (10b, 10e) generates a second request signal. The vehicle control device further comprises an output control part 10d to output the first or second request signal to the given control system. | 1. A vehicle control device comprising:
a traveling course control part to iteratively update a target traveling course of a vehicle; and an automatic emergency avoidance control part to execute automatic emergency avoidance control processing for automatically operating a given control system including at least one of an engine control system, a brake control system and a steering control system of the vehicle to avoid collision with an obstacle, wherein the traveling course control part is configured to, upon detection of the obstacle, execute traveling course correction processing of correcting the target traveling course so as to avoid the obstacle, wherein the traveling course control part is configured to, in the traveling course correction processing, set a speed distribution area extending at least from the obstacle toward the vehicle and defining a distribution of an allowable upper limit of a relative speed of the vehicle with respect to the obstacle, wherein the allowable upper limit in the speed distribution area is set such that it becomes larger as the distance from the obstacle becomes larger; correct the target traveling course to calculate a plurality of corrected traveling course candidates on which the vehicle travels in the speed distribution area such that the relative speed of the vehicle with respect to the obstacle does not exceed the allowable upper limit in the speed distribution area; and evaluate the corrected traveling course candidates with respect to the target traveling course by a given evaluation function to select one of the corrected traveling course candidates as a corrected traveling course according to the evaluation, and wherein the traveling course control part is configured to generate a first request signal for the given control system to allow the vehicle to travel along the corrected traveling course; and the automatic emergency avoidance control part is configured to execute the automatic emergency avoidance control processing, independently of the traveling course control part, to generate a second request signal for the given control system, and wherein the vehicle control device further comprises an output control part to receive each of the first request signal and the second request signal from a corresponding one of the traveling course control part and the automatic emergency avoidance control part, wherein the output control part is configured to output the first request signal or the second request signal to the given control system. 2. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 1, wherein the output control part is configured to output the second request signal in priority to the first request signal. 3. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 2, wherein the automatic emergency avoidance control processing is automatic anti-course-deviation control processing for operating the steering control system to avoid collision with an obstacle. 4. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 3, wherein, in the automatic anti-course-deviation control processing, the second request signal is not generated if the possibility of collision with the obstacle is low, even when the vehicle is determined to deviate from a driveling lane. 5. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 4, wherein the traveling course correction processing and the automatic emergency avoidance control processing are executed within a given calculation cycle period by a single CPU. | Disclosed is a vehicle control device which comprises a traveling course control part 10a to update a target traveling course R, and an automatic emergency avoidance control part (10b, 10e) to execute automatic emergency avoidance control processing for automatically operating a given control system to avoid collision with an obstacle. The part 10a corrects the target traveling course R to calculate plural corrected traveling course candidates for avoiding the obstacle, and evaluates the candidates by an evaluation function J to select one of the candidates as a corrected traveling course. The part 10a generates a first request signal for allowing the vehicle 1 to travel along the corrected traveling course. The emergency avoidance course control part (10b, 10e) generates a second request signal. The vehicle control device further comprises an output control part 10d to output the first or second request signal to the given control system.1. A vehicle control device comprising:
a traveling course control part to iteratively update a target traveling course of a vehicle; and an automatic emergency avoidance control part to execute automatic emergency avoidance control processing for automatically operating a given control system including at least one of an engine control system, a brake control system and a steering control system of the vehicle to avoid collision with an obstacle, wherein the traveling course control part is configured to, upon detection of the obstacle, execute traveling course correction processing of correcting the target traveling course so as to avoid the obstacle, wherein the traveling course control part is configured to, in the traveling course correction processing, set a speed distribution area extending at least from the obstacle toward the vehicle and defining a distribution of an allowable upper limit of a relative speed of the vehicle with respect to the obstacle, wherein the allowable upper limit in the speed distribution area is set such that it becomes larger as the distance from the obstacle becomes larger; correct the target traveling course to calculate a plurality of corrected traveling course candidates on which the vehicle travels in the speed distribution area such that the relative speed of the vehicle with respect to the obstacle does not exceed the allowable upper limit in the speed distribution area; and evaluate the corrected traveling course candidates with respect to the target traveling course by a given evaluation function to select one of the corrected traveling course candidates as a corrected traveling course according to the evaluation, and wherein the traveling course control part is configured to generate a first request signal for the given control system to allow the vehicle to travel along the corrected traveling course; and the automatic emergency avoidance control part is configured to execute the automatic emergency avoidance control processing, independently of the traveling course control part, to generate a second request signal for the given control system, and wherein the vehicle control device further comprises an output control part to receive each of the first request signal and the second request signal from a corresponding one of the traveling course control part and the automatic emergency avoidance control part, wherein the output control part is configured to output the first request signal or the second request signal to the given control system. 2. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 1, wherein the output control part is configured to output the second request signal in priority to the first request signal. 3. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 2, wherein the automatic emergency avoidance control processing is automatic anti-course-deviation control processing for operating the steering control system to avoid collision with an obstacle. 4. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 3, wherein, in the automatic anti-course-deviation control processing, the second request signal is not generated if the possibility of collision with the obstacle is low, even when the vehicle is determined to deviate from a driveling lane. 5. The vehicle control device as recited in claim 4, wherein the traveling course correction processing and the automatic emergency avoidance control processing are executed within a given calculation cycle period by a single CPU. | 2,600 |
338,958 | 16,642,000 | 2,685 | A universal charging and drying station includes a main unit and a hearing aid charger. The main unit includes a main casing, a lid, a hearing aid dryer, and a control circuitry. The hearing aid charging includes at least one interchangeable adapter unit, which includes a receptacle connector, a charging adapter and a connecting module. The connecting module has an adapter terminal electrically connecting to the hearing aid, and a plurality of connecting members detachably connected to the receptacle connector of the main casing. The interchangeable adapter unit may be operated between a charging mode and an interchangeable mode, wherein in the charging mode, the connecting module is electrically connected to the receptacle connector through the connecting members for charging the hearing aid, wherein in the interchangeable mode, the connecting module is detached from the receptacle connector for interchange of the interchangeable adapter unit. | 1. (canceled) 2. A universal charging and drying station for a hearing aid having a hearing aid unit and an earbud, comprising:
a main unit, which comprises: a main casing having a driving platform for supporting said earbud: a lid movably provided on said main casing for defining a utility compartment; a hearing aid dryer supported in said main casing for drying said hearing aid on said drying platform: and a control circuitry supported in said main casing and electrically connected to said hearing aid dryer; and a hearing aid charger, which comprises. a receptacle connector supported by said main casing and electrically connected to said control circuitry, and at least one interchangeable adapter unit, which comprises; a charging adapter, and a connecting module supported by said charging adapter, said connecting module having at least one adapter terminal electrically connecting to said hearing aid, and at least one connecting member electrically connected to said receptacle connector, said interchangeable adapter unit being operated between a charging mode and an interchangeable mode, wherein in said charging mode, said connecting module is electrically connected to said receptacle connector through said connecting member for charging said hearing aid, wherein in said interchangeable mode, said connecting module is electrically disconnected from said receptacle connector for interchange of said interchangeable adapter unit. wherein said control circuitry comprises a printed circuit board and a control circuit implemented on said printed circuit board, said receptacle connector comprises a plurality of connector terminals detachably connected to said charging adapter, said connector terminals being provided on said printed circuit board. 3. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 2, wherein said main casing further has a through receptacle slot formed on said utility platform at a position corresponding to that of the receptacle connector, so that said receptacle connector is exposed to said utility compartment through said receptacle slot. 4. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 2, wherein said connecting module comprises a connecting circuit supported by said corresponding charging adapter wherein said adapter terminals are formed as electrical contacts of said connecting circuit, said connecting module further comprising a plurality of connecting members electrically and detachably connected to said connector terminals of said receptacle connector. 5. A universal charging and drying station for a hearing aid having a hearing aid unit and an earbud. comprising:
a main unit which comprises: a main casing having a drying platform for supporting said earbud; a lid movably provided on said main casing for defining a utility compartment; a hearing aid dryer supported in said main casing for drying said hearing aid on said drying platform; and a control circuitry supported in said main casing and electrically connected to said hearing aid dryer; and a hearing aid charger, which comprises: a receptacle connector supported by said main casing and electrically connected to said control circuitry; and at least one interchangeable adapter unit, which comprises; a charging adapter, a connecting module supported by said charging adapter, said connecting module having at least one adapter terminal electrically connecting to said hearing aid, and at least one connecting member electrically connected to said receptacle connector, said interchangeable adapter unit being operated between a charging mode and an interchangeable mode, wherein in said charging mode, said connecting module is electrically connected to said receptacle connector through said connecting member for charging said hearing aid, wherein in said interchangeable mode, said connecting module is electrically disconnected from said receptacle connector for interchange of said interchangeable adapter unit, and a temperature control arrangement, which comprises a partitioning member provided on said main casing to divide said utility compartment into a drying chamber for accommodating at least one earbud of said hearing aid, and a charging chamber for accommodating at least said hearing aid unit of said hearing aid. at least one interchangeable adapter unit, which composes: 6. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 4, further comprising a temperature control arrangement, which comprises a partitioning member provided in said utility compartment to divide said utility compartment into a drying chamber for accommodating at least one earbud of said hearing aid, and a charging chamber for accommodating at least said hearing aid unit of said hearing aid. 7. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 6, wherein said main casing has a drying cavity indently formed on said main casing, wherein said drying platform is provided in said drying cavity, said main casing further having a plurality of ventilating meshes formed on at least one of a surrounding wall of said drying cavity and said drying platform, wherein said hearing aid dryer is arranged to dry primarily said earbud of said hearing aid through said ventilating meshes when said earbud is disposed in said drying cavity. 8. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 5, wherein said partitioning member has a U-shaped cross section as viewed from a top side of said universal charging and drying station, and is provided in said utility compartment to surround said drying platform, said partitioning member having a front portion and two side portions rearwardly extended from two ends of said front portion, said front portion being positioned between said drying platform and said interchangeable adapter unit, a space surrounded by said partitioning member and said lid in said utility compartment being defined as said drying chamber, a space outside said drying chamber in said utility compartment being defined as said charging chamber. 9. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 7, wherein said partitioning member has a U-shaped cross section as viewed from a top side of said universal charging and drying station, and is provided in said utility compartment to surround said drying platform, said partitioning member having a front portion and two side portions rearwardly extended from two ends of said front portion, said front portion being positioned between a proximal side edge of said drying cavity and said interchangeable adapter unit, a space surrounded by said partitioning member and said lid in said utility compartment being defined as said drying chamber, a space outside said drying chamber in said utility compartment being defined as said charging chamber. 10. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 8, wherein said temperature control arrangement further comprises at least one air inlet formed on said main casing for allowing air which has a lower temperature than that of said charging chamber to be drawn therein. 11. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 9, wherein said temperature control arrangement further comprises at least one air inlet formed on said main casing for allowing air which has a lower temperature than that of said charging chamber to be drawn therein. 12. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 10, wherein a height of said front portion and said side portions is identical so that each of said front portion and said side portions has a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape, said height of said partitioning member being slightly less than that of said utility compartment to create a gap between a top edge of said partitioning member and an inner surface of said lid so as to allow said earbud of said hearing aid to pass through said gap. 13. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 12, wherein a height of said front portion and said side portions is identical so that each of said front portion and said side portions has a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape, said height of said partitioning member being slightly less than that of said utility compartment to create a gap between a top edge of said partitioning member and an inner surface of said lid so as to allow said earbud of said hearing aid to pass through said gap. 14. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 5, wherein said hearing aid dryer comprises a heater dryer provided in said main casing and electrically connected to said control circuitry, said temperature control arrangement comprising a temperature control heater provided in said main casing and electrically connected to said control circuitry, said heater dryer and said temperature control heater being positioned in said main casing to provide heating primarily to said drying chamber and said charging chamber respectively. 15. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 6, wherein said hearing aid dryer comprises a heater dryer provided in said main casing and electrically connected to said control circuitry, said temperature control arrangement comprising a temperature control heater provided in said main casing and electrically connected to said control circuitry, said heater dryer and said temperature control heater being positioned in said main casing to provide heating primarily to said drying chamber and said charging chamber respectively. 16. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 2, wherein said connecting module comprises a connecting circuit supported by said charging adapter, said connecting circuit comprising a plurality of wireless inductive charging coils and a plurality of connecting members electrically and detachably connected to said connector terminals of said receptacle connector. 17. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 3, further comprising a plurality of interchangeable adapter units wherein each of said interchangeable adapter units is specifically adapted for charging a predetermined hearing aid, each of said interchangeable adapter units freely attaching to or detaching from said receptacle connector. 18. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 11, further comprising a plurality of interchangeable adapter units wherein each of said interchangeable adapter units is specifically adapted for charging a predetermined hearing aid, each of said interchangeable adapter units freely attaching to or detaching from said receptacle connector. 19. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 16, further comprising a plurality of interchangeable adapter units wherein each of said interchangeable adapter units is specifically adapted for charging a predetermined hearing aid, each of said interchangeable adapter units freely attaching to or detaching from said receptacle connector. 20. The universal charging and drying station for a hearing aid comprising a hearing aid unit and an earbud, said universal charging and drying station comprising:
a main casing having a drying platform for accommodating said earbud of said hearing aid; a lid movably provided on said main casing for defining a utility compartment as a space formed between said lid and said main casing; a hearing aid charger comprising a charging adapter having an adapter terminal provided on said main casing for electrically connecting to said hearing aid; a hearing aid dryer supported in said main casing; a control circuitry supported in said main casing and electrically connected to said hearing aid dryer and said charging adapter; and a temperature control arrangement, which comprises: a partitioning member provided in said utility compartment to divide said utility compartment into a drying chamber for accommodating at least said earbud of said hearing aid, and a charging chamber for accommodating said hearing aid unit of said hearing aid; and at least one air inlet formed on said main casing for allowing air which has lower temperature than that of said charging chamber to be drawn therein for creating two different temperature zones for said drying chamber and said charging chamber respectively. 21. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 20, wherein said main casing has a drying cavity indently formed on said main casing, wherein said drying platform is provided in said drying cavity, said main casing further having a plurality of ventilating meshes formed on at least one of a surrounding wall of said drying cavity and said drying platform, wherein said hearing aid dryer is arranged to dry primarily said earbud of said hearing aid through said ventilating meshes when said earbud is disposed in said drying cavity 22. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 20, wherein said partitioning member has a U-shaped cross section as viewed from a top side of said universal charging and drying station, and is provided in said utility compartment to surround said drying platform, said partitioning member having at least a front portion and two side portions rearwardly extended from two ends of said front portion, said front portion being positioned between said drying platform and said interchangeable adapter unit, a space surrounded by said partitioning member and said lid in said utility compartment being defined as said drying chamber, a space outside said drying chamber in said utility compartment being defined as said charging chamber. 23. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 21, wherein said partitioning member has a U-shaped cross section as viewed from a top side of said universal charging and drying station, and is provided in said utility compartment to surround said drying cavity, said partitioning member having at least a front portion and two side portions rearwardly extended from two ends of said front portion, said front portion being positioned between a proximal side edge of said drying cavity and said interchangeable adapter unit, a space surrounded by said partitioning member and said lid in said utility compartment being defined as said drying chamber, a space outside said drying chamber in said utility compartment being defined as said charging chamber. 24. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 23, wherein a height of said front portion and said side portions is identical so that each of said front portion and said side portions has a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape, said height of said partitioning member being slightly less than that of said utility compartment to create a gap between a top edge of said partitioning member and an inner surface of said lid so as to allow said earbud of said hearing aid to pass through said gap. | A universal charging and drying station includes a main unit and a hearing aid charger. The main unit includes a main casing, a lid, a hearing aid dryer, and a control circuitry. The hearing aid charging includes at least one interchangeable adapter unit, which includes a receptacle connector, a charging adapter and a connecting module. The connecting module has an adapter terminal electrically connecting to the hearing aid, and a plurality of connecting members detachably connected to the receptacle connector of the main casing. The interchangeable adapter unit may be operated between a charging mode and an interchangeable mode, wherein in the charging mode, the connecting module is electrically connected to the receptacle connector through the connecting members for charging the hearing aid, wherein in the interchangeable mode, the connecting module is detached from the receptacle connector for interchange of the interchangeable adapter unit.1. (canceled) 2. A universal charging and drying station for a hearing aid having a hearing aid unit and an earbud, comprising:
a main unit, which comprises: a main casing having a driving platform for supporting said earbud: a lid movably provided on said main casing for defining a utility compartment; a hearing aid dryer supported in said main casing for drying said hearing aid on said drying platform: and a control circuitry supported in said main casing and electrically connected to said hearing aid dryer; and a hearing aid charger, which comprises. a receptacle connector supported by said main casing and electrically connected to said control circuitry, and at least one interchangeable adapter unit, which comprises; a charging adapter, and a connecting module supported by said charging adapter, said connecting module having at least one adapter terminal electrically connecting to said hearing aid, and at least one connecting member electrically connected to said receptacle connector, said interchangeable adapter unit being operated between a charging mode and an interchangeable mode, wherein in said charging mode, said connecting module is electrically connected to said receptacle connector through said connecting member for charging said hearing aid, wherein in said interchangeable mode, said connecting module is electrically disconnected from said receptacle connector for interchange of said interchangeable adapter unit. wherein said control circuitry comprises a printed circuit board and a control circuit implemented on said printed circuit board, said receptacle connector comprises a plurality of connector terminals detachably connected to said charging adapter, said connector terminals being provided on said printed circuit board. 3. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 2, wherein said main casing further has a through receptacle slot formed on said utility platform at a position corresponding to that of the receptacle connector, so that said receptacle connector is exposed to said utility compartment through said receptacle slot. 4. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 2, wherein said connecting module comprises a connecting circuit supported by said corresponding charging adapter wherein said adapter terminals are formed as electrical contacts of said connecting circuit, said connecting module further comprising a plurality of connecting members electrically and detachably connected to said connector terminals of said receptacle connector. 5. A universal charging and drying station for a hearing aid having a hearing aid unit and an earbud. comprising:
a main unit which comprises: a main casing having a drying platform for supporting said earbud; a lid movably provided on said main casing for defining a utility compartment; a hearing aid dryer supported in said main casing for drying said hearing aid on said drying platform; and a control circuitry supported in said main casing and electrically connected to said hearing aid dryer; and a hearing aid charger, which comprises: a receptacle connector supported by said main casing and electrically connected to said control circuitry; and at least one interchangeable adapter unit, which comprises; a charging adapter, a connecting module supported by said charging adapter, said connecting module having at least one adapter terminal electrically connecting to said hearing aid, and at least one connecting member electrically connected to said receptacle connector, said interchangeable adapter unit being operated between a charging mode and an interchangeable mode, wherein in said charging mode, said connecting module is electrically connected to said receptacle connector through said connecting member for charging said hearing aid, wherein in said interchangeable mode, said connecting module is electrically disconnected from said receptacle connector for interchange of said interchangeable adapter unit, and a temperature control arrangement, which comprises a partitioning member provided on said main casing to divide said utility compartment into a drying chamber for accommodating at least one earbud of said hearing aid, and a charging chamber for accommodating at least said hearing aid unit of said hearing aid. at least one interchangeable adapter unit, which composes: 6. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 4, further comprising a temperature control arrangement, which comprises a partitioning member provided in said utility compartment to divide said utility compartment into a drying chamber for accommodating at least one earbud of said hearing aid, and a charging chamber for accommodating at least said hearing aid unit of said hearing aid. 7. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 6, wherein said main casing has a drying cavity indently formed on said main casing, wherein said drying platform is provided in said drying cavity, said main casing further having a plurality of ventilating meshes formed on at least one of a surrounding wall of said drying cavity and said drying platform, wherein said hearing aid dryer is arranged to dry primarily said earbud of said hearing aid through said ventilating meshes when said earbud is disposed in said drying cavity. 8. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 5, wherein said partitioning member has a U-shaped cross section as viewed from a top side of said universal charging and drying station, and is provided in said utility compartment to surround said drying platform, said partitioning member having a front portion and two side portions rearwardly extended from two ends of said front portion, said front portion being positioned between said drying platform and said interchangeable adapter unit, a space surrounded by said partitioning member and said lid in said utility compartment being defined as said drying chamber, a space outside said drying chamber in said utility compartment being defined as said charging chamber. 9. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 7, wherein said partitioning member has a U-shaped cross section as viewed from a top side of said universal charging and drying station, and is provided in said utility compartment to surround said drying platform, said partitioning member having a front portion and two side portions rearwardly extended from two ends of said front portion, said front portion being positioned between a proximal side edge of said drying cavity and said interchangeable adapter unit, a space surrounded by said partitioning member and said lid in said utility compartment being defined as said drying chamber, a space outside said drying chamber in said utility compartment being defined as said charging chamber. 10. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 8, wherein said temperature control arrangement further comprises at least one air inlet formed on said main casing for allowing air which has a lower temperature than that of said charging chamber to be drawn therein. 11. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 9, wherein said temperature control arrangement further comprises at least one air inlet formed on said main casing for allowing air which has a lower temperature than that of said charging chamber to be drawn therein. 12. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 10, wherein a height of said front portion and said side portions is identical so that each of said front portion and said side portions has a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape, said height of said partitioning member being slightly less than that of said utility compartment to create a gap between a top edge of said partitioning member and an inner surface of said lid so as to allow said earbud of said hearing aid to pass through said gap. 13. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 12, wherein a height of said front portion and said side portions is identical so that each of said front portion and said side portions has a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape, said height of said partitioning member being slightly less than that of said utility compartment to create a gap between a top edge of said partitioning member and an inner surface of said lid so as to allow said earbud of said hearing aid to pass through said gap. 14. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 5, wherein said hearing aid dryer comprises a heater dryer provided in said main casing and electrically connected to said control circuitry, said temperature control arrangement comprising a temperature control heater provided in said main casing and electrically connected to said control circuitry, said heater dryer and said temperature control heater being positioned in said main casing to provide heating primarily to said drying chamber and said charging chamber respectively. 15. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 6, wherein said hearing aid dryer comprises a heater dryer provided in said main casing and electrically connected to said control circuitry, said temperature control arrangement comprising a temperature control heater provided in said main casing and electrically connected to said control circuitry, said heater dryer and said temperature control heater being positioned in said main casing to provide heating primarily to said drying chamber and said charging chamber respectively. 16. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 2, wherein said connecting module comprises a connecting circuit supported by said charging adapter, said connecting circuit comprising a plurality of wireless inductive charging coils and a plurality of connecting members electrically and detachably connected to said connector terminals of said receptacle connector. 17. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 3, further comprising a plurality of interchangeable adapter units wherein each of said interchangeable adapter units is specifically adapted for charging a predetermined hearing aid, each of said interchangeable adapter units freely attaching to or detaching from said receptacle connector. 18. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 11, further comprising a plurality of interchangeable adapter units wherein each of said interchangeable adapter units is specifically adapted for charging a predetermined hearing aid, each of said interchangeable adapter units freely attaching to or detaching from said receptacle connector. 19. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 16, further comprising a plurality of interchangeable adapter units wherein each of said interchangeable adapter units is specifically adapted for charging a predetermined hearing aid, each of said interchangeable adapter units freely attaching to or detaching from said receptacle connector. 20. The universal charging and drying station for a hearing aid comprising a hearing aid unit and an earbud, said universal charging and drying station comprising:
a main casing having a drying platform for accommodating said earbud of said hearing aid; a lid movably provided on said main casing for defining a utility compartment as a space formed between said lid and said main casing; a hearing aid charger comprising a charging adapter having an adapter terminal provided on said main casing for electrically connecting to said hearing aid; a hearing aid dryer supported in said main casing; a control circuitry supported in said main casing and electrically connected to said hearing aid dryer and said charging adapter; and a temperature control arrangement, which comprises: a partitioning member provided in said utility compartment to divide said utility compartment into a drying chamber for accommodating at least said earbud of said hearing aid, and a charging chamber for accommodating said hearing aid unit of said hearing aid; and at least one air inlet formed on said main casing for allowing air which has lower temperature than that of said charging chamber to be drawn therein for creating two different temperature zones for said drying chamber and said charging chamber respectively. 21. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 20, wherein said main casing has a drying cavity indently formed on said main casing, wherein said drying platform is provided in said drying cavity, said main casing further having a plurality of ventilating meshes formed on at least one of a surrounding wall of said drying cavity and said drying platform, wherein said hearing aid dryer is arranged to dry primarily said earbud of said hearing aid through said ventilating meshes when said earbud is disposed in said drying cavity 22. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 20, wherein said partitioning member has a U-shaped cross section as viewed from a top side of said universal charging and drying station, and is provided in said utility compartment to surround said drying platform, said partitioning member having at least a front portion and two side portions rearwardly extended from two ends of said front portion, said front portion being positioned between said drying platform and said interchangeable adapter unit, a space surrounded by said partitioning member and said lid in said utility compartment being defined as said drying chamber, a space outside said drying chamber in said utility compartment being defined as said charging chamber. 23. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 21, wherein said partitioning member has a U-shaped cross section as viewed from a top side of said universal charging and drying station, and is provided in said utility compartment to surround said drying cavity, said partitioning member having at least a front portion and two side portions rearwardly extended from two ends of said front portion, said front portion being positioned between a proximal side edge of said drying cavity and said interchangeable adapter unit, a space surrounded by said partitioning member and said lid in said utility compartment being defined as said drying chamber, a space outside said drying chamber in said utility compartment being defined as said charging chamber. 24. The universal charging and drying station, as recited in claim 23, wherein a height of said front portion and said side portions is identical so that each of said front portion and said side portions has a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape, said height of said partitioning member being slightly less than that of said utility compartment to create a gap between a top edge of said partitioning member and an inner surface of said lid so as to allow said earbud of said hearing aid to pass through said gap. | 2,600 |
338,959 | 16,799,833 | 2,685 | A toner container includes a cylindrical container body having a head with an opening in the head, a cap into which the head of the container body is inserted, and a sheet member attached inside the cap. The cylindrical container body rotates around a rotation axis extending in a longitudinal direction of the container body to transport toner contained in the container body toward the opening. The cap has a toner outlet through which the toner discharged from the opening is discharged outside the toner container. The sheet member includes a first elastic-deformation portion that is elastically deformable and located near the toner outlet, and a second elastic-deformation portion that is elastically deformable and located in the container body and near the opening. | 1. A toner container comprising:
a cylindrical container body having a head with an opening in the head and configured to rotate around a rotation axis extending in a longitudinal direction of the cylindrical container body to transport toner contained in the cylindrical container body toward the opening; a cap into which the head of the cylindrical container body is inserted, having a toner outlet through which the toner discharged from the opening is discharged outside the toner container; and a sheet member attached inside the cap, the sheet member including:
a first elastic-deformation portion that is elastically deformable, located near the toner outlet; and
a second elastic-deformation portion that is elastically deformable, located in the cylindrical container body and near the opening. 2. The toner container according to claim 1, further comprising a stationary shaft extending along the rotation axis, the stationary shaft supporting the sheet member,
wherein the first elastic-deformation portion has a plurality of teeth arranged in a comb shape in the longitudinal direction, the plurality of teeth facing the toner outlet, and wherein the second elastic-deformation portion has a plurality of teeth arranged in a comb shape in the longitudinal direction, and the plurality of teeth contacts an upper portion of an inner wall of the cylindrical container body. 3. The toner container according to claim 2,
wherein a gap is secured between adjacent teeth of the plurality of teeth of the first elastic-deformation portion, and wherein the plurality of teeth of the second elastic-deformation portion is arranged in a row without a gap in the longitudinal direction. 4. The toner container according to claim 2, further comprising a stirring member attached to the cylindrical container body,
wherein the first elastic-deformation portion is configured to strike the cylindrical container body or the stirring member as the cylindrical container body rotates to exhibit repeated elastic deformation, and wherein the second elastic-deformation portion is configured to slidingly contact the upper portion of the inner wall of the cylindrical container body along with rotation of the cylindrical container body. 5. A toner supply device comprising the toner container according to claim 1,
wherein the toner container is removably installable in the toner supply device, and wherein the toner supply device is configured to supply toner from the toner container to a developing device. 6. An image forming apparatus comprising the toner container according to claim 1. | A toner container includes a cylindrical container body having a head with an opening in the head, a cap into which the head of the container body is inserted, and a sheet member attached inside the cap. The cylindrical container body rotates around a rotation axis extending in a longitudinal direction of the container body to transport toner contained in the container body toward the opening. The cap has a toner outlet through which the toner discharged from the opening is discharged outside the toner container. The sheet member includes a first elastic-deformation portion that is elastically deformable and located near the toner outlet, and a second elastic-deformation portion that is elastically deformable and located in the container body and near the opening.1. A toner container comprising:
a cylindrical container body having a head with an opening in the head and configured to rotate around a rotation axis extending in a longitudinal direction of the cylindrical container body to transport toner contained in the cylindrical container body toward the opening; a cap into which the head of the cylindrical container body is inserted, having a toner outlet through which the toner discharged from the opening is discharged outside the toner container; and a sheet member attached inside the cap, the sheet member including:
a first elastic-deformation portion that is elastically deformable, located near the toner outlet; and
a second elastic-deformation portion that is elastically deformable, located in the cylindrical container body and near the opening. 2. The toner container according to claim 1, further comprising a stationary shaft extending along the rotation axis, the stationary shaft supporting the sheet member,
wherein the first elastic-deformation portion has a plurality of teeth arranged in a comb shape in the longitudinal direction, the plurality of teeth facing the toner outlet, and wherein the second elastic-deformation portion has a plurality of teeth arranged in a comb shape in the longitudinal direction, and the plurality of teeth contacts an upper portion of an inner wall of the cylindrical container body. 3. The toner container according to claim 2,
wherein a gap is secured between adjacent teeth of the plurality of teeth of the first elastic-deformation portion, and wherein the plurality of teeth of the second elastic-deformation portion is arranged in a row without a gap in the longitudinal direction. 4. The toner container according to claim 2, further comprising a stirring member attached to the cylindrical container body,
wherein the first elastic-deformation portion is configured to strike the cylindrical container body or the stirring member as the cylindrical container body rotates to exhibit repeated elastic deformation, and wherein the second elastic-deformation portion is configured to slidingly contact the upper portion of the inner wall of the cylindrical container body along with rotation of the cylindrical container body. 5. A toner supply device comprising the toner container according to claim 1,
wherein the toner container is removably installable in the toner supply device, and wherein the toner supply device is configured to supply toner from the toner container to a developing device. 6. An image forming apparatus comprising the toner container according to claim 1. | 2,600 |
338,960 | 16,642,006 | 2,685 | Disclosed in the implementations of the present application are a data transmission method, a terminal device and a network device. The method comprises: a terminal device acquiring first transmission control information of each network device among a plurality of network devices, the first transmission control information of a first network device among the plurality of network devices being used to indicate that the state of the replicated data transmission function configured for a first data radio bearer (DRB) by the first network device is activated, the first transmission control information of a second network device among the plurality of network devices other than the first network device being used to indicate that the state of the replicated data transmission function configured for the first DRB by the second network device is de-activated; and the terminal device determining, according to the first transmission control information of each network device, that a target network device for controlling the replicated data transmission function of the first DRB is the first network device. | 1. A method for transmitting data, comprising:
acquiring, by a terminal device, first transmission control information of each network device in a plurality of network devices, wherein first transmission control information of a first network device in the plurality network devices is used for indicating that a state of a data duplication and transmission function configured by the first network device for a first data radio bearer (DRB) is an active state, and first transmission control information of a second network device except the first network device in the plurality of network devices is used for indicating that a state of the data duplication and transmission function configured by the second network device for the first DRB is an inactive state; and determining, by the terminal device, a target network device used for controlling the data duplication and transmission function of the first DRB as the first network device according to the first transmission control information of the each network device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein after the terminal device determines that the target network device used for controlling the data duplication and transmission function of the first DRB is the first network device according to the transmission control information of the each network device, the method further comprises:
acquiring, by the terminal device, second transmission control information of the first network device, wherein the second transmission control information is used for indicating a state of the data duplication and transmission function configured by the first network device for the first DRB; and controlling, by the terminal device, the data duplication and transmission function of the first DRB according to the second transmission control information. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein controlling, by the terminal device, the data duplication and transmission function of the first DRB according to the second transmission control information, comprises:
controlling the first DRB to transmit non-duplicated data when the state indicated by the second transmission control information is an inactive state; and controlling the first DRB to transmit duplicate data when the state indicated by the second transmission control information is an active state. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first transmission control information of the first network device indicates the state of the data duplication and transmission function configured by the first network device for the first DRB through a first bit in a bitmap, and acquiring, by the terminal device, the first transmission control information of the each network device in the plurality of network devices, comprises:
receiving, by the terminal device, the bitmap sent by the first network device; and determining, by the terminal device, a value of the first bit corresponding to the first DRB in the bitmap as the first transmission control information of the first network device. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first transmission control information of the first network device is carried in a medium access control (MAC) signaling. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality network devices comprise a network device in a primary cell group and a network device in a secondary cell group. 7. A method for transmitting data, comprising:
determining, by a first network device, the first network device as a target network device used for controlling a data duplication and transmission function of a first data radio bearer (DRB) of a terminal device according to interaction with a network device except the first network device; and sending, by the first network device, transmission control information to the terminal device, wherein the transmission control information is used for indicating a state of the data duplication and transmission function configured by the first network device for the first DRB, and the state is an active state or an inactive state. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the transmission control information indicates the state of the data duplication and transmission function configured by the first network device for the first DRB through a first bit in a bitmap. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the first network device is a network device in a primary cell group. 10. A terminal device, comprising: a memory, a processor, an input interface, and an output interface;
wherein the memory is configured to store instructions; and the processor is configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory; the input interface is configured to acquire first transmission control information of each network device in a plurality of network devices, wherein first transmission control information of a first network device in the plurality of network devices is used for indicating that a state of a data duplication and transmission function configured by the first network device for a first data radio bearer (DRB) is an active state, and first transmission control information of a second network device except the first network device in the plurality of network devices is used for indicating that a state of the data duplication and transmission function configured by the second network device for the first DRB is an inactive state; and the processor is configured to determine a target network device used for controlling the data duplication and transmission function of the first DRB as the first network device according to the first transmission control information of the each network device. 11. The terminal device of claim 10, wherein the input interface is specifically configured to:
acquire second transmission control information of the first network device after acquiring the first transmission control information of the first network device, wherein the second transmission control information is used for indicating a state of the data duplication and transmission function configured by the first network device for the first DRB; and the processor is configured to control the data duplication and transmission function of the first DRB according to the second transmission control information. 12. The terminal device of claim 11, wherein the processor is specifically configured to:
control the first DRB to transmit non-duplicated data when the state indicated by the second transmission control information is an inactive state; and control the first DRB to transmit duplicated data when the state indicated by the second transmission control information is an active state. 13. The terminal device of claim 10, wherein the first transmission control information of the first network device indicates the state of the data duplication and transmission function configured by the first network device for the first DRB through a first bit in a bitmap, and the input interface is specifically configured to:
receive the bitmap sent by the first network device; and the processor is configured to determine a value of the first bit corresponding to the first DRB in the bitmap as the first transmission control information of the first network device. 14. The terminal device of claim 13, wherein the first transmission control information of the first network device is carried in a media access control (MAC) signaling. 15. A network device, wherein the network device is a first network device, the network device comprises: a memory, a processor, an input interface, and an output interface;
wherein the memory is configured to store instructions; and the processor is configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to determine the first network device as a target network device used for controlling a data duplication and transmission function of a first data radio bearer (DRB) of a terminal device according to interaction with a network device except the first network device; and the output interface is configured to send transmission control information to the terminal device, wherein the transmission control information is used for indicating a state of the data duplication and transmission function configured by the first network device for the first DRB, and the state is an active state or an inactive state. 16. The network device of claim 15, wherein the transmission control information indicates the state of the data duplication transmission function configured by the first network device for the first DRB through a first bit in a bitmap. 17. The network device of claim 15, wherein the first network device is a network device in a primary cell group. | Disclosed in the implementations of the present application are a data transmission method, a terminal device and a network device. The method comprises: a terminal device acquiring first transmission control information of each network device among a plurality of network devices, the first transmission control information of a first network device among the plurality of network devices being used to indicate that the state of the replicated data transmission function configured for a first data radio bearer (DRB) by the first network device is activated, the first transmission control information of a second network device among the plurality of network devices other than the first network device being used to indicate that the state of the replicated data transmission function configured for the first DRB by the second network device is de-activated; and the terminal device determining, according to the first transmission control information of each network device, that a target network device for controlling the replicated data transmission function of the first DRB is the first network device.1. A method for transmitting data, comprising:
acquiring, by a terminal device, first transmission control information of each network device in a plurality of network devices, wherein first transmission control information of a first network device in the plurality network devices is used for indicating that a state of a data duplication and transmission function configured by the first network device for a first data radio bearer (DRB) is an active state, and first transmission control information of a second network device except the first network device in the plurality of network devices is used for indicating that a state of the data duplication and transmission function configured by the second network device for the first DRB is an inactive state; and determining, by the terminal device, a target network device used for controlling the data duplication and transmission function of the first DRB as the first network device according to the first transmission control information of the each network device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein after the terminal device determines that the target network device used for controlling the data duplication and transmission function of the first DRB is the first network device according to the transmission control information of the each network device, the method further comprises:
acquiring, by the terminal device, second transmission control information of the first network device, wherein the second transmission control information is used for indicating a state of the data duplication and transmission function configured by the first network device for the first DRB; and controlling, by the terminal device, the data duplication and transmission function of the first DRB according to the second transmission control information. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein controlling, by the terminal device, the data duplication and transmission function of the first DRB according to the second transmission control information, comprises:
controlling the first DRB to transmit non-duplicated data when the state indicated by the second transmission control information is an inactive state; and controlling the first DRB to transmit duplicate data when the state indicated by the second transmission control information is an active state. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first transmission control information of the first network device indicates the state of the data duplication and transmission function configured by the first network device for the first DRB through a first bit in a bitmap, and acquiring, by the terminal device, the first transmission control information of the each network device in the plurality of network devices, comprises:
receiving, by the terminal device, the bitmap sent by the first network device; and determining, by the terminal device, a value of the first bit corresponding to the first DRB in the bitmap as the first transmission control information of the first network device. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first transmission control information of the first network device is carried in a medium access control (MAC) signaling. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality network devices comprise a network device in a primary cell group and a network device in a secondary cell group. 7. A method for transmitting data, comprising:
determining, by a first network device, the first network device as a target network device used for controlling a data duplication and transmission function of a first data radio bearer (DRB) of a terminal device according to interaction with a network device except the first network device; and sending, by the first network device, transmission control information to the terminal device, wherein the transmission control information is used for indicating a state of the data duplication and transmission function configured by the first network device for the first DRB, and the state is an active state or an inactive state. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the transmission control information indicates the state of the data duplication and transmission function configured by the first network device for the first DRB through a first bit in a bitmap. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the first network device is a network device in a primary cell group. 10. A terminal device, comprising: a memory, a processor, an input interface, and an output interface;
wherein the memory is configured to store instructions; and the processor is configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory; the input interface is configured to acquire first transmission control information of each network device in a plurality of network devices, wherein first transmission control information of a first network device in the plurality of network devices is used for indicating that a state of a data duplication and transmission function configured by the first network device for a first data radio bearer (DRB) is an active state, and first transmission control information of a second network device except the first network device in the plurality of network devices is used for indicating that a state of the data duplication and transmission function configured by the second network device for the first DRB is an inactive state; and the processor is configured to determine a target network device used for controlling the data duplication and transmission function of the first DRB as the first network device according to the first transmission control information of the each network device. 11. The terminal device of claim 10, wherein the input interface is specifically configured to:
acquire second transmission control information of the first network device after acquiring the first transmission control information of the first network device, wherein the second transmission control information is used for indicating a state of the data duplication and transmission function configured by the first network device for the first DRB; and the processor is configured to control the data duplication and transmission function of the first DRB according to the second transmission control information. 12. The terminal device of claim 11, wherein the processor is specifically configured to:
control the first DRB to transmit non-duplicated data when the state indicated by the second transmission control information is an inactive state; and control the first DRB to transmit duplicated data when the state indicated by the second transmission control information is an active state. 13. The terminal device of claim 10, wherein the first transmission control information of the first network device indicates the state of the data duplication and transmission function configured by the first network device for the first DRB through a first bit in a bitmap, and the input interface is specifically configured to:
receive the bitmap sent by the first network device; and the processor is configured to determine a value of the first bit corresponding to the first DRB in the bitmap as the first transmission control information of the first network device. 14. The terminal device of claim 13, wherein the first transmission control information of the first network device is carried in a media access control (MAC) signaling. 15. A network device, wherein the network device is a first network device, the network device comprises: a memory, a processor, an input interface, and an output interface;
wherein the memory is configured to store instructions; and the processor is configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to determine the first network device as a target network device used for controlling a data duplication and transmission function of a first data radio bearer (DRB) of a terminal device according to interaction with a network device except the first network device; and the output interface is configured to send transmission control information to the terminal device, wherein the transmission control information is used for indicating a state of the data duplication and transmission function configured by the first network device for the first DRB, and the state is an active state or an inactive state. 16. The network device of claim 15, wherein the transmission control information indicates the state of the data duplication transmission function configured by the first network device for the first DRB through a first bit in a bitmap. 17. The network device of claim 15, wherein the first network device is a network device in a primary cell group. | 2,600 |
338,961 | 16,641,960 | 2,685 | An apparatus for use in monitoring or treating a wound is disclosed. The apparatus can include a wound dressing, a circuit board, and a sensor. The wound dressing can be positioned over a wound of a patient and absorb wound exudate from the wound. The circuit board can be incorporated in or coupled to the wound dressing and include a first conductive pathway extending around at least part of a perimeter of a first side of the circuit board. The first conductive pathway can be electrically coupled to an electrical ground for the circuit board. The sensor can be mounted on the circuit board and output a signal usable to determine a value indicative of a physiological parameter of the patient. The first conductive pathway can protect the sensor against an electrostatic discharge. | 1. An apparatus for use in monitoring or treating a wound, the apparatus comprising:
a wound dressing configured to be positioned over a wound of a patient and absorb wound exudate from the wound; a circuit board incorporated in or coupled to the wound dressing, the circuit board comprising a first conductive pathway extending around at least part of a perimeter of a first side of the circuit board, the first conductive pathway being electrically coupled to an electrical ground for the circuit board; and a sensor mounted on the circuit board, the sensor being configured to output a signal usable to determine a value indicative of a physiological parameter of the patient, wherein the first conductive pathway is configured to protect the sensor against an electrostatic discharge. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the circuit board is a flexible printed circuit board. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the circuit board is stretchable. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the circuit board comprises conductive tracks on an elastomer substrate and a conformal coating on the elastomer substrate. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the circuit board comprises a second conductive pathway extending around at least part of a perimeter of a second side of the circuit board opposite the first side, the second conductive pathway being electrically coupled to the electrical ground and configured to protect the sensor against the electrostatic discharge. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a plurality of vias electrically connecting the first conductive pathway and the second conductive pathway through the circuit board. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first conductive pathway extends around at least half of the perimeter of the first side. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first conductive pathway extends around at least 75% of the perimeter of the first side. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor is configured to continue to output the signal subsequent to the wound dressing being exposed to a defibrillation shock. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the circuit board is incorporated in a wound contact layer of the wound dressing. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises one or more of a temperature sensor, an impedance sensor, an optical sensor, or a SpO2 sensor. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a controller configured to receive the signal, determine the value, and output the value for presentation. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the controller is not mounted on the circuit board. 14. A method for manufacturing an apparatus for use in monitoring or treating a wound, the method comprising:
mounting a sensor on a substrate and in electrical communication with conductive tracks on the substrate; applying a conformal coating to the substrate; perforating the substrate; adding a first conductive pathway extending around at least part of a perimeter of a first side of the substrate; electrically connecting the first conductive pathway to an electrical ground for the sensor; and incorporating the substrate into a wound dressing or coupling the substrate to the wound dressing. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the sensor is configured to output a signal usable to determine a value indicative of a physiological parameter of a patient when the sensor is positioned proximate to the patient. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein said adding comprises dipping or overmolding the first conductive pathway on the substrate. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the substrate comprises thermoplastic polyurethane. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein said applying comprises applying the conformal coating to the first side and a second side of the substrate opposite the first side. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
adding a second conductive pathway extending around at least part of a perimeter of a second side of the substrate opposite the first side; and electrically connecting the second conductive pathway to the electrical ground. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising electrically connecting the first conductive pathway to the second conductive pathway through the substrate. 21. The method of claim 19, further comprising electrically connecting the first conductive pathway to the second conductive pathway around an edge of the substrate. | An apparatus for use in monitoring or treating a wound is disclosed. The apparatus can include a wound dressing, a circuit board, and a sensor. The wound dressing can be positioned over a wound of a patient and absorb wound exudate from the wound. The circuit board can be incorporated in or coupled to the wound dressing and include a first conductive pathway extending around at least part of a perimeter of a first side of the circuit board. The first conductive pathway can be electrically coupled to an electrical ground for the circuit board. The sensor can be mounted on the circuit board and output a signal usable to determine a value indicative of a physiological parameter of the patient. The first conductive pathway can protect the sensor against an electrostatic discharge.1. An apparatus for use in monitoring or treating a wound, the apparatus comprising:
a wound dressing configured to be positioned over a wound of a patient and absorb wound exudate from the wound; a circuit board incorporated in or coupled to the wound dressing, the circuit board comprising a first conductive pathway extending around at least part of a perimeter of a first side of the circuit board, the first conductive pathway being electrically coupled to an electrical ground for the circuit board; and a sensor mounted on the circuit board, the sensor being configured to output a signal usable to determine a value indicative of a physiological parameter of the patient, wherein the first conductive pathway is configured to protect the sensor against an electrostatic discharge. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the circuit board is a flexible printed circuit board. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the circuit board is stretchable. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the circuit board comprises conductive tracks on an elastomer substrate and a conformal coating on the elastomer substrate. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the circuit board comprises a second conductive pathway extending around at least part of a perimeter of a second side of the circuit board opposite the first side, the second conductive pathway being electrically coupled to the electrical ground and configured to protect the sensor against the electrostatic discharge. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a plurality of vias electrically connecting the first conductive pathway and the second conductive pathway through the circuit board. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first conductive pathway extends around at least half of the perimeter of the first side. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first conductive pathway extends around at least 75% of the perimeter of the first side. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor is configured to continue to output the signal subsequent to the wound dressing being exposed to a defibrillation shock. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the circuit board is incorporated in a wound contact layer of the wound dressing. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises one or more of a temperature sensor, an impedance sensor, an optical sensor, or a SpO2 sensor. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a controller configured to receive the signal, determine the value, and output the value for presentation. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the controller is not mounted on the circuit board. 14. A method for manufacturing an apparatus for use in monitoring or treating a wound, the method comprising:
mounting a sensor on a substrate and in electrical communication with conductive tracks on the substrate; applying a conformal coating to the substrate; perforating the substrate; adding a first conductive pathway extending around at least part of a perimeter of a first side of the substrate; electrically connecting the first conductive pathway to an electrical ground for the sensor; and incorporating the substrate into a wound dressing or coupling the substrate to the wound dressing. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the sensor is configured to output a signal usable to determine a value indicative of a physiological parameter of a patient when the sensor is positioned proximate to the patient. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein said adding comprises dipping or overmolding the first conductive pathway on the substrate. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the substrate comprises thermoplastic polyurethane. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein said applying comprises applying the conformal coating to the first side and a second side of the substrate opposite the first side. 19. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
adding a second conductive pathway extending around at least part of a perimeter of a second side of the substrate opposite the first side; and electrically connecting the second conductive pathway to the electrical ground. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising electrically connecting the first conductive pathway to the second conductive pathway through the substrate. 21. The method of claim 19, further comprising electrically connecting the first conductive pathway to the second conductive pathway around an edge of the substrate. | 2,600 |
338,962 | 16,799,848 | 2,685 | A filter device includes: a common terminal; a first input/output terminal; a second input/output terminal; a first filter connected to a first path that connects the common terminal and the first input/output terminal, and having a passband that is a first band; a second filter connected to a second path that connects the common terminal and the second input/output terminal, and having a passband that is a second band having a frequency range that is different from and does not overlap a frequency range of the first band; a first switch element connected between a first node on the first path between the first filter and the first input/output terminal and a second node on the second path between the second filter and the second input/output terminal; and a second switch element on the second path, which is connected between the second node and the second input/output terminal. | 1. A filter device, comprising:
a first filter connected to a first path that connects a common terminal and a first input/output terminal, the first filter having a passband that is a first band; a second filter connected to a second path that connects the common terminal and a second input/output terminal, the second filter having a passband that is a second band, the second band having a frequency range that is different from, and not overlapping with, a frequency range of the first band; a first switch connected between a first node on the first path and a second node on the second path, the first node being located between the first filter and the first input/output terminal, the second node being located between the second filter and the second input/output terminal; and a second switch on the second path, the second switch being connected between the second node and the second input/output terminal. 2. The filter device according to claim 1,
wherein switch states of the first switch and the second switch between conducting and non-conducting states are mutually exclusive with respect to each other. 3. The filter device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third switch connected between a ground and a third node on the second path, the third node being located between the second switch and the second input/output terminal, wherein switch states of the second switch and the third switch between conducting and non-conducting states are mutually exclusive with respect to each other. 4. The filter device according to claim 1,
wherein an off-capacitance of the first switch element, which is capacitance of the first switch when non-conducting, is smaller than an off-capacitance of the second switch element, which is capacitance of the second switch when non-conducting. 5. The filter device according to claim 4,
wherein at least one of
the off-capacitance of the first switch is at most 0.10 pF, and
the off-capacitance of the second switch is at most 0.35 pF. 6. The filter device according to claim 1, wherein the first switch comprises a plurality of unit switches connected in series, and
the filter device further comprises a fourth switch connected between a ground and a fourth node that is one of connection nodes of the plurality of unit switches, and the switch states of the first switch and the fourth switch between conducting and non-conducting states are mutually exclusive with respect to each other. 7. The filter device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third filter on the second path, the third filter being connected between the second switch and the second input/output terminal, and having a passband that is the second band. 8. The filter device according to claim 7,
wherein the frequency range of the first band is lower than the frequency range of the second band, and a lower-frequency skirt adjacent to the second band in passing characteristics of the third filter alone is steeper than a lower-frequency skirt adjacent to the second band in passing characteristics of the second filter alone. 9. The filter device according to claim 1,
wherein the frequency range of the first band is lower than the frequency range of the second band, the second filter includes a third input/output terminal and a fourth input/output terminal, a frequency at which impedance when the second filter alone is viewed from the third input/output terminal has a local maximum value is at most a frequency at a lower edge of the second band, and a frequency at which impedance when the second filter alone is viewed from the fourth input/output terminal has a local maximum value is at most the frequency at the lower edge of the second band. 10. The filter device according to claim 1,
wherein the frequency range of the first band is lower than the frequency range of the second band, and a difference between a phase shift caused by the first filter alone and a phase shift caused by the second filter alone is in a range from −50° to +50° at a frequency at which the first filter alone and the second filter alone have an identical amplitude. 11. The filter device according to claim 10,
wherein the second filter includes a third input/output terminal and a fourth input/output terminal, a frequency at which impedance when the second filter alone is viewed from the third input/output terminal has a local maximum value is at most a frequency at a higher edge of the first band, and a frequency at which impedance when the second filter alone is viewed from the fourth input/output terminal has a local maximum value is at most the frequency at the higher edge of the first band. 12. The filter device according to claim 7,
wherein the frequency range of the first band is higher than the frequency range of the second band, and a higher-frequency skirt adjacent to the second band in passing characteristics of the third filter alone is steeper than a higher-frequency skirt adjacent to the second band in passing characteristics of the second filter alone. 13. The filter device according to claim 1,
wherein the frequency range of the first band is higher than the frequency range of the second band, the first filter includes a third input/output terminal and a fourth input/output terminal, a frequency at which impedance when the first filter alone is viewed from the third input/output terminal has a local maximum value is at most a frequency at a lower edge of the first band, and a frequency at which impedance when the first filter alone is viewed from the fourth input/output terminal has a local maximum value is at most the frequency at the lower edge of the first band. 14. The filter device according to claim 1,
wherein the frequency range of the first band is higher than the frequency range of the second band, and a difference between a phase shift caused by the first filter alone and a phase shift caused by the second filter alone is in a range from −50° to +50° at a frequency at which the first filter alone and the second filter alone have an identical amplitude. 15. The filter device according to claim 14,
wherein the first filter includes a third input/output terminal and a fourth input/output terminal, a frequency at which impedance when the first filter alone is viewed from the third input/output terminal has a local maximum value is at most a frequency at a higher edge of the second band, and a frequency at which impedance when the first filter alone is viewed from the fourth input/output terminal has a local maximum value is at most the frequency at the higher edge of the second band. 16. The filter device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a fifth input/output terminal; a fourth filter connected to a third path that connects the common terminal and the fifth input/output terminal, and having a passband that is a fourth band, the fourth band having a frequency range that is different from the frequency range of the first band and the frequency range of the second band, and does not overlap the frequency range of the first band; a fifth switch connected between the first node and a fifth node on the third path, the fifth node being located between the fourth filter and the fifth input/output terminal; a sixth switch on the third path, the sixth switch being connected between the fifth node and the fifth input/output terminal; a seventh switch connected between the common terminal and the second filter; and an eighth switch connected between the common terminal and the fourth filter. 17. The filter device according to claim 1,
wherein under a condition that the first switch is conducting and the second switch is non-conducting, the filter device is configured as a filter for time division duplex (TDD) between the common terminal and the first input/output terminal, and under a condition that the first switch is non-conducting and the second switch is conducting, the filter device is configured as a multiplexer for frequency division duplex (FDD) between the common terminal and the first input/output terminal and between the common terminal and the second input/output terminal. 18. A multiplexer, comprising:
a plurality of filter devices each of which is the filter device according to claim 1, wherein each common terminal of the plurality of filter devices are directly or indirectly connected to a common connection terminal. 19. A radio frequency front-end circuit, comprising:
the multiplexer according to claim 18; and an amplifier circuit directly or indirectly connected to the multiplexer. 20. A communication device, comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) signal processing circuit that processes a radio frequency signal to be transmitted by an antenna element and a radio frequency signal received by the antenna element; and the radio frequency front-end circuit according to claim 19 that conveys the radio frequency signals between the antenna element and the RF signal processing circuit. | A filter device includes: a common terminal; a first input/output terminal; a second input/output terminal; a first filter connected to a first path that connects the common terminal and the first input/output terminal, and having a passband that is a first band; a second filter connected to a second path that connects the common terminal and the second input/output terminal, and having a passband that is a second band having a frequency range that is different from and does not overlap a frequency range of the first band; a first switch element connected between a first node on the first path between the first filter and the first input/output terminal and a second node on the second path between the second filter and the second input/output terminal; and a second switch element on the second path, which is connected between the second node and the second input/output terminal.1. A filter device, comprising:
a first filter connected to a first path that connects a common terminal and a first input/output terminal, the first filter having a passband that is a first band; a second filter connected to a second path that connects the common terminal and a second input/output terminal, the second filter having a passband that is a second band, the second band having a frequency range that is different from, and not overlapping with, a frequency range of the first band; a first switch connected between a first node on the first path and a second node on the second path, the first node being located between the first filter and the first input/output terminal, the second node being located between the second filter and the second input/output terminal; and a second switch on the second path, the second switch being connected between the second node and the second input/output terminal. 2. The filter device according to claim 1,
wherein switch states of the first switch and the second switch between conducting and non-conducting states are mutually exclusive with respect to each other. 3. The filter device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third switch connected between a ground and a third node on the second path, the third node being located between the second switch and the second input/output terminal, wherein switch states of the second switch and the third switch between conducting and non-conducting states are mutually exclusive with respect to each other. 4. The filter device according to claim 1,
wherein an off-capacitance of the first switch element, which is capacitance of the first switch when non-conducting, is smaller than an off-capacitance of the second switch element, which is capacitance of the second switch when non-conducting. 5. The filter device according to claim 4,
wherein at least one of
the off-capacitance of the first switch is at most 0.10 pF, and
the off-capacitance of the second switch is at most 0.35 pF. 6. The filter device according to claim 1, wherein the first switch comprises a plurality of unit switches connected in series, and
the filter device further comprises a fourth switch connected between a ground and a fourth node that is one of connection nodes of the plurality of unit switches, and the switch states of the first switch and the fourth switch between conducting and non-conducting states are mutually exclusive with respect to each other. 7. The filter device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a third filter on the second path, the third filter being connected between the second switch and the second input/output terminal, and having a passband that is the second band. 8. The filter device according to claim 7,
wherein the frequency range of the first band is lower than the frequency range of the second band, and a lower-frequency skirt adjacent to the second band in passing characteristics of the third filter alone is steeper than a lower-frequency skirt adjacent to the second band in passing characteristics of the second filter alone. 9. The filter device according to claim 1,
wherein the frequency range of the first band is lower than the frequency range of the second band, the second filter includes a third input/output terminal and a fourth input/output terminal, a frequency at which impedance when the second filter alone is viewed from the third input/output terminal has a local maximum value is at most a frequency at a lower edge of the second band, and a frequency at which impedance when the second filter alone is viewed from the fourth input/output terminal has a local maximum value is at most the frequency at the lower edge of the second band. 10. The filter device according to claim 1,
wherein the frequency range of the first band is lower than the frequency range of the second band, and a difference between a phase shift caused by the first filter alone and a phase shift caused by the second filter alone is in a range from −50° to +50° at a frequency at which the first filter alone and the second filter alone have an identical amplitude. 11. The filter device according to claim 10,
wherein the second filter includes a third input/output terminal and a fourth input/output terminal, a frequency at which impedance when the second filter alone is viewed from the third input/output terminal has a local maximum value is at most a frequency at a higher edge of the first band, and a frequency at which impedance when the second filter alone is viewed from the fourth input/output terminal has a local maximum value is at most the frequency at the higher edge of the first band. 12. The filter device according to claim 7,
wherein the frequency range of the first band is higher than the frequency range of the second band, and a higher-frequency skirt adjacent to the second band in passing characteristics of the third filter alone is steeper than a higher-frequency skirt adjacent to the second band in passing characteristics of the second filter alone. 13. The filter device according to claim 1,
wherein the frequency range of the first band is higher than the frequency range of the second band, the first filter includes a third input/output terminal and a fourth input/output terminal, a frequency at which impedance when the first filter alone is viewed from the third input/output terminal has a local maximum value is at most a frequency at a lower edge of the first band, and a frequency at which impedance when the first filter alone is viewed from the fourth input/output terminal has a local maximum value is at most the frequency at the lower edge of the first band. 14. The filter device according to claim 1,
wherein the frequency range of the first band is higher than the frequency range of the second band, and a difference between a phase shift caused by the first filter alone and a phase shift caused by the second filter alone is in a range from −50° to +50° at a frequency at which the first filter alone and the second filter alone have an identical amplitude. 15. The filter device according to claim 14,
wherein the first filter includes a third input/output terminal and a fourth input/output terminal, a frequency at which impedance when the first filter alone is viewed from the third input/output terminal has a local maximum value is at most a frequency at a higher edge of the second band, and a frequency at which impedance when the first filter alone is viewed from the fourth input/output terminal has a local maximum value is at most the frequency at the higher edge of the second band. 16. The filter device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a fifth input/output terminal; a fourth filter connected to a third path that connects the common terminal and the fifth input/output terminal, and having a passband that is a fourth band, the fourth band having a frequency range that is different from the frequency range of the first band and the frequency range of the second band, and does not overlap the frequency range of the first band; a fifth switch connected between the first node and a fifth node on the third path, the fifth node being located between the fourth filter and the fifth input/output terminal; a sixth switch on the third path, the sixth switch being connected between the fifth node and the fifth input/output terminal; a seventh switch connected between the common terminal and the second filter; and an eighth switch connected between the common terminal and the fourth filter. 17. The filter device according to claim 1,
wherein under a condition that the first switch is conducting and the second switch is non-conducting, the filter device is configured as a filter for time division duplex (TDD) between the common terminal and the first input/output terminal, and under a condition that the first switch is non-conducting and the second switch is conducting, the filter device is configured as a multiplexer for frequency division duplex (FDD) between the common terminal and the first input/output terminal and between the common terminal and the second input/output terminal. 18. A multiplexer, comprising:
a plurality of filter devices each of which is the filter device according to claim 1, wherein each common terminal of the plurality of filter devices are directly or indirectly connected to a common connection terminal. 19. A radio frequency front-end circuit, comprising:
the multiplexer according to claim 18; and an amplifier circuit directly or indirectly connected to the multiplexer. 20. A communication device, comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) signal processing circuit that processes a radio frequency signal to be transmitted by an antenna element and a radio frequency signal received by the antenna element; and the radio frequency front-end circuit according to claim 19 that conveys the radio frequency signals between the antenna element and the RF signal processing circuit. | 2,600 |
338,963 | 16,799,858 | 2,685 | A vibration plate having a reinforced structural element is provided. The vibration plate includes a vibration plate main body. The vibration main body has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other. The reinforced structural element is located between the first surface and the second surface. A material of the vibration plate main body is different from a material of the reinforced structural element. | 1. A vibration plate having a reinforced structural element, the vibration plate comprising:
a vibration plate main body having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, the reinforced structural element being located between the first surface and the second surface, wherein a material of the vibration plate main body is different from a material of the reinforced structural element. 2. The vibration plate of claim 1, wherein the material of the vibration plate main body comprises one of paper, polypropylene, rubber, ceramic, glass fiber, aluminum, titanium, beryllium, magnesium-lithium alloy or any combination thereof. 3. The vibration plate of claim 1, wherein the material of the reinforced structural element comprises one of carbon fiber, mica, titanium, magnesium-lithium alloy or any combination thereof. 4. The vibration plate of claim 1, wherein the reinforced structural element is in a shape of a cylinder. 5. The vibration plate of claim 4, wherein the reinforced structural element has a cross-sectional diameter ranging between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm. 6. The vibration plate of claim 4, wherein the reinforced structural element extends towards a center of the vibration plate main body. 7. The vibration plate of claim 4, wherein an extension direction of the reinforced structural element deviates from a center of the vibration plate main body. 8. The vibration plate of claim 1, wherein the reinforced structural element is in a shape of a flake. 9. The vibration plate of claim 8, wherein the reinforced structural element has a thickness ranging between 0.1 mm and 1.0 mm. 10. The vibration plate of claim 1, wherein the reinforced structural element is in a shape of a curve or a circle. 11. The vibration plate of claim 1, wherein the reinforced structural element comprises a first subsidiary reinforced structural element and a second subsidiary reinforced structural element, the first subsidiary reinforced structural element extends towards a center of the vibration plate main body, the second subsidiary reinforced structural element is in a shape of a curve, the first subsidiary reinforced structural element connects to a portion of the second subsidiary reinforced structural element between two ends of the second subsidiary reinforced structural element. 12. A speaker, comprising:
a base frame; and a vibration plate disposed above the base frame, the vibration plate comprising a vibration plate main body and a reinforced structural element, the vibration plate main body having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, the reinforced structural element being located between the first surface and the second surface, wherein a material of the vibration plate main body is different from a material of the reinforced structural element. | A vibration plate having a reinforced structural element is provided. The vibration plate includes a vibration plate main body. The vibration main body has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other. The reinforced structural element is located between the first surface and the second surface. A material of the vibration plate main body is different from a material of the reinforced structural element.1. A vibration plate having a reinforced structural element, the vibration plate comprising:
a vibration plate main body having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, the reinforced structural element being located between the first surface and the second surface, wherein a material of the vibration plate main body is different from a material of the reinforced structural element. 2. The vibration plate of claim 1, wherein the material of the vibration plate main body comprises one of paper, polypropylene, rubber, ceramic, glass fiber, aluminum, titanium, beryllium, magnesium-lithium alloy or any combination thereof. 3. The vibration plate of claim 1, wherein the material of the reinforced structural element comprises one of carbon fiber, mica, titanium, magnesium-lithium alloy or any combination thereof. 4. The vibration plate of claim 1, wherein the reinforced structural element is in a shape of a cylinder. 5. The vibration plate of claim 4, wherein the reinforced structural element has a cross-sectional diameter ranging between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm. 6. The vibration plate of claim 4, wherein the reinforced structural element extends towards a center of the vibration plate main body. 7. The vibration plate of claim 4, wherein an extension direction of the reinforced structural element deviates from a center of the vibration plate main body. 8. The vibration plate of claim 1, wherein the reinforced structural element is in a shape of a flake. 9. The vibration plate of claim 8, wherein the reinforced structural element has a thickness ranging between 0.1 mm and 1.0 mm. 10. The vibration plate of claim 1, wherein the reinforced structural element is in a shape of a curve or a circle. 11. The vibration plate of claim 1, wherein the reinforced structural element comprises a first subsidiary reinforced structural element and a second subsidiary reinforced structural element, the first subsidiary reinforced structural element extends towards a center of the vibration plate main body, the second subsidiary reinforced structural element is in a shape of a curve, the first subsidiary reinforced structural element connects to a portion of the second subsidiary reinforced structural element between two ends of the second subsidiary reinforced structural element. 12. A speaker, comprising:
a base frame; and a vibration plate disposed above the base frame, the vibration plate comprising a vibration plate main body and a reinforced structural element, the vibration plate main body having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, the reinforced structural element being located between the first surface and the second surface, wherein a material of the vibration plate main body is different from a material of the reinforced structural element. | 2,600 |
338,964 | 16,799,841 | 2,456 | An example apparatus comprises a variable determiner to: parse a plurality of network command responses from a first data collector agent and from a second data collector agent; initialize a value for network connectivity parameters corresponding to the network command responses, the value corresponding to the parsed plurality of network command responses; and assign weighted values to the network connectivity parameters; a connectivity analyzer to determine a first network connectivity factor for the first data collector agent and a second network connectivity factor for the second data collector agent; and a recommender system to: determine whether the first network connectivity factor is a smaller value than the second network connectivity factor; and when the first network connectivity factor is the smaller value, initiate the first data collector agent corresponding to the first network connectivity factor to begin collecting data. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a variable determiner to:
parse a plurality of network command responses from a first data collector agent and from a second data collector agent;
initialize a value for network connectivity parameters corresponding to the network command responses, the value corresponding to the parsed plurality of network command responses; and
assign weighted values to the network connectivity parameters;
a connectivity analyzer to determine a first network connectivity factor for the first data collector agent and a second network connectivity factor for the second data collector agent; and a recommender system to:
determine whether the first network connectivity factor is a smaller value than the second network connectivity factor; and
when the first network connectivity factor is the smaller value, initiate the first data collector agent corresponding to the first network connectivity factor to begin collecting data. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further including a communication processor to accept the plurality of network command responses from the first data collector agent and the second data collector agent. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the communication processor is to trigger the first data collector agent and the second data collector agent to send a plurality of network commands to a managing server before the first data collector agent or the second data collector agent are initiated to collect data. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the managing server includes inventory data, statistics, events, and logs of a cloud computing environment for the first data collector agent or the second data collector agent to collect. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of network command responses from the first data collector agent are indicative of a first network latency and a first network throughput between the first data collector agent and a managing server and the plurality of network command responses from the second data collector agent are indicative of a second network latency and a second network throughput between the second data collector agent and the managing server. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first data collector agent is in a first geographic location and the second data collector agent is in a second geographic location, the first data collector agent in the same geographic location as a managing server. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the variable determiner is to determine a hop count value, a round trip time value, a total time to transfer inventory data, and an inventory summary time for the first data collector agent and the second data collector agent based on the plurality of network command responses. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the connectivity analyzer is to apply the weighted values to the network connectivity parameters to determine a weighted sum of the network connectivity parameters, wherein the first data collector agent has a first weighted sum and the second data collector agent has a second weighted sum. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the connectivity analyzer is to determine the first network connectivity factor based on the first weighted sum and determine the second network connectivity factor based on the second weighted sum. 10. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising computer readable instructions that, when executed, cause at least one processor to at least:
parse a plurality of network command responses from a first data collector agent and from a second data collector agent; initialize a value for network connectivity parameters corresponding to the network command responses, the value corresponding to the parsed plurality of network command responses; assign weighted values to the network connectivity parameters; determine a first network connectivity factor for the first data collector agent and a second network connectivity factor for the second data collector agent; determine whether the first network connectivity factor is a smaller value than the second network connectivity factor; and when the first network connectivity factor is the smaller value, initiate the first data collector agent corresponding to the first network connectivity factor to begin collecting data. 11. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the computer readable instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to trigger the first data collector agent and the second data collector agent to send a plurality of network commands to a managing server before the first data collector agent or the second data collector agent are initiated to collect data. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the computer readable instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to collect inventory data, statistics, events, and logs of a cloud computing environment from the managing server. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the computer readable instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to determine a hop count value, a round trip time value, a total time to transfer inventory data, and an inventory summary time for the first data collector agent and the second data collector agent based on the plurality of network command responses. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the computer readable instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to apply the weighted values to the network connectivity parameters to determine a weighted sum of the network connectivity parameters, wherein the first data collector agent has a first weighted sum and the second data collector agent has a second weighted sum. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the computer readable instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to determine the first network connectivity factor based on the first weighted sum and determines the second network connectivity factor based on the second weighted sum. 16. A method comprising:
parsing a plurality of network command responses from a first data collector agent and from a second data collector agent; initializing a value for network connectivity parameters corresponding to the network command responses, the value corresponding to the parsed plurality of network command responses; assigning weighted values to the network connectivity parameters; determining a first network connectivity factor for the first data collector agent and a second network connectivity factor for the second data collector agent; determining whether the first network connectivity factor is a smaller value than the second network connectivity factor; and when the first network connectivity factor is the smaller value, initiating the first data collector agent to begin collecting data. 17. The method of claim 16, further including triggering the first data collector agent and the second data collector agent to send a plurality of network commands to a managing server before the first data collector agent or the second data collector agent are initiated to collect data. 18. The method of claim 17, further including collecting inventory data, statistics, events, and logs of a cloud computing environment from the managing server. 19. The method of claim 16, further including determining a hop count value, a round trip time value, a total time to transfer inventory data, and an inventory summary time for the first data collector agent and the second data collector agent based on the plurality of network command responses. 20. The method of claim 16, further including applying the weighted values to the network connectivity parameters to determine a weighted sum of the network connectivity parameters, wherein the first data collector agent has a first weighted sum and the second data collector agent has a second weighted sum. 21. The method of claim 20, further including determining the first network connectivity factor based on the first weighted sum and determines the second network connectivity factor based on the second weighted sum. | An example apparatus comprises a variable determiner to: parse a plurality of network command responses from a first data collector agent and from a second data collector agent; initialize a value for network connectivity parameters corresponding to the network command responses, the value corresponding to the parsed plurality of network command responses; and assign weighted values to the network connectivity parameters; a connectivity analyzer to determine a first network connectivity factor for the first data collector agent and a second network connectivity factor for the second data collector agent; and a recommender system to: determine whether the first network connectivity factor is a smaller value than the second network connectivity factor; and when the first network connectivity factor is the smaller value, initiate the first data collector agent corresponding to the first network connectivity factor to begin collecting data.1. An apparatus comprising:
a variable determiner to:
parse a plurality of network command responses from a first data collector agent and from a second data collector agent;
initialize a value for network connectivity parameters corresponding to the network command responses, the value corresponding to the parsed plurality of network command responses; and
assign weighted values to the network connectivity parameters;
a connectivity analyzer to determine a first network connectivity factor for the first data collector agent and a second network connectivity factor for the second data collector agent; and a recommender system to:
determine whether the first network connectivity factor is a smaller value than the second network connectivity factor; and
when the first network connectivity factor is the smaller value, initiate the first data collector agent corresponding to the first network connectivity factor to begin collecting data. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further including a communication processor to accept the plurality of network command responses from the first data collector agent and the second data collector agent. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the communication processor is to trigger the first data collector agent and the second data collector agent to send a plurality of network commands to a managing server before the first data collector agent or the second data collector agent are initiated to collect data. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the managing server includes inventory data, statistics, events, and logs of a cloud computing environment for the first data collector agent or the second data collector agent to collect. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of network command responses from the first data collector agent are indicative of a first network latency and a first network throughput between the first data collector agent and a managing server and the plurality of network command responses from the second data collector agent are indicative of a second network latency and a second network throughput between the second data collector agent and the managing server. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first data collector agent is in a first geographic location and the second data collector agent is in a second geographic location, the first data collector agent in the same geographic location as a managing server. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the variable determiner is to determine a hop count value, a round trip time value, a total time to transfer inventory data, and an inventory summary time for the first data collector agent and the second data collector agent based on the plurality of network command responses. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the connectivity analyzer is to apply the weighted values to the network connectivity parameters to determine a weighted sum of the network connectivity parameters, wherein the first data collector agent has a first weighted sum and the second data collector agent has a second weighted sum. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the connectivity analyzer is to determine the first network connectivity factor based on the first weighted sum and determine the second network connectivity factor based on the second weighted sum. 10. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising computer readable instructions that, when executed, cause at least one processor to at least:
parse a plurality of network command responses from a first data collector agent and from a second data collector agent; initialize a value for network connectivity parameters corresponding to the network command responses, the value corresponding to the parsed plurality of network command responses; assign weighted values to the network connectivity parameters; determine a first network connectivity factor for the first data collector agent and a second network connectivity factor for the second data collector agent; determine whether the first network connectivity factor is a smaller value than the second network connectivity factor; and when the first network connectivity factor is the smaller value, initiate the first data collector agent corresponding to the first network connectivity factor to begin collecting data. 11. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the computer readable instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to trigger the first data collector agent and the second data collector agent to send a plurality of network commands to a managing server before the first data collector agent or the second data collector agent are initiated to collect data. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the computer readable instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to collect inventory data, statistics, events, and logs of a cloud computing environment from the managing server. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the computer readable instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to determine a hop count value, a round trip time value, a total time to transfer inventory data, and an inventory summary time for the first data collector agent and the second data collector agent based on the plurality of network command responses. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the computer readable instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to apply the weighted values to the network connectivity parameters to determine a weighted sum of the network connectivity parameters, wherein the first data collector agent has a first weighted sum and the second data collector agent has a second weighted sum. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the computer readable instructions, when executed, cause the at least one processor to determine the first network connectivity factor based on the first weighted sum and determines the second network connectivity factor based on the second weighted sum. 16. A method comprising:
parsing a plurality of network command responses from a first data collector agent and from a second data collector agent; initializing a value for network connectivity parameters corresponding to the network command responses, the value corresponding to the parsed plurality of network command responses; assigning weighted values to the network connectivity parameters; determining a first network connectivity factor for the first data collector agent and a second network connectivity factor for the second data collector agent; determining whether the first network connectivity factor is a smaller value than the second network connectivity factor; and when the first network connectivity factor is the smaller value, initiating the first data collector agent to begin collecting data. 17. The method of claim 16, further including triggering the first data collector agent and the second data collector agent to send a plurality of network commands to a managing server before the first data collector agent or the second data collector agent are initiated to collect data. 18. The method of claim 17, further including collecting inventory data, statistics, events, and logs of a cloud computing environment from the managing server. 19. The method of claim 16, further including determining a hop count value, a round trip time value, a total time to transfer inventory data, and an inventory summary time for the first data collector agent and the second data collector agent based on the plurality of network command responses. 20. The method of claim 16, further including applying the weighted values to the network connectivity parameters to determine a weighted sum of the network connectivity parameters, wherein the first data collector agent has a first weighted sum and the second data collector agent has a second weighted sum. 21. The method of claim 20, further including determining the first network connectivity factor based on the first weighted sum and determines the second network connectivity factor based on the second weighted sum. | 2,400 |
338,965 | 16,799,837 | 2,845 | The present invention provides a waveguide slot array antenna having an excitation slot arrangement radiating a signal corresponding to an operating frequency in a radiation plate, the waveguide slot array antenna comprising: a first auxiliary radiation plate installed on a main radiation plate and rotating a polarization plane of a signal radiated from the excitation slot arrangement of the main radiation plate; and a second auxiliary radiation plate installed on the first auxiliary radiation plate and distributing and radiating the signal, the polarization plane of which has been rotated in the first auxiliary radiation plate. | 1. A waveguide slot array antenna comprising:
a distribution plate which comprises a distribution waveguide structure for distributing an input signal to multiple coupling slots; and a radiation plate which is installed on the distribution plate and comprises multiple cavity structures configured corresponding to the multiple coupling slots to distribute the signal input through the multiple coupling slots of the distribution plate in an equal ratio and to excite the distributed signal through multiple excitation slot arrays, respectively, wherein each of the multiple cavity structures is designed to be divided into four regions for distributing the signal provided to a corresponding coupling slot of the distribution plate to four parts, and a plurality of excitation slots are formed in each of the four regions. 2. The waveguide slot array antenna of claim 1, wherein the plurality of excitation slots formed in each of the four regions of the cavity structure have centers that are offset from an array reference axis in opposite directions to a center of an adjacent excitation slot. 3. The waveguide slot array antenna of claim 1, wherein the plurality of excitation slots are formed in each of the four regions of the cavity structure such that two or three excitation slots are formed in each of the four regions. | The present invention provides a waveguide slot array antenna having an excitation slot arrangement radiating a signal corresponding to an operating frequency in a radiation plate, the waveguide slot array antenna comprising: a first auxiliary radiation plate installed on a main radiation plate and rotating a polarization plane of a signal radiated from the excitation slot arrangement of the main radiation plate; and a second auxiliary radiation plate installed on the first auxiliary radiation plate and distributing and radiating the signal, the polarization plane of which has been rotated in the first auxiliary radiation plate.1. A waveguide slot array antenna comprising:
a distribution plate which comprises a distribution waveguide structure for distributing an input signal to multiple coupling slots; and a radiation plate which is installed on the distribution plate and comprises multiple cavity structures configured corresponding to the multiple coupling slots to distribute the signal input through the multiple coupling slots of the distribution plate in an equal ratio and to excite the distributed signal through multiple excitation slot arrays, respectively, wherein each of the multiple cavity structures is designed to be divided into four regions for distributing the signal provided to a corresponding coupling slot of the distribution plate to four parts, and a plurality of excitation slots are formed in each of the four regions. 2. The waveguide slot array antenna of claim 1, wherein the plurality of excitation slots formed in each of the four regions of the cavity structure have centers that are offset from an array reference axis in opposite directions to a center of an adjacent excitation slot. 3. The waveguide slot array antenna of claim 1, wherein the plurality of excitation slots are formed in each of the four regions of the cavity structure such that two or three excitation slots are formed in each of the four regions. | 2,800 |
338,966 | 16,799,839 | 2,845 | A Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) master (110) and method therein for transferring data to a peripheral device in a data communication and processing system (100) are disclosed. The SPI master (110) comprises a memory (111) comprising a list of packets, each packet comprises data associated with a time parameter indicating at which time the data is to be transferred to the peripheral device. The time parameter is configurable. The SPI master further comprises a serial transmit and receive unit (112) to transfer the data in the list at a time according to the time parameter associated with the data. | 1. A Serial Peripheral Interface, SPI, master for transferring data to a peripheral device (PD1, PD2, PD3) in a data communication and processing system, the SPI master comprises:
a memory comprising a list of packets, each packet comprises data associated with a time parameter indicating at which time the data is to be transferred to the peripheral device, wherein the time parameter is configurable; and a serial transmit and receive unit to transfer the data in the list at a time according to the time parameter associated with the data. 2. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the serial transmit and receive unit is triggered to start process the list of packets by an external signal received from the data communication and processing system. 3. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the serial transmit and receive unit starts to process the list of packets after waiting a configurable time from receiving an initiating signal from the data communication and processing system. 4. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the serial transmit and receive unit starts to process the list of packets at a configurable absolute time. 5. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the serial transmit and receive unit transfers the data in the list of packets in a loop structure such that the list of packets is repeated for a configurable number of times. 6. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the time parameter associated with the data in each packet is an absolute time or a relative time. 7. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein at least one time parameter associated with the data is deduced using event information or a trigger signal from the peripheral device. 8. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein at least one time parameter and/or a time difference between the consecutive packets in the list is determined by using operating mode parameters of the peripheral device. 9. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the data in at least one packet is configuration data to be transferred to the peripheral device. 10. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral device is any one of a radar system, an image sensor, an audio codec, an analog-to-digital converter, a digital-to-analog converter, a motor control device, a camera, a video unit. 11. The SPI master according to claim 1 is implemented as a function block in a main system chip comprising a central processing unit for controlling operations of one or more peripheral devices. 12. A data communication and processing system comprising a SPI master according to claim 1. 13. The data communication and processing system according to claim 12 is any one of a video surveillance system, network audio system, radar system. 14. A method performed in a SPI master for transferring data to a peripheral device in a data communication and processing system, wherein the SPI master comprises a memory comprising a list of packets and a serial transmit and receive unit, wherein each packet comprises data associated with a time parameter indicating at which time the data is to be transferred to the peripheral device, the method comprising:
waiting for a trigger signal for the serial transmit and receive unit, to start process the list of packets; processing the list of packets; checking if it is time to transfer a data packet according to the time parameter associated with the data; and transferring the data packets at the time according to the time parameter associated with the data. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the serial transmit and receive unit transfers the data in the list of packets in a loop structure such that the list of packets is repeated for a configurable number of times. | A Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) master (110) and method therein for transferring data to a peripheral device in a data communication and processing system (100) are disclosed. The SPI master (110) comprises a memory (111) comprising a list of packets, each packet comprises data associated with a time parameter indicating at which time the data is to be transferred to the peripheral device. The time parameter is configurable. The SPI master further comprises a serial transmit and receive unit (112) to transfer the data in the list at a time according to the time parameter associated with the data.1. A Serial Peripheral Interface, SPI, master for transferring data to a peripheral device (PD1, PD2, PD3) in a data communication and processing system, the SPI master comprises:
a memory comprising a list of packets, each packet comprises data associated with a time parameter indicating at which time the data is to be transferred to the peripheral device, wherein the time parameter is configurable; and a serial transmit and receive unit to transfer the data in the list at a time according to the time parameter associated with the data. 2. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the serial transmit and receive unit is triggered to start process the list of packets by an external signal received from the data communication and processing system. 3. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the serial transmit and receive unit starts to process the list of packets after waiting a configurable time from receiving an initiating signal from the data communication and processing system. 4. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the serial transmit and receive unit starts to process the list of packets at a configurable absolute time. 5. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the serial transmit and receive unit transfers the data in the list of packets in a loop structure such that the list of packets is repeated for a configurable number of times. 6. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the time parameter associated with the data in each packet is an absolute time or a relative time. 7. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein at least one time parameter associated with the data is deduced using event information or a trigger signal from the peripheral device. 8. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein at least one time parameter and/or a time difference between the consecutive packets in the list is determined by using operating mode parameters of the peripheral device. 9. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the data in at least one packet is configuration data to be transferred to the peripheral device. 10. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral device is any one of a radar system, an image sensor, an audio codec, an analog-to-digital converter, a digital-to-analog converter, a motor control device, a camera, a video unit. 11. The SPI master according to claim 1 is implemented as a function block in a main system chip comprising a central processing unit for controlling operations of one or more peripheral devices. 12. A data communication and processing system comprising a SPI master according to claim 1. 13. The data communication and processing system according to claim 12 is any one of a video surveillance system, network audio system, radar system. 14. A method performed in a SPI master for transferring data to a peripheral device in a data communication and processing system, wherein the SPI master comprises a memory comprising a list of packets and a serial transmit and receive unit, wherein each packet comprises data associated with a time parameter indicating at which time the data is to be transferred to the peripheral device, the method comprising:
waiting for a trigger signal for the serial transmit and receive unit, to start process the list of packets; processing the list of packets; checking if it is time to transfer a data packet according to the time parameter associated with the data; and transferring the data packets at the time according to the time parameter associated with the data. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the serial transmit and receive unit transfers the data in the list of packets in a loop structure such that the list of packets is repeated for a configurable number of times. | 2,800 |
338,967 | 16,799,850 | 3,747 | A Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) master (110) and method therein for transferring data to a peripheral device in a data communication and processing system (100) are disclosed. The SPI master (110) comprises a memory (111) comprising a list of packets, each packet comprises data associated with a time parameter indicating at which time the data is to be transferred to the peripheral device. The time parameter is configurable. The SPI master further comprises a serial transmit and receive unit (112) to transfer the data in the list at a time according to the time parameter associated with the data. | 1. A Serial Peripheral Interface, SPI, master for transferring data to a peripheral device (PD1, PD2, PD3) in a data communication and processing system, the SPI master comprises:
a memory comprising a list of packets, each packet comprises data associated with a time parameter indicating at which time the data is to be transferred to the peripheral device, wherein the time parameter is configurable; and a serial transmit and receive unit to transfer the data in the list at a time according to the time parameter associated with the data. 2. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the serial transmit and receive unit is triggered to start process the list of packets by an external signal received from the data communication and processing system. 3. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the serial transmit and receive unit starts to process the list of packets after waiting a configurable time from receiving an initiating signal from the data communication and processing system. 4. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the serial transmit and receive unit starts to process the list of packets at a configurable absolute time. 5. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the serial transmit and receive unit transfers the data in the list of packets in a loop structure such that the list of packets is repeated for a configurable number of times. 6. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the time parameter associated with the data in each packet is an absolute time or a relative time. 7. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein at least one time parameter associated with the data is deduced using event information or a trigger signal from the peripheral device. 8. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein at least one time parameter and/or a time difference between the consecutive packets in the list is determined by using operating mode parameters of the peripheral device. 9. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the data in at least one packet is configuration data to be transferred to the peripheral device. 10. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral device is any one of a radar system, an image sensor, an audio codec, an analog-to-digital converter, a digital-to-analog converter, a motor control device, a camera, a video unit. 11. The SPI master according to claim 1 is implemented as a function block in a main system chip comprising a central processing unit for controlling operations of one or more peripheral devices. 12. A data communication and processing system comprising a SPI master according to claim 1. 13. The data communication and processing system according to claim 12 is any one of a video surveillance system, network audio system, radar system. 14. A method performed in a SPI master for transferring data to a peripheral device in a data communication and processing system, wherein the SPI master comprises a memory comprising a list of packets and a serial transmit and receive unit, wherein each packet comprises data associated with a time parameter indicating at which time the data is to be transferred to the peripheral device, the method comprising:
waiting for a trigger signal for the serial transmit and receive unit, to start process the list of packets; processing the list of packets; checking if it is time to transfer a data packet according to the time parameter associated with the data; and transferring the data packets at the time according to the time parameter associated with the data. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the serial transmit and receive unit transfers the data in the list of packets in a loop structure such that the list of packets is repeated for a configurable number of times. | A Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) master (110) and method therein for transferring data to a peripheral device in a data communication and processing system (100) are disclosed. The SPI master (110) comprises a memory (111) comprising a list of packets, each packet comprises data associated with a time parameter indicating at which time the data is to be transferred to the peripheral device. The time parameter is configurable. The SPI master further comprises a serial transmit and receive unit (112) to transfer the data in the list at a time according to the time parameter associated with the data.1. A Serial Peripheral Interface, SPI, master for transferring data to a peripheral device (PD1, PD2, PD3) in a data communication and processing system, the SPI master comprises:
a memory comprising a list of packets, each packet comprises data associated with a time parameter indicating at which time the data is to be transferred to the peripheral device, wherein the time parameter is configurable; and a serial transmit and receive unit to transfer the data in the list at a time according to the time parameter associated with the data. 2. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the serial transmit and receive unit is triggered to start process the list of packets by an external signal received from the data communication and processing system. 3. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the serial transmit and receive unit starts to process the list of packets after waiting a configurable time from receiving an initiating signal from the data communication and processing system. 4. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the serial transmit and receive unit starts to process the list of packets at a configurable absolute time. 5. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the serial transmit and receive unit transfers the data in the list of packets in a loop structure such that the list of packets is repeated for a configurable number of times. 6. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the time parameter associated with the data in each packet is an absolute time or a relative time. 7. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein at least one time parameter associated with the data is deduced using event information or a trigger signal from the peripheral device. 8. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein at least one time parameter and/or a time difference between the consecutive packets in the list is determined by using operating mode parameters of the peripheral device. 9. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the data in at least one packet is configuration data to be transferred to the peripheral device. 10. The SPI master according to claim 1, wherein the peripheral device is any one of a radar system, an image sensor, an audio codec, an analog-to-digital converter, a digital-to-analog converter, a motor control device, a camera, a video unit. 11. The SPI master according to claim 1 is implemented as a function block in a main system chip comprising a central processing unit for controlling operations of one or more peripheral devices. 12. A data communication and processing system comprising a SPI master according to claim 1. 13. The data communication and processing system according to claim 12 is any one of a video surveillance system, network audio system, radar system. 14. A method performed in a SPI master for transferring data to a peripheral device in a data communication and processing system, wherein the SPI master comprises a memory comprising a list of packets and a serial transmit and receive unit, wherein each packet comprises data associated with a time parameter indicating at which time the data is to be transferred to the peripheral device, the method comprising:
waiting for a trigger signal for the serial transmit and receive unit, to start process the list of packets; processing the list of packets; checking if it is time to transfer a data packet according to the time parameter associated with the data; and transferring the data packets at the time according to the time parameter associated with the data. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the serial transmit and receive unit transfers the data in the list of packets in a loop structure such that the list of packets is repeated for a configurable number of times. | 3,700 |
338,968 | 16,799,842 | 2,698 | An image capturing device comprising an image sensor. The image sensor comprises: a first sensing region, having a first sensing threshold; and a second sensing region, having a second sensing threshold lower than the first sensing threshold. At least one object image is determined to be invalid when the object image captured by the first sensing region has brightness formation lower the first sensing threshold. At least one the object image is determined to be invalid when the object image captured by the second sensing region has brightness formation lower the second sensing threshold. The present invention also discloses a distance measuring device using the image sensor. | 1. An image capturing device, comprising:
an image sensor, comprising:
a first sensing region, having a first sensing threshold; and
a second sensing region, having a second sensing threshold lower than the first sensing threshold;
wherein at least one object image is determined to be invalid when the object image captured by the first sensing region has brightness formation lower the first sensing threshold; wherein at least one the object image is determined to be invalid when the object image captured by the second sensing region has brightness formation lower the second sensing threshold. 2. The image capturing device of claim 1,
wherein the object image is captured by the first sensing region when the image capturing device has a first distance from the target article, and the object image is captured by the second sensing region when the image capturing device has a second distance from the target article; wherein the first sensing threshold is inversely proportional to the first distance and the second sensing threshold is inversely proportional to the second distance. 3. The image capturing device of claim 2, wherein the first sensing threshold is inversely proportional to a square of the first distance and the second sensing threshold is inversely proportional to a square of the second distance. 4. The image capturing device of claim 1,
wherein the object image is captured by the first sensing region when the image capturing device has a first distance from an object generating the object image, and the object image is captured by the second sensing region when the image capturing device has a second distance from the object; wherein a difference between the first sensing threshold and the second sensing threshold is inversely proportional to a difference between the first distance and the second distance. 5. The image capturing device of claim 1, further comprising:
a light source, located above the image sensor, wherein the object image is generated by light from the light source or ambient light; wherein the second sensing region is located below the first sensing region. 6. The image capturing device of claim 5, wherein the light source is a point light source or a line light source. 7. The image capturing device of claim 1, further comprising:
a light source, located below the image sensor, wherein the object image is generated by light from the light source or ambient light; wherein the second sensing region is located above the first sensing region. 8. The image capturing device of claim 7, wherein the light source is a point light source or a line light source. 9. The image capturing device of claim 1, wherein a size of the second sensing region is smaller than a size of the first sensing region. 10. A distance measuring device, comprising:
a light source; an image sensor, configured to capture at least one object image generated by light from the light source or generated by ambient light, comprising:
a first sensing region, having a first sensing threshold; and
a second sensing region, having a second sensing threshold lower than the first sensing threshold; and
a control circuit, configured to compute a distance between the image sensor and a target article according to the object image; wherein the control circuit does not use the object image to compute the distance when at least one object image captured by the first sensing region has brightness formation lower than the first sensing threshold; wherein the control circuit does not use the object image to compute the distance when at least one object image captured by the second sensing region has brightness formation lower than the second sensing threshold. 11. The distance measuring device of claim 10,
wherein the object image is captured by the first sensing region when the distance measuring device has a first distance from the target article, and the object image is captured by the second sensing region when the distance measuring device has a second distance from the target article; wherein the first sensing threshold is inversely proportional to the first distance and the second sensing threshold is inversely proportional to the second distance. 12. The distance measuring device of claim 11, wherein the first sensing threshold is inversely proportional to a square of the first distance and the second sensing threshold is inversely proportional to a square of the second distance. 13. The distance measuring device of claim 10,
wherein the object image is captured by the first sensing region when the image capturing device has a first distance from an object generating the object image, and the object image is captured by the second sensing region when the image capturing device has a second distance from the object; wherein a difference between the first sensing threshold and the second sensing threshold is inversely proportional to a difference between the first distance and the second distance. 14. The distance measuring device of claim 10,
wherein the light source is located above the image sensor, and the second sensing region is located below the first sensing region. 15. The distance measuring device of claim 14, wherein the light source is a point light source or a line light source. 16. The distance measuring device of claim 10, further comprising:
wherein the light source is located below the image sensor, and the second sensing region is located above the first sensing region. 17. The distance measuring device of claim 16, wherein the light source is a point light source or a line light source. 18. The distance measuring device of claim 10, wherein a size of the second sensing region is smaller than a size of the first sensing region. | An image capturing device comprising an image sensor. The image sensor comprises: a first sensing region, having a first sensing threshold; and a second sensing region, having a second sensing threshold lower than the first sensing threshold. At least one object image is determined to be invalid when the object image captured by the first sensing region has brightness formation lower the first sensing threshold. At least one the object image is determined to be invalid when the object image captured by the second sensing region has brightness formation lower the second sensing threshold. The present invention also discloses a distance measuring device using the image sensor.1. An image capturing device, comprising:
an image sensor, comprising:
a first sensing region, having a first sensing threshold; and
a second sensing region, having a second sensing threshold lower than the first sensing threshold;
wherein at least one object image is determined to be invalid when the object image captured by the first sensing region has brightness formation lower the first sensing threshold; wherein at least one the object image is determined to be invalid when the object image captured by the second sensing region has brightness formation lower the second sensing threshold. 2. The image capturing device of claim 1,
wherein the object image is captured by the first sensing region when the image capturing device has a first distance from the target article, and the object image is captured by the second sensing region when the image capturing device has a second distance from the target article; wherein the first sensing threshold is inversely proportional to the first distance and the second sensing threshold is inversely proportional to the second distance. 3. The image capturing device of claim 2, wherein the first sensing threshold is inversely proportional to a square of the first distance and the second sensing threshold is inversely proportional to a square of the second distance. 4. The image capturing device of claim 1,
wherein the object image is captured by the first sensing region when the image capturing device has a first distance from an object generating the object image, and the object image is captured by the second sensing region when the image capturing device has a second distance from the object; wherein a difference between the first sensing threshold and the second sensing threshold is inversely proportional to a difference between the first distance and the second distance. 5. The image capturing device of claim 1, further comprising:
a light source, located above the image sensor, wherein the object image is generated by light from the light source or ambient light; wherein the second sensing region is located below the first sensing region. 6. The image capturing device of claim 5, wherein the light source is a point light source or a line light source. 7. The image capturing device of claim 1, further comprising:
a light source, located below the image sensor, wherein the object image is generated by light from the light source or ambient light; wherein the second sensing region is located above the first sensing region. 8. The image capturing device of claim 7, wherein the light source is a point light source or a line light source. 9. The image capturing device of claim 1, wherein a size of the second sensing region is smaller than a size of the first sensing region. 10. A distance measuring device, comprising:
a light source; an image sensor, configured to capture at least one object image generated by light from the light source or generated by ambient light, comprising:
a first sensing region, having a first sensing threshold; and
a second sensing region, having a second sensing threshold lower than the first sensing threshold; and
a control circuit, configured to compute a distance between the image sensor and a target article according to the object image; wherein the control circuit does not use the object image to compute the distance when at least one object image captured by the first sensing region has brightness formation lower than the first sensing threshold; wherein the control circuit does not use the object image to compute the distance when at least one object image captured by the second sensing region has brightness formation lower than the second sensing threshold. 11. The distance measuring device of claim 10,
wherein the object image is captured by the first sensing region when the distance measuring device has a first distance from the target article, and the object image is captured by the second sensing region when the distance measuring device has a second distance from the target article; wherein the first sensing threshold is inversely proportional to the first distance and the second sensing threshold is inversely proportional to the second distance. 12. The distance measuring device of claim 11, wherein the first sensing threshold is inversely proportional to a square of the first distance and the second sensing threshold is inversely proportional to a square of the second distance. 13. The distance measuring device of claim 10,
wherein the object image is captured by the first sensing region when the image capturing device has a first distance from an object generating the object image, and the object image is captured by the second sensing region when the image capturing device has a second distance from the object; wherein a difference between the first sensing threshold and the second sensing threshold is inversely proportional to a difference between the first distance and the second distance. 14. The distance measuring device of claim 10,
wherein the light source is located above the image sensor, and the second sensing region is located below the first sensing region. 15. The distance measuring device of claim 14, wherein the light source is a point light source or a line light source. 16. The distance measuring device of claim 10, further comprising:
wherein the light source is located below the image sensor, and the second sensing region is located above the first sensing region. 17. The distance measuring device of claim 16, wherein the light source is a point light source or a line light source. 18. The distance measuring device of claim 10, wherein a size of the second sensing region is smaller than a size of the first sensing region. | 2,600 |
338,969 | 16,642,018 | 2,698 | A method for managing measurement parameters of cell handover includes: acquiring a target parameter, the target parameter varying along with altitude and may be used for characterizing the parameter of the altitude at which an aircraft is located; determining a target measurement parameter of cell handover according to the target parameter; performing cell handover processing according to the target measurement parameter. | 1. A method for managing a measurement parameter for cell handover, performed by an aerial vehicle and comprising:
acquiring, by the aerial vehicle, a target parameter in a flight process, the target parameter being a parameter varying with an altitude and configurable to indicate an altitude of the aerial vehicle; determining, by the aerial vehicle, a target measurement parameter for cell handover according to the target parameter; and performing, by the aerial vehicle, cell handover processing according to the target measurement parameter. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the target parameter comprises one or more of:
a parameter on an altitude value; a parameter on a number of detected cells other than a presently-accessed cell; a parameter on a number of detected cells, other than the presently-accessed cell and neighbor cells of the presently-accessed cell; and a parameter on an increase speed of a number of detected cells. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the aerial vehicle, a first notification message sent by a base station, the first notification message being used to instruct the aerial vehicle to detect the target parameter. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining, by the aerial vehicle, the target measurement parameter for cell handover according to the target parameter comprises:
determining, by the aerial vehicle, a target regulation factor corresponding to the currently-acquired target parameter according to pre-stored correspondences between target parameters and regulation factors; and acquiring, by the aerial vehicle, a product of the target regulation factor and a pre-stored reference measurement parameter for cell handover to obtain the target measurement parameter for cell handover. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
receiving, by the aerial vehicle, a second notification message sent by the base station, the second notification message containing the reference measurement parameter and the correspondences between the target parameters and the regulation factors; and storing, by the aerial vehicle, the correspondences and the reference measurement parameter. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the measurement parameter comprises a TimeToTrigger. 7. An aerial vehicle, comprising:
a processor; and memory having at least one instruction stored thereon, wherein the processor is configured to: acquire a target parameter in a flight process, the target parameter being a parameter varying with an altitude and configurable to indicate an altitude of the aerial vehicle; determine a target measurement parameter for cell handover according to the target parameter; and perform cell handover processing according to the target measurement parameter. 8. The aerial vehicle of claim 7, wherein the target parameter comprises one or more of:
a parameter on an altitude value; a parameter on a number of detected cells other than a presently-accessed cell; a parameter on a number of detected cells, other than the presently-accessed cell and neighbor cells of the presently-accessed cell; and a parameter on an increase speed of a number of detected cells. 9. The aerial vehicle of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a first notification message sent by a base station, the first notification message being used to instruct the aerial vehicle to detect the target parameter. 10. The aerial vehicle of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a target regulation factor corresponding to the currently-acquired target parameter according to pre-stored correspondences between target parameters and regulation factors; and acquire a product of the target regulation factor and a pre-stored reference measurement parameter for cell handover to obtain the target measurement parameter for cell handover. 11. The aerial vehicle of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a second notification message sent by the base station, the second notification message containing the reference measurement parameter and the correspondences between the target parameters and the regulation factors; and store the correspondences and the reference measurement parameter. 12. The aerial vehicle of claim 7, wherein the measurement parameter comprises a TimeToTrigger. 13. (canceled) 14. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having at least one instruction stored thereon, wherein the instruction is loaded and executed by a processor to implement a method for managing the measurement parameter, the method comprising:
acquiring a target parameter in a flight process, the target parameter being a parameter varying with an altitude and configurable to indicate an altitude of the aerial vehicle; determining a target measurement parameter for cell handover according to the target parameter; and performing cell handover processing according to the target measurement parameter. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the target parameter comprises one or more of:
a parameter on an altitude value; a parameter on a number of detected cells other than a presently-accessed cell; a parameter on a number of detected cells, other than the presently-accessed cell and neighbor cells of the presently-accessed cell; and a parameter on an increase speed of a number of detected cells. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the instruction is loaded and executed by the processor to implement the method for managing the measurement parameter for cell handover, the method further comprises:
receiving a first notification message sent by a base station, the first notification message being used to instruct the aerial vehicle to detect the target parameter. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the determining the target measurement parameter for cell handover according to the target parameter comprises:
determining a target regulation factor corresponding to the currently-acquired target parameter according to pre-stored correspondences between target parameters and regulation factors; and acquiring a product of the target regulation factor and a pre-stored reference measurement parameter for cell handover to obtain the target measurement parameter for cell handover. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the instruction is loaded and executed by the processor to implement the method for managing the measurement parameter for cell handover, the method further comprises:
receiving a second notification message sent by the base station, the second notification message containing the reference measurement parameter and the correspondences between the target parameters and the regulation factors; and storing the correspondences and the reference measurement parameter. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the measurement parameter comprises a TimeToTrigger. 20. An aerial vehicle implementing the method of claim 1, wherein the aerial vehicle is configured to have different measurement parameters at different altitudes, and have a longer Time To Trigger when flying at a higher altitude, to thereby avoid frequent cell handover, thereby reducing failure rate of data transmission. | A method for managing measurement parameters of cell handover includes: acquiring a target parameter, the target parameter varying along with altitude and may be used for characterizing the parameter of the altitude at which an aircraft is located; determining a target measurement parameter of cell handover according to the target parameter; performing cell handover processing according to the target measurement parameter.1. A method for managing a measurement parameter for cell handover, performed by an aerial vehicle and comprising:
acquiring, by the aerial vehicle, a target parameter in a flight process, the target parameter being a parameter varying with an altitude and configurable to indicate an altitude of the aerial vehicle; determining, by the aerial vehicle, a target measurement parameter for cell handover according to the target parameter; and performing, by the aerial vehicle, cell handover processing according to the target measurement parameter. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the target parameter comprises one or more of:
a parameter on an altitude value; a parameter on a number of detected cells other than a presently-accessed cell; a parameter on a number of detected cells, other than the presently-accessed cell and neighbor cells of the presently-accessed cell; and a parameter on an increase speed of a number of detected cells. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the aerial vehicle, a first notification message sent by a base station, the first notification message being used to instruct the aerial vehicle to detect the target parameter. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining, by the aerial vehicle, the target measurement parameter for cell handover according to the target parameter comprises:
determining, by the aerial vehicle, a target regulation factor corresponding to the currently-acquired target parameter according to pre-stored correspondences between target parameters and regulation factors; and acquiring, by the aerial vehicle, a product of the target regulation factor and a pre-stored reference measurement parameter for cell handover to obtain the target measurement parameter for cell handover. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
receiving, by the aerial vehicle, a second notification message sent by the base station, the second notification message containing the reference measurement parameter and the correspondences between the target parameters and the regulation factors; and storing, by the aerial vehicle, the correspondences and the reference measurement parameter. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the measurement parameter comprises a TimeToTrigger. 7. An aerial vehicle, comprising:
a processor; and memory having at least one instruction stored thereon, wherein the processor is configured to: acquire a target parameter in a flight process, the target parameter being a parameter varying with an altitude and configurable to indicate an altitude of the aerial vehicle; determine a target measurement parameter for cell handover according to the target parameter; and perform cell handover processing according to the target measurement parameter. 8. The aerial vehicle of claim 7, wherein the target parameter comprises one or more of:
a parameter on an altitude value; a parameter on a number of detected cells other than a presently-accessed cell; a parameter on a number of detected cells, other than the presently-accessed cell and neighbor cells of the presently-accessed cell; and a parameter on an increase speed of a number of detected cells. 9. The aerial vehicle of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a first notification message sent by a base station, the first notification message being used to instruct the aerial vehicle to detect the target parameter. 10. The aerial vehicle of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine a target regulation factor corresponding to the currently-acquired target parameter according to pre-stored correspondences between target parameters and regulation factors; and acquire a product of the target regulation factor and a pre-stored reference measurement parameter for cell handover to obtain the target measurement parameter for cell handover. 11. The aerial vehicle of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a second notification message sent by the base station, the second notification message containing the reference measurement parameter and the correspondences between the target parameters and the regulation factors; and store the correspondences and the reference measurement parameter. 12. The aerial vehicle of claim 7, wherein the measurement parameter comprises a TimeToTrigger. 13. (canceled) 14. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having at least one instruction stored thereon, wherein the instruction is loaded and executed by a processor to implement a method for managing the measurement parameter, the method comprising:
acquiring a target parameter in a flight process, the target parameter being a parameter varying with an altitude and configurable to indicate an altitude of the aerial vehicle; determining a target measurement parameter for cell handover according to the target parameter; and performing cell handover processing according to the target measurement parameter. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the target parameter comprises one or more of:
a parameter on an altitude value; a parameter on a number of detected cells other than a presently-accessed cell; a parameter on a number of detected cells, other than the presently-accessed cell and neighbor cells of the presently-accessed cell; and a parameter on an increase speed of a number of detected cells. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the instruction is loaded and executed by the processor to implement the method for managing the measurement parameter for cell handover, the method further comprises:
receiving a first notification message sent by a base station, the first notification message being used to instruct the aerial vehicle to detect the target parameter. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the determining the target measurement parameter for cell handover according to the target parameter comprises:
determining a target regulation factor corresponding to the currently-acquired target parameter according to pre-stored correspondences between target parameters and regulation factors; and acquiring a product of the target regulation factor and a pre-stored reference measurement parameter for cell handover to obtain the target measurement parameter for cell handover. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the instruction is loaded and executed by the processor to implement the method for managing the measurement parameter for cell handover, the method further comprises:
receiving a second notification message sent by the base station, the second notification message containing the reference measurement parameter and the correspondences between the target parameters and the regulation factors; and storing the correspondences and the reference measurement parameter. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the measurement parameter comprises a TimeToTrigger. 20. An aerial vehicle implementing the method of claim 1, wherein the aerial vehicle is configured to have different measurement parameters at different altitudes, and have a longer Time To Trigger when flying at a higher altitude, to thereby avoid frequent cell handover, thereby reducing failure rate of data transmission. | 2,600 |
338,970 | 16,641,985 | 2,698 | The present disclosure provides industrially scalable methods of making (Z)-endoxifen or a salt thereof, crystalline forms of endoxifen, and compositions comprising them. The present disclosure also provides methods for treating hormone-dependent breast and hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorders. | 1. A composition comprising a crystalline form of a compound of Formula (III): 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein at least 90% by weight of the compound of Formula (III) in the composition is the (Z)-isomer. 3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the crystalline form is Form I of the compound of Formula (III). 4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising major peaks at 16.8 0.3°, 17.1±0.3° and 21.8±0.3° two theta. 5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises at least one peak selected from 16.0 0.3°, 18.8±0.3° and 26.5±0.3° two theta. 6. The composition of claim 4 or 5, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises at least one peak selected from 12.3±0.3°, 28.0±0.3° and 29.0±0.3° two theta. 7. The composition of claim 4, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises peaks at 12.3±0.3°, 16.0±0.3°, 18.8±0.3°, 26.5±0.3°, 28.0±0.3° and 29.0±0.3° two theta. 8. The composition of any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as set forth in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10. 9. The composition of any one of claims 3 to 8, wherein greater than 90%, 95% or 99% by weight of the compound of Formula (III) in the composition is crystalline Form I. 10. The composition of any one of claims 3 to 9, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 200 mg of crystalline Form I. 11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the composition comprises about 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of crystalline Form I. 12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises the (E)-isomer and the (Z)-isomer of the compound of Formula (III) in an E/Z ratio between 0.9 and 1.3. 13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the E/Z ratio is about 1.1. 14. The composition of claim 12 or 13, wherein the crystalline form is Form II of the compound of Formula (III). 15. The composition of claim 14, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising major peaks at 7.0±0.3°, 11.9±0.3°, 14.0±0.3° and 18.4±0.3° two theta. 16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises a peak at 22.0±0.3° two theta. 17. The composition of claim 15 or 16, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises at least one peak selected from 6.6±0.3°, 13.3±0.3° and 20.0±0.3° two theta. 18. The composition of claim 15, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises peaks at 6.6±0.3°, 13.3±0.3°, 20.0±0.3° and 22.0±0.3° two theta. 19. The composition of any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as set forth in FIG. 11 or FIG. 12. 20. The composition of any one of claims 14 to 19, wherein greater than 90%, 95% or 99% by weight of the compound of Formula (III) in the composition is crystalline Form II. 21. The composition of any one of claims 14 to 20, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 200 mg of crystalline Form II. 22. The composition of claim 21, wherein the composition comprises about 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of crystalline Form II. 23. The composition of claim 12 or 13, wherein the crystalline form is Form III of the compound of Formula (III). 24. The composition of claim 23, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising major peaks at 11.9±0.3°, 13.9±0.3°, 17.1±0.3° and 17.7±0.3° two theta. 25. The composition of claim 24, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises a peak at 25.3±0.3° two theta. 26. The composition of claim 24 or 25, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises at least one peak selected from 18.2±0.3°, 22.5±0.3° and 26.8±0.3° two theta. 27. The composition of claim 24, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises peaks at 18.2±0.3°, 22.5±0.3°, 25.3±0.3° and 26.8±0.3° two theta. 28. The composition of any one of claims 23 to 27, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as set forth in FIG. 13. 29. The composition of any one of claims 23 to 28, wherein greater than 90%, 95% or 99% by weight of the compound of Formula (III) in the composition is crystalline Form III. 30. The composition of any one of claims 23 to 29, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 200 mg of crystalline Form III. 31. The composition of claim 30, wherein the composition comprises about 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of crystalline Form III. 32. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and the composition of any one of the preceding claims. 33. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is formulated for oral, parenteral, topical, or intraductal delivery. 34. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is formulated for oral delivery as a tablet, a caplet, a capsule, or a pill. 35. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein a mean half-life of endoxifen in a subject treated with the composition is between 30 hours to 60 hours. 36. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is formulated for oral delivery as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 37. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is administered to a subject for the treatment or prevention of a hormone-dependent breast disorder, a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder, or both in the subject. 38. An oral composition comprising 1 mg to 200 mg per unit dose of the composition of any one of the preceding claims for administration to a subject in need thereof, wherein daily administration of the oral composition achieves in the subject:
a steady state plasma level of endoxifen within 7 to 21 days; a steady state plasma level of endoxifen ranging from 25 nM to 300 nM; a steady state plasma level of endoxifen greater than 30 nM; maximal plasma levels of endoxifen within 2 to 10 hours after administering; or any combination thereof. 39. The oral composition of claim 38, wherein a mean half-life of endoxifen in a subject treated with the composition is between 40 hours to 55 hours. 40. The oral composition of claim 38 or 39, wherein the composition is formulated as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 41. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of endoxifen in the composition is released in the intestines. 42. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, having a mean area under the curve extrapolated to time infinity (AUC0-inf) of endoxifen of 200 hr*ng/mL to 10000 hr*ng/mL, of 300 hr*ng/mL to 8000 hr*ng/mL, of 400 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL or of 700 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL. 43. A method of treating a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject the composition of any one of claims 1 to 42. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the subject has or is at risk of having a hormone-dependent breast disorder, a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder, or both. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the hormone-dependent breast disorder or the hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder is a benign breast disorder, hyperplasia, atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, increased breast density, gynecomastia, DCIS, LCIS, breast cancer, precocious puberty, McCune-Albright Syndrome, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, or vulvar cancer. 46. The method of any one of claims 43 to 45, wherein the subject has prostate cancer and wherein the subject further has or is at risk of having gynecomastia. 47. The method of any one of claims 43 to 46, wherein the subject has tamoxifen-refractory or tamoxifen resistant hormone-dependent breast disorder or hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder. 48. The method of any one of claims 43 to 47, wherein the subject is or will be treated with an SSRI drug selected from the group consisting of citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, and vilazodone. 49. The method of any one of claims 43 to 48, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 200 mg of (Z)-endoxifen. 50. The method of any one of claims 43 to 49, wherein the subject is administered about 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of (Z)-endoxifen daily. 51. The method of any one of claims 43 to 50, wherein a steady state plasma level of endoxifen in the subject is greater than 30 nM. 52. The method of any one of claims 43 to 51, wherein the steady state plasma level of endoxifen is achieved within 7 to 21 days of the first administration of the composition. 53. The method of any one of claims 43 to 52, wherein time to maximum plasma levels of endoxifen ranges from 2 hours to 10 hours or from 4 hours to 8 hours after administering the composition. 54. A method of treating a subject having or at risk of having a hormone-dependent breast disorder, a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder, or both, the method comprising administering the composition of any one of claims 1 to 42, wherein administration of the composition achieves:
a mean half-life of endoxifen in the subject ranging from 30 hours to 60 hours after administration;
a time to maximum plasma levels of endoxifen ranging from 4 hours to 8 hours after administration; and
a steady state plasma level of endoxifen greater than 30 nM. 55. The method of claim 54, wherein the hormone-dependent breast disorder and the hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder are selected from the group consisting of benign breast disorders, hyperplasia, atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, increased breast density, gynecomastia, DCIS, LCIS, breast cancer, precocious puberty, McCune-Albright Syndrome, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer. 56. The method of claim 54 or 55, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 200 mg of (Z)-endoxifen. 57. The method of claim 56, wherein the subject is administered about 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of (Z)-endoxifen. 58. The method of any one of claims 43 to 57, wherein the mean area under the curve extrapolated to time infinity (AUC0-inf) of endoxifen is 200 hr*ng/mL to 10000 hr*ng/mL, 300 hr*ng/mL to 8000 hr*ng/mL, 400 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL or 700 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL. 59. The method of any one of claims 43 to 58, wherein the composition is formulated as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 60. The method of any one of claims 43 to 59, wherein at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of endoxifen in the composition is released in the intestines. 61. The method of any one of claims 43 to 60, wherein the composition is administered once a day, twice a day, thrice a day, four times a day, every other day, twice a week, weekly, fortnightly, twice a month, monthly, quarterly, once every six months, or annually. 62. An industrially scalable process for manufacturing (Z)-endoxifen, comprising the steps of:
(a) subjecting a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen, compounds of Formula (III), represented by 63. An industrially scalable process for manufacturing the crystalline form of any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising the steps of:
(a) subjecting a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen, compounds of Formula (III), represented by 64. The process of claim 62 or 63, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen is prepared by coupling a compound of Formula (II), (4-hydroxyphenyl)(4-(2-(methylamino)ethoxy)phenyl) methanone, to propiophenone mediated by a McMurry reaction via a titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen; and wherein the compound of Formula (II) has a structure represented by 65. The process of claim 64, further comprising preparing the compound of Formula (II) by demethylating [4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl](4-hydroxyphenyl)methanone, a compound of Formula (I), wherein the compound of Formula (I) has the structure 66. The process of any one of claims 62 to 65, wherein the first solvent is ethyl acetate, IPA, IPA/PPW, ACN, ACN/PPW or acetone. 67. The process of any one of claims 62 to 66, wherein the second solvent is IPA, IPA/PPW, acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, or acetone/MTBE. 68. The process of any one of claims 62 to 67, wherein the third solvent is ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, IPA, IPA/PPW, n-heptane, or acetone. 69. The process of any one of claims 62 to 68, further comprising pre-heating any one or more of the first solvent, the second solvent and the third solvent to a temperature ranging from 40° C. to 80° C. 70. The process of any one of claims 62 to 69, wherein each fractional crystallization and recrystallization step independently comprises a step of distillation at 50° C. to 80° C.; and cooling the solution to a temperature ranging from 0° C. to NMT 35° C. 71. The process of any one of claims 64 to 70, further comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (II) with propiophenone in an inert organic solvent;
(b) preparing a titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent; and
(c) reacting the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) with the titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent of step (b) to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 72. The process of any one of claims 64 to 71, further comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (II) with propiophenone (1:0.01 to 1:5 wt/wt) in an inert organic solvent (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt);
(b) preparing a titanium salt (1:0.1 to 1:12 wt/wt) and a reducing agent (1:0.01 to 1:10 wt/wt) in an inert organic solvent (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt); and
(c) reacting the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) with the titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent of step (b) to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen;
wherein wt/wt is with respect to compound of Formula (II). 73. The process of any one of claims 64 to 72, wherein the titanium salt is selected from the group consisting of titanium halides (such as titanium trichloride (TiCl3), titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), titanium iodides, titanium bromides, and titanium fluorides), titanium(IV) trichloride isopropoxide, and titanium isopropoxide. 74. The process of any one of claims 64 to 73, wherein the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of zinc, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminum, magnesium, potassium, zinc-copper couple, alkali and alkali earth metals, butylium, lithium, and lithium aluminum hydride. 75. The process of any one of claims 64 to 74, wherein the inert organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, diethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, tert-butyl methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, diglyme, nitromethane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, pyridine, acetone, acetonitrile, benzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, xylenes, hexanes, cyclohexane, heptane, octane, nonane, and decane, or a combination thereof. 76. The process of any one of claims 64 to 75, wherein the preparation of the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent in step (b) further comprises maintaining the temperature of the reaction at a temperature of NMT 75° C., NMT 65° C., NMT 55° C., NMT 50° C., NMT 45° C., NMT 40° C., NMT 35° C., NMT 30° C., NMT 25° C., NMT 20° C., or NMT 15° C. when the titanium salt is added to the reducing agent and the inert organic solvent. 77. The process of any one of claims 64 to 76, wherein the preparation of the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent further comprising maintaining the temperature of the reaction at a temperature NMT 75° C., NMT 70° C., NMT 65° C., NMT 60° C., NMT 55° C., NMT 50° C., or NMT 45° C. when the titanium salt is added to the reducing agent and the inert organic solvent. 78. The process of any one of claims 64 to 77, wherein the preparation of the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent in step (b) further comprises heating the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent to a temperature ranging from 20° C. to 250° C., from 40° C. to 70° C., from 50° C. to 230° C., from 50° C. to 120° C., or from 150° C. to 200° C. 79. The process of any one of claims 64 to 78, wherein the preparation of the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent in step (b) further comprises heating the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent under reflux for NLT 30 min, NLT 1 hour, NLT 2 hours, NLT 4 hours, NLT 6 hours, or NLT 8 hours under N2 or argon. 80. The process of any one of claims 64 to 79, wherein the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) is reacted with titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent of step (b) under reflux to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 81. The process of any one of claims 64 to 80, wherein the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) is reacted with titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent of step (b) at a temperature ranging from 40° C. to 80° C. to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen for NLT 4 hours, NLT 6 hours, NLT 8 hours, NLT 12 hours, NLT 24 hours, or NLT 48 hours. 82. The process of any one of claims 64 to 81, further comprising a step of cooling the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen to a temperature ranging from 0° C. to 30° C. 83. The process of any one of claims 64 to 82, further comprising one or more steps of:
(a) extraction of the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen;
(b) washing the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen;
(c) distillation of the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen; and
(d) crystallization to afford a crystalline solid mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 84. The process of claim 83, wherein the extraction is carried out one or more times in MeTHF or THF. 85. The process of any one of claims 65 to 84, further comprising generating the compound of Formula (II) by demethylating the compound of Formula (I) with a demethylating agent (1:0.5 to 1:10 wt/wt) and a proton acceptor (1:0.5 to 1:10 wt/wt) in an inert organic solvent (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt) to form the compound of Formula (II), wherein the wt/wt ratios are with respect to the compound of Formula (I). 86. The process of any one of claims 65 to 85, wherein the proton acceptor is selected from the group consisting of carbonates, such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, and bicarbonates, such as sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate, proton sponge, and DIPEA. 87. The process of any one of claims 65 to 86, wherein the demethylating agent is selected from the group consisting of N-iodosuccinamide, ethyl chloroformates (such as 1-chloroethyl chloroformate, dichloroethyl chloroformate, trichloroethyl chloroformate, α-chloroethyl chloroformate), vinyl chloroformate, cynogen bromide, diethyl azodicarboxylate, and pyridinium chloride. 88. The process of any one of claims 65 to 87, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is reacted with the demethylating agent and the proton acceptor at a temperature ranging from 20° C. to 250° C., from 40° C. to 80° C., from 50° C. to 230° C., from 50° C. to 120° C., and from 150° C. to 200° C. 89. The process of any one of claims 65 to 88, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is reacted with the demethylating agent and the proton acceptor under reflux. 90. The process of any one of claims 65 to 89, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is reacted with the demethylating agent and the proton acceptor for NLT 5 hours, NLT 8 hours, NLT 12 hours, NLT 24 hours, NLT36 hours, NLT 48 hour or NLT 72 hours. 91. The process of any one of claims 3 or 85 to 90, further comprising one or more steps of:
(a) distillation;
(b) reaction with solvent/acid mixture;
(c) neutralization with a neutralizing agent; and
(d) drying under reduced pressure. 92. The process of claim 91, wherein the distillation step comprises one or more solvent swaps with an organic distillation solvent selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate, alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and isopropanol, benzene, acetone, acetonitrile, toluene, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and chloroform. 93. The process of claim 91 or 92, wherein the solvent/acid mixture is selected from the group consisting of methanol/HCl, ethanol/HCl, propanol/HCl, isopropanol/HCl, methanol/sulfuric acid, methanol/phosphoric acid, ethanol/sulfuric acid, ethanol/phosphoric acid, propanol/sulfuric acid, propanol/phosphoric acid, isopropanol/sulfuric acid, isopropanol/phosphoric acid, methanol/acetic acid, ethanol/acetic acid, propanol/acetic acid, isopropanol/acetic acid, methanol/formic acid, ethanol/formic acid, propanol/formic acid, and isopropanol/formic acid. 94. The process of any one of claims 91 to 93, wherein neutralizing agent is sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or aminomethylpropanol. 95. The process of any one of claims 62 to 94, further comprising converting (E)-endoxifen to (Z)-endoxifen by reacting a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen to an acid (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt) in a solvent (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt), wherein the wt/wt ratios are with respect to compounds of Formula (III). 96. The process of claim 95, wherein the acid is HCl, TCA, or TFA. 97. The process of claim 95 or 96, wherein the solvent is acetonitrile, acetonitrile/PPW, IPA, IPA/PPW, dichloromethane, or ethyl acetate. 98. The process of any one of claims 95 to 97, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen is heated with the acid in the solvent under reflux and stirred for NLT 4 hours, NLT 6 hours, NLT 12 hours, NLT 24 hours, or NLT 48 hours. 99. The process of any one of claims 95 to 98, further comprising one or more steps of:
(a) neutralization with a neutralizing agent;
(b) extraction;
(c) one or more washes; and
(d) treatment with activated carbon. 100. An industrially scalable process for manufacturing (Z)-endoxifen, comprising the steps of:
(a) subjecting a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen, compounds of Formula (III) represented by 101. The process of claim 99 or 100, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen, compounds of Formula (III), in step a is pretreated with 6N HCl and neutralized with 8N NaOH. 102. The process of any one of claims 99 to 101, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen, compounds of Formula (III), is prepared by coupling a compound of Formula (II), (4-hydroxyphenyl)(4-(2-(methylamino)ethoxy)phenyl) methanone, to propiophenone catalyzed in a McMurry reaction via TiCl4 and Zn in THF to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen; and wherein the compound of Formula (II) has a structure represented by 103. The process of claim 102, further comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (II) with propiophenone in THF; (b) preparing TiCl4 and Zn in THF; and (c) reacting the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) with the TiCl4 and Zn in THF of step (b) to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 104. The process of claim 102 or 103, comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (II) with propiophenone in THF (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt);
(b) preparing a TiCl4 (0.1 to 12 wt/wt) and Zn (0.01 to 1:10 wt./wt) in THF (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt); and
(c) reacting the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) with the TiCl4 and Zn in THF of step (b) to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen,
wherein wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (II). 105. The process of any one of claims 102 to 104, wherein preparation of TiCl4 and Zn in THF further comprises heating under reflux for NLT 2 hours under N2. 106. The process of any one of claims 102 to 105, further comprising the steps of extractive purification, distillation, and crystallization. 107. The process of any one of claims 102 to 106, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen is subjected to extractive purification comprising a step of:
(a) extraction one or more times with ammonium chloride, silicon dioxide, 40% K2CO3, and THF;
(b) extraction one or more times with K2CO3 and MeTHF;
(c) extraction one or more times with NaOH, NaCl, and MeTHF;
(d) extraction one or more times with MeTHF or THF;
(e) extraction one or more times with 20% NaCl; or
(f) a combination thereof. 108. The process of any one of claims 102 to 107, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen is subjected to extractive purification comprising the steps of:
(a) extraction one or more times with 40% K2CO3 (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt) and MeTHF (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt);
(b) extraction one or more times with 1N NaOH (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt), NaCl (1:0.01 to 1:0.5 wt/wt) and MeTHF (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt);
(c) extraction one or more times with MeTHF (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt); and
(d) extraction with 20% NaCl (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt);
wherein the wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (II). 109. The process of any one of claims 102 to 108, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen is subjected to extractive purification comprising the steps of:
(a) extraction with 25% ammonium chloride (1:10 to 1:30 wt/wt), silicon dioxide (1:0.01 to 1:5 wt/wt) and THY (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt);
(b) one or more washes with THF (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt); and
(c) one or more washes with 40% K2CO3 (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt);
wherein the wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (II). 110. The process of claim 108 or 109, wherein the step of distillation is performed 1 to 5 times with EtOAc (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt) or IPA (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt). 111. The process of any one of claims 106 to 110, wherein the step of distillation is performed at a temperature ranging from 30° C. to 90° C. 112. The process of any one of claims 106 to 111, wherein the distillation is performed at NMT 75° C. 113. The process of any one of claims 102 to 112, wherein the compound of Formula (II) is prepared by demethylating [4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl](4-hydroxyphenyl)methanone, a compound of Formula (I), wherein the compound of Formula (I) has the structure 114. The process of claim 113, comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (I) with DIPEA in tetrahydrofuran; (b) adding 1-chloroethyl chloroformate; (c) distilling with methanol; (d) reacting with methanol/6N HCl; and (e) neutralizing with 8N NaOH. 115. The process of claim 113 or 114, comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (I) with DIPEA (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt) in THF (1:20 wt/wt);
(b) adding 1-chloroethyl chloroformate (1:1 to 1:10 wt./wt);
(c) distilling with methanol one or more times (1:1 to 1:10 wt./wt);
(d) reacting with methanol (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt)/6N HCl (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt); and
(e) neutralizing with 8N NaOH (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt);
wherein wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (I). 116. The process of any one of claims 113 to 115, further comprising one or more steps of:
(a) washing the compound of Formula (II) with purified water (1:1 to 1:5 vol/wt);
(b) washing the compound of formula (II) with ethyl acetate (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt), and
(c) drying the compound of Formula (II) under reduced pressure at NMT 50° C.;
wherein wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (I). 117. The process of any one of claims 62 to 116, further comprising converting (E)-endoxifen to (Z)-endoxifen by reacting a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen to 6N HCl (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt) in EtOAc (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt), wherein wt/wt is with respect to the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 118. The process of claim 117, further comprising the steps of:
(a) neutralizing with 8N NaOH (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt); (b) extraction with ethyl acetate (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt); (c) one or more washes with 20% NaCl (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt); and (d) treatment with activated carbon (1:0.01 to 1:0.1 wt/wt); wherein wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (III). 119. A crystalline form of a compound of Formula (III) produced according to the method of any one of claims 62 to 118. 120. The crystalline form of claim 119, wherein the crystalline form is Form I of the compound of Formula (III). 121. An industrially scalable process of reequilibriating a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen having an E/Z ratio ranging from 45:55 to 55:45 comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting to 6N HCL (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt) in ethyl acetate (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt) a starting mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen having an E/Z-ratio ranging from 99:1 to 60:40; (b) neutralizing with 8N NaOH (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt); (c) washing one or more times with ethyl acetate; and (d) washing one or more times with IPA;
wherein wt/wt is with respect the starting mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 122. An industrially scalable process for manufacturing the crystalline form of any one of claims 12 to 31, comprising:
(a) reacting to 6N HCL (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt) in ethyl acetate (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt) a starting mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen having an E/Z-ratio ranging from 99:1 to 40:60;
(b) neutralizing with 8N NaOH (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt);
(c) washing one or more times with ethyl acetate;
(d) washing one or more times with a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-heptane; and
(e) recovering the crystalline form of any one of claims 12 to 31;
wherein wt/wt is with respect the starting mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 123. A crystalline form of a compound of Formula (III) produced according to the method of claim 121 or 122. 124. The crystalline form of claim 123, wherein the crystalline form is Form II or Form III of the compound of Formula (III). 125. The process of any one of claims 62 to 122, wherein the (Z)-endoxifen is reacted with D-gluconate or L-Gluconate to form (Z)-endoxifen L-gluconate or (Z)-endoxifen D-gluconate. 126. The process of any one of claims 62 to 125, wherein the (Z)-endoxifen free base has <1% impurity. 127. The process of any one of claims 62 to 126, wherein the (Z)-endoxifen free base is stable at ambient temperature for at least 9 months. 128. (Z)-endoxifen, (E)-endoxifen, a compound of Formula (III), a compound of Formula (II), or a salt thereof, prepared by the process of any one of claims 62 to 127. 129. A composition comprising (Z)-endoxifen free base or a salt thereof prepared by the process of any one of claims 62 to 127. 130. The composition of claim 129, wherein the composition is formulated for oral, parenteral, topical, or intraductal delivery. 131. The composition of claim 129 or 130, wherein the composition is formulated for oral delivery as a tablet, a caplet, a capsule, or a pill. 132. The composition of claim 131, having a mean half-life of endoxifen in a subject ranging from 30 hours to 60 hours after administration. 133. The composition of any one of claims 129 to 132, wherein the composition is formulated for oral delivery as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 134. The composition of any one of claims 129 to 133, wherein the composition is administered to a subject for the treatment or prevention of a hormone-dependent breast disorder, a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder, or both in the subject. 135. An oral composition comprising 1 mg to 200 mg per unit dose of (Z)-endoxifen free base or a salt thereof, for administration to a subject in need thereof, wherein daily administration of the oral composition achieves in the subject:
(a) a steady state plasma level of endoxifen within 7 to 21 days; (b) a steady state plasma level of endoxifen ranging from 25 nM to 300 nM; (c) a steady state plasma level of endoxifen greater than 30 nM; (d) maximal plasma levels of endoxifen within 2 to 10 hours after administering; or (e) any combination thereof. 136. The oral composition of claim 135, having a mean half-life of endoxifen in a subject ranging from 40 hours to 55 hours after administration. 137. The oral composition of claim 135 or 136, wherein the composition is formulated as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 138. The oral composition of claim 133 or 137, wherein at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% endoxifen is released in the intestines. 139. The composition or oral composition of any one of claims 129 to 138, having a mean area under the curve extrapolated to time infinity (AUC0-inf) of 200 hr*ng/mL to 10000 hr*ng/mL, of 300 hr*ng/mL to 8000 hr*ng/mL, of 400 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL or of 700 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL. 140. A method of treating a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an oral composition of any one of claims 129 to 139. 141. The method of claim 140, wherein the subject has or is at risk of having a hormone-dependent breast disorder, a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder, or both. 142. The method of claim 141, wherein the hormone-dependent breast disorder or the hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder is a benign breast disorder, hyperplasia, atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, increased breast density, gynecomastia, DCIS, LCIS, breast cancer, precocious puberty, McCune-Albright Syndrome, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, or vulvar cancer. 143. The method of claim 141 or 142, wherein the subject has prostate cancer and wherein the subject further has or is at risk of having gynecomastia. 144. The method of any one of claims 141 to 143, wherein the subject has tamoxifen-refractory or tamoxifen resistant hormone-dependent breast disorder or hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder. 145. The method of any one of claims 141 to 144, wherein the subject is or will be treated with an SSRI drug selected from the group consisting of citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, and vilazodone. 146. The method of any one of claims 141 to 145, wherein the subject is administered 0.01 mg to 200 mg of (Z)-endoxifen. 147. The method of any one of claims 141 to 146, wherein the subject is administered 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of (Z)-endoxifen daily. 148. The method of any one of claims 141 to 147, wherein a steady state plasma level of endoxifen in the subject is greater than 30 nM. 149. The method of any one of claims 141 to 148, wherein the steady state plasma level of endoxifen is achieved within 7 to 21 days of the first administration of the composition. 150. The method of any one of claims 141 to 149, wherein time to maximum plasma levels of endoxifen ranges from 2 hours to 10 hours or from 4 hours to 8 hours after administering the composition. 151. A method of treating a subject having or at risk of having a hormone-dependent breast disorder or a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder or both, the method comprising administering an oral composition comprising (Z)-endoxifen or a salt thereof, wherein administration of the composition achieves:
(a) a mean half-life of endoxifen in the subject ranging from 30 hours to 60 hours after administration; (b) a time to maximum plasma levels of endoxifen ranging from 4 hours to 8 hours after administration; and (c) a steady state plasma level of endoxifen greater than 30 nM. 152. The method of claim 151, wherein the subject is administered 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of (Z)-endoxifen. 153. The method of claim 151 or 152, wherein the mean area under the curve extrapolated to time infinity (AUC0-inf) is 200 hr*ng/mL to 10000 hr*ng/mL, of 300 hr*ng/mL to 8000 hr*ng/mL, of 400 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL or of 700 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL. 154. The method of any one of claims 151 to 153, wherein the composition is formulated as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 155. The method of any one of claims 151 to 154, wherein at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of the endoxifen is released in the intestines. 156. The method of claim 151 or 155, wherein the composition is administered once a day, twice a day, thrice a day, four times a day, every other day, twice a week, weekly, fortnightly, twice a month, monthly, quarterly, once every six months, or annually. 157. The method of any one of claims 151 to 156, wherein the hormone-dependent breast disorder and the hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder are selected from the group consisting of benign breast disorders, hyperplasia, atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, increased breast density, gynecomastia, DCIS, LCIS, breast cancer, precocious puberty, McCune-Albright Syndrome, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer. | The present disclosure provides industrially scalable methods of making (Z)-endoxifen or a salt thereof, crystalline forms of endoxifen, and compositions comprising them. The present disclosure also provides methods for treating hormone-dependent breast and hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorders.1. A composition comprising a crystalline form of a compound of Formula (III): 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein at least 90% by weight of the compound of Formula (III) in the composition is the (Z)-isomer. 3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the crystalline form is Form I of the compound of Formula (III). 4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising major peaks at 16.8 0.3°, 17.1±0.3° and 21.8±0.3° two theta. 5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises at least one peak selected from 16.0 0.3°, 18.8±0.3° and 26.5±0.3° two theta. 6. The composition of claim 4 or 5, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises at least one peak selected from 12.3±0.3°, 28.0±0.3° and 29.0±0.3° two theta. 7. The composition of claim 4, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises peaks at 12.3±0.3°, 16.0±0.3°, 18.8±0.3°, 26.5±0.3°, 28.0±0.3° and 29.0±0.3° two theta. 8. The composition of any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as set forth in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10. 9. The composition of any one of claims 3 to 8, wherein greater than 90%, 95% or 99% by weight of the compound of Formula (III) in the composition is crystalline Form I. 10. The composition of any one of claims 3 to 9, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 200 mg of crystalline Form I. 11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the composition comprises about 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of crystalline Form I. 12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises the (E)-isomer and the (Z)-isomer of the compound of Formula (III) in an E/Z ratio between 0.9 and 1.3. 13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the E/Z ratio is about 1.1. 14. The composition of claim 12 or 13, wherein the crystalline form is Form II of the compound of Formula (III). 15. The composition of claim 14, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising major peaks at 7.0±0.3°, 11.9±0.3°, 14.0±0.3° and 18.4±0.3° two theta. 16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises a peak at 22.0±0.3° two theta. 17. The composition of claim 15 or 16, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises at least one peak selected from 6.6±0.3°, 13.3±0.3° and 20.0±0.3° two theta. 18. The composition of claim 15, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises peaks at 6.6±0.3°, 13.3±0.3°, 20.0±0.3° and 22.0±0.3° two theta. 19. The composition of any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as set forth in FIG. 11 or FIG. 12. 20. The composition of any one of claims 14 to 19, wherein greater than 90%, 95% or 99% by weight of the compound of Formula (III) in the composition is crystalline Form II. 21. The composition of any one of claims 14 to 20, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 200 mg of crystalline Form II. 22. The composition of claim 21, wherein the composition comprises about 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of crystalline Form II. 23. The composition of claim 12 or 13, wherein the crystalline form is Form III of the compound of Formula (III). 24. The composition of claim 23, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising major peaks at 11.9±0.3°, 13.9±0.3°, 17.1±0.3° and 17.7±0.3° two theta. 25. The composition of claim 24, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises a peak at 25.3±0.3° two theta. 26. The composition of claim 24 or 25, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises at least one peak selected from 18.2±0.3°, 22.5±0.3° and 26.8±0.3° two theta. 27. The composition of claim 24, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises peaks at 18.2±0.3°, 22.5±0.3°, 25.3±0.3° and 26.8±0.3° two theta. 28. The composition of any one of claims 23 to 27, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as set forth in FIG. 13. 29. The composition of any one of claims 23 to 28, wherein greater than 90%, 95% or 99% by weight of the compound of Formula (III) in the composition is crystalline Form III. 30. The composition of any one of claims 23 to 29, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 200 mg of crystalline Form III. 31. The composition of claim 30, wherein the composition comprises about 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of crystalline Form III. 32. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and the composition of any one of the preceding claims. 33. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is formulated for oral, parenteral, topical, or intraductal delivery. 34. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is formulated for oral delivery as a tablet, a caplet, a capsule, or a pill. 35. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein a mean half-life of endoxifen in a subject treated with the composition is between 30 hours to 60 hours. 36. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is formulated for oral delivery as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 37. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is administered to a subject for the treatment or prevention of a hormone-dependent breast disorder, a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder, or both in the subject. 38. An oral composition comprising 1 mg to 200 mg per unit dose of the composition of any one of the preceding claims for administration to a subject in need thereof, wherein daily administration of the oral composition achieves in the subject:
a steady state plasma level of endoxifen within 7 to 21 days; a steady state plasma level of endoxifen ranging from 25 nM to 300 nM; a steady state plasma level of endoxifen greater than 30 nM; maximal plasma levels of endoxifen within 2 to 10 hours after administering; or any combination thereof. 39. The oral composition of claim 38, wherein a mean half-life of endoxifen in a subject treated with the composition is between 40 hours to 55 hours. 40. The oral composition of claim 38 or 39, wherein the composition is formulated as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 41. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of endoxifen in the composition is released in the intestines. 42. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, having a mean area under the curve extrapolated to time infinity (AUC0-inf) of endoxifen of 200 hr*ng/mL to 10000 hr*ng/mL, of 300 hr*ng/mL to 8000 hr*ng/mL, of 400 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL or of 700 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL. 43. A method of treating a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject the composition of any one of claims 1 to 42. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the subject has or is at risk of having a hormone-dependent breast disorder, a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder, or both. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the hormone-dependent breast disorder or the hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder is a benign breast disorder, hyperplasia, atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, increased breast density, gynecomastia, DCIS, LCIS, breast cancer, precocious puberty, McCune-Albright Syndrome, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, or vulvar cancer. 46. The method of any one of claims 43 to 45, wherein the subject has prostate cancer and wherein the subject further has or is at risk of having gynecomastia. 47. The method of any one of claims 43 to 46, wherein the subject has tamoxifen-refractory or tamoxifen resistant hormone-dependent breast disorder or hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder. 48. The method of any one of claims 43 to 47, wherein the subject is or will be treated with an SSRI drug selected from the group consisting of citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, and vilazodone. 49. The method of any one of claims 43 to 48, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 200 mg of (Z)-endoxifen. 50. The method of any one of claims 43 to 49, wherein the subject is administered about 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of (Z)-endoxifen daily. 51. The method of any one of claims 43 to 50, wherein a steady state plasma level of endoxifen in the subject is greater than 30 nM. 52. The method of any one of claims 43 to 51, wherein the steady state plasma level of endoxifen is achieved within 7 to 21 days of the first administration of the composition. 53. The method of any one of claims 43 to 52, wherein time to maximum plasma levels of endoxifen ranges from 2 hours to 10 hours or from 4 hours to 8 hours after administering the composition. 54. A method of treating a subject having or at risk of having a hormone-dependent breast disorder, a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder, or both, the method comprising administering the composition of any one of claims 1 to 42, wherein administration of the composition achieves:
a mean half-life of endoxifen in the subject ranging from 30 hours to 60 hours after administration;
a time to maximum plasma levels of endoxifen ranging from 4 hours to 8 hours after administration; and
a steady state plasma level of endoxifen greater than 30 nM. 55. The method of claim 54, wherein the hormone-dependent breast disorder and the hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder are selected from the group consisting of benign breast disorders, hyperplasia, atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, increased breast density, gynecomastia, DCIS, LCIS, breast cancer, precocious puberty, McCune-Albright Syndrome, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer. 56. The method of claim 54 or 55, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 200 mg of (Z)-endoxifen. 57. The method of claim 56, wherein the subject is administered about 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of (Z)-endoxifen. 58. The method of any one of claims 43 to 57, wherein the mean area under the curve extrapolated to time infinity (AUC0-inf) of endoxifen is 200 hr*ng/mL to 10000 hr*ng/mL, 300 hr*ng/mL to 8000 hr*ng/mL, 400 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL or 700 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL. 59. The method of any one of claims 43 to 58, wherein the composition is formulated as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 60. The method of any one of claims 43 to 59, wherein at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of endoxifen in the composition is released in the intestines. 61. The method of any one of claims 43 to 60, wherein the composition is administered once a day, twice a day, thrice a day, four times a day, every other day, twice a week, weekly, fortnightly, twice a month, monthly, quarterly, once every six months, or annually. 62. An industrially scalable process for manufacturing (Z)-endoxifen, comprising the steps of:
(a) subjecting a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen, compounds of Formula (III), represented by 63. An industrially scalable process for manufacturing the crystalline form of any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising the steps of:
(a) subjecting a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen, compounds of Formula (III), represented by 64. The process of claim 62 or 63, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen is prepared by coupling a compound of Formula (II), (4-hydroxyphenyl)(4-(2-(methylamino)ethoxy)phenyl) methanone, to propiophenone mediated by a McMurry reaction via a titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen; and wherein the compound of Formula (II) has a structure represented by 65. The process of claim 64, further comprising preparing the compound of Formula (II) by demethylating [4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl](4-hydroxyphenyl)methanone, a compound of Formula (I), wherein the compound of Formula (I) has the structure 66. The process of any one of claims 62 to 65, wherein the first solvent is ethyl acetate, IPA, IPA/PPW, ACN, ACN/PPW or acetone. 67. The process of any one of claims 62 to 66, wherein the second solvent is IPA, IPA/PPW, acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, or acetone/MTBE. 68. The process of any one of claims 62 to 67, wherein the third solvent is ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, IPA, IPA/PPW, n-heptane, or acetone. 69. The process of any one of claims 62 to 68, further comprising pre-heating any one or more of the first solvent, the second solvent and the third solvent to a temperature ranging from 40° C. to 80° C. 70. The process of any one of claims 62 to 69, wherein each fractional crystallization and recrystallization step independently comprises a step of distillation at 50° C. to 80° C.; and cooling the solution to a temperature ranging from 0° C. to NMT 35° C. 71. The process of any one of claims 64 to 70, further comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (II) with propiophenone in an inert organic solvent;
(b) preparing a titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent; and
(c) reacting the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) with the titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent of step (b) to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 72. The process of any one of claims 64 to 71, further comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (II) with propiophenone (1:0.01 to 1:5 wt/wt) in an inert organic solvent (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt);
(b) preparing a titanium salt (1:0.1 to 1:12 wt/wt) and a reducing agent (1:0.01 to 1:10 wt/wt) in an inert organic solvent (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt); and
(c) reacting the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) with the titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent of step (b) to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen;
wherein wt/wt is with respect to compound of Formula (II). 73. The process of any one of claims 64 to 72, wherein the titanium salt is selected from the group consisting of titanium halides (such as titanium trichloride (TiCl3), titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), titanium iodides, titanium bromides, and titanium fluorides), titanium(IV) trichloride isopropoxide, and titanium isopropoxide. 74. The process of any one of claims 64 to 73, wherein the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of zinc, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminum, magnesium, potassium, zinc-copper couple, alkali and alkali earth metals, butylium, lithium, and lithium aluminum hydride. 75. The process of any one of claims 64 to 74, wherein the inert organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, diethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, tert-butyl methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, diglyme, nitromethane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, pyridine, acetone, acetonitrile, benzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, xylenes, hexanes, cyclohexane, heptane, octane, nonane, and decane, or a combination thereof. 76. The process of any one of claims 64 to 75, wherein the preparation of the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent in step (b) further comprises maintaining the temperature of the reaction at a temperature of NMT 75° C., NMT 65° C., NMT 55° C., NMT 50° C., NMT 45° C., NMT 40° C., NMT 35° C., NMT 30° C., NMT 25° C., NMT 20° C., or NMT 15° C. when the titanium salt is added to the reducing agent and the inert organic solvent. 77. The process of any one of claims 64 to 76, wherein the preparation of the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent further comprising maintaining the temperature of the reaction at a temperature NMT 75° C., NMT 70° C., NMT 65° C., NMT 60° C., NMT 55° C., NMT 50° C., or NMT 45° C. when the titanium salt is added to the reducing agent and the inert organic solvent. 78. The process of any one of claims 64 to 77, wherein the preparation of the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent in step (b) further comprises heating the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent to a temperature ranging from 20° C. to 250° C., from 40° C. to 70° C., from 50° C. to 230° C., from 50° C. to 120° C., or from 150° C. to 200° C. 79. The process of any one of claims 64 to 78, wherein the preparation of the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent in step (b) further comprises heating the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent under reflux for NLT 30 min, NLT 1 hour, NLT 2 hours, NLT 4 hours, NLT 6 hours, or NLT 8 hours under N2 or argon. 80. The process of any one of claims 64 to 79, wherein the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) is reacted with titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent of step (b) under reflux to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 81. The process of any one of claims 64 to 80, wherein the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) is reacted with titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent of step (b) at a temperature ranging from 40° C. to 80° C. to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen for NLT 4 hours, NLT 6 hours, NLT 8 hours, NLT 12 hours, NLT 24 hours, or NLT 48 hours. 82. The process of any one of claims 64 to 81, further comprising a step of cooling the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen to a temperature ranging from 0° C. to 30° C. 83. The process of any one of claims 64 to 82, further comprising one or more steps of:
(a) extraction of the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen;
(b) washing the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen;
(c) distillation of the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen; and
(d) crystallization to afford a crystalline solid mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 84. The process of claim 83, wherein the extraction is carried out one or more times in MeTHF or THF. 85. The process of any one of claims 65 to 84, further comprising generating the compound of Formula (II) by demethylating the compound of Formula (I) with a demethylating agent (1:0.5 to 1:10 wt/wt) and a proton acceptor (1:0.5 to 1:10 wt/wt) in an inert organic solvent (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt) to form the compound of Formula (II), wherein the wt/wt ratios are with respect to the compound of Formula (I). 86. The process of any one of claims 65 to 85, wherein the proton acceptor is selected from the group consisting of carbonates, such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, and bicarbonates, such as sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate, proton sponge, and DIPEA. 87. The process of any one of claims 65 to 86, wherein the demethylating agent is selected from the group consisting of N-iodosuccinamide, ethyl chloroformates (such as 1-chloroethyl chloroformate, dichloroethyl chloroformate, trichloroethyl chloroformate, α-chloroethyl chloroformate), vinyl chloroformate, cynogen bromide, diethyl azodicarboxylate, and pyridinium chloride. 88. The process of any one of claims 65 to 87, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is reacted with the demethylating agent and the proton acceptor at a temperature ranging from 20° C. to 250° C., from 40° C. to 80° C., from 50° C. to 230° C., from 50° C. to 120° C., and from 150° C. to 200° C. 89. The process of any one of claims 65 to 88, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is reacted with the demethylating agent and the proton acceptor under reflux. 90. The process of any one of claims 65 to 89, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is reacted with the demethylating agent and the proton acceptor for NLT 5 hours, NLT 8 hours, NLT 12 hours, NLT 24 hours, NLT36 hours, NLT 48 hour or NLT 72 hours. 91. The process of any one of claims 3 or 85 to 90, further comprising one or more steps of:
(a) distillation;
(b) reaction with solvent/acid mixture;
(c) neutralization with a neutralizing agent; and
(d) drying under reduced pressure. 92. The process of claim 91, wherein the distillation step comprises one or more solvent swaps with an organic distillation solvent selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate, alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and isopropanol, benzene, acetone, acetonitrile, toluene, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and chloroform. 93. The process of claim 91 or 92, wherein the solvent/acid mixture is selected from the group consisting of methanol/HCl, ethanol/HCl, propanol/HCl, isopropanol/HCl, methanol/sulfuric acid, methanol/phosphoric acid, ethanol/sulfuric acid, ethanol/phosphoric acid, propanol/sulfuric acid, propanol/phosphoric acid, isopropanol/sulfuric acid, isopropanol/phosphoric acid, methanol/acetic acid, ethanol/acetic acid, propanol/acetic acid, isopropanol/acetic acid, methanol/formic acid, ethanol/formic acid, propanol/formic acid, and isopropanol/formic acid. 94. The process of any one of claims 91 to 93, wherein neutralizing agent is sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or aminomethylpropanol. 95. The process of any one of claims 62 to 94, further comprising converting (E)-endoxifen to (Z)-endoxifen by reacting a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen to an acid (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt) in a solvent (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt), wherein the wt/wt ratios are with respect to compounds of Formula (III). 96. The process of claim 95, wherein the acid is HCl, TCA, or TFA. 97. The process of claim 95 or 96, wherein the solvent is acetonitrile, acetonitrile/PPW, IPA, IPA/PPW, dichloromethane, or ethyl acetate. 98. The process of any one of claims 95 to 97, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen is heated with the acid in the solvent under reflux and stirred for NLT 4 hours, NLT 6 hours, NLT 12 hours, NLT 24 hours, or NLT 48 hours. 99. The process of any one of claims 95 to 98, further comprising one or more steps of:
(a) neutralization with a neutralizing agent;
(b) extraction;
(c) one or more washes; and
(d) treatment with activated carbon. 100. An industrially scalable process for manufacturing (Z)-endoxifen, comprising the steps of:
(a) subjecting a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen, compounds of Formula (III) represented by 101. The process of claim 99 or 100, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen, compounds of Formula (III), in step a is pretreated with 6N HCl and neutralized with 8N NaOH. 102. The process of any one of claims 99 to 101, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen, compounds of Formula (III), is prepared by coupling a compound of Formula (II), (4-hydroxyphenyl)(4-(2-(methylamino)ethoxy)phenyl) methanone, to propiophenone catalyzed in a McMurry reaction via TiCl4 and Zn in THF to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen; and wherein the compound of Formula (II) has a structure represented by 103. The process of claim 102, further comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (II) with propiophenone in THF; (b) preparing TiCl4 and Zn in THF; and (c) reacting the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) with the TiCl4 and Zn in THF of step (b) to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 104. The process of claim 102 or 103, comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (II) with propiophenone in THF (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt);
(b) preparing a TiCl4 (0.1 to 12 wt/wt) and Zn (0.01 to 1:10 wt./wt) in THF (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt); and
(c) reacting the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) with the TiCl4 and Zn in THF of step (b) to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen,
wherein wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (II). 105. The process of any one of claims 102 to 104, wherein preparation of TiCl4 and Zn in THF further comprises heating under reflux for NLT 2 hours under N2. 106. The process of any one of claims 102 to 105, further comprising the steps of extractive purification, distillation, and crystallization. 107. The process of any one of claims 102 to 106, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen is subjected to extractive purification comprising a step of:
(a) extraction one or more times with ammonium chloride, silicon dioxide, 40% K2CO3, and THF;
(b) extraction one or more times with K2CO3 and MeTHF;
(c) extraction one or more times with NaOH, NaCl, and MeTHF;
(d) extraction one or more times with MeTHF or THF;
(e) extraction one or more times with 20% NaCl; or
(f) a combination thereof. 108. The process of any one of claims 102 to 107, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen is subjected to extractive purification comprising the steps of:
(a) extraction one or more times with 40% K2CO3 (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt) and MeTHF (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt);
(b) extraction one or more times with 1N NaOH (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt), NaCl (1:0.01 to 1:0.5 wt/wt) and MeTHF (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt);
(c) extraction one or more times with MeTHF (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt); and
(d) extraction with 20% NaCl (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt);
wherein the wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (II). 109. The process of any one of claims 102 to 108, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen is subjected to extractive purification comprising the steps of:
(a) extraction with 25% ammonium chloride (1:10 to 1:30 wt/wt), silicon dioxide (1:0.01 to 1:5 wt/wt) and THY (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt);
(b) one or more washes with THF (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt); and
(c) one or more washes with 40% K2CO3 (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt);
wherein the wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (II). 110. The process of claim 108 or 109, wherein the step of distillation is performed 1 to 5 times with EtOAc (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt) or IPA (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt). 111. The process of any one of claims 106 to 110, wherein the step of distillation is performed at a temperature ranging from 30° C. to 90° C. 112. The process of any one of claims 106 to 111, wherein the distillation is performed at NMT 75° C. 113. The process of any one of claims 102 to 112, wherein the compound of Formula (II) is prepared by demethylating [4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl](4-hydroxyphenyl)methanone, a compound of Formula (I), wherein the compound of Formula (I) has the structure 114. The process of claim 113, comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (I) with DIPEA in tetrahydrofuran; (b) adding 1-chloroethyl chloroformate; (c) distilling with methanol; (d) reacting with methanol/6N HCl; and (e) neutralizing with 8N NaOH. 115. The process of claim 113 or 114, comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (I) with DIPEA (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt) in THF (1:20 wt/wt);
(b) adding 1-chloroethyl chloroformate (1:1 to 1:10 wt./wt);
(c) distilling with methanol one or more times (1:1 to 1:10 wt./wt);
(d) reacting with methanol (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt)/6N HCl (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt); and
(e) neutralizing with 8N NaOH (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt);
wherein wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (I). 116. The process of any one of claims 113 to 115, further comprising one or more steps of:
(a) washing the compound of Formula (II) with purified water (1:1 to 1:5 vol/wt);
(b) washing the compound of formula (II) with ethyl acetate (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt), and
(c) drying the compound of Formula (II) under reduced pressure at NMT 50° C.;
wherein wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (I). 117. The process of any one of claims 62 to 116, further comprising converting (E)-endoxifen to (Z)-endoxifen by reacting a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen to 6N HCl (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt) in EtOAc (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt), wherein wt/wt is with respect to the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 118. The process of claim 117, further comprising the steps of:
(a) neutralizing with 8N NaOH (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt); (b) extraction with ethyl acetate (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt); (c) one or more washes with 20% NaCl (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt); and (d) treatment with activated carbon (1:0.01 to 1:0.1 wt/wt); wherein wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (III). 119. A crystalline form of a compound of Formula (III) produced according to the method of any one of claims 62 to 118. 120. The crystalline form of claim 119, wherein the crystalline form is Form I of the compound of Formula (III). 121. An industrially scalable process of reequilibriating a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen having an E/Z ratio ranging from 45:55 to 55:45 comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting to 6N HCL (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt) in ethyl acetate (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt) a starting mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen having an E/Z-ratio ranging from 99:1 to 60:40; (b) neutralizing with 8N NaOH (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt); (c) washing one or more times with ethyl acetate; and (d) washing one or more times with IPA;
wherein wt/wt is with respect the starting mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 122. An industrially scalable process for manufacturing the crystalline form of any one of claims 12 to 31, comprising:
(a) reacting to 6N HCL (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt) in ethyl acetate (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt) a starting mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen having an E/Z-ratio ranging from 99:1 to 40:60;
(b) neutralizing with 8N NaOH (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt);
(c) washing one or more times with ethyl acetate;
(d) washing one or more times with a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-heptane; and
(e) recovering the crystalline form of any one of claims 12 to 31;
wherein wt/wt is with respect the starting mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 123. A crystalline form of a compound of Formula (III) produced according to the method of claim 121 or 122. 124. The crystalline form of claim 123, wherein the crystalline form is Form II or Form III of the compound of Formula (III). 125. The process of any one of claims 62 to 122, wherein the (Z)-endoxifen is reacted with D-gluconate or L-Gluconate to form (Z)-endoxifen L-gluconate or (Z)-endoxifen D-gluconate. 126. The process of any one of claims 62 to 125, wherein the (Z)-endoxifen free base has <1% impurity. 127. The process of any one of claims 62 to 126, wherein the (Z)-endoxifen free base is stable at ambient temperature for at least 9 months. 128. (Z)-endoxifen, (E)-endoxifen, a compound of Formula (III), a compound of Formula (II), or a salt thereof, prepared by the process of any one of claims 62 to 127. 129. A composition comprising (Z)-endoxifen free base or a salt thereof prepared by the process of any one of claims 62 to 127. 130. The composition of claim 129, wherein the composition is formulated for oral, parenteral, topical, or intraductal delivery. 131. The composition of claim 129 or 130, wherein the composition is formulated for oral delivery as a tablet, a caplet, a capsule, or a pill. 132. The composition of claim 131, having a mean half-life of endoxifen in a subject ranging from 30 hours to 60 hours after administration. 133. The composition of any one of claims 129 to 132, wherein the composition is formulated for oral delivery as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 134. The composition of any one of claims 129 to 133, wherein the composition is administered to a subject for the treatment or prevention of a hormone-dependent breast disorder, a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder, or both in the subject. 135. An oral composition comprising 1 mg to 200 mg per unit dose of (Z)-endoxifen free base or a salt thereof, for administration to a subject in need thereof, wherein daily administration of the oral composition achieves in the subject:
(a) a steady state plasma level of endoxifen within 7 to 21 days; (b) a steady state plasma level of endoxifen ranging from 25 nM to 300 nM; (c) a steady state plasma level of endoxifen greater than 30 nM; (d) maximal plasma levels of endoxifen within 2 to 10 hours after administering; or (e) any combination thereof. 136. The oral composition of claim 135, having a mean half-life of endoxifen in a subject ranging from 40 hours to 55 hours after administration. 137. The oral composition of claim 135 or 136, wherein the composition is formulated as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 138. The oral composition of claim 133 or 137, wherein at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% endoxifen is released in the intestines. 139. The composition or oral composition of any one of claims 129 to 138, having a mean area under the curve extrapolated to time infinity (AUC0-inf) of 200 hr*ng/mL to 10000 hr*ng/mL, of 300 hr*ng/mL to 8000 hr*ng/mL, of 400 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL or of 700 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL. 140. A method of treating a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an oral composition of any one of claims 129 to 139. 141. The method of claim 140, wherein the subject has or is at risk of having a hormone-dependent breast disorder, a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder, or both. 142. The method of claim 141, wherein the hormone-dependent breast disorder or the hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder is a benign breast disorder, hyperplasia, atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, increased breast density, gynecomastia, DCIS, LCIS, breast cancer, precocious puberty, McCune-Albright Syndrome, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, or vulvar cancer. 143. The method of claim 141 or 142, wherein the subject has prostate cancer and wherein the subject further has or is at risk of having gynecomastia. 144. The method of any one of claims 141 to 143, wherein the subject has tamoxifen-refractory or tamoxifen resistant hormone-dependent breast disorder or hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder. 145. The method of any one of claims 141 to 144, wherein the subject is or will be treated with an SSRI drug selected from the group consisting of citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, and vilazodone. 146. The method of any one of claims 141 to 145, wherein the subject is administered 0.01 mg to 200 mg of (Z)-endoxifen. 147. The method of any one of claims 141 to 146, wherein the subject is administered 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of (Z)-endoxifen daily. 148. The method of any one of claims 141 to 147, wherein a steady state plasma level of endoxifen in the subject is greater than 30 nM. 149. The method of any one of claims 141 to 148, wherein the steady state plasma level of endoxifen is achieved within 7 to 21 days of the first administration of the composition. 150. The method of any one of claims 141 to 149, wherein time to maximum plasma levels of endoxifen ranges from 2 hours to 10 hours or from 4 hours to 8 hours after administering the composition. 151. A method of treating a subject having or at risk of having a hormone-dependent breast disorder or a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder or both, the method comprising administering an oral composition comprising (Z)-endoxifen or a salt thereof, wherein administration of the composition achieves:
(a) a mean half-life of endoxifen in the subject ranging from 30 hours to 60 hours after administration; (b) a time to maximum plasma levels of endoxifen ranging from 4 hours to 8 hours after administration; and (c) a steady state plasma level of endoxifen greater than 30 nM. 152. The method of claim 151, wherein the subject is administered 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of (Z)-endoxifen. 153. The method of claim 151 or 152, wherein the mean area under the curve extrapolated to time infinity (AUC0-inf) is 200 hr*ng/mL to 10000 hr*ng/mL, of 300 hr*ng/mL to 8000 hr*ng/mL, of 400 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL or of 700 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL. 154. The method of any one of claims 151 to 153, wherein the composition is formulated as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 155. The method of any one of claims 151 to 154, wherein at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of the endoxifen is released in the intestines. 156. The method of claim 151 or 155, wherein the composition is administered once a day, twice a day, thrice a day, four times a day, every other day, twice a week, weekly, fortnightly, twice a month, monthly, quarterly, once every six months, or annually. 157. The method of any one of claims 151 to 156, wherein the hormone-dependent breast disorder and the hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder are selected from the group consisting of benign breast disorders, hyperplasia, atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, increased breast density, gynecomastia, DCIS, LCIS, breast cancer, precocious puberty, McCune-Albright Syndrome, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer. | 2,600 |
338,971 | 16,799,840 | 2,698 | The present disclosure provides industrially scalable methods of making (Z)-endoxifen or a salt thereof, crystalline forms of endoxifen, and compositions comprising them. The present disclosure also provides methods for treating hormone-dependent breast and hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorders. | 1. A composition comprising a crystalline form of a compound of Formula (III): 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein at least 90% by weight of the compound of Formula (III) in the composition is the (Z)-isomer. 3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the crystalline form is Form I of the compound of Formula (III). 4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising major peaks at 16.8 0.3°, 17.1±0.3° and 21.8±0.3° two theta. 5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises at least one peak selected from 16.0 0.3°, 18.8±0.3° and 26.5±0.3° two theta. 6. The composition of claim 4 or 5, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises at least one peak selected from 12.3±0.3°, 28.0±0.3° and 29.0±0.3° two theta. 7. The composition of claim 4, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises peaks at 12.3±0.3°, 16.0±0.3°, 18.8±0.3°, 26.5±0.3°, 28.0±0.3° and 29.0±0.3° two theta. 8. The composition of any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as set forth in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10. 9. The composition of any one of claims 3 to 8, wherein greater than 90%, 95% or 99% by weight of the compound of Formula (III) in the composition is crystalline Form I. 10. The composition of any one of claims 3 to 9, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 200 mg of crystalline Form I. 11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the composition comprises about 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of crystalline Form I. 12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises the (E)-isomer and the (Z)-isomer of the compound of Formula (III) in an E/Z ratio between 0.9 and 1.3. 13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the E/Z ratio is about 1.1. 14. The composition of claim 12 or 13, wherein the crystalline form is Form II of the compound of Formula (III). 15. The composition of claim 14, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising major peaks at 7.0±0.3°, 11.9±0.3°, 14.0±0.3° and 18.4±0.3° two theta. 16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises a peak at 22.0±0.3° two theta. 17. The composition of claim 15 or 16, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises at least one peak selected from 6.6±0.3°, 13.3±0.3° and 20.0±0.3° two theta. 18. The composition of claim 15, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises peaks at 6.6±0.3°, 13.3±0.3°, 20.0±0.3° and 22.0±0.3° two theta. 19. The composition of any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as set forth in FIG. 11 or FIG. 12. 20. The composition of any one of claims 14 to 19, wherein greater than 90%, 95% or 99% by weight of the compound of Formula (III) in the composition is crystalline Form II. 21. The composition of any one of claims 14 to 20, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 200 mg of crystalline Form II. 22. The composition of claim 21, wherein the composition comprises about 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of crystalline Form II. 23. The composition of claim 12 or 13, wherein the crystalline form is Form III of the compound of Formula (III). 24. The composition of claim 23, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising major peaks at 11.9±0.3°, 13.9±0.3°, 17.1±0.3° and 17.7±0.3° two theta. 25. The composition of claim 24, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises a peak at 25.3±0.3° two theta. 26. The composition of claim 24 or 25, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises at least one peak selected from 18.2±0.3°, 22.5±0.3° and 26.8±0.3° two theta. 27. The composition of claim 24, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises peaks at 18.2±0.3°, 22.5±0.3°, 25.3±0.3° and 26.8±0.3° two theta. 28. The composition of any one of claims 23 to 27, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as set forth in FIG. 13. 29. The composition of any one of claims 23 to 28, wherein greater than 90%, 95% or 99% by weight of the compound of Formula (III) in the composition is crystalline Form III. 30. The composition of any one of claims 23 to 29, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 200 mg of crystalline Form III. 31. The composition of claim 30, wherein the composition comprises about 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of crystalline Form III. 32. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and the composition of any one of the preceding claims. 33. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is formulated for oral, parenteral, topical, or intraductal delivery. 34. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is formulated for oral delivery as a tablet, a caplet, a capsule, or a pill. 35. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein a mean half-life of endoxifen in a subject treated with the composition is between 30 hours to 60 hours. 36. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is formulated for oral delivery as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 37. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is administered to a subject for the treatment or prevention of a hormone-dependent breast disorder, a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder, or both in the subject. 38. An oral composition comprising 1 mg to 200 mg per unit dose of the composition of any one of the preceding claims for administration to a subject in need thereof, wherein daily administration of the oral composition achieves in the subject:
a steady state plasma level of endoxifen within 7 to 21 days; a steady state plasma level of endoxifen ranging from 25 nM to 300 nM; a steady state plasma level of endoxifen greater than 30 nM; maximal plasma levels of endoxifen within 2 to 10 hours after administering; or any combination thereof. 39. The oral composition of claim 38, wherein a mean half-life of endoxifen in a subject treated with the composition is between 40 hours to 55 hours. 40. The oral composition of claim 38 or 39, wherein the composition is formulated as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 41. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of endoxifen in the composition is released in the intestines. 42. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, having a mean area under the curve extrapolated to time infinity (AUC0-inf) of endoxifen of 200 hr*ng/mL to 10000 hr*ng/mL, of 300 hr*ng/mL to 8000 hr*ng/mL, of 400 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL or of 700 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL. 43. A method of treating a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject the composition of any one of claims 1 to 42. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the subject has or is at risk of having a hormone-dependent breast disorder, a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder, or both. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the hormone-dependent breast disorder or the hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder is a benign breast disorder, hyperplasia, atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, increased breast density, gynecomastia, DCIS, LCIS, breast cancer, precocious puberty, McCune-Albright Syndrome, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, or vulvar cancer. 46. The method of any one of claims 43 to 45, wherein the subject has prostate cancer and wherein the subject further has or is at risk of having gynecomastia. 47. The method of any one of claims 43 to 46, wherein the subject has tamoxifen-refractory or tamoxifen resistant hormone-dependent breast disorder or hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder. 48. The method of any one of claims 43 to 47, wherein the subject is or will be treated with an SSRI drug selected from the group consisting of citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, and vilazodone. 49. The method of any one of claims 43 to 48, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 200 mg of (Z)-endoxifen. 50. The method of any one of claims 43 to 49, wherein the subject is administered about 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of (Z)-endoxifen daily. 51. The method of any one of claims 43 to 50, wherein a steady state plasma level of endoxifen in the subject is greater than 30 nM. 52. The method of any one of claims 43 to 51, wherein the steady state plasma level of endoxifen is achieved within 7 to 21 days of the first administration of the composition. 53. The method of any one of claims 43 to 52, wherein time to maximum plasma levels of endoxifen ranges from 2 hours to 10 hours or from 4 hours to 8 hours after administering the composition. 54. A method of treating a subject having or at risk of having a hormone-dependent breast disorder, a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder, or both, the method comprising administering the composition of any one of claims 1 to 42, wherein administration of the composition achieves:
a mean half-life of endoxifen in the subject ranging from 30 hours to 60 hours after administration;
a time to maximum plasma levels of endoxifen ranging from 4 hours to 8 hours after administration; and
a steady state plasma level of endoxifen greater than 30 nM. 55. The method of claim 54, wherein the hormone-dependent breast disorder and the hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder are selected from the group consisting of benign breast disorders, hyperplasia, atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, increased breast density, gynecomastia, DCIS, LCIS, breast cancer, precocious puberty, McCune-Albright Syndrome, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer. 56. The method of claim 54 or 55, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 200 mg of (Z)-endoxifen. 57. The method of claim 56, wherein the subject is administered about 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of (Z)-endoxifen. 58. The method of any one of claims 43 to 57, wherein the mean area under the curve extrapolated to time infinity (AUC0-inf) of endoxifen is 200 hr*ng/mL to 10000 hr*ng/mL, 300 hr*ng/mL to 8000 hr*ng/mL, 400 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL or 700 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL. 59. The method of any one of claims 43 to 58, wherein the composition is formulated as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 60. The method of any one of claims 43 to 59, wherein at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of endoxifen in the composition is released in the intestines. 61. The method of any one of claims 43 to 60, wherein the composition is administered once a day, twice a day, thrice a day, four times a day, every other day, twice a week, weekly, fortnightly, twice a month, monthly, quarterly, once every six months, or annually. 62. An industrially scalable process for manufacturing (Z)-endoxifen, comprising the steps of:
(a) subjecting a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen, compounds of Formula (III), represented by 63. An industrially scalable process for manufacturing the crystalline form of any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising the steps of:
(a) subjecting a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen, compounds of Formula (III), represented by 64. The process of claim 62 or 63, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen is prepared by coupling a compound of Formula (II), (4-hydroxyphenyl)(4-(2-(methylamino)ethoxy)phenyl) methanone, to propiophenone mediated by a McMurry reaction via a titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen; and wherein the compound of Formula (II) has a structure represented by 65. The process of claim 64, further comprising preparing the compound of Formula (II) by demethylating [4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl](4-hydroxyphenyl)methanone, a compound of Formula (I), wherein the compound of Formula (I) has the structure 66. The process of any one of claims 62 to 65, wherein the first solvent is ethyl acetate, IPA, IPA/PPW, ACN, ACN/PPW or acetone. 67. The process of any one of claims 62 to 66, wherein the second solvent is IPA, IPA/PPW, acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, or acetone/MTBE. 68. The process of any one of claims 62 to 67, wherein the third solvent is ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, IPA, IPA/PPW, n-heptane, or acetone. 69. The process of any one of claims 62 to 68, further comprising pre-heating any one or more of the first solvent, the second solvent and the third solvent to a temperature ranging from 40° C. to 80° C. 70. The process of any one of claims 62 to 69, wherein each fractional crystallization and recrystallization step independently comprises a step of distillation at 50° C. to 80° C.; and cooling the solution to a temperature ranging from 0° C. to NMT 35° C. 71. The process of any one of claims 64 to 70, further comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (II) with propiophenone in an inert organic solvent;
(b) preparing a titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent; and
(c) reacting the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) with the titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent of step (b) to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 72. The process of any one of claims 64 to 71, further comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (II) with propiophenone (1:0.01 to 1:5 wt/wt) in an inert organic solvent (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt);
(b) preparing a titanium salt (1:0.1 to 1:12 wt/wt) and a reducing agent (1:0.01 to 1:10 wt/wt) in an inert organic solvent (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt); and
(c) reacting the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) with the titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent of step (b) to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen;
wherein wt/wt is with respect to compound of Formula (II). 73. The process of any one of claims 64 to 72, wherein the titanium salt is selected from the group consisting of titanium halides (such as titanium trichloride (TiCl3), titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), titanium iodides, titanium bromides, and titanium fluorides), titanium(IV) trichloride isopropoxide, and titanium isopropoxide. 74. The process of any one of claims 64 to 73, wherein the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of zinc, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminum, magnesium, potassium, zinc-copper couple, alkali and alkali earth metals, butylium, lithium, and lithium aluminum hydride. 75. The process of any one of claims 64 to 74, wherein the inert organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, diethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, tert-butyl methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, diglyme, nitromethane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, pyridine, acetone, acetonitrile, benzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, xylenes, hexanes, cyclohexane, heptane, octane, nonane, and decane, or a combination thereof. 76. The process of any one of claims 64 to 75, wherein the preparation of the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent in step (b) further comprises maintaining the temperature of the reaction at a temperature of NMT 75° C., NMT 65° C., NMT 55° C., NMT 50° C., NMT 45° C., NMT 40° C., NMT 35° C., NMT 30° C., NMT 25° C., NMT 20° C., or NMT 15° C. when the titanium salt is added to the reducing agent and the inert organic solvent. 77. The process of any one of claims 64 to 76, wherein the preparation of the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent further comprising maintaining the temperature of the reaction at a temperature NMT 75° C., NMT 70° C., NMT 65° C., NMT 60° C., NMT 55° C., NMT 50° C., or NMT 45° C. when the titanium salt is added to the reducing agent and the inert organic solvent. 78. The process of any one of claims 64 to 77, wherein the preparation of the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent in step (b) further comprises heating the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent to a temperature ranging from 20° C. to 250° C., from 40° C. to 70° C., from 50° C. to 230° C., from 50° C. to 120° C., or from 150° C. to 200° C. 79. The process of any one of claims 64 to 78, wherein the preparation of the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent in step (b) further comprises heating the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent under reflux for NLT 30 min, NLT 1 hour, NLT 2 hours, NLT 4 hours, NLT 6 hours, or NLT 8 hours under N2 or argon. 80. The process of any one of claims 64 to 79, wherein the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) is reacted with titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent of step (b) under reflux to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 81. The process of any one of claims 64 to 80, wherein the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) is reacted with titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent of step (b) at a temperature ranging from 40° C. to 80° C. to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen for NLT 4 hours, NLT 6 hours, NLT 8 hours, NLT 12 hours, NLT 24 hours, or NLT 48 hours. 82. The process of any one of claims 64 to 81, further comprising a step of cooling the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen to a temperature ranging from 0° C. to 30° C. 83. The process of any one of claims 64 to 82, further comprising one or more steps of:
(a) extraction of the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen;
(b) washing the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen;
(c) distillation of the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen; and
(d) crystallization to afford a crystalline solid mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 84. The process of claim 83, wherein the extraction is carried out one or more times in MeTHF or THF. 85. The process of any one of claims 65 to 84, further comprising generating the compound of Formula (II) by demethylating the compound of Formula (I) with a demethylating agent (1:0.5 to 1:10 wt/wt) and a proton acceptor (1:0.5 to 1:10 wt/wt) in an inert organic solvent (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt) to form the compound of Formula (II), wherein the wt/wt ratios are with respect to the compound of Formula (I). 86. The process of any one of claims 65 to 85, wherein the proton acceptor is selected from the group consisting of carbonates, such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, and bicarbonates, such as sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate, proton sponge, and DIPEA. 87. The process of any one of claims 65 to 86, wherein the demethylating agent is selected from the group consisting of N-iodosuccinamide, ethyl chloroformates (such as 1-chloroethyl chloroformate, dichloroethyl chloroformate, trichloroethyl chloroformate, α-chloroethyl chloroformate), vinyl chloroformate, cynogen bromide, diethyl azodicarboxylate, and pyridinium chloride. 88. The process of any one of claims 65 to 87, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is reacted with the demethylating agent and the proton acceptor at a temperature ranging from 20° C. to 250° C., from 40° C. to 80° C., from 50° C. to 230° C., from 50° C. to 120° C., and from 150° C. to 200° C. 89. The process of any one of claims 65 to 88, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is reacted with the demethylating agent and the proton acceptor under reflux. 90. The process of any one of claims 65 to 89, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is reacted with the demethylating agent and the proton acceptor for NLT 5 hours, NLT 8 hours, NLT 12 hours, NLT 24 hours, NLT36 hours, NLT 48 hour or NLT 72 hours. 91. The process of any one of claims 3 or 85 to 90, further comprising one or more steps of:
(a) distillation;
(b) reaction with solvent/acid mixture;
(c) neutralization with a neutralizing agent; and
(d) drying under reduced pressure. 92. The process of claim 91, wherein the distillation step comprises one or more solvent swaps with an organic distillation solvent selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate, alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and isopropanol, benzene, acetone, acetonitrile, toluene, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and chloroform. 93. The process of claim 91 or 92, wherein the solvent/acid mixture is selected from the group consisting of methanol/HCl, ethanol/HCl, propanol/HCl, isopropanol/HCl, methanol/sulfuric acid, methanol/phosphoric acid, ethanol/sulfuric acid, ethanol/phosphoric acid, propanol/sulfuric acid, propanol/phosphoric acid, isopropanol/sulfuric acid, isopropanol/phosphoric acid, methanol/acetic acid, ethanol/acetic acid, propanol/acetic acid, isopropanol/acetic acid, methanol/formic acid, ethanol/formic acid, propanol/formic acid, and isopropanol/formic acid. 94. The process of any one of claims 91 to 93, wherein neutralizing agent is sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or aminomethylpropanol. 95. The process of any one of claims 62 to 94, further comprising converting (E)-endoxifen to (Z)-endoxifen by reacting a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen to an acid (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt) in a solvent (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt), wherein the wt/wt ratios are with respect to compounds of Formula (III). 96. The process of claim 95, wherein the acid is HCl, TCA, or TFA. 97. The process of claim 95 or 96, wherein the solvent is acetonitrile, acetonitrile/PPW, IPA, IPA/PPW, dichloromethane, or ethyl acetate. 98. The process of any one of claims 95 to 97, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen is heated with the acid in the solvent under reflux and stirred for NLT 4 hours, NLT 6 hours, NLT 12 hours, NLT 24 hours, or NLT 48 hours. 99. The process of any one of claims 95 to 98, further comprising one or more steps of:
(a) neutralization with a neutralizing agent;
(b) extraction;
(c) one or more washes; and
(d) treatment with activated carbon. 100. An industrially scalable process for manufacturing (Z)-endoxifen, comprising the steps of:
(a) subjecting a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen, compounds of Formula (III) represented by 101. The process of claim 99 or 100, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen, compounds of Formula (III), in step a is pretreated with 6N HCl and neutralized with 8N NaOH. 102. The process of any one of claims 99 to 101, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen, compounds of Formula (III), is prepared by coupling a compound of Formula (II), (4-hydroxyphenyl)(4-(2-(methylamino)ethoxy)phenyl) methanone, to propiophenone catalyzed in a McMurry reaction via TiCl4 and Zn in THF to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen; and wherein the compound of Formula (II) has a structure represented by 103. The process of claim 102, further comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (II) with propiophenone in THF; (b) preparing TiCl4 and Zn in THF; and (c) reacting the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) with the TiCl4 and Zn in THF of step (b) to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 104. The process of claim 102 or 103, comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (II) with propiophenone in THF (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt);
(b) preparing a TiCl4 (0.1 to 12 wt/wt) and Zn (0.01 to 1:10 wt./wt) in THF (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt); and
(c) reacting the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) with the TiCl4 and Zn in THF of step (b) to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen,
wherein wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (II). 105. The process of any one of claims 102 to 104, wherein preparation of TiCl4 and Zn in THF further comprises heating under reflux for NLT 2 hours under N2. 106. The process of any one of claims 102 to 105, further comprising the steps of extractive purification, distillation, and crystallization. 107. The process of any one of claims 102 to 106, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen is subjected to extractive purification comprising a step of:
(a) extraction one or more times with ammonium chloride, silicon dioxide, 40% K2CO3, and THF;
(b) extraction one or more times with K2CO3 and MeTHF;
(c) extraction one or more times with NaOH, NaCl, and MeTHF;
(d) extraction one or more times with MeTHF or THF;
(e) extraction one or more times with 20% NaCl; or
(f) a combination thereof. 108. The process of any one of claims 102 to 107, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen is subjected to extractive purification comprising the steps of:
(a) extraction one or more times with 40% K2CO3 (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt) and MeTHF (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt);
(b) extraction one or more times with 1N NaOH (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt), NaCl (1:0.01 to 1:0.5 wt/wt) and MeTHF (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt);
(c) extraction one or more times with MeTHF (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt); and
(d) extraction with 20% NaCl (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt);
wherein the wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (II). 109. The process of any one of claims 102 to 108, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen is subjected to extractive purification comprising the steps of:
(a) extraction with 25% ammonium chloride (1:10 to 1:30 wt/wt), silicon dioxide (1:0.01 to 1:5 wt/wt) and THY (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt);
(b) one or more washes with THF (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt); and
(c) one or more washes with 40% K2CO3 (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt);
wherein the wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (II). 110. The process of claim 108 or 109, wherein the step of distillation is performed 1 to 5 times with EtOAc (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt) or IPA (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt). 111. The process of any one of claims 106 to 110, wherein the step of distillation is performed at a temperature ranging from 30° C. to 90° C. 112. The process of any one of claims 106 to 111, wherein the distillation is performed at NMT 75° C. 113. The process of any one of claims 102 to 112, wherein the compound of Formula (II) is prepared by demethylating [4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl](4-hydroxyphenyl)methanone, a compound of Formula (I), wherein the compound of Formula (I) has the structure 114. The process of claim 113, comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (I) with DIPEA in tetrahydrofuran; (b) adding 1-chloroethyl chloroformate; (c) distilling with methanol; (d) reacting with methanol/6N HCl; and (e) neutralizing with 8N NaOH. 115. The process of claim 113 or 114, comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (I) with DIPEA (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt) in THF (1:20 wt/wt);
(b) adding 1-chloroethyl chloroformate (1:1 to 1:10 wt./wt);
(c) distilling with methanol one or more times (1:1 to 1:10 wt./wt);
(d) reacting with methanol (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt)/6N HCl (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt); and
(e) neutralizing with 8N NaOH (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt);
wherein wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (I). 116. The process of any one of claims 113 to 115, further comprising one or more steps of:
(a) washing the compound of Formula (II) with purified water (1:1 to 1:5 vol/wt);
(b) washing the compound of formula (II) with ethyl acetate (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt), and
(c) drying the compound of Formula (II) under reduced pressure at NMT 50° C.;
wherein wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (I). 117. The process of any one of claims 62 to 116, further comprising converting (E)-endoxifen to (Z)-endoxifen by reacting a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen to 6N HCl (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt) in EtOAc (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt), wherein wt/wt is with respect to the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 118. The process of claim 117, further comprising the steps of:
(a) neutralizing with 8N NaOH (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt); (b) extraction with ethyl acetate (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt); (c) one or more washes with 20% NaCl (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt); and (d) treatment with activated carbon (1:0.01 to 1:0.1 wt/wt); wherein wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (III). 119. A crystalline form of a compound of Formula (III) produced according to the method of any one of claims 62 to 118. 120. The crystalline form of claim 119, wherein the crystalline form is Form I of the compound of Formula (III). 121. An industrially scalable process of reequilibriating a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen having an E/Z ratio ranging from 45:55 to 55:45 comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting to 6N HCL (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt) in ethyl acetate (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt) a starting mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen having an E/Z-ratio ranging from 99:1 to 60:40; (b) neutralizing with 8N NaOH (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt); (c) washing one or more times with ethyl acetate; and (d) washing one or more times with IPA;
wherein wt/wt is with respect the starting mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 122. An industrially scalable process for manufacturing the crystalline form of any one of claims 12 to 31, comprising:
(a) reacting to 6N HCL (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt) in ethyl acetate (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt) a starting mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen having an E/Z-ratio ranging from 99:1 to 40:60;
(b) neutralizing with 8N NaOH (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt);
(c) washing one or more times with ethyl acetate;
(d) washing one or more times with a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-heptane; and
(e) recovering the crystalline form of any one of claims 12 to 31;
wherein wt/wt is with respect the starting mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 123. A crystalline form of a compound of Formula (III) produced according to the method of claim 121 or 122. 124. The crystalline form of claim 123, wherein the crystalline form is Form II or Form III of the compound of Formula (III). 125. The process of any one of claims 62 to 122, wherein the (Z)-endoxifen is reacted with D-gluconate or L-Gluconate to form (Z)-endoxifen L-gluconate or (Z)-endoxifen D-gluconate. 126. The process of any one of claims 62 to 125, wherein the (Z)-endoxifen free base has <1% impurity. 127. The process of any one of claims 62 to 126, wherein the (Z)-endoxifen free base is stable at ambient temperature for at least 9 months. 128. (Z)-endoxifen, (E)-endoxifen, a compound of Formula (III), a compound of Formula (II), or a salt thereof, prepared by the process of any one of claims 62 to 127. 129. A composition comprising (Z)-endoxifen free base or a salt thereof prepared by the process of any one of claims 62 to 127. 130. The composition of claim 129, wherein the composition is formulated for oral, parenteral, topical, or intraductal delivery. 131. The composition of claim 129 or 130, wherein the composition is formulated for oral delivery as a tablet, a caplet, a capsule, or a pill. 132. The composition of claim 131, having a mean half-life of endoxifen in a subject ranging from 30 hours to 60 hours after administration. 133. The composition of any one of claims 129 to 132, wherein the composition is formulated for oral delivery as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 134. The composition of any one of claims 129 to 133, wherein the composition is administered to a subject for the treatment or prevention of a hormone-dependent breast disorder, a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder, or both in the subject. 135. An oral composition comprising 1 mg to 200 mg per unit dose of (Z)-endoxifen free base or a salt thereof, for administration to a subject in need thereof, wherein daily administration of the oral composition achieves in the subject:
(a) a steady state plasma level of endoxifen within 7 to 21 days; (b) a steady state plasma level of endoxifen ranging from 25 nM to 300 nM; (c) a steady state plasma level of endoxifen greater than 30 nM; (d) maximal plasma levels of endoxifen within 2 to 10 hours after administering; or (e) any combination thereof. 136. The oral composition of claim 135, having a mean half-life of endoxifen in a subject ranging from 40 hours to 55 hours after administration. 137. The oral composition of claim 135 or 136, wherein the composition is formulated as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 138. The oral composition of claim 133 or 137, wherein at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% endoxifen is released in the intestines. 139. The composition or oral composition of any one of claims 129 to 138, having a mean area under the curve extrapolated to time infinity (AUC0-inf) of 200 hr*ng/mL to 10000 hr*ng/mL, of 300 hr*ng/mL to 8000 hr*ng/mL, of 400 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL or of 700 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL. 140. A method of treating a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an oral composition of any one of claims 129 to 139. 141. The method of claim 140, wherein the subject has or is at risk of having a hormone-dependent breast disorder, a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder, or both. 142. The method of claim 141, wherein the hormone-dependent breast disorder or the hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder is a benign breast disorder, hyperplasia, atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, increased breast density, gynecomastia, DCIS, LCIS, breast cancer, precocious puberty, McCune-Albright Syndrome, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, or vulvar cancer. 143. The method of claim 141 or 142, wherein the subject has prostate cancer and wherein the subject further has or is at risk of having gynecomastia. 144. The method of any one of claims 141 to 143, wherein the subject has tamoxifen-refractory or tamoxifen resistant hormone-dependent breast disorder or hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder. 145. The method of any one of claims 141 to 144, wherein the subject is or will be treated with an SSRI drug selected from the group consisting of citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, and vilazodone. 146. The method of any one of claims 141 to 145, wherein the subject is administered 0.01 mg to 200 mg of (Z)-endoxifen. 147. The method of any one of claims 141 to 146, wherein the subject is administered 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of (Z)-endoxifen daily. 148. The method of any one of claims 141 to 147, wherein a steady state plasma level of endoxifen in the subject is greater than 30 nM. 149. The method of any one of claims 141 to 148, wherein the steady state plasma level of endoxifen is achieved within 7 to 21 days of the first administration of the composition. 150. The method of any one of claims 141 to 149, wherein time to maximum plasma levels of endoxifen ranges from 2 hours to 10 hours or from 4 hours to 8 hours after administering the composition. 151. A method of treating a subject having or at risk of having a hormone-dependent breast disorder or a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder or both, the method comprising administering an oral composition comprising (Z)-endoxifen or a salt thereof, wherein administration of the composition achieves:
(a) a mean half-life of endoxifen in the subject ranging from 30 hours to 60 hours after administration; (b) a time to maximum plasma levels of endoxifen ranging from 4 hours to 8 hours after administration; and (c) a steady state plasma level of endoxifen greater than 30 nM. 152. The method of claim 151, wherein the subject is administered 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of (Z)-endoxifen. 153. The method of claim 151 or 152, wherein the mean area under the curve extrapolated to time infinity (AUC0-inf) is 200 hr*ng/mL to 10000 hr*ng/mL, of 300 hr*ng/mL to 8000 hr*ng/mL, of 400 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL or of 700 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL. 154. The method of any one of claims 151 to 153, wherein the composition is formulated as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 155. The method of any one of claims 151 to 154, wherein at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of the endoxifen is released in the intestines. 156. The method of claim 151 or 155, wherein the composition is administered once a day, twice a day, thrice a day, four times a day, every other day, twice a week, weekly, fortnightly, twice a month, monthly, quarterly, once every six months, or annually. 157. The method of any one of claims 151 to 156, wherein the hormone-dependent breast disorder and the hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder are selected from the group consisting of benign breast disorders, hyperplasia, atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, increased breast density, gynecomastia, DCIS, LCIS, breast cancer, precocious puberty, McCune-Albright Syndrome, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer. | The present disclosure provides industrially scalable methods of making (Z)-endoxifen or a salt thereof, crystalline forms of endoxifen, and compositions comprising them. The present disclosure also provides methods for treating hormone-dependent breast and hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorders.1. A composition comprising a crystalline form of a compound of Formula (III): 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein at least 90% by weight of the compound of Formula (III) in the composition is the (Z)-isomer. 3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the crystalline form is Form I of the compound of Formula (III). 4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising major peaks at 16.8 0.3°, 17.1±0.3° and 21.8±0.3° two theta. 5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises at least one peak selected from 16.0 0.3°, 18.8±0.3° and 26.5±0.3° two theta. 6. The composition of claim 4 or 5, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises at least one peak selected from 12.3±0.3°, 28.0±0.3° and 29.0±0.3° two theta. 7. The composition of claim 4, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises peaks at 12.3±0.3°, 16.0±0.3°, 18.8±0.3°, 26.5±0.3°, 28.0±0.3° and 29.0±0.3° two theta. 8. The composition of any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as set forth in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10. 9. The composition of any one of claims 3 to 8, wherein greater than 90%, 95% or 99% by weight of the compound of Formula (III) in the composition is crystalline Form I. 10. The composition of any one of claims 3 to 9, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 200 mg of crystalline Form I. 11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the composition comprises about 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of crystalline Form I. 12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises the (E)-isomer and the (Z)-isomer of the compound of Formula (III) in an E/Z ratio between 0.9 and 1.3. 13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the E/Z ratio is about 1.1. 14. The composition of claim 12 or 13, wherein the crystalline form is Form II of the compound of Formula (III). 15. The composition of claim 14, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising major peaks at 7.0±0.3°, 11.9±0.3°, 14.0±0.3° and 18.4±0.3° two theta. 16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises a peak at 22.0±0.3° two theta. 17. The composition of claim 15 or 16, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises at least one peak selected from 6.6±0.3°, 13.3±0.3° and 20.0±0.3° two theta. 18. The composition of claim 15, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises peaks at 6.6±0.3°, 13.3±0.3°, 20.0±0.3° and 22.0±0.3° two theta. 19. The composition of any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as set forth in FIG. 11 or FIG. 12. 20. The composition of any one of claims 14 to 19, wherein greater than 90%, 95% or 99% by weight of the compound of Formula (III) in the composition is crystalline Form II. 21. The composition of any one of claims 14 to 20, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 200 mg of crystalline Form II. 22. The composition of claim 21, wherein the composition comprises about 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of crystalline Form II. 23. The composition of claim 12 or 13, wherein the crystalline form is Form III of the compound of Formula (III). 24. The composition of claim 23, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern comprising major peaks at 11.9±0.3°, 13.9±0.3°, 17.1±0.3° and 17.7±0.3° two theta. 25. The composition of claim 24, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises a peak at 25.3±0.3° two theta. 26. The composition of claim 24 or 25, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises at least one peak selected from 18.2±0.3°, 22.5±0.3° and 26.8±0.3° two theta. 27. The composition of claim 24, wherein the x-ray powder diffraction pattern further comprises peaks at 18.2±0.3°, 22.5±0.3°, 25.3±0.3° and 26.8±0.3° two theta. 28. The composition of any one of claims 23 to 27, wherein the crystalline form is characterized by an x-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as set forth in FIG. 13. 29. The composition of any one of claims 23 to 28, wherein greater than 90%, 95% or 99% by weight of the compound of Formula (III) in the composition is crystalline Form III. 30. The composition of any one of claims 23 to 29, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 200 mg of crystalline Form III. 31. The composition of claim 30, wherein the composition comprises about 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of crystalline Form III. 32. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and the composition of any one of the preceding claims. 33. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is formulated for oral, parenteral, topical, or intraductal delivery. 34. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is formulated for oral delivery as a tablet, a caplet, a capsule, or a pill. 35. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein a mean half-life of endoxifen in a subject treated with the composition is between 30 hours to 60 hours. 36. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is formulated for oral delivery as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 37. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is administered to a subject for the treatment or prevention of a hormone-dependent breast disorder, a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder, or both in the subject. 38. An oral composition comprising 1 mg to 200 mg per unit dose of the composition of any one of the preceding claims for administration to a subject in need thereof, wherein daily administration of the oral composition achieves in the subject:
a steady state plasma level of endoxifen within 7 to 21 days; a steady state plasma level of endoxifen ranging from 25 nM to 300 nM; a steady state plasma level of endoxifen greater than 30 nM; maximal plasma levels of endoxifen within 2 to 10 hours after administering; or any combination thereof. 39. The oral composition of claim 38, wherein a mean half-life of endoxifen in a subject treated with the composition is between 40 hours to 55 hours. 40. The oral composition of claim 38 or 39, wherein the composition is formulated as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 41. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of endoxifen in the composition is released in the intestines. 42. The composition of any one of the preceding claims, having a mean area under the curve extrapolated to time infinity (AUC0-inf) of endoxifen of 200 hr*ng/mL to 10000 hr*ng/mL, of 300 hr*ng/mL to 8000 hr*ng/mL, of 400 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL or of 700 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL. 43. A method of treating a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject the composition of any one of claims 1 to 42. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the subject has or is at risk of having a hormone-dependent breast disorder, a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder, or both. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the hormone-dependent breast disorder or the hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder is a benign breast disorder, hyperplasia, atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, increased breast density, gynecomastia, DCIS, LCIS, breast cancer, precocious puberty, McCune-Albright Syndrome, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, or vulvar cancer. 46. The method of any one of claims 43 to 45, wherein the subject has prostate cancer and wherein the subject further has or is at risk of having gynecomastia. 47. The method of any one of claims 43 to 46, wherein the subject has tamoxifen-refractory or tamoxifen resistant hormone-dependent breast disorder or hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder. 48. The method of any one of claims 43 to 47, wherein the subject is or will be treated with an SSRI drug selected from the group consisting of citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, and vilazodone. 49. The method of any one of claims 43 to 48, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 200 mg of (Z)-endoxifen. 50. The method of any one of claims 43 to 49, wherein the subject is administered about 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of (Z)-endoxifen daily. 51. The method of any one of claims 43 to 50, wherein a steady state plasma level of endoxifen in the subject is greater than 30 nM. 52. The method of any one of claims 43 to 51, wherein the steady state plasma level of endoxifen is achieved within 7 to 21 days of the first administration of the composition. 53. The method of any one of claims 43 to 52, wherein time to maximum plasma levels of endoxifen ranges from 2 hours to 10 hours or from 4 hours to 8 hours after administering the composition. 54. A method of treating a subject having or at risk of having a hormone-dependent breast disorder, a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder, or both, the method comprising administering the composition of any one of claims 1 to 42, wherein administration of the composition achieves:
a mean half-life of endoxifen in the subject ranging from 30 hours to 60 hours after administration;
a time to maximum plasma levels of endoxifen ranging from 4 hours to 8 hours after administration; and
a steady state plasma level of endoxifen greater than 30 nM. 55. The method of claim 54, wherein the hormone-dependent breast disorder and the hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder are selected from the group consisting of benign breast disorders, hyperplasia, atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, increased breast density, gynecomastia, DCIS, LCIS, breast cancer, precocious puberty, McCune-Albright Syndrome, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer. 56. The method of claim 54 or 55, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 mg to 200 mg of (Z)-endoxifen. 57. The method of claim 56, wherein the subject is administered about 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of (Z)-endoxifen. 58. The method of any one of claims 43 to 57, wherein the mean area under the curve extrapolated to time infinity (AUC0-inf) of endoxifen is 200 hr*ng/mL to 10000 hr*ng/mL, 300 hr*ng/mL to 8000 hr*ng/mL, 400 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL or 700 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL. 59. The method of any one of claims 43 to 58, wherein the composition is formulated as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 60. The method of any one of claims 43 to 59, wherein at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of endoxifen in the composition is released in the intestines. 61. The method of any one of claims 43 to 60, wherein the composition is administered once a day, twice a day, thrice a day, four times a day, every other day, twice a week, weekly, fortnightly, twice a month, monthly, quarterly, once every six months, or annually. 62. An industrially scalable process for manufacturing (Z)-endoxifen, comprising the steps of:
(a) subjecting a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen, compounds of Formula (III), represented by 63. An industrially scalable process for manufacturing the crystalline form of any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising the steps of:
(a) subjecting a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen, compounds of Formula (III), represented by 64. The process of claim 62 or 63, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen is prepared by coupling a compound of Formula (II), (4-hydroxyphenyl)(4-(2-(methylamino)ethoxy)phenyl) methanone, to propiophenone mediated by a McMurry reaction via a titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen; and wherein the compound of Formula (II) has a structure represented by 65. The process of claim 64, further comprising preparing the compound of Formula (II) by demethylating [4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl](4-hydroxyphenyl)methanone, a compound of Formula (I), wherein the compound of Formula (I) has the structure 66. The process of any one of claims 62 to 65, wherein the first solvent is ethyl acetate, IPA, IPA/PPW, ACN, ACN/PPW or acetone. 67. The process of any one of claims 62 to 66, wherein the second solvent is IPA, IPA/PPW, acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, or acetone/MTBE. 68. The process of any one of claims 62 to 67, wherein the third solvent is ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, IPA, IPA/PPW, n-heptane, or acetone. 69. The process of any one of claims 62 to 68, further comprising pre-heating any one or more of the first solvent, the second solvent and the third solvent to a temperature ranging from 40° C. to 80° C. 70. The process of any one of claims 62 to 69, wherein each fractional crystallization and recrystallization step independently comprises a step of distillation at 50° C. to 80° C.; and cooling the solution to a temperature ranging from 0° C. to NMT 35° C. 71. The process of any one of claims 64 to 70, further comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (II) with propiophenone in an inert organic solvent;
(b) preparing a titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent; and
(c) reacting the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) with the titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent of step (b) to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 72. The process of any one of claims 64 to 71, further comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (II) with propiophenone (1:0.01 to 1:5 wt/wt) in an inert organic solvent (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt);
(b) preparing a titanium salt (1:0.1 to 1:12 wt/wt) and a reducing agent (1:0.01 to 1:10 wt/wt) in an inert organic solvent (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt); and
(c) reacting the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) with the titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent of step (b) to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen;
wherein wt/wt is with respect to compound of Formula (II). 73. The process of any one of claims 64 to 72, wherein the titanium salt is selected from the group consisting of titanium halides (such as titanium trichloride (TiCl3), titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), titanium iodides, titanium bromides, and titanium fluorides), titanium(IV) trichloride isopropoxide, and titanium isopropoxide. 74. The process of any one of claims 64 to 73, wherein the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of zinc, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminum, magnesium, potassium, zinc-copper couple, alkali and alkali earth metals, butylium, lithium, and lithium aluminum hydride. 75. The process of any one of claims 64 to 74, wherein the inert organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, diethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, tert-butyl methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, diglyme, nitromethane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, pyridine, acetone, acetonitrile, benzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, xylenes, hexanes, cyclohexane, heptane, octane, nonane, and decane, or a combination thereof. 76. The process of any one of claims 64 to 75, wherein the preparation of the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent in step (b) further comprises maintaining the temperature of the reaction at a temperature of NMT 75° C., NMT 65° C., NMT 55° C., NMT 50° C., NMT 45° C., NMT 40° C., NMT 35° C., NMT 30° C., NMT 25° C., NMT 20° C., or NMT 15° C. when the titanium salt is added to the reducing agent and the inert organic solvent. 77. The process of any one of claims 64 to 76, wherein the preparation of the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent further comprising maintaining the temperature of the reaction at a temperature NMT 75° C., NMT 70° C., NMT 65° C., NMT 60° C., NMT 55° C., NMT 50° C., or NMT 45° C. when the titanium salt is added to the reducing agent and the inert organic solvent. 78. The process of any one of claims 64 to 77, wherein the preparation of the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent in step (b) further comprises heating the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent to a temperature ranging from 20° C. to 250° C., from 40° C. to 70° C., from 50° C. to 230° C., from 50° C. to 120° C., or from 150° C. to 200° C. 79. The process of any one of claims 64 to 78, wherein the preparation of the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent in step (b) further comprises heating the titanium salt and the reducing agent in the inert organic solvent under reflux for NLT 30 min, NLT 1 hour, NLT 2 hours, NLT 4 hours, NLT 6 hours, or NLT 8 hours under N2 or argon. 80. The process of any one of claims 64 to 79, wherein the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) is reacted with titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent of step (b) under reflux to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 81. The process of any one of claims 64 to 80, wherein the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) is reacted with titanium salt and a reducing agent in an inert organic solvent of step (b) at a temperature ranging from 40° C. to 80° C. to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen for NLT 4 hours, NLT 6 hours, NLT 8 hours, NLT 12 hours, NLT 24 hours, or NLT 48 hours. 82. The process of any one of claims 64 to 81, further comprising a step of cooling the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen to a temperature ranging from 0° C. to 30° C. 83. The process of any one of claims 64 to 82, further comprising one or more steps of:
(a) extraction of the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen;
(b) washing the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen;
(c) distillation of the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen; and
(d) crystallization to afford a crystalline solid mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 84. The process of claim 83, wherein the extraction is carried out one or more times in MeTHF or THF. 85. The process of any one of claims 65 to 84, further comprising generating the compound of Formula (II) by demethylating the compound of Formula (I) with a demethylating agent (1:0.5 to 1:10 wt/wt) and a proton acceptor (1:0.5 to 1:10 wt/wt) in an inert organic solvent (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt) to form the compound of Formula (II), wherein the wt/wt ratios are with respect to the compound of Formula (I). 86. The process of any one of claims 65 to 85, wherein the proton acceptor is selected from the group consisting of carbonates, such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, and bicarbonates, such as sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate, proton sponge, and DIPEA. 87. The process of any one of claims 65 to 86, wherein the demethylating agent is selected from the group consisting of N-iodosuccinamide, ethyl chloroformates (such as 1-chloroethyl chloroformate, dichloroethyl chloroformate, trichloroethyl chloroformate, α-chloroethyl chloroformate), vinyl chloroformate, cynogen bromide, diethyl azodicarboxylate, and pyridinium chloride. 88. The process of any one of claims 65 to 87, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is reacted with the demethylating agent and the proton acceptor at a temperature ranging from 20° C. to 250° C., from 40° C. to 80° C., from 50° C. to 230° C., from 50° C. to 120° C., and from 150° C. to 200° C. 89. The process of any one of claims 65 to 88, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is reacted with the demethylating agent and the proton acceptor under reflux. 90. The process of any one of claims 65 to 89, wherein the compound of Formula (I) is reacted with the demethylating agent and the proton acceptor for NLT 5 hours, NLT 8 hours, NLT 12 hours, NLT 24 hours, NLT36 hours, NLT 48 hour or NLT 72 hours. 91. The process of any one of claims 3 or 85 to 90, further comprising one or more steps of:
(a) distillation;
(b) reaction with solvent/acid mixture;
(c) neutralization with a neutralizing agent; and
(d) drying under reduced pressure. 92. The process of claim 91, wherein the distillation step comprises one or more solvent swaps with an organic distillation solvent selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate, alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and isopropanol, benzene, acetone, acetonitrile, toluene, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and chloroform. 93. The process of claim 91 or 92, wherein the solvent/acid mixture is selected from the group consisting of methanol/HCl, ethanol/HCl, propanol/HCl, isopropanol/HCl, methanol/sulfuric acid, methanol/phosphoric acid, ethanol/sulfuric acid, ethanol/phosphoric acid, propanol/sulfuric acid, propanol/phosphoric acid, isopropanol/sulfuric acid, isopropanol/phosphoric acid, methanol/acetic acid, ethanol/acetic acid, propanol/acetic acid, isopropanol/acetic acid, methanol/formic acid, ethanol/formic acid, propanol/formic acid, and isopropanol/formic acid. 94. The process of any one of claims 91 to 93, wherein neutralizing agent is sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or aminomethylpropanol. 95. The process of any one of claims 62 to 94, further comprising converting (E)-endoxifen to (Z)-endoxifen by reacting a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen to an acid (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt) in a solvent (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt), wherein the wt/wt ratios are with respect to compounds of Formula (III). 96. The process of claim 95, wherein the acid is HCl, TCA, or TFA. 97. The process of claim 95 or 96, wherein the solvent is acetonitrile, acetonitrile/PPW, IPA, IPA/PPW, dichloromethane, or ethyl acetate. 98. The process of any one of claims 95 to 97, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen is heated with the acid in the solvent under reflux and stirred for NLT 4 hours, NLT 6 hours, NLT 12 hours, NLT 24 hours, or NLT 48 hours. 99. The process of any one of claims 95 to 98, further comprising one or more steps of:
(a) neutralization with a neutralizing agent;
(b) extraction;
(c) one or more washes; and
(d) treatment with activated carbon. 100. An industrially scalable process for manufacturing (Z)-endoxifen, comprising the steps of:
(a) subjecting a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen, compounds of Formula (III) represented by 101. The process of claim 99 or 100, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen, compounds of Formula (III), in step a is pretreated with 6N HCl and neutralized with 8N NaOH. 102. The process of any one of claims 99 to 101, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen, compounds of Formula (III), is prepared by coupling a compound of Formula (II), (4-hydroxyphenyl)(4-(2-(methylamino)ethoxy)phenyl) methanone, to propiophenone catalyzed in a McMurry reaction via TiCl4 and Zn in THF to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen; and wherein the compound of Formula (II) has a structure represented by 103. The process of claim 102, further comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (II) with propiophenone in THF; (b) preparing TiCl4 and Zn in THF; and (c) reacting the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) with the TiCl4 and Zn in THF of step (b) to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 104. The process of claim 102 or 103, comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (II) with propiophenone in THF (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt);
(b) preparing a TiCl4 (0.1 to 12 wt/wt) and Zn (0.01 to 1:10 wt./wt) in THF (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt); and
(c) reacting the compound of Formula (II) of step (a) with the TiCl4 and Zn in THF of step (b) to form the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen,
wherein wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (II). 105. The process of any one of claims 102 to 104, wherein preparation of TiCl4 and Zn in THF further comprises heating under reflux for NLT 2 hours under N2. 106. The process of any one of claims 102 to 105, further comprising the steps of extractive purification, distillation, and crystallization. 107. The process of any one of claims 102 to 106, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen is subjected to extractive purification comprising a step of:
(a) extraction one or more times with ammonium chloride, silicon dioxide, 40% K2CO3, and THF;
(b) extraction one or more times with K2CO3 and MeTHF;
(c) extraction one or more times with NaOH, NaCl, and MeTHF;
(d) extraction one or more times with MeTHF or THF;
(e) extraction one or more times with 20% NaCl; or
(f) a combination thereof. 108. The process of any one of claims 102 to 107, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen is subjected to extractive purification comprising the steps of:
(a) extraction one or more times with 40% K2CO3 (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt) and MeTHF (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt);
(b) extraction one or more times with 1N NaOH (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt), NaCl (1:0.01 to 1:0.5 wt/wt) and MeTHF (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt);
(c) extraction one or more times with MeTHF (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt); and
(d) extraction with 20% NaCl (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt);
wherein the wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (II). 109. The process of any one of claims 102 to 108, wherein the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen is subjected to extractive purification comprising the steps of:
(a) extraction with 25% ammonium chloride (1:10 to 1:30 wt/wt), silicon dioxide (1:0.01 to 1:5 wt/wt) and THY (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt);
(b) one or more washes with THF (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt); and
(c) one or more washes with 40% K2CO3 (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt);
wherein the wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (II). 110. The process of claim 108 or 109, wherein the step of distillation is performed 1 to 5 times with EtOAc (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt) or IPA (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt). 111. The process of any one of claims 106 to 110, wherein the step of distillation is performed at a temperature ranging from 30° C. to 90° C. 112. The process of any one of claims 106 to 111, wherein the distillation is performed at NMT 75° C. 113. The process of any one of claims 102 to 112, wherein the compound of Formula (II) is prepared by demethylating [4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl](4-hydroxyphenyl)methanone, a compound of Formula (I), wherein the compound of Formula (I) has the structure 114. The process of claim 113, comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (I) with DIPEA in tetrahydrofuran; (b) adding 1-chloroethyl chloroformate; (c) distilling with methanol; (d) reacting with methanol/6N HCl; and (e) neutralizing with 8N NaOH. 115. The process of claim 113 or 114, comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting the compound of Formula (I) with DIPEA (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt) in THF (1:20 wt/wt);
(b) adding 1-chloroethyl chloroformate (1:1 to 1:10 wt./wt);
(c) distilling with methanol one or more times (1:1 to 1:10 wt./wt);
(d) reacting with methanol (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt)/6N HCl (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt); and
(e) neutralizing with 8N NaOH (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt);
wherein wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (I). 116. The process of any one of claims 113 to 115, further comprising one or more steps of:
(a) washing the compound of Formula (II) with purified water (1:1 to 1:5 vol/wt);
(b) washing the compound of formula (II) with ethyl acetate (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt), and
(c) drying the compound of Formula (II) under reduced pressure at NMT 50° C.;
wherein wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (I). 117. The process of any one of claims 62 to 116, further comprising converting (E)-endoxifen to (Z)-endoxifen by reacting a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen to 6N HCl (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt) in EtOAc (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt), wherein wt/wt is with respect to the mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 118. The process of claim 117, further comprising the steps of:
(a) neutralizing with 8N NaOH (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt); (b) extraction with ethyl acetate (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt); (c) one or more washes with 20% NaCl (1:1 to 1:10 wt/wt); and (d) treatment with activated carbon (1:0.01 to 1:0.1 wt/wt); wherein wt/wt is with respect to the compound of Formula (III). 119. A crystalline form of a compound of Formula (III) produced according to the method of any one of claims 62 to 118. 120. The crystalline form of claim 119, wherein the crystalline form is Form I of the compound of Formula (III). 121. An industrially scalable process of reequilibriating a mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen having an E/Z ratio ranging from 45:55 to 55:45 comprising the steps of:
(a) reacting to 6N HCL (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt) in ethyl acetate (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt) a starting mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen having an E/Z-ratio ranging from 99:1 to 60:40; (b) neutralizing with 8N NaOH (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt); (c) washing one or more times with ethyl acetate; and (d) washing one or more times with IPA;
wherein wt/wt is with respect the starting mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 122. An industrially scalable process for manufacturing the crystalline form of any one of claims 12 to 31, comprising:
(a) reacting to 6N HCL (1:1 to 1:5 wt/wt) in ethyl acetate (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt) a starting mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen having an E/Z-ratio ranging from 99:1 to 40:60;
(b) neutralizing with 8N NaOH (1:1 to 1:20 wt/wt);
(c) washing one or more times with ethyl acetate;
(d) washing one or more times with a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-heptane; and
(e) recovering the crystalline form of any one of claims 12 to 31;
wherein wt/wt is with respect the starting mixture of (E)-endoxifen and (Z)-endoxifen. 123. A crystalline form of a compound of Formula (III) produced according to the method of claim 121 or 122. 124. The crystalline form of claim 123, wherein the crystalline form is Form II or Form III of the compound of Formula (III). 125. The process of any one of claims 62 to 122, wherein the (Z)-endoxifen is reacted with D-gluconate or L-Gluconate to form (Z)-endoxifen L-gluconate or (Z)-endoxifen D-gluconate. 126. The process of any one of claims 62 to 125, wherein the (Z)-endoxifen free base has <1% impurity. 127. The process of any one of claims 62 to 126, wherein the (Z)-endoxifen free base is stable at ambient temperature for at least 9 months. 128. (Z)-endoxifen, (E)-endoxifen, a compound of Formula (III), a compound of Formula (II), or a salt thereof, prepared by the process of any one of claims 62 to 127. 129. A composition comprising (Z)-endoxifen free base or a salt thereof prepared by the process of any one of claims 62 to 127. 130. The composition of claim 129, wherein the composition is formulated for oral, parenteral, topical, or intraductal delivery. 131. The composition of claim 129 or 130, wherein the composition is formulated for oral delivery as a tablet, a caplet, a capsule, or a pill. 132. The composition of claim 131, having a mean half-life of endoxifen in a subject ranging from 30 hours to 60 hours after administration. 133. The composition of any one of claims 129 to 132, wherein the composition is formulated for oral delivery as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 134. The composition of any one of claims 129 to 133, wherein the composition is administered to a subject for the treatment or prevention of a hormone-dependent breast disorder, a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder, or both in the subject. 135. An oral composition comprising 1 mg to 200 mg per unit dose of (Z)-endoxifen free base or a salt thereof, for administration to a subject in need thereof, wherein daily administration of the oral composition achieves in the subject:
(a) a steady state plasma level of endoxifen within 7 to 21 days; (b) a steady state plasma level of endoxifen ranging from 25 nM to 300 nM; (c) a steady state plasma level of endoxifen greater than 30 nM; (d) maximal plasma levels of endoxifen within 2 to 10 hours after administering; or (e) any combination thereof. 136. The oral composition of claim 135, having a mean half-life of endoxifen in a subject ranging from 40 hours to 55 hours after administration. 137. The oral composition of claim 135 or 136, wherein the composition is formulated as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 138. The oral composition of claim 133 or 137, wherein at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% endoxifen is released in the intestines. 139. The composition or oral composition of any one of claims 129 to 138, having a mean area under the curve extrapolated to time infinity (AUC0-inf) of 200 hr*ng/mL to 10000 hr*ng/mL, of 300 hr*ng/mL to 8000 hr*ng/mL, of 400 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL or of 700 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL. 140. A method of treating a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an oral composition of any one of claims 129 to 139. 141. The method of claim 140, wherein the subject has or is at risk of having a hormone-dependent breast disorder, a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder, or both. 142. The method of claim 141, wherein the hormone-dependent breast disorder or the hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder is a benign breast disorder, hyperplasia, atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, increased breast density, gynecomastia, DCIS, LCIS, breast cancer, precocious puberty, McCune-Albright Syndrome, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, or vulvar cancer. 143. The method of claim 141 or 142, wherein the subject has prostate cancer and wherein the subject further has or is at risk of having gynecomastia. 144. The method of any one of claims 141 to 143, wherein the subject has tamoxifen-refractory or tamoxifen resistant hormone-dependent breast disorder or hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder. 145. The method of any one of claims 141 to 144, wherein the subject is or will be treated with an SSRI drug selected from the group consisting of citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, and vilazodone. 146. The method of any one of claims 141 to 145, wherein the subject is administered 0.01 mg to 200 mg of (Z)-endoxifen. 147. The method of any one of claims 141 to 146, wherein the subject is administered 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of (Z)-endoxifen daily. 148. The method of any one of claims 141 to 147, wherein a steady state plasma level of endoxifen in the subject is greater than 30 nM. 149. The method of any one of claims 141 to 148, wherein the steady state plasma level of endoxifen is achieved within 7 to 21 days of the first administration of the composition. 150. The method of any one of claims 141 to 149, wherein time to maximum plasma levels of endoxifen ranges from 2 hours to 10 hours or from 4 hours to 8 hours after administering the composition. 151. A method of treating a subject having or at risk of having a hormone-dependent breast disorder or a hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder or both, the method comprising administering an oral composition comprising (Z)-endoxifen or a salt thereof, wherein administration of the composition achieves:
(a) a mean half-life of endoxifen in the subject ranging from 30 hours to 60 hours after administration; (b) a time to maximum plasma levels of endoxifen ranging from 4 hours to 8 hours after administration; and (c) a steady state plasma level of endoxifen greater than 30 nM. 152. The method of claim 151, wherein the subject is administered 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg of (Z)-endoxifen. 153. The method of claim 151 or 152, wherein the mean area under the curve extrapolated to time infinity (AUC0-inf) is 200 hr*ng/mL to 10000 hr*ng/mL, of 300 hr*ng/mL to 8000 hr*ng/mL, of 400 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL or of 700 hr*ng/mL to 6000 hr*ng/mL. 154. The method of any one of claims 151 to 153, wherein the composition is formulated as an enteric tablet, an enteric caplet, an enteric capsule, a delayed-release tablet, a delayed-release caplet or a delayed-release capsule. 155. The method of any one of claims 151 to 154, wherein at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of the endoxifen is released in the intestines. 156. The method of claim 151 or 155, wherein the composition is administered once a day, twice a day, thrice a day, four times a day, every other day, twice a week, weekly, fortnightly, twice a month, monthly, quarterly, once every six months, or annually. 157. The method of any one of claims 151 to 156, wherein the hormone-dependent breast disorder and the hormone-dependent reproductive tract disorder are selected from the group consisting of benign breast disorders, hyperplasia, atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, increased breast density, gynecomastia, DCIS, LCIS, breast cancer, precocious puberty, McCune-Albright Syndrome, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer. | 2,600 |
338,972 | 16,642,012 | 2,698 | A method for producing work is disclosed. The method includes increasing the pressure of a working fluid including carbon dioxide from a first pressure at least equal to a triple point pressure to a second pressure above the triple point pressure. The method also includes heating the working fluid, extracting mechanical work by expanding a first portion of the heated working fluid to a third pressure, supplying a second portion of the heated working fluid as a motive fluid to an ejector, increasing the pressure of the expanded working fluid by supplying the expanded working fluid to the ejector to combine with the motive fluid and form an output fluid at the fourth pressure, the fourth pressure at least equal to the triple point pressure of the working fluid. The method also includes refrigerating the output fluid to condense a vapor phase into a liquid phase. | 1. A method for producing work, comprising:
increasing the pressure of a working fluid with a pressurization device, from a first pressure at least equal to a triple point pressure of the working fluid to a second pressure above the triple point pressure of the working fluid and higher than the first pressure, the working fluid comprising carbon dioxide; heating the working fluid with a first heat exchanger until it is substantially one of a vapor and a supercritical fluid; extracting mechanical work by expanding a first portion of the heated working fluid to a third pressure below the triple point pressure of the working fluid; supplying a second portion of the heated working fluid as a motive fluid to a high-pressure motive inlet of an ejector; increasing the pressure of the expanded working fluid from the third pressure to a fourth pressure while decreasing the pressure of the motive fluid to the fourth pressure by supplying the expanded working fluid to a low-pressure inlet of the ejector to combine with the motive fluid to form an output fluid at the fourth pressure, the fourth pressure at least equal to the triple point pressure of the working fluid; and refrigerating the output fluid received from an outlet of the ejector to condense a vapor phase portion of the output fluid into a liquid phase by exchanging heat between the output fluid from the ejector and a carbon dioxide solid, converting at least a portion of the carbon dioxide solid to at least one of a liquid phase and a vapor phase having a storage pressure at least equal to a triple point pressure of carbon dioxide. 2. (canceled) 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the output fluid from the ejector is in direct fluid communication with the carbon dioxide solid. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising producing the carbon dioxide solid by extracting heat from at least one of a carbon dioxide liquid and a carbon dioxide vapor at a pressure at least equal to a triple point pressure of carbon dioxide, wherein the production of the carbon dioxide solid is asynchronous from the extraction of mechanical work. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein refrigerating the output fluid from the ejector is accomplished using a Stirling cooling cycle. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein a working fluid of the Stirling cooling cycle comprises carbon dioxide. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the working fluid of the Stirling cooling cycle is in direct fluid communication with the carbon dioxide solid. 8-33. (canceled) 34. A system for producing work, comprising:
a pressurization device communicatively coupled to a second heat exchanger and configured to pressurize a working fluid drawn from the second heat exchanger from a first pressure at least equal to a triple point pressure of the working fluid to a second pressure above the triple point pressure of the working fluid, the working fluid comprising carbon dioxide; a first heat exchanger in thermal contact with the working fluid pressurized by the pressurization device and configured to heat the working fluid until it is substantially one of a vapor and a supercritical fluid; an expansion device communicatively coupled to the pressurization device through the first heat exchanger to produce mechanical work by expanding a first portion of the heated working fluid from the second pressure to a third pressure below the triple point pressure of the working fluid; an ejector communicatively coupled to the expansion device through a low-pressure inlet of the ejector to receive the expanded working fluid at the third pressure, and also communicatively coupled to the pressurization device through a high-pressure motive inlet of the ejector to receive a second portion of the heated working fluid at the second pressure as a motive fluid, and further communicatively coupled to the second heat exchanger through an outlet of the ejector to provide an output fluid at a fourth pressure to the second heat exchanger, the fourth pressure at least equal to the triple point pressure of the working fluid and the output fluid comprising the first and second portions of the working fluid; wherein the second heat exchanger refrigerates the output fluid to condense a vapor phase portion of the output fluid into at least a liquid phase before being supplied to the pressurization device. 35. The system of claim 34, further comprising an insulated vessel comprising a carbon dioxide supply in at least a solid phase and a liquid phase, wherein the second heat exchanger refrigerates the output fluid by exchanging heat between the output fluid from the ejector and the carbon dioxide supply of the insulated vessel, converting at least a portion of the carbon dioxide solid to at least one of a liquid phase and a vapor phase having a storage pressure at least equal to the triple point pressure of carbon dioxide. 36. The system of claim 35, wherein output fluid of the ejector is in direct fluid communication with the carbon dioxide supply of the insulated vessel. 37. The system of claim 35, further comprising a heat engine thermally coupled to the insulated vessel and configured to extract work from the carbon dioxide supply. 38. The system of claim 37, wherein the heat engine and the second heat exchanger are the same device. 39-42. (canceled) 43. A method for producing work, comprising:
increasing the pressure of a working fluid with a pressurization device, from a first pressure at least equal to a triple point pressure of the working fluid to a second pressure above the triple point pressure of the working fluid and higher than the first pressure, the working fluid comprising carbon dioxide; heating the working fluid with a first heat exchanger until it is substantially one of a vapor and a supercritical fluid; extracting mechanical work by expanding a first portion of the heated working fluid to a third pressure below the triple point pressure of the working fluid; supplying a second portion of the heated working fluid as a motive fluid to a high-pressure motive inlet of an ejector; increasing the pressure of the expanded working fluid from the third pressure to a fourth pressure while decreasing the pressure of the motive fluid to the fourth pressure by supplying the expanded working fluid to a low-pressure inlet of the ejector to combine with the motive fluid to form an output fluid at the fourth pressure, the fourth pressure at least equal to the triple point pressure of the working fluid; and refrigerating the output fluid received from an outlet of the ejector to condense a vapor phase portion of the output fluid into a liquid phase. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the pressurization device is a liquid pump. 45. The method of claim 43, wherein the second pressure is a pressure corresponding to a vapor-liquid equilibrium proximate an atmospheric ambient temperature, and wherein heating the working fluid is accomplished by an ambient source. 46. The method of claim 43, wherein the second pressure is a pressure corresponding to a vapor-liquid equilibrium below an atmospheric ambient temperature, and wherein heating the working fluid comprises providing refrigeration to an external source. 47. The method of claim 43, wherein the second pressure is one of a pressure corresponding to a vapor-liquid equilibrium above the atmospheric ambient temperature and a supercritical pressure, and wherein heating the working fluid comprises extracting heat from an external super-ambient temperature source. 48. The method of claim 43, wherein heating the working fluid comprises transferring heat from a water supply in a liquid phase to the working fluid, converting the water supply to a solid phase. 49. The method of claim 48, further comprising converting the water supply from a solid phase to a liquid phase by exchanging heat with an external source. 50. The method of claim 43, wherein extracting mechanical work by expanding the first portion of the heated working fluid to the third pressure comprises a plurality of expansion steps, each expansion step comprising the expansion of the first portion of the heated working fluid from a starting pressure to an ending pressure and the heating of the first portion of the heated working fluid until the first portion is substantially vapor. 51. The method of claim 43, wherein heating the working fluid comprises exchanging heat between the working fluid and the output fluid from the ejector. | A method for producing work is disclosed. The method includes increasing the pressure of a working fluid including carbon dioxide from a first pressure at least equal to a triple point pressure to a second pressure above the triple point pressure. The method also includes heating the working fluid, extracting mechanical work by expanding a first portion of the heated working fluid to a third pressure, supplying a second portion of the heated working fluid as a motive fluid to an ejector, increasing the pressure of the expanded working fluid by supplying the expanded working fluid to the ejector to combine with the motive fluid and form an output fluid at the fourth pressure, the fourth pressure at least equal to the triple point pressure of the working fluid. The method also includes refrigerating the output fluid to condense a vapor phase into a liquid phase.1. A method for producing work, comprising:
increasing the pressure of a working fluid with a pressurization device, from a first pressure at least equal to a triple point pressure of the working fluid to a second pressure above the triple point pressure of the working fluid and higher than the first pressure, the working fluid comprising carbon dioxide; heating the working fluid with a first heat exchanger until it is substantially one of a vapor and a supercritical fluid; extracting mechanical work by expanding a first portion of the heated working fluid to a third pressure below the triple point pressure of the working fluid; supplying a second portion of the heated working fluid as a motive fluid to a high-pressure motive inlet of an ejector; increasing the pressure of the expanded working fluid from the third pressure to a fourth pressure while decreasing the pressure of the motive fluid to the fourth pressure by supplying the expanded working fluid to a low-pressure inlet of the ejector to combine with the motive fluid to form an output fluid at the fourth pressure, the fourth pressure at least equal to the triple point pressure of the working fluid; and refrigerating the output fluid received from an outlet of the ejector to condense a vapor phase portion of the output fluid into a liquid phase by exchanging heat between the output fluid from the ejector and a carbon dioxide solid, converting at least a portion of the carbon dioxide solid to at least one of a liquid phase and a vapor phase having a storage pressure at least equal to a triple point pressure of carbon dioxide. 2. (canceled) 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the output fluid from the ejector is in direct fluid communication with the carbon dioxide solid. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising producing the carbon dioxide solid by extracting heat from at least one of a carbon dioxide liquid and a carbon dioxide vapor at a pressure at least equal to a triple point pressure of carbon dioxide, wherein the production of the carbon dioxide solid is asynchronous from the extraction of mechanical work. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein refrigerating the output fluid from the ejector is accomplished using a Stirling cooling cycle. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein a working fluid of the Stirling cooling cycle comprises carbon dioxide. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the working fluid of the Stirling cooling cycle is in direct fluid communication with the carbon dioxide solid. 8-33. (canceled) 34. A system for producing work, comprising:
a pressurization device communicatively coupled to a second heat exchanger and configured to pressurize a working fluid drawn from the second heat exchanger from a first pressure at least equal to a triple point pressure of the working fluid to a second pressure above the triple point pressure of the working fluid, the working fluid comprising carbon dioxide; a first heat exchanger in thermal contact with the working fluid pressurized by the pressurization device and configured to heat the working fluid until it is substantially one of a vapor and a supercritical fluid; an expansion device communicatively coupled to the pressurization device through the first heat exchanger to produce mechanical work by expanding a first portion of the heated working fluid from the second pressure to a third pressure below the triple point pressure of the working fluid; an ejector communicatively coupled to the expansion device through a low-pressure inlet of the ejector to receive the expanded working fluid at the third pressure, and also communicatively coupled to the pressurization device through a high-pressure motive inlet of the ejector to receive a second portion of the heated working fluid at the second pressure as a motive fluid, and further communicatively coupled to the second heat exchanger through an outlet of the ejector to provide an output fluid at a fourth pressure to the second heat exchanger, the fourth pressure at least equal to the triple point pressure of the working fluid and the output fluid comprising the first and second portions of the working fluid; wherein the second heat exchanger refrigerates the output fluid to condense a vapor phase portion of the output fluid into at least a liquid phase before being supplied to the pressurization device. 35. The system of claim 34, further comprising an insulated vessel comprising a carbon dioxide supply in at least a solid phase and a liquid phase, wherein the second heat exchanger refrigerates the output fluid by exchanging heat between the output fluid from the ejector and the carbon dioxide supply of the insulated vessel, converting at least a portion of the carbon dioxide solid to at least one of a liquid phase and a vapor phase having a storage pressure at least equal to the triple point pressure of carbon dioxide. 36. The system of claim 35, wherein output fluid of the ejector is in direct fluid communication with the carbon dioxide supply of the insulated vessel. 37. The system of claim 35, further comprising a heat engine thermally coupled to the insulated vessel and configured to extract work from the carbon dioxide supply. 38. The system of claim 37, wherein the heat engine and the second heat exchanger are the same device. 39-42. (canceled) 43. A method for producing work, comprising:
increasing the pressure of a working fluid with a pressurization device, from a first pressure at least equal to a triple point pressure of the working fluid to a second pressure above the triple point pressure of the working fluid and higher than the first pressure, the working fluid comprising carbon dioxide; heating the working fluid with a first heat exchanger until it is substantially one of a vapor and a supercritical fluid; extracting mechanical work by expanding a first portion of the heated working fluid to a third pressure below the triple point pressure of the working fluid; supplying a second portion of the heated working fluid as a motive fluid to a high-pressure motive inlet of an ejector; increasing the pressure of the expanded working fluid from the third pressure to a fourth pressure while decreasing the pressure of the motive fluid to the fourth pressure by supplying the expanded working fluid to a low-pressure inlet of the ejector to combine with the motive fluid to form an output fluid at the fourth pressure, the fourth pressure at least equal to the triple point pressure of the working fluid; and refrigerating the output fluid received from an outlet of the ejector to condense a vapor phase portion of the output fluid into a liquid phase. 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the pressurization device is a liquid pump. 45. The method of claim 43, wherein the second pressure is a pressure corresponding to a vapor-liquid equilibrium proximate an atmospheric ambient temperature, and wherein heating the working fluid is accomplished by an ambient source. 46. The method of claim 43, wherein the second pressure is a pressure corresponding to a vapor-liquid equilibrium below an atmospheric ambient temperature, and wherein heating the working fluid comprises providing refrigeration to an external source. 47. The method of claim 43, wherein the second pressure is one of a pressure corresponding to a vapor-liquid equilibrium above the atmospheric ambient temperature and a supercritical pressure, and wherein heating the working fluid comprises extracting heat from an external super-ambient temperature source. 48. The method of claim 43, wherein heating the working fluid comprises transferring heat from a water supply in a liquid phase to the working fluid, converting the water supply to a solid phase. 49. The method of claim 48, further comprising converting the water supply from a solid phase to a liquid phase by exchanging heat with an external source. 50. The method of claim 43, wherein extracting mechanical work by expanding the first portion of the heated working fluid to the third pressure comprises a plurality of expansion steps, each expansion step comprising the expansion of the first portion of the heated working fluid from a starting pressure to an ending pressure and the heating of the first portion of the heated working fluid until the first portion is substantially vapor. 51. The method of claim 43, wherein heating the working fluid comprises exchanging heat between the working fluid and the output fluid from the ejector. | 2,600 |
338,973 | 16,642,010 | 2,698 | This present invention relates to a polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal. The polymer comprises a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-responsive element represented by Formula (I). When the polymer is used as drug carrier for anticancer drug, it can have a long circulation time in the blood, and can realize a charge reversal from negatively charged or the neutral to positively charged around the tumor blood vessel region, so that the positively charged polymer effectively penetrates deep into the tumor tissue, fast entering into the tumor cells, and greatly improves the therapeutic effect of the drug on the tumor. This overcomes the problems of slow diffusion of traditional polymer drug carriers in tumors and weak interaction with tumor cells, and has great significance in the field of anticancer treatment in the medical field. | 1. A polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal, comprising a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element, a structure of the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element is represented by Formula (I): 2. A method for preparing the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal according to claim 1, comprising: the polymer is obtained by direct polymerization of a monomer containing the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element. 3. The method for preparing the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal according to claim 2, wherein the monomer containing the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element is composed of a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element moiety and a polymerizable functional group, wherein a structure of a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element is represented by Formula (II): 4. The method for preparing the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal according to claim 3, wherein the monomer containing the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element comprises an acrylamide-based monomer containing the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element, an acrylate-based monomer containing the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element, a methacrylamide-based monomer containing the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element, or a methacrylate-based monomer containing the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element. 5. A drug carrier prepared by the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal according to claim 1, comprising a structure represented by Formula (III) or Formula (IV): 6. A method for preparing the drug carrier prepared by the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal according to claim 5, comprising:
the drug carrier is synthesized by random copolymerization or block copolymerization between the monomer containing the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element and the monomer of the loaded drug. 7. The method for preparing the drug carrier prepared by the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal according to claim 6, wherein the loaded drug is an anticancer drug including doxorubicin, camphothecin, camphothecin derivatives, paclitaxel, platinum-based drugs, curcumin, irinotecan, methotrexate, sophocarpidine, salvianolic acid, or protein, polypeptides, DNA molecules, or RNA molecules. 8. The drug carrier prepared by the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal according to claim 5, wherein the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal is PGABEA-CPT, which having a structure represented by Formula (IIIa): 9. The drug carrier prepared by the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal according to claim 5, wherein the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal is PHEMASN38-PGABEMA, which having a structure represented by Formula (IVa), 10. Use of the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal according to claim 1 as a drug carrier in drug delivery field. | This present invention relates to a polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal. The polymer comprises a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-responsive element represented by Formula (I). When the polymer is used as drug carrier for anticancer drug, it can have a long circulation time in the blood, and can realize a charge reversal from negatively charged or the neutral to positively charged around the tumor blood vessel region, so that the positively charged polymer effectively penetrates deep into the tumor tissue, fast entering into the tumor cells, and greatly improves the therapeutic effect of the drug on the tumor. This overcomes the problems of slow diffusion of traditional polymer drug carriers in tumors and weak interaction with tumor cells, and has great significance in the field of anticancer treatment in the medical field.1. A polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal, comprising a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element, a structure of the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element is represented by Formula (I): 2. A method for preparing the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal according to claim 1, comprising: the polymer is obtained by direct polymerization of a monomer containing the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element. 3. The method for preparing the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal according to claim 2, wherein the monomer containing the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element is composed of a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element moiety and a polymerizable functional group, wherein a structure of a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element is represented by Formula (II): 4. The method for preparing the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal according to claim 3, wherein the monomer containing the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element comprises an acrylamide-based monomer containing the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element, an acrylate-based monomer containing the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element, a methacrylamide-based monomer containing the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element, or a methacrylate-based monomer containing the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element. 5. A drug carrier prepared by the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal according to claim 1, comprising a structure represented by Formula (III) or Formula (IV): 6. A method for preparing the drug carrier prepared by the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal according to claim 5, comprising:
the drug carrier is synthesized by random copolymerization or block copolymerization between the monomer containing the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase responsive element and the monomer of the loaded drug. 7. The method for preparing the drug carrier prepared by the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal according to claim 6, wherein the loaded drug is an anticancer drug including doxorubicin, camphothecin, camphothecin derivatives, paclitaxel, platinum-based drugs, curcumin, irinotecan, methotrexate, sophocarpidine, salvianolic acid, or protein, polypeptides, DNA molecules, or RNA molecules. 8. The drug carrier prepared by the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal according to claim 5, wherein the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal is PGABEA-CPT, which having a structure represented by Formula (IIIa): 9. The drug carrier prepared by the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal according to claim 5, wherein the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal is PHEMASN38-PGABEMA, which having a structure represented by Formula (IVa), 10. Use of the polymer of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzing hydrolysis-induced charge reversal according to claim 1 as a drug carrier in drug delivery field. | 2,600 |
338,974 | 16,642,014 | 2,698 | A flexible substrate, a flexible display panel, a flexible display device, a method for manufacturing a flexible substrate and a method for manufacturing a flexible display panel are disclosed. The flexible substrate includes a first part and a second part at a side surface of the first part which is perpendicular to a plane in which the first part extends. An elastic modulus of the first part is less than an elastic modulus of the second part, and holes are distributed in the flexible substrate. | 1. A flexible substrate comprising:
a first part; and a second part at a side surface of the first part which is perpendicular to a plane in which the first part extends, wherein an elastic modulus of the first part is less than an elastic modulus of the second part, and wherein holes are distributed in the flexible substrate. 2. The flexible substrate according to claim 1, wherein the second part comprises an elastic material, and the second part is attached to the first part. 3. The flexible substrate according to claim 1, wherein the second part is formed by doping an elastic material into a side end of a material layer, the side end is an end of the material layer close to a side surface of the material layer, which is perpendicular to a plane in which the material layer extends, and a portion of the material layer which is not doped forms the first part, wherein an elastic modulus of the elastic material is greater than the elastic modulus of the first part. 4. The flexible substrate according to claim 2, wherein the elastic material comprises a rubber material or a stainless steel material. 5. (canceled) 6. The flexible substrate according to claim 1, wherein the second part comprises a plurality of sub-parts located at different side surfaces of the first part respectively. 7. The flexible substrate according to claim 6, wherein the number of the sub-parts is two, and the two sub-parts are respectively located at opposite side surfaces of the first part. 8. The flexible substrate according to claim 6, wherein the number of the sub-parts is four, and the four sub-parts surround a periphery of the first part. 9. The flexible substrate according to claim 2, wherein the second part comprises a plurality of sections of film material, and the plurality of sections of film material are sequentially attached to one another and in turn to a side surface of the first part, elastic moduli of the sections of film material are different from the modulus of the first part, and the elastic moduli of the sections of film material are different from one another. 10. The flexible substrate according to claim 3, wherein a doping concentration of the elastic material doped in the second part gradually decreases in a direction from the second part to the first part. 11. A flexible display panel, comprising a flexible substrate, a display functional layer and at least one protective film layer, wherein:
the flexible substrate and/or the at least one protective film layer comprises a first region corresponding to a display region of the display functional layer and a second region corresponding to a non-display region of the display functional layer, an elastic modulus or elastic moduli of the first region of the flexible substrate and/or the at least one protective film layer is/are less than an elastic modulus or elastic moduli of the second region of the flexible substrate and/or the at least one protective film layer, and holes are distributed in the flexible substrate. 12. The flexible display panel according to claim 11, wherein the second region comprises an elastic material, and the second region is attached to the first region. 13. The flexible display panel according to claim 11, wherein the second region is formed by doping an elastic material into a side end of a material layer, the side end is an end of the material layer close to a side surface of the material layer, which is perpendicular to a plane in which the material layer extends, and a portion of the material layer which is not doped forms the first region, wherein an elastic modulus of the elastic material is greater than the elastic modulus of the first region. 14. The flexible display panel according to claim 12, wherein the at least one protective film layer comprises a back film located on a side of the flexible substrate away from the display functional layer and a cover plate located on a side of the display functional layer away from the flexible substrate. 15. The flexible display panel according to claim 14, wherein the elastic material comprises a rubber material or a stainless steel material. 16. The flexible display panel according to claim 15, wherein the flexible substrate, the back film and the cover plate each comprise a first region and a second region, and the second regions of the flexible substrate, the back film and the cover plate are made of different elastic materials. 17. A flexible display device, comprising the flexible display panel according to claim 11. 18. A method for manufacturing a flexible substrate, comprising:
attaching an elastic material to a side surface of a flexible substrate base, or doping an elastic material into a side end of the flexible substrate base, the side surface being perpendicular to a plane in which the flexible substrate base extends, wherein an elastic modulus of the flexible substrate base is less than an elastic modulus of the elastic material. 19. A method for manufacturing the flexible display panel according to claim 11, comprising:
forming a flexible substrate; forming a display functional layer on the flexible substrate; and forming at least one protective film layer, wherein the flexible substrate and/or the at least one protective film layer comprises a first region corresponding to a display region of the display functional layer and a second region corresponding to a non-display region of the display functional layer, wherein an elastic modulus or elastic moduli of the first regions of the flexible substrate and/or the at least one protective film layer are less than an elastic modulus or elastic moduli of the second regions of the flexible substrate and/or the at least one protective film layer, wherein holes are distributed in the flexible substrate. 20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising:
attaching an elastic material to a side surface of the first region to form the second region; or forming a material layer and doping an elastic material into a side end of the material layer to form the second region, the side end being an end of the material layer close to a side surface of the material layer, which is perpendicular to a plane of in which the material layer extends, a portion of the material layer which is not doped forming the first region. | A flexible substrate, a flexible display panel, a flexible display device, a method for manufacturing a flexible substrate and a method for manufacturing a flexible display panel are disclosed. The flexible substrate includes a first part and a second part at a side surface of the first part which is perpendicular to a plane in which the first part extends. An elastic modulus of the first part is less than an elastic modulus of the second part, and holes are distributed in the flexible substrate.1. A flexible substrate comprising:
a first part; and a second part at a side surface of the first part which is perpendicular to a plane in which the first part extends, wherein an elastic modulus of the first part is less than an elastic modulus of the second part, and wherein holes are distributed in the flexible substrate. 2. The flexible substrate according to claim 1, wherein the second part comprises an elastic material, and the second part is attached to the first part. 3. The flexible substrate according to claim 1, wherein the second part is formed by doping an elastic material into a side end of a material layer, the side end is an end of the material layer close to a side surface of the material layer, which is perpendicular to a plane in which the material layer extends, and a portion of the material layer which is not doped forms the first part, wherein an elastic modulus of the elastic material is greater than the elastic modulus of the first part. 4. The flexible substrate according to claim 2, wherein the elastic material comprises a rubber material or a stainless steel material. 5. (canceled) 6. The flexible substrate according to claim 1, wherein the second part comprises a plurality of sub-parts located at different side surfaces of the first part respectively. 7. The flexible substrate according to claim 6, wherein the number of the sub-parts is two, and the two sub-parts are respectively located at opposite side surfaces of the first part. 8. The flexible substrate according to claim 6, wherein the number of the sub-parts is four, and the four sub-parts surround a periphery of the first part. 9. The flexible substrate according to claim 2, wherein the second part comprises a plurality of sections of film material, and the plurality of sections of film material are sequentially attached to one another and in turn to a side surface of the first part, elastic moduli of the sections of film material are different from the modulus of the first part, and the elastic moduli of the sections of film material are different from one another. 10. The flexible substrate according to claim 3, wherein a doping concentration of the elastic material doped in the second part gradually decreases in a direction from the second part to the first part. 11. A flexible display panel, comprising a flexible substrate, a display functional layer and at least one protective film layer, wherein:
the flexible substrate and/or the at least one protective film layer comprises a first region corresponding to a display region of the display functional layer and a second region corresponding to a non-display region of the display functional layer, an elastic modulus or elastic moduli of the first region of the flexible substrate and/or the at least one protective film layer is/are less than an elastic modulus or elastic moduli of the second region of the flexible substrate and/or the at least one protective film layer, and holes are distributed in the flexible substrate. 12. The flexible display panel according to claim 11, wherein the second region comprises an elastic material, and the second region is attached to the first region. 13. The flexible display panel according to claim 11, wherein the second region is formed by doping an elastic material into a side end of a material layer, the side end is an end of the material layer close to a side surface of the material layer, which is perpendicular to a plane in which the material layer extends, and a portion of the material layer which is not doped forms the first region, wherein an elastic modulus of the elastic material is greater than the elastic modulus of the first region. 14. The flexible display panel according to claim 12, wherein the at least one protective film layer comprises a back film located on a side of the flexible substrate away from the display functional layer and a cover plate located on a side of the display functional layer away from the flexible substrate. 15. The flexible display panel according to claim 14, wherein the elastic material comprises a rubber material or a stainless steel material. 16. The flexible display panel according to claim 15, wherein the flexible substrate, the back film and the cover plate each comprise a first region and a second region, and the second regions of the flexible substrate, the back film and the cover plate are made of different elastic materials. 17. A flexible display device, comprising the flexible display panel according to claim 11. 18. A method for manufacturing a flexible substrate, comprising:
attaching an elastic material to a side surface of a flexible substrate base, or doping an elastic material into a side end of the flexible substrate base, the side surface being perpendicular to a plane in which the flexible substrate base extends, wherein an elastic modulus of the flexible substrate base is less than an elastic modulus of the elastic material. 19. A method for manufacturing the flexible display panel according to claim 11, comprising:
forming a flexible substrate; forming a display functional layer on the flexible substrate; and forming at least one protective film layer, wherein the flexible substrate and/or the at least one protective film layer comprises a first region corresponding to a display region of the display functional layer and a second region corresponding to a non-display region of the display functional layer, wherein an elastic modulus or elastic moduli of the first regions of the flexible substrate and/or the at least one protective film layer are less than an elastic modulus or elastic moduli of the second regions of the flexible substrate and/or the at least one protective film layer, wherein holes are distributed in the flexible substrate. 20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising:
attaching an elastic material to a side surface of the first region to form the second region; or forming a material layer and doping an elastic material into a side end of the material layer to form the second region, the side end being an end of the material layer close to a side surface of the material layer, which is perpendicular to a plane of in which the material layer extends, a portion of the material layer which is not doped forming the first region. | 2,600 |
338,975 | 16,799,830 | 2,698 | An energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine comprises a conveying mechanism, a rewinding mechanism and a machine base, wherein the machine base is provided with a working platform, and the conveying mechanism and the rewinding mechanism are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the working platform; the lettering machine further comprise a lettering mechanism, the working platform is provided with at least one lettering mechanism, and each lettering mechanism is arranged on the working platform through a corresponding mounting base, wherein the conveying mechanism, the lettering mechanism and the rewinding mechanism are all electrically connected with a control system of the lettering machine. This equipment combines the X-axis moving assembly and the Z-axis moving assembly with the lettering assembly, the lettering assembly can move in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the lettering cutter engraves patterns on the material part. | 1. An energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine, which comprises a conveying mechanism, a rewinding mechanism and a machine base, wherein the machine base is provided with a working platform, and the conveying mechanism and the rewinding mechanism are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the working platform, is characterized in that the lettering machine further comprise a lettering mechanism, the working platform is provided with at least one lettering mechanism, and each lettering mechanism is arranged on the working platform through a corresponding mounting base, wherein the conveying mechanism, the lettering mechanism and the rewinding mechanism are all electrically connected with a control system of the lettering machine;
each lettering mechanism comprises a lettering assembly, an X-axis moving assembly and a Z-axis moving assembly, wherein the lettering assembly realizes the engraving of patterns, and the lettering assembly is arranged on the X-axis moving assembly and supported by the Z-axis moving assembly. 2. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the lettering assembly is arranged on the Z-axis moving assembly, the lettering assembly slides up and down on the Z-axis moving assembly, the Z-axis moving assembly is arranged on the X-axis moving assembly, and the Z-axis moving assembly and the lettering assembly slide together on the X-axis moving assembly. 3. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the mounting base and the X-axis moving assembly are fixedly connected, the mounting base is provided with a channel for conveying the material part, and the mounting base includes a first mounting portion and a second mounting portion, wherein the first mounting portion is connected to the second mounting portion at a certain angle to form an L-shaped structure, and a tool bit base adapted to the lettering assembly is provided on the second mounting portion. 4. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of the lettering mechanism is set to be one, and the lettering mechanism is fixedly provided on the working platform through the corresponding mounting base, or the lettering mechanism is slidably connected with the working platform through a sliding assembly. 5. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that when the number of the lettering mechanisms is set to be two or more, at least one lettering mechanism is fixed on the working platform, and at least one lettering mechanism is slidably connected with the working platform through a sliding assembly, and each lettering mechanisms is arranged side by side in the Y-axis direction. 6. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that when the number of the lettering mechanisms is set to be two or more, the lettering mechanisms are all movably arranged on the working platform through a sliding assembly, and each lettering mechanism is arranged side by side in the Y-axis direction. 7. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that when the number of the lettering mechanisms is set to be two or more, the lettering mechanisms are fixedly arranged on the working platform, and each lettering mechanism is arranged side by side in the Y-axis direction. 8. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the sliding assembly is arranged on the working platform, the sliding assembly is electrically connected with the control system, and the sliding assembly comprises a sliding base and a first driving unit, wherein the sliding base is connected with the first driving unit, and the sliding base is fixedly connected with the mounting base. 9. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the first driving unit comprises a first screw rod and a first motor, the bottom of the sliding base is provided with a nut connecting seat which is sleeved on the first screw rod, and the first screw rod is connected with the first motor. 10. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the X-axis moving assembly is a linear motor which comprises a motor body and a rotor seat sliding on the motor body, and the rotor seat is fixedly connected with the Z-axis moving assembly. 11. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the X-axis moving assembly comprises a first base, a second driving unit and a first sliding plate, wherein the second driving unit and the first sliding plate are both arranged on the first base, the first base is fixedly connected with the mounting base, the first base is provided with a first sliding rail for the first sliding plate to slide, the first sliding plate is fixedly connected with the Z-axis moving assembly, and the first sliding plate is connected with the second driving unit. 12. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 11, characterized in that the shortest edge of the first sliding plate is vertically arranged on the mounting base, the second driving unit comprises a second motor and a second screw rod, the second motor is connected with the second screw rod, and the second screw rod is slidably connected with the first sliding plate. 13. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the Z-axis moving assembly comprises a second base, a third motor and a third screw rod, wherein the third motor and the third screw rod are arranged on the second base, the second base is provided with a second sliding rail, the third screw rod and the second sliding rail are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction, the third screw rod and the third motor are connected, the second base is fixedly connected with the X-axis assembly, and the third screw rod and the second sliding rail are slidably connected with the lettering assembly. 14. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the second base is provided with a plurality of lifting buffer springs, one end of each lifting buffer spring is fixedly connected with the second base, and the other end of each lifting buffer spring is fixedly connected with the lettering assembly. 15. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 14, characterized in that the second base is further provided with a color mark sensor, and the color mark sensor is electrically connected with the control system. 16. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the lettering assembly comprises a third base and one or more tool aprons, wherein the third base is slidably connected with the Z-axis moving assembly, the tool apron is arranged on the third base, the tool apron is provided with a cutting tool which is corresponding to the tool bit base on the mounting base. 17. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 16, characterized in that the third base is provided with a third sliding rail which is horizontally arranged along the X-axis direction, when the third base is provided with two or more tool aprons, at least one tool apron is arranged on the third sliding rail, and each tool apron arranged on the third sliding rail is connected with a fourth screw rod and a fourth motor which correspond to the tool apron. 18. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the conveying mechanism comprises a paper feeding assembly and paper pulling assemblies, wherein the paper feeding assembly is arranged on the left side of the working platform, both ends of the working platform are provided with the paper pulling assembly, the paper feeding assembly conveys the material part to the paper pulling assemblies after unwinding the material part, the paper pulling assemblies convey the material part to the working platform and convey the lettered material part to the rewinding mechanism. 19. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 18, characterized in that the paper feeding assembly comprises a paper feeding base, a material feeding shaft and a paper pulling roller, wherein the material feeding shaft and the paper pulling roller are both arranged on the paper feeding base, and the material feeding shaft and the paper pulling roller are sequentially arranged to form a paper feeding path through which a material part passes. 20. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 19, characterized in that the paper feeding base is further provided with a deviation rectifying assembly which is arranged between the material feeding shaft and the paper pulling roller, and the deviation rectifying assembly includes a deviation rectifying base, a paper guiding frame, a deviation rectifying motor and a deviation electric eye, wherein the deviation rectifying base is fixed on the paper feeding base, the deviation rectifying motor and the deviation electric eye are both fixed on the deviation rectifying base, the paper guiding frame is connected with the deviation rectifying motor, the deviation electric eye senses the deviation signal of the material part, and the deviation electric eye and the deviation rectifying motor are both electrically connected with the control system. 21. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 18, characterized in that the paper pulling assembly includes a paper pulling side plate, a main paper pulling roller and two paper pulling compression roller units, wherein the main paper pulling roller and the paper pulling compression roller units are all fixed on the working platform through the paper pulling side plate, and the paper pulling compression roller units are movably connected with the main paper pulling roller. 22. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 21, characterized in that the paper pulling compression roller unit includes a paper compression roller, paper compression sliders, cylinders and cylinder clamping blocks, wherein both ends of the paper compression roller are provided with the paper compression slider, the cylinder and the cylinder clamping block, the paper pulling side plate is provided with a supporting groove adapted to the paper compression slider, the paper compression sliders are slidably connected with the paper pulling side plate, the cylinders are fixedly connected with the cylinder clamping blocks, the cylinder clamping blocks are fixed at the two ends of the paper compression roller, and the peripheral surface of the paper compression roller is tightly attached to the peripheral surface of the main paper pulling roller and forms the conveying path of the material part. 23. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 18, characterized in that the conveying mechanism further comprises a tension bellows used for tensioning the material part, wherein the tension bellows is electrically connected with the control system, and the tension bellows is arranged between the paper feeding assembly and the paper pulling assembly and/or between the paper pulling assembly and the rewinding mechanism. 24. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 23, characterized in that the tension bellows comprises a fan and a bellows body, wherein the bottom of the bellows body is provided with a wind gap, the fan is communicated with the bellows body through the wind gap, the opening of the bellows body faces upwards and both the left and right sides at the top are provided with a bellows paper guiding roller that is used for the material part to pass into and out of the bellows body, and the bellows body is provided with a height sensor that is used for sensing to the height of the material part. 25. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 24, characterized in that the bellows paper guiding roller on each side is sleeved with two bellows sliding plates, the material part passes through the bellows paper guiding roller and is limited between the bellows sliding plates on each side, the bellows sliding plates are slidably connected with the bellows paper guiding roller, and each bellows sliding plate is provided with corresponding fastening bolts. 26. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 18, characterized in that the conveying mechanism further comprises a paper feeding mechanism for tightening the material part, the paper feeding mechanism is electrically connected with the control system, and is arranged between the paper feeding assembly and the paper pulling assembly and/or between the paper pulling assembly and the rewinding mechanism. 27. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 26, characterized in that the paper feeding mechanism includes a front side plate, a rear side plate, a first paper guiding roller, a second paper guiding roller, a third paper guiding roller, first buffer sliding bases and a buffer driving assembly, wherein the first buffer sliding bases are connected to the buffer driving assembly, the first paper guiding roller and the second paper guiding roller are both fixed on the upper portions of the front side plate and the rear side plate, both the lower portion of the front side plate and the lower portion of the rear side plate are provided with the first buffer sliding base, the two ends of the third paper guiding roller are respectively slidably connected to the front side plate and the rear side plate through the first buffer sliding bases, and the first paper guiding roller, the third paper guiding roller and the second paper guiding roller sequentially form a conveying channel of the material part. 28. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 27, characterized in that the front side plate and the rear side plate are fixedly provided with at least one position sensor for sensing the positions of the first buffer sliding bases, and the position sensors are electrically connected to the control system. 29. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 27, characterized in that the buffer driving assembly includes a buffer motor, a first transmission shaft, a second transmission shaft, a synchronizing belt and synchronizing wheels, wherein both ends of the first transmission shaft and both ends of the second transmission shaft are provided with the synchronizing wheels, the buffer motor is connected with the first transmission shaft, the two ends of the first transmission shaft are respectively fixed in the upper portion of the front side plate and the upper portion of the rear side plate, the two ends of the second transmission shaft are respectively fixed in the lower portion of the front side plate and the lower portion of the rear side plate, the synchronizing wheel of the first transmission shaft and the synchronizing wheel of the second transmission shaft on the same side are connected through the synchronizing belt, and the first buffer sliding bases are fixedly connected with the synchronizing belt. 30. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 27, characterized in that the buffer driving assembly includes first extension springs, anti-collision blocks and first linear guiding rails, both the inner side of the front side plate and the inner side of the rear side plate are provided the first linear guiding rail, the first linear guiding rails are arranged in the vertical direction, the ends of the first linear guiding rails are provided the anti-collision blocks, one end of each first extension spring is fixedly arranged on one first buffer sliding base, the other end of the first extension spring is fixedly arranged on the front side plate or the rear side plate, and the first buffer sliding bases move up and down along the first linear guiding rails. 31. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 30, characterized in that each first buffer sliding base is further provided with a fourth paper guiding roller for strengthening the tension of the material part and increasing the paper feeding length, wherein the fourth paper guiding roller and the third paper guiding roller are on the same horizontal line, and the upper portion of the front side plate and the upper portion of the rear side plate are further provided with a fifth paper guiding roller, and the first paper guiding roller, the third paper guiding roller, the second paper guiding roller, the fourth paper guiding roller and the fifth paper guiding roller are sequentially arranged to form a paper feeding path through which the material part passes. 32. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 30, characterized in that the paper feeding mechanism further includes a buffer assembly which is fixed on the top of the front side plate and the top of the rear side plate, the buffer assembly includes buffer sliders, a buffer sliding unit and a buffer paper guiding roller, both ends of the buffer paper guiding roller are fixedly provided with the buffer slider, the buffer sliding unit is connected with the buffer sliders, and the buffer sliding unit drives the buffer paper guiding roller to move left and right through the buffer sliders. 33. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 32, characterized in that the buffer sliding unit comprises second linear guiding rails and a second extension spring, wherein the front side plate and the rear side plate are both provided with the second linear guiding rail, the second linear guiding rails are horizontally arranged along the Y-axis direction, the buffer sliders are arranged on the guiding rail sliders of the second linear guiding rails, one end of the second extension spring is fixedly connected with the buffer sliders, and the other end of the second extension spring is fixedly connected with the front side plate or the rear side plate. 34. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 32, characterized in that the buffer sliding unit comprises buffer guiding shafts, linear bearings and a buffer compression spring, wherein the front side plate and the rear side plate are both provided with the buffer guiding shaft, the buffer guiding shafts are horizontally arranged along the Y-axis direction, the buffer sliders are sleeved on the buffer guiding shafts through the linear bearings, one end of the buffer compression spring is fixedly connected with the buffer sliders, and the other end of the buffer compression spring is abutted against the front side plate or the rear side plate. 35. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rewinding mechanism includes a rewinding base, a stripping assembly, a waste collecting shaft, and a material collecting shaft, wherein the stripping assembly, the waste collecting shaft, and the material collecting shaft are all arranged on the rewinding base, the stripping assembly includes a first stripping roller and a second stripping roller, the second stripping roller is arranged above the first stripping roller, the peripheral surface of the second stripping roller is tightly attached to the peripheral surface of the first stripping roller, and the finished product is wound on the material collecting shaft and the waste product is wound on the waste collecting shaft after the material part passing through the stripping assembly. 36. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 35, characterized in that the rewinding base is provided with a paper cutting traction assembly which is arranged on the right side of the rewinding base, wherein the paper cutting traction assembly comprises a traction roller, a traction roller compression roller and a paper cutting assembly, the peripheral surface of the traction roller is tightly attached to the peripheral surface of the traction roller compression roller, and a material part conveying path is formed between the traction roller and the traction roller compression roller and used for conveying the material part into the paper cutting assembly. 37. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the sliding assembly is arranged on the working platform, the sliding assembly is electrically connected with the control system, and the sliding assembly comprises a sliding base and a first driving unit, wherein the sliding base is connected with the first driving unit, and the sliding base is fixedly connected with the mounting base. 38. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 37, characterized in that the first driving unit comprises a first screw rod and a first motor, the bottom of the sliding base is provided with a nut connecting seat which is sleeved on the first screw rod, and the first screw rod is connected with the first motor. 39. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the sliding assembly is arranged on the working platform, the sliding assembly is electrically connected with the control system, and the sliding assembly comprises a sliding base and a first driving unit, wherein the sliding base is connected with the first driving unit, and the sliding base is fixedly connected with the mounting base. 40. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 39, characterized in that the first driving unit comprises a first screw rod and a first motor, the bottom of the sliding base is provided with a nut connecting seat which is sleeved on the first screw rod, and the first screw rod is connected with the first motor. | An energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine comprises a conveying mechanism, a rewinding mechanism and a machine base, wherein the machine base is provided with a working platform, and the conveying mechanism and the rewinding mechanism are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the working platform; the lettering machine further comprise a lettering mechanism, the working platform is provided with at least one lettering mechanism, and each lettering mechanism is arranged on the working platform through a corresponding mounting base, wherein the conveying mechanism, the lettering mechanism and the rewinding mechanism are all electrically connected with a control system of the lettering machine. This equipment combines the X-axis moving assembly and the Z-axis moving assembly with the lettering assembly, the lettering assembly can move in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the lettering cutter engraves patterns on the material part.1. An energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine, which comprises a conveying mechanism, a rewinding mechanism and a machine base, wherein the machine base is provided with a working platform, and the conveying mechanism and the rewinding mechanism are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the working platform, is characterized in that the lettering machine further comprise a lettering mechanism, the working platform is provided with at least one lettering mechanism, and each lettering mechanism is arranged on the working platform through a corresponding mounting base, wherein the conveying mechanism, the lettering mechanism and the rewinding mechanism are all electrically connected with a control system of the lettering machine;
each lettering mechanism comprises a lettering assembly, an X-axis moving assembly and a Z-axis moving assembly, wherein the lettering assembly realizes the engraving of patterns, and the lettering assembly is arranged on the X-axis moving assembly and supported by the Z-axis moving assembly. 2. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the lettering assembly is arranged on the Z-axis moving assembly, the lettering assembly slides up and down on the Z-axis moving assembly, the Z-axis moving assembly is arranged on the X-axis moving assembly, and the Z-axis moving assembly and the lettering assembly slide together on the X-axis moving assembly. 3. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the mounting base and the X-axis moving assembly are fixedly connected, the mounting base is provided with a channel for conveying the material part, and the mounting base includes a first mounting portion and a second mounting portion, wherein the first mounting portion is connected to the second mounting portion at a certain angle to form an L-shaped structure, and a tool bit base adapted to the lettering assembly is provided on the second mounting portion. 4. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of the lettering mechanism is set to be one, and the lettering mechanism is fixedly provided on the working platform through the corresponding mounting base, or the lettering mechanism is slidably connected with the working platform through a sliding assembly. 5. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that when the number of the lettering mechanisms is set to be two or more, at least one lettering mechanism is fixed on the working platform, and at least one lettering mechanism is slidably connected with the working platform through a sliding assembly, and each lettering mechanisms is arranged side by side in the Y-axis direction. 6. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that when the number of the lettering mechanisms is set to be two or more, the lettering mechanisms are all movably arranged on the working platform through a sliding assembly, and each lettering mechanism is arranged side by side in the Y-axis direction. 7. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that when the number of the lettering mechanisms is set to be two or more, the lettering mechanisms are fixedly arranged on the working platform, and each lettering mechanism is arranged side by side in the Y-axis direction. 8. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the sliding assembly is arranged on the working platform, the sliding assembly is electrically connected with the control system, and the sliding assembly comprises a sliding base and a first driving unit, wherein the sliding base is connected with the first driving unit, and the sliding base is fixedly connected with the mounting base. 9. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the first driving unit comprises a first screw rod and a first motor, the bottom of the sliding base is provided with a nut connecting seat which is sleeved on the first screw rod, and the first screw rod is connected with the first motor. 10. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the X-axis moving assembly is a linear motor which comprises a motor body and a rotor seat sliding on the motor body, and the rotor seat is fixedly connected with the Z-axis moving assembly. 11. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the X-axis moving assembly comprises a first base, a second driving unit and a first sliding plate, wherein the second driving unit and the first sliding plate are both arranged on the first base, the first base is fixedly connected with the mounting base, the first base is provided with a first sliding rail for the first sliding plate to slide, the first sliding plate is fixedly connected with the Z-axis moving assembly, and the first sliding plate is connected with the second driving unit. 12. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 11, characterized in that the shortest edge of the first sliding plate is vertically arranged on the mounting base, the second driving unit comprises a second motor and a second screw rod, the second motor is connected with the second screw rod, and the second screw rod is slidably connected with the first sliding plate. 13. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the Z-axis moving assembly comprises a second base, a third motor and a third screw rod, wherein the third motor and the third screw rod are arranged on the second base, the second base is provided with a second sliding rail, the third screw rod and the second sliding rail are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction, the third screw rod and the third motor are connected, the second base is fixedly connected with the X-axis assembly, and the third screw rod and the second sliding rail are slidably connected with the lettering assembly. 14. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the second base is provided with a plurality of lifting buffer springs, one end of each lifting buffer spring is fixedly connected with the second base, and the other end of each lifting buffer spring is fixedly connected with the lettering assembly. 15. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 14, characterized in that the second base is further provided with a color mark sensor, and the color mark sensor is electrically connected with the control system. 16. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the lettering assembly comprises a third base and one or more tool aprons, wherein the third base is slidably connected with the Z-axis moving assembly, the tool apron is arranged on the third base, the tool apron is provided with a cutting tool which is corresponding to the tool bit base on the mounting base. 17. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 16, characterized in that the third base is provided with a third sliding rail which is horizontally arranged along the X-axis direction, when the third base is provided with two or more tool aprons, at least one tool apron is arranged on the third sliding rail, and each tool apron arranged on the third sliding rail is connected with a fourth screw rod and a fourth motor which correspond to the tool apron. 18. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the conveying mechanism comprises a paper feeding assembly and paper pulling assemblies, wherein the paper feeding assembly is arranged on the left side of the working platform, both ends of the working platform are provided with the paper pulling assembly, the paper feeding assembly conveys the material part to the paper pulling assemblies after unwinding the material part, the paper pulling assemblies convey the material part to the working platform and convey the lettered material part to the rewinding mechanism. 19. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 18, characterized in that the paper feeding assembly comprises a paper feeding base, a material feeding shaft and a paper pulling roller, wherein the material feeding shaft and the paper pulling roller are both arranged on the paper feeding base, and the material feeding shaft and the paper pulling roller are sequentially arranged to form a paper feeding path through which a material part passes. 20. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 19, characterized in that the paper feeding base is further provided with a deviation rectifying assembly which is arranged between the material feeding shaft and the paper pulling roller, and the deviation rectifying assembly includes a deviation rectifying base, a paper guiding frame, a deviation rectifying motor and a deviation electric eye, wherein the deviation rectifying base is fixed on the paper feeding base, the deviation rectifying motor and the deviation electric eye are both fixed on the deviation rectifying base, the paper guiding frame is connected with the deviation rectifying motor, the deviation electric eye senses the deviation signal of the material part, and the deviation electric eye and the deviation rectifying motor are both electrically connected with the control system. 21. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 18, characterized in that the paper pulling assembly includes a paper pulling side plate, a main paper pulling roller and two paper pulling compression roller units, wherein the main paper pulling roller and the paper pulling compression roller units are all fixed on the working platform through the paper pulling side plate, and the paper pulling compression roller units are movably connected with the main paper pulling roller. 22. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 21, characterized in that the paper pulling compression roller unit includes a paper compression roller, paper compression sliders, cylinders and cylinder clamping blocks, wherein both ends of the paper compression roller are provided with the paper compression slider, the cylinder and the cylinder clamping block, the paper pulling side plate is provided with a supporting groove adapted to the paper compression slider, the paper compression sliders are slidably connected with the paper pulling side plate, the cylinders are fixedly connected with the cylinder clamping blocks, the cylinder clamping blocks are fixed at the two ends of the paper compression roller, and the peripheral surface of the paper compression roller is tightly attached to the peripheral surface of the main paper pulling roller and forms the conveying path of the material part. 23. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 18, characterized in that the conveying mechanism further comprises a tension bellows used for tensioning the material part, wherein the tension bellows is electrically connected with the control system, and the tension bellows is arranged between the paper feeding assembly and the paper pulling assembly and/or between the paper pulling assembly and the rewinding mechanism. 24. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 23, characterized in that the tension bellows comprises a fan and a bellows body, wherein the bottom of the bellows body is provided with a wind gap, the fan is communicated with the bellows body through the wind gap, the opening of the bellows body faces upwards and both the left and right sides at the top are provided with a bellows paper guiding roller that is used for the material part to pass into and out of the bellows body, and the bellows body is provided with a height sensor that is used for sensing to the height of the material part. 25. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 24, characterized in that the bellows paper guiding roller on each side is sleeved with two bellows sliding plates, the material part passes through the bellows paper guiding roller and is limited between the bellows sliding plates on each side, the bellows sliding plates are slidably connected with the bellows paper guiding roller, and each bellows sliding plate is provided with corresponding fastening bolts. 26. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 18, characterized in that the conveying mechanism further comprises a paper feeding mechanism for tightening the material part, the paper feeding mechanism is electrically connected with the control system, and is arranged between the paper feeding assembly and the paper pulling assembly and/or between the paper pulling assembly and the rewinding mechanism. 27. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 26, characterized in that the paper feeding mechanism includes a front side plate, a rear side plate, a first paper guiding roller, a second paper guiding roller, a third paper guiding roller, first buffer sliding bases and a buffer driving assembly, wherein the first buffer sliding bases are connected to the buffer driving assembly, the first paper guiding roller and the second paper guiding roller are both fixed on the upper portions of the front side plate and the rear side plate, both the lower portion of the front side plate and the lower portion of the rear side plate are provided with the first buffer sliding base, the two ends of the third paper guiding roller are respectively slidably connected to the front side plate and the rear side plate through the first buffer sliding bases, and the first paper guiding roller, the third paper guiding roller and the second paper guiding roller sequentially form a conveying channel of the material part. 28. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 27, characterized in that the front side plate and the rear side plate are fixedly provided with at least one position sensor for sensing the positions of the first buffer sliding bases, and the position sensors are electrically connected to the control system. 29. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 27, characterized in that the buffer driving assembly includes a buffer motor, a first transmission shaft, a second transmission shaft, a synchronizing belt and synchronizing wheels, wherein both ends of the first transmission shaft and both ends of the second transmission shaft are provided with the synchronizing wheels, the buffer motor is connected with the first transmission shaft, the two ends of the first transmission shaft are respectively fixed in the upper portion of the front side plate and the upper portion of the rear side plate, the two ends of the second transmission shaft are respectively fixed in the lower portion of the front side plate and the lower portion of the rear side plate, the synchronizing wheel of the first transmission shaft and the synchronizing wheel of the second transmission shaft on the same side are connected through the synchronizing belt, and the first buffer sliding bases are fixedly connected with the synchronizing belt. 30. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 27, characterized in that the buffer driving assembly includes first extension springs, anti-collision blocks and first linear guiding rails, both the inner side of the front side plate and the inner side of the rear side plate are provided the first linear guiding rail, the first linear guiding rails are arranged in the vertical direction, the ends of the first linear guiding rails are provided the anti-collision blocks, one end of each first extension spring is fixedly arranged on one first buffer sliding base, the other end of the first extension spring is fixedly arranged on the front side plate or the rear side plate, and the first buffer sliding bases move up and down along the first linear guiding rails. 31. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 30, characterized in that each first buffer sliding base is further provided with a fourth paper guiding roller for strengthening the tension of the material part and increasing the paper feeding length, wherein the fourth paper guiding roller and the third paper guiding roller are on the same horizontal line, and the upper portion of the front side plate and the upper portion of the rear side plate are further provided with a fifth paper guiding roller, and the first paper guiding roller, the third paper guiding roller, the second paper guiding roller, the fourth paper guiding roller and the fifth paper guiding roller are sequentially arranged to form a paper feeding path through which the material part passes. 32. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 30, characterized in that the paper feeding mechanism further includes a buffer assembly which is fixed on the top of the front side plate and the top of the rear side plate, the buffer assembly includes buffer sliders, a buffer sliding unit and a buffer paper guiding roller, both ends of the buffer paper guiding roller are fixedly provided with the buffer slider, the buffer sliding unit is connected with the buffer sliders, and the buffer sliding unit drives the buffer paper guiding roller to move left and right through the buffer sliders. 33. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 32, characterized in that the buffer sliding unit comprises second linear guiding rails and a second extension spring, wherein the front side plate and the rear side plate are both provided with the second linear guiding rail, the second linear guiding rails are horizontally arranged along the Y-axis direction, the buffer sliders are arranged on the guiding rail sliders of the second linear guiding rails, one end of the second extension spring is fixedly connected with the buffer sliders, and the other end of the second extension spring is fixedly connected with the front side plate or the rear side plate. 34. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 32, characterized in that the buffer sliding unit comprises buffer guiding shafts, linear bearings and a buffer compression spring, wherein the front side plate and the rear side plate are both provided with the buffer guiding shaft, the buffer guiding shafts are horizontally arranged along the Y-axis direction, the buffer sliders are sleeved on the buffer guiding shafts through the linear bearings, one end of the buffer compression spring is fixedly connected with the buffer sliders, and the other end of the buffer compression spring is abutted against the front side plate or the rear side plate. 35. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rewinding mechanism includes a rewinding base, a stripping assembly, a waste collecting shaft, and a material collecting shaft, wherein the stripping assembly, the waste collecting shaft, and the material collecting shaft are all arranged on the rewinding base, the stripping assembly includes a first stripping roller and a second stripping roller, the second stripping roller is arranged above the first stripping roller, the peripheral surface of the second stripping roller is tightly attached to the peripheral surface of the first stripping roller, and the finished product is wound on the material collecting shaft and the waste product is wound on the waste collecting shaft after the material part passing through the stripping assembly. 36. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 35, characterized in that the rewinding base is provided with a paper cutting traction assembly which is arranged on the right side of the rewinding base, wherein the paper cutting traction assembly comprises a traction roller, a traction roller compression roller and a paper cutting assembly, the peripheral surface of the traction roller is tightly attached to the peripheral surface of the traction roller compression roller, and a material part conveying path is formed between the traction roller and the traction roller compression roller and used for conveying the material part into the paper cutting assembly. 37. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the sliding assembly is arranged on the working platform, the sliding assembly is electrically connected with the control system, and the sliding assembly comprises a sliding base and a first driving unit, wherein the sliding base is connected with the first driving unit, and the sliding base is fixedly connected with the mounting base. 38. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 37, characterized in that the first driving unit comprises a first screw rod and a first motor, the bottom of the sliding base is provided with a nut connecting seat which is sleeved on the first screw rod, and the first screw rod is connected with the first motor. 39. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the sliding assembly is arranged on the working platform, the sliding assembly is electrically connected with the control system, and the sliding assembly comprises a sliding base and a first driving unit, wherein the sliding base is connected with the first driving unit, and the sliding base is fixedly connected with the mounting base. 40. The energy-saving environment-friendly digital lettering machine according to claim 39, characterized in that the first driving unit comprises a first screw rod and a first motor, the bottom of the sliding base is provided with a nut connecting seat which is sleeved on the first screw rod, and the first screw rod is connected with the first motor. | 2,600 |
338,976 | 16,799,835 | 2,698 | The invention provides a light guide structure, adapted to be disposed under a baseplate of a keyboard module. The light guide structure includes: a light guide plate, a mask layer and a reflective layer. The light guide plate includes a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a first opening running through the first and second surfaces. The mask layer is located between the baseplate and the light guide plate, and includes a second opening corresponding to the first opening. The reflective layer includes a first part and a second part connected to each other, wherein the first part is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate, and the second part runs through the first opening and is disposed on a lower surface of the baseplate. The invention further provides a light-emitting keyboard device. | 1. A light guide structure, adapted to be disposed under a baseplate of a keyboard module, wherein the light guide structure comprises:
a light guide plate, comprising a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a first opening running through the first surface and the second surface; a mask layer, located between the baseplate and the light guide plate and comprising a second opening corresponding to the first opening; and a reflective layer, comprising a first part and a second part connected to each other, wherein the first part is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate, and the second part runs through the first opening to be disposed on a lower surface of the baseplate. 2. The light guide structure according to claim 1, wherein the second part of the reflective layer comprises a third opening corresponding to the second opening and the first opening, and the third opening is smaller than the second opening and the first opening. 3. The light guide structure according to claim 1, wherein the reflective layer is a ground metal layer. 4. The light guide structure according to claim 1, wherein the second opening is smaller than or equal to the first opening. 5. The light guide structure according to claim 1, wherein the second opening is larger than the first opening. 6. A light-emitting keyboard device, comprising:
a frame, comprising a fixing member; a light guide structure, disposed under the frame and comprising:
a light guide plate, comprising a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a first opening running through the first surface and the second surface;
a mask layer, located between the baseplate and the light guide plate and comprising a second opening corresponding to the first opening; and
a reflective layer, comprising a first part and a second part connected to each other, wherein the first part is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate, the second part runs through the first opening to be disposed on a lower surface of the baseplate, and the second part comprises a third opening;
a keyboard module, disposed in the frame, wherein the keyboard module comprises:
a baseplate, comprising a fourth opening;
a thin film circuit layer, disposed on the baseplate and comprising a fifth opening corresponding to the fourth opening; and
a plurality of keys, disposed on the thin film circuit layer; and
a light source, disposed on a light incident surface of the light guide plate, wherein the fixing member runs through the fifth opening, the fourth opening and the third opening, and an abutting portion of the fixing member abuts against a bottom surface of the second part. 7. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the third opening is smaller than the second opening and the first opening, and the third opening is larger than the fourth opening. 8. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the second part of the reflective layer is not glued on the lower surface of the baseplate. 9. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the fixing member is a hot melt pole, a screw, or two clamping hooks suitable for being combined or separated. 10. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein a periphery of the fourth opening is plate-shaped. 11. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the fixing member is flush with or does not exceed the first part of the reflective layer. 12. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the fixing member exceeds the first part of the reflective layer. 13. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein a light shield layer is disposed around the fourth opening on an upper surface of the baseplate. 14. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the reflective layer is a ground metal layer. 15. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the second opening is smaller than or equal to the first opening. 16. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the second opening is larger than the first opening. | The invention provides a light guide structure, adapted to be disposed under a baseplate of a keyboard module. The light guide structure includes: a light guide plate, a mask layer and a reflective layer. The light guide plate includes a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a first opening running through the first and second surfaces. The mask layer is located between the baseplate and the light guide plate, and includes a second opening corresponding to the first opening. The reflective layer includes a first part and a second part connected to each other, wherein the first part is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate, and the second part runs through the first opening and is disposed on a lower surface of the baseplate. The invention further provides a light-emitting keyboard device.1. A light guide structure, adapted to be disposed under a baseplate of a keyboard module, wherein the light guide structure comprises:
a light guide plate, comprising a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a first opening running through the first surface and the second surface; a mask layer, located between the baseplate and the light guide plate and comprising a second opening corresponding to the first opening; and a reflective layer, comprising a first part and a second part connected to each other, wherein the first part is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate, and the second part runs through the first opening to be disposed on a lower surface of the baseplate. 2. The light guide structure according to claim 1, wherein the second part of the reflective layer comprises a third opening corresponding to the second opening and the first opening, and the third opening is smaller than the second opening and the first opening. 3. The light guide structure according to claim 1, wherein the reflective layer is a ground metal layer. 4. The light guide structure according to claim 1, wherein the second opening is smaller than or equal to the first opening. 5. The light guide structure according to claim 1, wherein the second opening is larger than the first opening. 6. A light-emitting keyboard device, comprising:
a frame, comprising a fixing member; a light guide structure, disposed under the frame and comprising:
a light guide plate, comprising a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a first opening running through the first surface and the second surface;
a mask layer, located between the baseplate and the light guide plate and comprising a second opening corresponding to the first opening; and
a reflective layer, comprising a first part and a second part connected to each other, wherein the first part is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate, the second part runs through the first opening to be disposed on a lower surface of the baseplate, and the second part comprises a third opening;
a keyboard module, disposed in the frame, wherein the keyboard module comprises:
a baseplate, comprising a fourth opening;
a thin film circuit layer, disposed on the baseplate and comprising a fifth opening corresponding to the fourth opening; and
a plurality of keys, disposed on the thin film circuit layer; and
a light source, disposed on a light incident surface of the light guide plate, wherein the fixing member runs through the fifth opening, the fourth opening and the third opening, and an abutting portion of the fixing member abuts against a bottom surface of the second part. 7. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the third opening is smaller than the second opening and the first opening, and the third opening is larger than the fourth opening. 8. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the second part of the reflective layer is not glued on the lower surface of the baseplate. 9. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the fixing member is a hot melt pole, a screw, or two clamping hooks suitable for being combined or separated. 10. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein a periphery of the fourth opening is plate-shaped. 11. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the fixing member is flush with or does not exceed the first part of the reflective layer. 12. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the fixing member exceeds the first part of the reflective layer. 13. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein a light shield layer is disposed around the fourth opening on an upper surface of the baseplate. 14. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the reflective layer is a ground metal layer. 15. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the second opening is smaller than or equal to the first opening. 16. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the second opening is larger than the first opening. | 2,600 |
338,977 | 16,799,836 | 2,698 | The invention provides a light guide structure, adapted to be disposed under a baseplate of a keyboard module. The light guide structure includes: a light guide plate, a mask layer and a reflective layer. The light guide plate includes a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a first opening running through the first and second surfaces. The mask layer is located between the baseplate and the light guide plate, and includes a second opening corresponding to the first opening. The reflective layer includes a first part and a second part connected to each other, wherein the first part is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate, and the second part runs through the first opening and is disposed on a lower surface of the baseplate. The invention further provides a light-emitting keyboard device. | 1. A light guide structure, adapted to be disposed under a baseplate of a keyboard module, wherein the light guide structure comprises:
a light guide plate, comprising a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a first opening running through the first surface and the second surface; a mask layer, located between the baseplate and the light guide plate and comprising a second opening corresponding to the first opening; and a reflective layer, comprising a first part and a second part connected to each other, wherein the first part is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate, and the second part runs through the first opening to be disposed on a lower surface of the baseplate. 2. The light guide structure according to claim 1, wherein the second part of the reflective layer comprises a third opening corresponding to the second opening and the first opening, and the third opening is smaller than the second opening and the first opening. 3. The light guide structure according to claim 1, wherein the reflective layer is a ground metal layer. 4. The light guide structure according to claim 1, wherein the second opening is smaller than or equal to the first opening. 5. The light guide structure according to claim 1, wherein the second opening is larger than the first opening. 6. A light-emitting keyboard device, comprising:
a frame, comprising a fixing member; a light guide structure, disposed under the frame and comprising:
a light guide plate, comprising a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a first opening running through the first surface and the second surface;
a mask layer, located between the baseplate and the light guide plate and comprising a second opening corresponding to the first opening; and
a reflective layer, comprising a first part and a second part connected to each other, wherein the first part is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate, the second part runs through the first opening to be disposed on a lower surface of the baseplate, and the second part comprises a third opening;
a keyboard module, disposed in the frame, wherein the keyboard module comprises:
a baseplate, comprising a fourth opening;
a thin film circuit layer, disposed on the baseplate and comprising a fifth opening corresponding to the fourth opening; and
a plurality of keys, disposed on the thin film circuit layer; and
a light source, disposed on a light incident surface of the light guide plate, wherein the fixing member runs through the fifth opening, the fourth opening and the third opening, and an abutting portion of the fixing member abuts against a bottom surface of the second part. 7. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the third opening is smaller than the second opening and the first opening, and the third opening is larger than the fourth opening. 8. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the second part of the reflective layer is not glued on the lower surface of the baseplate. 9. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the fixing member is a hot melt pole, a screw, or two clamping hooks suitable for being combined or separated. 10. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein a periphery of the fourth opening is plate-shaped. 11. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the fixing member is flush with or does not exceed the first part of the reflective layer. 12. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the fixing member exceeds the first part of the reflective layer. 13. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein a light shield layer is disposed around the fourth opening on an upper surface of the baseplate. 14. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the reflective layer is a ground metal layer. 15. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the second opening is smaller than or equal to the first opening. 16. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the second opening is larger than the first opening. | The invention provides a light guide structure, adapted to be disposed under a baseplate of a keyboard module. The light guide structure includes: a light guide plate, a mask layer and a reflective layer. The light guide plate includes a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a first opening running through the first and second surfaces. The mask layer is located between the baseplate and the light guide plate, and includes a second opening corresponding to the first opening. The reflective layer includes a first part and a second part connected to each other, wherein the first part is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate, and the second part runs through the first opening and is disposed on a lower surface of the baseplate. The invention further provides a light-emitting keyboard device.1. A light guide structure, adapted to be disposed under a baseplate of a keyboard module, wherein the light guide structure comprises:
a light guide plate, comprising a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a first opening running through the first surface and the second surface; a mask layer, located between the baseplate and the light guide plate and comprising a second opening corresponding to the first opening; and a reflective layer, comprising a first part and a second part connected to each other, wherein the first part is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate, and the second part runs through the first opening to be disposed on a lower surface of the baseplate. 2. The light guide structure according to claim 1, wherein the second part of the reflective layer comprises a third opening corresponding to the second opening and the first opening, and the third opening is smaller than the second opening and the first opening. 3. The light guide structure according to claim 1, wherein the reflective layer is a ground metal layer. 4. The light guide structure according to claim 1, wherein the second opening is smaller than or equal to the first opening. 5. The light guide structure according to claim 1, wherein the second opening is larger than the first opening. 6. A light-emitting keyboard device, comprising:
a frame, comprising a fixing member; a light guide structure, disposed under the frame and comprising:
a light guide plate, comprising a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a first opening running through the first surface and the second surface;
a mask layer, located between the baseplate and the light guide plate and comprising a second opening corresponding to the first opening; and
a reflective layer, comprising a first part and a second part connected to each other, wherein the first part is disposed on the second surface of the light guide plate, the second part runs through the first opening to be disposed on a lower surface of the baseplate, and the second part comprises a third opening;
a keyboard module, disposed in the frame, wherein the keyboard module comprises:
a baseplate, comprising a fourth opening;
a thin film circuit layer, disposed on the baseplate and comprising a fifth opening corresponding to the fourth opening; and
a plurality of keys, disposed on the thin film circuit layer; and
a light source, disposed on a light incident surface of the light guide plate, wherein the fixing member runs through the fifth opening, the fourth opening and the third opening, and an abutting portion of the fixing member abuts against a bottom surface of the second part. 7. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the third opening is smaller than the second opening and the first opening, and the third opening is larger than the fourth opening. 8. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the second part of the reflective layer is not glued on the lower surface of the baseplate. 9. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the fixing member is a hot melt pole, a screw, or two clamping hooks suitable for being combined or separated. 10. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein a periphery of the fourth opening is plate-shaped. 11. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the fixing member is flush with or does not exceed the first part of the reflective layer. 12. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the fixing member exceeds the first part of the reflective layer. 13. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein a light shield layer is disposed around the fourth opening on an upper surface of the baseplate. 14. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the reflective layer is a ground metal layer. 15. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the second opening is smaller than or equal to the first opening. 16. The light-emitting keyboard device according to claim 6, wherein the second opening is larger than the first opening. | 2,600 |
338,978 | 16,642,015 | 2,698 | A central locking apparatus for a folding tent includes a top plate, a bottom plate assembly, and a center rod disposed between the top plate and the bottom plate assembly. The bottom plate assembly includes a bottom plate, a wrench assembly rotatably connected to the bottom plate, and a limit sleeve slidably connected in the bottom plate. The wrench assembly abuts on the limit sleeve, and the wrench assembly is capable of driving the limit sleeve to slide. A limiting component is disposed at a lower end of the center rod, the limiting component may be built into the bottom plate to fit the limit sleeve in a locking manner, and a first elastic element is disposed between the limit sleeve and the bottom plate through fitting. | 1. A central locking apparatus for a folding tent, the central locking apparatus comprising a top plate, a bottom plate assembly, and a center rod disposed between the top plate and the bottom plate assembly, wherein the bottom plate assembly comprises a bottom plate, a wrench assembly rotatably connected to the bottom plate, and a limit sleeve slidably connected in the bottom plate, the wrench assembly abuts on the limit sleeve, the wrench assembly is capable of driving the limit sleeve to slide, a limiting component is disposed at a lower end of the center rod, the limiting component may be built into the bottom plateto fit the limit sleeve in a locking manner, and a first elastic element is fittingly disposed between the limit sleeve and the bottom plate. 2. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 1, wherein the wrench assembly comprises a wrench, the wrench comprises a wrench operation portion and a wrench execution portion that are fixedly connected, the wrench operation portion is located on a groove on an outer side of a bottom portion of the bottom plate, and the wrench execution portion is located in the bottom plate and abuts on the limit sleeve. 3. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 1, wherein the wrench assembly comprises a wrench, a first lower sliding block, and a first upper sliding block, the wrench (6) is located on a groove on an outer side of a bottom portion of the bottom plate, the first lower sliding block is connected to the bottom plate in a manner of sliding up and down, the first upper sliding block is located at an upper end of the first lower sliding block and abuts on the upper end, the first upper sliding block abuts on the limit sleeve, the first upper sliding block is connected to the bottom plate in a manner of sliding left and right, and when the first lower sliding block slides upwards, the first lower sliding block is capable of pushing the first upper sliding block to slide towards the limit sleeve. 4. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 3, wherein one end of the wrench, abutting on the first lower sliding block, is a cam structure. 5. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 3, wherein a lower end of the first upper sliding block has a first lower slope surface, the first lower slope surface tilts towards one side of the limit sleeve, a lower end of the first lower sliding block has a first upper slope surface whose shape matches a shape of the first lower slope surface, and the first upper slope surface abuts on the first lower slope surface. 6. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 1, wherein the limiting component is a clamping boss, the clamping boss is located at the lower end of the center rod, and the clamping boss and an end portion of a rod body of the center rod form a platform structure. 7. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 6, wherein the rod body of the center rod partially or completely extends downwards from an end of the clamping boss to form a truncated cone-shaped structure, and a surface of a smaller end of the truncated cone-shaped structure faces downwards. 8. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 1, wherein a clamping tongue is disposed on an inner side of the limit sleeve, the limiting component is a bayonet, and the clamping tongue is inserted into the bayonet to implement locking and fitting. 9. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 1, wherein the bottom plate comprises a bottom plate upper portion and a bottom plate lower portion that are fixedly connected, an accommodation cavity is disposed between the bottom plate upper portion and the bottom plate lower portion, the bottom plate upper portion has a jack that communicates with the accommodation cavity, the jack is used to connect the center rod, and the limit sleeve is slidably connected in the accommodation cavity. 10. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 8, wherein the first elastic element is a first reset spring, the first reset spring is located between the limit sleeve and the bottom plate, and the first reset spring and the clamping tongue are further located on a same side of the limit sleeve. 11. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 1, wherein the wrench assembly is rotatably connected to the bottom plate by using a pin shaft, and a reset torsion spring is sleeved on the pin shaft. 12. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 8, wherein the center rod comprises a telescopic rod and a sleeve tube sleeved outside the telescopic rod, an upper end of the telescopic rod and an upper end of the sleeve tube are both fittingly connected to the top plate, the bayonet is disposed at a lower end of the telescopic rod, a lower end of the sleeve tube has a socket corresponding to the bayonet, and when the telescopic rod telescopes, the sleeve tube is inserted into the bottom plate and the limit sleeve, and the clamping tongue is inserted into the socket and the bayonet. 13. A central locking apparatus for a folding tent, the central locking apparatus comprising a top plate, a bottom plate assembly, and a center rod disposed between the top plate and the bottom plate assembly, wherein the bottom plate assembly comprises a bottom plate, a wrench, and a second upper sliding block, the wrench is rotatably connected to the bottom plate, the second upper sliding block is slidably connected in the bottom plate, a second elastic element is fittingly disposed between one side of the second upper sliding block and the bottom plate, a clamping tongue is disposed on another side of the second upper sliding block, the wrench is capable of driving the second upper sliding block to slide, a bayonet is disposed at a lower end of the center rod, the lower end of the center rod is inserted into the bottom plate, and the clamping tongue is inserted into the bayonet. 14. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 13, wherein a second lower sliding block is disposed between the wrench and the second upper sliding block, the second lower sliding block is capable of sliding up and down in the bottom plate, the second lower sliding block abuts on the second upper sliding block, and when the second lower sliding block (15) slides upwards, the second lower sliding block is capable of pushing the second upper sliding block to slide to the second elastic element. 15. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 14, wherein a lower end of the second upper sliding block has a second lower slope surface, a back of the second lower slope surface tilts towards one side of the clamping tongue, an upper end of the second lower sliding block has a second upper slope surface whose shape matches a shape of the second lower slope surface, and the second upper slope surface abuts on the second lower slope surface. 16. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 13, wherein one end of the wrench, abutting on the second lower sliding block, is set as a cam. 17. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 13, wherein the bottom plate comprises a bottom plate upper portion and a bottom plate lower portion that are fixedly connected, an accommodation cavity is disposed between the bottom plate upper portion and the bottom plate lower portion, the bottom plate upper portion has a jack that communicates with the accommodation cavity, the jack is used to connect the center rod, and the second upper sliding block is slidably connected in the accommodation cavity. 18. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 13, wherein the second elastic element is a second reset spring. 19. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 13, wherein the wrench (6) is rotatably connected to the bottom plate (2) by using a pin shaft (11), and a reset torsion spring (12) is sleeved on the pin shaft (11). 20. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 13, wherein the center rod comprises a telescopic rod and a sleeve tube sleeved outside the telescopic rod, an upper end of the telescopic rod and an upper end of the sleeve tube are both fittingly connected to the top plate, the bayonet is disposed at a lower end of the telescopic rod, a lower end of the sleeve tube (401) has a socket corresponding to the bayonet, and when the telescopic rod telescopes, the sleeve tube is inserted into the bottom plate and the limit sleeve, and the clamping tongue is inserted into the socket and the bayonet. | A central locking apparatus for a folding tent includes a top plate, a bottom plate assembly, and a center rod disposed between the top plate and the bottom plate assembly. The bottom plate assembly includes a bottom plate, a wrench assembly rotatably connected to the bottom plate, and a limit sleeve slidably connected in the bottom plate. The wrench assembly abuts on the limit sleeve, and the wrench assembly is capable of driving the limit sleeve to slide. A limiting component is disposed at a lower end of the center rod, the limiting component may be built into the bottom plate to fit the limit sleeve in a locking manner, and a first elastic element is disposed between the limit sleeve and the bottom plate through fitting.1. A central locking apparatus for a folding tent, the central locking apparatus comprising a top plate, a bottom plate assembly, and a center rod disposed between the top plate and the bottom plate assembly, wherein the bottom plate assembly comprises a bottom plate, a wrench assembly rotatably connected to the bottom plate, and a limit sleeve slidably connected in the bottom plate, the wrench assembly abuts on the limit sleeve, the wrench assembly is capable of driving the limit sleeve to slide, a limiting component is disposed at a lower end of the center rod, the limiting component may be built into the bottom plateto fit the limit sleeve in a locking manner, and a first elastic element is fittingly disposed between the limit sleeve and the bottom plate. 2. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 1, wherein the wrench assembly comprises a wrench, the wrench comprises a wrench operation portion and a wrench execution portion that are fixedly connected, the wrench operation portion is located on a groove on an outer side of a bottom portion of the bottom plate, and the wrench execution portion is located in the bottom plate and abuts on the limit sleeve. 3. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 1, wherein the wrench assembly comprises a wrench, a first lower sliding block, and a first upper sliding block, the wrench (6) is located on a groove on an outer side of a bottom portion of the bottom plate, the first lower sliding block is connected to the bottom plate in a manner of sliding up and down, the first upper sliding block is located at an upper end of the first lower sliding block and abuts on the upper end, the first upper sliding block abuts on the limit sleeve, the first upper sliding block is connected to the bottom plate in a manner of sliding left and right, and when the first lower sliding block slides upwards, the first lower sliding block is capable of pushing the first upper sliding block to slide towards the limit sleeve. 4. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 3, wherein one end of the wrench, abutting on the first lower sliding block, is a cam structure. 5. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 3, wherein a lower end of the first upper sliding block has a first lower slope surface, the first lower slope surface tilts towards one side of the limit sleeve, a lower end of the first lower sliding block has a first upper slope surface whose shape matches a shape of the first lower slope surface, and the first upper slope surface abuts on the first lower slope surface. 6. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 1, wherein the limiting component is a clamping boss, the clamping boss is located at the lower end of the center rod, and the clamping boss and an end portion of a rod body of the center rod form a platform structure. 7. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 6, wherein the rod body of the center rod partially or completely extends downwards from an end of the clamping boss to form a truncated cone-shaped structure, and a surface of a smaller end of the truncated cone-shaped structure faces downwards. 8. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 1, wherein a clamping tongue is disposed on an inner side of the limit sleeve, the limiting component is a bayonet, and the clamping tongue is inserted into the bayonet to implement locking and fitting. 9. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 1, wherein the bottom plate comprises a bottom plate upper portion and a bottom plate lower portion that are fixedly connected, an accommodation cavity is disposed between the bottom plate upper portion and the bottom plate lower portion, the bottom plate upper portion has a jack that communicates with the accommodation cavity, the jack is used to connect the center rod, and the limit sleeve is slidably connected in the accommodation cavity. 10. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 8, wherein the first elastic element is a first reset spring, the first reset spring is located between the limit sleeve and the bottom plate, and the first reset spring and the clamping tongue are further located on a same side of the limit sleeve. 11. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 1, wherein the wrench assembly is rotatably connected to the bottom plate by using a pin shaft, and a reset torsion spring is sleeved on the pin shaft. 12. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 8, wherein the center rod comprises a telescopic rod and a sleeve tube sleeved outside the telescopic rod, an upper end of the telescopic rod and an upper end of the sleeve tube are both fittingly connected to the top plate, the bayonet is disposed at a lower end of the telescopic rod, a lower end of the sleeve tube has a socket corresponding to the bayonet, and when the telescopic rod telescopes, the sleeve tube is inserted into the bottom plate and the limit sleeve, and the clamping tongue is inserted into the socket and the bayonet. 13. A central locking apparatus for a folding tent, the central locking apparatus comprising a top plate, a bottom plate assembly, and a center rod disposed between the top plate and the bottom plate assembly, wherein the bottom plate assembly comprises a bottom plate, a wrench, and a second upper sliding block, the wrench is rotatably connected to the bottom plate, the second upper sliding block is slidably connected in the bottom plate, a second elastic element is fittingly disposed between one side of the second upper sliding block and the bottom plate, a clamping tongue is disposed on another side of the second upper sliding block, the wrench is capable of driving the second upper sliding block to slide, a bayonet is disposed at a lower end of the center rod, the lower end of the center rod is inserted into the bottom plate, and the clamping tongue is inserted into the bayonet. 14. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 13, wherein a second lower sliding block is disposed between the wrench and the second upper sliding block, the second lower sliding block is capable of sliding up and down in the bottom plate, the second lower sliding block abuts on the second upper sliding block, and when the second lower sliding block (15) slides upwards, the second lower sliding block is capable of pushing the second upper sliding block to slide to the second elastic element. 15. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 14, wherein a lower end of the second upper sliding block has a second lower slope surface, a back of the second lower slope surface tilts towards one side of the clamping tongue, an upper end of the second lower sliding block has a second upper slope surface whose shape matches a shape of the second lower slope surface, and the second upper slope surface abuts on the second lower slope surface. 16. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 13, wherein one end of the wrench, abutting on the second lower sliding block, is set as a cam. 17. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 13, wherein the bottom plate comprises a bottom plate upper portion and a bottom plate lower portion that are fixedly connected, an accommodation cavity is disposed between the bottom plate upper portion and the bottom plate lower portion, the bottom plate upper portion has a jack that communicates with the accommodation cavity, the jack is used to connect the center rod, and the second upper sliding block is slidably connected in the accommodation cavity. 18. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 13, wherein the second elastic element is a second reset spring. 19. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 13, wherein the wrench (6) is rotatably connected to the bottom plate (2) by using a pin shaft (11), and a reset torsion spring (12) is sleeved on the pin shaft (11). 20. The central locking apparatus for the folding tent according to claim 13, wherein the center rod comprises a telescopic rod and a sleeve tube sleeved outside the telescopic rod, an upper end of the telescopic rod and an upper end of the sleeve tube are both fittingly connected to the top plate, the bayonet is disposed at a lower end of the telescopic rod, a lower end of the sleeve tube (401) has a socket corresponding to the bayonet, and when the telescopic rod telescopes, the sleeve tube is inserted into the bottom plate and the limit sleeve, and the clamping tongue is inserted into the socket and the bayonet. | 2,600 |
338,979 | 16,799,855 | 2,698 | Disclosed herein is a method for treating an inflammatory disease in a subject, including administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) coated gold nanocluster about 0.1 to 20 nm in diameter. Also disclosed is a method for reducing the expression of a pro-inflammatory molecule in a cultured cell, including contacting the cultured cell with the said DHLA coated gold nanocluster. Still disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition that includes the present DHLA coated gold nanocluster. The pharmaceutical composition is useful for treating the inflammatory disease in the subject. | 1. A method for treating an inflammatory disease in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) coated gold nanocluster about 0.1 to 20 nm in diameter, wherein,
the DHLA coated gold nanocluster consists of a gold nanocluster formed by a plurality of gold nanoparticles, and a plurality of DHLA coated on the gold nanocluster; and the administration of the DHLA coated gold nanocluster reduces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion protein-1 (VACM-1), P-selectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and/or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the subject. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the DHLA coated gold nanocluster is about 1 to 2 nm in diameter. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the inflammatory disease is any of a cardiovascular disease, an inflammatory bowel disease, organ transplant rejection, lupus, an autoimmune disorder, a radiation-induced injury, cancer, a burn, trauma, a rheumatic disorder, a renal disease, an allergic disease, an infectious disease, an ocular disease, a skin disease, a gastrointestinal disease, a hepatic disease, cerebral edema, sarcoidosis, thrombocytopenia, or a spinal cord injury. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the inflammatory disease is the cardiovascular disease. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the cardiovascular disease is angina pectoris, atheroma, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemic conditions, ischemic cardiomyopathy, patent ductus arteriosus, high blood pressure, pulmonary hypertension, peripheral artery disease, coronary artery disease, coronary artery spasm, or pericarditis. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a human. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering the subject an endocytosis inhibitor before, or concurrent with the administration of the DHLA coated gold nanocluster. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount of the DHLA coated gold nanocluster is about 1 to 15 nM per day. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the effective amount of the DHLA coated gold nanocluster is about 3 to 12 nM per day. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the effective amount of the DHLA coated gold nanocluster is about 6 to 10 nM per day. 11. A method for reducing the expression of a pro-inflammatory molecule in a cultured cell, comprising contacting the cultured cell with about 1 to 1,000 nM of a dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) coated gold nanocluster about 0.1 to 20 nm in diameter, wherein,
the DHLA coated gold nanocluster consists of a gold nanocluster formed by a plurality of gold nanoparticles, and a plurality of DHLA coated on the gold nanocluster; and the pro-inflammatory molecule is selected from the group consisting of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion protein-1 (VACM-1), P-selectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the DHLA coated gold nanocluster is about 1 to 2 nm in diameter. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the cultured cell is selected from the group consisting of human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC), human epithelial cell, human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAEC), and human endothelial progenitor cell (HEPC). 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising contacting the cultured cell with an endocytosis inhibitor before or concurrent with the contact of the DHLA coated gold nanocluster. | Disclosed herein is a method for treating an inflammatory disease in a subject, including administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) coated gold nanocluster about 0.1 to 20 nm in diameter. Also disclosed is a method for reducing the expression of a pro-inflammatory molecule in a cultured cell, including contacting the cultured cell with the said DHLA coated gold nanocluster. Still disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition that includes the present DHLA coated gold nanocluster. The pharmaceutical composition is useful for treating the inflammatory disease in the subject.1. A method for treating an inflammatory disease in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) coated gold nanocluster about 0.1 to 20 nm in diameter, wherein,
the DHLA coated gold nanocluster consists of a gold nanocluster formed by a plurality of gold nanoparticles, and a plurality of DHLA coated on the gold nanocluster; and the administration of the DHLA coated gold nanocluster reduces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion protein-1 (VACM-1), P-selectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and/or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the subject. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the DHLA coated gold nanocluster is about 1 to 2 nm in diameter. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the inflammatory disease is any of a cardiovascular disease, an inflammatory bowel disease, organ transplant rejection, lupus, an autoimmune disorder, a radiation-induced injury, cancer, a burn, trauma, a rheumatic disorder, a renal disease, an allergic disease, an infectious disease, an ocular disease, a skin disease, a gastrointestinal disease, a hepatic disease, cerebral edema, sarcoidosis, thrombocytopenia, or a spinal cord injury. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the inflammatory disease is the cardiovascular disease. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the cardiovascular disease is angina pectoris, atheroma, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemic conditions, ischemic cardiomyopathy, patent ductus arteriosus, high blood pressure, pulmonary hypertension, peripheral artery disease, coronary artery disease, coronary artery spasm, or pericarditis. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a human. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering the subject an endocytosis inhibitor before, or concurrent with the administration of the DHLA coated gold nanocluster. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount of the DHLA coated gold nanocluster is about 1 to 15 nM per day. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the effective amount of the DHLA coated gold nanocluster is about 3 to 12 nM per day. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the effective amount of the DHLA coated gold nanocluster is about 6 to 10 nM per day. 11. A method for reducing the expression of a pro-inflammatory molecule in a cultured cell, comprising contacting the cultured cell with about 1 to 1,000 nM of a dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) coated gold nanocluster about 0.1 to 20 nm in diameter, wherein,
the DHLA coated gold nanocluster consists of a gold nanocluster formed by a plurality of gold nanoparticles, and a plurality of DHLA coated on the gold nanocluster; and the pro-inflammatory molecule is selected from the group consisting of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion protein-1 (VACM-1), P-selectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the DHLA coated gold nanocluster is about 1 to 2 nm in diameter. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the cultured cell is selected from the group consisting of human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC), human epithelial cell, human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAEC), and human endothelial progenitor cell (HEPC). 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising contacting the cultured cell with an endocytosis inhibitor before or concurrent with the contact of the DHLA coated gold nanocluster. | 2,600 |
338,980 | 16,799,860 | 2,818 | A semiconductor includes a semiconductor substrate and pillar type capacitors. The semiconductor substrate includes first connecting pads and second connecting pads. The second connecting pads are disposed on the first connecting pads respectively, and the pillar type capacitors are disposed on the second connecting pads respectively. A first ends of the pillar type capacitors are connected to the second connecting pads respectively, and a second ends of the pillar type capacitors area at the opposite side of the first ends. The distance between the first end and the second end of each of the pillar type capacitors is from 1 micrometer to 1.8 micrometer. A manufacturing method is also provided. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate comprising:
a plurality of first connecting pads; and
a plurality of second connecting pads disposed on the first connecting pads respectively; and
a plurality of pillar type capacitors disposed on the second connecting pads respectively, wherein a first end of each of the pillar type capacitors is connected to one of the second connecting pads, and a second end of each of the pillar type capacitors is at opposite side of the first end, and the distance between the first end and the second end of each of the pillar type capacitors is from 1 micrometer to 1.8 micrometer. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein shape of each of the first connecting pads has square shape, and each of the second connecting pads has round shape. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein each of the pillar type capacitors is aligned with one of the second connecting pads. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein each of the pillar type capacitors is misaligned with one of the first connecting pads which electrically connected to the pillar type capacitors. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor substrate has a connecting surface, and the second connecting pads are located at the connecting surface, and the second connecting pads are arranged in a hexagonal lattice manner. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein each of the first connecting pads has a square shape, and sides of the square shape are from 30 nanometer to 50 nanometer. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein each of the second connecting pads has a round shape, and diameter of the round shape is from 20 nanometer to 25 nanometer. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor substrate further includes a plurality of vertical transistors connected to the first connecting pads respectively. 9. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device including:
providing a semiconductor substrate having a plurality of first connecting pads and a plurality of second connecting pads being disposed on the first connecting pads respectively; forming a plurality of insulating layers on the second connecting pads on the semiconductor substrate; etching the insulating layers and forming a plurality of vertical holes corresponded to the second connecting pads respectively, wherein power of the etching is from 900 W to 1100 W; and forming a pillar type capacitor in each of the vertical holes. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein step of etching the insulating layer further includes:
etching the insulating layers with air flow from 1 to 3 standard cubic centimeter per minutes. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of forming the insulating layers includes:
disposing a first nitride layer; disposing a first insulating filling layer; disposing a second nitride layer; disposing a second insulating filling layer; and disposing a third nitride layer. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first nitride layer has a first thickness, and the second nitride layer has a second thickness, and the third nitride layer has a third thickness, and the third thickness is larger than the first thickness, and the first thickness is larger than the second thickness. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein each of the first connecting pads has square shape, and each of the second connecting pads has round shape. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein each of the pillar type capacitors is aligned with one of the second connecting pads. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein each of the pillar type capacitors is misaligned with one of the first connecting pads which electrically connected to the pillar type capacitors. | A semiconductor includes a semiconductor substrate and pillar type capacitors. The semiconductor substrate includes first connecting pads and second connecting pads. The second connecting pads are disposed on the first connecting pads respectively, and the pillar type capacitors are disposed on the second connecting pads respectively. A first ends of the pillar type capacitors are connected to the second connecting pads respectively, and a second ends of the pillar type capacitors area at the opposite side of the first ends. The distance between the first end and the second end of each of the pillar type capacitors is from 1 micrometer to 1.8 micrometer. A manufacturing method is also provided.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate comprising:
a plurality of first connecting pads; and
a plurality of second connecting pads disposed on the first connecting pads respectively; and
a plurality of pillar type capacitors disposed on the second connecting pads respectively, wherein a first end of each of the pillar type capacitors is connected to one of the second connecting pads, and a second end of each of the pillar type capacitors is at opposite side of the first end, and the distance between the first end and the second end of each of the pillar type capacitors is from 1 micrometer to 1.8 micrometer. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein shape of each of the first connecting pads has square shape, and each of the second connecting pads has round shape. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein each of the pillar type capacitors is aligned with one of the second connecting pads. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein each of the pillar type capacitors is misaligned with one of the first connecting pads which electrically connected to the pillar type capacitors. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor substrate has a connecting surface, and the second connecting pads are located at the connecting surface, and the second connecting pads are arranged in a hexagonal lattice manner. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein each of the first connecting pads has a square shape, and sides of the square shape are from 30 nanometer to 50 nanometer. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein each of the second connecting pads has a round shape, and diameter of the round shape is from 20 nanometer to 25 nanometer. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor substrate further includes a plurality of vertical transistors connected to the first connecting pads respectively. 9. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device including:
providing a semiconductor substrate having a plurality of first connecting pads and a plurality of second connecting pads being disposed on the first connecting pads respectively; forming a plurality of insulating layers on the second connecting pads on the semiconductor substrate; etching the insulating layers and forming a plurality of vertical holes corresponded to the second connecting pads respectively, wherein power of the etching is from 900 W to 1100 W; and forming a pillar type capacitor in each of the vertical holes. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein step of etching the insulating layer further includes:
etching the insulating layers with air flow from 1 to 3 standard cubic centimeter per minutes. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of forming the insulating layers includes:
disposing a first nitride layer; disposing a first insulating filling layer; disposing a second nitride layer; disposing a second insulating filling layer; and disposing a third nitride layer. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first nitride layer has a first thickness, and the second nitride layer has a second thickness, and the third nitride layer has a third thickness, and the third thickness is larger than the first thickness, and the first thickness is larger than the second thickness. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein each of the first connecting pads has square shape, and each of the second connecting pads has round shape. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein each of the pillar type capacitors is aligned with one of the second connecting pads. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein each of the pillar type capacitors is misaligned with one of the first connecting pads which electrically connected to the pillar type capacitors. | 2,800 |
338,981 | 16,641,978 | 2,818 | This disclosure provides methods of a method of treating a retinal angiogenic in a subject comprising administering an effective amount of an Angio-3 peptide. | 1. A method of treating a retinal angiogenic disease in a subject comprising:
administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising a peptide having the sequence Thr Pro His Thr His Asn Arg Thr Pro Glu (SEQ ID NO:1), wherein the composition is administered to the subject orally, by intravenous injection, or by intravitreal injection and wherein administration treats the retinal angiogenic disease in the subject. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises 2 to 50 mg/kg Bwt of the peptide and is administered by intravenous injection. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises 0.1 μg/kg to 2 mg/kg Bwt of the peptide and is administered by intravitreal injection. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises 2 to 10 mg/kg Bwt of the peptide and is administered orally. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is administered via either intravenous (IV) or intravitreal (IVT) route at least once every 4 to 10 weeks. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is administered orally at least once daily for 1 to 2 weeks at intervals of 6 months. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein subject is not responsive to anti-VEGF therapy. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the anti-VEGF therapy is an anti-VEGF antibody. 9. The method of any claim 1, wherein the subject has age-related macular degeneration, retinopathy, or vascular occlusion. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject has diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, central retinal vein occlusion, branch retinal vein occlusion, or corneal neovascularization. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a human. 12. A method of treating a retinal angiogenic disease in a subject comprising:
(a) selecting a subject with retinal angiogenic disease not responsive to anti-VEGF therapy; and (b) administering to the subject a composition comprising a peptide having the sequence SEQ ID NO:1 wherein administration treats the retinal angiogenic disease in the subject. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the composition is formulated for intravenous administration. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the composition is formulated for intravitreal injection. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the composition is formulated for oral administration. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the subject has age-related macular degeneration, retinopathy, or vascular occlusion. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the subject has diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, central retinal vein occlusion, branch retinal vein occlusion, or corneal neovascularization. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the subject is not responsive to anti-angiogenesis therapy. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the anti-angiogenesis therapy is an anti-VEGF therapy. 20. The method of any one of claim 19, wherein the anti-VEGF therapy is an anti-VEGF antibody. 21. The method of claim 12, wherein the subject is a human. 22. A method of treating a retinal angiogenic disease in a subject comprising:
administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising a peptide N having the sequence Thr Pro His Thr His Asn Xaa Thr Pro Glu wherein Xaa is homoarginine (SEQ ID NO:3), wherein the composition is administered to the subject orally, by intravenous injection, or by intravitreal injection and wherein administration treats the retinal angiogenic disease in the subject. 23. A method of treating a retinal angiogenic disease in a subject comprising:
administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising a peptide Q having the sequence Thr Pro His Thr His Gln Xaa Thr Pro Glu wherein Xaa is homoarginine (SEQ ID NO:4), wherein the composition is administered to the subject orally, by intravenous injection, or by intravitreal injection and wherein administration treats the retinal angiogenic disease in the subject. 24. A method of manufacturing a composition of claim 1, wherein the peptides are synthesized by solid phase Fmoc chemistry. | This disclosure provides methods of a method of treating a retinal angiogenic in a subject comprising administering an effective amount of an Angio-3 peptide.1. A method of treating a retinal angiogenic disease in a subject comprising:
administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising a peptide having the sequence Thr Pro His Thr His Asn Arg Thr Pro Glu (SEQ ID NO:1), wherein the composition is administered to the subject orally, by intravenous injection, or by intravitreal injection and wherein administration treats the retinal angiogenic disease in the subject. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises 2 to 50 mg/kg Bwt of the peptide and is administered by intravenous injection. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises 0.1 μg/kg to 2 mg/kg Bwt of the peptide and is administered by intravitreal injection. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises 2 to 10 mg/kg Bwt of the peptide and is administered orally. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is administered via either intravenous (IV) or intravitreal (IVT) route at least once every 4 to 10 weeks. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is administered orally at least once daily for 1 to 2 weeks at intervals of 6 months. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein subject is not responsive to anti-VEGF therapy. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the anti-VEGF therapy is an anti-VEGF antibody. 9. The method of any claim 1, wherein the subject has age-related macular degeneration, retinopathy, or vascular occlusion. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject has diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, central retinal vein occlusion, branch retinal vein occlusion, or corneal neovascularization. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a human. 12. A method of treating a retinal angiogenic disease in a subject comprising:
(a) selecting a subject with retinal angiogenic disease not responsive to anti-VEGF therapy; and (b) administering to the subject a composition comprising a peptide having the sequence SEQ ID NO:1 wherein administration treats the retinal angiogenic disease in the subject. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the composition is formulated for intravenous administration. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the composition is formulated for intravitreal injection. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the composition is formulated for oral administration. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the subject has age-related macular degeneration, retinopathy, or vascular occlusion. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the subject has diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, central retinal vein occlusion, branch retinal vein occlusion, or corneal neovascularization. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the subject is not responsive to anti-angiogenesis therapy. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the anti-angiogenesis therapy is an anti-VEGF therapy. 20. The method of any one of claim 19, wherein the anti-VEGF therapy is an anti-VEGF antibody. 21. The method of claim 12, wherein the subject is a human. 22. A method of treating a retinal angiogenic disease in a subject comprising:
administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising a peptide N having the sequence Thr Pro His Thr His Asn Xaa Thr Pro Glu wherein Xaa is homoarginine (SEQ ID NO:3), wherein the composition is administered to the subject orally, by intravenous injection, or by intravitreal injection and wherein administration treats the retinal angiogenic disease in the subject. 23. A method of treating a retinal angiogenic disease in a subject comprising:
administering to the subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising a peptide Q having the sequence Thr Pro His Thr His Gln Xaa Thr Pro Glu wherein Xaa is homoarginine (SEQ ID NO:4), wherein the composition is administered to the subject orally, by intravenous injection, or by intravitreal injection and wherein administration treats the retinal angiogenic disease in the subject. 24. A method of manufacturing a composition of claim 1, wherein the peptides are synthesized by solid phase Fmoc chemistry. | 2,800 |
338,982 | 16,642,001 | 2,818 | Disclosed herein are methods of treating a subject by an immunotherapy in combination with a low-dose of TNF-a or an LT receptor agonist as well as methods of identifying a cancer patient as having an increased or a reduced likelihood of responding to an immunotherapy by detection of TP53 gene status, in isolation, or in combination with assays for determining the levels of MHC-I and TP53 target genes. Also provided are methods of administering an immunotherapy to select, identified cancer patients. | 1.-92. (canceled) 93. A method of treating a patient having a cancer, comprising administering to the patient a low-dose of TNF-a or an LTβ receptor agonist, and an immunotherapy, wherein the low dose of TNF-a comprises a dose that is about 100 fold to about 300 fold lower than a maximum tolerated dose of TNF-a in human. 94. The method of claim 93, wherein the immunotherapy comprises administering to the patient one or more of: an immune checkpoint regulator, an adoptive T-cell therapy, a dendritic cell vaccination, or any combinations thereof. 95. The method of claim 94, wherein the immunotherapy comprises administering to the patient the immune checkpoint regulator, wherein the immune checkpoint regulator comprises an immune checkpoint inhibitor, and wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor is an antagonist of PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, A2AR, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, IDO, KIR, LAG3, TIM-3, VISTA, CD160, TIGIT or PSGL-1; or an antagonist antibody that binds to PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, A2AR, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, IDO, KIR, LAG3, TIM-3, VISTA, CD160, TIGIT or PSGL-1. 96. The method of claim 94, wherein the immunotherapy comprises administering to the patient the immune checkpoint regulator, wherein the immune checkpoint regulator comprises an immune checkpoint activator, and wherein the immune checkpoint activator is an agonist of costimulation by CD27, CD40, OX40, GITR, CD137, CD28, or ICOS; or an agonist antibody that binds to CD27, CD40, OX40, GITR, CD137, CD28, or ICOS. 97. The method of claim 93, wherein the low dose of TNF-a comprises a dose from 0.6 μg/m2 to 40 μg/m2. 98. The method of claim 93, wherein the patient has previously been identified as having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy by a method comprising the steps of:
(i) obtaining a biological sample from said patient and detecting whether the biological sample comprises a loss-of-function TP53 mutation; and (ii) identifying said patient as having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy if the biological sample comprises the loss-of-function TP53 mutation. 99. The method of claim 93, wherein the patient has previously been identified as having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy by a method comprising the steps of:
(i) obtaining a tumor sample from said patient and assaying levels of ERAP1 and TAP1 in said tumor sample; and (ii) identifying said patient as having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy if the levels of ERAP1 or TAP1, or both, are lower in the tumor sample than in a reference non-tumor biological sample. 100. The method of claim 99, further comprising assaying a level of MHC-I in the tumor sample and identifying said patient as having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy if the level of MHC-I is lower in the tumor sample than in the reference non-tumor biological sample. 101. The method of claim 93, wherein the patient has previously been identified as having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy by a method comprising the steps of:
(i) obtaining a tumor sample from said patient and assaying a level of MHC-I in said tumor sample; and (ii) identifying said patient as having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy if the MHC-I level is lower in the tumor sample than in a reference non-tumor biological sample. 102. The method of claim 101, further comprising assaying levels of ERAP1 and TAP1 in the tumor sample and identifying said patient as having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy if the levels of ERAP1 and TAP1, or both are lower in the tumor sample than in the reference non-tumor biological sample. 103. The method of claim 93, wherein the patient has previously been identified as having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy by a method comprising the steps of:
obtaining a tumor sample from said patient and performing the following steps:
a) detecting whether the tumor sample comprises a loss-of-function TP53 mutation, and
b) assaying a level of at least one of MHC-I, ERAP1, and TAP1 in said tumor sample; and
(ii) identifying said patient as having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy if the tumor sample comprises a loss-of-function TP53 mutation or if the level of at least one of MI-IC class 1, ERAP1, and TAP1 in the tumor sample is lower than that in a reference non-tumor biological sample. 104. The method of claim 103, comprising detecting whether the tumor sample comprises the loss-of-function TP53 mutation prior to assaying the level of at least one of MHC-I, ERAP1, and TAP1 in the tumor sample. 105. The method of claim 93, wherein the immunotherapy is administered in combination with a further therapy, wherein the further therapy comprises at least one of: a radiation therapy, a surgery, one or more hormonal agents, or combinations thereof. 106. A method of identifying a cancer patient as having an increased or reduced likelihood of response to an immunotherapy, said method comprising the steps of:
(i) obtaining a tumor sample from said patient and performing the follo g steps:
a) detectin tether the tumor sample comprises a loss-of-function TP53 mutation, and
b) assaying a level of at least one of MHC-I, ERAP1, and TAP1 in said tumor sample; and
(ii) identifying said patient as having an increased likelihood of response to the immunotherapy if the tumor sample does not comprise the loss-of-function TP53 mutation or if the level of at least one of MEW class 1, ERAPI, and TAN in the tumor sample is comparable to that in a reference non-tumor biological sample and identifying said patient has having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy if the tumor sample comprises a loss-of-function TP53 mutation or if the level of at least one of MHC class 1, ERAP1, and TAP1 in the tumor sample is lower than that in a reference non -tumor biological sample. 107. The method of claim 106, further comprising at least one of (iii) administering the immunotherapy to the patient identified as having the increased likelihood of response in step (ii); or (iv) administering a therapy comprising TNF-α to the patient identified as having the reduced likelihood of response in step (ii) 108. The method of claim 106, wherein the reference non-tumor biological sample is isolated from the same patient. 109. The method of claim 106, herein the cancer comprises a solid tumor, lymphoma, or leukemia. 110. A method for treating a patient having a cancer comprising: (a) selecting for an immunotherapy a patient having a cancer wherein the patient does not comprise a loss-of-function TP53 mutation, and (b) administering to that patient the immunotherapy. 111. The method of claim 109, wherein the immunotherapy comprises administration of one or more of: an immune checkpoint regulator, an adoptive T-cell therapy, a dendritic cell vaccination, or any combinations thereof, and wherein the immune checkpoint regulator comprises an immune checkpoint inhibitor or an immune checkpoint activator. 112. The method of claim 111, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor is an antagonist of PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, A2AR, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, IDO, KIR, LAG3, TIM-3, VISTA, CD160, TIGIT or PSGL-1; or an antagonist antibody that binds to PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, A2AR, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, IDO, KIR, LAG3, TIM-3, VISTA, CD160, TIGIT or PSGL-1, and wherein the immune checkpoint activator is an agonist of costimulation by CD27, CD40, OX40, GITR, CD137, CD28, or ICOS; or an agonist antibody that binds to CD27, CD40, OX40, GITR, CD137, CD28, or ICOS. | Disclosed herein are methods of treating a subject by an immunotherapy in combination with a low-dose of TNF-a or an LT receptor agonist as well as methods of identifying a cancer patient as having an increased or a reduced likelihood of responding to an immunotherapy by detection of TP53 gene status, in isolation, or in combination with assays for determining the levels of MHC-I and TP53 target genes. Also provided are methods of administering an immunotherapy to select, identified cancer patients.1.-92. (canceled) 93. A method of treating a patient having a cancer, comprising administering to the patient a low-dose of TNF-a or an LTβ receptor agonist, and an immunotherapy, wherein the low dose of TNF-a comprises a dose that is about 100 fold to about 300 fold lower than a maximum tolerated dose of TNF-a in human. 94. The method of claim 93, wherein the immunotherapy comprises administering to the patient one or more of: an immune checkpoint regulator, an adoptive T-cell therapy, a dendritic cell vaccination, or any combinations thereof. 95. The method of claim 94, wherein the immunotherapy comprises administering to the patient the immune checkpoint regulator, wherein the immune checkpoint regulator comprises an immune checkpoint inhibitor, and wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor is an antagonist of PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, A2AR, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, IDO, KIR, LAG3, TIM-3, VISTA, CD160, TIGIT or PSGL-1; or an antagonist antibody that binds to PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, A2AR, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, IDO, KIR, LAG3, TIM-3, VISTA, CD160, TIGIT or PSGL-1. 96. The method of claim 94, wherein the immunotherapy comprises administering to the patient the immune checkpoint regulator, wherein the immune checkpoint regulator comprises an immune checkpoint activator, and wherein the immune checkpoint activator is an agonist of costimulation by CD27, CD40, OX40, GITR, CD137, CD28, or ICOS; or an agonist antibody that binds to CD27, CD40, OX40, GITR, CD137, CD28, or ICOS. 97. The method of claim 93, wherein the low dose of TNF-a comprises a dose from 0.6 μg/m2 to 40 μg/m2. 98. The method of claim 93, wherein the patient has previously been identified as having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy by a method comprising the steps of:
(i) obtaining a biological sample from said patient and detecting whether the biological sample comprises a loss-of-function TP53 mutation; and (ii) identifying said patient as having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy if the biological sample comprises the loss-of-function TP53 mutation. 99. The method of claim 93, wherein the patient has previously been identified as having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy by a method comprising the steps of:
(i) obtaining a tumor sample from said patient and assaying levels of ERAP1 and TAP1 in said tumor sample; and (ii) identifying said patient as having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy if the levels of ERAP1 or TAP1, or both, are lower in the tumor sample than in a reference non-tumor biological sample. 100. The method of claim 99, further comprising assaying a level of MHC-I in the tumor sample and identifying said patient as having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy if the level of MHC-I is lower in the tumor sample than in the reference non-tumor biological sample. 101. The method of claim 93, wherein the patient has previously been identified as having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy by a method comprising the steps of:
(i) obtaining a tumor sample from said patient and assaying a level of MHC-I in said tumor sample; and (ii) identifying said patient as having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy if the MHC-I level is lower in the tumor sample than in a reference non-tumor biological sample. 102. The method of claim 101, further comprising assaying levels of ERAP1 and TAP1 in the tumor sample and identifying said patient as having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy if the levels of ERAP1 and TAP1, or both are lower in the tumor sample than in the reference non-tumor biological sample. 103. The method of claim 93, wherein the patient has previously been identified as having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy by a method comprising the steps of:
obtaining a tumor sample from said patient and performing the following steps:
a) detecting whether the tumor sample comprises a loss-of-function TP53 mutation, and
b) assaying a level of at least one of MHC-I, ERAP1, and TAP1 in said tumor sample; and
(ii) identifying said patient as having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy if the tumor sample comprises a loss-of-function TP53 mutation or if the level of at least one of MI-IC class 1, ERAP1, and TAP1 in the tumor sample is lower than that in a reference non-tumor biological sample. 104. The method of claim 103, comprising detecting whether the tumor sample comprises the loss-of-function TP53 mutation prior to assaying the level of at least one of MHC-I, ERAP1, and TAP1 in the tumor sample. 105. The method of claim 93, wherein the immunotherapy is administered in combination with a further therapy, wherein the further therapy comprises at least one of: a radiation therapy, a surgery, one or more hormonal agents, or combinations thereof. 106. A method of identifying a cancer patient as having an increased or reduced likelihood of response to an immunotherapy, said method comprising the steps of:
(i) obtaining a tumor sample from said patient and performing the follo g steps:
a) detectin tether the tumor sample comprises a loss-of-function TP53 mutation, and
b) assaying a level of at least one of MHC-I, ERAP1, and TAP1 in said tumor sample; and
(ii) identifying said patient as having an increased likelihood of response to the immunotherapy if the tumor sample does not comprise the loss-of-function TP53 mutation or if the level of at least one of MEW class 1, ERAPI, and TAN in the tumor sample is comparable to that in a reference non-tumor biological sample and identifying said patient has having a reduced likelihood of response to the immunotherapy if the tumor sample comprises a loss-of-function TP53 mutation or if the level of at least one of MHC class 1, ERAP1, and TAP1 in the tumor sample is lower than that in a reference non -tumor biological sample. 107. The method of claim 106, further comprising at least one of (iii) administering the immunotherapy to the patient identified as having the increased likelihood of response in step (ii); or (iv) administering a therapy comprising TNF-α to the patient identified as having the reduced likelihood of response in step (ii) 108. The method of claim 106, wherein the reference non-tumor biological sample is isolated from the same patient. 109. The method of claim 106, herein the cancer comprises a solid tumor, lymphoma, or leukemia. 110. A method for treating a patient having a cancer comprising: (a) selecting for an immunotherapy a patient having a cancer wherein the patient does not comprise a loss-of-function TP53 mutation, and (b) administering to that patient the immunotherapy. 111. The method of claim 109, wherein the immunotherapy comprises administration of one or more of: an immune checkpoint regulator, an adoptive T-cell therapy, a dendritic cell vaccination, or any combinations thereof, and wherein the immune checkpoint regulator comprises an immune checkpoint inhibitor or an immune checkpoint activator. 112. The method of claim 111, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor is an antagonist of PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, A2AR, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, IDO, KIR, LAG3, TIM-3, VISTA, CD160, TIGIT or PSGL-1; or an antagonist antibody that binds to PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, A2AR, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, IDO, KIR, LAG3, TIM-3, VISTA, CD160, TIGIT or PSGL-1, and wherein the immune checkpoint activator is an agonist of costimulation by CD27, CD40, OX40, GITR, CD137, CD28, or ICOS; or an agonist antibody that binds to CD27, CD40, OX40, GITR, CD137, CD28, or ICOS. | 2,800 |
338,983 | 16,799,847 | 2,469 | The present disclosure provides a method and a device in a node used for wireless communication. A first node receives a first information element, the first information element being used for indicating a first reference power value; and receives a second information set, the second information set comprising a second information element, the second information element being used for indicating a second limit power value; and transmits a first radio signal with a first power value; a target receiver of the first radio signal includes a transmitter of the first information element, the first power value is related to a smaller value between the first reference power value and the second limit power value. Taking into account restrictions resulted from interference when adjusting a transmitting power of a desired signal, the present disclosure can address interferences that may occur in V2X system in unicast or groupcast transmission. | 1. A method in a first node for wireless communication, comprising:
receiving a first information element, the first information element being used for indicating a first reference power value; receiving a second information set, the second information set comprising a second information element, the second information element being used for indicating a second limit power value; and transmitting a first radio signal with a first power value; wherein a target receiver of the first radio signal includes a transmitter of the first information element, the first power value is related to a smaller value between the first reference power value and the second limit power value. 2. The method in the first node according to claim 1, comprising:
receiving a first target radio signal so as to determine a first power compensation; and receiving a second target signal set; wherein the second target signal set comprises a second target radio signal, the second target radio signal is used for determining a second power compensation; a transmitter of the first target radio signal and a transmitter of the first information element are co-located, while a transmitter of the second target radio signal and a transmitter of the second information element are co-located; the second limit power value is related to the first power compensation and the second power compensation. 3. The method in the first node according to claim 1, wherein the first information element indicates a first coefficient, the second limit power value is linearly correlated with the first coefficient;
or, the second information element indicates a second power offset, the second limit power value is linearly correlated with the second power offset; or, the second information set comprises Q second-type information elements, the second information element is one of the Q second-type information elements, Q is a positive integer greater than 1; the Q second-type information elements are respectively used for indicating Q limit power values, the second limit power value is a smallest value of the Q limit power values. 4. The method in the first node according to claim 1, wherein the first power value is a smaller value between a maximum transmitting power value and a first candidate power value, the first candidate power value is linearly correlated with a smaller value between the first reference power value and the second limit power value, with a correlation coefficient being 1. 5. The method in the first node according to claim 1, comprising:
transmitting a second radio signal with a second power value; wherein the first information element is used for indicating a first limit power value, the second information element is used for indicating a second reference power value; a target receiver of the second radio signal includes a transmitter of the second information element, the second power value is related to a smaller value between the second reference power value and the first limit power value. 6. A method in a second node for wireless communication, comprising:
transmitting a first information element, the first information element being used for indicating a first reference power value; and receiving a first radio signal; wherein a first power value is a transmitting power of the first radio signal, the first power value is related to a smaller value between the first reference power value and a second limit power value, the second limit power value is indicated by second information element, the second information element belongs to a second information set, a target receiver of the second information set includes a transmitter of the first radio signal. 7. The method in the second node according to claim 6, comprising:
transmitting a first target radio signal, the first target radio signal being used for determining a first power compensation; wherein a second target radio signal is used for determining a second power compensation, a transmitter of the second target radio signal and a transmitter of the second information element are co-located, the second target radio signal belongs to a second target signal set, a target receiver of the second target signal set includes a target receiver of the first target radio signal, the second limit power value is related to the first power compensation and the second power compensation. 8. The method in the second node according to claim 6, wherein the first information element indicates a first coefficient, the second limit power value is linearly correlated with the first coefficient;
or, the second information element indicates a second power offset, the second limit power value is linearly correlated with the second power offset; or, the second information set comprises Q second-type information elements, the second information element is one of the Q second-type information elements, Q is a positive integer greater than 1; the Q second-type information elements are respectively used for indicating Q limit power values, the second limit power value is a smallest value of the Q limit power values. 9. The method in the second node according to claim 6, wherein the first power value is a smaller value between a maximum transmitting power value and a first candidate power value, the first candidate power value is linearly correlated with a smaller value between the first reference power value and the second limit power value, with a correlation coefficient being 1. 10. The method in the second node according to claim 6, wherein the first information element is used for indicating a first limit power value, the second information element is used for indicating a second reference power value; a target receiver of the second radio signal includes a transmitter of the second information element, and the target receiver of the second radio signal does not include the second node; a second power value is a transmitting power of the second radio signal, the second power value is related to a smaller value between the second reference power value and the first limit power value. 11. A first node for wireless communication, comprising:
a first receiver, receiving a first information element, the first information element being used for indicating a first reference power value; wherein the first receiver receives a second information set, the second information set comprising a second information element, the second information element being used for indicating a second limit power value; and a first transmitter, transmitting a first radio signal with a first power value; wherein a target receiver of the first radio signal includes a transmitter of the first information element, the first power value is related to a smaller value between the first reference power value and the second limit power value. 12. The first node according to claim 11, comprising:
a second receiver, receiving a first target radio signal so as to determine a first power compensation; wherein the second receiver receives a second target signal set, the second target signal set comprising a second target radio signal, the second target radio signal being used for determining a second power compensation; a transmitter of the first target radio signal and a transmitter of the first information element are co-located, while a transmitter of the second target radio signal and a transmitter of the second information element are co-located; the second limit power value is related to the first power compensation and the second power compensation. 13. The first node according to claim 11, wherein the first information element indicates a first coefficient, the second limit power value is linearly correlated with the first coefficient;
or, the second information element indicates a second power offset, the second limit power value is linearly correlated with the second power offset; or, the second information set comprises Q second-type information elements, the second information element is one of the Q second-type information elements, Q is a positive integer greater than 1; the Q second-type information elements are respectively used for indicating Q limit power values, the second limit power value is a smallest value of the Q limit power values. 14. The first node according to claim 11, wherein the first power value is a smaller value between a maximum transmitting power value and a first candidate power value, the first candidate power value is linearly correlated with a smaller value between the first reference power value and the second limit power value, with a correlation coefficient being 1. 15. The first node according to claim 11, comprising:
the first transmitter, transmitting a second radio signal with a second power value; wherein the first information element is used for indicating a first limit power value, the second information element is used for indicating a second reference power value; a target receiver of the second radio signal includes a transmitter of the second information element, the second power value is related to a smaller value between the second reference power value and the first limit power value. 16. A second node for wireless communication, comprising:
a second transmitter, transmitting a first information element, the first information element being used for indicating a first reference power value; and a third receiver, receiving a first radio signal; a first power value is a transmitting power of the first radio signal, the first power value is related to a smaller value between the first reference power value and a second limit power value, the second limit power value is indicated by second information element, the second information element belongs to a second information set, a target receiver of the second information set includes a transmitter of the first radio signal. 17. The second node according to claim 16, comprising:
a third transmitter, transmitting a first target radio signal, the first target radio signal being used for determining a first power compensation; wherein a second target radio signal is used for determining a second power compensation, a transmitter of the second target radio signal and a transmitter of the second information element are co-located, the second target radio signal belongs to a second target signal set, a target receiver of the second target signal set includes a target receiver of the first target radio signal, the second limit power value is related to the first power compensation and the second power compensation. 18. The second node according to claim 16, wherein the first information element indicates a first coefficient, the second limit power value is linearly correlated with the first coefficient;
or, the second information element indicates a second power offset, the second limit power value is linearly correlated with the second power offset; or, the second information set comprises Q second-type information elements, the second information element is one of the Q second-type information elements, Q is a positive integer greater than 1; the Q second-type information elements are respectively used for indicating Q limit power values, the second limit power value is a smallest value of the Q limit power values. 19. The second node according to claim 16, wherein the first power value is a smaller value between a maximum transmitting power value and a first candidate power value, the first candidate power value is linearly correlated with a smaller value between the first reference power value and the second limit power value, with a correlation coefficient being 1. 20. The second node according to claim 16, wherein the first information element is used for indicating a first limit power value, the second information element is used for indicating a second reference power value; a target receiver of the second radio signal includes a transmitter of the second information element, and the target receiver of the second radio signal does not include the second node; a second power value is a transmitting power of the second radio signal, the second power value is related to a smaller value between the second reference power value and the first limit power value. | The present disclosure provides a method and a device in a node used for wireless communication. A first node receives a first information element, the first information element being used for indicating a first reference power value; and receives a second information set, the second information set comprising a second information element, the second information element being used for indicating a second limit power value; and transmits a first radio signal with a first power value; a target receiver of the first radio signal includes a transmitter of the first information element, the first power value is related to a smaller value between the first reference power value and the second limit power value. Taking into account restrictions resulted from interference when adjusting a transmitting power of a desired signal, the present disclosure can address interferences that may occur in V2X system in unicast or groupcast transmission.1. A method in a first node for wireless communication, comprising:
receiving a first information element, the first information element being used for indicating a first reference power value; receiving a second information set, the second information set comprising a second information element, the second information element being used for indicating a second limit power value; and transmitting a first radio signal with a first power value; wherein a target receiver of the first radio signal includes a transmitter of the first information element, the first power value is related to a smaller value between the first reference power value and the second limit power value. 2. The method in the first node according to claim 1, comprising:
receiving a first target radio signal so as to determine a first power compensation; and receiving a second target signal set; wherein the second target signal set comprises a second target radio signal, the second target radio signal is used for determining a second power compensation; a transmitter of the first target radio signal and a transmitter of the first information element are co-located, while a transmitter of the second target radio signal and a transmitter of the second information element are co-located; the second limit power value is related to the first power compensation and the second power compensation. 3. The method in the first node according to claim 1, wherein the first information element indicates a first coefficient, the second limit power value is linearly correlated with the first coefficient;
or, the second information element indicates a second power offset, the second limit power value is linearly correlated with the second power offset; or, the second information set comprises Q second-type information elements, the second information element is one of the Q second-type information elements, Q is a positive integer greater than 1; the Q second-type information elements are respectively used for indicating Q limit power values, the second limit power value is a smallest value of the Q limit power values. 4. The method in the first node according to claim 1, wherein the first power value is a smaller value between a maximum transmitting power value and a first candidate power value, the first candidate power value is linearly correlated with a smaller value between the first reference power value and the second limit power value, with a correlation coefficient being 1. 5. The method in the first node according to claim 1, comprising:
transmitting a second radio signal with a second power value; wherein the first information element is used for indicating a first limit power value, the second information element is used for indicating a second reference power value; a target receiver of the second radio signal includes a transmitter of the second information element, the second power value is related to a smaller value between the second reference power value and the first limit power value. 6. A method in a second node for wireless communication, comprising:
transmitting a first information element, the first information element being used for indicating a first reference power value; and receiving a first radio signal; wherein a first power value is a transmitting power of the first radio signal, the first power value is related to a smaller value between the first reference power value and a second limit power value, the second limit power value is indicated by second information element, the second information element belongs to a second information set, a target receiver of the second information set includes a transmitter of the first radio signal. 7. The method in the second node according to claim 6, comprising:
transmitting a first target radio signal, the first target radio signal being used for determining a first power compensation; wherein a second target radio signal is used for determining a second power compensation, a transmitter of the second target radio signal and a transmitter of the second information element are co-located, the second target radio signal belongs to a second target signal set, a target receiver of the second target signal set includes a target receiver of the first target radio signal, the second limit power value is related to the first power compensation and the second power compensation. 8. The method in the second node according to claim 6, wherein the first information element indicates a first coefficient, the second limit power value is linearly correlated with the first coefficient;
or, the second information element indicates a second power offset, the second limit power value is linearly correlated with the second power offset; or, the second information set comprises Q second-type information elements, the second information element is one of the Q second-type information elements, Q is a positive integer greater than 1; the Q second-type information elements are respectively used for indicating Q limit power values, the second limit power value is a smallest value of the Q limit power values. 9. The method in the second node according to claim 6, wherein the first power value is a smaller value between a maximum transmitting power value and a first candidate power value, the first candidate power value is linearly correlated with a smaller value between the first reference power value and the second limit power value, with a correlation coefficient being 1. 10. The method in the second node according to claim 6, wherein the first information element is used for indicating a first limit power value, the second information element is used for indicating a second reference power value; a target receiver of the second radio signal includes a transmitter of the second information element, and the target receiver of the second radio signal does not include the second node; a second power value is a transmitting power of the second radio signal, the second power value is related to a smaller value between the second reference power value and the first limit power value. 11. A first node for wireless communication, comprising:
a first receiver, receiving a first information element, the first information element being used for indicating a first reference power value; wherein the first receiver receives a second information set, the second information set comprising a second information element, the second information element being used for indicating a second limit power value; and a first transmitter, transmitting a first radio signal with a first power value; wherein a target receiver of the first radio signal includes a transmitter of the first information element, the first power value is related to a smaller value between the first reference power value and the second limit power value. 12. The first node according to claim 11, comprising:
a second receiver, receiving a first target radio signal so as to determine a first power compensation; wherein the second receiver receives a second target signal set, the second target signal set comprising a second target radio signal, the second target radio signal being used for determining a second power compensation; a transmitter of the first target radio signal and a transmitter of the first information element are co-located, while a transmitter of the second target radio signal and a transmitter of the second information element are co-located; the second limit power value is related to the first power compensation and the second power compensation. 13. The first node according to claim 11, wherein the first information element indicates a first coefficient, the second limit power value is linearly correlated with the first coefficient;
or, the second information element indicates a second power offset, the second limit power value is linearly correlated with the second power offset; or, the second information set comprises Q second-type information elements, the second information element is one of the Q second-type information elements, Q is a positive integer greater than 1; the Q second-type information elements are respectively used for indicating Q limit power values, the second limit power value is a smallest value of the Q limit power values. 14. The first node according to claim 11, wherein the first power value is a smaller value between a maximum transmitting power value and a first candidate power value, the first candidate power value is linearly correlated with a smaller value between the first reference power value and the second limit power value, with a correlation coefficient being 1. 15. The first node according to claim 11, comprising:
the first transmitter, transmitting a second radio signal with a second power value; wherein the first information element is used for indicating a first limit power value, the second information element is used for indicating a second reference power value; a target receiver of the second radio signal includes a transmitter of the second information element, the second power value is related to a smaller value between the second reference power value and the first limit power value. 16. A second node for wireless communication, comprising:
a second transmitter, transmitting a first information element, the first information element being used for indicating a first reference power value; and a third receiver, receiving a first radio signal; a first power value is a transmitting power of the first radio signal, the first power value is related to a smaller value between the first reference power value and a second limit power value, the second limit power value is indicated by second information element, the second information element belongs to a second information set, a target receiver of the second information set includes a transmitter of the first radio signal. 17. The second node according to claim 16, comprising:
a third transmitter, transmitting a first target radio signal, the first target radio signal being used for determining a first power compensation; wherein a second target radio signal is used for determining a second power compensation, a transmitter of the second target radio signal and a transmitter of the second information element are co-located, the second target radio signal belongs to a second target signal set, a target receiver of the second target signal set includes a target receiver of the first target radio signal, the second limit power value is related to the first power compensation and the second power compensation. 18. The second node according to claim 16, wherein the first information element indicates a first coefficient, the second limit power value is linearly correlated with the first coefficient;
or, the second information element indicates a second power offset, the second limit power value is linearly correlated with the second power offset; or, the second information set comprises Q second-type information elements, the second information element is one of the Q second-type information elements, Q is a positive integer greater than 1; the Q second-type information elements are respectively used for indicating Q limit power values, the second limit power value is a smallest value of the Q limit power values. 19. The second node according to claim 16, wherein the first power value is a smaller value between a maximum transmitting power value and a first candidate power value, the first candidate power value is linearly correlated with a smaller value between the first reference power value and the second limit power value, with a correlation coefficient being 1. 20. The second node according to claim 16, wherein the first information element is used for indicating a first limit power value, the second information element is used for indicating a second reference power value; a target receiver of the second radio signal includes a transmitter of the second information element, and the target receiver of the second radio signal does not include the second node; a second power value is a transmitting power of the second radio signal, the second power value is related to a smaller value between the second reference power value and the first limit power value. | 2,400 |
338,984 | 16,799,861 | 2,637 | A timing controller includes an image compensator for generating compensated image data. The image compensator is configured to: divide an input image into plural image blocks; select plural pixels located at one column of the image block as plural target pixels; generate an average representative gray level of the image block according to a histogram of gray levels of the image block; input the average representative gray level into a first lookup table to obtain a first gain; input a vertical pixel position of the target pixel and the average representative gray level into a second lookup table to obtain a second gain; obtain the compensated gray level by multiplying the gray level, the first gain, and the second gain of the target pixel; and replace the gray levels with the compensated gray levels to acquire the compensated image data. | 1. A timing controller, comprising:
a receiver configured to receive image data of an input image, wherein the input image comprises a plurality of pixels; an image compensator configured to generate compensated image data according to the image data; and a transmitter configured to output the compensated image data such that a display device comprising the timing controller displays an image according to the compensated image data; wherein the image compensator is further configured to:
divide the input image into a plurality of image blocks along a horizontal direction;
select the pixels located at one of columns of each of the image blocks as a plurality of target pixels;
obtain each of gray levels of the pixels;
generate an average representative gray level of each of the image blocks according to a histogram of the gray levels of each of the image blocks;
input the average representative gray level of each of the image blocks into a first lookup table to obtain a first gain of corresponding image block;
input a vertical pixel position of each of the target pixels of each of the image blocks and the average representative gray level of the corresponding image blocks into a second lookup table to obtain a second gain of the corresponding target pixel of the corresponding image block;
obtain each of compensated gray levels of the target pixels of each of the image blocks by multiplying the gray level of the corresponding target pixel, the first gain of the corresponding image block, and the second gain of the corresponding target pixel; and
replace the gray levels of the target pixels with the compensated gray levels of the corresponding target pixels, respectively, so as to acquire the compensated image data. 2. The timing controller of claim 1,
wherein the histogram of the gray levels comprises a plurality of histogram bins corresponding to different gray level ranges; wherein a height of one of the histogram bins represents a total pixel number of the pixels within the corresponding gray level range. 3. The timing controller of claim 1,
wherein the pixels of one of the image blocks are arranged in rows and columns of the one of the image blocks; wherein the target pixels of the one of the image blocks are the pixels located at a central column of the one of the image blocks. 4. The timing controller of claim 1, wherein the average representative gray level of one of the image blocks corresponds to an average of the gray levels of the pixels of the one of the image block. 5. The timing controller of claim 2, wherein the histogram bins respectively correspond to a plurality of weight values, wherein the image compensator is further configured to:
update the total pixel number of one of the histogram bins by multiplying the total pixel number of the one of the histogram bins and the weight value of the one of the histogram bins when generating the average representative gray level of each of the image blocks. 6. The timing controller of claim 1, wherein the image compensator is further configured to:
perform a linear interpolation calculation to obtain the compensated gray levels of the pixels except for the target pixels; and replace the gray levels of the pixels except for the target pixels with the compensated gray levels of the corresponding pixels except for the target pixels respectively, so as to acquire the compensated image data. 7. The timing controller of claim 6, wherein the linear interpolation calculation comprises:
determining two adjacent target pixels which are horizontally closest to one of the pixels except for the target pixels; and calculating the compensated gray level of the one of the pixels except for the target pixels by linear interpolating the compensated gray levels of the determined target pixels. 8. The timing controller of claim 1,
wherein the pixels of one of the image blocks are arranged in rows and columns of the one of the image blocks; wherein the target pixels of a first of the image blocks are the pixels located at a first column of the first of the image blocks; wherein the target pixels of a last of the image block are the pixels located at a last column of the last of the image blocks. 9. The timing controller of claim 5, wherein the weight value of one of the histogram bins corresponding to a lower gray level range is smaller than the weight value of another of the histogram bins corresponding to a higher gray level range. 10. The timing controller of claim 1, wherein the second gain of one of the target pixels located at a higher vertical pixel position is smaller than the second gain of another of the target pixels corresponding to a lower vertical pixel position. 11. An operating method of a timing controller, comprising:
providing image data of an input image comprising a plurality of pixels; dividing the input image into a plurality of image blocks along a horizontal direction; selecting the pixels located at one of columns of each of the image blocks as a plurality of target pixels; obtaining each of gray levels of the pixels; generating an average representative gray level of each of the image blocks according to a histogram of the gray levels of each of the image blocks; inputting the average representative gray level of each of the image blocks into a first lookup table to obtain a first gain of corresponding image block; inputting a vertical pixel position of each of the target pixels of each of the image blocks and the average representative gray level of the corresponding image blocks into a second lookup table to obtain a second gain of the corresponding target pixel of the corresponding image block; obtaining each of compensated gray levels of the target pixels of each of the image blocks by multiplying the gray level of the corresponding target pixel, the first gain of the corresponding image block, and the second gain of the corresponding target pixel; replacing the gray levels of the target pixels with the compensated gray levels of the corresponding target pixels, respectively, so as to acquire compensated image data; and displaying an image via a display device comprising the timing controller according to the compensated image data. 12. The operating method of the timing controller of claim 11,
wherein the histogram of the gray levels comprises a plurality of histogram bins corresponding to different gray level ranges; wherein a height of one of the histogram bins represents a total pixel number of the pixels within the corresponding gray level range. 13. The operating method of the timing controller of claim 11,
wherein the pixels of one of the image blocks are arranged in rows and columns of the one of the image blocks; wherein the target pixels of the one of the image blocks are the pixels located at a central column of the one of the image blocks. 14. The operating method of the timing controller of claim 11, wherein the average representative gray level of one of the image blocks corresponds to an average of the gray levels of the pixels of the one of the image block. 15. The operating method of the timing controller of claim 12, wherein the histogram bins respectively correspond to a plurality of weight values, wherein the operating method further comprises:
updating the total pixel number of one of the histogram bins by multiplying the total pixel number of the one of the histogram bins and the weight value of the one of the histogram bins when generating the average representative gray level of each of the image blocks. 16. The operating method of the timing controller of claim 11, further comprising:
performing a linear interpolation calculation to obtain the compensated gray levels of the pixels except for the target pixels; and replacing the gray levels of the pixels except for the target pixels with the compensated gray levels of the corresponding pixels except for the target pixels respectively, so as to acquire the compensated image data. 17. The operating method of the timing controller of claim 16, wherein the linear interpolation calculation comprises:
determining two adjacent target pixels which are horizontally closest to one of the pixels except for the target pixels; and calculating the compensated gray level of the one of the pixels except for the target pixels by linear interpolating the compensated gray levels of the determined target pixels. 18. The operating method of the timing controller of claim 11,
wherein the pixels of one of the image blocks are arranged in rows and columns of the one of the image blocks; wherein the target pixels of a first of the image blocks are the pixels located at a first column of the first of the image blocks; wherein the target pixels of a last of the image block are the pixels located at a last column of the last of the image blocks. 19. The operating method of the timing controller of claim 15, wherein the weight value of one of the histogram bins corresponding to a lower gray level range is smaller than the weight value of another of the histogram bins corresponding to a higher gray level range. 20. The operating method of the timing controller of claim 11, wherein the second gain of one of the target pixels located at a higher vertical pixel position is smaller than the second gain of another of the target pixels corresponding to a lower vertical pixel position. | A timing controller includes an image compensator for generating compensated image data. The image compensator is configured to: divide an input image into plural image blocks; select plural pixels located at one column of the image block as plural target pixels; generate an average representative gray level of the image block according to a histogram of gray levels of the image block; input the average representative gray level into a first lookup table to obtain a first gain; input a vertical pixel position of the target pixel and the average representative gray level into a second lookup table to obtain a second gain; obtain the compensated gray level by multiplying the gray level, the first gain, and the second gain of the target pixel; and replace the gray levels with the compensated gray levels to acquire the compensated image data.1. A timing controller, comprising:
a receiver configured to receive image data of an input image, wherein the input image comprises a plurality of pixels; an image compensator configured to generate compensated image data according to the image data; and a transmitter configured to output the compensated image data such that a display device comprising the timing controller displays an image according to the compensated image data; wherein the image compensator is further configured to:
divide the input image into a plurality of image blocks along a horizontal direction;
select the pixels located at one of columns of each of the image blocks as a plurality of target pixels;
obtain each of gray levels of the pixels;
generate an average representative gray level of each of the image blocks according to a histogram of the gray levels of each of the image blocks;
input the average representative gray level of each of the image blocks into a first lookup table to obtain a first gain of corresponding image block;
input a vertical pixel position of each of the target pixels of each of the image blocks and the average representative gray level of the corresponding image blocks into a second lookup table to obtain a second gain of the corresponding target pixel of the corresponding image block;
obtain each of compensated gray levels of the target pixels of each of the image blocks by multiplying the gray level of the corresponding target pixel, the first gain of the corresponding image block, and the second gain of the corresponding target pixel; and
replace the gray levels of the target pixels with the compensated gray levels of the corresponding target pixels, respectively, so as to acquire the compensated image data. 2. The timing controller of claim 1,
wherein the histogram of the gray levels comprises a plurality of histogram bins corresponding to different gray level ranges; wherein a height of one of the histogram bins represents a total pixel number of the pixels within the corresponding gray level range. 3. The timing controller of claim 1,
wherein the pixels of one of the image blocks are arranged in rows and columns of the one of the image blocks; wherein the target pixels of the one of the image blocks are the pixels located at a central column of the one of the image blocks. 4. The timing controller of claim 1, wherein the average representative gray level of one of the image blocks corresponds to an average of the gray levels of the pixels of the one of the image block. 5. The timing controller of claim 2, wherein the histogram bins respectively correspond to a plurality of weight values, wherein the image compensator is further configured to:
update the total pixel number of one of the histogram bins by multiplying the total pixel number of the one of the histogram bins and the weight value of the one of the histogram bins when generating the average representative gray level of each of the image blocks. 6. The timing controller of claim 1, wherein the image compensator is further configured to:
perform a linear interpolation calculation to obtain the compensated gray levels of the pixels except for the target pixels; and replace the gray levels of the pixels except for the target pixels with the compensated gray levels of the corresponding pixels except for the target pixels respectively, so as to acquire the compensated image data. 7. The timing controller of claim 6, wherein the linear interpolation calculation comprises:
determining two adjacent target pixels which are horizontally closest to one of the pixels except for the target pixels; and calculating the compensated gray level of the one of the pixels except for the target pixels by linear interpolating the compensated gray levels of the determined target pixels. 8. The timing controller of claim 1,
wherein the pixels of one of the image blocks are arranged in rows and columns of the one of the image blocks; wherein the target pixels of a first of the image blocks are the pixels located at a first column of the first of the image blocks; wherein the target pixels of a last of the image block are the pixels located at a last column of the last of the image blocks. 9. The timing controller of claim 5, wherein the weight value of one of the histogram bins corresponding to a lower gray level range is smaller than the weight value of another of the histogram bins corresponding to a higher gray level range. 10. The timing controller of claim 1, wherein the second gain of one of the target pixels located at a higher vertical pixel position is smaller than the second gain of another of the target pixels corresponding to a lower vertical pixel position. 11. An operating method of a timing controller, comprising:
providing image data of an input image comprising a plurality of pixels; dividing the input image into a plurality of image blocks along a horizontal direction; selecting the pixels located at one of columns of each of the image blocks as a plurality of target pixels; obtaining each of gray levels of the pixels; generating an average representative gray level of each of the image blocks according to a histogram of the gray levels of each of the image blocks; inputting the average representative gray level of each of the image blocks into a first lookup table to obtain a first gain of corresponding image block; inputting a vertical pixel position of each of the target pixels of each of the image blocks and the average representative gray level of the corresponding image blocks into a second lookup table to obtain a second gain of the corresponding target pixel of the corresponding image block; obtaining each of compensated gray levels of the target pixels of each of the image blocks by multiplying the gray level of the corresponding target pixel, the first gain of the corresponding image block, and the second gain of the corresponding target pixel; replacing the gray levels of the target pixels with the compensated gray levels of the corresponding target pixels, respectively, so as to acquire compensated image data; and displaying an image via a display device comprising the timing controller according to the compensated image data. 12. The operating method of the timing controller of claim 11,
wherein the histogram of the gray levels comprises a plurality of histogram bins corresponding to different gray level ranges; wherein a height of one of the histogram bins represents a total pixel number of the pixels within the corresponding gray level range. 13. The operating method of the timing controller of claim 11,
wherein the pixels of one of the image blocks are arranged in rows and columns of the one of the image blocks; wherein the target pixels of the one of the image blocks are the pixels located at a central column of the one of the image blocks. 14. The operating method of the timing controller of claim 11, wherein the average representative gray level of one of the image blocks corresponds to an average of the gray levels of the pixels of the one of the image block. 15. The operating method of the timing controller of claim 12, wherein the histogram bins respectively correspond to a plurality of weight values, wherein the operating method further comprises:
updating the total pixel number of one of the histogram bins by multiplying the total pixel number of the one of the histogram bins and the weight value of the one of the histogram bins when generating the average representative gray level of each of the image blocks. 16. The operating method of the timing controller of claim 11, further comprising:
performing a linear interpolation calculation to obtain the compensated gray levels of the pixels except for the target pixels; and replacing the gray levels of the pixels except for the target pixels with the compensated gray levels of the corresponding pixels except for the target pixels respectively, so as to acquire the compensated image data. 17. The operating method of the timing controller of claim 16, wherein the linear interpolation calculation comprises:
determining two adjacent target pixels which are horizontally closest to one of the pixels except for the target pixels; and calculating the compensated gray level of the one of the pixels except for the target pixels by linear interpolating the compensated gray levels of the determined target pixels. 18. The operating method of the timing controller of claim 11,
wherein the pixels of one of the image blocks are arranged in rows and columns of the one of the image blocks; wherein the target pixels of a first of the image blocks are the pixels located at a first column of the first of the image blocks; wherein the target pixels of a last of the image block are the pixels located at a last column of the last of the image blocks. 19. The operating method of the timing controller of claim 15, wherein the weight value of one of the histogram bins corresponding to a lower gray level range is smaller than the weight value of another of the histogram bins corresponding to a higher gray level range. 20. The operating method of the timing controller of claim 11, wherein the second gain of one of the target pixels located at a higher vertical pixel position is smaller than the second gain of another of the target pixels corresponding to a lower vertical pixel position. | 2,600 |
338,985 | 16,799,849 | 2,637 | A semiconductor device and method of forming the same are provided. The semiconductor device includes a substrate, a growth promoting region, a first gate stack, and a second gate stack. The substrate includes a first region and a second region. The growth promoting region is located in a surface of the substrate in the first region. The growth promoting region includes a first implantation species, and a surface of the substrate in the second region is free of the first implantation species. The first gate stack includes a first gate dielectric layer on the substrate in the first region. The second gate stack includes a second gate dielectric layer on the substrate in the second region. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate comprising a first region and a second region, a growth promoting region in a surface of the substrate in the first region, wherein the growth promoting region comprises a first implantation species, and a surface of the substrate in the second region is free of the first implantation species; a first gate stack comprising a first gate dielectric layer on the substrate in the first region; and a second gate stack comprising a second gate dielectric layer on the substrate in the second region. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first gate dielectric layer is thicker than the second gate dielectric layer. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first gate dielectric layer is a multi-layer structure, and the second gate dielectric layer is a single-layer structure. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein
the first gate dielectric layer comprises a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer on the first dielectric layer; the second gate dielectric layer comprises a third dielectric layer and a fourth dielectric layer on the third dielectric layer; and the first dielectric layer is thicker than the third dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer is thicker than the fourth dielectric layer. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 4, further comprising a third gate stack located in a third region of the substrate, wherein the third gate stack comprise a third gate dielectric layer, and the third gate dielectric layer is thinner than the second gate dielectric layer. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 5, wherein the third gate dielectric layer has a thickness the same as a thickness of the third dielectric layer of the second gate dielectric layer. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 5, wherein the third gate dielectric layer has a thickness larger than a thickness of the third dielectric layer of the second gate dielectric layer and thinner than a thickness of the first dielectric layer of the first gate dielectric layer. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 7, wherein a surface of the substrate in the second region comprises a second implantation species different from the first implantation species of the growth promoting region. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first gate stack is comprised in a first metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) device, and the second gate stack is comprised in a second MOS device, a threshold voltage of the first MOS device is larger than a threshold voltage of the second MOS device. 10. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate having a first region and a second region; a first implantation region in a surface of the substrate in the first region, the first implantation region comprises a first implantation species; a second implantation region in a surface of the substrate in the second region, the second implantation region comprises a second implantation species different from the first implantation species, a first gate stack comprising a first gate dielectric layer on the substrate in the first region; and a second gate stack comprising a second gate dielectric layer on the substrate in the second region. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the first implantation region is a growth promoting region, the second implantation region is a growth slowing region, and the first gate dielectric layer is thicker than the second gate dielectric layer. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein
the first gate dielectric layer comprises a first layer and a second layer on the first layer; the second gate dielectric layer comprises a third layer and a fourth layer on the third layer; and the first layer is thicker than the third layer, and the second layer is thicker than the fourth layer. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 12, further comprising a third gate stack having a third gate dielectric layer on the substrate in a third region, wherein the third gate dielectric layer is thicker than the third layer of the second gate dielectric layer and thinner than the second gate dielectric layer. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 13, wherein a surface of the substrate in the third region is free of the first implantation species and the second implantation species. 15. A method of forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a substrate having a first region and a second region; forming a first patterned mask on the substrate in the second region; performing a first implantation process on the substrate in the first region to form a first growth affecting region in a surface of the substrate in the first region; removing the first patterned mask; and performing a thermal oxidation process to form a first gate dielectric layer on the substrate in the first region and a second gate dielectric layer on the substrate in the second region, the first gate dielectric layer and the second gate dielectric layer have different thicknesses. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first growth affecting region is a growth promoting region which promotes a growth of the first gate dielectric layer, such that the first gate dielectric layer is formed to be thicker than the second gate dielectric layer. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the first growth affecting region is a growth slowing region which slows a growth of the first gate dielectric layer, such that the first gate dielectric layer is formed to be thinner than the second gate dielectric layer. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein after removing the first patterned mask and before performing the thermal oxidation process, further comprising:
forming a second patterned mask on the substrate in the first region; performing a second implantation process on the substrate in the second region to from a second growth affecting region in a surface of the substrate in the second region; and removing the second patterned mask, wherein the first implantation process implants a first implantation species into the substrate in the first region, and the first growth affecting region is formed to be a growth promoting region, the second implantation process implants a second implant species into the substrate in the second region, and the second growth affecting region is formed to be a growth slowing region. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the thermal oxidation process is further performed to form a third gate dielectric layer on the substrate in a third region, and the substrate in the third region is blocked during the first implantation process and the second implantation process. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the first patterned mask is further formed on the substrate in a third region, and the thermal oxidation process comprises:
performing a first oxidation process to form a first layer of the first gate dielectric layer, a first layer of the second gate dielectric layer and a third gate dielectric layer on the substrate in the third region; forming a second patterned mask layer on the substrate in the third region; and performing a second oxidation process to form a second layer of the first gate dielectric layer and a second layer of the second gate dielectric layer. | A semiconductor device and method of forming the same are provided. The semiconductor device includes a substrate, a growth promoting region, a first gate stack, and a second gate stack. The substrate includes a first region and a second region. The growth promoting region is located in a surface of the substrate in the first region. The growth promoting region includes a first implantation species, and a surface of the substrate in the second region is free of the first implantation species. The first gate stack includes a first gate dielectric layer on the substrate in the first region. The second gate stack includes a second gate dielectric layer on the substrate in the second region.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate comprising a first region and a second region, a growth promoting region in a surface of the substrate in the first region, wherein the growth promoting region comprises a first implantation species, and a surface of the substrate in the second region is free of the first implantation species; a first gate stack comprising a first gate dielectric layer on the substrate in the first region; and a second gate stack comprising a second gate dielectric layer on the substrate in the second region. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first gate dielectric layer is thicker than the second gate dielectric layer. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first gate dielectric layer is a multi-layer structure, and the second gate dielectric layer is a single-layer structure. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein
the first gate dielectric layer comprises a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer on the first dielectric layer; the second gate dielectric layer comprises a third dielectric layer and a fourth dielectric layer on the third dielectric layer; and the first dielectric layer is thicker than the third dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer is thicker than the fourth dielectric layer. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 4, further comprising a third gate stack located in a third region of the substrate, wherein the third gate stack comprise a third gate dielectric layer, and the third gate dielectric layer is thinner than the second gate dielectric layer. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 5, wherein the third gate dielectric layer has a thickness the same as a thickness of the third dielectric layer of the second gate dielectric layer. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 5, wherein the third gate dielectric layer has a thickness larger than a thickness of the third dielectric layer of the second gate dielectric layer and thinner than a thickness of the first dielectric layer of the first gate dielectric layer. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 7, wherein a surface of the substrate in the second region comprises a second implantation species different from the first implantation species of the growth promoting region. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first gate stack is comprised in a first metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) device, and the second gate stack is comprised in a second MOS device, a threshold voltage of the first MOS device is larger than a threshold voltage of the second MOS device. 10. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate having a first region and a second region; a first implantation region in a surface of the substrate in the first region, the first implantation region comprises a first implantation species; a second implantation region in a surface of the substrate in the second region, the second implantation region comprises a second implantation species different from the first implantation species, a first gate stack comprising a first gate dielectric layer on the substrate in the first region; and a second gate stack comprising a second gate dielectric layer on the substrate in the second region. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein the first implantation region is a growth promoting region, the second implantation region is a growth slowing region, and the first gate dielectric layer is thicker than the second gate dielectric layer. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 10, wherein
the first gate dielectric layer comprises a first layer and a second layer on the first layer; the second gate dielectric layer comprises a third layer and a fourth layer on the third layer; and the first layer is thicker than the third layer, and the second layer is thicker than the fourth layer. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 12, further comprising a third gate stack having a third gate dielectric layer on the substrate in a third region, wherein the third gate dielectric layer is thicker than the third layer of the second gate dielectric layer and thinner than the second gate dielectric layer. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 13, wherein a surface of the substrate in the third region is free of the first implantation species and the second implantation species. 15. A method of forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a substrate having a first region and a second region; forming a first patterned mask on the substrate in the second region; performing a first implantation process on the substrate in the first region to form a first growth affecting region in a surface of the substrate in the first region; removing the first patterned mask; and performing a thermal oxidation process to form a first gate dielectric layer on the substrate in the first region and a second gate dielectric layer on the substrate in the second region, the first gate dielectric layer and the second gate dielectric layer have different thicknesses. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first growth affecting region is a growth promoting region which promotes a growth of the first gate dielectric layer, such that the first gate dielectric layer is formed to be thicker than the second gate dielectric layer. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the first growth affecting region is a growth slowing region which slows a growth of the first gate dielectric layer, such that the first gate dielectric layer is formed to be thinner than the second gate dielectric layer. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein after removing the first patterned mask and before performing the thermal oxidation process, further comprising:
forming a second patterned mask on the substrate in the first region; performing a second implantation process on the substrate in the second region to from a second growth affecting region in a surface of the substrate in the second region; and removing the second patterned mask, wherein the first implantation process implants a first implantation species into the substrate in the first region, and the first growth affecting region is formed to be a growth promoting region, the second implantation process implants a second implant species into the substrate in the second region, and the second growth affecting region is formed to be a growth slowing region. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the thermal oxidation process is further performed to form a third gate dielectric layer on the substrate in a third region, and the substrate in the third region is blocked during the first implantation process and the second implantation process. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the first patterned mask is further formed on the substrate in a third region, and the thermal oxidation process comprises:
performing a first oxidation process to form a first layer of the first gate dielectric layer, a first layer of the second gate dielectric layer and a third gate dielectric layer on the substrate in the third region; forming a second patterned mask layer on the substrate in the third region; and performing a second oxidation process to form a second layer of the first gate dielectric layer and a second layer of the second gate dielectric layer. | 2,600 |
338,986 | 16,641,964 | 2,637 | Embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems, devices and methods for monitoring dimensional changes in medical devices attached to or implanted in the body, such as wound fillers. Disclosed embodiments may facilitate measuring the degree of wound closure by incorporating conductive elements into the wound filler. In some embodiments, the conductive elements may be conductive filler, a flexible conductive element, or an arrangement of discrete non-flexible conductive elements. The density of conductive material in an area or volume of the wound filler upon wound closure may be detected by a detection device that assesses the local dielectric constant of the wound filler, such as through use of a capacitive plate, or by a detection device that measures the resonant frequency of a conductive element. | 1. A wound therapy system comprising:
a wound filler configured to be at least partially inserted into a wound; a conductive element coupled to the wound filler, wherein a density of the conductive element increases within a detection area of the wound filler upon compression of the wound filler; and a detection device configured to assess a degree of wound closure based on a measurement of the density of the conductive element in the detection area, wherein the density is dependent on the amount of compression of the wound filler. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the measurement comprises a measurement of the dielectric constant of the detection area of the wound filler, and wherein the dielectric constant changes based on a compression of the conductive element as a result of the compression of the wound filler. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the conductive element comprises a conductive filler embedded at least in the detection area of the wound filler. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the conductive element comprises a plurality of conductive elements spaced across at least the detection area of the wound filler. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the wound filler is configured to be compressed in a first direction and not substantially compressed in a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction; the conductive element comprises a plurality of conductive wires, each conductive wire comprising a length extending from a first end to a second end; and the conductive wires are arranged substantially parallel to one another and so that the lengths of the conductive wires extend along the second direction. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the conductive element comprises a substantially flexible conductive element. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the substantially flexible conductive element comprises a conductive strip having a width defining a lateral dimension and a length defining a longitudinal dimension, the conductive strip comprising a conductive wire including a plurality of bends spaced across the length of the conductive strip, wherein at least some of the bends are configured to allow the conductive strip to be compressed or extended along the longitudinal direction such that the density of the conductive wire is increased or decreased along at least a portion of the longitudinal dimension. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the measurement comprises a measurement associated with the resonant frequency of the flexible conductive element. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of bends forms a sinusoidal, serpentine, and/or triangular pattern. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein one or more fixed density conductive elements are coupled to the wound filler, and wherein the density of the one or more fixed density conductive elements does not substantially change upon compression of the wound filler. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the detection device is configured to be calibrated based on the measurement of a detection area comprising the fixed density conductive element. 12. The system of claim 1, further comprising a negative pressure source configured to provide negative pressure to a wound, the negative pressure source configured to be in fluid communication with the wound filler. 13. A method for assessing a degree of wound closure of a wound, the method comprising:
placing a detection device in proximity of a detection area of a wound filler, the wound filler at least partially inserted into the wound, the wound filler comprising a conductive element coupled to the wound filler, wherein a density of the conductive element increases within the detection area of the wound filler upon compression of the wound filler; and using the detection device to make a measurement based on the density of the conductive element in the detection area, wherein the density is dependent on the amount of compression of the wound filler. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising calibrating the detection device by using the detection device to take a calibration measurement over an area of the wound filler comprising a fixed density conductive element, wherein a density of the fixed density conductive element does not change upon compression of the wound filler. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising relating the measurement to a degree or amount of wound closure. 16. A method for assessing a degree of wound closure of a wound, the method comprising, by a detection device:
making a measurement within a detection area of a wound filler at least partially inserted into the wound, the wound filler comprising a conductive element coupled to the wound filler, wherein a density of the conductive element increases within the detection area of the wound filler upon compression of the wound filler comprising the detection area; and based on the measurement, indicating a degree of compression of the wound filler. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein making the measurement comprises applying a voltage to one or more capacitive plates within the detection device, wherein the amount of charge stored on the one or more capacitive plates is configured to be modulated by a dielectric constant of the detection area, and wherein the measurement is reflective of the amount of charge stored on the one or more capacitive plates. 18. The method of claim 16,
wherein the conductive element is a flexible conductive strip having a width defining a lateral dimension and a length defining a longitudinal dimension, the flexible conductive strip comprising a conductive wire comprising a plurality of bends spaced across the length of the flexible conductive strip, wherein at least some of the bends are configured to allow the flexible conductive strip to be compressed or extended along the longitudinal direction such that the density of the conductive wire is increased or decreased along at least a portion of the length of the flexible conductive strip; and wherein making the measurement comprises transmitting a radio wave toward the flexible conductive strip, receiving a radio wave transmitted from the direction of the flexible conductive strip, and measuring the resonant frequency of the flexible conductive strip, the resonant frequency being dependent upon the degree of compression experienced by the flexible conductive strip. 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) | Embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems, devices and methods for monitoring dimensional changes in medical devices attached to or implanted in the body, such as wound fillers. Disclosed embodiments may facilitate measuring the degree of wound closure by incorporating conductive elements into the wound filler. In some embodiments, the conductive elements may be conductive filler, a flexible conductive element, or an arrangement of discrete non-flexible conductive elements. The density of conductive material in an area or volume of the wound filler upon wound closure may be detected by a detection device that assesses the local dielectric constant of the wound filler, such as through use of a capacitive plate, or by a detection device that measures the resonant frequency of a conductive element.1. A wound therapy system comprising:
a wound filler configured to be at least partially inserted into a wound; a conductive element coupled to the wound filler, wherein a density of the conductive element increases within a detection area of the wound filler upon compression of the wound filler; and a detection device configured to assess a degree of wound closure based on a measurement of the density of the conductive element in the detection area, wherein the density is dependent on the amount of compression of the wound filler. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the measurement comprises a measurement of the dielectric constant of the detection area of the wound filler, and wherein the dielectric constant changes based on a compression of the conductive element as a result of the compression of the wound filler. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the conductive element comprises a conductive filler embedded at least in the detection area of the wound filler. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the conductive element comprises a plurality of conductive elements spaced across at least the detection area of the wound filler. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the wound filler is configured to be compressed in a first direction and not substantially compressed in a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction; the conductive element comprises a plurality of conductive wires, each conductive wire comprising a length extending from a first end to a second end; and the conductive wires are arranged substantially parallel to one another and so that the lengths of the conductive wires extend along the second direction. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the conductive element comprises a substantially flexible conductive element. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the substantially flexible conductive element comprises a conductive strip having a width defining a lateral dimension and a length defining a longitudinal dimension, the conductive strip comprising a conductive wire including a plurality of bends spaced across the length of the conductive strip, wherein at least some of the bends are configured to allow the conductive strip to be compressed or extended along the longitudinal direction such that the density of the conductive wire is increased or decreased along at least a portion of the longitudinal dimension. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the measurement comprises a measurement associated with the resonant frequency of the flexible conductive element. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of bends forms a sinusoidal, serpentine, and/or triangular pattern. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein one or more fixed density conductive elements are coupled to the wound filler, and wherein the density of the one or more fixed density conductive elements does not substantially change upon compression of the wound filler. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the detection device is configured to be calibrated based on the measurement of a detection area comprising the fixed density conductive element. 12. The system of claim 1, further comprising a negative pressure source configured to provide negative pressure to a wound, the negative pressure source configured to be in fluid communication with the wound filler. 13. A method for assessing a degree of wound closure of a wound, the method comprising:
placing a detection device in proximity of a detection area of a wound filler, the wound filler at least partially inserted into the wound, the wound filler comprising a conductive element coupled to the wound filler, wherein a density of the conductive element increases within the detection area of the wound filler upon compression of the wound filler; and using the detection device to make a measurement based on the density of the conductive element in the detection area, wherein the density is dependent on the amount of compression of the wound filler. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising calibrating the detection device by using the detection device to take a calibration measurement over an area of the wound filler comprising a fixed density conductive element, wherein a density of the fixed density conductive element does not change upon compression of the wound filler. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising relating the measurement to a degree or amount of wound closure. 16. A method for assessing a degree of wound closure of a wound, the method comprising, by a detection device:
making a measurement within a detection area of a wound filler at least partially inserted into the wound, the wound filler comprising a conductive element coupled to the wound filler, wherein a density of the conductive element increases within the detection area of the wound filler upon compression of the wound filler comprising the detection area; and based on the measurement, indicating a degree of compression of the wound filler. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein making the measurement comprises applying a voltage to one or more capacitive plates within the detection device, wherein the amount of charge stored on the one or more capacitive plates is configured to be modulated by a dielectric constant of the detection area, and wherein the measurement is reflective of the amount of charge stored on the one or more capacitive plates. 18. The method of claim 16,
wherein the conductive element is a flexible conductive strip having a width defining a lateral dimension and a length defining a longitudinal dimension, the flexible conductive strip comprising a conductive wire comprising a plurality of bends spaced across the length of the flexible conductive strip, wherein at least some of the bends are configured to allow the flexible conductive strip to be compressed or extended along the longitudinal direction such that the density of the conductive wire is increased or decreased along at least a portion of the length of the flexible conductive strip; and wherein making the measurement comprises transmitting a radio wave toward the flexible conductive strip, receiving a radio wave transmitted from the direction of the flexible conductive strip, and measuring the resonant frequency of the flexible conductive strip, the resonant frequency being dependent upon the degree of compression experienced by the flexible conductive strip. 19. (canceled) 20. (canceled) | 2,600 |
338,987 | 16,799,853 | 1,793 | Soft plant foods and a method of producing the same are revealed. The method includes steps of (a) providing a plant food; (b) immersing the plant food in a decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution; (c) performing a plurality of instances of high-pressure treatment on the plant food immersed in the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution; (d) allowing the plant food having finished step (c) to react at 40 to 65° C. for 20 to 60 minutes; and (e) applying a pressure of at least 400 MPa on the plant food having finished step (d) for 3 to 10 minutes. The method is effective in speeding up the production process and preventing loss of nutrients of the plant foods. | 1. A method of producing a soft plant food, comprising steps of:
(a) providing a plant food; (b) immersing the plant food in a decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution; (c) performing a plurality of instances of high-pressure treatment on the plant food immersed in the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution, each at 200 to 300 MPa for 5 to 15 seconds; (d) allowing the plant food having finished step (c) to react at 40 to 65° C. for 20 to 60 minutes; and (e) applying a pressure of at least 400 MPa on the plant food having finished step (d) for 3 to 10 minutes. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the plant food immersed in the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution is kept in a vacuum sealed state. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the decomposition-enhancing enzyme is pectin hydrolytic enzyme, cellulose hydrolytic enzyme, or a combination thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution contains 0.05 to 0.5 wt % citric acid. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (c), the high-pressure treatment is performed two to six times. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein, in step (c), the high-pressure treatment is performed five times. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (d), the plant food having finished step (c) is kept in 45° C. environment. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (d), the plant food having finished step (c) reacts for 30 to 40 minutes. 9. A soft plant food, produced by the method of any one of claim 1. 10. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein the soft plant food has a hardness of 1.0×104 N/m2 to 5.0×104 N/m2. 11. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (b), the plant food immersed in the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution is kept in a vacuum sealed state. 12. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (b), the decomposition-enhancing enzyme is pectin hydrolytic enzyme, cellulose hydrolytic enzyme, or a combination thereof. 13. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (b), the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution contains 0.05 to 0.5 wt % citric acid. 14. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (c), the high-pressure treatment is performed two to six times. 15. The soft plant food of claim 14, wherein, in step (c), the high-pressure treatment is performed five times. 16. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (d), the plant food having finished step (c) is kept in 45° C. environment. 17. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (d), the plant food having finished step (c) reacts for 30 to 40 minutes. | Soft plant foods and a method of producing the same are revealed. The method includes steps of (a) providing a plant food; (b) immersing the plant food in a decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution; (c) performing a plurality of instances of high-pressure treatment on the plant food immersed in the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution; (d) allowing the plant food having finished step (c) to react at 40 to 65° C. for 20 to 60 minutes; and (e) applying a pressure of at least 400 MPa on the plant food having finished step (d) for 3 to 10 minutes. The method is effective in speeding up the production process and preventing loss of nutrients of the plant foods.1. A method of producing a soft plant food, comprising steps of:
(a) providing a plant food; (b) immersing the plant food in a decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution; (c) performing a plurality of instances of high-pressure treatment on the plant food immersed in the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution, each at 200 to 300 MPa for 5 to 15 seconds; (d) allowing the plant food having finished step (c) to react at 40 to 65° C. for 20 to 60 minutes; and (e) applying a pressure of at least 400 MPa on the plant food having finished step (d) for 3 to 10 minutes. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the plant food immersed in the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution is kept in a vacuum sealed state. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the decomposition-enhancing enzyme is pectin hydrolytic enzyme, cellulose hydrolytic enzyme, or a combination thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution contains 0.05 to 0.5 wt % citric acid. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (c), the high-pressure treatment is performed two to six times. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein, in step (c), the high-pressure treatment is performed five times. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (d), the plant food having finished step (c) is kept in 45° C. environment. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (d), the plant food having finished step (c) reacts for 30 to 40 minutes. 9. A soft plant food, produced by the method of any one of claim 1. 10. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein the soft plant food has a hardness of 1.0×104 N/m2 to 5.0×104 N/m2. 11. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (b), the plant food immersed in the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution is kept in a vacuum sealed state. 12. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (b), the decomposition-enhancing enzyme is pectin hydrolytic enzyme, cellulose hydrolytic enzyme, or a combination thereof. 13. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (b), the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution contains 0.05 to 0.5 wt % citric acid. 14. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (c), the high-pressure treatment is performed two to six times. 15. The soft plant food of claim 14, wherein, in step (c), the high-pressure treatment is performed five times. 16. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (d), the plant food having finished step (c) is kept in 45° C. environment. 17. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (d), the plant food having finished step (c) reacts for 30 to 40 minutes. | 1,700 |
338,988 | 16,799,857 | 1,793 | Soft plant foods and a method of producing the same are revealed. The method includes steps of (a) providing a plant food; (b) immersing the plant food in a decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution; (c) performing a plurality of instances of high-pressure treatment on the plant food immersed in the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution; (d) allowing the plant food having finished step (c) to react at 40 to 65° C. for 20 to 60 minutes; and (e) applying a pressure of at least 400 MPa on the plant food having finished step (d) for 3 to 10 minutes. The method is effective in speeding up the production process and preventing loss of nutrients of the plant foods. | 1. A method of producing a soft plant food, comprising steps of:
(a) providing a plant food; (b) immersing the plant food in a decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution; (c) performing a plurality of instances of high-pressure treatment on the plant food immersed in the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution, each at 200 to 300 MPa for 5 to 15 seconds; (d) allowing the plant food having finished step (c) to react at 40 to 65° C. for 20 to 60 minutes; and (e) applying a pressure of at least 400 MPa on the plant food having finished step (d) for 3 to 10 minutes. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the plant food immersed in the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution is kept in a vacuum sealed state. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the decomposition-enhancing enzyme is pectin hydrolytic enzyme, cellulose hydrolytic enzyme, or a combination thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution contains 0.05 to 0.5 wt % citric acid. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (c), the high-pressure treatment is performed two to six times. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein, in step (c), the high-pressure treatment is performed five times. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (d), the plant food having finished step (c) is kept in 45° C. environment. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (d), the plant food having finished step (c) reacts for 30 to 40 minutes. 9. A soft plant food, produced by the method of any one of claim 1. 10. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein the soft plant food has a hardness of 1.0×104 N/m2 to 5.0×104 N/m2. 11. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (b), the plant food immersed in the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution is kept in a vacuum sealed state. 12. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (b), the decomposition-enhancing enzyme is pectin hydrolytic enzyme, cellulose hydrolytic enzyme, or a combination thereof. 13. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (b), the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution contains 0.05 to 0.5 wt % citric acid. 14. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (c), the high-pressure treatment is performed two to six times. 15. The soft plant food of claim 14, wherein, in step (c), the high-pressure treatment is performed five times. 16. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (d), the plant food having finished step (c) is kept in 45° C. environment. 17. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (d), the plant food having finished step (c) reacts for 30 to 40 minutes. | Soft plant foods and a method of producing the same are revealed. The method includes steps of (a) providing a plant food; (b) immersing the plant food in a decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution; (c) performing a plurality of instances of high-pressure treatment on the plant food immersed in the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution; (d) allowing the plant food having finished step (c) to react at 40 to 65° C. for 20 to 60 minutes; and (e) applying a pressure of at least 400 MPa on the plant food having finished step (d) for 3 to 10 minutes. The method is effective in speeding up the production process and preventing loss of nutrients of the plant foods.1. A method of producing a soft plant food, comprising steps of:
(a) providing a plant food; (b) immersing the plant food in a decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution; (c) performing a plurality of instances of high-pressure treatment on the plant food immersed in the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution, each at 200 to 300 MPa for 5 to 15 seconds; (d) allowing the plant food having finished step (c) to react at 40 to 65° C. for 20 to 60 minutes; and (e) applying a pressure of at least 400 MPa on the plant food having finished step (d) for 3 to 10 minutes. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the plant food immersed in the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution is kept in a vacuum sealed state. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the decomposition-enhancing enzyme is pectin hydrolytic enzyme, cellulose hydrolytic enzyme, or a combination thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (b), the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution contains 0.05 to 0.5 wt % citric acid. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (c), the high-pressure treatment is performed two to six times. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein, in step (c), the high-pressure treatment is performed five times. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (d), the plant food having finished step (c) is kept in 45° C. environment. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step (d), the plant food having finished step (c) reacts for 30 to 40 minutes. 9. A soft plant food, produced by the method of any one of claim 1. 10. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein the soft plant food has a hardness of 1.0×104 N/m2 to 5.0×104 N/m2. 11. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (b), the plant food immersed in the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution is kept in a vacuum sealed state. 12. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (b), the decomposition-enhancing enzyme is pectin hydrolytic enzyme, cellulose hydrolytic enzyme, or a combination thereof. 13. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (b), the decomposition-enhancing enzyme solution contains 0.05 to 0.5 wt % citric acid. 14. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (c), the high-pressure treatment is performed two to six times. 15. The soft plant food of claim 14, wherein, in step (c), the high-pressure treatment is performed five times. 16. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (d), the plant food having finished step (c) is kept in 45° C. environment. 17. The soft plant food of claim 9, wherein, in step (d), the plant food having finished step (c) reacts for 30 to 40 minutes. | 1,700 |
338,989 | 16,799,851 | 1,793 | A practice assist device (100) specifies a plurality of first frames respectively representing a plurality of scenes constituting a first skill from first sensing data measured by a sensor during a performance of the first skill. The practice assist device (100) specifies a plurality of second frames respectively representing the scenes constituting the first skill from second sensing data measured during another performance of the first skill. The practice assist device (100) displays, for at least one of the scenes, the first frames and the second frames in association with each other. | 1. A non-transitory computer readable recording medium having stored therein a practice assist program that causes a computer to execute a process, the process comprising:
specifying, from first sensing data measured during a performance of a first skill, a plurality of first frames respectively representing a plurality of scenes constituting the first skill; specifying, from second sensing data measured during another performance of the first skill, a plurality of second frames respectively representing the scenes constituting the first skill; and displaying, for at least one of the scenes, the first frames and the second frames in association with each other. 2. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the first sensing data and the second sensing data are data having three-dimensional information on a subject obtained from a distance image sensor, and the displaying displays the first frames and the second frames in association with each other for at least one of the scenes seen from a designated virtual line-of-sight. 3. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium according to claim 2, wherein the displaying displays a first frame and a second frame in such a manner that a difference in posture is able to be grasped based on skeleton data corresponding to the first frame and the second frame where the first frame is a first frame among the first frames and the second frame is a second frame among the second frames and the first frame and the second frame correspond to a specific scene among the scenes. 4. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium according to claim 3, wherein the first sensing data is data on a performance of the first skill before coaching, and the second sensing data is data on a performance of the first skill after coaching. 5. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium according to claim 3, the process further comprising receiving input of a location for additional display on a first frame among the first frames, specifying a second frame that is a frame corresponding to the first frame among the second frames, and specifying a location on the second frame that corresponds to the received location for additional display on the first frame, wherein
the displaying displays the additional display at the specified location on the second frame in a superimposed manner. 6. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium according to claim 2, the process further comprising specifying, based on a transition of first skeleton data corresponding to the first sensing data and a transition of second skeleton data corresponding to the second sensing data, a scene in which a difference between the first skeleton data and the second skeleton data is equal to or more than a predetermined value among the scenes, wherein
the displaying displays the first frames and the second frames in such a manner that timing of the specified scene is able to be grasped. 7. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium according to claim 6, wherein the displaying displays the transition of the first skeleton data and the transition of the second skeleton data together as a single graph. 8. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium according to claim 2, wherein the displaying displays a first scene in the scenes and a second scene next to the first scene in such a manner that a time interval between the first scene and the second scene is able to be grasped based on number of frames between a frame among the first frames that corresponds to the first scene and a frame among the first frames that corresponds to the second scene. 9. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium according to claim 2, the process further comprising determining, in accordance with a difference between a size of a first performer related to the first sensing data and a size of a second performer related to the second sensing data, a size of a three-dimensional model of the second performer in each of the second frames with respect to a size of a three-dimensional model of the first performer, wherein
the displaying displays the three-dimensional model of the first performer and the three-dimensional model of the second performer with the determined size. 10. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium according to claim 9, wherein the first performer and the second performer are different performers. 11. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium according to claim 1, wherein, for each of the scenes, the first frames and the second frames are displayed in association with each other in chronological order. 12. A practice assist method comprising:
specifying, from first sensing data measured during a performance of a first skill, a plurality of first frames respectively representing a plurality of scenes constituting the first skill, using a processor; specifying, from second sensing data measured during another performance of the first skill, a plurality of second frames respectively representing the scenes constituting the first skill, using the processor; and displaying, for at least one of the scenes, the first frames and the second frames in association with each other, using the processor. 13. A practice assist system comprising:
a sensor; and a practice assist device, wherein the practice assist device includes a processor configured to: specify, from first sensing data measured by the sensor during a performance of a first skill, a plurality of first frames respectively representing a plurality of scenes constituting the first skill; specify, from second sensing data measured during another performance of the first skill, a plurality of second frames respectively representing the scenes constituting the first skill; and display, for at least one of the scenes, the first frames and the second frames in association with each other. | A practice assist device (100) specifies a plurality of first frames respectively representing a plurality of scenes constituting a first skill from first sensing data measured by a sensor during a performance of the first skill. The practice assist device (100) specifies a plurality of second frames respectively representing the scenes constituting the first skill from second sensing data measured during another performance of the first skill. The practice assist device (100) displays, for at least one of the scenes, the first frames and the second frames in association with each other.1. A non-transitory computer readable recording medium having stored therein a practice assist program that causes a computer to execute a process, the process comprising:
specifying, from first sensing data measured during a performance of a first skill, a plurality of first frames respectively representing a plurality of scenes constituting the first skill; specifying, from second sensing data measured during another performance of the first skill, a plurality of second frames respectively representing the scenes constituting the first skill; and displaying, for at least one of the scenes, the first frames and the second frames in association with each other. 2. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the first sensing data and the second sensing data are data having three-dimensional information on a subject obtained from a distance image sensor, and the displaying displays the first frames and the second frames in association with each other for at least one of the scenes seen from a designated virtual line-of-sight. 3. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium according to claim 2, wherein the displaying displays a first frame and a second frame in such a manner that a difference in posture is able to be grasped based on skeleton data corresponding to the first frame and the second frame where the first frame is a first frame among the first frames and the second frame is a second frame among the second frames and the first frame and the second frame correspond to a specific scene among the scenes. 4. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium according to claim 3, wherein the first sensing data is data on a performance of the first skill before coaching, and the second sensing data is data on a performance of the first skill after coaching. 5. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium according to claim 3, the process further comprising receiving input of a location for additional display on a first frame among the first frames, specifying a second frame that is a frame corresponding to the first frame among the second frames, and specifying a location on the second frame that corresponds to the received location for additional display on the first frame, wherein
the displaying displays the additional display at the specified location on the second frame in a superimposed manner. 6. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium according to claim 2, the process further comprising specifying, based on a transition of first skeleton data corresponding to the first sensing data and a transition of second skeleton data corresponding to the second sensing data, a scene in which a difference between the first skeleton data and the second skeleton data is equal to or more than a predetermined value among the scenes, wherein
the displaying displays the first frames and the second frames in such a manner that timing of the specified scene is able to be grasped. 7. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium according to claim 6, wherein the displaying displays the transition of the first skeleton data and the transition of the second skeleton data together as a single graph. 8. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium according to claim 2, wherein the displaying displays a first scene in the scenes and a second scene next to the first scene in such a manner that a time interval between the first scene and the second scene is able to be grasped based on number of frames between a frame among the first frames that corresponds to the first scene and a frame among the first frames that corresponds to the second scene. 9. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium according to claim 2, the process further comprising determining, in accordance with a difference between a size of a first performer related to the first sensing data and a size of a second performer related to the second sensing data, a size of a three-dimensional model of the second performer in each of the second frames with respect to a size of a three-dimensional model of the first performer, wherein
the displaying displays the three-dimensional model of the first performer and the three-dimensional model of the second performer with the determined size. 10. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium according to claim 9, wherein the first performer and the second performer are different performers. 11. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium according to claim 1, wherein, for each of the scenes, the first frames and the second frames are displayed in association with each other in chronological order. 12. A practice assist method comprising:
specifying, from first sensing data measured during a performance of a first skill, a plurality of first frames respectively representing a plurality of scenes constituting the first skill, using a processor; specifying, from second sensing data measured during another performance of the first skill, a plurality of second frames respectively representing the scenes constituting the first skill, using the processor; and displaying, for at least one of the scenes, the first frames and the second frames in association with each other, using the processor. 13. A practice assist system comprising:
a sensor; and a practice assist device, wherein the practice assist device includes a processor configured to: specify, from first sensing data measured by the sensor during a performance of a first skill, a plurality of first frames respectively representing a plurality of scenes constituting the first skill; specify, from second sensing data measured during another performance of the first skill, a plurality of second frames respectively representing the scenes constituting the first skill; and display, for at least one of the scenes, the first frames and the second frames in association with each other. | 1,700 |
338,990 | 16,799,864 | 3,783 | A system for refilling a multi-chamber implantable infusion device is presented. The infusion device has a refill chamber which is accessible through an external septum of a refill port. The refill chamber is divided by an inner septum into an upper reservoir and a lower reservoir. The lower refill chamber is refilled with lower reservoir needles having a needle opening axially placed to align with the lower reservoir. The upper reservoir is refilled with an upper reservoir needle having an opening aligned with the upper reservoir. Magnetic portions are provided in the needles to localize and identify the needle. A processor within the infusion device is connected to magnetic field sensors which sense magnetic portions of the needle and recognize information encoded magnetically within the needle. | 1. An implantable infusion device, comprising:
a housing; a refill chamber arranged within the housing, the refill chamber being accessible through a refill port; a self-sealing external septum disposed at the refill port which forms an access opening of an upper chamber in the refill chamber; a self-sealing inner septum disposed within the refill chamber below the external septum which separates the upper chamber from a lower chamber; a sensor arranged at the refill chamber; and a processor operatively connected to the sensor and configured, in response to a signal received from the sensor, to detect a presence of a needle in the refill chamber and to associate a position of a needle opening with the lower chamber or the upper chamber. 2. The implantable infusion device as in claim 1, further comprising a second sensor arranged at the refill chamber, wherein the processor is configured, in response to signals received from the sensor and from the second sensor, to detect the presence of the needle in the refill chamber and to associate the position of the needle opening with the lower chamber or the upper chamber. 3. The implantable infusion device as in claim 2,
wherein the sensor is a contact sensor arranged at a bottom of the refill chamber and wherein the second sensor is a Hall effect sensor arranged within the housing adjacent to the refill chamber. 4. The implantable infusion device as in claim 2,
wherein the sensor and the second sensor are Hall effect sensors arranged within the housing adjacent to the refill chamber. 5. The implantable infusion device as in claim 1,
further comprising a wireless transmitter operatively connected to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to transmit a signal relating to the association of the position of the needle opening with the lower chamber or the upper chamber to an external device. 6. An implantable infusion device, comprising:
a housing; a refill chamber arranged within the housing, the refill chamber being accessible through a refill port; a self-sealing external septum disposed at the refill port which forms an access opening of an upper chamber in the refill chamber; a self-sealing inner septum disposed within the refill chamber below the external septum which separates the upper chamber from a lower chamber; a magnetic field sensor arranged at the refill chamber; and a processor operatively connected to the magnetic field sensor, wherein the processor is configured, in response to a signal received from the magnetic field sensor, to detect a presence of a needle in the refill chamber and to associate, by evaluating an orientation of a magnetic field at the magnetic field sensor, a position of a needle opening with the lower chamber or the upper chamber. 7. A system for refilling an implantable infusion device, comprising:
an implantable infusing device including
a refill chamber arranged within a housing, the refill chamber being accessible through a refill port,
an upper chamber arranged within the refill chamber, the upper chamber being accessible through a self-sealing external septum disposed at the refill port,
a lower chamber arranged within the refill chamber, the lower chamber being separated from the upper chamber by a self-sealing inner septum disposed within the refill chamber, a magnetic field sensor disposed at a distance (dsensor) from a bottom of the refill chamber, and
a processor operatively connected to the magnetic field sensor;
a refill needle including
an elongated body extending from a proximal end to a distal end including a magnetic portion arranged at a distance (dmagnet) from the distal end,
a needle opening in fluid connection with the proximal end, the needle opening being arranged at a distance from the distal end of the elongated body; and
a user interface device in wireless communication with the implantable infusion device, wherein 0.5*dmagnet≤dsensor≤1.6*dmagnet or 0.75*dmagnet≤dsensor≤1.5*dmagnet or 1.0*dmagnet≤dsensor≤1.3*dmagnet, wherein the processor is configured, in response to a signal received from the magnetic field sensor, to associate a position of the needle opening with the lower chamber or the upper chamber, and wherein the user interface device is configured to indicate the position of the needle opening in the upper chamber or the lower chamber. 8. The system as in claim 7,
wherein the processor is configured to recognize a correctly inserted needle if a magnetic field having a field strength above a lower threshold is detected by the magnetic field sensor, and wherein the processor is configured to associate a position of the needle opening with the lower chamber or the upper chamber depending on an orientation of a magnetic field in the magnetic portion. 9. The system as in claim 7, further comprising a refill container filled with a therapeutic agent inseparably connected at the proximal end of the elongated body. 10. The system as in claim 7, wherein the magnetic field sensor is a Hall effect sensor. 11. The system as in claim 7,
wherein the implantable infusing device further includes a second magnetic field sensor disposed at a distance (dsensor2) from the bottom of the refill chamber, wherein the elongated body of the refill needle includes a second magnetic portion arranged at a distance (dmagnet2) from the distal end, wherein 0.5*dmagnet2≤dsensor2≤2.0*dmagnet2 or 0.75*dmagnet2≤dsensor2≤1.7*dmagnet2 or 1.0*dmagnet2≤dsensor2≤1.5*dmagnet2, and wherein the processor is configured to communicate information relating to an orientation of a first magnetic field in the magnetic portion and an orientation of a second magnetic field in the second magnetic portion. 12. A refill needle for an implantable infusion device, comprising:
an elongated body extending from a proximal end to a distal end including a first magnetic portion arranged at a distance (dmagnet1) from the distal end, wherein the first magnetic portion has a selectable first magnetic field orientation or second magnetic field orientation to encode a first bit of information. 13. The refill needle as in claim 12, wherein the first magnetic field is axially oriented with magnetic poles axially spaced from one another. 14. The refill needle as in claim 12, wherein the first magnetic field is radially oriented with magnetic poles arranged radially inwardly and outwardly of one another. 15. The refill needle as in claim 12, wherein the first magnetic field is diametrically oriented with magnetic poles arranged circumferentially opposite one another. 16. The refill needle as in claim 12, wherein the elongated body is made of molded plastic and wherein the first magnetic portion is formed by a permanent magnet overmolded within the plastic. 17. The refill needle as in claim 12, wherein the elongated body includes a plurality of two or more magnetic portions, each of the two or more magnetic portions being selectively magnetic in a first magnetic field orientation or a second magnetic field orientation to store one bit of information. 18. The refill needle as in claim 12, wherein the elongated body includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced openings arranged at a first distance (d1) or at a second distance (du) from a distal end of the elongated body. 19. The refill needle as in claim 12, wherein the elongated body includes a first fluid channel which extends from a proximal end to an opening at a
distance (d1) from the distal end of the elongated body and a second fluid channel which extends from a proximal end to an opening at a distance (du) from the distal end of the elongated body, with du being greater than d1. 20. A method for refilling a multiple-reservoir infusion pump with therapeutic agents, comprising:
selecting a first therapeutic agent to be filled into a first reservoir of a multiple-reservoir infusion pump; selecting a second therapeutic agent to be filled into an second reservoir of the multiple-reservoir infusion pump; coupling a first refill container with the first therapeutic agent with a first refill needle, the first refill needle having a first needle opening arranged at a first distance (d1) from a distal end of the refill needle which, when the first refill needle is fully inserted into a refill port of the multiple-reservoir infusion pump, is in fluid communication with the first reservoir; inserting the first refill needle into the refill port; delivering the first therapeutic agent from the first refill container into the first reservoir; coupling a second refill container with the second therapeutic agent with a second refill needle, the second refill needle having a second needle opening arranged at a second distance (du) from the distal end of the refill needle which, when the second refill needle is fully inserted into the refill port of the multiple-reservoir infusion pump, is in fluid communication with the second reservoir; inserting the second refill needle into the refill port; and delivering the second therapeutic agent from the second refill container into the second reservoir. 21. The method as in claim 20, further comprising:
determining, with a magnetic field sensor arranged at the refill port, an orientation of a magnetic field within a magnetic portion of the first refill needle and the second refill needle and distinguishing, based on the orientation of the magnetic field, the first refill needle from the second refill needle. 22. The method as in claim 21, further comprising:
determining, with the magnetic field sensor, presence of a magnetic field stronger than a maximum allowable threshold, and disabling the multiple-reservoir infusion pump in response to detecting the magnetic field stronger than the maximum allowable threshold. 23. The method as in claim 21, further comprising:
performing an initialization measurement to determine a reference measurement value of the magnetic field sensor. 24. The method as in claim 20, further comprising:
determining, with a number of two or more magnetic field sensors axially spaced at the refill port, the orientation of an equal number of two or more magnetic fields within magnetic portions of the first refill needle and the second refill needle; associating information retrieved from the two or more magnetic field sensors through a look-up table; and communicating information retrieved from the look-up table to an external user interface device. 25. The method as in claim 24, wherein the external user interface device is a smartphone, a computer, or a tablet computer. 26. The method as in claim 24, wherein the external user interface device provides a real-time indication which of the lower and upper reservoir is being refilled. | A system for refilling a multi-chamber implantable infusion device is presented. The infusion device has a refill chamber which is accessible through an external septum of a refill port. The refill chamber is divided by an inner septum into an upper reservoir and a lower reservoir. The lower refill chamber is refilled with lower reservoir needles having a needle opening axially placed to align with the lower reservoir. The upper reservoir is refilled with an upper reservoir needle having an opening aligned with the upper reservoir. Magnetic portions are provided in the needles to localize and identify the needle. A processor within the infusion device is connected to magnetic field sensors which sense magnetic portions of the needle and recognize information encoded magnetically within the needle.1. An implantable infusion device, comprising:
a housing; a refill chamber arranged within the housing, the refill chamber being accessible through a refill port; a self-sealing external septum disposed at the refill port which forms an access opening of an upper chamber in the refill chamber; a self-sealing inner septum disposed within the refill chamber below the external septum which separates the upper chamber from a lower chamber; a sensor arranged at the refill chamber; and a processor operatively connected to the sensor and configured, in response to a signal received from the sensor, to detect a presence of a needle in the refill chamber and to associate a position of a needle opening with the lower chamber or the upper chamber. 2. The implantable infusion device as in claim 1, further comprising a second sensor arranged at the refill chamber, wherein the processor is configured, in response to signals received from the sensor and from the second sensor, to detect the presence of the needle in the refill chamber and to associate the position of the needle opening with the lower chamber or the upper chamber. 3. The implantable infusion device as in claim 2,
wherein the sensor is a contact sensor arranged at a bottom of the refill chamber and wherein the second sensor is a Hall effect sensor arranged within the housing adjacent to the refill chamber. 4. The implantable infusion device as in claim 2,
wherein the sensor and the second sensor are Hall effect sensors arranged within the housing adjacent to the refill chamber. 5. The implantable infusion device as in claim 1,
further comprising a wireless transmitter operatively connected to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to transmit a signal relating to the association of the position of the needle opening with the lower chamber or the upper chamber to an external device. 6. An implantable infusion device, comprising:
a housing; a refill chamber arranged within the housing, the refill chamber being accessible through a refill port; a self-sealing external septum disposed at the refill port which forms an access opening of an upper chamber in the refill chamber; a self-sealing inner septum disposed within the refill chamber below the external septum which separates the upper chamber from a lower chamber; a magnetic field sensor arranged at the refill chamber; and a processor operatively connected to the magnetic field sensor, wherein the processor is configured, in response to a signal received from the magnetic field sensor, to detect a presence of a needle in the refill chamber and to associate, by evaluating an orientation of a magnetic field at the magnetic field sensor, a position of a needle opening with the lower chamber or the upper chamber. 7. A system for refilling an implantable infusion device, comprising:
an implantable infusing device including
a refill chamber arranged within a housing, the refill chamber being accessible through a refill port,
an upper chamber arranged within the refill chamber, the upper chamber being accessible through a self-sealing external septum disposed at the refill port,
a lower chamber arranged within the refill chamber, the lower chamber being separated from the upper chamber by a self-sealing inner septum disposed within the refill chamber, a magnetic field sensor disposed at a distance (dsensor) from a bottom of the refill chamber, and
a processor operatively connected to the magnetic field sensor;
a refill needle including
an elongated body extending from a proximal end to a distal end including a magnetic portion arranged at a distance (dmagnet) from the distal end,
a needle opening in fluid connection with the proximal end, the needle opening being arranged at a distance from the distal end of the elongated body; and
a user interface device in wireless communication with the implantable infusion device, wherein 0.5*dmagnet≤dsensor≤1.6*dmagnet or 0.75*dmagnet≤dsensor≤1.5*dmagnet or 1.0*dmagnet≤dsensor≤1.3*dmagnet, wherein the processor is configured, in response to a signal received from the magnetic field sensor, to associate a position of the needle opening with the lower chamber or the upper chamber, and wherein the user interface device is configured to indicate the position of the needle opening in the upper chamber or the lower chamber. 8. The system as in claim 7,
wherein the processor is configured to recognize a correctly inserted needle if a magnetic field having a field strength above a lower threshold is detected by the magnetic field sensor, and wherein the processor is configured to associate a position of the needle opening with the lower chamber or the upper chamber depending on an orientation of a magnetic field in the magnetic portion. 9. The system as in claim 7, further comprising a refill container filled with a therapeutic agent inseparably connected at the proximal end of the elongated body. 10. The system as in claim 7, wherein the magnetic field sensor is a Hall effect sensor. 11. The system as in claim 7,
wherein the implantable infusing device further includes a second magnetic field sensor disposed at a distance (dsensor2) from the bottom of the refill chamber, wherein the elongated body of the refill needle includes a second magnetic portion arranged at a distance (dmagnet2) from the distal end, wherein 0.5*dmagnet2≤dsensor2≤2.0*dmagnet2 or 0.75*dmagnet2≤dsensor2≤1.7*dmagnet2 or 1.0*dmagnet2≤dsensor2≤1.5*dmagnet2, and wherein the processor is configured to communicate information relating to an orientation of a first magnetic field in the magnetic portion and an orientation of a second magnetic field in the second magnetic portion. 12. A refill needle for an implantable infusion device, comprising:
an elongated body extending from a proximal end to a distal end including a first magnetic portion arranged at a distance (dmagnet1) from the distal end, wherein the first magnetic portion has a selectable first magnetic field orientation or second magnetic field orientation to encode a first bit of information. 13. The refill needle as in claim 12, wherein the first magnetic field is axially oriented with magnetic poles axially spaced from one another. 14. The refill needle as in claim 12, wherein the first magnetic field is radially oriented with magnetic poles arranged radially inwardly and outwardly of one another. 15. The refill needle as in claim 12, wherein the first magnetic field is diametrically oriented with magnetic poles arranged circumferentially opposite one another. 16. The refill needle as in claim 12, wherein the elongated body is made of molded plastic and wherein the first magnetic portion is formed by a permanent magnet overmolded within the plastic. 17. The refill needle as in claim 12, wherein the elongated body includes a plurality of two or more magnetic portions, each of the two or more magnetic portions being selectively magnetic in a first magnetic field orientation or a second magnetic field orientation to store one bit of information. 18. The refill needle as in claim 12, wherein the elongated body includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced openings arranged at a first distance (d1) or at a second distance (du) from a distal end of the elongated body. 19. The refill needle as in claim 12, wherein the elongated body includes a first fluid channel which extends from a proximal end to an opening at a
distance (d1) from the distal end of the elongated body and a second fluid channel which extends from a proximal end to an opening at a distance (du) from the distal end of the elongated body, with du being greater than d1. 20. A method for refilling a multiple-reservoir infusion pump with therapeutic agents, comprising:
selecting a first therapeutic agent to be filled into a first reservoir of a multiple-reservoir infusion pump; selecting a second therapeutic agent to be filled into an second reservoir of the multiple-reservoir infusion pump; coupling a first refill container with the first therapeutic agent with a first refill needle, the first refill needle having a first needle opening arranged at a first distance (d1) from a distal end of the refill needle which, when the first refill needle is fully inserted into a refill port of the multiple-reservoir infusion pump, is in fluid communication with the first reservoir; inserting the first refill needle into the refill port; delivering the first therapeutic agent from the first refill container into the first reservoir; coupling a second refill container with the second therapeutic agent with a second refill needle, the second refill needle having a second needle opening arranged at a second distance (du) from the distal end of the refill needle which, when the second refill needle is fully inserted into the refill port of the multiple-reservoir infusion pump, is in fluid communication with the second reservoir; inserting the second refill needle into the refill port; and delivering the second therapeutic agent from the second refill container into the second reservoir. 21. The method as in claim 20, further comprising:
determining, with a magnetic field sensor arranged at the refill port, an orientation of a magnetic field within a magnetic portion of the first refill needle and the second refill needle and distinguishing, based on the orientation of the magnetic field, the first refill needle from the second refill needle. 22. The method as in claim 21, further comprising:
determining, with the magnetic field sensor, presence of a magnetic field stronger than a maximum allowable threshold, and disabling the multiple-reservoir infusion pump in response to detecting the magnetic field stronger than the maximum allowable threshold. 23. The method as in claim 21, further comprising:
performing an initialization measurement to determine a reference measurement value of the magnetic field sensor. 24. The method as in claim 20, further comprising:
determining, with a number of two or more magnetic field sensors axially spaced at the refill port, the orientation of an equal number of two or more magnetic fields within magnetic portions of the first refill needle and the second refill needle; associating information retrieved from the two or more magnetic field sensors through a look-up table; and communicating information retrieved from the look-up table to an external user interface device. 25. The method as in claim 24, wherein the external user interface device is a smartphone, a computer, or a tablet computer. 26. The method as in claim 24, wherein the external user interface device provides a real-time indication which of the lower and upper reservoir is being refilled. | 3,700 |
338,991 | 16,799,852 | 3,783 | A hinge module including a first bracket, a linking rod, and a second bracket. A first rotating shaft is disposed on the first bracket. The linking rod has a first end and a second end opposite to each other. The first end is pivoted to the first rotating shaft. A second rotating shaft is disposed on the second bracket and movably and pivotably connected to the first bracket. The second end of the linking rod is pivoted to the second bracket. In a process where the first bracket and the second bracket are rotated relatively, the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are moved close to or away from each other. A portable electronic device is also disclosed. | 1. A hinge module, adapted for a portable electronic device, the hinge module comprising:
a first bracket; a first rotating shaft, disposed on the first bracket; a linking rod, having a first end and a second end opposite to each other, wherein the first end is pivoted to the first rotating shaft; a second bracket; and a second rotating shaft, disposed on the second bracket, wherein the second rotating shaft is movably and pivotably connected to the first bracket, the second end of the linking rod is pivoted to the second bracket, and in a process where the first bracket and the second bracket are rotated relatively, the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are moved close to or away from each other. 2. The hinge module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first bracket further comprises a track, the second rotating shaft is movably and pivotably coupled to the track, the first rotating shaft is adjacent to an end of the track, and the second rotating shaft is moved close to or away from the first rotating shaft along the track. 3. The hinge module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second bracket has an extending part, the second rotating shaft penetrates through the extending part, and a shaft direction of the second rotating shaft is orthogonal to a plane where the extending part is located. 4. The hinge module as claimed in claim 3, wherein the linking rod is arranged as a coupling structure at the second end, and the extending part is pivotably engaged in the coupling structure. 5. The hinge module as claimed in claim 1, wherein a shaft direction of the first rotating shaft is parallel to a shaft direction of the second rotating shaft. 6. The hinge module as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a torque assembly disposed on the second rotating shaft and pressed against the second bracket. 7. The hinge module as claimed in claim 1, wherein a rotating direction of the first rotating shaft is opposite to a rotating direction of the second rotating shaft. 8. A portable electronic device, comprising:
a first device body; a first bracket, assembled to the first device body; a first rotating shaft, disposed on the first bracket; a linking rod, having a first end and a second end opposite to each other, wherein the first end is pivoted to the first rotating shaft; a second device body; and a second bracket, assembled to the second device body; a second rotating shaft, disposed on the second bracket, wherein the second rotating shaft is movably and pivotably connected to the first bracket, the second end of the linking rod is pivoted to the second bracket, and in a process where the first device body and the second device body are rotated relatively, the first bracket and the second bracket are rotated relatively following the first device body and the second device body, and the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are moved close to or away from each other. 9. The portable electronic device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the first bracket further comprises a track, the second rotating shaft is pivotably coupled to the track, the first rotating shaft is adjacent to an end of the track, and the second rotating shaft is moved close to or away from the first rotating shaft along the track. 10. The portable electronic device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the second bracket has an extending part, the second rotating shaft penetrates through the extending part, and a shaft direction of the second rotating shaft is orthogonal to a plane where the extending part is located. 11. The portable electronic device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the linking rod is arranged as a coupling structure at the second end, and the extending part is pivotably engaged in the coupling structure. 12. The portable electronic device as claimed in claim 8, wherein a shaft direction of the first rotating shaft is parallel to a shaft direction of the second rotating shaft. 13. The portable electronic device as claimed in claim 8, further comprising a torque assembly disposed on the second rotating shaft. 14. The portable electronic device as claimed in claim 8, wherein a rotating direction of the first rotating shaft is opposite to a rotating direction of the second rotating shaft. 15. The portable electronic device as claimed in claim 8, wherein when the first device body and the second device body are folded and closed with respect to each other, a distance between the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft has a maximum value, and in a process where the first device body and the second device body are expanded with respect to each other, the second rotating shaft is moved to the first rotating shaft. | A hinge module including a first bracket, a linking rod, and a second bracket. A first rotating shaft is disposed on the first bracket. The linking rod has a first end and a second end opposite to each other. The first end is pivoted to the first rotating shaft. A second rotating shaft is disposed on the second bracket and movably and pivotably connected to the first bracket. The second end of the linking rod is pivoted to the second bracket. In a process where the first bracket and the second bracket are rotated relatively, the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are moved close to or away from each other. A portable electronic device is also disclosed.1. A hinge module, adapted for a portable electronic device, the hinge module comprising:
a first bracket; a first rotating shaft, disposed on the first bracket; a linking rod, having a first end and a second end opposite to each other, wherein the first end is pivoted to the first rotating shaft; a second bracket; and a second rotating shaft, disposed on the second bracket, wherein the second rotating shaft is movably and pivotably connected to the first bracket, the second end of the linking rod is pivoted to the second bracket, and in a process where the first bracket and the second bracket are rotated relatively, the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are moved close to or away from each other. 2. The hinge module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first bracket further comprises a track, the second rotating shaft is movably and pivotably coupled to the track, the first rotating shaft is adjacent to an end of the track, and the second rotating shaft is moved close to or away from the first rotating shaft along the track. 3. The hinge module as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second bracket has an extending part, the second rotating shaft penetrates through the extending part, and a shaft direction of the second rotating shaft is orthogonal to a plane where the extending part is located. 4. The hinge module as claimed in claim 3, wherein the linking rod is arranged as a coupling structure at the second end, and the extending part is pivotably engaged in the coupling structure. 5. The hinge module as claimed in claim 1, wherein a shaft direction of the first rotating shaft is parallel to a shaft direction of the second rotating shaft. 6. The hinge module as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a torque assembly disposed on the second rotating shaft and pressed against the second bracket. 7. The hinge module as claimed in claim 1, wherein a rotating direction of the first rotating shaft is opposite to a rotating direction of the second rotating shaft. 8. A portable electronic device, comprising:
a first device body; a first bracket, assembled to the first device body; a first rotating shaft, disposed on the first bracket; a linking rod, having a first end and a second end opposite to each other, wherein the first end is pivoted to the first rotating shaft; a second device body; and a second bracket, assembled to the second device body; a second rotating shaft, disposed on the second bracket, wherein the second rotating shaft is movably and pivotably connected to the first bracket, the second end of the linking rod is pivoted to the second bracket, and in a process where the first device body and the second device body are rotated relatively, the first bracket and the second bracket are rotated relatively following the first device body and the second device body, and the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are moved close to or away from each other. 9. The portable electronic device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the first bracket further comprises a track, the second rotating shaft is pivotably coupled to the track, the first rotating shaft is adjacent to an end of the track, and the second rotating shaft is moved close to or away from the first rotating shaft along the track. 10. The portable electronic device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the second bracket has an extending part, the second rotating shaft penetrates through the extending part, and a shaft direction of the second rotating shaft is orthogonal to a plane where the extending part is located. 11. The portable electronic device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the linking rod is arranged as a coupling structure at the second end, and the extending part is pivotably engaged in the coupling structure. 12. The portable electronic device as claimed in claim 8, wherein a shaft direction of the first rotating shaft is parallel to a shaft direction of the second rotating shaft. 13. The portable electronic device as claimed in claim 8, further comprising a torque assembly disposed on the second rotating shaft. 14. The portable electronic device as claimed in claim 8, wherein a rotating direction of the first rotating shaft is opposite to a rotating direction of the second rotating shaft. 15. The portable electronic device as claimed in claim 8, wherein when the first device body and the second device body are folded and closed with respect to each other, a distance between the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft has a maximum value, and in a process where the first device body and the second device body are expanded with respect to each other, the second rotating shaft is moved to the first rotating shaft. | 3,700 |
338,992 | 16,799,859 | 3,783 | A method of manufacturing a semiconductor structure includes: receiving a substrate having an active region and a non-active region adjacent to the active region; forming an etch stop layer over the non-active region of the substrate, in which the etch stop layer is oxide-free; forming an isolation over the etch stop layer; removing a portion of the active region and a portion of the isolation to form a first trench in the active region and a second trench over the etch stop layer, respectively, in which a thickness of the etch stop layer beneath the second trench is greater than a depth difference between the first trench and the second trench; forming a dielectric layer in the first trench; and filling a conductive material on the dielectric layer in the first trench and in the second trench. A semiconductor structure is also provided. | 1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. A semiconductor structure, comprising:
a substrate having an active region and a non-active region adjacent to the active region, wherein the active region has a first trench; a buried gate electrode disposed in the first trench; a gate dielectric layer interposed between the buried gate electrode and the first trench; an oxide-free dielectric material disposed over the non-active region of the substrate; and a word line disposed over a portion of the oxide-free dielectric material, wherein a thickness of the oxide-free dielectric material beneath the word line is greater than a depth difference between the buried gate electrode and the word line. 6. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, further comprising:
an isolation disposed over another portion of the oxide-free dielectric material and laterally adjacent to the word line. 7. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, wherein the oxide-free dielectric material comprises nitride, carbon or a combination thereof. 8. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, wherein the gate dielectric layer is further interposed between the oxide-free dielectric material and the word line. 9. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, further comprising:
a pad oxide layer interposed between the substrate and the oxide-free dielectric material. 10. The semiconductor structure of claim 9, wherein the pad oxide layer is further interposed between the substrate and the word line. 11. The semiconductor structure of claim 9, wherein the oxide-free dielectric material is in contact with the pad oxide layer. 12. The semiconductor structure of claim 9, wherein the oxide-free dielectric material is in contact with bottom of the pad oxide layer. 13. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, wherein the gate dielectric layer is further disposed on and in contact with the portion of the oxide-free dielectric material. 14. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, wherein the non-active region surrounds the active region, and the active region is island-shaped. 15. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, wherein the active region has a height higher than a height of the non-active region. 16. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, wherein the oxide-free dielectric material comprises silicon nitride. 17. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, wherein the oxide-free dielectric material comprises silicon carbon nitride. 18. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, wherein the word line is deeper than the buried gate electrode. 19. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, further comprising:
a capping layer over the buried gate electrode and the word line. 20. The semiconductor structure of claim 8, wherein the gate dielectric layer interposed between the buried gate electrode and the first trench is thicker than the gate dielectric layer interposed between the oxide-free dielectric material and the word line. | A method of manufacturing a semiconductor structure includes: receiving a substrate having an active region and a non-active region adjacent to the active region; forming an etch stop layer over the non-active region of the substrate, in which the etch stop layer is oxide-free; forming an isolation over the etch stop layer; removing a portion of the active region and a portion of the isolation to form a first trench in the active region and a second trench over the etch stop layer, respectively, in which a thickness of the etch stop layer beneath the second trench is greater than a depth difference between the first trench and the second trench; forming a dielectric layer in the first trench; and filling a conductive material on the dielectric layer in the first trench and in the second trench. A semiconductor structure is also provided.1. (canceled) 2. (canceled) 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. A semiconductor structure, comprising:
a substrate having an active region and a non-active region adjacent to the active region, wherein the active region has a first trench; a buried gate electrode disposed in the first trench; a gate dielectric layer interposed between the buried gate electrode and the first trench; an oxide-free dielectric material disposed over the non-active region of the substrate; and a word line disposed over a portion of the oxide-free dielectric material, wherein a thickness of the oxide-free dielectric material beneath the word line is greater than a depth difference between the buried gate electrode and the word line. 6. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, further comprising:
an isolation disposed over another portion of the oxide-free dielectric material and laterally adjacent to the word line. 7. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, wherein the oxide-free dielectric material comprises nitride, carbon or a combination thereof. 8. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, wherein the gate dielectric layer is further interposed between the oxide-free dielectric material and the word line. 9. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, further comprising:
a pad oxide layer interposed between the substrate and the oxide-free dielectric material. 10. The semiconductor structure of claim 9, wherein the pad oxide layer is further interposed between the substrate and the word line. 11. The semiconductor structure of claim 9, wherein the oxide-free dielectric material is in contact with the pad oxide layer. 12. The semiconductor structure of claim 9, wherein the oxide-free dielectric material is in contact with bottom of the pad oxide layer. 13. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, wherein the gate dielectric layer is further disposed on and in contact with the portion of the oxide-free dielectric material. 14. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, wherein the non-active region surrounds the active region, and the active region is island-shaped. 15. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, wherein the active region has a height higher than a height of the non-active region. 16. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, wherein the oxide-free dielectric material comprises silicon nitride. 17. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, wherein the oxide-free dielectric material comprises silicon carbon nitride. 18. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, wherein the word line is deeper than the buried gate electrode. 19. The semiconductor structure of claim 5, further comprising:
a capping layer over the buried gate electrode and the word line. 20. The semiconductor structure of claim 8, wherein the gate dielectric layer interposed between the buried gate electrode and the first trench is thicker than the gate dielectric layer interposed between the oxide-free dielectric material and the word line. | 3,700 |
338,993 | 16,799,862 | 3,732 | The present invention is referred to as a Lego-style system for football or other athletic sports footwear. The Lego style system may join, snap, combine, and connect to form limitless options based on individual footing profiles. The tracking system may snap to the railing tracts molded underneath the athletic shoe that they utilize. | 1. A shoe sole structure comprising using Rail Cushion Tracts 1. An improved design for an athletic shoe sole as described in claim 1, less possibility of the shoes to sink into the turf thereby avoiding injury to the users. 2. An improved design for an athletic shoe sole as described in claim 1, air cushion bubbles absorbs shock and provides even weight distribution. 3. An improved design for an athletic shoe sole as described in claim 1, increased balance, stability, and traction to body movement. 4. An improved design for an athletic shoe sole as described in claim 1, decreased chances of impairment due to ebb and flow, cuts, pivots, etc. from the turf. 5. An improved design for an athletic shoe sole as described in claim 1, stabilize extreme pressure points of feet which would enhance flexibility, durability, function of the athlete as well as the shoe. 6. An improved design for an athletic shoe sole as described in claim 1, overall increase in athlete safety. | The present invention is referred to as a Lego-style system for football or other athletic sports footwear. The Lego style system may join, snap, combine, and connect to form limitless options based on individual footing profiles. The tracking system may snap to the railing tracts molded underneath the athletic shoe that they utilize.1. A shoe sole structure comprising using Rail Cushion Tracts 1. An improved design for an athletic shoe sole as described in claim 1, less possibility of the shoes to sink into the turf thereby avoiding injury to the users. 2. An improved design for an athletic shoe sole as described in claim 1, air cushion bubbles absorbs shock and provides even weight distribution. 3. An improved design for an athletic shoe sole as described in claim 1, increased balance, stability, and traction to body movement. 4. An improved design for an athletic shoe sole as described in claim 1, decreased chances of impairment due to ebb and flow, cuts, pivots, etc. from the turf. 5. An improved design for an athletic shoe sole as described in claim 1, stabilize extreme pressure points of feet which would enhance flexibility, durability, function of the athlete as well as the shoe. 6. An improved design for an athletic shoe sole as described in claim 1, overall increase in athlete safety. | 3,700 |
338,994 | 16,799,869 | 3,783 | Introducer sheaths are described. In one embodiment, an introducer sheath comprises a sheath hub, a fixed housing coupled to the sheath hub, a rotating element rotatably coupled to the fixed housing, a sheath tube fixedly coupled to the rotating element, and a lock coupled to the rotating element. The lock is capable of preventing the rotating element and the sheath tube from rotating with respect to the sheath hub. | 1. An introducer sheath, comprising:
a sheath hub; a fixed housing coupled to the sheath hub; a rotating element rotatably coupled to the fixed housing; a sheath tube fixedly coupled to the rotating element; and a lock coupled to the rotating element, the lock capable of preventing the rotating element and the sheath tube from rotating with respect to the sheath hub. 2. The introducer sheath of claim 1, wherein the sheath hub includes a side port. 3. The introducer sheath of claim 1, wherein the sheath tube includes a curved tip. 4. The introducer sheath of claim 1, wherein a proximal portion of the fixed housing is fixedly coupled to a distal portion of the sheath hub. 5. The introducer sheath of claim 1, wherein a proximal portion of the sheath tube is coupled to a distal portion of the rotating element. 6. The introducer sheath of claim 1, wherein a lumen of the rotating element is in fluid communication with a main lumen of the sheath hub. 7. The introducer sheath of claim 1, wherein a lumen of the sheath tube is in fluid communication with a lumen of the rotating element. 8. The introducer sheath of claim 1, wherein the rotating element includes a slide segment, and the lock includes a slide bore. 9. The introducer sheath of claim 8, wherein the slide segment and the slide bore have transverse cross sections that are non-circular. 10. The introducer sheath of claim 8, wherein the slide segment and the slide bore have cross sections that are hexagonal. 11. The introducer sheath of claim 8, wherein the slide segment is configured to slidably engage with the slide bore. 12. The introducer sheath of claim 8, wherein the lock is configured to be slide along the slide segment through the slide bore. 13. The introducer sheath of claim 1, wherein the fixed housing includes a first locking surface, and the lock includes a second locking surface. 14. The introducer sheath of claim 13, wherein the first locking surface and the second locking surface are tapered. 15. The introducer sheath of claim 13, wherein the lock has an unlocked position configured to allow the rotating element and the sheath tube to rotate, and the lock has a locked position configured to prevent the rotating element and the sheath tube from rotating. 16. The introducer sheath of claim 15, wherein the first locking surface is configured not to contact the second locking surface when the lock is in the unlocked position. 17. The introducer sheath of claim 15, wherein the first locking surface is configured to form an interference fit with the second locking surface when the lock is in the locked position. 18. The introducer sheath of claim 1, further comprising a marker coupled to the lock, the marker aligned with the curved tip. 19. An introducer sheath, comprising:
a sheath hub; a fixed housing coupled to the sheath hub; a rotating element rotatably coupled to the fixed housing; a sheath tube fixedly coupled to the rotating element; and a locking means coupled to the rotating element, the locking means capable of preventing the rotating element and the sheath tube from rotating with respect to the sheath hub. 20. A method of using an introducer sheath, the method comprising:
rotating a sheath tube with respect to a sheath hub, the sheath tube rotatably coupled to the sheath hub; and locking the sheath tube to prevent the sheath tube from rotating with respect to the sheath hub. | Introducer sheaths are described. In one embodiment, an introducer sheath comprises a sheath hub, a fixed housing coupled to the sheath hub, a rotating element rotatably coupled to the fixed housing, a sheath tube fixedly coupled to the rotating element, and a lock coupled to the rotating element. The lock is capable of preventing the rotating element and the sheath tube from rotating with respect to the sheath hub.1. An introducer sheath, comprising:
a sheath hub; a fixed housing coupled to the sheath hub; a rotating element rotatably coupled to the fixed housing; a sheath tube fixedly coupled to the rotating element; and a lock coupled to the rotating element, the lock capable of preventing the rotating element and the sheath tube from rotating with respect to the sheath hub. 2. The introducer sheath of claim 1, wherein the sheath hub includes a side port. 3. The introducer sheath of claim 1, wherein the sheath tube includes a curved tip. 4. The introducer sheath of claim 1, wherein a proximal portion of the fixed housing is fixedly coupled to a distal portion of the sheath hub. 5. The introducer sheath of claim 1, wherein a proximal portion of the sheath tube is coupled to a distal portion of the rotating element. 6. The introducer sheath of claim 1, wherein a lumen of the rotating element is in fluid communication with a main lumen of the sheath hub. 7. The introducer sheath of claim 1, wherein a lumen of the sheath tube is in fluid communication with a lumen of the rotating element. 8. The introducer sheath of claim 1, wherein the rotating element includes a slide segment, and the lock includes a slide bore. 9. The introducer sheath of claim 8, wherein the slide segment and the slide bore have transverse cross sections that are non-circular. 10. The introducer sheath of claim 8, wherein the slide segment and the slide bore have cross sections that are hexagonal. 11. The introducer sheath of claim 8, wherein the slide segment is configured to slidably engage with the slide bore. 12. The introducer sheath of claim 8, wherein the lock is configured to be slide along the slide segment through the slide bore. 13. The introducer sheath of claim 1, wherein the fixed housing includes a first locking surface, and the lock includes a second locking surface. 14. The introducer sheath of claim 13, wherein the first locking surface and the second locking surface are tapered. 15. The introducer sheath of claim 13, wherein the lock has an unlocked position configured to allow the rotating element and the sheath tube to rotate, and the lock has a locked position configured to prevent the rotating element and the sheath tube from rotating. 16. The introducer sheath of claim 15, wherein the first locking surface is configured not to contact the second locking surface when the lock is in the unlocked position. 17. The introducer sheath of claim 15, wherein the first locking surface is configured to form an interference fit with the second locking surface when the lock is in the locked position. 18. The introducer sheath of claim 1, further comprising a marker coupled to the lock, the marker aligned with the curved tip. 19. An introducer sheath, comprising:
a sheath hub; a fixed housing coupled to the sheath hub; a rotating element rotatably coupled to the fixed housing; a sheath tube fixedly coupled to the rotating element; and a locking means coupled to the rotating element, the locking means capable of preventing the rotating element and the sheath tube from rotating with respect to the sheath hub. 20. A method of using an introducer sheath, the method comprising:
rotating a sheath tube with respect to a sheath hub, the sheath tube rotatably coupled to the sheath hub; and locking the sheath tube to prevent the sheath tube from rotating with respect to the sheath hub. | 3,700 |
338,995 | 16,799,876 | 3,783 | An electrode arrangement for a discharge lamp is provided, including an electrode unit including an electrode and an electrode plate, and a conductive connection unit for coupling to an energy source. The connection unit includes a connection unit plate. The arrangement includes a cylinder composed of a nonconductive material, said cylinder arranged between the electrode plate and the connection unit plate, and at least one conduction film which is arranged on an outer side of the cylinder and extends from the connection unit plate as far as the electrode plate and connects the connection unit plate and the electrode plate to one another. The arrangement includes a cap-shaped and integrally embodied protective film arranged on the electrode plate or connection unit plate, such that the film covers a plate side facing away from the cylinder and an outer lateral surface of the electrode plate or of the connection unit plate. | 1. An electrode arrangement for a discharge lamp, the electrode arrangement comprising:
an electrically conductive electrode unit comprising an electrode and an electrode plate, on which the electrode is arranged; an electrically conductive connection unit for coupling to an energy source, wherein the connection unit comprises a connection unit plate; a cylinder composed of an electrically nonconductive material, said cylinder being arranged between the electrode plate and the connection unit plate; and at least one electrically conductive conduction film which is arranged on at least one part of an outer side of the cylinder and extends from the connection unit plate as far as the electrode plate and electrically conductively connects the connection unit plate and the electrode plate to one another; wherein the electrode arrangement comprises a cap-shaped and integrally embodied protective film arranged on the electrode plate or connection unit plate, such that the protective film at least for the most part covers a plate side facing away from the cylinder and an outer lateral surface of the electrode plate or of the connection unit plate. 2. The electrode arrangement of claim 1,
wherein the protective film comprises a relief structure. 3. The electrode arrangement of claim 1,
wherein the protective film comprises a first film part, which is arranged on the plate side facing away from the cylinder and which is embodied in a ring-shaped fashion and has a central circular through opening, through which runs the axis of rotational symmetry of the electrode plate and/or of the connection unit plate. 4. The electrode arrangement of claim 1,
wherein the protective film comprises a second film part for covering the outer lateral surface, wherein the second film part comprises a plurality of film strips which are connected to one another via the first film part and which are arranged in a manner at least adjoining one another or overlapping one another in a circumferential direction around the outer lateral surface. 5. The electrode arrangement of claim 1,
wherein the protective film comprises a second film part for covering the outer lateral surface, said second film part being formed from a completely continuous material section adjacent to the first film part, wherein the second film part has material overlaps, the extent of which increases with increasing distance from the first film part. 6. A gas discharge lamp, comprising:
at least one electrode arrangement, comprising:
an electrically conductive electrode unit comprising an electrode and an electrode plate, on which the electrode is arranged;
an electrically conductive connection unit for coupling to an energy source, wherein the connection unit comprises a connection unit plate;
a cylinder composed of an electrically nonconductive material, said cylinder being arranged between the electrode plate and the connection unit plate; and
at least one electrically conductive conduction film which is arranged on at least one part of an outer side of the cylinder and extends from the connection unit plate as far as the electrode plate and electrically conductively connects the connection unit plate and the electrode plate to one another;
wherein the electrode arrangement comprises a cap-shaped and integrally embodied protective film arranged on the electrode plate or connection unit plate, such that the protective film at least for the most part covers a plate side facing away from the cylinder and an outer lateral surface of the electrode plate or of the connection unit plate. 7. A protective film for an electrode arrangement,
the electrode arrangement comprising:
an electrically conductive electrode unit comprising an electrode and an electrode plate, on which the electrode is arranged;
an electrically conductive connection unit for coupling to an energy source, wherein the connection unit comprises a connection unit plate;
a cylinder composed of an electrically nonconductive material, said cylinder being arranged between the electrode plate and the connection unit plate; and
at least one electrically conductive conduction film which is arranged on at least one part of an outer side of the cylinder and extends from the connection unit plate as far as the electrode plate and electrically conductively connects the connection unit plate and the electrode plate to one another;
wherein the electrode arrangement comprises a cap-shaped and integrally embodied protective film arranged on the electrode plate or connection unit plate, such that the protective film at least for the most part covers a plate side facing away from the cylinder and an outer lateral surface of the electrode plate or of the connection unit plate;
wherein the protective film is embodied integrally and in a cap-shaped fashion, such that it is able to be arranged on the electrode plate or the connection unit plate in such a way that the protective film at least for the most part covers a plate side facing away from the cylinder and an outer lateral surface of the electrode plate or of the connection unit plate. 8. A method for providing a protective film on an electrode arrangement for a discharge lamp, the method comprising:
providing the electrode arrangement, which comprises:
an electrode unit comprising an electrode and an electrode plate, on which the electrode is arranged;
a connection unit for coupling to an energy source, wherein the connection unit comprises a connection unit plate;
a cylinder composed of an electrically nonconductive material, said cylinder being arranged between the electrode plate and the connection unit plate; and
at least one conduction film which is arranged on at least one part of an outer side of the cylinder and extends from the connection unit plate as far as the electrode plate and electrically conductively connects the connection unit plate and the electrode plate to one another;
embodying the protective film integrally and in a cap-shaped fashion and arranging on the electrode plate or the connection unit plate in such a way that the protective film at least for the most part covers a plate side facing away from the cylinder and an outer lateral surface of the electrode plate or of the connection unit plate. 9. The method of claim 8,
wherein prior to being arranged the protective film is provided in the form of a first film part and a second film part, wherein the first film part is embodied in a ring-shaped fashion and has a central circular through opening, and the second film part is directly adjacent to the first film part in a radial direction and comprises a plurality of film strips which extend radially outward and which are connected to one another only via the first film part, wherein in each case two edge boundaries facing one another of two neighboring film strips form an angle with one another that is dimensioned such that when the film strips are bent over around an imaginary separating line between the first film part and the second film part by 90 degrees in order to form a cap shape of the protective film, the two edge boundaries facing one another of the respective two neighboring film strips at least bear against one another or overlap. 10. The method of claim 8,
wherein prior to being arranged the protective film is provided in the form of a first film part and a second film part, wherein the first film part is embodied in a ring-shaped fashion and has a central circular through opening, and the second film part is likewise embodied in a ring-shaped fashion and is directly adjacent to the first film part in a radial direction, wherein that edge of the protective film which is formed by the second film part is bent over around an imaginary separating line between the first film part and the second film part by 90 degrees in order to form a cap shape of the protective film, such that material overlaps are formed by the second film part, the extent of which material overlaps increases with increasing distance from the first film part. | An electrode arrangement for a discharge lamp is provided, including an electrode unit including an electrode and an electrode plate, and a conductive connection unit for coupling to an energy source. The connection unit includes a connection unit plate. The arrangement includes a cylinder composed of a nonconductive material, said cylinder arranged between the electrode plate and the connection unit plate, and at least one conduction film which is arranged on an outer side of the cylinder and extends from the connection unit plate as far as the electrode plate and connects the connection unit plate and the electrode plate to one another. The arrangement includes a cap-shaped and integrally embodied protective film arranged on the electrode plate or connection unit plate, such that the film covers a plate side facing away from the cylinder and an outer lateral surface of the electrode plate or of the connection unit plate.1. An electrode arrangement for a discharge lamp, the electrode arrangement comprising:
an electrically conductive electrode unit comprising an electrode and an electrode plate, on which the electrode is arranged; an electrically conductive connection unit for coupling to an energy source, wherein the connection unit comprises a connection unit plate; a cylinder composed of an electrically nonconductive material, said cylinder being arranged between the electrode plate and the connection unit plate; and at least one electrically conductive conduction film which is arranged on at least one part of an outer side of the cylinder and extends from the connection unit plate as far as the electrode plate and electrically conductively connects the connection unit plate and the electrode plate to one another; wherein the electrode arrangement comprises a cap-shaped and integrally embodied protective film arranged on the electrode plate or connection unit plate, such that the protective film at least for the most part covers a plate side facing away from the cylinder and an outer lateral surface of the electrode plate or of the connection unit plate. 2. The electrode arrangement of claim 1,
wherein the protective film comprises a relief structure. 3. The electrode arrangement of claim 1,
wherein the protective film comprises a first film part, which is arranged on the plate side facing away from the cylinder and which is embodied in a ring-shaped fashion and has a central circular through opening, through which runs the axis of rotational symmetry of the electrode plate and/or of the connection unit plate. 4. The electrode arrangement of claim 1,
wherein the protective film comprises a second film part for covering the outer lateral surface, wherein the second film part comprises a plurality of film strips which are connected to one another via the first film part and which are arranged in a manner at least adjoining one another or overlapping one another in a circumferential direction around the outer lateral surface. 5. The electrode arrangement of claim 1,
wherein the protective film comprises a second film part for covering the outer lateral surface, said second film part being formed from a completely continuous material section adjacent to the first film part, wherein the second film part has material overlaps, the extent of which increases with increasing distance from the first film part. 6. A gas discharge lamp, comprising:
at least one electrode arrangement, comprising:
an electrically conductive electrode unit comprising an electrode and an electrode plate, on which the electrode is arranged;
an electrically conductive connection unit for coupling to an energy source, wherein the connection unit comprises a connection unit plate;
a cylinder composed of an electrically nonconductive material, said cylinder being arranged between the electrode plate and the connection unit plate; and
at least one electrically conductive conduction film which is arranged on at least one part of an outer side of the cylinder and extends from the connection unit plate as far as the electrode plate and electrically conductively connects the connection unit plate and the electrode plate to one another;
wherein the electrode arrangement comprises a cap-shaped and integrally embodied protective film arranged on the electrode plate or connection unit plate, such that the protective film at least for the most part covers a plate side facing away from the cylinder and an outer lateral surface of the electrode plate or of the connection unit plate. 7. A protective film for an electrode arrangement,
the electrode arrangement comprising:
an electrically conductive electrode unit comprising an electrode and an electrode plate, on which the electrode is arranged;
an electrically conductive connection unit for coupling to an energy source, wherein the connection unit comprises a connection unit plate;
a cylinder composed of an electrically nonconductive material, said cylinder being arranged between the electrode plate and the connection unit plate; and
at least one electrically conductive conduction film which is arranged on at least one part of an outer side of the cylinder and extends from the connection unit plate as far as the electrode plate and electrically conductively connects the connection unit plate and the electrode plate to one another;
wherein the electrode arrangement comprises a cap-shaped and integrally embodied protective film arranged on the electrode plate or connection unit plate, such that the protective film at least for the most part covers a plate side facing away from the cylinder and an outer lateral surface of the electrode plate or of the connection unit plate;
wherein the protective film is embodied integrally and in a cap-shaped fashion, such that it is able to be arranged on the electrode plate or the connection unit plate in such a way that the protective film at least for the most part covers a plate side facing away from the cylinder and an outer lateral surface of the electrode plate or of the connection unit plate. 8. A method for providing a protective film on an electrode arrangement for a discharge lamp, the method comprising:
providing the electrode arrangement, which comprises:
an electrode unit comprising an electrode and an electrode plate, on which the electrode is arranged;
a connection unit for coupling to an energy source, wherein the connection unit comprises a connection unit plate;
a cylinder composed of an electrically nonconductive material, said cylinder being arranged between the electrode plate and the connection unit plate; and
at least one conduction film which is arranged on at least one part of an outer side of the cylinder and extends from the connection unit plate as far as the electrode plate and electrically conductively connects the connection unit plate and the electrode plate to one another;
embodying the protective film integrally and in a cap-shaped fashion and arranging on the electrode plate or the connection unit plate in such a way that the protective film at least for the most part covers a plate side facing away from the cylinder and an outer lateral surface of the electrode plate or of the connection unit plate. 9. The method of claim 8,
wherein prior to being arranged the protective film is provided in the form of a first film part and a second film part, wherein the first film part is embodied in a ring-shaped fashion and has a central circular through opening, and the second film part is directly adjacent to the first film part in a radial direction and comprises a plurality of film strips which extend radially outward and which are connected to one another only via the first film part, wherein in each case two edge boundaries facing one another of two neighboring film strips form an angle with one another that is dimensioned such that when the film strips are bent over around an imaginary separating line between the first film part and the second film part by 90 degrees in order to form a cap shape of the protective film, the two edge boundaries facing one another of the respective two neighboring film strips at least bear against one another or overlap. 10. The method of claim 8,
wherein prior to being arranged the protective film is provided in the form of a first film part and a second film part, wherein the first film part is embodied in a ring-shaped fashion and has a central circular through opening, and the second film part is likewise embodied in a ring-shaped fashion and is directly adjacent to the first film part in a radial direction, wherein that edge of the protective film which is formed by the second film part is bent over around an imaginary separating line between the first film part and the second film part by 90 degrees in order to form a cap shape of the protective film, such that material overlaps are formed by the second film part, the extent of which material overlaps increases with increasing distance from the first film part. | 3,700 |
338,996 | 16,799,875 | 2,875 | A flashlight is disclosed which comprises a base that has a servo motor that allows the base to rotate in a 180° angle, and at each end of said base lamps are placed with a plurality of LED lights, a main support which has a battery indicator, a camera and an LCD or LED screen, some buttons that control the on, off, flashing lights and camera, also on said main support is placed a removable SD memory that allows data storage, said flashlight also comprises a handle that has buttons that serve to control the LED lights of the lamps, and a switch to control the rotating base, said flashlight also comprises a removable battery responsible for supplying the power of the entire system of that flashlight. | 1. A flashlight comprising:
A main support (2), A rotating base (10), configured to be placed on the pinion (7) of the servo motor (7 a), A servo motor (7 a), A controller card (7 b), which serves to control the functions of the servo motor (7 a), A controller card (23 a) or MINI DVR that has a camera (23), a microphone (39), a connector with micro SD card input (32), and a monitor (8), A LED light lamps (14), which are held by the rotating base (10), A controller card (25 a), used to control the lamp circuit of the front LED lights (14), A controller card (25 e), used to control the circuit of the rear LED lamp (14), A handle (24) that is held by the main support (2). Said handle (24) serves to hold said flashlight (1). A detachable battery (29) that supplies the power of the entire flashlight system (1). Said battery (29) is configured to be placed inside the handle (24). 2. The main support (2) of claim 1 further comprising:
A switch (4) used to turn off and on the front LED lamp (14),
A switch (4 a) used to activate the flashing lights of the front lamp (14),
A switch (5) used to turn the rear LED lamp (14) on and off,
A switch (5 a) used to activate the flashing lights of the rear lamp (14),
A switch (6) used to turn on or off the controller card (23 a) or MINI DVR,
A battery indicator (2 a) used to verify the state of the battery charge (29).
A potentiometer (7 c), which is used to control the speed of rotation of the servo motor (7 a),
A hook (3) that is attached to the main support (2) used to grab a belt (3 b).
A rotating support (9) that has ends (9 a) that are connected to a rotating base (9 b) where said rotating support (9) is held by the main support (2) and the other end of said rotating support (9) a monitor (8) is held,
A monitor (8) configured to hold the rotating support (9), so that it can be moved or rotated, and placed under the main support (2) to protect itself. 3. The rotating base (10) of claim 1 further comprises:
A supports (37) that are placed one for each end of said rotating base (10). Said supports (37) are used to hold the grab (36) of the LED lamp (14),
A female connectors (19) that are placed one at each end of the rotating base (10). One of said female connectors (19) communicates with the controller card (25 a), and the other female connector (19) communicates with the controller card (25 e),
A cables (13 a) with a male connector (13) at each end of said cable (13 a), configured to connect to the female connectors (19) of the rotating base (10). 4. The LED lamp lamps (14) of claim 1 further comprising:
A female connectors (19), which are configured to connect the cables (13 a) with the male connectors (13),
A grab hooks (36) configured to hold the support (37),
A LED light indicators (16), which serve to indicate to the operator the color of the LED lights (20) that are activated. 5. The handle (24) of claim 1 further comprising:
A panel (25) with several switches that when pressed serve to change the colors of the LED lamp (14), and a switch or trigger (26) that when pressed allows the rotating base (10) to rotate. Said panel (25) is fixed on the side of the handle (24) and has a slight inclination such that the thumb can reach and accommodate the buttons of the panel (25), and at the same time the index finger can be used to press the switch (26) that allows the rotating base (10) to rotate. 6. An extension (33) comprising:
A base with grip tab (34), A rotating shaft (35), which serves to grip the base with grip tab (34) of the extension (33), A support (37) that is attached to the base with a grip tab (34), A grab hook that is attached to the extension (33). | A flashlight is disclosed which comprises a base that has a servo motor that allows the base to rotate in a 180° angle, and at each end of said base lamps are placed with a plurality of LED lights, a main support which has a battery indicator, a camera and an LCD or LED screen, some buttons that control the on, off, flashing lights and camera, also on said main support is placed a removable SD memory that allows data storage, said flashlight also comprises a handle that has buttons that serve to control the LED lights of the lamps, and a switch to control the rotating base, said flashlight also comprises a removable battery responsible for supplying the power of the entire system of that flashlight.1. A flashlight comprising:
A main support (2), A rotating base (10), configured to be placed on the pinion (7) of the servo motor (7 a), A servo motor (7 a), A controller card (7 b), which serves to control the functions of the servo motor (7 a), A controller card (23 a) or MINI DVR that has a camera (23), a microphone (39), a connector with micro SD card input (32), and a monitor (8), A LED light lamps (14), which are held by the rotating base (10), A controller card (25 a), used to control the lamp circuit of the front LED lights (14), A controller card (25 e), used to control the circuit of the rear LED lamp (14), A handle (24) that is held by the main support (2). Said handle (24) serves to hold said flashlight (1). A detachable battery (29) that supplies the power of the entire flashlight system (1). Said battery (29) is configured to be placed inside the handle (24). 2. The main support (2) of claim 1 further comprising:
A switch (4) used to turn off and on the front LED lamp (14),
A switch (4 a) used to activate the flashing lights of the front lamp (14),
A switch (5) used to turn the rear LED lamp (14) on and off,
A switch (5 a) used to activate the flashing lights of the rear lamp (14),
A switch (6) used to turn on or off the controller card (23 a) or MINI DVR,
A battery indicator (2 a) used to verify the state of the battery charge (29).
A potentiometer (7 c), which is used to control the speed of rotation of the servo motor (7 a),
A hook (3) that is attached to the main support (2) used to grab a belt (3 b).
A rotating support (9) that has ends (9 a) that are connected to a rotating base (9 b) where said rotating support (9) is held by the main support (2) and the other end of said rotating support (9) a monitor (8) is held,
A monitor (8) configured to hold the rotating support (9), so that it can be moved or rotated, and placed under the main support (2) to protect itself. 3. The rotating base (10) of claim 1 further comprises:
A supports (37) that are placed one for each end of said rotating base (10). Said supports (37) are used to hold the grab (36) of the LED lamp (14),
A female connectors (19) that are placed one at each end of the rotating base (10). One of said female connectors (19) communicates with the controller card (25 a), and the other female connector (19) communicates with the controller card (25 e),
A cables (13 a) with a male connector (13) at each end of said cable (13 a), configured to connect to the female connectors (19) of the rotating base (10). 4. The LED lamp lamps (14) of claim 1 further comprising:
A female connectors (19), which are configured to connect the cables (13 a) with the male connectors (13),
A grab hooks (36) configured to hold the support (37),
A LED light indicators (16), which serve to indicate to the operator the color of the LED lights (20) that are activated. 5. The handle (24) of claim 1 further comprising:
A panel (25) with several switches that when pressed serve to change the colors of the LED lamp (14), and a switch or trigger (26) that when pressed allows the rotating base (10) to rotate. Said panel (25) is fixed on the side of the handle (24) and has a slight inclination such that the thumb can reach and accommodate the buttons of the panel (25), and at the same time the index finger can be used to press the switch (26) that allows the rotating base (10) to rotate. 6. An extension (33) comprising:
A base with grip tab (34), A rotating shaft (35), which serves to grip the base with grip tab (34) of the extension (33), A support (37) that is attached to the base with a grip tab (34), A grab hook that is attached to the extension (33). | 2,800 |
338,997 | 16,642,007 | 2,875 | A touch array baseplate panel, including a substrate and a film layer structure. The film layer structure includes: a touch electrode layer, including a plurality of touch electrodes arranged in an array; a first electrically conductive layer, including a plurality of touch electrode lines and virtual touch electrode lines; a second electrically conductive layer, including connection lines. A touch electrode line is electrically connected to a corresponding touch electrode through a first via hole, and a virtual touch electrode line is electrically connected to a corresponding touch electrode through a second via hole, and a connection line electrically connects, through third via holes, a touch electrode line and a virtual touch electrode line electrically connected to a same touch electrode. This disclosure further provides a method for manufacturing the touch array baseplate panel and a touch panel including the touch array baseplate panel. | 1. A touch array baseplate, comprising:
a substrate; a film layer structure, formed on the substrate and comprising:
a touch electrode layer, comprising a plurality of touch electrodes arranged in an array;
a first electrically conductive layer, comprising:
a plurality of touch electrode lines, the plurality of touch electrode lines corresponding to the plurality of touch electrodes one by one, and each touch electrode line being electrically connected to a corresponding touch electrode through a first via hole;
a virtual touch electrode line connected to at least one of the plurality of touch electrodes, the virtual touch electrode line being electrically connected to a corresponding touch electrode through a second via hole, wherein the virtual touch electrode line is located within an orthogonal projection of the touch electrode connected thereto on the first electrically conductive layer;
a second electrically conductive layer, comprising connection lines, with a connection line electrically connecting, through third via holes, a touch electrode line and a virtual touch electrode line which are electrically connected to a same touch electrode, wherein the connection line is located within an orthogonal projection of a corresponding touch electrode on the second electrically conductive layer;
wherein the touch electrode layer, the first electrically conductive layer and the second electrically conductive layer are isolated from each other by insulating layers. 2. The touch array baseplate according to claim 1, wherein the touch electrode lines and the virtual touch electrode line both extend in a first direction. 3. The touch array baseplate according to claim 2, wherein the connection lines extend in a second direction, and the second direction and the first direction intersect each other. 4. The touch array baseplate according to claim 2, wherein the first electrically conductive layer further comprises a plurality of data lines parallel with each other, and the data lines extend in the first direction. 5. The touch array baseplate according to claim 3, wherein the second electrically conductive layer further comprises a plurality of gate lines parallel with each other, and the gate lines extend in the second direction. 6. The touch array baseplate according to claim 5, wherein each connection line is arranged close to a gate line correspondingly. 7. The touch array baseplate according to claim 6, wherein the film layer structure further comprises a black matrix, and orthogonal projections of the connection lines on the substrate fall within an orthogonal projection of the black matrix on the substrate. 8. The touch array baseplate according to claim 1, wherein the touch electrode lines extend from one side of the touch array baseplate to the other side opposite thereto. 9. The touch array baseplate according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of touch electrodes is connected to at least one virtual touch electrode line. 10. The touch array baseplate according to claim 1, wherein for the plurality of touch electrodes, a difference between numbers of active via holes electrically connected to one touch electrode is smaller than or equal to a first threshold value, the active via holes being the first via holes connected to the touch electrode line electrically connected to the one touch electrode and the second via holes connected to the virtual touch electrode line electrically connected to the touch electrode line by means of the connection line. 11. The touch array baseplate according to claim 10, wherein for the plurality of touch electrodes, the numbers of the active via holes electrically connected to one touch electrode are the same. 12. A touch panel, the touch panel comprising the touch array baseplate according to claim 1. 13. The touch panel according to claim 12, wherein the touch panel is a special-shaped panel or a touch panel having a resolution below 1080×1800. 14. A manufacturing method for manufacturing the touch array baseplate according to claim 1, comprising steps of:
a) forming the touch electrode layer in the film layer structure, and patterning the touch electrode layer to form the plurality of touch electrodes; b) forming the first electrically conductive layer in the film layer structure, and patterning the first electrically conductive layer to form the plurality of touch electrode lines and the virtual touch electrode lines; c) forming the first via holes electrically connecting the touch electrodes with the touch electrode lines, and forming the second via holes electrically connecting the touch electrodes with the virtual touch electrode lines; d) forming the second electrically conductive layer in the film layer structure, and patterning the second electrically conductive layer to form the connection lines; e) forming the third via holes electrically connecting the connection lines with the touch electrode lines and the virtual touch electrode lines. 15. The manufacturing method according to claim 14, wherein step b) further comprises: patterning the first electrically conductive layer to form a plurality of data lines. 16. The manufacturing method according to claim 14, wherein step d) further comprises: patterning the second electrically conductive layer to form a plurality of gate lines. 17. The manufacturing method according to claim 15, wherein step d) further comprises: patterning the second electrically conductive layer to form a plurality of gate lines. 18. The touch array baseplate according to claim 3, wherein the first electrically conductive layer further comprises a plurality of data lines parallel with each other, and the data lines extend in the first direction. 19. The touch array baseplate according to claim 18, wherein the second electrically conductive layer further comprises a plurality of gate lines parallel with each other, and the gate lines extend in the second direction. 20. The touch array baseplate according to claim 19, wherein each connection line is arranged close to a gate line correspondingly. | A touch array baseplate panel, including a substrate and a film layer structure. The film layer structure includes: a touch electrode layer, including a plurality of touch electrodes arranged in an array; a first electrically conductive layer, including a plurality of touch electrode lines and virtual touch electrode lines; a second electrically conductive layer, including connection lines. A touch electrode line is electrically connected to a corresponding touch electrode through a first via hole, and a virtual touch electrode line is electrically connected to a corresponding touch electrode through a second via hole, and a connection line electrically connects, through third via holes, a touch electrode line and a virtual touch electrode line electrically connected to a same touch electrode. This disclosure further provides a method for manufacturing the touch array baseplate panel and a touch panel including the touch array baseplate panel.1. A touch array baseplate, comprising:
a substrate; a film layer structure, formed on the substrate and comprising:
a touch electrode layer, comprising a plurality of touch electrodes arranged in an array;
a first electrically conductive layer, comprising:
a plurality of touch electrode lines, the plurality of touch electrode lines corresponding to the plurality of touch electrodes one by one, and each touch electrode line being electrically connected to a corresponding touch electrode through a first via hole;
a virtual touch electrode line connected to at least one of the plurality of touch electrodes, the virtual touch electrode line being electrically connected to a corresponding touch electrode through a second via hole, wherein the virtual touch electrode line is located within an orthogonal projection of the touch electrode connected thereto on the first electrically conductive layer;
a second electrically conductive layer, comprising connection lines, with a connection line electrically connecting, through third via holes, a touch electrode line and a virtual touch electrode line which are electrically connected to a same touch electrode, wherein the connection line is located within an orthogonal projection of a corresponding touch electrode on the second electrically conductive layer;
wherein the touch electrode layer, the first electrically conductive layer and the second electrically conductive layer are isolated from each other by insulating layers. 2. The touch array baseplate according to claim 1, wherein the touch electrode lines and the virtual touch electrode line both extend in a first direction. 3. The touch array baseplate according to claim 2, wherein the connection lines extend in a second direction, and the second direction and the first direction intersect each other. 4. The touch array baseplate according to claim 2, wherein the first electrically conductive layer further comprises a plurality of data lines parallel with each other, and the data lines extend in the first direction. 5. The touch array baseplate according to claim 3, wherein the second electrically conductive layer further comprises a plurality of gate lines parallel with each other, and the gate lines extend in the second direction. 6. The touch array baseplate according to claim 5, wherein each connection line is arranged close to a gate line correspondingly. 7. The touch array baseplate according to claim 6, wherein the film layer structure further comprises a black matrix, and orthogonal projections of the connection lines on the substrate fall within an orthogonal projection of the black matrix on the substrate. 8. The touch array baseplate according to claim 1, wherein the touch electrode lines extend from one side of the touch array baseplate to the other side opposite thereto. 9. The touch array baseplate according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of touch electrodes is connected to at least one virtual touch electrode line. 10. The touch array baseplate according to claim 1, wherein for the plurality of touch electrodes, a difference between numbers of active via holes electrically connected to one touch electrode is smaller than or equal to a first threshold value, the active via holes being the first via holes connected to the touch electrode line electrically connected to the one touch electrode and the second via holes connected to the virtual touch electrode line electrically connected to the touch electrode line by means of the connection line. 11. The touch array baseplate according to claim 10, wherein for the plurality of touch electrodes, the numbers of the active via holes electrically connected to one touch electrode are the same. 12. A touch panel, the touch panel comprising the touch array baseplate according to claim 1. 13. The touch panel according to claim 12, wherein the touch panel is a special-shaped panel or a touch panel having a resolution below 1080×1800. 14. A manufacturing method for manufacturing the touch array baseplate according to claim 1, comprising steps of:
a) forming the touch electrode layer in the film layer structure, and patterning the touch electrode layer to form the plurality of touch electrodes; b) forming the first electrically conductive layer in the film layer structure, and patterning the first electrically conductive layer to form the plurality of touch electrode lines and the virtual touch electrode lines; c) forming the first via holes electrically connecting the touch electrodes with the touch electrode lines, and forming the second via holes electrically connecting the touch electrodes with the virtual touch electrode lines; d) forming the second electrically conductive layer in the film layer structure, and patterning the second electrically conductive layer to form the connection lines; e) forming the third via holes electrically connecting the connection lines with the touch electrode lines and the virtual touch electrode lines. 15. The manufacturing method according to claim 14, wherein step b) further comprises: patterning the first electrically conductive layer to form a plurality of data lines. 16. The manufacturing method according to claim 14, wherein step d) further comprises: patterning the second electrically conductive layer to form a plurality of gate lines. 17. The manufacturing method according to claim 15, wherein step d) further comprises: patterning the second electrically conductive layer to form a plurality of gate lines. 18. The touch array baseplate according to claim 3, wherein the first electrically conductive layer further comprises a plurality of data lines parallel with each other, and the data lines extend in the first direction. 19. The touch array baseplate according to claim 18, wherein the second electrically conductive layer further comprises a plurality of gate lines parallel with each other, and the gate lines extend in the second direction. 20. The touch array baseplate according to claim 19, wherein each connection line is arranged close to a gate line correspondingly. | 2,800 |
338,998 | 16,799,844 | 2,875 | The electronic cassette includes a portable housing. A CPU of the electronic cassette functions as a RW controller, a first determination unit, and a mode controller. The RW controller acquires a standard pose as a pose of the housing in a stored state, in which the housing is stored in a storage portion of a movable radiography apparatus, from a ROM. The first determination unit determines whether the housing is in the stored state or a taken-out state, in which the housing is taken out from the storage portion, based on the standard pose and a current pose as a current pose of the housing detected by a pose detection sensor. The mode controller switches the drive mode from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state. | 1. An electronic cassette comprising:
an image output unit that detects radiation transmitted through a subject and outputs a radiographic image represented by an electrical signal; a portable housing in which the image output unit is incorporated; a pose detection sensor that detects a current pose as a current pose of the housing; a first acquisition unit that acquires a standard pose as a pose of the housing in a stored state, in which the housing is stored in a storage portion of a movable radiography apparatus, from a storage unit; a first determination unit that determines whether the housing is in the stored state or a taken-out state, in which the housing is taken out from the storage portion, based on the standard pose and the current pose; and a mode controller that controls a drive mode including a radiography mode where the radiographic image is able to be output from the image output unit and a sleep mode where power consumption is smaller than in the radiography mode, and switches the drive mode from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state. 2. The electronic cassette according to claim 1,
wherein the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state in a case where a state in which the current pose is deviated from the standard pose by a preset threshold value or more is continued for a preset period. 3. The electronic cassette according to claim 1,
wherein the mode controller switches the drive mode from the radiography mode to the sleep mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the taken-out state into the stored state. 4. The electronic cassette according to claim 3, further comprising:
a second acquisition unit that acquires operation state information indicating an operation state of the movable radiography apparatus; and a second determination unit that determines whether or not the movable radiography apparatus is in a radiography preparation state based on the operation state information, wherein the mode controller does not perform switching from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state, and the second determination unit determines that the movable radiography apparatus is not in the radiography preparation state, and performs switching from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state, and the second determination unit determines that the movable radiography apparatus is in the radiography preparation state. 5. The electronic cassette according to claim 4,
wherein the movable radiography apparatus comprises an irradiation portion having a radiation tube that emits the radiation and being able to change a position with respect to the subject, and the operation state information is information indicating whether or not the irradiation portion is in a use state. 6. The electronic cassette according to claim 5,
wherein the mode controller does not perform switching from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state, and the operation state information has a content that the irradiation portion is not in the use state and the second determination unit determines that the movable radiography apparatus is not in the radiography preparation state, and performs switching from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state, the operation state information has a content that the irradiation portion is in the use state, and the second determination unit determines that the movable radiography apparatus is in the radiography preparation state. 7. The electronic cassette according to claim 5,
wherein the operation state information is information indicating whether or not a movable portion changing the position of the irradiation portion with respect to the subject is locked, and the second determination unit determines that the irradiation portion is not in the use state and the movable radiography apparatus is not in the radiography preparation state in a case where the movable portion is locked, and determines that the irradiation portion is in the use state and the movable radiography apparatus is in the radiography preparation state in a case where the movable portion is not locked. 8. The electronic cassette according to claim 4,
wherein the movable radiography apparatus comprises an irradiation field lamp that emits light representing an irradiation field of the radiation, and the operation state information is information indicating whether or not the irradiation field lamp is turned on. 9. The electronic cassette according to claim 8,
wherein the mode controller does not perform switching from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state, and the operation state information has a content that the irradiation field lamp is not turned on, and the second determination unit determines that the movable radiography apparatus is not in the radiography preparation state, and performs switching from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state, the operation state information has a content that the irradiation field lamp is turned on, and the second determination unit determines that the movable radiography apparatus is in the radiography preparation state. 10. The electronic cassette according to claim 4,
wherein the movable radiography apparatus comprises a communication unit, and the operation state information is information indicating whether or not communication with the communication unit is established. 11. The electronic cassette according to claim 10,
wherein the mode controller does not perform switching from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state, and the operation state information has a content that communication is not established, and the second determination unit determines that the movable radiography apparatus is not in the radiography preparation state, and performs switching from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state, the operation state information has a content that communication is established, and the second determination unit determines that the movable radiography apparatus is in the radiography preparation state. 12. The electronic cassette according to claim 4,
wherein the mode controller does not perform switching from the radiography mode to the sleep mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the taken-out state into the stored state, and the second determination unit determines that the movable radiography apparatus is in the radiography preparation state, and performs switching from the radiography mode to the sleep mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the taken-out state into the stored state, and the second determination unit determines that the movable radiography apparatus is not in the radiography preparation state. 13. The electronic cassette according to claim 1,
wherein the storage unit that stores the standard pose is incorporated. 14. The electronic cassette according to claim 1,
wherein the housing is stored in the storage portion in a plurality of directions, a plurality of the standard poses are provided corresponding to the plurality of directions, and the first determination unit performs the determination based on the plurality of standard poses and the current pose. 15. A method of operating an electronic cassette comprising an image output unit that detects radiation transmitted through a subject and outputs a radiographic image represented by an electrical signal and a portable housing in which the image output unit is incorporated, the method comprising:
a first acquisition step of acquiring a standard pose as a pose of the housing in a stored state, in which the housing is stored in a storage portion of a movable radiography apparatus, from a storage unit; a first determination step of determining whether the housing is in the stored state or a taken-out state, in which the housing is taken out from the storage portion, based on the standard pose and a current pose as a current pose of the housing detected by a pose detection sensor; and a mode control step of controlling a drive mode including a radiography mode where the radiographic image is able to be output from the image output unit and a sleep mode where power consumption is smaller than in the radiography mode, and switching the drive mode from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where determination is made in the first determination step that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing an operation program for an electronic cassette comprising an image output unit that detects radiation transmitted through a subject and outputs a radiographic image represented by an electrical signal and a portable housing in which the image output unit is incorporated, the operation program causing a computer to function as:
a first acquisition unit that acquires a standard pose as a pose of the housing in a stored state, in which the housing is stored in a storage portion of a movable radiography apparatus, from a storage unit; a first determination unit that determines whether the housing is in the stored state or a taken-out state, in which the housing is taken out from the storage portion, based on the standard pose and a current pose as a current pose of the housing detected by a pose detection sensor; and a mode controller that controls a drive mode including a radiography mode where the radiographic image is able to be output from the image output unit and a sleep mode where power consumption is smaller than in the radiography mode, and switches the drive mode from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state. 17. A cassette control device that controls an electronic cassette comprising an image output unit that detects radiation transmitted through a subject and outputs a radiographic image represented by an electrical signal and a portable housing in which the image output unit is incorporated, the cassette control device comprising:
a first acquisition unit that acquires a standard pose as a pose of the housing in a stored state, in which the housing is stored in a storage portion of a movable radiography apparatus, from a storage unit; a first determination unit that determines whether the housing is in the stored state or a taken-out state, in which the housing is taken out from the storage portion, based on the standard pose and a current pose as a current pose of the housing detected by a pose detection sensor; and a mode controller that controls a drive mode of the electronic cassette including a radiography mode where the radiographic image is able to be output from the image output unit and a sleep mode where power consumption is smaller than in the radiography mode, and switches the drive mode from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state. 18. A radiography system comprising:
an electronic cassette having an image output unit that detects radiation transmitted through a subject and outputs a radiographic image represented by an electrical signal and a portable housing in which the image output unit is incorporated; a movable radiography apparatus having a storage portion, in which the electronic cassette is stored; a first acquisition unit that acquires a standard pose as a pose of the housing in a stored state, in which the housing is stored in the storage portion, from a storage unit; a first determination unit that determines whether the housing is in the stored state or a taken-out state, in which the housing is taken out from the storage portion, based on the standard pose and a current pose as a current pose of the housing detected by a pose detection sensor; and a mode controller that controls a drive mode of the electronic cassette including a radiography mode where the radiographic image is able to be output from the image output unit and a sleep mode where power consumption is smaller than in the radiography mode, and switches the drive mode from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state. 19. A method of operating a radiography system comprising an electronic cassette having an image output unit that detects radiation transmitted through a subject and outputs a radiographic image represented by an electrical signal and a portable housing in which the image output unit is incorporated, and a movable radiography apparatus having a storage portion, in which the electronic cassette is stored, the method comprising:
a first acquisition step of acquiring a standard pose as a pose of the housing in a stored state, in which the housing is stored in the storage portion, from a storage unit; a first determination step of determining whether the housing is in the stored state or a taken-out state, in which the housing is taken out from the storage portion, based on the standard pose and a current pose as a current pose of the housing detected by a pose detection sensor; and a mode control step of controlling a drive mode of the electronic cassette including a radiography mode where the radiographic image is able to be output from the image output unit and a sleep mode where power consumption is smaller than in the radiography mode, and switching the drive mode from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where determination is made in the first determination step that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state. | The electronic cassette includes a portable housing. A CPU of the electronic cassette functions as a RW controller, a first determination unit, and a mode controller. The RW controller acquires a standard pose as a pose of the housing in a stored state, in which the housing is stored in a storage portion of a movable radiography apparatus, from a ROM. The first determination unit determines whether the housing is in the stored state or a taken-out state, in which the housing is taken out from the storage portion, based on the standard pose and a current pose as a current pose of the housing detected by a pose detection sensor. The mode controller switches the drive mode from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state.1. An electronic cassette comprising:
an image output unit that detects radiation transmitted through a subject and outputs a radiographic image represented by an electrical signal; a portable housing in which the image output unit is incorporated; a pose detection sensor that detects a current pose as a current pose of the housing; a first acquisition unit that acquires a standard pose as a pose of the housing in a stored state, in which the housing is stored in a storage portion of a movable radiography apparatus, from a storage unit; a first determination unit that determines whether the housing is in the stored state or a taken-out state, in which the housing is taken out from the storage portion, based on the standard pose and the current pose; and a mode controller that controls a drive mode including a radiography mode where the radiographic image is able to be output from the image output unit and a sleep mode where power consumption is smaller than in the radiography mode, and switches the drive mode from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state. 2. The electronic cassette according to claim 1,
wherein the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state in a case where a state in which the current pose is deviated from the standard pose by a preset threshold value or more is continued for a preset period. 3. The electronic cassette according to claim 1,
wherein the mode controller switches the drive mode from the radiography mode to the sleep mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the taken-out state into the stored state. 4. The electronic cassette according to claim 3, further comprising:
a second acquisition unit that acquires operation state information indicating an operation state of the movable radiography apparatus; and a second determination unit that determines whether or not the movable radiography apparatus is in a radiography preparation state based on the operation state information, wherein the mode controller does not perform switching from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state, and the second determination unit determines that the movable radiography apparatus is not in the radiography preparation state, and performs switching from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state, and the second determination unit determines that the movable radiography apparatus is in the radiography preparation state. 5. The electronic cassette according to claim 4,
wherein the movable radiography apparatus comprises an irradiation portion having a radiation tube that emits the radiation and being able to change a position with respect to the subject, and the operation state information is information indicating whether or not the irradiation portion is in a use state. 6. The electronic cassette according to claim 5,
wherein the mode controller does not perform switching from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state, and the operation state information has a content that the irradiation portion is not in the use state and the second determination unit determines that the movable radiography apparatus is not in the radiography preparation state, and performs switching from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state, the operation state information has a content that the irradiation portion is in the use state, and the second determination unit determines that the movable radiography apparatus is in the radiography preparation state. 7. The electronic cassette according to claim 5,
wherein the operation state information is information indicating whether or not a movable portion changing the position of the irradiation portion with respect to the subject is locked, and the second determination unit determines that the irradiation portion is not in the use state and the movable radiography apparatus is not in the radiography preparation state in a case where the movable portion is locked, and determines that the irradiation portion is in the use state and the movable radiography apparatus is in the radiography preparation state in a case where the movable portion is not locked. 8. The electronic cassette according to claim 4,
wherein the movable radiography apparatus comprises an irradiation field lamp that emits light representing an irradiation field of the radiation, and the operation state information is information indicating whether or not the irradiation field lamp is turned on. 9. The electronic cassette according to claim 8,
wherein the mode controller does not perform switching from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state, and the operation state information has a content that the irradiation field lamp is not turned on, and the second determination unit determines that the movable radiography apparatus is not in the radiography preparation state, and performs switching from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state, the operation state information has a content that the irradiation field lamp is turned on, and the second determination unit determines that the movable radiography apparatus is in the radiography preparation state. 10. The electronic cassette according to claim 4,
wherein the movable radiography apparatus comprises a communication unit, and the operation state information is information indicating whether or not communication with the communication unit is established. 11. The electronic cassette according to claim 10,
wherein the mode controller does not perform switching from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state, and the operation state information has a content that communication is not established, and the second determination unit determines that the movable radiography apparatus is not in the radiography preparation state, and performs switching from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state, the operation state information has a content that communication is established, and the second determination unit determines that the movable radiography apparatus is in the radiography preparation state. 12. The electronic cassette according to claim 4,
wherein the mode controller does not perform switching from the radiography mode to the sleep mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the taken-out state into the stored state, and the second determination unit determines that the movable radiography apparatus is in the radiography preparation state, and performs switching from the radiography mode to the sleep mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the taken-out state into the stored state, and the second determination unit determines that the movable radiography apparatus is not in the radiography preparation state. 13. The electronic cassette according to claim 1,
wherein the storage unit that stores the standard pose is incorporated. 14. The electronic cassette according to claim 1,
wherein the housing is stored in the storage portion in a plurality of directions, a plurality of the standard poses are provided corresponding to the plurality of directions, and the first determination unit performs the determination based on the plurality of standard poses and the current pose. 15. A method of operating an electronic cassette comprising an image output unit that detects radiation transmitted through a subject and outputs a radiographic image represented by an electrical signal and a portable housing in which the image output unit is incorporated, the method comprising:
a first acquisition step of acquiring a standard pose as a pose of the housing in a stored state, in which the housing is stored in a storage portion of a movable radiography apparatus, from a storage unit; a first determination step of determining whether the housing is in the stored state or a taken-out state, in which the housing is taken out from the storage portion, based on the standard pose and a current pose as a current pose of the housing detected by a pose detection sensor; and a mode control step of controlling a drive mode including a radiography mode where the radiographic image is able to be output from the image output unit and a sleep mode where power consumption is smaller than in the radiography mode, and switching the drive mode from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where determination is made in the first determination step that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing an operation program for an electronic cassette comprising an image output unit that detects radiation transmitted through a subject and outputs a radiographic image represented by an electrical signal and a portable housing in which the image output unit is incorporated, the operation program causing a computer to function as:
a first acquisition unit that acquires a standard pose as a pose of the housing in a stored state, in which the housing is stored in a storage portion of a movable radiography apparatus, from a storage unit; a first determination unit that determines whether the housing is in the stored state or a taken-out state, in which the housing is taken out from the storage portion, based on the standard pose and a current pose as a current pose of the housing detected by a pose detection sensor; and a mode controller that controls a drive mode including a radiography mode where the radiographic image is able to be output from the image output unit and a sleep mode where power consumption is smaller than in the radiography mode, and switches the drive mode from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state. 17. A cassette control device that controls an electronic cassette comprising an image output unit that detects radiation transmitted through a subject and outputs a radiographic image represented by an electrical signal and a portable housing in which the image output unit is incorporated, the cassette control device comprising:
a first acquisition unit that acquires a standard pose as a pose of the housing in a stored state, in which the housing is stored in a storage portion of a movable radiography apparatus, from a storage unit; a first determination unit that determines whether the housing is in the stored state or a taken-out state, in which the housing is taken out from the storage portion, based on the standard pose and a current pose as a current pose of the housing detected by a pose detection sensor; and a mode controller that controls a drive mode of the electronic cassette including a radiography mode where the radiographic image is able to be output from the image output unit and a sleep mode where power consumption is smaller than in the radiography mode, and switches the drive mode from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state. 18. A radiography system comprising:
an electronic cassette having an image output unit that detects radiation transmitted through a subject and outputs a radiographic image represented by an electrical signal and a portable housing in which the image output unit is incorporated; a movable radiography apparatus having a storage portion, in which the electronic cassette is stored; a first acquisition unit that acquires a standard pose as a pose of the housing in a stored state, in which the housing is stored in the storage portion, from a storage unit; a first determination unit that determines whether the housing is in the stored state or a taken-out state, in which the housing is taken out from the storage portion, based on the standard pose and a current pose as a current pose of the housing detected by a pose detection sensor; and a mode controller that controls a drive mode of the electronic cassette including a radiography mode where the radiographic image is able to be output from the image output unit and a sleep mode where power consumption is smaller than in the radiography mode, and switches the drive mode from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where the first determination unit determines that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state. 19. A method of operating a radiography system comprising an electronic cassette having an image output unit that detects radiation transmitted through a subject and outputs a radiographic image represented by an electrical signal and a portable housing in which the image output unit is incorporated, and a movable radiography apparatus having a storage portion, in which the electronic cassette is stored, the method comprising:
a first acquisition step of acquiring a standard pose as a pose of the housing in a stored state, in which the housing is stored in the storage portion, from a storage unit; a first determination step of determining whether the housing is in the stored state or a taken-out state, in which the housing is taken out from the storage portion, based on the standard pose and a current pose as a current pose of the housing detected by a pose detection sensor; and a mode control step of controlling a drive mode of the electronic cassette including a radiography mode where the radiographic image is able to be output from the image output unit and a sleep mode where power consumption is smaller than in the radiography mode, and switching the drive mode from the sleep mode to the radiography mode in a case where determination is made in the first determination step that the housing is brought from the stored state into the taken-out state. | 2,800 |
338,999 | 16,799,881 | 2,875 | Examples described herein provide a computer-implemented method for predicting a state of a hall sensor for a motor having a plurality of hall sensors associated therewith. The example method includes receiving a previous state of the hall sensor. The example method further includes detecting a current state of the hall sensor. The example method further includes predicting a predicted next state of the hall sensor based on the previous state of the hall sensor, the current state of the hall sensor, and a direction of a shaft of the motor. | 1. A computer-implemented method for predicting a state of a hall sensor for a motor having a plurality of hall sensors associated therewith, the method comprising:
receiving a previous state of the hall sensor; detecting a current state of the hall sensor; and predicting a predicted next state of the hall sensor based on the previous state of the hall sensor, the current state of the hall sensor, and a direction of a shaft of the motor. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising comparing the predicted next state with an actual next state of the hall sensor to determine whether the predicted next state matches the actual next state. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, responsive to determining that the predicted next state matches the actual next state. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, responsive to determining that the predicted next state does not match the actual next state, accumulating error for the hall sensor. 5. A computer-implemented method for detecting a faulty hall sensor for a motor having a plurality of hall sensors associated therewith, the method comprising:
receiving a current state of each of the plurality of hall sensors and determine a predicted next state for each of the plurality of hall sensors; determining whether the predicted next state matches an actual next state for each of the plurality of hall sensors; responsive to determining that the predicted next state does not match an actual next state, adding an error to an incorrect hall sensor signal and flagging a hall signal responsive to the hall signal exceeding a maximum threshold; and responsive to determining that the predicted next state does match an actual next state, subtracting the error from a correct hall sensor signal and unflagging the hall signal responsive to the hall signal being below the maximum threshold. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, further comprising:
detecting that a hall count reaches a count threshold; and responsive to detecting that the hall count reaches the count threshold, checking the plurality of hall sensors against rising and falling edge values to determine whether the hall signal for each of the plurality of hall sensors is the same or different than the rising and falling edge values. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising:
responsive to determining that the hall signal for one or more of the plurality of hall sensors is the same as the rising and falling edge values, flagging the one or more of the plurality of hall sensors that have the same rising and falling edge values. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising:
responsive to determining that the hall signal for one or more of the plurality of hall sensors is different than the rising and falling edge values, unflagging the one or more of the plurality of hall sensors that have different rising and falling edge values. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, further comprising:
counting a time since a last hall state change; and storing the time. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, further comprising:
calculating a speed and position of the motor based at least in part on the plurality of hall sensors. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, further comprising:
adding or subtracting a value of one to each position for each of a plurality of hall sensor pulses. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, further comprising:
generating artificial hall signals from a calculated theta that represents an estimated rotor position of a rotor based on minimum and maximum values for theta, a previous theta, and a speed of the rotor. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, further comprising:
counting a number of hall sensor pulses in a sampling window to determine the speed of the motor. 14. A system comprising:
a motor comprising a shaft; a plurality of hall sensors to measure an electromagnetic field about the shaft of the motor; a processing device for executing computer readable instructions stored on a memory, the computer readable instructions controlling the processing device to perform operations comprising:
detecting a current state of at least one of the plurality of hall sensors;
predicting a predicted next state of the at least one of the plurality of hall sensors based on the current state; and
determining whether the at least one of the plurality of hall sensors is faulty based at least in part on an actual next state and the predicted next state. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein it is determined that the at least one of the plurality of hall sensors is not faulty responsive to determining that the predicted next state and the actual next state are different. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining a speed and a position of the shaft of the motor based at least in part on a signal generated by each of the plurality of hall sensors. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
responsive to determining that the predicted next state does not match the actual next state, adding an error to an incorrect hall sensor signal and flagging a hall signal responsive to the hall signal exceeding a maximum threshold. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise: responsive to determining that the predicted next state does match the actual next state, subtracting an error from a correct hall sensor signal and unflagging the hall signal responsive to the hall signal being below a maximum threshold. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving a previous state of the at least one of the plurality of hall sensors; and predicting the predicted next state of the hall sensor based on the previous state of the hall sensor, the current state of the hall sensor, and a direction of a shaft of the motor. | Examples described herein provide a computer-implemented method for predicting a state of a hall sensor for a motor having a plurality of hall sensors associated therewith. The example method includes receiving a previous state of the hall sensor. The example method further includes detecting a current state of the hall sensor. The example method further includes predicting a predicted next state of the hall sensor based on the previous state of the hall sensor, the current state of the hall sensor, and a direction of a shaft of the motor.1. A computer-implemented method for predicting a state of a hall sensor for a motor having a plurality of hall sensors associated therewith, the method comprising:
receiving a previous state of the hall sensor; detecting a current state of the hall sensor; and predicting a predicted next state of the hall sensor based on the previous state of the hall sensor, the current state of the hall sensor, and a direction of a shaft of the motor. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising comparing the predicted next state with an actual next state of the hall sensor to determine whether the predicted next state matches the actual next state. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, responsive to determining that the predicted next state matches the actual next state. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising, responsive to determining that the predicted next state does not match the actual next state, accumulating error for the hall sensor. 5. A computer-implemented method for detecting a faulty hall sensor for a motor having a plurality of hall sensors associated therewith, the method comprising:
receiving a current state of each of the plurality of hall sensors and determine a predicted next state for each of the plurality of hall sensors; determining whether the predicted next state matches an actual next state for each of the plurality of hall sensors; responsive to determining that the predicted next state does not match an actual next state, adding an error to an incorrect hall sensor signal and flagging a hall signal responsive to the hall signal exceeding a maximum threshold; and responsive to determining that the predicted next state does match an actual next state, subtracting the error from a correct hall sensor signal and unflagging the hall signal responsive to the hall signal being below the maximum threshold. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, further comprising:
detecting that a hall count reaches a count threshold; and responsive to detecting that the hall count reaches the count threshold, checking the plurality of hall sensors against rising and falling edge values to determine whether the hall signal for each of the plurality of hall sensors is the same or different than the rising and falling edge values. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising:
responsive to determining that the hall signal for one or more of the plurality of hall sensors is the same as the rising and falling edge values, flagging the one or more of the plurality of hall sensors that have the same rising and falling edge values. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising:
responsive to determining that the hall signal for one or more of the plurality of hall sensors is different than the rising and falling edge values, unflagging the one or more of the plurality of hall sensors that have different rising and falling edge values. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, further comprising:
counting a time since a last hall state change; and storing the time. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, further comprising:
calculating a speed and position of the motor based at least in part on the plurality of hall sensors. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, further comprising:
adding or subtracting a value of one to each position for each of a plurality of hall sensor pulses. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, further comprising:
generating artificial hall signals from a calculated theta that represents an estimated rotor position of a rotor based on minimum and maximum values for theta, a previous theta, and a speed of the rotor. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, further comprising:
counting a number of hall sensor pulses in a sampling window to determine the speed of the motor. 14. A system comprising:
a motor comprising a shaft; a plurality of hall sensors to measure an electromagnetic field about the shaft of the motor; a processing device for executing computer readable instructions stored on a memory, the computer readable instructions controlling the processing device to perform operations comprising:
detecting a current state of at least one of the plurality of hall sensors;
predicting a predicted next state of the at least one of the plurality of hall sensors based on the current state; and
determining whether the at least one of the plurality of hall sensors is faulty based at least in part on an actual next state and the predicted next state. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein it is determined that the at least one of the plurality of hall sensors is not faulty responsive to determining that the predicted next state and the actual next state are different. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining a speed and a position of the shaft of the motor based at least in part on a signal generated by each of the plurality of hall sensors. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
responsive to determining that the predicted next state does not match the actual next state, adding an error to an incorrect hall sensor signal and flagging a hall signal responsive to the hall signal exceeding a maximum threshold. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise: responsive to determining that the predicted next state does match the actual next state, subtracting an error from a correct hall sensor signal and unflagging the hall signal responsive to the hall signal being below a maximum threshold. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving a previous state of the at least one of the plurality of hall sensors; and predicting the predicted next state of the hall sensor based on the previous state of the hall sensor, the current state of the hall sensor, and a direction of a shaft of the motor. | 2,800 |
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